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b6ad6ecb58b3c3a968351aa51030f077	The United States Naval Academy is in the Wyoming state capital.	[ { "docid": "0ccac6c669680ebb2edc4c810058f8d0", "text": "United States Naval Academy The United States Naval Academy ( also known as USNA , Annapolis , or simply Navy ) is a four-year coeducational federal service academy in Annapolis , Maryland , United States . Established on 10 October 1845 , under Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft , it is the second oldest of the United States ' five service academies , and educates officers for commissioning primarily into the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps . The 338 acre campus is located on the former grounds of Fort Severn at the confluence of the Severn River and Chesapeake Bay in Anne Arundel County , 33 mi east of Washington , D.C. and 26 mi southeast of Baltimore . The entire campus is a National Historic Landmark and home to many historic sites , buildings , and monuments . It replaced Philadelphia Naval Asylum , in Philadelphia , that served as the first United States Naval Academy from 1838 to 1845 when the Naval Academy formed in Annapolis . Candidates for admission generally must both apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination , usually from a Member of Congress . Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as midshipmen . Tuition for midshipmen is fully funded by the Navy in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation . Approximately 1,200 `` plebes '' ( an abbreviation of the Ancient Roman word plebeian ) enter the Academy each summer for the rigorous Plebe Summer , but only about 1,000 midshipmen graduate . Graduates are usually commissioned as ensigns in the Navy or second lieutenants in the Marine Corps , but a small number can also be cross-commissioned as officers in other U.S. services , and the services of allied nations . The United States Naval Academy has some of the highest paid graduates in the country according to starting salary . The academic program grants a bachelor of science degree with a curriculum that grades midshipmen 's performance upon a broad academic program , military leadership performance , and mandatory participation in competitive athletics . Midshipmen are required to adhere to the academy 's Honor Concept .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c46e63d60de2849ef551f54bf8cbb0ae", "text": "James Town, Wyoming James Town is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Sweetwater County , Wyoming , United States . The population was 536 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c32d5b70cc77543e2f99e4e52215cf", "text": "Harry S Truman Building The Harry S Truman Building is the headquarters of the United States Department of State . It is located in the national capital , Washington , D.C. The Truman Building is located in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood at 2201 C Street , NW , bounded by C Street to the south , E Street , D Street , and Virginia Avenue to the north , 21st Street to the east , and 23rd Street to the west . It is located to the west of Edward J. Kelly Park and north of the National Academy of Sciences building and the National Mall . The Truman Building houses the office of the United States Secretary of State .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4519903505ab408ad7668230e30b8dd", "text": "Lingle, Wyoming Lingle is a town in Goshen County , Wyoming , United States . The population was 468 at the 2010 census . Former Wyoming Supreme Court Justice Richard V. Thomas was reared in Lingle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b6a3e78bc7e25a42c6a23658d42b6e2", "text": "Limited duty officer A limited duty officer ( LDO ) is an officer in the United States Navy or United States Marine Corps who was selected for commissioning based on skill and expertise , and is not required to have a bachelor 's degree . They are employed in situations where it is desirable to have an officer with strong , specific technical knowledge and seasoned leadership . Per Title 10 , U.S. Code , an LDO is a permanent commissioned officer appointed under section 5589 in a permanent grade above chief warrant officer , W-5 , and designated for limited duty . LDOs do not attend a conventional pre-commissioning program such as a twelve - to fourteen-week Officer Candidate School program . Instead , they typically attend a four-to-five week LDO/CWO indoctrination school as commissioned officers . In the U.S. Navy , this school was previously under the auspices of Naval Aviation Schools Command at NAS Pensacola , Florida . It is now known as the LDO/CWO Academy under the auspices of Officer Training Command at Naval Station Newport , Rhode Island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "add0200911277a7c6b621805617e9bed", "text": "United States Air Force Academy The United States Air Force Academy ( also known as USAFA , the Air Force Academy , or the Academy ) , is a military academy for officer cadets of the United States Air Force . Its campus is located in the western United States in Colorado , immediately north of Colorado Springs in El Paso County . The Academy 's stated mission is `` to educate , train , and inspire men and women to become leaders of character , motivated to lead the United States Air Force in service to our nation . '' It is the youngest of the five U.S. service academies , having graduated its first class in 1959 . Graduates of the Academy 's four-year program receive a Bachelor of Science degree , and are commissioned as second lieutenants in the U.S. Air Force . The Academy is also one of the largest tourist attractions in Colorado , attracting approximately a million visitors each year . Admission is extremely competitive , with nominations divided equally among Congressional districts . Recent incoming classes have had about 1,200 cadets ; historically , just under 1,000 of those will graduate . Tuition along with room and board are all paid for by the Air Force . Cadets receive a monthly stipend , but incur a commitment to serve a number of years of military service after graduation . The program at the Academy is guided by the Air Force 's core values of `` Integrity First , Service Before Self , and Excellence in All We Do '' , and based on four `` pillars of excellence '' : military training , academics , athletics and character development . In addition to a rigorous military training regimen , cadets also take a broad academic course load with an extensive core curriculum in engineering , humanities , social sciences , basic sciences , military studies and physical education . All cadets participate in either intercollegiate or intramural athletics , and a thorough character development and leadership curriculum provides cadets a basis for future officership . Each of the components of the program is intended to give cadets the skills and knowledge that they will need for success as officers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d399c7d92e545f6e53c4ac41dc823a69", "text": "Naval Postgraduate School The Naval Postgraduate School ( NPS ) is a graduate school operated by the United States Navy . Located in Monterey , California , it grants master 's degrees , engineer 's degrees and doctoral degrees . Established in 1909 , the school also offers research fellowship opportunities at the postdoctoral level through the National Academies ' National Research Council research associateship program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf2f121c33b3ac2e399fab5a0e3223fc", "text": "Carlisle Indian Industrial School The United States Indian Industrial School in Carlisle , Pennsylvania , generally known as Carlisle Indian Industrial School , was the flagship Indian boarding school in the United States from 1879 through 1918 . All of the school property , known as the Carlisle Barracks , is now a part of the U.S. Army War College . Founded in 1879 by Captain Richard Henry Pratt under authority of the US federal government , Carlisle was the first federally funded off-reservation Indian boarding school . It was founded on the principle that Native Americans were the equals of European-Americans , and that Native American children immersed in mainstream Euro-American culture would learn skills to advance in society . In this period , many people believed that Amerindians , a population that was numerically declining , were a vanishing race whose only hope for survival was rapid assimilation to American culture . After witnessing the initial success of the Indian students at Hampton Normal and Agricultural School , General Richard Henry Pratt decided to establish the first all Indian school , Carlisle , in 1879 . Carlisle was built out of a former military barracks . Like Hampton , upon arrival at Carlisle students ' hair were cut and names were changed . However , '' -LSB- u -RSB- nlike Hampton , whose purpose was to return assimilated educated Indians to their people , Carlisle meant to turn the school into the ultimate Americanizer '' . At Carlisle , Pratt attempted to `` Kill the Indian : Save the Man '' through any means necessary . Beyond a typical military regimen , Pratt was known to use corporal punishment on students who exhibited Native behaviors to help students become only dependent on themselves . Carlisle became the model for 26 Bureau of Indian Affairs boarding schools in 15 states and territories , and hundreds of private boarding schools sponsored by religious denominations . It has been designated a National Historic Landmark . From 1879 until 1918 , over 10,000 Native American children from 140 tribes attended Carlisle ; however , according to one source , only 158 students graduated . Tribes with the largest number of students included the Lakota , Ojibwe , Seneca , Oneida , Cherokee , Apache , Cheyenne , and Alaska Native . The Carlisle Indian School exemplified Progressive Era values . Some Native Americans believed Carlisle provided an excellent education . Carlisle and similar schools have been controversial because many Native Americans say that these forced children to leave their families at young ages , and to give up their own cultures , languages , religion and even their names , doing psychological damage to generations . Since the 1970s , Native American nations have taken back control of the education of their children and started their own schools and colleges .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ec1158858fae5c2665283ca4c8c3cf", "text": "List of Wyoming state symbols The following is a list of symbols of the U.S. state of Wyoming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78b38c323e083fce5c5dc336782589f9", "text": "Wyoming, Ohio Wyoming is a city in Hamilton County , Ohio , United States . The population was 8,428 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2cc4c5ab5a51254a937d8aee6f501c4", "text": "Pennsylvania Navy The Pennsylvania Navy ( more formally known as the Pennsylvania State Navy or in modern terms the Pennsylvania Naval Militia ) served as the naval force of Pennsylvania during the American Revolution and afterward , until the formation of the United States Navy . The navy 's vessels served almost exclusively on the Delaware River , and were active ( in conjunction with ships of the Continental Navy ) in first defending the approaches to the city of Philadelphia during the British campaign that successfully occupied the city in 1777 , and then preventing ( at least for a time ) the Royal Navy from resupplying the occupying army . The Naval Militia would also be reactivated in the late 19th to early 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "723bf87ca62cb30ab9c8ce17c1d6742c", "text": "Ranchester, Wyoming Ranchester is a town in Sheridan County , Wyoming , United States . The population was 855 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "691cd6f2cb09afeca74a3848c64bad3d", "text": "Chief of Naval Operations Strategic Studies Group The Chief of Naval Operations Strategic Studies Group ( SSG ) was established by Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Thomas B. Hayward in 1981 . The Group is co-located at the United States Naval War College in Newport , Rhode Island , but receives its direction and makes its reports only to the Chief of Naval Operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "334809cbc0cd534788bc1e7629183802", "text": "Outline of Wyoming territorial evolution thumb \| 240px \| An enlargeable map of the United States after the Treaty of Paris in 1789 thumb \| 240px \| An enlargeable map of the United States after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 thumb \| 240px \| An enlargeable map of the United States after the Adams-Onís Treaty took effect in 1821 thumb \| 240px \| An enlargeable map of the United States after the Oregon Treaty of 1846 thumb \| 240px \| An enlargeable map of the United States after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 thumb \| 240px \| An enlargeable map of the United States after the Compromise of 1850 thumb \| 240px \| An enlargeable map of the United States after the Wyoming Organic Act in 1868 thumb \| 240px \| An enlargeable map of the United States after Wyoming Statehood in 1890 thumb \| 240px \| An enlargeable map of the United States as it has been since 1959 The following outline traces the territorial evolution of the U.S. State of Wyoming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9c7889fe3362a9c0d1289309805a45f", "text": "List of monuments at the United States Military Academy The United States Military Academy ( USMA ) is a federal service academy located at West Point , New York that educates and commissions officers for the United States Army . The Academy was formally founded in 1802 and graduated its first class in October of the same year . It is the oldest of the five American service academies . Due to the academy 's age and its unique purpose of producing Army officers , it is home to many monuments and memorials , the oldest dating back to the early 19th century , shortly after the academy 's founding . The oldest monument is the Cadet Monument , dedicated in 1818 and located in the West Point Cemetery , while the newest is the Flight Memorial , located just north of Lusk Reservoir and dedicated in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c836114e5d1b60cee67ada046bb807d", "text": "Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ; formerly , `` The Territory for the Seat of Government '' and , later , the `` Federal Capital Territory '' ) is the federal district in the south east of Australia , enclaved within New South Wales . Its only city is Canberra , the capital city of Australia . Geographically , the territory is bounded by the Goulburn-Cooma railway line in the east , the watershed of Naas Creek in the south , the watershed of the Cotter River in the west , and the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east . The ACT also has a small strip of territory around the southern end of the Beecroft Peninsula , which is the northern headland of Jervis Bay . The need for a national territory was flagged by colonial delegates during the Federation conventions of the late 19th century . Section 125 of the Australian Constitution provided that , following Federation in 1901 , land would be ceded freely to the new Federal Government . The territory was transferred to the Commonwealth by the state of New South Wales in 1911 , two years prior to the naming of Canberra as the national capital in 1913 . The floral emblem of the ACT is the royal bluebell and the bird emblem is the gang-gang cockatoo . The economic activity of the Australian Capital Territory is heavily concentrated around Canberra . A stable housing market , steady employment and rapid population growth in the 21st century have led to economic prosperity and in 2011 CommSec ranked the ACT as the second best performing economic region in the country . This trend continued into 2016 , when the territory was ranked the third best performing out of all of Australia 's states and territories . There is a higher proportion of young adults in the region compared with other Australian states or territories . Approximately one-fifth of ACT residents were born outside of Australia , mainly in the United Kingdom . Almost one-fifth speak a language other than English at home , the most common being Chinese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b072f7d69b9daa4978a6574c7ccadbfc", "text": "Capital High School Capital is a name for several high schools in North America , generally found in state capital cities . These include : Capital High School , Bhubaneswar , Orissa , India Capital High School ( Boise , Idaho ) Capital High School ( Charleston , West Virginia ) Capital High School ( Helena , Montana ) Capital High School ( Olympia , Washington ) Capital High School ( Santa Fe , New Mexico )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4153b895530395bf19ca5488a2a6f6dc", "text": "Interstate 80 in Wyoming Interstate 80 ( I-80 ) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from San Francisco to Teaneck , New Jersey . In Wyoming , the Interstate Highway runs 402.780 mi from the Utah state line near Evanston east to the Nebraska state line in Pine Bluffs . I-80 connects Cheyenne , Wyoming 's capital and largest city , with several smaller cities along the southern tier of Wyoming , including Evanston , Green River , Rock Springs , Rawlins , and Laramie . The highway also connects those cities with Salt Lake City to the west and Omaha to the east . In Cheyenne , I-80 intersects I-25 and has Wyoming 's only auxiliary Interstate , I-180 . The Interstate runs concurrently with U.S. Route 30 ( US 30 ) for most of their courses in Wyoming . I-80 also has shorter concurrencies with US 189 near Evanston , US 191 near Rock Springs , and US 287 and Wyoming Highway 789 ( WYO 789 ) near Rawlins . The Interstate has business loops through all six cities along its course as well as a loop serving Fort Bridger and Lyman east of Evanston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2af47d35a7eab242f6dcb024c7b415fd", "text": "Wyoming City Schools Wyoming City Schools is a school district headquartered in Wyoming , Ohio , in the Cincinnati metropolitan area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88bf0fcfa0cc7518e1d0b5f617a29af2", "text": "Maine Maritime Academy Maine Maritime Academy is a public post-secondary college and nautical training institution with approximately 900 students , located in Castine in Hancock County , Maine , USA . The Academy was established by the 90th Maine Legislature on March 21 , 1941 . Maine Maritime Academy is a public college . Costs of admission are comparable to the nearby University of Maine . Unlike federal service academies , a congressional recommendation is not required to attend this state school . Students are not obligated to go to sea or into the military after graduation , and a large portion of the graduating class chooses shore-side employment , often in maritime related fields or the power generation industry . Maine Maritime Academy is one of six maritime training colleges in the United States , and one of only two of these maritime academies which fields a Navy Reserve Officers Training Corps ( NROTC ) unit . The college is affiliated under the New England Association of Schools and Colleges . Maine Maritime Academy is the only business , residence , or organization to receive mail at the US ZIP code 04420 . In 2015 , Maine Maritime Academy was named the best public university or college in the United States by Money Magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d585b5bfc79d3d2c1c75b1a3b9ebec4a", "text": "Wyoming Constitution The Wyoming Constitution is the supreme governing document of the U.S. state of Wyoming . It was approved by a statewide vote of 6,272 to 1,923 on November 5 , 1889 . It was last amended in 2008 . It was the first constitution in the United States which explicitly gave women the right to vote ( though an earlier New Jersey constitution gave women who owned property the right to vote because of an ambiguity in its text ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e889c247b62a431e89ece85f61dcd84f	Andy Samberg voice acted in Hotel Transylvania 2.	[ { "docid": "a15099b64bee5381e7710ea5d835a929", "text": "Hotel Transylvania 2 Hotel Transylvania 2 is a 2015 American 3D computer animated fantasy-comedy film . It is the second installment in the Hotel Transylvania franchise , and the sequel to the 2012 film Hotel Transylvania , with its director , Genndy Tartakovsky , and writer , Robert Smigel , returning for the film . Produced by Sony Pictures Animation , it was animated by Sony Pictures Imageworks , with an additional funding provided by LStar Capital . Hotel Transylvania 2 takes place seven years after the first film , with the hotel now open to human guests . Mavis and Johnny have a young son named Dennis , whose lack of any vampire abilities worries his grandfather Dracula . When Mavis and Johnny go on a visit to Johnny 's parents , Dracula calls his friends to help him make Dennis a vampire . Soon , things turn upside-down when Dracula 's old-school human-hating father Vlad unexpectedly visits the hotel . Original voices from the first film -- Adam Sandler , Andy Samberg , Selena Gomez , Kevin James , Steve Buscemi , David Spade , Fran Drescher , Molly Shannon -- returned for the sequel , with Keegan-Michael Key replacing CeeLo Green as Murray . New additions to the cast include Mel Brooks as Count Dracula 's father , Vlad ; Nick Offerman and Megan Mullally as Jonathan 's parents , Mike and Linda ; and Asher Blinkoff as Mavis and Johnny 's half-human/half-vampire son , Dennis . The film was released on September 25 , 2015 , by Columbia Pictures and was a box office success . A third film , titled Hotel Transylvania 3 , is scheduled to be released on July 13 , 2018 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14222e30ccffb7baf0984580671701cd", "text": "Garfield: The Movie Garfield : The Movie is a 2004 American family comedy film directed by Peter Hewitt inspired by Jim Davis ' comic strip of the same name . It stars Breckin Meyer as Jon Arbuckle , Jennifer Love Hewitt as Dr. Liz Wilson , and features Bill Murray as the voice of Garfield . Garfield was created with computer animation , though all other animals were real . The film was produced by Davis Entertainment Company and distributed by 20th Century Fox . The film shares several similarities to the 1982 animated special Here Comes Garfield . Garfield : The Movie grossed $ 200 million on a $ 50 million budget . The film was released in the United States on June 11 , 2004 . A sequel , Garfield : A Tail of Two Kitties , was released in June 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "369ac45cb145c0480b59f2d30ab7e726", "text": "A Turtle's Tale 2: Sammy's Escape from Paradise A Turtle 's Tale 2 : Sammy 's Escape from Paradise ( titled Sammy 's Great Escape in the UK ; Sammy 's avonturen 2 , literally `` Sammy 's adventures 2 '' ) is a 2012 English-language Belgian-French animated film sequel to the 2010 animated film A Turtle 's Tale : Sammy 's Adventures . The sequel features the voice talents of Kaitlyn Maher , Khary Payton and Carlos Alazraqui .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1844eb600006e67b1539fbc15f876256", "text": "Steve Purcell Steven Ross Purcell ( born 1961 ) is an American cartoonist , animator , director and game designer . He is most widely known as the creator of Sam & Max , an independent comic book series about a pair of anthropomorphic animal vigilantes and private investigators , for which Purcell received an Eisner Award in 2007 . Since being a comic , the series has grown to incorporate an animated television series and several video games . A graduate of the California College of Arts and Craft , Purcell began his career creating comic strips for the college newsletter . He performed freelance work for Marvel Comics and Fishwrap Productions before publishing his first Sam & Max comic in 1987 . Purcell was hired by LucasArts as an artist and animator in 1988 , working on several titles within the company 's adventure games era . Purcell collaborated with Nelvana to create a Sam & Max television series in 1997 , and briefly worked as an animator for Industrial Light & Magic after leaving LucasArts . He is currently employed in the story development department at Pixar . His main work for the animation studio has been with the 2006 film Cars , the 2012 film Brave and spin-off materials such as shorts and video games . Alongside his employment with Pixar , Purcell has continued to work with comic books and came together with Telltale Games in 2005 to bring about new series of Sam & Max video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3310d85a971ae00b88a2b1bc785719e1", "text": "Alex Doduk Alex Doduk ( born as Alexander Doduk ) is an American voice actor who is well known for his roles in the films : Barbie in the Nutcracker ( 2001 ) , Scary Godmother ( 2003 ) , The incredible Elephant ( 1998 ) and in the Animated series Brain Powered . He was the first voice of Lan Hikari for 14 episodes ( 1-5 , 9-17 ) on the English version of Megaman NT Warrior before Brad Swaile became the voice for Lan . Doduk has voiced in other English dubs of anime , such as InuYasha and the Ocean dub of Escaflowne . He was also José on Cybersix . He provided the voice of Vega Obscura in the English version of Zoids : New Century Zero . In 2000 , Doduk voiced Jake Spankenheimer in Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe208119f0d0dc4dd426596ea18cba66", "text": "How to Train Your Dragon 2 How to Train Your Dragon 2 is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated fantasy action film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox , loosely based on the British book series of the same name by Cressida Cowell . It is the sequel to the 2010 computer-animated film How to Train Your Dragon and the second in the trilogy . The film is written and directed by Dean DeBlois , and stars the voices of Jay Baruchel , Gerard Butler , Craig Ferguson , America Ferrera , Jonah Hill , Christopher Mintz-Plasse , T.J. Miller , and Kristen Wiig , with the addition of Cate Blanchett , Djimon Hounsou , and Kit Harington . The film takes place five years after the first film , featuring Hiccup and his friends as young adults as they meet Valka , Hiccup 's long-lost mother , and Drago Bludvist , a madman who wants to conquer the world . DeBlois , who co-directed the first film , agreed to return to direct the second film on the condition that he would be allowed to turn it into a trilogy . He cited The Empire Strikes Back and My Neighbor Totoro as his main inspirations , with the expanded scope of the The Empire Strikes Back being particularly influential . The entire voice cast from the first film returned , and Cate Blanchett and Djimon Hounsou signed on to voice Valka and Drago , respectively . DeBlois and his creative team visited Norway and Svalbard to give them ideas for the setting . Composer John Powell returned to score the film . How to Train Your Dragon 2 benefited from advances in animation technology and was DreamWorks ' first film to use scalable multicore processing and the studio 's new animation and lighting software . The film was released on June 13 , 2014 , and like its predecessor , received wide acclaim . Critics praised the film for its animation , voice acting , action scenes , musical score , emotional depth , and darker , more serious tone compared to its predecessor . It received the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature . The film won six Annie Awards , including Best Animated Feature and Best Director . The film grossed over $ 621 million worldwide , making it the 12th highest-grossing film of 2014 . It earned less than its predecessor at the US box office , but performed better internationally . A third installment in the trilogy , How to Train Your Dragon 3 , is scheduled to be released on March 1 , 2019 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11bdc4acb2c4303adf7c25e136bd4861", "text": "Robert Smigel Robert Smigel ( born February 7 , 1960 ) is an American actor , humorist , comedian and writer known for his Saturday Night Live `` TV Funhouse '' cartoon shorts and as the puppeteer and voice behind Triumph , the Insult Comic Dog . He also co-wrote both Hotel Transylvania films and You Do n't Mess with the Zohan , all starring Adam Sandler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44904609055fb1913716cc252193e46e", "text": "Animalympics Animalympics is a 1980 animated television film produced by Lisberger Studios and released by Warner Bros. . It was the third animated feature film presented with Dolby sound . Originally commissioned by the NBC network as two separate specials , it spoofs the Summer and Winter Olympic Games , and features the voices of Billy Crystal , Gilda Radner , Harry Shearer and Michael Fremer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64fe90046d77d40550dff87344aa0ead", "text": "Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs is a 2009 American computer animated comedy adventure film produced by Blue Sky Studios . It is the third installment in the Ice Age series and the sequel to Ice Age : The Meltdown ( 2006 ) . It was directed by Carlos Saldanha and co-directed by Mike Thurmeier . Ray Romano , John Leguizamo , Denis Leary and Queen Latifah reprise their roles from the first two films , with Simon Pegg joining them in the role of a weasel named Buck . The story has Sid being taken by a female Tyrannosaurus after stealing her eggs , leading the rest of the herd to rescue him in a tropical lost world inhabited by dinosaurs beneath the ice . The film was released on July 1 , 2009 by 20th Century Fox . It was the first Ice Age film and the first 20th Century Fox 's film to be released in 3D . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , it ranked at the time as the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time , earning $ 886.7 million worldwide . A sequel , titled Ice Age : Continental Drift , was released in 2012 , and another film , titled Ice Age : Collision Course , was released in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a1317743267e9ef1805687b853de4f5", "text": "A Haunted House 2 A Haunted House 2 is a 2014 American horror comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans . The film is the sequel to the 2013 film A Haunted House . Produced by IM Global Octane and distributed by Open Road Films , the film was released on April 18 , 2014 . The film received negative reviews , and earned over $ 23 million at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb6abbf8cd80dcc21000d44258f29f1d", "text": "Andy Dick Andrew Roane Dick ( born December 21 , 1965 ) is an American comedian , actor , musician , and television and film producer . Best known as a comic , he is also known for his eccentric and controversial behavior . His first regular television role was on the short-lived but influential The Ben Stiller Show . In the mid-1990s , he had a long-running stint on NBC 's NewsRadio and was a supporting character on Less than Perfect . He briefly had his own program , The Andy Dick Show on MTV . He is noted for his outlandish behavior from a number of Comedy Central Roasts . He landed in 7th place on the 16th season of Dancing with the Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4d67550f96b4879c2db2c62679417b", "text": "Sam Golzari Sam Golzari ( سام گلزاری born 12 July 1979 ) is a British actor of Iranian descent active in the United States . He is known for his debut role in American Dreamz . Golzari was born in Hammersmith , London , England , to parents of Persian origin . He received his BA from UCLA in 2003 , where he worked in the Conservatory Acting Program . Golzari got his start at the age of four as a Michael Jackson impersonator . Besides his work at UCLA , Golzari has also been a lab member of the Latino Theater Company under Jose Luis Valenzuela . Golzari 's plans were to stay in the theater , but while at college he started working on student films . It was there that he began to find a love for the craft of filmmaking . His short film The Break won an award for the `` best ensemble cast '' at the Method Fest film festival . After this , he got his TV debut when the Showtime network aired his film The Invisible Man , directed by UCLA film student Angela Mrema . After college graduation , Golzari landed the first Hollywood film for which he auditioned , American Dreamz . In the film he stars alongside Hugh Grant , Mandy Moore and Dennis Quaid . Since that film , he plays the role of Kameron in the film 21 alongside Jim Sturgess and Kevin Spacey . He has also worked with Tony Shalhoub on the film AmericanEast , as well as an all-improv mockumentary , Juan Francis : Live , produced by Norman Lear . Golzari is also a founding member of the LA-based band the Elevaters , who have released a self-titled EP as well as a full-length album entitled `` Rising . '' He has also appeared in 2016 American film , Jimmy Vestvood : Amerikan Hero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7b56bf260b0182ba603602444a928a3", "text": "Steve Valentine Steve Valentine ( born 26 October 1966 ) is a Scottish-American actor , musician , and magician who has performed on stage and screen but who is best known for his role as the eccentric Nigel Townsend on NBC 's crime drama Crossing Jordan and as Harry Flynn in the critically acclaimed PlayStation 3 game Uncharted 2 : Among Thieves as well as the voice of Alistair in BioWare 's Dragon Age franchise . He also starred in the Disney XD sitcom I 'm in the Band as Derek Jupiter until its 2011 cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ba6963ad8e282e9aecb6c8a1238f4c3", "text": "Christophe Lemoine Christophe Lemoine ( born 1978 ) is a French voice actor who specializes in dubbing . He is best known as the voice of Samwise Gamgee in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy and Eric Cartman in South Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dfae28aeff71bab7e1e11d0c69a72fa", "text": "Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is a 2005 British stop-motion animated comedy action film produced by Aardman Animations in partnership with DreamWorks Animation . United International Pictures distributed the film in the United Kingdom , and it was the last DreamWorks animated film to be distributed by DreamWorks Pictures in the United States . It was directed by Nick Park and Steve Box as the second feature-length film by Aardman after Chicken Run ( 2000 ) . The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is based on the Wallace and Gromit short film series , created by Park . The film follows eccentric inventor Wallace ( voiced by Peter Sallis ) and his mute and intelligent dog , Gromit , as they come to the rescue of the residents of a village which is being plagued by a mutant rabbit before an annual vegetable competition . The film introduces a number of new characters , and features a voice cast including Helena Bonham Carter and Ralph Fiennes . It was a critical and commercial success , and won a number of film awards including the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , making it the second film from DreamWorks Animation to win ( after Shrek ) , as well as both the second non American animated film and second non computer animated film to have received this achievement ( after Spirited Away ) . It is also the only stop motion film to win the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59c9c720c2b76695db126a36f6a0ca11", "text": "Sam Drucker Sam Drucker , portrayed by actor Frank Cady , is the operator of Drucker 's general store in the fictional community of Hooterville , which is seen in the television shows Petticoat Junction and Green Acres ( and occasionally in The Beverly Hillbillies ) . Drucker is the only resident of Hooterville to be a regular character in both Petticoat Junction and Green Acres . He is a supporting character in Petticoat Junction , but more of a main character in Green Acres , where he seems to be perhaps the only truly sane person . The New York Times describes Sam Drucker as `` a bit of a straight man to the colorfully zany folk '' of Hooterville . However , like other Hootervillians , he sees nothing unusual in the fact that Fred and Doris Ziffel 's `` son '' Arnold is a talking pig . Drucker is provincial , but fairly intelligent . He earns a modest living , and he sleeps in the back room of the general store . In the Green Acres episode `` Milk Machine '' , Mr. Haney and Fred Ziffel ask Drucker for five hundred dollars to invest in a milk making machine . When he tells them he does n't have the money , Mr. Haney suggests getting a mortgage on the general store . Drucker tells him that he already has six mortgages on his store and is `` working on a seventh . '' Much ado is made of Sam Drucker 's baldness . In one episode , he dons a toupee for a photograph and notes that it is the first time he has worn it since high school . In another episode , he states , `` We Druckers skin out early . '' And in the Green Acres episode `` The Agricultural Student '' , Sam throws on his toupé and says he is `` Young Sam Drucker '' when a young blonde co-ed named Terry Harper needs a date for the barn dance . Besides being the town grocer , Sam Drucker is also Hooterville 's postmaster , constable , Justice of the Peace , and Superintendent of Schools . And he is the editor , publisher , and apparently sole employee of the Hooterville World-Guardian , the town 's weekly newspaper . He operates a `` bank '' , which is merely a cash box kept under the counter in his store . In addition , Drucker is a fireman with the Hooterville Volunteer Fire Department , and plays the bass drum in the Hooterville Volunteer Fire Department Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c18aef677bb9ecca0a2c07d656f587b4", "text": "Solsidan (season 2) The second season of Solsidan , a Swedish television comedy series , created by comedian and actor Felix Herngren , Jacob Seth Fransson , Ulf Kvensler and Pontus Edgren , premiered on January 16 , 2011 on TV4 and will end on March 20 , 2011 . This season will feature the wedding between Alex and Anna and Anna 's parents will appear , her dad is a military and her mom an ex-beauty queen . Over all , Anna and Mickan will be the main-characters for a greater part of the show . Also , Alex neighbor Tord Malmberg will appear more since he is getting together with Alex 's mom Margareta . The episodes av the second season is posted on TV4 Play Premium , a pay on demand service by TV4 , on Fridays and is aired on Sundays . The Finnish TV-channel FST5 was at the beginning airing the episodes two days before their original air date in Sweden , this caused great legal trouble for the Finnish network who was forced to stop that and air the episodes at the same time as TV4 . The first episode was seen bt 2,530,000 viewers in Sweden , that 's the highest rating that TV4 has had in over a decade . One week after the airing had 3,2 million people seen it , then included the re-run and all web-views . On December 3 , 2010 , the producers announced that the script to the series had been sold to the American network ABC , which plans to create their own version of the series to air in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "274e42b7101bd9b3099b4b47c53078b2", "text": "Thurl Ravenscroft Thurl Arthur Ravenscroft ( -LSB- ˈθɜrl_ˈreɪvənzkrɒft -RSB- February 6 , 1914May 22 , 2005 ) was an American voice actor and bass singer known as the booming voice behind Tony the Tiger 's `` They 're grrreat ! '' in Kellogg 's Frosted Flakes television commercials for more than five decades . Ravenscroft was also known , albeit uncredited , as the vocalist for the song `` You 're a Mean One , Mr. Grinch '' from the classic Christmas television special , Dr. Seuss ' How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! Ravenscroft did some voice-over work and singing for Disney in both the films and the attractions at Disneyland ( which were later featured at Walt Disney World ) . The best known of these attractions are The Haunted Mansion , Country Bear Jamboree , The Mark Twain Riverboat , Pirates of the Caribbean , Disneyland Railroad , and Walt Disney 's Enchanted Tiki Room . His voice acting career began in 1940 and lasted until his death in 2005 at age 91 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c18c9dbf24602cc34c598e480a53f01c", "text": "Andy Symanowski Andy Symanowski is a stop-motion animator for Aardman Animations . He was a key animator for the feature films Chicken Run , Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit and The Pirates ! In an Adventure with Scientists . He was also an animator for several TV shows such as Rex the Runt , Creature Comforts , Angry Kid and Shaun The Sheep . He served as a supervising animator on the Wallace & Gromit mini series , Cracking Contraptions . He was also an assistant animator for the Pib and Pog shorts , the Angry Kid special and Flushed Away . In April 2005 , he also helped produce a film with children of Southville Primary .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3de4f28684931a787bc46d096e8acc64	Matt Damon acted in Behind the Candelabra.	[ { "docid": "e9284de34d382a0416f4208d9f887d27", "text": "Matt Damon Matthew Paige Damon ( -LSB- ˈdeɪmən -RSB- born October 8 , 1970 ) is an American actor , film producer , and screenwriter . He is ranked among Forbes magazine 's most bankable stars and is one of the highest-grossing actors of all time . Damon has received various accolades , including an Academy Award from five nominations , two Golden Globe Awards from eight nominations , and has been nominated for two British Academy Film Awards and six Emmy Awards . Born and raised in Cambridge , Massachusetts , Damon began his acting career by appearing in high school theater productions and he made his professional acting debut in the film Mystic Pizza ( 1988 ) . He came to prominence in 1997 when he wrote and starred in Good Will Hunting alongside Ben Affleck , which won them the Academy and Golden Globe awards for Best Screenplay , and earned Damon a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . He continued to garner praise from critics for his roles as the eponymous character in Saving Private Ryan ( 1998 ) , the antihero in The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , a fallen angel in Dogma ( 1999 ) , an energy analyst in Syriana ( 2005 ) , and a corrupt Irish-American police officer in The Departed ( 2006 ) . Damon is also known for his starring roles as Jason Bourne in the Bourne franchise ( 2002 -- 16 ) and as a con man in the Ocean 's Trilogy ( 2001 -- 07 ) . For his supporting role as the rugby player Francois Pienaar in Invictus ( 2009 ) and his leading role as an astronaut stranded on Mars in The Martian ( 2015 ) , Damon received Oscar nominations for Best Supporting Actor and Best Actor , respectively . The latter also won him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . Damon has received Emmy Award nominations for his portrayal of Scott Thorson in the biopic Behind the Candelabra ( 2013 ) and for producing the reality series Project Greenlight . He also received an Oscar nomination for producing Manchester by the Sea ( 2016 ) . In addition to acting in films , Damon has performed voice-over work in both animated and documentary films and has established two production companies with Affleck . He has been involved in charitable work , including the ONE Campaign , H2O Africa Foundation , Feeding America , and Water.org . Damon is married to Luciana Bozán Barroso , and they have three daughters together .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a1f7deadfaa275f35ce9b3aaac7d2ac1", "text": "Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina . The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5e3cbe7174afd1e3eccbf4bd4cf7c12", "text": "Practical Magic Practical Magic is a 1998 American romantic comedy film based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman . The film was directed by Griffin Dunne and stars Sandra Bullock , Nicole Kidman , Stockard Channing , Dianne Wiest , Aidan Quinn , and Goran Visnjic . The film score was composed by Alan Silvestri . Bullock and Kidman play sisters Sally and Gillian Owens , who have always known they were different from each other . Raised by their aunts after their parents ' death , the sisters grew up in a household that was anything but typical -- their aunts fed them chocolate cake for breakfast and taught them the uses of practical magic . But the invocation of the Owens ' sorcery also carries a price -- some call it a curse : the men they fall in love with are doomed to an untimely death . Now adult women with very different personalities , the quiet Sally and the fiery Gillian must use all of their powers to fight the family curse and a swarm of supernatural forces that could take away all the Owens ' lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bbb7198fee0293dc476919162a05756", "text": "Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away Cirque du Soleil : Worlds Away is a 2012 American 3D family fantasy film directed by Andrew Adamson . The film premiered on October 20 , 2012 at the Tokyo International Film Festival , and was released theatrically in the United States on December 21 , 2012 . Distributed worldwide by Paramount Pictures on December 21 , 2012 , the film tells the story of a girl named Mia going to a traveling circus and falling in love with its main attraction , the Aerialist . After the Aerialist falls during his act , he and Mia are transported to another world where each encounter the different worlds of Cirque du Soleil through O , Mystère , Kà , Love , Zumanity , Viva Elvis and Criss Angel Believe . It stars Erica Linz and Igor Zaripov as the main characters and incorporates acts from some of the Cirque du Soleil shows that were running in Las Vegas in 2011 including O , Mystère , Kà , Love , and Viva Elvis . The 3D used in the film was highly admired by critics on its Tokyo premiere . The Eels performed a song titled `` Calling for Your Love '' for the movie . The film incorporates acts from the seven Cirque du Soleil shows running in Las Vegasin 2011 : O , Mystère , Kà , Love , Zumanity , Viva Elvis and Criss Angel Believe . Each of the acts/performances was filmed on the stage of the theater in Las Vegas where the show is/was running : the acts from `` O '' at the `` O '' Theatre at the Bellagio , those from `` Ka '' at the Ka Theater at the MGM Grand , those from `` Love '' at the Love Theater at the Mirage , the act from `` Mystere '' at the Mystere Theater at Treasure Island , the act from `` Zumanity '' at the Zumanity Theater at the New York New York and the act from `` Viva Elvis '' at the Aria Theater . It was Reel FX 's first and only live action film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4d63ca905c552297472614f780021dc", "text": "Near Dark Near Dark is a 1987 American western horror film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by her and Eric Red . The story follows a young man in a small midwestern town who becomes involved with a family of nomadic American vampires . Starring then little-known actors Adrian Pasdar and Jenny Wright , the film was part of a revival of serious vampire movies in the late 1980s . Despite the film 's poor performance at the box office upon release , critic reviews were very positive . Over the years , the film has garnered a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b51668a58e7e1b326c8ec175107f7d8e", "text": "Behind the Green Door: the Sequel Behind the Green Door : the Sequel is a 1986 American pornographic film and the sequel to Behind the Green Door . It was produced by the Mitchell brothers and starred Elisa Florez , who used the stage name of Missy Manners . It had a `` safe sex '' theme as a response to the AIDS crisis . Hence , all sexual contact between performers featured the use of condoms , dental dams and medical exam gloves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc03e8bfe5a80b587c03204a278a424f", "text": "Matt Craven Matthew John Crnkovich , known as Matt Craven ( born November 10 , 1956 ) is a Canadian actor . He has appeared in over 40 films including Happy Birthday to Me , Jacob 's Ladder , K2 , A Few Good Men , The Juror , Assault on Precinct 13 , Disturbia , and X-Men : First Class . Craven has also made several television appearances , most notably as Clayton Jarvis on the CBS series , NCIS , Officer Lenny Gayer on High Incident , Dr. Tim Lonner on L.A. Doctors , and Sheriff Fred Langston on the series , Resurrection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd4592a6354985aece1031064874f1dd", "text": "Under Cover (film) Under Cover ( also known as Fires Within ) is a 1987 film directed by John Stockwell . It stars David Neidorf and Jennifer Jason Leigh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff1f31a8d61b1f5bd09898cc6edfdb7e", "text": "Blackout (2007 film) Blackout is a 2007 American television film that takes place in New York City during the Northeast Blackout of 2003 . Written and directed by Jerry LaMothe , it stars Jeffrey Wright , Zoe Saldana , Prodigy , Michael B. Jordan , and LaTanya Richardson . The film premiered at the 2007 Zurich Film Festival . It debuted on BET on February 1 , 2008 . It was released to DVD on February 4 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a55640024457900988c3b2aa9012214", "text": "The Dam Short Film Festival The Dam Short Film Festival is a film festival held annually in Boulder City , Nevada , typically in early February . Lee Lanier and Anita Lanier are the original co-founders of the festival . The festival is organized by the Dam Short Film Society , a non-profit 501 ( c ) 3 Nevada corporation . Past festival sponsors have included The Art Institutes , the Nevada Film Office , the Hacienda Hotel and Casino , and Cirque du Soleil . The Society receives annual grants from the National Endowment for the Arts via the Nevada Arts Council . Started in 2005 , the Dam Short Film Festival only screens films that run between 1 and 40 minutes . Generally , there are between 100 and 140 short films programmed each year . Although most of the festival shorts are submitted by student , independent , and other `` up-and-coming '' filmmakers , the stiff competition means many of the shorts have been produced involving film professionals . These have included Oscar-winner Louis Gossett Jr. in `` Window , '' Oscar-winner , Tom Hanks , William Shatner , and Michael York in `` Why Shakespeare ? '' , the late Bela Lugosi narrating an animation based on the Edgar Allan Poe classic `` The Tell-Tale Heart '' , Francesco Quinn in `` The Gnostic '' , and Robert Wagner and Lori Singer in `` Little Victim '' The short films are arranged into thematic programs , such as international drama , crime drama , dramedy , science-fiction , horror , comedy , avant-garde , underground , and animation . In addition to the regular screenings , the festival presents special showcases and retrospectives ; for example , the 2009 event featured a showcase dedicated to documentary filmmaker Jay Rosenblatt while 2008 included a program dedicated to animator Jim Blashfield The festival also presents parties , mixers , filmmaker panels , and Q&A sessions with attending filmmakers . In 2008 , the Festival moved to the historic 400-seat Boulder Theatre . The Theatre was built in 1931 and is currently owned by Desi Arnaz Jr. and his wife Amy . 2014 marked the 10th anniversary of the festival . At present , Lee Lanier serves as the Dam Short Film Society 's executive director while John LaBonney serves as festival director . The Society has a working board of directors that varies from 4 to 6 members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05a8fff31ff099b405169519884564a", "text": "Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future . The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon . After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c976d65b495d1cfb59ff33ab6802bcdd", "text": "Stroker Ace Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film , directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia . Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace , a NASCAR driver . The co-stars were Jim Nabors , Loni Anderson , Ned Beatty , Parker Stevenson , and Bubba Smith , with appearances by many NASCAR drivers , such as : Dale Earnhardt , Richard Petty , Neil Bonnett , Harry Gant , Terry Labonte , Kyle Petty , Benny Parsons , Tim Richmond , Ricky Rudd , Cale Yarborough , and announcers Ken Squier , David Hobbs , and Chris Economaki . The movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton , Georgia . The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels . Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film . The role went to Jack Nicholson , who went on to win an Academy Award . Reynolds said he made this decision because `` I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim '' but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered . `` That 's where I lost them , '' he says of his fans . The movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It , an autobiography of fictional driver `` Stroker Ace . '' The novel 's joint authors , William Neely and Robert K. Ottum , based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f989b31194417efcb528494f8b7b56e2", "text": "A Simple Plan (film) A Simple Plan is a 1998 American neo-noir crime thriller film adapted by Scott B. Smith from his 1993 novel of the same name . Directed by Sam Raimi , the film stars Bill Paxton , Billy Bob Thornton and Bridget Fonda . Set in rural Minnesota , the story follows Hank Mitchell ( Paxton ) and his brother Jacob ( Thornton ) , who , along with Jacob 's friend Lou ( Brent Briscoe ) , discover a crashed plane containing $ 4.4 million in cash . The three men go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other 's trust , resulting in lies , deceit and murder . Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published . Mike Nichols purchased the film rights , and the project was picked up by an independent film studio , Savoy Pictures . After Nichols stepped down , the film adaptation became mired in development hell ; during the troubled pre-production , Ben Stiller and John Dahl turned down opportunities to direct the film . After Savoy closed in November 1995 , the project was sold to Paramount Pictures . John Boorman was hired to direct , but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi . Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days ; filming took place in Wisconsin and Minnesota . The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman . A Simple Plan premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival , where it was met with critical acclaim . The film 's appearance at the festival preceded a limited release in the United States on December 11 , 1998 , followed by a general release in North America on January 22 , 1999 . It underperformed at the North American box office , grossing $ 16.3 million on a $ 17 million production budget . Reviewers praised various aspects of the film 's production , including the storytelling , performances and Raimi 's direction . A Simple Plan earned multiple awards and nominations , among them two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor ( Thornton ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( Smith ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b00315ad6486f7668e49888e0b1a39", "text": "There's Something About Mary There 's Something About Mary is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed by Bobby and Peter Farrelly . It stars Cameron Diaz as the title character with Ben Stiller , Chris Elliott , and Matt Dillon all playing men who are in love with her and vying for her affections . The film was placed 27th in the American Film Institute 's 100 Years , 100 Laughs : America 's Funniest Movies , a list of the 100 funniest movies of the 20th century . In 2000 , readers of Total Film magazine voted it the fourth-greatest comedy film of all time . Diaz won a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress , an MTV Movie Award for Best Performance , an American Comedy Award for Best Actress , a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Best Actress . She also received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance . It was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy . It won 4 out of 8 MTV Movie Awards , including Best Movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f09bde3ad4adca7d0d357dca2b52a7d", "text": "The Twins Effect The Twins Effect , also known as Vampire Effect in the United States , is a 2003 Hong Kong film directed by Dante Lam and Donnie Yen . The film was derived from Cantopop group Twins , starring both members Charlene Choi and Gillian Chung in the leading roles . Co-stars include Edison Chen and Ekin Cheng . Jackie Chan makes a cameo appearance as an ambulance driver . Following its release on 8 March 2003 , The Twins Effect was a box-office success in Hong Kong , became the highest grossing domestic film of the year . The film gained huge popularity , mainly from fans of Twins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4feff891ce65c365b5b8564b6becf802", "text": "Left Handed Johnny West Left Handed Johnny West ( Johnny West il mancino , also known just as Johnny West ) is a 1965 Italian spaghetti western film directed by Gianfranco Parolini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b9f5c40227ae375a5acaebccb77ef9b", "text": "Behind Office Doors Behind Office Doors is a 1931 Pre-Code American drama film directed by Melville W. Brown , from a screenplay by Carey Wilson and J. Walter Ruben , based on Alan Schultz 's novel , Private Secretary . It starred Mary Astor , Robert Ames and Ricardo Cortez , and revolved around the premise of `` the woman behind the man '' . While not well-received by critics , it did well at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "853c55d9deadac9eed007848896ac51d", "text": "Socket (film) Socket is an independent sci-fi thriller directed by Sean Abley and produced by John Carrozza , Sean Abley , Matt Mishkoff and Doug Prinzivalli , starring Derek Long as Dr. Bill and Matthew Montgomery as Dr. Craig Murphy . It was released in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4de6adeb7b5d61a8981c9fe1ab27fea5", "text": "Damon Fox (musician) Damon Fox is a Los Angeles multi-instrumentalist/songwriter/producer . He is primarily recognized as the lead singer , keyboardist , and mastermind of the psychedelic prog metal outfit Bigelf . His analog flair and vintage sonic alchemy can be heard on several platinum albums , including Alicia Keys ' As I Am and Christina Aguilera 's Stripped and Back To Basics . Damon 's keyboards also appear on releases from Matt Sorum ( Guns & Roses ) , Cheap Trick , and Courtney Love . He is currently a member of the British rock band The Cult and continues to tour worldwide with Bigelf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43d673ad1502966d07d84c0d332ed129", "text": "73rd Venice International Film Festival The 73rd annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 31 August to 10 September 2016 . English director Sam Mendes was the President of the Jury for the main competition . The opening night film was Damien Chazelle 's musical La La Land . The Golden Lion was awarded to Lav Diaz 's film The Woman Who Left .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c61475141ef1d51ae6edcab3d863f", "text": "Little Boy (film) Little Boy is a 2015 World War II war fantasy-drama film directed by Alejandro Gómez Monteverde . The screenplay is by Monteverde and Pepe Portillo , and the film was produced by Eduardo Verástegui and Leo Severino , edited by Joan Sobel and Fernando Villena . The film stars Jakob Salvati , Emily Watson , Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa , Michael Rapaport , David Henrie , Ben Chaplin , Eduardo Verástegui , Ted Levine , Abraham Benrubi , Tom Wilkinson . The title is a reference to Little Boy , the code name for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima as well as a reference to Pepper , the main character 's height . The film was co-produced by Metanoia Films and Santa Fé Films and was released on April 24 , 2015 , by Open Road Films . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18 , 2015 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment . The film received negative reviews from mainstream critics and it earned $ 17 million on a $ 20 million budget . The story of the movie is being used in the 2017 Bollywood movie Tubelight starring Salman Khan in the lead role .", "title": "" } ]	fever
89d75733a625b4f51d66c0b157c321df	Hopman Cup has been attended by his first wife Lucy.	[ { "docid": "f3ced2a39c5a9f83579a717042644c10", "text": "Hopman Cup The Hopman Cup is an annual international eight-team indoor hardcourt tennis tournament held in Perth , Western Australia in early January ( sometimes commencing in late December ) each year , which plays mixed-gender teams on a country-by-country basis . The championship is named in honour of Harry Hopman ( 1906 -- 1985 ) , an Australian tennis player and coach who guided the country to 15 Davis Cup titles between 1938 and 1969 . Since the Hopman Cup was founded in 1989 , it has been attended each year by Harry Hopman 's widow , his second wife Lucy , who travels to the tournament annually from her home in the United States . The tournament is a sanctioned event in the calendar of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , but while individual player results are tallied , they are not included in the calculation of tennis world rankings . The competition receives extensive television coverage in Australia and is an important lead-up tournament to the Australian Open each January as part of the Australian Open Series . The winning team receives a silver cup perpetual trophy and up to 2014 the winning team members were presented with distinctive individual trophies in the shape of a tennis ball encrusted with diamonds from the Argyle diamond mine in the Kimberley region of Western Australia . In 2014 and 2015 , the individual trophies were created in the shape of an intricate diamond encrusted tennis racket and ball , using just under an ounce of 18-carat white , yellow and rose gold and approximately half an ounce of pink argyle diamonds . These trophies are valued at $ 26,000 . Until 2012 , the Hopman Cup was played at the Burswood Dome . Since 2013 , the Hopman Cup has been played at the Perth Arena .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f21bf5f4f988d0348a68e33cd9e566dc", "text": "Harry Wingfield John Henry `` Harry '' Wingfield ( 4 December 1910 -- 5 March 2002 ) was an English illustrator , best known for his drawings that illustrated the Ladybird Books Key Words Reading Scheme ( also known as Peter and Jane ) in the 1960s through to the 1980s , which sold over 80 million copies worldwide . Wingfield was born in Denby , near Derby , the son of a blastfurnace man . He grew up in Manchester and Derbyshire . Hoping to become an engineer , he failed to obtain an apprenticeship to Rolls Royce because of his stammer , he started his first job , in an advertising agency in Derby , aged 16 , and then worked in Walsall and Birmingham . He took evening classes in drawing , where he met his wife , Ethel and he served in the RAF in the Second World War as a driver in the RAF regiment . Based in the Azores he painted camouflage but also gained a reputation for painting portraits of colleagues and family members . He worked as a graphic designer when he returned to England before working as a freelance illustrator for Ladybird in the 1950s . His watercolours , along with those of Martin Aitchison , provided strong images to accompany the simple text devised by William Murray . Wingfield 's wife Ethel , as an expert in early learning , was a significant collaborator . His best-known work accompanied books in the Key Words Reading Scheme brought out by Ladybird as competition to the American Janet and John books . They conformed to stereotypes , with neat , obedient children ; Peter helping Daddy with the car or in the garden , and Jane helping Mummy in the kitchen . They featured images initially based on photography of families on new council estates of the period , a market they targeted with phenomenal success . Within a few years , new lifestyles meant that Wingfield 's images were looking out of date , so he modernised the illustrations in the 1970s . The children became scruffier , and the domestic settings changed , though the books never truly reflected the social changes of the period . Wingfield remained a freelance for most of his life and in 1989 , Ladybird returned a catalogue of around 600 original pictures to him , some of which were sold at exhibition , but many of which he retained . He lived modestly , and after retirement continued to live in the house in Little Aston , near Walsall , where he had spent his working life as an artist . Exhibitions of Wingfield 's pictures were held in Walsall in 2002 and 2003 and across the UK , organised by Ladybird enthusiasts including the writer Cressida Connolly . His works , along with the books , have increased in value in recent years as Ladybird books and their accompanying illustrations have become more fashionable and therefore more collectable . In late 2014 Ladybird books received major UK media coverage with the release of an iconic ` covers ' collection to celebrate their 100th anniversary . Many of Harry Wingfield 's illustrations were reproduced in the UK media as part of that announcement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9822644ece126485572cf71ea3d77fe5", "text": "Lucy Beresford Lucy Beresford is a British writer , broadcaster & psychotherapist , born in West Sussex . Lucy hosts a 2-hour Sex & Relationships phone-in show on LBC , and is a regular on the Press Preview for Sky News . She blogs for Huffington Post UK Lifestyle and was shortlisted for ` Dating Expert of the Year 2015 ′ by UK Dating Awards . She is on the Faculty of The School of Life and is a Fellow of the RSA . She is the author of four books . Her second novel Invisible Threads was published by Quartet Books in May 2015 and is in film development . . Hungry For Love was also published by Quartet in 2016 . Her non-fiction book , Happy Relationships : at home , work and play , is published by McGraw-Hill in the UK , Fingerprint Publishing in India and has been translated into Chinese and Brazilian Portuguese and Portuguese . Her first novel Something I 'm Not , was published by Duckworth . Her short story `` Endurance '' was published in The London Magazine and her short story `` A Tender Meditation '' was recorded as an audio story for Spoken Ink . Lucy reviews contemporary fiction for a variety of British publications including The Spectator , the New Statesman , The Literary Review and The Sunday Telegraph . She appears frequently in the national international media , providing psychological insights into topical questions , and her appearances include the Jeremy Vine Show on BBC Radio 2 , LBC , CNN , Daily Politics on BBC2 , BBC Breakfast on BBC1 , This Morning on ITV , NewsTalk on Channel 5 , and Woman 's Hour and the Today programme on BBC Radio 4 . She was the agony aunt for Healthy magazine and , before that for 5 years at Psychologies . Lucy has written for The Mail on Sunday , The Sunday Telegraph , Evening Standard and The Spectator . She has an M.A. in Psychotherapy awarded by the City University , London , and an Advanced Diploma in Integrative Psychotherapy , having studied for both at Regent 's College School of Psychotherapy and Counselling Psychology , London . She is registered with the United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy ( UKCP ) . She sees patients for the Priory Hospital , Roehampton , and privately in central London . She also has a degree in English Literature from the University of Durham . Her initial career was in finance , with Shearson Lehman Brothers and BZW .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d9c87465ae2fa37db969816c5be7a93", "text": "Abigail Adams Abigail Adams ( née Smith ; November 22 -LSB- O.S. November 11 -RSB- 1744 -- October 28 , 1818 ) was the closest advisor and wife of John Adams , as well as the mother of John Quincy Adams . She is sometimes considered to have been a Founder of the United States , and is now designated as the first Second Lady and second First Lady of the United States , although these titles were not in use at the time . Adams 's life is one of the most documented of the first ladies : she is remembered for the many letters she wrote to her husband while he stayed in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , during the Continental Congresses . John frequently sought the advice of Abigail on many matters , and their letters are filled with intellectual discussions on government and politics . In one of her more famous letters she implores her husband and his colleagues , all of whom were male , to , '' ... remember the ladies ... If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion , and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice , or Representation . '' Her letters also serve as eyewitness accounts of the American Revolutionary War home front .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e57f44a571e42172e4cc4d65d1c08e", "text": "Strange fits of passion have I known `` Strange fits of passion have I known '' is a seven-stanza poem ballad by the English Romantic poet William Wordsworth . Composed during a sojourn in Germany in 1798 , the poem was first published in the second edition of Lyrical Ballads ( 1800 ) . The poem describes the poet 's trip to his beloved Lucy 's cottage , and his thoughts on the way . Each of its seven stanzas is four lines long and has a rhyming scheme of a-b-a-b . The poem is written in iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter . In the poem , the speaker narrates a nighttime ride to the cottage of his beloved Lucy , who always looks as `` fresh as a rose in June '' . The speaker begins by saying that he has experienced `` strange fits of passion '' and will recount them only to another lover ( `` in the Lover 's ear alone , / What once to me befell . '' ) . In the five following stanzas , he recounts how he wended his way on horseback `` beneath an evening-moon '' . He crossed a lea , passed through an orchard , and began to climb a hill , atop which was Lucy 's cottage . As he `` came near , and nearer still '' to `` Lucy 's cot '' , the sinking moon appeared to follow suit . As he closely approaches the cottage , the moon vanishes from sight behind the roof . A morbid thought rises unbidden to the speaker 's mind : `` O mercy ! '' he thinks . `` If Lucy should be dead ! '' `` Strange fits of passion have I known '' is simple in form but complex in content . The dramatic first stanza ( the speaker `` will dare to tell '' of his `` strange fits of passion , '' but `` in the Lover 's ear alone '' ) quickly captivates the reader . Wordsworth then creates tension by juxtaposing the sinking moon and the approaching rider , the familiar landscape with the speaker 's strange , dreamy feelings . It is uncertain whether the Lucy of the poem was based on a historical person or was a creation of Wordsworth 's fertile imagination . If she is real , her surname and identity are unknown , though they have been the subject of much `` diligent speculation '' in literary circles . `` The one certainty is that she is not the girl of Wordsworth 's Lucy Gray . '' An earlier version of this poem ended with an extra verse : I told her this : her laughter light Is ringing in my ears : And when I think upon that night My eyes are dim with tears .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ca43bc4366e790768e296584b0ce06d", "text": "BMW PGA Championship The BMW PGA Championship , as it is currently known for sponsorship reasons , is an annual men 's professional golf tournament on the European Tour . It was founded in 1955 by the Professional Golfers ' Association , and as such was originally called the British PGA Championship . Since then it has had several sponsored names , but the phrase `` PGA Championship '' has usually been included in the name . The BMW PGA Championship is played each May over the West Course at the Wentworth Club in Surrey , England . The PGA European Tour has its headquarters at the club and as the tour 's home tournament , the BMW PGA Championship is often regarded as the flagship event on the European Tour . It has usually had the highest prize money of any event which the tour organises , but this changed in 2009 with the introduction of the Race to Dubai , and the $ 10 million Dubai World Championship at the end of the season . There are other more lucrative events than the BMW PGA Championship which are part of the European Tour schedule , such as the majors and the World Golf Championship events , but these are organised by other bodies . It is also the European Tour 's designated `` Premier event '' for the purposes of the Official World Golf Rankings , with a minimum of 64 ranking points available to the winner . The winner of the tournament is given an exemption into that season 's U.S. Open and the next three Open Championships . In 2000 , Colin Montgomerie became the only player to win three years in a row .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2055debbb9df0f4c788f0c231ff875a0", "text": "1984 Wightman Cup The 1984 Nabisco Wightman Cup was the 56th edition of the annual women 's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain . It was held at the Royal Albert Hall in London in England in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6b1f9dd2b5b596f60116130a542a82", "text": "Grand Slam Cup The Grand Slam Cup was a tennis tournament held annually at the Olympiahalle in Munich in Germany from 1990 through 1999 . The event was organized by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , which invited the best-performing players in the year 's Grand Slam events to compete in the Grand Slam Cup . The tournament was created in 1990 and was played on indoor carpet courts . From 1990 to 1996 , it was held in December but was moved to the middle of autumn from 1997 to 1999 . From 1990 to 1997 the tournament was limited to male players . A women 's Cup was added in 1998 and was held simultaneously with the men 's Cup . Throughout its existence , the Grand Slam Cup was famous for paying out the highest prize money of any tournament in tennis . The winner for the first three years of the Cup received US$ 2 million in prize money , which dipped to $ 1.625 million in 1993 , rose to $ 1.875 million in 1996 and back to $ 2 million in 1997 before falling to $ 1.3 million in 1998 . If the Cup was won by a player who had also won a Grand Slam event that year they received a bonus of $ 1 million . Prize money for the winner of the two women 's Cups was fixed at $ 800,000 . The Cup was not recognized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the course of its run , and participants did not receive points in the ATP computer rankings nor have it credited as an official career title . Following the discontinuation of the Cup in 1999 , the ATP decided to give the event full recognition and added it to players ' lists of official titles . A compromise between the ITF and the ATP was announced on December 9 , 1999 which merged the Cup with the ATP Tour World Championship , the ATP 's year-end tournament also held annually in Germany , giving birth to the ATP World Tour Finals , an official tour event . A direct result of the merging of the two competitions can still be seen in the qualification rules for the ATP World Tour Finals , which included one notable difference from those of the ATP Tour World Championship . The Tour World Championship was meant to include the top eight players on the ATP computer rankings at the end of a season , even though this could mean the exclusion of a Grand Slam champion who had not been able to earn sufficient ranking points in the rest of the year . Present Finals rules ensure the participation of a Grand Slam champion who is unable to earn a top eight ranking at the end of the season and automatic qualification for the top seven players in the computer rankings . The eighth ranked player , however , qualifies only if all Grand Slam singles champions are among the top eight . Any Grand Slam event champion who is not in the top eight but is still in the top twenty is included to the detriment of the eighth ranked player . This situation occurred at the 2004 Tennis Masters Cup , where Andre Agassi , the 8th ranked player in the ATP Champions Race , was excluded from the event in favor of Gastón Gaudio , who had won that year 's French Open but was ranked 10th at the end of the year . Pete Sampras was the most successful player at this event winning two titles out of three final appearances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e37ac4f47e76b2885bd540ad93aeeea", "text": "Leg before wicket Leg before wicket ( lbw ) is one of the ways in which a batsman can be dismissed in the sport of cricket . Following an appeal by the fielding side , the umpire may rule a batsman out lbw if the ball would have struck the wicket , but was instead intercepted by any part of the batsman 's body ( except the hand holding the bat ) . The umpire 's decision will depend on a number of criteria , including where the ball pitched , whether the ball hit in line with the wickets , and whether the batsman was attempting to hit the ball . Leg before wicket first appeared in the laws of cricket in 1774 , as batsmen began to use their pads to prevent the ball hitting their wicket . Over several years , refinements were made to clarify where the ball should pitch and to remove the element of interpreting the batsman 's intentions . The 1839 version of the law used a wording that remained in place for nearly 100 years . However , from the latter part of the 19th century , batsmen became increasingly expert at `` pad-play '' to reduce the risk of their dismissal . Following a number of failed proposals for reform , in 1935 the law was expanded , such that batsmen could be dismissed lbw even if the ball pitched outside the line of off stump . Critics felt this change made the game unattractive as it encouraged negative tactics at the expense of leg spin bowling . After considerable debate and various experiments , the law was changed again in 1972 . In an attempt to reduce pad-play the new version , which is used to this day , allowed batsmen to be out lbw in some circumstances if they did not attempt to hit the ball with their bat . Since the 1990s , the availability of television replays and , later , ball-tracking technology to assist umpires has increased the percentage of lbws in major matches . However , the accuracy of the technology and the consequences of its use remain controversial . In his 1995 survey of cricket laws , Gerald Brodribb states : `` No dismissal has produced so much argument as lbw ; it has caused trouble from its earliest days '' . Owing to its complexity , the law is widely misunderstood among the general public and has proven controversial among spectators , administrators and commentators ; lbw decisions have sometimes caused crowd trouble . Since the law 's introduction , the proportion of lbw dismissals has risen steadily through the years . Statistics reveal that the probability of a batsman being dismissed lbw in a Test match varies depending on where the match is played and which teams are playing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "932a5d7bc73e8756af47cb1b81d39aef", "text": "1992 Hopman Cup The 1992 Hopman Cup was the fourth edition to the Hopman Cup tennis event . Jakob Hlasek and Manuela Maleeva-Fragniere ( who mostly , but not in this case , played for Bulgaria ) of Switzerland beat Helena Suková and Karel Nováček of Czechoslovakia in the final at the Burswood Entertainment Complex in Perth , Australia . The tournament took place between 27 December 1991 through 3 January 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9201b893ca044ee151d3e288e9111bf7", "text": "Lori Otter Lori Otter ( née Easley ) ( born 1967 in Pensacola , Florida ) is an American educator , author , and former beauty queen who has served as First Lady of Idaho since 2007 . She was crowned Miss Idaho USA in 1991 . Otter is married to the present Governor of Idaho , C. L. `` Butch '' Otter . Otter moved to Idaho as a child and graduated from Kimberly High School . She received a teaching degree from Boise State University and a master 's degree in Education , Curriculum and Instruction , and Educational Administration from Northwest Nazarene University . Otter taught K-12 physical education , English , and health . She coached girls basketball and volleyball at the junior high and high school levels for 13 years , in the Meridian School District in Meridian , Idaho . Otter won the Miss Idaho USA title in 1991 and represented Idaho in the Miss USA 1991 pageant broadcast live from Wichita , Kansas in February 1991 . The pageant was won by Kelli McCarty of Kansas . During her year as Miss Idaho USA , she met Butch Otter , who was then serving as Lieutenant Governor of Idaho . She returned to Idaho in 1995 after teaching and coaching in Arizona . Lori and Butch were married in Meridian , Idaho on August 18 , 2006 . Butch Otter was elected Governor of Idaho in November 2006 , and , upon taking office two months later , Lori Easley Otter became First Lady of Idaho . A former marathon runner , Otter jogs and rides horses . Otter currently resides in Star .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c5bdb262c36445d692ab4a2eb2961e0", "text": "Lucy Young Lucy Young ( born September 9 , 1954 in Waterbury , Connecticut ) is an American naval officer . In 1980 she became the first woman to qualify in Naval Air Combat Maneuvering ( ACM ) . After that , she became an ACM instructor . At that time , female aviators were barred from combat duty stations . After she retired from the Navy , she got a job at a legacy carrier and became one of the first female captains . Females had first been allowed to fly military aircraft in 1974 . The first female pilots to be qualified in any type of aircraft have been graduated by the United States Air Force in 1978 . Female military personnel were first authorized to be posted to combat stations in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c30a3b2d5632a1d625b9e10eb645158e", "text": "Luci Baines Johnson Luci Baines Johnson ( born July 2 , 1947 ) is an American businesswoman and philanthropist . She is the younger daughter of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his wife , former First Lady Lady Bird Johnson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f415df10334b4fba5acc3600fdc71336", "text": "Lady Teresa Waugh Lady Teresa Lorraine Waugh ( née Onslow ; born 26 February 1940 ) is a British novelist and translator . She is the daughter of the 6th Earl of Onslow and his first wife , Pamela Dillon . On 1 July 1961 , Lady Teresa married the author Auberon Waugh , eldest son of Evelyn Waugh . Lady Teresa has translated such works as Anka Muhlstein 's A Taste For Freedom : The life of Astolphe de Custine ( 2000 ) , Benedetta Craveri 's Madame Du Deffand and Her World ( 1994 ) and The Travels of Marco Polo ( 1984 ) . She has also written her own novels , including Painting Water ( 1983 ) , Waterloo Waterloo ( 1985 ) , Intolerable Burden ( 1987 ) , Song at Twilight ( 1989 ) , The House ( 2002 ) , Sylvia 's Lot ( 1994 ) , The Entertaining Book ( 1986 ) and The Gossips ( 1995 ) . Auberon and Lady Teresa Waugh had four children together : Margaret Sophia Laura Waugh ( born 1962 ) Alexander Evelyn Michael Waugh ( born 1963 ) Daisy Louisa Dominica Waugh ( born 1967 ) Nathaniel Thomas Biafra Waugh ( born 1968 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e3acb87b8cec0ff8aba60000f39e56a", "text": "Joseph Phillips (cricketer, born 1881) Joseph Herbert Phillips ( 2 December 1881 -- 15 January 1951 ) was an English cricketer active in first-class cricket from 1904 -- 1911 . He played as a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast bowler . The son of William Garside Phillips , the founder of the Ansley Hall Coal and Iron Company , he was born at Ansley Hall in the Warwickshire village of Ansley on 2 December 1881 . Phillips made his debut in first-class cricket for Warwickshire against London County in 1904 at Coventry . He would have to wait until 1910 for his next first-class match , which came when Warwickshire played Northamptonshire in the County Championship . He made three further appearances in 1910 , before playing a final first-class match in 1911 against Leicestershire . He had little success as a first-class cricketer , scoring 35 runs across his six matches , with a high score of 16 . With the ball in hand he took just one wicket from a total of 41 overs bowled . Outside of cricket Phillips was by profession a mining engineer . He married Dorothea Mary Land in 1912 , with the couple having two sons ; their eldest son , Joseph Anthony Moore Phillips , would become a lieutenant colonel in the British Army and would later become the Deputy Lieutenant of the now defunct county of Humberside , while their youngest son , Peter William Garside Phillips would become a major in the army . Both would become highly decorated officers . Peter 's son , Mark Phillips , would become a successful Olympic gold-medal-winning horseman for Great Britain , and would marry Anne , Princess Royal , with whom he would have two children , Peter Phillips and Zara Phillips . He died at Oldbury Grange in Nuneaton , Warwickshire on 15 January 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e00f468a020b19ffcd0509c55d2d64ca", "text": "2003 Hopman Cup The 2003 Hopman Cup ( also known as the Hyundai Hopman Cup for sponsorship reasons ) was the fifteenth edition of the Hopman Cup tennis sporting event , held on 28 December 2002 through 4 January 2003 at the Burswood Entertainment Complex in Perth , Australia . The champions are Serena Williams and James Blake of the United States , who defeated Alicia Molik and Lleyton Hewitt of Australia in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eee975b6eeab2fe09740351bc9adc9c3", "text": "Lincolnshire Day Lincolnshire Day is celebrated every year on 1 October and marks the anniversary of the Lincolnshire Rising , a revolt by Catholics against the establishment of the Church of England by Henry VIII in 1536 . The first official Lincolnshire Day was held in 2006 to commemorate the uprising . The date was voted for by readers of Lincolnshire Life magazine and BBC Radio Lincolnshire listeners . The day aims to encourage local people , often known as yellowbellies , and those who have moved from the county to honour the historical event along with Lincolnshire 's traditions , past and culture . Some people dress up in yellow to celebrate the day , while others hold local events and decorate their workplaces with Lincolnshire flags . The home of Lincolnshire sausages , Batemans Brewery and Lincolnshire Poacher cheese to name a few , Lincolnshire remains a rural county renowned for its foods and drinks distributed locally and across the UK . It is also home to the famous Red Arrows RAF display team , Lincoln Cathedral , the Lincolnshire Wolds and original copies of the Magna Carta ( 1215 ) and Charter of the Forest ( 1217 ) , the only place to hold copies of both . Many famous people have come from the county , including Sir Isaac Newton -- scientist , Alfred Lord Tennyson - Poet Laureate , Baroness Thatcher -- Prime Minister , Matthew Flinders -- explorer , Joseph Banks -- explorer and botanist , George Boole -- mathematician , Tony Jacklin CBE -- golfer , Dame Joan Plowright -- actress and Jim Broadbent -- actor . Lincolnshire Day is supported by county businesses and organisations including BBC Lincolnshire , Lincolnshire Co-operative , The Lincolnite , Lincolnshire Business , the Lincolnshire Echo , Lincolnshire Tourism , Lincoln Cathedral , Lincolnshire Life , Lincoln BIG , Tastes of Lincolnshire , Lincolnshire County Council , Shooting Star PR , POP Design , and the Lincolnshire Sports Partnership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27bd65f5822b67bf46376cd57a4c2b4c", "text": "Germany at the Hopman Cup Germany is a nation that has competed at fourteen Hopman Cup tournaments and first competed in the inaugural Hopman Cup in 1989 ( competing in 1989 under the name West Germany ) . Germany reached the final for three consecutive years between 1993 and 1995 , finishing as the runners-up in 1994 but winning the tournament on the other two occasions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51250aca596fe920388af48aa0da025a", "text": "Edgar and Lucy Henriques House The Edgar and Lucy Henriques House at 20 Old Pali Place in Honolulu , Hawaii was built in 1904 for the Henriques couple , who had married in 1898 . Edgar Henriques was a businessman who had arrived in Hawaii from New York City in 1896 . Lucy was of high-born Hawaiian alii heritage , descended from Isaac Davis , a British seaman who served as advisor to Kamehameha I in dealing with foreigners and in conquering the other islands . Lucy 's aunt , Lucy Kaopaulu Peabody , built the house for the couple and also lived there herself until her death in 1928 . It stands as one of the best-preserved and few surviving examples of a grand `` kamaaina '' dwelling from the end of the 19th century , with a covered porte-cochere and wraparound lānai ; a splendid , wide-open interior ; and large doors and windows that could easily be opened to tropical breezes . Its architect was Thomas Gill , father of Thomas P. Gill , and it was listed on the Hawaii and National Register of Historic Places in 1984 . Lucy Kalanikumaikiekie Henriques was active in the Daughters of Hawaii , the Hawaiian Historical Society ( HHS ) , and the Kaahumanu Society . Her husband Edgar was a prominent member of the business community and also active in the HHS , publishing occasional studies on traditional Hawaiian history and culture . Edgar and Lucy had a large collection of Hawaiian cultural artifacts , which are now in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum . In 1932 , Lucy Henriques willed land and a trust fund to establish a medical facility at Mahahikilua in Kamuela , Hawaii . After many delays , the Lucy Henriques Medical Center finally opened in 1977 , eventually merging with North Hawaii Community Hospital in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7706353a69e60d9b59b3d0e2f7155ff8", "text": "List of sports rivalries A sports rivalry is intense competition between athletic teams or athletes . This pressure of competition is felt by players , coaches , and management , but is perhaps felt strongest by the fans . The intensity of the rivalry varies from a friendly competition on one end to serious violence on the other that , in one case ( the Football War ) , was suggested to have led to military conflicts . Owners typically encourage rivalries as they tend to improve game attendance and television ratings for rivalry matches , but a rivalry that gets out of control can lead to fighting , hooliganism , rioting and some , with career-ending or even fatal consequences . Rivalries stem from various sources . Simple geographic proximity as well as frequent meetings in important games can lead to rivalries . Games between two rivals of close geographical proximity are usually called a local derby , or simply just derby ( UK : -LSB- 'd ɑrbi -RSB- or US : -LSB- ˈdɜrbi -RSB- ) ; a sporting fixture between two teams from the same town , city or region , particularly in association football . The phrase most likely originated from The Derby , a horse race in England , founded by the 12th Earl of Derby in 1780 , since at least as early as 1840 ` derby ' has been used as a noun in English to denote any kind of sporting contest . In the United States , the term crosstown rivalry is more commonly encountered for this type of rivalry . The town of Derby was renowned as the site of a chaotic and exuberant game that involved the whole town and often resulted in fatalities . The goals were at Nuns Mill in the north and the Gallows Balk in the south of the town , and much of the action took place in the River Derwent or the Markeaton Brook . Nominally the players came from All Saints ' and St Peter 's parishes , but in practice the game was a free-for-all with as many as 1,000 players . A Frenchman who observed the match in 1829 wrote in horror , ` if Englishmen call this play , it would be impossible to say what they call fighting ' . The traditional Shrovetide football match is commonplace in the town of Ashbourne , Derbyshire . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f085e2b4b700c8acf58d4249fcbf647", "text": "1969 Ryder Cup The 18th Ryder Cup Matches were held 18 -- 20 September 1969 at the Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport , England . The competition ended in a draw at 16 points each , when America 's Jack Nicklaus conceded a missable three-foot ( 0.9 m ) putt to Britain 's Tony Jacklin at the 18th hole , in one of the most famous gestures of sportsmanship in all of sport . It was the first draw in Ryder Cup history , and the United States team retained the Cup . The matches were marred by considerable acrimony and unsportsmanlike behavior by players on both sides . Britain 's captain Eric Brown had instructed his players not to search for the opposition 's ball if it ended up in the rough . American Ken Still , in the first-day foursomes , had deliberately and regularly stood too close to Briton Maurice Bembridge as he was putting . During one of the fourballs on the second day , both captains had to come out and calm down the warring players . This led to Nicklaus conceding Jacklin 's final putt with the knowledge that the overall competition would end in a draw . On the previous hole , Jacklin sank a long eagle putt while Nicklaus missed his from 15 ft and the match was squared . Jacklin had won the Open Championship two months earlier at nearby Royal Lytham & St Annes to become the first British champion in eighteen years . After holing his final putt for par , Nicklaus picked up Jacklin 's ball marker and told him , `` I do n't think you would have missed it , but I was n't going to give you the chance , either . '' Playing in his first Ryder Cup at age 29 , Nicklaus ' gesture became known as `` the concession '' and marked the beginning of a lasting friendship between the two that has spanned nearly a half century . It was the inspiration for The Concession Golf Club in Florida near Sarasota , which was co-designed by Nicklaus and Jacklin . The two were opposing captains in the competition in 1983 and 1987 . The U.S. team had only two players with previous Ryder Cup experience , Billy Casper and Gene Littler . On the previous four teams , Arnold Palmer did not participate in 1969 , but returned in 1971 and 1973 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
02e6b6c5760054204540db7bab1fd341	Boomerang (1992 film) was released on July 1st, 1992.	[ { "docid": "ccbf2622381ee61035f01cbeef30ef3e", "text": "Boomerang (1992 film) Boomerang is a 1992 American romantic comedy film directed by Reginald Hudlin . The film stars Eddie Murphy as Marcus Graham , a hotshot advertising executive who also happens to be an insatiable womanizer and male chauvinist . When he meets his new boss , Jacqueline Broyer ( Robin Givens ) , before Marcus discovers that she is essentially a female version of himself , and realizes he is receiving the same treatment that he delivers to others . The film also features Halle Berry , David Alan Grier , Martin Lawrence and Chris Rock . Murphy assisted in developing the story with writers Barry W. Blaustein and David Sheffield , having worked with the writing duo since his days on Saturday Night Live . Murphy hired Hudlin to direct Boomerang , following the latter 's success with his debut film House Party ( 1990 ) . Hudlin and the writers aimed to create a romantic comedy that differed strongly from Murphy 's previous comic efforts . Filming took place mainly in New York City , while other scenes were filmed in Washington , D.C. Boomerang was released in the United States on July 1 , 1992 . The film was the 18th highest grossing film in North America that year . Boomerang earned over $ 131 million worldwide during its theatrical run . The film garnered nominations at the BMI Film & TV Awards and the MTV Movie Awards , while its soundtrack became a top-selling album .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "877d814a78a6157aa1765e5bf5e76223", "text": "1992 in comics", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb5e0ea889f1425cd12d81fd25013bad", "text": "Boom (P.O.D. song) `` Boom '' is a song by American rock band P.O.D. . It was released in May 2002 as the third single from their second major label studio album Satellite . While it did not chart as well as the album 's previous singles , the song has appeared significantly in film and television . `` Boom ( The Crystal Method remix ) '' was included on the remix album Community Service and as a bonus track on the special edition re-release of Satellite available August 27 , 2002 . A limited edition , gatefold picture disc of the single was also available in the UK . Following the September 11 , 2001 attacks , `` Boom '' was the only P.O.D. song included on the list of songs deemed inappropriate by Clear Channel Communications . The single 's release followed a highly successful yet dark , brooding tone in `` Youth of the Nation '' . Guitarist Marcos Curiel stated , `` We wanted to go back to the spirit we had with ` Alive ' and have a song that encourages people to be happy and thankful that they 're alive ... We wanted to say , ` Let 's not forget how to have fun this time . ' ` Boom ' is just raw , in your face . When we play it live , the crowd just goes nuts . Fists are in the air and the pit 's going . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0782aef3726d7f207d2862ffbc5597fc", "text": "Moby (album) Moby is the debut studio album by American electronica musician Moby , released in July 1992 by record label Instinct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52e9935752f4db8d70fe09381f0fdecc", "text": "The Mighty Ducks The Mighty Ducks is a 1992 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Herek , starring Emilio Estevez . It was produced by The Kerner Entertainment Company and Avnet -- Kerner Productions and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the first film in the Mighty Ducks trilogy . In the UK , South Africa and Australia , the film was retitled Champions . Subsequently , UK home releases are now titled The Mighty Ducks Are the Champions , reflecting both titles , as well as to possibly avoid confusion with the sequel ( retitled as just The Mighty Ducks ) . The year after the film 's release , an NHL hockey club , named the `` Mighty Ducks '' in reference to the film , was founded in Anaheim , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "340a95fdab018bfb327e9e7be22be638", "text": "Super Star Wars Super Star Wars is a 1992 video game for the Super NES based on the 1977 film Star Wars . It is the SNES equivalent of the Star Wars NES game . Super Star Wars features mostly run and gun gameplay , although it has stages which feature other challenges , such as driving a landspeeder or piloting an X-wing . It also features multiple playable characters with different abilities . The game was followed by two sequels based on the subsequent Star Wars films , Super Star Wars : The Empire Strikes Back and Super Star Wars : Return of the Jedi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcfb863eb9ffab9893fca12c5e9b8955", "text": "1995 in film This is a list of films released in 1995 . The first feature-length computer-animated film Toy Story was the year 's biggest box-office hit , and Braveheart won the Academy Award for Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f249cc4b7a1abf68b52bd5ad009cd860", "text": "Born on the Fourth of July (film) Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American biographical war drama film based on the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic . Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic , in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination . Oliver Stone ( himself a Vietnam veteran ) co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic , and also produced and directed the film . Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam , but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized , it was instead filmed in the Philippines . The film is considered part of Stone 's `` trilogy '' of films about the Vietnam War -- following Platoon ( 1986 ) and preceding Heaven & Earth ( 1993 ) . Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two , for Best Director and Best Film Editing ; it also won four Golden Globe Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 161,001,698 worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45cca4f2ca741aa9586b00163ae81265", "text": "The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels . Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12ed01cfca43018e6838521bf96aff3f", "text": "Mr. Saturday Night Mr. Saturday Night is a 1992 American comedy-drama film that marks the directorial debut of its star , Billy Crystal . It focuses on the rise and fall of Buddy Young Jr. , a stand-up comedian . Crystal produced and co-wrote the screenplay with the writing duo Babaloo Mandel and Lowell Ganz . It was filmed from November 1991 to March 1992 and released on September 23 , 1992 , by Columbia Pictures . Co-star David Paymer received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . The opening title sequence was designed by Elaine and Saul Bass . The film is based on the Saturday Night Live Weekend Update sketch in which Billy Crystal plays Buddy Young Jr. reviewing a restaurant he went to .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8e0570eac7cdd92a5f184ef275d4a0c", "text": "The Stone Gate The Stone Gate ( Kamenita vrata ) is a Croatian film directed by Ante Babaja . It was released in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f9627831de3636f4ff32e856aa66333", "text": "Changchun Film Festival The Changchun Film Festival is a biennial international film festival held in the Chinese city of Changchun . Ostensibly international , its award for best film , the Golden Deer has nevertheless primarily been awarded to Chinese and other East Asia-region films . It was first held in 1992 and was founded in part by the Changchun Film Studio ( now the Changchun Film Studio Group Corporation ) . The festival is funded in part by the Ministry of Radio , Cinema , and Television , the provincial government of Jilin , and the Changchun municipal government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6f8b7d932856b0cd0ed38c2bceda85e", "text": "Boomerang (The Creatures album) Boomerang is the second album to be released by British duo the Creatures ( a.k.a. singer Siouxsie Sioux and musician Budgie ) . The album was recorded in Andalusia , Spain . It featured brass arrangements including trumpet , trombone and saxophone . Boomerang received widespread critical acclaim from British music critics , who praised Siouxsie 's vocals and the choice of a wide range of musical styles on the album , including blues , jazz and Spanish styles such as flamenco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24805a88e9aec3f3470e5ab29120c6df", "text": "Pure Country Pure Country is a 1992 American dramatic musical western film directed by Christopher Cain and starring George Strait in his acting debut , with Lesley Ann Warren , Isabel Glasser and Kyle Chandler . The film was considered a box office bomb , however , the soundtrack was a critical success and , to date , is Strait 's best selling album . The film was followed by two sequels , Pure Country 2 : The Gift ( 2010 ) and Pure Country : Pure Heart ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ade8e905126a4f90203747c89099e708", "text": "Fleur de pierre Fleur de pierre is a 1992 film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f8123c62090af2b4b0fa6315b48c072", "text": "Invader (film) Invader is a 1992 direct-to-video science fiction film by Philip J. Cook , starring Hans Bachmann , A. Thomas Smith and Rick Foucheux . It is the story of a journalist who uncovers an extraterrestrial entity taking over an air force base in Washington , D.C. and must foil its plans of world domination . Most of Invader was produced independently in 1989 by Philip Cook and producer John Ellis , since Cook 's previous film Beyond the Rising Moon had not been enough of a success to attract investors . Cook shot all the inexpensive dialogue sequences , and the result impressed Menahem Golan such that he agreed to finance the remainder of the film . Invader was originally released on VHS by Trimark and LaserDisc by Pioneer Corporation , and earned some positive reviews . In 2006 , Invader was recut by Cook 's production company Eagle Films for its DVD release . The new release features CGI special effects to augment the in-camera effects from 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3cc9f2d99757a8670d3e43b888d9a5a", "text": "Boom! (TV series) This article concerns the series about creating explosions . For the game show , see Boom ! ( 2015 TV series ) . Boom ! is an American reality television series that aired on Spike TV in 2005 and was hosted by Kourtney Klein . It featured a group of demolition experts using explosives to destroy objects such as trailers , houses , boats and cars . Often , the suggestions on what should be blown up were sent in by home viewers via a `` BOOM ! Mailbag '' . Each episode covered obtaining the materials ( such as the item to be destroyed ) , cleaning , gutting , and rigging the thing with explosives , and then making the final countdown and pushing the detonator , and watching the devastation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3cd54fe313bf4a4bdd987479c0a3f5", "text": "Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other . After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film . The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights . However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84bd95ee377d47b14e614034ea9b73f3", "text": "Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation Tiny Toon Adventures : How I Spent My Vacation is a 1992 American direct-to-video animated comedy film from Warner Bros. . Animation and Amblin Entertainment . Featuring the regular characters from the animated program Tiny Toon Adventures , the film follows them during their summer vacation from school , mainly focused on Babs and Buster going downriver , Plucky and Hamton going to a world-famous amusement park , and Fifi in search of her favorite movie star . Steven Spielberg was the executive producer of the film , which was written by Paul Dini , Nicholas Hollander , Tom Ruegger , and Sherri Stoner . Japanese studio Tokyo Movie Shinsha produced the animation . How I Spent My Vacation was released on VHS and LaserDisc formats on March 11 , 1992 . It was the first animated film to be released direct-to-video in the United States . The film was later aired on television as four separate Tiny Toon Adventures episodes . The film was one of the highest selling videos in the United States , listing on Billboard magazine 's 40 `` Top Video Sales '' for 16 weeks as of July 1992 . Points of praise by critics included the film 's jokes and celebrity caricatures , while points of criticism included the segmented plot . Themes of the film included parodies of pop culture and summer vacations .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7a9a87411fcf1a1278bff7c3d27414a0	Usher released an album in 1997.	[ { "docid": "2366c8a44fdac0c501559657649befbf", "text": "Usher (musician) Usher Raymond IV ( born October 14 , 1978 ) is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , and actor . Born in Dallas , Texas but raised and lived in Chattanooga , Tennessee until moving to Atlanta , Georgia . At the age of 12 , his mother put him in local singing competitions , before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records . In 1994 , he released his self-titled debut album , Usher . He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his sophomore album My Way ( 1997 ) , which spawned his first U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one single , `` Nice & Slow '' , amongst top-two singles `` You Make Me Wan na ... '' and `` My Way '' . 8701 ( 2001 ) produced the number-one singles `` U Remind Me '' and `` U Got It Bad '' , and top-three single `` U Do n't Have to Call '' . It sold 8 million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003 . Confessions ( 2004 ) established him as one of the best-selling musical artists of the 2000s decade , selling 20 million copies worldwide . Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles ; `` Yeah ! '' , `` Burn '' , `` Confessions Part II '' , and `` My Boo '' , it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA . Here I Stand ( 2008 ) and Raymond v. Raymond ( 2010 ) , debuted atop of the Billboard 200 , and produced the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` Love in This Club '' and `` OMG '' . The EP , Versus , also produced the Hot 100 top-five single `` DJ Got Us Fallin ' in Love '' . Looking 4 Myself ( 2012 ) , also debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart and produced the Hot 100 top-ten single `` Scream '' . Raymond v. Raymond and Looking 4 Myself received Grammy Awards for R&B singles `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Climax '' . Hard II Love ( 2016 ) peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 albums chart . Usher has sold 23.8 million albums and 38.2 million digital songs in the United States . To date , his worldwide sales stand at 43 million albums and 75 million records overall , making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time . Usher has won numerous awards and accolades including 18 Billboard Music Awards and 8 Grammy Awards . At the end of 2009 , Billboard named him the second most successful artist of the 2000s decade , the number-one Hot 100 artist of the 2000s decade , and ranked Confessions as the top solo album of the 2000s decade . Billboard also placed him at number 6 on their list of `` Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years '' . Usher has attained 9 US Hot 100 number-one singles . Considered an icon and sex symbol , he was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame and Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2008 , he started his own record label Raymond-Braun Media Group ( RBMG ) ; a joint venture with talent manager Scooter Braun that includes Canadian singer Justin Bieber .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "371df6227350c1cb73412059946441d1", "text": "The Prodigy discography English electronic music group The Prodigy has released six studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , one mix album , three extended plays , twenty-one singles and twenty-two music videos . Hailed as pioneers of genres such as rave , techno and big beat , the group have sold over 20 million albums worldwide . The Prodigy 's first release was the 1991 EP What Evil Lurks . Experience , the group 's debut studio album , was released in September 1992 . It peaked at number 12 in the United Kingdom and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Experience spawned the singles `` Charly '' , `` Everybody in the Place '' , `` Fire '' / `` Jericho '' , `` Out of Space '' and `` Wind It Up ( Rewound ) '' , all of which were top 12 hits in the United Kingdom . Music for the Jilted Generation , the group 's second studio album , was released in July 1994 . The album peaked at number one in the UK , also reaching the top ten in countries such as Australia and New Zealand . Earning a platinum certification from the BPI , Music for the Jilted Generation spawned the UK top ten singles `` One Love '' and `` No Good ( Start the Dance ) '' . The Prodigy 's third studio album The Fat of the Land was released in June 1997 , becoming a huge commercial success . The album peaked at number one in multiple countries , including the United Kingdom and the United States . The Fat of the Land received multi-platinum certifications from the BPI , the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . `` Firestarter '' , the album 's first single , peaked at number one in the United Kingdom and hit the top ten in multiple other countries . It also gave the group their biggest hit in the United States , where it peaked at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the RIAA . The album 's second single `` Breathe '' also performed well commercially , reaching the top ten in multiple countries and becoming the group 's second consecutive UK number-one hit . `` Smack My Bitch Up '' , the album 's final single , peaked at number 8 in the UK . The group released their fourth studio album Always Outnumbered , Never Outgunned in August 2004 . Their style had changed from rave and breakbeat to more of an electronic rock style . The album topped the charts in the United Kingdom , earning a silver certification from the BPI . Always Outnumbered , Never Outgunned spawned three singles , including the UK top 20 hit `` Girls '' . Invaders Must Die , the group 's fifth studio album , was released in February 2009 . The album became the band 's fourth consecutive studio album to top the charts in the UK . Among its four singles were the UK top ten hits `` Omen '' and `` Warrior 's Dance '' , both of which received silver certifications from the BPI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26cea62ceab8d40a721c65321e27f02d", "text": "Your Secret Love Your Secret Love is the tenth studio album by American R&B recording artist Luther Vandross , released on October 1 , 1996 ( see 1996 in music ) . The album 's title track won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance and was nominated for Best R&B Song in 1997 . It was his final album for Epic Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae461b624ecc0e28aed0b203858f26e0", "text": "Dirty Dancer `` Dirty Dancer '' is a song by Spanish recording artist Enrique Iglesias and American recording artist Usher , recorded for Iglesias ' sixth studio album , Euphoria , and included on Usher 's EP Versus . A remix of the song , which features American rapper Lil Wayne and American singer Nayer , was released on 9 May 2011 by Universal Music Group as the sixth single from Euphoria . Written by the two singers with Evan Bogart , Erika Nuri and David Quiñones and producer RedOne , `` Dirty Dancer '' is a dance-pop song with rave music influences . The album version of `` Dirty Dancer '' appeared on the UK Singles Chart , the Dutch Single Top 100 and the Slovakian Radio Top 100 Oficiálna , while the single version entered the Australian Singles Chart , the New Zealand Singles Chart and the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 . An Ethan Lader-directed music video for `` Dirty Dancer '' has the three artists watching holographic dancers in nightclubs.The single has already been certified Gold in Australia and USA . The song was covered by the Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation as part of their weekly radio covers in promotion for their upcoming event , Elements and was included on their April 2013 cover album The Q-Music Sessions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93b266e1e5259039e05bea4732265541", "text": "Lovers and Friends (song) `` Lovers and Friends '' is a song by Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz . It was released in November 2004 as the third single from the group 's album Crunk Juice . The single features fellow American singer-songwriter Usher and American rapper Ludacris , who had collaborated with Lil Jon on Usher 's hit single `` Yeah ! '' earlier that year . The single peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . The B-Side `` Real N *** a Roll Call '' features westcoast rapper Ice Cube , and was released as the second single in September 2004 . `` Lovers and Friends '' contains an interpolation of a song by the same name and performed by Michael Sterling from his 1990 album Trouble .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8d8bd8ea47b3a551da7321b96d3e440", "text": "Big Willie Style Big Willie Style is the debut solo studio album by American rapper Will Smith . It was released on November 25 , 1997 , by Columbia Records . Recording sessions took place from 1996 to 1997 , with a range of several record producers that Will was working with such as Poke & Tone and his former collaborator DJ Jazzy Jeff on the album . The album reached the top ten on both the US Billboard 200 and the UK Albums Chart , and later became a certified multi-platinum in a number of regions and countries . The album was supported by five singles : `` Men in Black '' , `` Just Cruisin ' '' , `` Gettin ' Jiggy wit It '' , `` Just the Two of Us '' and `` Miami '' . After releasing five albums as part of the duo DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince , Smith turned his focus to acting , starring in films such as Bad Boys and Independence Day . During the same period he recorded his first solo album , including the single `` Men in Black '' , which is the theme song to the film of the same name , which topped singles charts in a number of countries . Big Willie Style went on to become Smith 's most commercially successful album , earning him a number of music awards and nominations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "723f6b9d37bc3e99df2e9cfa36ad5a47", "text": "Human Being (album) Human Being is the third album by Seal , released in 1998 . The title track was written about late rappers Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. Human Being received mixed reviews ranging from being panned for its overtly dark and moody feel , to being described in terms such as `` pop perfection '' . The album failed to sell in the same way as his 1994 multi-platinum album , Seal . However , it is a fan favourite and was inspired by his then-girlfriend , Tyra Banks and their breakup . A remix of `` Lost My Faith '' was featured over the closing credits of the 1999 film Entrapment , and the song 's single release was accompanied by a music video in which Seal is integrated into scenes from the film alongside Sean Connery and Catherine Zeta-Jones . The album sold over 500,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d62f7bdb9d71b4c73e2789f5ff810d1b", "text": "Marigold Sky Marigold Sky is the fifteenth studio album by Hall & Oates , released in 1997 on Push Records . It would be their last album of new material until 2003 's Do It for Love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2f091438a54f0ce9dc92827d6ce8d59", "text": "ColleGrove ColleGrove is the third studio album by American hip hop recording artist 2 Chainz . It was released on March 4 , 2016 , by Def Jam Recordings . The album is the debut LP between 2 Chainz and fellow American rapper Lil Wayne under the stage name ColleGrove , but due to Wayne 's ongoing lawsuit with Cash Money Records , only 2 Chainz was credited as the primary artist . The album includes production from several high-profile record producers ; including Mike Will Made It , TM88 , Infamous , Zaytoven , Lil ' C , Metro Boomin , Ben Billions and London on da Track , among others . ColleGrove received generally positive reviews from critics and it debuted at number 4 on the US Billboard 200 . Complex awarded it the 29th best album of 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "850404dc0755d674fa8faef42ced7745", "text": "Still Serious Still Serious is the second album released by rapper Big Mike , which was released on April 8 , 1997 , on Rap-a-Lot Records and featured production from Mike B. , Mike Dean , Loranzo Samuels , and Tone Capone . It also premiered recording artist/producer Tre ` mendous , who was featured on four songs on the album on under the moniker III ( Tre ' ) . This album proved to be the most successful of Big Mike 's solo releases , peaking at # 16 on the Billboard 200 and # 3 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d1b80717014a49c44b43d31e9f96438", "text": "Embrya Embrya is the second studio album by American recording artist Maxwell , released on June 30 , 1998 , by Columbia Records . As on his 1996 debut album Maxwell 's Urban Hang Suite , he collaborated with record producer and Sade collaborator Stuart Matthewman . A neo soul album , Embrya features heavy basslines , string arrangements , and an emphasis on groove over melodies . It has themes of love and spirituality . Embrya sold more than one million copies and garnered Maxwell a new alternative fanbase , but confounded urban consumers and was not well received by most critics . The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce305e58766f2b93298c34816ec3a3f5", "text": "Wake Up and Say Goodbye Wake Up and Say Goodbye is the sixth album by solo artist David Usher , released on September 23 , 2008 . Was nominated for a Juno award in 2009 for `` Pop Album of the Year '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49889d0096e127cb767dac7b1342e9d8", "text": "The Source Presents: Hip Hop Hits The Source Presents : Hip Hop Hits is the first annual music compilation album to be contributed by The Source magazine . Released December 16 , 1997 and distributed through Polygram Records , Hip Hop Hits Volume 1 features eighteen hip hop and rap hits . It went to number 25 on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart ( making it the highest charting Hip Hop Hits album on that chart to date ) and peaked at number 38 on the Billboard 200 album chart . Five tracks on the album had reached number-one on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart : `` Bow Down , '' `` Ca n't Nobody Hold Me Down '' , `` Crush on You , '' `` Elevators '' and `` Hypnotize '' . Two of the songs , `` Hypnotize '' and `` Ca n't Nobody Hold Me Down '' reached number-one on the Billboard R&B / Hip-Hop and pop charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49124d13496f80c1bc7a477ce15cc933", "text": "The Untouchable The Untouchable is the fourth studio album by American rapper Scarface . The album was released on March 11 , 1997 , by Rap-a-Lot Records . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart for the first time in his career with the album ; in addition it peaked at the top of the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for two weeks , giving Scarface his second number one album there . The effort included the smash hit single , `` Smile '' , featuring Tupac Shakur , released shortly after the shooting deaths of Tupac and Notorious B.I.G. . It peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and is the only single released by Scarface to go Gold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfd144319785522649d0769defead99", "text": "Invincible (Michael Jackson album) Invincible is the final studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson , released on October 30 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Similar to Jackson 's previous material , Invincible explores themes such as love , romance , isolation , media criticism , and social issues . It was his sixth studio album released through Epic label . An extensive and laborious album to make , Jackson started production in 1997 , and did not finish until eight weeks before the album 's October 2001 release . Jackson recorded in over 10 different studios , and the final cost was over thirty million dollars . Combined with twenty five million toward the cost of promoting the album , Invincible is the most expensive album ever made . The album peaked at number one in eleven territories worldwide , including the United States ( with first-week sales of 363,000 units ) , the United Kingdom , Australia , France and Switzerland . Invincible charted within the top ten in six other territories . Upon release , the album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics . Invincible was one of the best-selling of 2001 , being ranked at # 9 on the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 's ( IFPI ) Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4d9118ff5e1f0ecacdfc142eb3f4df", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1997 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical sales and airplay . There were nine singles that peaked atop the charts , but if `` Un-Break My Heart '' is excluded from the count ( for the song started its peak in the previous year ) , the total would be eight , the second lowest for a single year , tied with 1996 and subsequently , 2005 . The longest running number-one single of 1997 is `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' / `` Something About the Way You Look Tonight '' , which logged 14 weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 . Two of those weeks were logged in 1998 while the remaining 12 were attained in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cc598411b2f29021a4b84c3045f5bc1", "text": "Lil Freak `` Lil Freak '' is a song by American recording artist Usher , taken from his sixth studio album , Raymond v. Raymond . Featuring guest vocals by Trinidadian recording artist Nicki Minaj , the song was written by her , Usher , Ester Dean , Blac Elvis and Polow da Don , the latter two producing the track . Its hook is based on a manipulated sample of American soul musician Stevie Wonder 's 1973 hit , `` Living for the City '' . `` Lil Freak '' was released as the second single from the album in the United States and Canada on March 2 , 2010 . Carrying a dark tone , composed of heavy bass beats derived from R&B and hip hop music , the lyrics are about the thrill of orchestrating a ménage à trois in a club . The song received positive reviews from critics who complimented its sensual nature . It peaked at number 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 , and eight on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs , becoming Usher 's 16th top ten hit on the latter chart . The song 's accompanying music video has a secret society concept , dealing with an underground club , playing on the storyline of the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f81c8329eaa63486e815ea5a781a55a", "text": "Booty Call (soundtrack) Booty Call is the soundtrack to the 1997 film of the same name . It was released on February 25 , 1997 through Jive Records and consisted of a blend of contemporary R&B and hip hop . The soundtrack was a success , peaking at 24 on the Billboard 200 and 4 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . It was first certified Gold on April 28 , 1997 , before earning a Platinum certification on November 18 , 1998 . Three singles also made it to the charts , `` Call Me '' by Too Short and Lil ' Kim , `` Can We '' by SWV featuring Missy Elliott , and `` Do n't Wan na Be a Player '' by Joe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e67309f1f6fa2c39e9aa192ba666fa3", "text": "In the Mix In the Mix may refer to : In the Mix ( film ) , a film starring Usher In the Mix ( TV series ) , an American program for teenagers The Best of 10 Years - 32 Superhits , a 1986 album by Boney M. re-released in 2008 as In the Mix", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9f45fd32ad6ee8e13e09cea6305074d", "text": "Rico Love Richard `` Rico '' Preston Butler , Jr. ( born December 3 , 1982 ) , better known by his stage name Rico Love , is an American songwriter , record producer and singer . He was born in New Orleans , Louisiana , but split his childhood between Milwaukee , Wisconsin and New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . He attended Florida A&M and , while visiting Atlanta , Georgia , worked his way into the music industry through connections with Usher , who would become Love 's mentor . The first song Love ever wrote in his career was `` Throwback '' for which ended up on Usher 's 2004 album `` Confessions . '' Love success continued writing and producing hit records such as Usher 's `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Hey Daddy ( Daddy 's Home ) '' , Nelly 's `` Just a Dream '' and `` Gone '' , as well as Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Sweet Dreams '' . and has contributed to works which have gone on to win Grammys such as Beyoncé 's 2009 Best Contemporary R&B album I Am ... Sasha Fierce , Usher 's 2010 Best Contemporary R&B album Raymond v. Raymond , and Usher 's 2010 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance `` There Goes My Baby '' . In addition Love has written and produced records for Kelly Rowland , Diddy -- Dirty Money , Chris Brown , Alexandra Burke , Keri Hilson , Fergie , and Fantasia . Love is also the CEO of Division1 , a record label which partnered with Interscope Records in 2013 . Love has appeared as a featured artist on records with T.I. , Usher , Jermaine Dupri , Jamie Foxx , Rich Boy , and Fat Joe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b85e5e535df1e04c710a447ce2233eb7", "text": "Just Whitney Just Whitney is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Whitney Houston , released on December 10 , 2002 in North America by Arista Records . It was her first studio album in four years , since 1998 's My Love Is Your Love , and after signing her new $ 100 million Arista contract in 2001 . The album debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200 , and number three of Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , with sales of 205,147 copies in the first week , not only beating her previous high first-week sales of 177,284 units with the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack but also logged her highest debut sales out of her SoundScan-era solo albums . The album received mixed reviews from music critics . It spawned four official singles -- with three ; `` Whatchulookinat '' , `` Love That Man '' and `` Try It on My Own '' peaking at number one on Billboards Hot Dance Club Play chart . `` Try It on My Own '' also peaked at number 10 on Billboards Adult Contemporary singles . Since its release , Just Whitney ... has gone on to sell/ship more than 2 million units worldwide and has also earned Platinum certification in the US and Switzerland and Gold in France , Brazil and other countries . As of 2012 , the album 's US sales stand at approximately 1 million units . In 2003 , Just Whitney ... was nominated at the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards in the category for Best R&B / Soul Album of the Year .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1f5c2ed41108365e4c22d641f3fd7eaa	The World Senior Chess Championship is a chess competition.	[ { "docid": "354e49f6bae7ae02eaed5c07ece3ec85", "text": "World Senior Chess Championship The World Senior Chess Championship is an annual chess tournament established in 1991 by FIDE , the World Chess Federation .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e7e6828adbcf577eafd994f2b6952a96", "text": "Emirati Chess Championship The Emirati Chess Championship is organized by the United Arab Emirates Chess Federation . It is one of the major national chess competitions of the United Arab Emirates held at standard time controls , the other being the UAE President 's Cup , which has been held annually since 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdcdad5ac7b2ff18b7d45f21f6213720", "text": "Knight (chess) The knight is a piece in the game of chess , representing a knight ( armored cavalry ) . It is normally represented by a horse 's head and neck . Colloquially it is sometimes referred to as a `` horse '' , which is also the translation of the piece 's name in several languages . Each player starts with two knights , which begin on the row closest to the player , between the rooks and bishops .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a1b9683b174017f31d1d3c5f0e5c0c3", "text": "World Chess Championship 2012 The World Chess Championship 2012 was a chess match between the defending world champion Viswanathan Anand of India and Boris Gelfand of Israel , winner of the 2011 Candidates Tournament . After sixteen games , including four rapid games , Anand retained his title . The match , held under the auspices of the World Chess Federation FIDE , took place between 10 and 30 May 2012 in the Engineering Building of the State Tretyakov Gallery , Moscow , Russia . The prize fund was US$ 2.55 million . Anand was the defending champion , having gained the title in 2007 and defended it in 2008 ( against Vladimir Kramnik ) and in 2010 ( against Veselin Topalov ) . Boris Gelfand became the challenger in 2012 after winning the eight-player 2011 Candidates Tournament . Anand 's subsequent victory , therefore , was his third consecutive title defence . The match conditions called for twelve games to be played with classical time control . If a player scored at least 6 1/2 points , he would be declared the winner and the match ended . By the end of the twelve games , however , the match was tied at 6 points each , so four rapid games were played in order to produce a result . Anand won the rapid-game playoff with a win in the second game and draws in the other three games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83048260240383fd4fb752ea1e75c0ee", "text": "Pan American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship The Pan-American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship is the foremost intercollegiate team chess championship in the Americas . Hosted in part by the United States Chess Federation , the Pan-Am Intercollegiate is open to any team comprising four players and up to two alternates from the same post-secondary school ( university , college , community college ) in North America , Central America , South America , or the Caribbean . The Pan-Am began as such in 1946 ( there had been earlier versions open to U.S. schools only ) , and is held annually , usually December 27 -- 30 . It has usually been held in the United States , but was hosted in Canada four times ( 1969 , 1971 , 1984 , 1999 ) . The current format is a six-round fixed-roster team Swiss-system tournament scored by team ( not individual ) points . Sometimes the Pan-Am Intercollegiate is held as part of a larger event called the Pan-American Chess Championships comprising the Pan-Am Intercollegiate , Pan-Am Scholastic Team Championship , and Pan-Am Open ( for any individual ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b114ed9ddb89d5180c2b7fcc24b1870", "text": "Bangladeshi Chess Championship The Bangladesh National Chess Championship is the annual individual national chess championship of Bangladesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "432ec1ae9c4ac6eb12095ef2fb1598f5", "text": "World Fencing Championships The World Championships in Fencing is an annual competition organized by the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime or FIE , ( International Fencing Federation in English ) . The world championships are , after the Olympic Games , the most prominent international competition in the sport of fencing . Contestants may participate in foil , épée , and sabre events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e47f35db271fe3c082b10fbff4ca6aa4", "text": "Swiss Chess Championship The Swiss Chess Championship is held annually during two weeks of July . It is organised by the Swiss Chess Federation ( the SSB ) , which has been a member of the overall governing body , Swiss Olympic , since 2000 . The SSB is itself a relatively new organising body , created in 1995 as a fusion of two older organisations ; these were the former Swiss Chess Federation ( the SSV , founded 1889 for the inaugural Championship and prior to 1960 , known as the Swiss Chess Association ) and the Swiss Worker Chess Federation ( the SASB , founded 1923 ) . From its inception , the Championship format was a 10-player all-play-all , open to both nationals and overseas players . The title of Swiss Champion was however reserved for the highest placed Swiss national . Various changes have been implemented along the way , particularly in respect of the introduction of new Championship categories . The two world wars prevented the Championship from taking place on a small number of occasions , but due to Switzerland 's neutral status , the event was less badly affected than in many other countries . There was no competition held in 1968 due to the clash with the Chess Olympiad held in Lugano . For 2008 , major changes are planned for the Championship , including two alternate formats effectively running in parallel . The changes are aimed at keeping the tournament accessible to home and overseas players , while expanding the range of opportunities for nationals , both in terms of the Championship itself and also for Elo rating and title seeking purposes . This radically different approach will give rise to a two-year cycle , comprising an open tournament every odd year and a closed ( Swiss nationals only ) tournament every even year . Throughout the event 's long history , several players have won multiple titles , but Hans Johner earns a special mention for his 12 titles , spanning an incredible forty-two years ( 1908 -- 1950 ) . Joe Gallagher , a six-times Champion , has dual nationality and also won the British Championship in 2001 , a unique achievement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d80e187f4cfa22725654ea213dc0f4", "text": "Tal Memorial The Tal Memorial is an annual chess tournament played in Moscow from 2006 to 2016 with the exception of 2015 , to honour the memory of the former World Champion Mikhail Tal ( 1936 -- 1992 ) . Many of the world 's strongest players compete . In 2014 it was held as only as a blitz tournament and the classical event was replaced by the TASHIR Petrosian Memorial . It returned in October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbb94ea96697f2ebfe793039d89ef11f", "text": "Tunç Hamarat Tunç Hamarat ( born 1946 in Istanbul , Turkey ) is a Turkish chess player living in Austria and the sixteenth ICCF World Champion , 1999 -- 2004 . Born on December 1 , 1946 in Istanbul , Hamarat attended the Austrian St. Georgs-Kolleg high school in Istanbul , and then graduated in Physics from the Middle East Technical University ( ODTÜ ) in Ankara . In 1972 , he moved to Vienna , Austria for his Master 's degree in Physics Engineering at the Vienna University of Technology there . In 1976 , he went temporarily back to İzmir , Turkey for military service . Since 1972 he has been living in Austria and has been an Austrian citizen since 1994 . Recently , he is working for a telecommunication company in Vienna . During the sixteenth ICCF World Championship , he had amassed an unassailable 11 points out of 15 games with one game remaining . Hamarat was deadly on the black side of the Sicilian Sveshnikov , beating former CC World Champion Horst Rittner of Germany and Greek International Master Spyros Kofidis with it . At one time , Hamarat was supposed not to have lost a single game as White in over 40 years . However , this retroactively ceased to be the case , as correspondence chess games date from their year of initiation , and Hamarat eventually lost games playing with the white pieces against Edgar Prang ( started in 2001 ) and Hans Marcus Elwert ( started in 2002 ) , though he apparently resigned these only after he became World Champion in January 2004 . In ` over-the-board ' chess , he played in the finals of the Turkish championships three times . In Vienna , he played in the top league . But since 1963 his main interest has been correspondence chess , `` because I am a perfectionist '' , he says . In 1997 , he earned the title of International Grandmaster of Correspondence Chess . Hamarat also plays backgammon professionally . He is one of the top players in Austria . He won several titles in international backgammon tournaments . Besides , he is also an expert in jazz music , and acts as a jazz DJ in Vienna . The Austrian mail authority issued a personified postage stamp with his picture in his honor . The Wiener Zeitung , an important newspaper , named him as the ` Viennese of the month ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e833de83c838da0521d623921cb3a49f", "text": "World Chess Championship 2008 The World Chess Championship 2008 was a best-of-twelve-games match between the World Chess Champion , Viswanathan Anand , and the previous World Champion , Vladimir Kramnik . Kramnik had been granted a match after not winning the World Chess Championship 2007 tournament . After eleven games , Anand successfully defended his title by a final score of 6 1/2 -- 4 1/2 ( three victories and one defeat ) . The match took place at the Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany in Bonn , Germany , between 14 October and 29 October 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6df1539b7acfbf555752bf7874434492", "text": "Zugzwang Zugzwang ( German for `` compulsion to move '' , -LSB- ˈtsuːktsvaŋ -RSB- ) is a situation found in chess and other games wherein one player is put at a disadvantage because they must make a move when they would prefer to pass and not move . The fact that the player is compelled to move means that their position will become significantly weaker . A player is said to be `` in zugzwang '' when any possible move will worsen their position . The term is also used in combinatorial game theory , where it means that it directly changes the outcome of the game from a win to a loss , but the term is used less precisely in games such as chess . Putting the opponent in zugzwang is a common way to help the superior side win a game , and in some cases , it is necessary in order to make the win possible . The term zugzwang was used in German chess literature in 1858 or earlier , and the first known use of the term in English was by World Champion Emanuel Lasker in 1905 . The concept of zugzwang was known to players many centuries before the term was coined , appearing in an endgame study published in 1604 by Alessandro Salvio , one of the first writers on the game , and in shatranj studies dating back to the early 9th century , over 1000 years before the first known use of the term . Positions with zugzwang occur fairly often in chess endgames . According to John Nunn , positions of reciprocal zugzwang are surprisingly important in the analysis of endgames .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b3ecb231a2139a3a71388c7ca370741", "text": "Polish Chess Federation The Polish Chess Federation ( PZSzach ) was created on 11 April 1926 in Warsaw . Józef Żabiński was the first chairman . The initial statute outlined the fundamental objectives of the association including amongst others the popularisation of the game of chess and general organization of the chess movement in Poland , representation outside the country , coordination of the activities of clubs and regional associations as well as organization of individual and team tournaments and championships ( in different age categories ) . The Polish Chess Federation was invited to join the International Chess Federation ( FIDE ) in 1927 . After 2nd World War , The Polish Chess Federation was re-established on 30 April 1946 and with the exception of the period between 1950 and 1957 has been continually active till today . The General Delegate Assembly is the highest decision making body , however , the daily activities are managed by a Board consisting of 10 to 15 members elected for four-tear terms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226964a34eab5b245acc6ff3cc40ad2d", "text": "Women's World Chess Championship The Women 's World Chess Championship ( WWCC ) is played to determine the women 's world champion in chess . Like the World Chess Championship , it is administered by FIDE . Unlike with most sports recognized by the International Olympic Committee , where competition is either `` mixed '' ( containing everyone ) or split into men and women , in chess women are both allowed to compete in the `` open '' division ( including the World Chess Championship ) yet also have a separate Women 's Championship ( only open to females ) . Notably however , the top-rated female player for over 20 years ( with the highest FIDE rating in history of any woman ) , Judit Polgár , has never competed for the women 's title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ccc62d628877a60b49f878cc947a33", "text": "Chess World Cup 2007 The Chess World Cup 2007 served as a qualification tournament for the World Chess Championship 2010 . It was held as a 128-player single-elimination tournament , between 24 November and 16 December 2007 , in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia . In an event attended by most leading players of the world , American Gata Kamsky emerged as the winner . He was unbeaten in the tournament , going into tie-break only once and defeating Spaniard Alexei Shirov , 2 1/2 -- 1 1/2 , in the four-game final . Two 17-year-old players , Sergey Karjakin and Magnus Carlsen , reached the semifinals . By winning , Kamsky qualified for the Challenger Match , the final stage in determining the challenger for the World Chess Championship 2010 ; his participation in that match allowed him direct entry into the Candidates Matches for the World Chess Championship 2012 . The final four also received direct entry into the FIDE Grand Prix 2008 -- 10 , a qualifying stage for the World Chess Championship 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f06fb2fe5ae0cd1b19013541692c3cb5", "text": "Hou Yifan Hou Yifan ( born 27 February 1994 , Xinghua , Jiangsu , China ) is a Chinese chess grandmaster and former chess prodigy . She has been the Women 's World Chess Champion three times , the youngest ever to win the title , as well as the youngest female player ever to qualify for the title of Grandmaster . At the age of 12 , Hou became the youngest player ever to participate in the FIDE Women 's World Championship ( Yekaterinburg 2006 ) and the Chess Olympiad ( Torino 2006 ) . In June 2007 , she became China 's youngest National Women 's Champion ever . She achieved the titles of Woman FIDE Master in January 2004 , Woman Grandmaster in January 2007 , and Grandmaster in August 2008 . In 2010 , she won the 2010 Women 's World Championship in Hatay , Turkey at age 16 . She has since been the Women 's World Chess Champion about half the time : she undefeatedly won all the championships in which the title was decided by a single match ( in 2011 , 2013 and 2016 , with a total of ten wins to zero losses and 14 draws against three different opponents ) , but was either eliminated early or declined to participate in the later championships in which the title was decided by a knockout tournament ( in 2012 , 2015 and 2017 ) . Hou is the third woman ever to be rated among the world 's top 100 players , after Maia Chiburdanidze and Judit Polgár , in the August 2014 FIDE rating list . She is widely regarded as the best active female chess player , `` leaps and bounds '' ahead of her competitors . She is the current top-rated female player , 58 points ahead of Ju Wenjun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "104ccf0a63ca512fec011e7604fd5701", "text": "World Chess Championship 1978 The 1978 World Chess Championship was played between Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi in Baguio City , Philippines from July 18 to October 18 , 1978 . Karpov won , thereby retaining the title . The match had many bizarre incidents . Karpov 's team included a Dr. Zukhar ( a well known hypnotist ) , while Korchnoi adopted two local renegades currently on bail for attempted murder . There was more controversy off the board , with histrionics ranging from X-raying of chairs , protests about the flags used on the board , the inevitable hypnotism complaints and the mirror glasses used by Korchnoi . When Karpov 's team sent him a blueberry yogurt during a game without any request for one by Karpov , the Korchnoi team protested , claiming it could be some kind of code . They later said this was intended as a parody of earlier protests , but it was taken seriously at the time . In quality of play , the match itself never measured up to the press headlines that it generated , although as a sporting contest it had its share of excitement . The match would go to the first player to win six games , draws not counting . After 17 games , Karpov had a 4 -- 1 lead . Korchnoi won game 21 , but Karpov won game 27 , putting him on the brink of victory with a 5 -- 2 lead . Korchnoi fought back , scoring three wins and one draw in the next four games , to equalise the match at 5 -- 5 after 31 games . However , Karpov won the very next game , and the match , by 6 -- 5 with 21 draws .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f18607f15eb332dfde97b66a4867e444", "text": "Chess (Northwestern University) Chess was a pioneering chess program from the 1970s , written by Larry Atkin and David Slate at Northwestern University . Chess ran on Control Data Corporation 's line of supercomputers . Work on the program began in 1968 . It dominated the first computer chess tournaments , such as the World Computer Chess Championship and ACM 's North American Computer Chess Championship . Chess was the first published use of the bitboard data structure applied to the game of chess . In 1976 , Chess 4.5 won the Class B section of the Paul Masson American Chess Championship , the first time a computer was successful in a human tournament . The performance rating was 1950 . In February 1977 Chess 4.6 , the only computer entry , surprised observers by winning the 84th Minnesota Open against competitors just under Master level . It achieved a USCF rating close to or at Expert , higher than previous programs ' Class C or D , by winning five games and losing none . Stenberg ( rated 1969 ) became the second Class A player to lose to a computer in a tournament game , the first being Jola . Because of its Minnesota victory , grandmaster Walter Browne invited Chess 4.6 on a CDC Cyber 176 to his simultaneous chess exhibition ; to Browne and others ' surprise , Chess 4.6 defeated the United States chess champion . Also in 1977 , Chess 4.6 won the second World Computer Chess Championship in Toronto , ahead of 15 other programs including KAISSA ; Chess 4 had finished in second place to KAISSA at the first tournament in 1974 . The favorite to win the tournament , like all but one other entry Chess 4.6 ran on a computer located away from the tournament ; despite losing 90 minutes to hardware failure at the start of its first match the program rapidly defeated its opponent in 27 moves , earlier than any other first-round match . Chess 4.6 was capable of defeating 99.5 % of United States Chess Federation-rated players under tournament conditions , and was stronger in blitz chess . In 1978 and 1979 Atkin and Peter W. Frey published in BYTE a series on computer chess programming , including the Pascal source for Chess 0.5 , a chess engine suitable for microcomputers . That year the improved Chess 4.7 -- which had by now achieved a 2030 rating after 31 tournament games -- played against David Levy who , in 1968 had wagered that he would not be beaten by a computer within ten years . Whereas Chess 4.7 had beaten Levy under blitz conditions , the bet involved forty moves over a two-hour period , the computer 's choices being relayed by telephone from Minnesota to the board . Levy won the bet , defeating the Chess 4.7 in a six-game match by a score of 4.5-1 .5 , The computer scored a draw in game two after getting a completely winning position but being outplayed by Levy in the endgame , and a win in game four -- the first computer victory against a human master -- when Levy essayed the very sharp , dubious Latvian Gambit . Levy wrote , `` I had proved that my 1968 assessment had been correct , but on the other hand my opponent in this match was very , very much stronger than I had thought possible when I started the bet . '' He observed that , `` Now nothing would surprise me ( very much ) . '' International Master Edward Lasker stated in 1978 , `` My contention that computers can not play like a master , I retract . They play absolutely alarmingly . I know , because I have lost games to 4.7 . '' Atkin , Slate , and Frey later wrote microcomputer chess , checkers , and Reversi programs for Odesta . Advertisements cited their Northwestern affiliation and authorship of Chess 4.7 , `` World Computer Chess Champion , 1977-1980 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4bc5e52958283876605243aba4c9c73", "text": "Seychelles Chess Championship The Seychelles National Chess Championship is a chess tournament organized by the Seychelles Chess Federation . There are separate championships for men and women and for varying age groups . The championship is open to all Seychellois nationals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dce0b116a869063c455b6c43fb6705e", "text": "4th Chess Olympiad The 4th Chess Olympiad , organized by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs ( FIDE ) and comprising an open and ( unofficial ) women 's tournament , as well as several events designed to promote the game of chess , took place between July 11 and July 26 , 1931 , in Prague , Czechoslovakia . The 3rd Women 's World Chess Championship also took place during the Olympiad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85a77906bfdf3e8b6a17ce7e71d6a0e6", "text": "Stalemate Stalemate is a situation in the game of chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal move . The rules of chess provide that when stalemate occurs , the game ends as a draw ( i.e. having no winner ) . During the endgame , stalemate is a resource that can enable the player with the inferior position to draw the game rather than lose . In more complex positions , stalemate is much rarer , usually taking the form of a swindle that succeeds only if the superior side is inattentive . Stalemate is also a common theme in endgame studies and other chess problems . The outcome of a stalemate was standardized as a draw in the 19th century . Before this standardization , its treatment varied widely , including being deemed a win for the stalemating player , a half-win for that player , or a loss for that player ; not being permitted ; and resulting in the stalemated player missing a turn . Some regional chess variants have not allowed a player to play a stalemating move . In losing chess , another chess variant , is typically treated as a win for the stalemated player . In popular usage , the word stalemate refers to a conflict that has reached an impasse , and in which resolution or further action seems highly difficult or unlikely .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4959d4a763182c003f89f9d33a89404c	Hungary is bordered by Romania.	[ { "docid": "e6671544a202610ca7d0cd9bc00a0733", "text": "Hungary Hungary ( -LSB- ˈhʌŋɡəri -RSB- Magyarország -LSB- ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ -RSB- ) is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe . It covers an area of 93,030 km2 , situated in the Carpathian Basin , and is bordered by Slovakia to the north , Romania to the east , Serbia to the south , Croatia to the southwest , Slovenia to the west , Austria to the northwest , and Ukraine to the northeast . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest metropolis is Budapest , a significant economic hub , classified as a global city . Major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . Following centuries of successive habitation by Celts , Romans , Slavs , Gepids and Avars , the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád in the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended to the throne in 1000 , converting the country to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a middle power within the Western world , reaching a golden age by the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 and about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation ( 1541 -- 1699 ) , Hungary came under Habsburg rule , and later formed the great power Austro -- Hungarian Empire together with Austria . Hungary 's current borders were established in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon after World War I , when the country lost 71 % of its territory , 58 % of its population , and 32 % of ethnic Hungarians . Following the interwar period , Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II , suffering significant damage and casualties . Hungary became a satellite state of the Soviet Union , which contributed to the establishment of a four-decade-long communist dictatorship ( 1947 -- 1989 ) . The country gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956 and the seminal opening of its previously-restricted border with Austria in 1989 , which accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Bloc . On 23 October 1989 , Hungary again became a democratic parliamentary republic . In the 21st century , Hungary is a middle power and has the world 's 57th largest economy by nominal GDP , as well as the 58th largest by PPP , out of 188 countries measured by the IMF . As a substantial actor in several industrial and technological sectors , it is both the world 's 36th largest exporter and importer of goods . Hungary is a high-income economy with a very high standard of living . It keeps up a social security and universal health care system , and a tuition-free university education . Hungary performs well in international rankings : it is 20th in quality of life , 25th in inequality-adjusted human development , 32nd in the Social Progress Index , and ranks as the 19th safest country in the world . Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 and has been part of the Schengen Area since 2007 . Hungary is a member of the United Nations , NATO , WTO , World Bank , the AIIB , the Council of Europe and Visegrád Group . Well known for its rich cultural history , Hungary has contributed significantly to arts , music , literature , sports and science and technology . Hungary is the 11th most popular country as a tourist destination in Europe , attracting 14.3 million international tourists in 2015 . It is home to the largest thermal water cave system , the second largest thermal lake in the world , the largest lake in Central Europe , and the largest natural grasslands in Europe .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f91badaffa88de384e9c0e4fadece852", "text": "Romanian Carpathians __ NOTOC __ This is an overview of the geological subdivisions of the Romanian Carpathian Mountains . The Carpathians are a `` subsystem '' of the Alps-Himalaya System and are further divided into `` provinces '' and `` subprovinces '' . The broadest divisions are shown in the map on the right . The last level of the division , i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins , is usually called `` units '' . The lowest-level detail for those units is maintained on separate pages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa96ab8076376644e06307f8c371184f", "text": "History of the Hungarian language Hungarian is a Uralic language of the Ugric group . It has been spoken in the region of modern-day Hungary since the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in the late 9th century . The predecessor language of Hungarian separated from the Ob-Ugric languages , probably still during the Bronze Age . There is no attestation for a period of close to two millennia . Old Hungarian is attested fragmentarily in epigraphy in the Old Hungarian script beginning in the 10th century , and isolated Hungarian words are attested in manuscript tradition from the turn of the 11th century . The oldest surviving coherent text in Old Hungarian is the Funeral Sermon and Prayer , dated to 1192 . The Old Hungarian period is by convention taken to cover Medieval Hungary , from the invasion of Pannonia in AD 896 , to the collapse of the Kingdom of Hungary following the Battle of Mohács of 1526 . A Middle Hungarian phase is by convention taken to last from 1526 to 1772 , i.e. from the first books printed in Hungarian to the Age of Enlightenment , which prompted language reforms that resulted in the modern literary Hungarian language . Historic proceedings The happenings of the 1530s and 1540s brought a new situation to the country : the time of Humanism -- which only a few decades earlier , under Matthias of Hungary flourished -- was over ; the population , both in villages and towns , was terrorized by Ottoman raids ; the majority of the country was lost ; and the remainder began to feel the problems of the new Habsburg rule . This predicament caused backwardness in the cultural life as well . However , Hungary , with the previously listed great territorial and human losses , soon entered into a new cultural era , the Protestant Reformation . This religious movement heartened many authors to find new ways . Cultural life was primarily based in Trasylvania , but Royal Hungary also saw the rebirth of the Hungarian culture . The first printed Hungarian book was printed in Cracow , Poland , in 1533 . It is a partial Bible-translation , containing the letters of Saint Paul . The translation was done by Benedek Komjáti . The New Testament 's first printed edition was published by János Sylvester ( 1541 ) . He also composed the first scientific analysis of the Hungarian language , in 1539 -- his work 's title is `` Grammatica Hungarolatina '' . Like Komjáti , Sylvester printed his works in Cracow . The previous publications , however , were not Protestant in their sense ; the first directly reformed Hungarian book was Imre Ozorai 's `` Argument '' , published in Cracow first in 1535 and second in 1546 . Among other works , Aesop 's Fables -- a collection of moral short stories -- were first translated into Hungarian by Gábor Pesti -LSB- 1 -RSB- ( 1536 ) . These are the first denoted Hungarian short stories . The first attempt to standardize Hungarian was done by Mátyás Bíró Dévai . He proposed a logical and feasible orthography to the language . His book , called `` Orthographia '' , is known from its second edition , printed in 1549 . Bálint Balassa", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8c4024da93391bc6523d51f9469af13", "text": "Hungarian Australians Hungarian Australians ( Ausztráliai magyarok ) are Australian citizens of Hungarian descent . The constant influx of Hungarian immigrants was marked by several waves . Most of the Hungarian immigrants to Australia came after World War II and after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . Hungarian Australians mostly live in state capital cities . Responses to the 2006 ABS-conducted national census questionnaires could reflect the true numbers of Hungarian Australians only if one takes into account not only those born in Hungary . In addition to that , those of ethnic Hungarian origin born outside Hungary who officially and specifically identified themselves of Hungarian ancestry would total 67,616 Hungarian Australian persons , residents of Australia as per ABS tabulation under `` Hungarian Ancestry '' ( Refer to Hungarian history as guide for clarification ) . The breakdown according to State and Territory was : NSW 23,577 ; VIC 21,727 ; QLD 9795 ; SA 5,427 ; WA 4,230 ; TAS 877 ; ACT 1,652 ; NT 331 . Of the 67,616 total 20,166 or 29.82 % were born in Hungary , 31,103 or 46 % were aged 65 and over , 40,570 or 60 % had tertiary or trade qualifications . In the same 2006 Census , among Hungarian-born persons , the religious affiliation was as follows : 72.9 % declared Christianity , 11.8 % declared no religion or atheism , 7.4 % declared Judaism , 0.6 % declared other religions and 6.6 % did not answer the question . Reduced in number and altered to new format , the questions in the last ABS ' National Census of 2011 only allowed for and yielded the following data : 19,089 were born in Hungary ; 20,875 speak in Hungarian at home including 3,861 ethnic Hungarians who speak Hungarian at home but were born in countries adjoining Hungary . An all encompassing , multigenerational total of 69,159 people claimed Hungarian ethnicity/ancestry and cultural heritage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9008e9832d067af56b0b312e0137952c", "text": "Albania–Hungary relations Albania -- Hungary relations refer to the current and historical relations of Albania and Hungary . Albania has an embassy in Budapest and Hungary has an embassy , and a consular office in Tirana and a honorary consulate in Shkodër . The history of diplomatic relations of Albania and Hungary dates back to 1912 , when Albania declared its independence in November 28 , 1912 . The countries are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation . As a European Union ( EU ) member , Hungary supports Albania in its euro-integration path .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "221c19cbd1d11b2cee29812ec016e02d", "text": "Oradea Oradea ( -LSB- oˈrade̯a -RSB- ; Großwardein , Nagyvárad , Hungarian pronunciation : IPA-hu n a , colloquially also Várad , former Varat , גרויסווארדיין Groysvardeyn ) the capital city of Bihor County and Crișana region , is one of the important centers of economic , social and cultural development in the western part of Romania , retaining these characteristics throughout history . The city is nestled between the hills that separate and unify in a harmonious way with plain Crișana . Located on the banks of Crișul Repede River , that divides the city into almost equal halves , it is the gateway to Central and Western Europe . The city is located in the north-west of Romania . Located about 10 km from Borș , the most important crossing point on the west border ( with Hungary ) , Oradea ranks tenth in size among Romanian cities ; it covers an area of 11,556 ha . The city is at an altitude of 126 m above sea level , in the opening of the Criș valley and the plain area , in an area of contact between the extensions of the Apuseni Mountains and the extended plain Crișana-Banat . It lies as the area of transition from relief hills , to the Pannonian plain . City topoclimatic action is determined by the prevailing Western winds . Climate is Temperate Continental ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ) , with some oceanic influences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c479a0fa10a5ec9be00ef01a8d6d8ae3", "text": "Taxation in Hungary Taxation in Hungary is levied by both federal and local governments . Tax revenue in Hungary stood at 39.3 % of GDP . The most important revenue sources include the income tax , Social security , corporate tax and the value added tax , which are all applied on the federal level . Among the total tax income the ratio of local taxes is solely 5 % while the EU average is 30 % . Income tax in Hungary is levied at a flat rate of 15 % . A tax allowance is given through a family allowance ( családi adókedvezmény ) , which is equal to the allowance multiplied by the number of `` beneficiary dependent children '' . For the first children the allowance is HUF 66,670 , while the second dependent children the allowance is HUF 100,000 , in case of 3 or more children the allowance is HUF 220,000 per beneficiary dependent child . The amount of tax allowance can be split between spouses or life partners . The rate of value added tax in Hungary is 27 % as standard rate , the highest in Europe , since 1 of January , 2012 . There is a reduced rate of 5 percent for the sale of most medicines and some food products . A reduced rate of 18 percent is applicable to internet connections , restaurants and catering , dairy and bakery products and hotel services and admission to short-term open-air events . From January 2017 , under the new Corporate income tax regime , the corporate tax in Hungary is unified at a tax rate of 9 % -- the lowest within the European Union . Dividends received are not subject to taxation , provided that are not received from a Controlled Foreign Company ( CFC ) , capital gains are included in corporate tax , with certain exemptions . Employment income is subject to social security contributions , for the employer at a flat rate of 22 % Further more employers pay 1.5 % into a training fund . Capital gains is taxed at a flat rate of 15 %", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c04007feb746dd1e98f0da938db5ee7b", "text": "Danubian Flat The Danubian Flat ( Slovak : Podunajská rovina , German : Donauebene ) , also translated as Danubian Plain , is the south-western , more flat , part of the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia . The border with the Danubian Hills runs approx . along the line Bratislava -- Senec -- Sereď -- Nové Zámky -- Patince . It has been formed by the arms of the Danube ( Little Danube and others ) and by the southern Váh , Nitra and Žitava rivers . It is filled with huge layers of gravel from the Danube and other rivers of the area . These Danubian gravels are covered with loess and other very fertile soils . The Danube forms here a unique continental delta system of meanders and dead arms . The area between one of those arms called Little Danube and the Danube is known as the Žitný ostrov , the biggest river island in Europe . The Žitný ostrov is an area with marsh depressions , natural lakes and artificial lakes . The drainage system of the southern area was ( deliberately ) significantly changed by the construction of the Gabčíkovo Dam on the Danube . The Žitný ostrov has been a `` Protected Water Management Area '' since 1978 . The area is rich in forest glades , water and marsh fauna and flora . It has rich subterranean water reservoirs . Those in Žitný ostrov are among the largest in Central Europe . Warm springs can be found in Komárno , Štúrovo and Patince . The area has the warmest and driest climate in Slovakia . This , and the fact that it has fertile soils , make it the ideal place for agriculture . Wheat , sugar beets , sweet corn , vegetables and tobacco are grown here . Fruit and vine growing are also important . The most important towns of the area are the Slovak capital Bratislava ( the Danube Flat begins in below Bratislava Castle in central Bratislava ) , Galanta , Sereď , Dunajská Streda , Komárno , and Nové Zámky . The area features many small-scale protected areas , such as Ostov Kopáč in Bratislava or the Vlčianske mŕtve rameno , Čičovské mŕtve rameno . Protected marshes are for example the unique Šúr area in Svätý Jur . The area of Zlatná na Ostrove provides an extensive habitat for great bustards . Excellent opportunities for summer recreation are provided by the lakes Zlaté piesky in Bratislava and the lakes Slnečné jazerá in Senec , or by thermal swimming pools in Dunajská Streda , Veľký Meder and Diakovce . Category : Landforms of Slovakia Category : Plains of Slovakia Category : River deltas of Europe", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6011d9d88659a3600f39cd4f9675b44d", "text": "Hungary–United States relations Hungary -- United States relations are bilateral relations between Hungary and the United States . According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report , 38 % of Hungarians approve of U.S. leadership , with 20 % disapproving and 42 % uncertain , a decrease from 53 % approval in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97adcaa6f947a658f724293f8263eea1", "text": "Nösnerland The Nösnerland ( ; Țara Năsăudului Naszód vidéke ) is an historic region of northeastern Transylvania in present-day Romania centered between the Bistrița and Mureș rivers . In today 's administrative boundaries , it is located in southern Bistrița-Năsăud County and north-central Mureș County . Beginning in the 12th century and increasingly in the 13th-14th centuries , Hungarian kings invited German colonists to settle in the eastern lands of the Kingdom of Hungary ; these German settlers became known as the Transylvanian Saxons . The Saxons in the southeast settled in the Burzenland , while the settlers in the northeast established towns along the Bistrița and Mureș rivers beginning in the early 13th century . As the latter settlers ' first major town in the area was Nösen on the Bistrița in 1206 , the surrounding area became known as the Nösnerland . The largest cities of this region were Nösen , later known as Bistrița , in the north and Reghin in the south . After Romania signed a truce with the Soviet Union during World War II , the evacuation of the German population of northeastern Transylvania was ordered by the German military in 1944 . After the fall of the Communist regime of Romania in 1989 , additional Transylvanian Germans have emigrated from their homeland to Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ec0223d247240a52e53d808b0352e53", "text": "Komárno Komárno ( Komárom , colloquially Révkomárom , Öregkomárom , Észak-Komárom , Komorn , Komoran / Коморан ) is a town in Slovakia at the confluence of the Danube and the Váh rivers . Komárno was formed from part of a historical town in Hungary situated on both banks of the Danube . Following World War I and the Treaty of Trianon , the border of the newly created Czechoslovakia cut the historical , unified town in half , creating two new towns . The smaller part , based on the former suburb of Újszőny , is in present-day Hungary as Komárom ( the historical Hungarian town had the same name ) . Komárno and Komárom are connected by the Elisabeth Bridge , which used to be a border crossing between Slovakia and Hungary until border checks were lifted due to the Schengen Area rules . Komárno is Slovakia 's principal port on the Danube . It is also the center of the Hungarian community in Slovakia , which makes up roughly 60 % of the town 's population . The town is the historic seat of the Serbian national minority in Slovakia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c65fbffe9b3a710a2e563d6724a3f16d", "text": "Körmendy Körmendy in the Hungarian language , due to its form and implied meaning , is understood to be a family name . Literally it means : a person or family of or originating or associated with the place called Körmend , now one of the smaller townships in Western Hungary , near the Austrian border . It is evident in some public records that the same family name may have been spelled `` Körmendi '' as compared to `` Körmendy '' . It is generally understood in the Hungarian tradition that the use of the form `` Körmendy '' is an entitlement of some sort due to the formerly official title of nobility , received as granted in a traditional European meaning and process . The `` Körmendi '' name , form or usage , may mean in some cases , simply a spelling variation due to whatever reasons , but in some other cases `` Körmendi '' may be just an adopted name , not entitled to the `` Körmendy '' form of spelling . There seem to exist many people in the world with these family names , however to this writer at this point it may be highly speculative to guess how many of these may be related at any distance , or whether there are one or more greater families covered by all these names . On the other hand , as an example , this writer has information of a document and public record granting the nobility title to a `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants ( and the same to a companion by a different name ) by `` King Ferdinánd I '' of Hungary , in the year 1549 . This above cited record also refers to an official transcript of another record of the same subject , originating in `` Szentmarja '' of Bács Vármegye , formerly part of the Hungarian Kingdom , ( now called Szabadka in Hungarian , and is now part of modern Serbia ) . This later transcript was sent to the Hungarian National Museum and is deposited under `` Aldányi Antal , LXI 1549 január 5 . '' The above cited granting of nobility to said `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants is due to , according to the contents of the cited document ( s ) , a certain incident of his heroic behavior during the Hungarian defensive wars against the Turkish invaders . The said heroic act occurred in a battle at the Hungarian town Győr , rescuing some Christians from the Turks . Along with the title of nobility this `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants were granted the right to use a certain coat of arms , described in detail within the above said letter of grant of nobility ( nemeslevél in Hungarian ) . These records at least provide a glimpse into the background and history connected with the name ( s ) Körmendy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0b9cc0680d212916f603804c2153151", "text": "Hungarian Ground Forces The Hungarian Ground Forces are one of the branches of the Hungarian armed forces . It is the army which handles Ground activities and troops including artillery , tanks , APC 's , IFV 's and ground support . Hungary 's Ground forces currently pulled out of Iraq and are currently in service in Afghanistan and KFOR . Hungary was supported by the Soviet Union during the Cold War but since the Soviet Union 's fall , Hungary cut tanks , closed garrisons , and minimized troop strength since 1991 . The Hungarian Army now deals with national security , peacekeeping and international conflicts . Hungary joined NATO in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88cd88508334448396207d0f5e1e0eb0", "text": "Danube–Tisza Interfluve Danube -- Tisza Interfluve is the landscape in Hungarian territory ( Hungary and Vojvodina ( Vajdaság ) in Serbia ) in the Pannonian Basin between the Danube and Tisza rivers , east of Transdanubia . It covers a large part of the Great Hungarian Plain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36e4acd615836ab4c08d30b71b56b94e", "text": "Military history of Hungary The military history of Hungary includes battles fought in the Carpathian Basin and the military history of the Hungarian people regardless of geography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a651ce1c0695f6fc4e89a05e7927b20f", "text": "Great Moravia Great Moravia ( regnum Marahensium , Μεγάλη Μοραβία -- megale Moravia , Velká Morava , Veľká Morava , Wielka Morawia ) , the Great Moravian Empire , ( historiographical terms -- original formal name is unknown ) or simply Moravia , was the first major state that was predominantly Slavonic to emerge in the area of Central Europe . Its core territories were located on the Morava river which gave its name to the kingdom . `` Morava '' in both Czech and Slovak refers to both the river and the land of Moravia - the medieval Margraviate of Moravia , which is now the eastern part of the Czech Republic . The river Morava flows south through the whole of Moravia , later forming the present-day border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia before finally becoming the border between Slovakia and Austria ( where it is called the March in German ) . The kingdom saw the rise of the first ever Slavic literary culture in the Old Church Slavonic language . After the fall of Great Moravia , its core territory was gradually divided between the newly ascending Czech Kingdom ( Bohemia ) and Hungarian Kingdom : the frontier was originally settled on the Morava river ( the Czech Kingdom to its west , and Hungary - present-day Slovakia - to its east ) . However , from the 12th century , the Czech kings managed to gain more and more of the region on the eastern bank - eventually gaining the whole stretch of the eastern territory from Uherské Hradiště down to Strážnice , and this region retained its non-Czech identity in its designation `` Slovácko '' as an alternative dialectal for `` Slovakia '' . After this , the Czech-Hungarian border shifted east to the White Carpathians . The core region of Great Moravia along the Morava river , thus divided between the present-day Moravia and Slovakia , has retained a unique culture in the rich folklore tradition both on the western bank of the Morava ( including the southern Záluží region ) and the eastern bank - the Slovácko ( in Moravia ) and Záhorie ( in Slovakia ) . Záhorie also boasts the only surviving building from Great Moravian times - the chapel at Kopčany just across the Morava from the archaeological site of Mikulčice . The core of Great Moravia was established , according to legend , in the early 830s , when Prince Mojmír I ( -LSB- moimi : r -RSB- ) crossed the Morava and conquered the principality of Nitra ( present-day western Slovakia ) . The former principality of Nitra was used as the údelné kniežatsvo , or the territory given to , and ruled by , the successor to the throne , traditionally the nephew ( sister 's son ) of the ruling kъnendzь or Prince . The extent and location of Great Moravia are a subject of debate . Rival theories place the center of it either south of the river Danube ( the river Morava in Serbia ) or on the Great Hungarian Plain . The exact date when the Moravian state was founded is also disputed , but it probably occurred in the early 830s under Prince Mojmír I , ( r. 820s/830s -- 846 ) , who is the first known ruler of the united Moravia . Mojmír and his successor , Rastislav ( `` Rostislav '' in Czech ) , who ruled from 846 to 870 , initially acknowledged the suzerainty of the Carolingian monarchs , but the Moravian fight for independence caused a series of armed conflicts with East Francia beginning in the 840s . Moravia reached its largest territorial extent under Svätopluk I , ( Svatopluk in Czech ) , who ruled from 870 to 894 , and who was occasionally styled as king in contemporaneous sources . Although the borders of his empire can not be exactly determined , he controlled the core territories of Moravia as well as other neighbouring regions , including Bohemia , most of Slovakia and parts of Slovenia , Hungary , Poland and Ukraine , for some periods of his reign . Separatism and internal conflicts emerging after Svätopluk 's death contributed to the fall of Great Moravia , which was overrun by the Hungarians . The exact date of Moravia 's collapse is unknown , but it occurred between 902 and 907 . Moravia experienced significant cultural development under Prince Rastislav , with the arrival in 863 of the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius . Rastislav had asked the Byzantine emperor to send a `` teacher '' ( učitelja ) to introduce literacy and a legal system ( pravьda ) to Great Moravia . The brothers Cyril and Methodius introduced a system of writing ( the Glagolitic alphabet ) and Slavonic liturgy , the latter eventually formally approved by Pope Adrian II . The Glagolitic script was probably invented by Cyril himself and the language he used for his translations of holy scripts and his original literary creation was based on the Slavic dialect he and his brother Methodius knew from their native Thessaloniki . The language , termed Old Church Slavonic , was the direct ancestral language for Bulgarian , and therefore also referred to as Old Bulgarian . Old Church Slavonic , therefore , differed somewhat from the local Slavic dialect of Great Moravia which was the ancestral idiom to the later dialects spoken in Moravia and western Slovakia . Later , the disciples of Cyril and Methodius were expelled from Great Moravia by King Svätopluk I. Arriving in the First Bulgarian Empire , the disciples continued the Cyrilo-Methodian mission and the Glagolitic script was superseded by Cyrillic . The Cyrillic script and translations of the liturgy were disseminated to other Slavic countries , particularly in the Balkans and Kievan Rus ' , charting a new path in these Slavic nations ´ cultural development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef9435a0dbc34cba3b6346e8f897476b", "text": "Greece–Hungary relations Greek-Hungarian relations are relations between Greece and Hungary . Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 7 , 1956 . Both countries exchanged embassies in the other one 's capital on August 24 , 1964 . Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe , of NATO and the European Union . There are around 2,500 people of Greek descent living in Hungary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e29cc5901a4862743410bf8be142de8d", "text": "Harghita Mountains The Harghita Mountains ( in Hungarian Hargita , in Romanian Munții Harghita ) is a volcanic mountain range of the Căliman-Harghita Mountains in Harghita County of Romania , part of the Inner Eastern Carpathians . The range is about 80 kilometers long and 20 kilometers wide , and is the `` largest andesite mass '' and the `` largest volcanic body in the whole of Europe '' . Its tallest peak is Hargita ( Madarasi Hargita , 1801 metres ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9993207d2383b2d5cceaad524f48298b", "text": "France–Romania relations French-Romanian relations are bilateral foreign relations between France and Romania . Diplomatic relations between the two countries date back to 1880 , when mutual legations were opened , although contacts between France and Romania 's precursor states stretch into the Middle Ages . Currently France has an embassy in Bucharest and three honorary consulates ( in Craiova , Constanța and Brașov ) . Romania has an embassy in Paris , three consulates-general ( in Lyon , Marseille and Strasbourg ) and four honorary consulates ( in Nantes , Bordeaux , Nice and Brest ) . Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union . Since 1993 , Romania is a member in the Francophonie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f27a2716b88ce3b69b58c11311a76f5", "text": "Imre Mikó Count Imre Mikó de Hidvég ( 4 September 1805 -- 16 September 1876 ) was a Hungarian statesman , politician , economist , historian and patron from Transylvania , who served as Minister of Public Works and Transport between 1867 and 1870 . He was one of the liberal-oriented , prominent figures of the politics of Transylvania in the 19th century . He functioned as Governor of Transylvania twice ( 1848 and 1860 -- 1861 ) . He worked tirelessly for the rise of his home in economic , cultural and scientific areas , earning the honorary title of `` Széchenyi of Transylvania '' . He started his political career as an official of the Gubernium ( the Government of Transylvania ) in 1826 , and reached the position of Treasurer in 1847 , at the same time he became a leading figure of the liberal opposition in Transylvania . He was appointed interim then actual Governor during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 . He presided the Székely National Assembly in Agyagfalva ( today : Lutița , Romania ) , which supported the Hungarian War of Independence . After defeat of the uprising , he retired from the politics for a time as a follower of the Passive Resistance . He only devoted his life for the ascension of the economical and cultural life of Transylvania until the 1860s . He participated in the foundations of Transylvanian Economical Association ( 1854 ) and Transylvanian Museum Society ( 1859 ) . Besides these he had also important role in the establishment of the Franz Joseph University at Kolozsvár ( today : Cluj-Napoca , Romania ) in 1872 . He sponsored the National Theatre of Kolozsvár , encouraged the emergence of modern education and agriculture and actively took part in the cases of Calvinist Diocese of Transylvania . He edited and published the three volumes of Erdélyi történelmi adatok ( `` Historical data handbook of Transylvania '' ) , with this he created an essential forum of the Transylvanian historiography as an organizer of science , but he himself also wrote historical studies . He politicized since the 1860s again , firstly as Governor of Transylvania , later as Member of Parliament for Kolozsvár in the National Assembly of 1865 . He served as Minister of Public Works and Transport in the Cabinet of Gyula Andrássy , the first government of Hungary after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 . He was associated with the construction of railway between Hungary and Transylvania , as well as the foundation of the state railway company , the predecessor of today 's Hungarian State Railways ( Magyar Államvasutak -- MÁV ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15e8bbdd7f9c1e25cf155d8a722f5721", "text": "Biharia Euroregion Biharia euroregion ( Euroregiunea Biharia , Biharia Eurorégió ) is an euroregion located in Romania and Hungary .", "title": "" } ]	fever
34e00e280ceeae49d120ddf7d61b30ac	Nigeria has approximately 184 thousand inhabitants.	[ { "docid": "9a2465284ea7ddd31bf2d7ef34a727d8", "text": "Nigeria The Federal Republic of Nigeria -LSB- naɪˈdʒɪəriə -RSB- , commonly referred to as Nigeria , is a federal republic in West Africa , bordering Benin in the west , Chad and Cameroon in the east , and Niger in the north . Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean . It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory , where the capital , Abuja is located . Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country . Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia . The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century , and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914 . The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms . Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960 , and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970 . It has since alternated between democratically elected civilian governments and military dictatorships , until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999 , with the 2011 presidential elections considered the first to be reasonably free and fair . Nigeria is often referred to as the `` Giant of Africa '' , owing to its large population and economy . With approximately 184 million inhabitants , Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world . Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world . The country is viewed as a multinational state , as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups , of which the three largest are the Hausa , Igbo and Yoruba ; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages , and are identified with wide variety of cultures . The official language is English . Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians , who live mostly in the southern part of the country , and Muslims in the northern part . A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria , such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities . , Nigeria is the world 's 20th largest economy , worth more than $ 500 billion and $ 1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively . It overtook South Africa to become Africa 's largest economy in 2014 . The 2013 debt-to-GDP ratio was 11 percent . Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank ; it has been identified as a regional power on the African continent , a middle power in international affairs , and has also been identified as an emerging global power . Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries , which are widely seen as the globe 's next `` BRIC-like '' economies . It is also listed among the `` Next Eleven '' economies set to become among the biggest in the world . Nigeria is a founding member of the African Union and a member of many other international organizations , including the United Nations , the Commonwealth of Nations and OPEC .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ddaaab9449601d340feb0294f3080ad4", "text": "Akwa Ibom State Akwa Ibom '' ' is a state in Nigeria . It is located in the coastal southern part of the country , lying between latitudes 4 ° 32 ′ N and 5 ° 33 ′ N , and longitudes 7 ° 25 ′ E and 8 ° 25 ′ E . The state is located in the South-South geopolitical zone , and is bordered on the east by Cross River State , on the west by Rivers State and Abia State , and on the south by the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost tip of Cross River State . Akwa Ibom is one of Nigeria 's 36 states , with a population of over five million people . The state was created in 1987 from the former Cross River State and is currently the highest oil - and gas-producing state in the country . The state 's capital is Uyo , with over 500,000 inhabitants . Akwa Ibom has an airport and two major seaports on the Atlantic Ocean with a proposed construction of a world-class seaport Ibaka Seaport at Oron . The state also boasts of a 30,000-seat ultramodern sports complex . Akwa Ibom state is also home to the Ibom E-Library , a world-class information centre . In addition to English , the main spoken languages are Ibibio , Annang , Eket and Oron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45ced61b6a3949d2c5aebafafb82aa9f", "text": "List of birds of Nigeria This is a list of the bird species recorded in Nigeria . The avifauna of Nigeria include a total of 940 species , of which four are endemic and five are rare or accidental . This list 's taxonomic treatment ( designation and sequence of orders , families and species ) and nomenclature ( common and scientific names ) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World , 6th edition . The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy , as do the species counts found in each family account . Accidental species are included in the total species count for Nigeria . The following tags have been used to highlight several categories , but not all species fall into one of these categories . Those that do not are commonly occurring native species . ( A ) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Nigeria ( E ) Endemic - a species endemic to Nigeria __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "743b6e701abbb00a6183bbf048c5a860", "text": "Energy in Nigeria Nigeria 's primary energy consumption was about 108 Mtoe in 2011 . Most of the energy comes from traditional biomass and waste , which account for 83 % of total primary production . The rest is from fossil fuels ( 16 % ) and hydropower ( 1 % ) . Nigeria has oil reserves of about 35 Goilbbl and gas reserves of about 5 trillion cubic metres , ranking 10th and 9th in the world , respectively . Global production in 2009 reached 29 Goilbbl of oil and 3 trillion cubic meters of natural gas . Nigeria is a member of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a665a6b54e09f3d953661c99a0b4f32e", "text": "Nigerian literature Nigerian literature is the literature of Nigeria which is written by Nigerians , for Nigerians and addresses Nigerian issues . It is written in English , Igbo , Urhobo , Yoruba , Hausa , and the other languages of the country . The languages used by authors in Nigeria are based in part on geography , with authors in the northern part of the country writing in Hausa . Nigerian authors have won numerous accolades , including the Nobel Prize in Literature and the Man Booker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a032c8570e11a35eabbc2e755397c43", "text": "Postage stamps and postal history of Niger This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Niger , a former French colony that obtained independence in 1959 . Niger is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River . It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south , Burkina Faso and Mali to the west , Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east . Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 , over 80 percent of which is covered by the Sahara desert . The capital city is Niamey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ffd9cc5913a8da62f62598f90834637", "text": "Nigerian Armed Forces The Nigerian Armed Forces are the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . Its origins lie in the elements of the Royal West African Frontier Force that became Nigerian when independence was granted in 1960 . In 1956 the Nigeria Regiment of the Royal West African Frontier Force ( RWAFF ) was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces , RWAFF , and in April 1958 the colonial government of Nigeria took over from the British War Office control of the Nigerian Military Forces . Since its creation the Nigerian military has fought in a civil war -- the conflict with Biafra in 1967 -- 70 -- and sent peacekeeping forces abroad both with the United Nations and as the backbone of the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) Cease-fire Monitoring Group ( ECOMOG ) in Liberia and Sierra Leone . It has also seized power twice at home ( 1966 & 1983 ) . In the aftermath of the civil war , the much expanded size of the military , around 250,000 in 1977 , consumed a large part of Nigeria 's resources under military rule for little productive return . The great expansion of the military during the civil war further entrenched the existing military hold on Nigerian society carried over from the first military regime . In doing so , it played an appreciable part in reinforcing the military 's nearly first-among-equals status within Nigerian society , and the linked decline in military effectiveness . Olusegun Obasanjo , who by 1999 had become President , bemoaned the fact in his inaugural address that year : ` ... Professionalism has been lost ... my heart bleeds to see the degradation in the proficiency of the military . ' Training establishments in Nigeria include the prestigious officer entry Nigerian Defence Academy at Kaduna , the Armed Forces Command and Staff College , Jaji , and the National War College at Abuja . The U.S. commercial military contractor Military Professional Resources Inc. has been involved from around 1999 -- 2000 in advising on civil-military relations for the armed forces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f6a6e9ae4bc0d3214d72b8ff27456c0", "text": "Zamfara State Zamfara '' ' is a state in northwestern Nigeria . Its capital is Gusau and its Governor is Abdul ` aziz Abubakar Yari , a member of the All Progressives Congress ( APC ) . Until 1996 the area was part of Sokoto State . Zamfara is populated with the Hausa and Fulani peoples . Major groups of people are the Zamfarawa , Anka , Gummi , Bukkuyum and Talata Mafara Local Governments areas . Gobirawa populated Shinkafi Local Government . Gobirawa actually migrated from the Gobir Kingdom . Burmawa are found in Bakura and Fulani peopled Bungudu , Maradun , Gusau and are scattered all over the State . In Tsafe , Bungudu and Maru Local Governments are mainly Katsinawa , Garewawa and Hadejawa . While Alibawa peopled Kaura Namoda and Zurmi . The people of Zamfara have over the years struggled for autonomy , it was not until 1996 that the then military administration of the Late General Sani Abacha detached the Zamfara State from Sokoto State . With an area of 38,418 square kilometres , it is bordered in the North by Niger republic , to the South by Kaduna State . In the east it is bordered by Katsina State and to the West by Sokoto and Niger States . It has a population of 3,278,873 according to the 2006 census and contains fourteen local government areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77de9267923ddc02c8a6b09d446db646", "text": "Itsekiri people The Itsekiri ( also called the Isekiri , iJekri , Itsekri , Ishekiri , or Itsekhiri ) are an ethnic group of Nigeria 's Niger Delta area , Delta State . The Itsekiri presently number just under 1 million people and live mainly in the Warri South , Warri North and Warri South West local government districts of Delta State on the Atlantic coast of Nigeria . Significant communities of Itsekiris can be found in parts of Edo and Ondo states and in various other Nigerian cities including Lagos , Sapele , Benin City , Port Harcourt and Abuja . Many people of Itsekiri descent also reside in the United Kingdom , the United States and Canada.The Itsekiris are closely related to the Yoruba and Ijaw people and more widely to the Urhobo and Edo peoples . The Itsekiris traditionally refer to their land as the Kingdom of Warri or ` Iwerre ' as its proper name -- which is geographically contiguous to the area covered by the three Warri local government districts . The area is a key centre of Nigeria 's crude oil and natural gas production and petroleum refining and the main town Warri ( a multi-ethnic metropolis ) forms the industrial and commercial nucleus of the Delta State region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "238c17e699310ab81eb97d87cee406d6", "text": "Igbo Canadians Igbo Canadians are citizens of Canada that are of whole or part Igbo descent . The Igbo are an ethnic group from Nigeria . The 2001 Canadian census put the number of people who identified as Igbo at 1,200 . Because of nationality , many Igbo people would have identified as Nigerian . The number of self-identified Nigerians according to the same census was 9,530 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d430d382ff3ba4d2413da010479cbff", "text": "Languages of Nigeria There are over 521 languages that have been spoken in Nigeria ( at least 9 of them are now extinct ) . The official language of Nigeria , English , the former colonial language , was chosen to facilitate the cultural and linguistic unity of the country . Communication in the English language is much more popular in the country 's urban communities than it is in the rural areas ( comprising about three quarters of the country 's population ) . The other major languages are Hausa , Igbo , Yoruba , Urhobo , Ibibio , Edo , Fulfulde , and Kanuri . Nigeria 's linguistic diversity is a microcosm of Africa as a whole , encompassing three major African languages families : Afroasiatic , Nilo-Saharan , and Niger -- Congo . Nigeria also has several as-yet unclassified languages , such as Cen Tuum , which may represent a relic of an even greater diversity prior to the spread of the current language families .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31a68727b91f9376a3ce673d5e1f99ca", "text": "Ijaw languages The Ijaw -LSB- ˈiːdʒɔː -RSB- languages , also spelled Ịjọ , are the languages spoken by the Ijaw people in southern Nigeria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "755542f214bc19743dfa29c6f2dc082a", "text": "Keita Department Keita is a department of the Tahoua Region in Niger . Its capital lies at the city of Keita . The Keita Department is located in the centre of the Republic of Niger and covers an area of more than 4,860 km2 characterised by plateaux with rocky slopes and valleys forming a complex system of watersheds exposed to strong winds and water erosion . The sahelian climate with an average temperature about of 29 ° C , a short rainy season ( June - September ) and a yearly average rainfall between 400 and 500 mm , represents one of the most limiting factors . Between 1960 and 1990 , a decrease of yearly average rainfall was observed particularly during the month of August , with a latitude shift of 30 km from Northeast to Southwest . The decade between the two last great dryness in 1973 and 1984 represents a line of demarcation between two different environmental and socio-economic systems . A negative synergistic process , which seemed irrepressible , struck the ecosystem bringing it close to the break point : crop productions dropped down and herds were decimated . In 1984 the area seemed directed to become again a lower density population zone as it was at the beginning of the century and without future . The Keita valley has always represented a border for the Sahara desert , allowing the development of a multiethnic community composed by peasants coming from Southern regions and nomads from the North . The total population increased from 65,000 inhabitants in 1962 to 230,000 in 2003 . Since 1984 in the keita Departement operates the Keita Integrated Development Project ( Programme de Développement Rural dans l'Ader Doutchi Maggia ) financed by the Italian Cooperation . As of 2011 , the department had a total population of 303,469 people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d86bf1943eff53cb28f29cbbbdb93e34", "text": "Zinder Zinder ( locally , Damagaram ) , formerly also spelled Sinder , is the second largest city in Niger , with a population of 170,574 ( 2001 census ) ; by 2005 its population was estimated to be over 200,000 . It is situated 861 km east of the capital Niamey and 240 km north of the Nigerian city of Kano .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93732bd0660a49abe719f1513735f978", "text": "Benin Empire The Benin Empire was a pre-colonial empire located in what is now southern Nigeria . Its capital was Edo , now known as Benin City , Edo . It should not be confused with the modern-day country called Benin , formerly called Dahomey . The Benin Empire was `` one of the oldest and most highly developed states in the coastal hinterland of West Africa , dating perhaps to the eleventh century CE '' , until it was annexed by the British Empire in 1897 . The original people and founders of the Benin Empire , the Edo people , were initially ruled by the Ogiso ( Kings of the Sky ) dynasty who called their land Igodomigodo . The rulers or kings were commonly known as Ogiso . Igodo , the first Ogiso , wielded much influence and gained popularity as a good ruler . He died after a long reign and was succeeded by Ere , his eldest son . In the 12th century , a great palace intrigue and battle for power erupted between the warrior crown prince Ekaladerhan son of the last Ogiso and his young paternal uncle . In anger over an oracle , Prince Ekaladerhan left the royal court with his warriors . When his old father the Ogiso died , the Ogiso dynasty was ended as the people and royal kingmakers preferred their king 's son as natural next in line to rule . The exiled Prince Ekaladerhan later became Izoduwa or Oduduwa the first Oni in uhe ( ile ife ) . Oranmiyan , grand son of Oduduwa took up his abode in the palace built for him at Usama by the elders ( now a coronation shrine ) . Soon after his arrival he married a beautiful lady , Erinmwinde , daughter of Osa-nego , was the ninth Enogie ( Duke ) of Ego , by whom he had a son . After some years residence here he called a meeting of the people and renounced his office , remarking that the country was a land of vexation , Ile-Ibinu ( by which name the country was afterward known ) and that only a child born , trained and educated in the arts and mysteries of the land could reign over the people . He caused his son born to him by Erinmwinde to be made King in his place , and returned to Yoruba land Ile-Ife . After some years in Ife , he left for Oyo , where he also left a son behind on leaving the place , and his son Ajaka ultimately became the first Alafin of Oyo of the present line , while Oranmiyan himself was reigning as Oni of Ife . Therefore , Oranmiyan of Ife , the father of Eweka I , the Oba of Benin , was also the father of Ajaka , the first Alafin of Oyo . Oni of Ife and Alafe of Oyo . By the 15th century , Edo as a system of protected settlements expanded into a thriving city-state . In the 15th century , the twelfth Oba in line , Oba Ewuare the Great ( 1440 -- 1473 ) would expand the city-state to an empire . It was not until the 15th century during the reign of Oba Ewuare the Great that the kingdom 's administrative centre , the city Ubinu , began to be known as Benin City by the Portuguese , and would later be adopted by the locals as well . Before then , due to the pronounced ethnic diversity at the kingdom 's headquarters during the 15th century from the successes of Oba Ewuare , the earlier name ( ` Ubinu ' ) by a tribe of the Edos was colloquially spoken as `` Bini '' by the mix of Itsekhiri , Esan , Ika , Ijaw Edo , Urhobo living together in the royal administrative centre of the kingdom . The Portuguese would write this down as Benin City . Though , farther Edo clans , such as the Itsekiris and the Urhobos still referred to the city as Ubini up till the late 19th century , as evidence implies . Aside from Benin City , the system of rule of the Oba in his kingdom , even through the golden age of the kingdom , was still loosely based after the Ogiso dynasty , which was military and royal protection in exchange of use of resources and implementation of taxes paid to the royal administrative centre . Language and culture was not enforced but remained heterogeneous and localized according to each group within the kingdom , though a local `` Enogie '' ( duke ) was often appointed by the Oba for specified ethnic areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0c36385bfe28084aff54f1e11d76f2b", "text": "Eggon language Eggon ( also Egon , Ero , Mo Egon , Hill Mada , or Mada Eggon ) is one of the Benue -- Congo languages spoken in Nigeria . The Eggon language is spoken by a large number of people in Nassarawa State in Central Nigeria . It is a major language in Nasarawa State . These represent the modern Local Government Areas of Akwanga , Lafia and Nassarawa-Eggon . The main towns of the Eggon people are Nassarawa-Eggon , Kagbu , Washo , and Wana . They stretch as far south as Lafia and west of Akwanga as far as the railway line . They are bordered on the north by the Mada and to the south by the Migili and the Doma In much of the colonial literature , the Eggon were known as the ` Hill Mada ' in contrast to the ` Plains Mada ' , the people known as Mada today . The Eggon lived in the Mada hills south of Akwanga in the pre-colonial period , but there is no connection between the groups that would justify these terms and they have now been discarded . The exact number of speakers is unknown but it is unlikely to be less than the estimate of 200,000 given by Sibomana ( 1985 ) . Ames ( 1934 ) gave a figure of 41,276 for the 1920s , but this is likely to have been substantially underestimated . Welmers ( 1971 ) estimated 52,000 although this may have been only a projection from Ames . Very little has been written about Eggon society and Temple ( 1922 ) and Ames ( 1934 ) are the only sources that contain any descriptions of Eggon social organisation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d219eb15567918ff3ba6d31857a33da", "text": "Church of Nigeria The Church of Nigeria is the Anglican church in Nigeria . It is the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion , as measured by baptized membership ( but not by attendance ) , after the Church of England . It gives its current membership as `` over 18 million '' , out of a total Nigerian population of 140 million . Other statistics reveal that the Church of Nigeria has 2 million active attendees on a Sunday . Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces . It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 . The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja . Its primate is Archbishop Nicholas Okoh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3793b8a1e50e7ee202f8839313d39ec", "text": "Ogun State Ògùn '' ' is a state in southwestern Nigeria . Created in 1976 , it borders Lagos State to the south , Oyo and Osun states to the north , Ondo to the east and the Republic of Benin to the west . Abeokuta is the capital and largest city in the state . The state 's nickname is `` Gateway to Nigeria '' . It was created in February 1976 from the former Western State . The 2006 census recorded a total population of 3,751,140 residents . Other cities and towns in the Ogun State are Ijebu Ode , Sagamu , Ijebu Igbo , Ogere Remo , Iperu , Ilaro Ayetoro and Ota . The state is notable for having a high concentration of industrial estates and being a major manufacturing hub in Nigeria . Major factories in Ogun include : Dangote Cement factory in Ibese , Nestle , Lafarge Cement factory in Ewekoro and Coleman Cables in Sagamu and Arepo , Procter & Gamble in Agbara , amongst others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cff97d2a118c4676ddc2d32b12485d1", "text": "List of civil societies in Nigeria There are six Geopolitical zones in Nigeria and about 250 ethnic groups with over 521 languages . However , the Constitution of Nigeria as amended in 1999 permits freedom of assembly , associations and civil societies irrespective of the geopolitical zones , ethnic groups and languages . Civil societies plays a key role in the nation 's development and growth . Below is a list of notable civil societies in Nigeria : Oodua Peoples Congress Arewa People 's Congress Bakassi Boys Ohanaeze Ndigbo Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta Nigeria Labour Congress", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8536e05a8156ce6801dfdeaf1d1b8548", "text": "Urbanization in Africa It is estimated that in 1900 , about 89 % of Africa 's inhabitants south of the Sahara lived from the primary occupations of farming , hunting & gathering , cattle nomadism , and fishing ( Aase , 2003:1 ) meaning that 11 % or less were urban . At the start of the independence period in 1957 , 14.7 % of Africa 's inhabitants were urban , in 2000 had it risen to 37.2 % and it is expected to rise to 49.3 % in 2015 , in effect 3.76 % to 3.35 % per year ( UN , 2002 ) . The Nigerian city of Lagos that in 1963 had 665,000 inhabitants ( Rakodi , 1997 ) and 8.7 million in 2000 is expected to become the worlds 11th biggest city by 2015 with 16 million inhabitants ( UN , 2002 ) . The urbanization of most of Africa is moving fast forward , especially south of the Sahara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00aee174f5f01f77c0a222e9816706dc", "text": "Mgbo people Mgbo is a northeastern Igbo subgroup , in southeastern Nigeria .", "title": "" } ]	fever
14225402b2846d6c51556bf0e0a1dd2b	Aneurin Barnard's birth date is a date other than May 8th.	[ { "docid": "f9f0ecbfc4139a2d4eafe038af7ff3ee", "text": "Aneurin Barnard Aneurin Barnard ( born 8 May 1987 ) is a Welsh stage and screen actor . He is best known for his roles as Davey in Hunky Dory , Claude in The Truth About Emanuel , Robert `` Bobby '' Willis Jr. in Cilla and King Richard III in The White Queen .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "29d7b6d82d52046b0050fed6bf91d6b9", "text": "Amsterdam Concert Amsterdam Concert is a rare live Miles Davis recording from 1957 . This album , one of the least-known recordings of Miles Davis , was recorded at the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam on December 8 , 1957 , a couple of days after the recording of the movie soundtrack Ascenseur pour l'échafaud . On this concert , Miles did not play with his regular quintet , but with the same line-up he used for the recording of Ascenseur pour l'échafaud . It features Barney Wilen on tenor saxophone , René Urtreger on piano , Pierre Michelot on bass and Kenny Clarke on drums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c5c52c26a64c27c33e9695a187feccb", "text": "L'Affaire Dumont L'Affaire Dumont is a Canadian drama film , released in 2012 . Written by Danielle Dansereau and directed by Daniel `` Podz '' Grou , the film stars Marc-André Grondin as Michel Dumont , a divorced young father of two who is accused of a sexual assault he did not commit . The film 's cast also includes Geneviève Brouillette , Patrick Hivon and Marilyn Castonguay . The film garnered seven Canadian Screen Awards nominations at the 1st Canadian Screen Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Grondin ) , Best Actress in a Leading Role ( Castonguay ) , Best Art Direction and Production Design ( André Guimond ) , Best Editing ( Valérie Héroux ) , Best Sound Editing ( Pierre-Jules Audet , Michelle Cloutier , Thierry Bourgault D'Amico , Nathalie Fleurant and Cédrick Marin ) and Best Make-Up ( Marlène Rouleau and André Duval ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d626206a7253d291f4b0a8d18edd6a3", "text": "Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi Notre-Dame , une fin d'après-midi ( `` A Glimpse of Notre-Dame in the Late Afternoon '' ) is a painting by Henri Matisse from 1902 . Its somber coloration is typical of Matisse 's works executed between the end of 1901 and the end of 1903 , a period of personal difficulties for the artist . This episode has been called Matisse 's Dark Period . Between 1896 and 1901 , Matisse 's painting had progressed from the subdued tones of his earliest works to an intense colorism that prefigured the Fauvism to come . In 1896 and 1897 he had traveled to Brittany , where the Australian painter John Peter Russell encouraged him to paint en plein air . Through Russell he met Camille Pissarro , whose influence was decisive in making a colorist of Matisse . In 1898 he traveled to London , where he studied the works of J. M. W. Turner ; then , after a year spent in Corsica and Toulouse , he returned to Paris , where the startling boldness of his work was admired by other young artists . His paintings found few buyers , however , and his wife , Amélie , had to open a dress shop to support their household . In May 1902 a major financial scandal , the Humbert Affair , unexpectedly ensnared Amélie 's family . Her mother was the Humbert family 's housekeeper , and both she and her husband became scapegoats in the scandal . As a result , Matisse was forced to spend much of his time during the next year dealing with lawyers and journalists . His studio was searched by detectives , and his wife 's family was menaced by angry mobs of fraud victims . According to art historian Hilary Spurling , `` their public exposure , followed by the arrest of his father-in-law , left Matisse as the sole breadwinner for an extended family of seven . This is why he switched to painting canvases that were at least potentially saleable '' . Inspired by Rodin and Barye , Matisse struggled to master volume in sculpture as well as in painting . He darkened his palette , with the results seen in the present work , and in such paintings as Carmelina ( 1903 , in the Museum of Fine Arts , Boston ) . The medium is oil on paper mounted on canvas and it measures 72.5 × 54.5 cm ( 28 1/2 × 21 1/2 in ) . The painting is in the Albright -- Knox Art Gallery , Buffalo , New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6584ff9510fc90eeb6acdbd4d74be69", "text": "The Big Bang Theory (season 8) The eighth season of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory first aired on CBS with a one-hour premiere on Monday , September 22 , 2014 . It returned to its previous Thursday time slot on October 30 for the season 's seventh episode . It concluded on May 7 , 2015 . On March 12 , 2014 , The Big Bang Theory was renewed for an additional three years , extending it through the 2016 -- 17 season for a total of ten seasons . Mayim Bialik submitted the episode `` The Prom Equivalency '' for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards . Christine Baranski submitted the episode `` The Maternal Combustion '' for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43366e95cb9c25a7e8d88429cd27fba2", "text": "Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama The Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama ( Welsh : Coleg Brenhinol Cerdd a Drama Cymru ) is a conservatoire located in Cardiff , Wales . Its alumni include Anthony Hopkins , Aneurin Barnard and Rob Brydon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16b4130daa3fcf020f289ab0fb55194b", "text": "Henry Barnard Early Childhood Center Henry Barnard Early Childhood Center is an early education school comprising grades Pre-K through 2 , and part of the City School District of New Rochelle , located in the Beechmont section of New Rochelle in Westchester County , New York . Within the school are several district programs including a four-year pre-k through grade 2 magnet program and the district 's Pre-School Speech Language Learning Center . Barnard 's Early Childhood Center ( EC2 ) has been recognized as a Sharing Success Program by the State of New York . EC2 , a primary magnet program , offers a four-year sequence for youngsters from pre-kindergarten to second grade . It provides a project-based approach to learning adapted from the internationally recognized Reggio Emilia method of instruction with a strong emphasis on language development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f166869e1f332b7c2ba082cd2179a78a", "text": "Burger's Daughter Burger 's Daughter is a political and historical novel by the South African Nobel Prize in Literature-winner Nadine Gordimer , first published in the United Kingdom in June 1979 by Jonathan Cape . The book was expected to be banned in South Africa , and a month after publication in London the import and sale of the book in South Africa was prohibited by the Publications Control Board . Three months later , the Publications Appeal Board overturned the banning and the restrictions were lifted . Burger 's Daughter details a group of white anti-apartheid activists in South Africa seeking to overthrow the South African government . It is set in the mid-1970s , and follows the life of Rosa , the title character , as she comes to terms with her father Lionel Burger 's legacy as an activist in the South African Communist Party ( SACP ) . The perspective shifts between Rosa 's internal monologue ( often directed towards her father or her lover Conrad ) , and the omniscient narrator . The novel is rooted in the history of the anti-apartheid struggle and references to actual events and people from that period , including Nelson Mandela and the 1976 Soweto uprising . Gordimer herself was involved in South African struggle politics , and she knew many of the activists , including Bram Fischer , Mandela 's treason trial defence lawyer . She modelled the Burger family in the novel loosely on Fischer 's family , and described Burger 's Daughter as `` a coded homage '' to Fischer . While banned in South Africa , a copy of the book was smuggled into Mandela 's prison cell on Robben Island , and he reported that he `` thought well of it '' . The novel was generally well-received by critics . A reviewer for The New York Times said that Burger 's Daughter is Gordimer 's `` most political and most moving novel '' , and a review in The New York Review of Books described the style of writing as `` elegant '' , `` fastidious '' and belonging to a `` cultivated upper class '' . A critic in The Hudson Review had mixed feelings about the book , saying that it `` gives scarcely any pleasure in the reading but which one is pleased to have read nonetheless '' . Burger 's Daughter won the Central News Agency Literary Award in 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f43f5cff74f5b8bd25bd4ed464936b2a", "text": "Brunoy Brunoy is a commune in the south-eastern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 20.6 km from the center of Paris . The tenor Louis Nourrit ( 1780 -- 1831 ) died in Brunoy . Inhabitants of Brunoy are known as Brunoyens . The city has a church Saint-Medard , richly decorated in the Louis XVI style . Organ Festival takes place each year in November . Brunoy is home to a branch of Yeshivas Tomchei Tmimim Lubavitch , which attracts hundreds of students from around the world , most notably from the United States of America and Israel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2531e7bb29bf22e1daae486fae3417a", "text": "1662", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6688d00c54481914aaa5af198f589a97", "text": "Anita Smits Adriana Gerarda Antonia Maria ( Anita ) Smits ( born May 22 , 1967 in Oirschot , North Brabant ) is a former archer from the Netherlands , who competed for her native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , South Korea . There she finished in 43rd position , with 1203 points .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bcb38fcfc746469b314135b6a9a3e7f", "text": "Oliver Jones (pianist) Oliver Theophilus Jones , ( born September 11 , 1934 in Little Burgundy , Montreal , Quebec ) is a Canadian jazz pianist , organist , composer and arranger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb92f961db9eec5d7d6f29c543ecd6d9", "text": "Bergie Bergie is a term used for a subsection of homeless people in Cape Town , South Africa . The word originates from the Afrikaans berg meaning `` mountain '' -- the term originally referred to the homeless people who sheltered in the forests of the slopes of Table Mountain . The synonymous term stroller typically refers to street children living a bergie lifestyle . They are vagrants and scavengers , sometimes begging , performing odd jobs or working as informal car guards for tips . Most of them are Cape Coloureds who speak Afrikaans mixed with a few English terms , and are known for their sense of humour , vulgar language and alcohol consumption . Their lifestyle is portrayed in the 1987 novel The Strollers by Lesley Beake , the 1998 documentary film Pavement Aristocrats : The Bergies of Cape Town by François Verster , and the play Suip ! , a black comedy co-written and directed by Heinrich Reisenhofer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dae4ecc1f16a4c1c6edd97e1d78976fe", "text": "Artis Award The Artis Award is based on popular vote and is presented for achievements in French-Canadian ( Québécois ) television ; called in French the Prix Artis . Many notable Québécois performing artists have been honored with this award , like Rémy Girard ( 2006 ) . The Artis Award is the successor of the MetroStar Award . The sponsorship of this award and its name were changed in 2006 . From the current Artis Gala website : '' ... This gala enables the public to honor its favorite artists from Québécois television . '' ( '' ... ce gala permet au public de rendre hommage à ses artistes favoris de la télévision québécoise . '' ) At the first Gala Artis , held in Montreal on Sunday , April 30 , 2006 , Céline Dion performed `` Tout près du bonheur '' ( in French only ) with Marc Dupré .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b99d1b25af9cc959f76c75180924bbe", "text": "Heart block Heart block is a disease or inherited condition that causes a fault within the heart 's natural pacemaker due to some kind of obstruction ( or `` block '' ) in the electrical conduction system of the heart . Despite the severe-sounding name , heart block may often cause no symptoms at all in some cases , or occasional missed heartbeats in other cases ( which can cause lightheadedness , syncope ( fainting ) , and palpitations ) , or may require an artificial pacemaker to be implanted , depending upon exactly where in the heart conduction is being impaired and how significantly it is affected . In severe cases where the heart 's ability to control and trigger heartbeats may be completely ineffective or unreliable , heart block can usually be treated by inserting an artificial pacemaker , a medical device that provides correct electrical impulses to trigger heart beats , compensating for the natural pacemaker 's unreliability . Therefore , heart block frequently has no effects , or mild and occasional effects , and is not life-threatening in the vast majority of cases , and is usually treatable in more serious cases . The human heart uses electrical signals to maintain and initiate the regular heart beat in a living person ; incorrect conduction can lead to mild or serious symptoms depending upon the location of the blockage and how severely conduction is being blocked . Conduction is initiated by the sinoatrial node ( `` sinus node '' or `` SA node '' ) , and then travels to the atrioventricular node ( `` AV node '' ) which also contains a secondary `` pacemaker '' that acts as a backup for the SA nodes , then to the bundle of His and then via the bundle branches to the point of the apex of the fascicular branches ( shown in the diagram on the right ) . Blockages are therefore classified based on where the blockage occurs - namely the SA node ( `` Sinoatrial block '' ) , AV node ( `` AV block '' or AVB ) , and at or below the bundle of His ( `` Intra-Hisian '' or `` Infra-Hisian block '' respectively ) . Infra-Hisian blocks may occur at the left or right bundle branches ( `` bundle branch block '' ) or the fascicles of the left bundle branch ( `` fascicular block '' or `` Hemiblock '' ) . SA and AV node blocks are each divided into three degrees , with second degree blocks being divided into two types ( written either `` type I or II '' or `` type 1 or 2 '' ) . The term `` Wenckebach block '' is also used for second degree type 1 blocks of either the SA or AV node ; in addition second degree blocks type 1 and 2 are also sometimes known as `` Mobitz 1 '' and `` Mobitz 2 '' . Clinically speaking , the blocks tend to have more serious potential the closer they are to the ` end ' of the electrical path ( the muscles of the heart regulated by the heartbeat ) , and less serious effects the closer they are to the ` start ' ( at the SA node ) , because the potential disruption becomes greater as more of the ` path ' is ` blocked ' from its ` end ' point . Therefore , most of the important heart blocks are AV nodal blocks and infra-Hisian blocks . SA blocks are usually of lesser clinical significance , since in the event of SA block , the AV node contains a secondary pacemaker which would still maintain a heart rate of around 40 - 60 beats per minute , sufficient for consciousness and much of daily life in the majority of individuals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70b045f523b6204349d2e2c544b0d003", "text": "Barend Coenraad Petrus Jansen B. C. P. Jansen ( 1 April 1884 , Zwolle -- 18 October 1962 ) was a Dutch chemist and biochemist . In the Dutch Indies , with his colleague W. F. Donath , he isolated in crystalline form an anti-beriberi factor ( known as vitamine B1 or aneurin ) from rice polishings and named it thiamine ( sulfur-containing amine ) . It was the first vitamine to be obtained in pure form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "283a626ab8f63cd56ef428abd830cfbc", "text": "John Barnard (cricketer) John Barnard ( 6 July 1794 at Chislehurst , Kent ; died 17 November 1878 at Cambridge , England ) was an English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1815 to 1830 . Mainly associated with Kent and Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) , he made 18 known appearances in first-class matches . He played for several predominantly amateur teams including the Gentlemen in the Gentlemen v Players series . He was the brother of Henry W. Barnard . He is buried in the Mill Road cemetery , Cambridge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38396fce6abda3cf87a2585d1198c93", "text": "Mayflower School May flower School was founded in January 27 , 1956 by Dr. Tai Solarin , a Nigerian educator , humanist and civil rights pioneer , who was married to Sheila Mary Tuer , an English woman ; they had two children Corin and Tunde Solarin . The school is located on a vast piece of land in Ikenne , Ogun State , Nigeria . Named after the historical Mayflower ship that brought the first batch of pilgrims to the United States . Like the pilgrims , Solarin founded the school in personal rebellion against religious persecution . Mayflower preaches a very strong educational philosophy grounded in self-reliance , self-sacrifice , public service and physical toughness . In Solarin 's words , the students must be `` rugged . '' Since the school was first established , in the boarding house , female students are forbidden from using any form of cosmetics . A rigorous , military-style living regimen requires that every student wake up at 5:00 am for a round of moderate physical exercise which involved running and in-field stretches . In his days , Dr. Solarin would often be the first to show up for these exercises . He urged his students to always `` lead by example . '' The school 's motto is `` Knowledge is Light '' and it is noted for the outstanding quality of its graduates , many of whom are leaders in Nigeria and abroad . Every student is taught the basics of rudimentary and mechanized farming as part of a well rounded , self-sustaining education . The students wear a uniform styled after Tai Solarin 's trademark apparel -- simple khaki shorts and short-sleeve shirts . This applies to both male and female students . Graduates of the school are called `` Ex-Mays . '' The school 's sound academic reputation has produced a long record of achievements , including the first female engineer in sub-Saharan Africa . In 1962 a team of 13 American college and university students spent June and July at Mayflower under the sponsorship of Operation Crossroads Africa . The team worked with counterpart students from Wesley College , Ibadan , to construct a building that would serve as a library for the school . The team was led by the then College Chaplain of Alma College , Alma , Michigan . As a consequence of the Crossroads experience , a relationship was formed between Alma and Mayflower School . Between 1963 and 1988 , annually , an Alma College student spent the year as a teacher at Mayflower . In the course of the relationship several Mayflower students studied at , and graduated from , Alma College ; and Tai Solarin was awarded the college 's honorary degree . The Crossroads and Alma College connection is detailed in Dr. Solarin 's own history , Mayflower , The Story of a School , ( Lagos , Nigeria , John West Publications , 1970 ) . Mayflower School , Ikenne : http://mayflowerschoolikenne.com Ex-mays on the web : http://www.ex-mays.com/ Ex-mays on the web - MSN Group : http://groups.msn.com/MayflowerSchoolStudents/_whatsnew.msnw Tai Solarin related links : http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/richard_carrier/Tai_Solarin.html Ex-mays on the web : http://www.exmays.net Alma College : http://www.alma.edu Operation Crossroads Africa : http://operationcrossroadsafrica.org/ Category :1956 establishments in Nigeria Category : Educational institutions established in 1956 Category : Secondary schools in Ogun State", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d7865e5fbe4e71b5d24a001a852ace0", "text": "Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder ( ANSD ) is a specific form of hearing loss defined by the presence of normal or near-normal Otoacoustic Emissions ( OAEs ) but the absence of normal Middle Ear Reflexes and severely abnormal or completely absent auditory brainstem response ( ABRs ) . Individuals presenting with this recently recognised hearing loss appear to display sporadic windows of hearing and not . Very few ( 1 in 14 ) will go on to develop normal speech and language but with poor speech perception in background noise and in others , no speech perception and therefore language development is possible . The condition was originally termed Auditory neuropathy ( AN ) and in 2001 as Auditory Neuropathy / Auditory Dys-synchrony ( AN/AD ) ( to include those cases where no true Neuropathy was apparent ) . In 2008 at a meeting convened at Lake Como in Italy ( Guidelines Development Conference on the Identification and Management of Infants with Auditory Neuropathy , International Newborn Hearing Screening Conference , Como , Italy , June 19 -- 21 , 2008 ) , a group of leading authorities on the condition reached a consensus and renamed it as Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda06eb3f2db245e01df8d8ab473cfb5", "text": "The Van Buren Boys `` The Van Buren Boys '' is the 148th episode of the sitcom Seinfeld , and name of a fictional New York street gang . Their sign is one hand with all the fingers and thumb ` up ' and spread out . The other hand has all but the thumb and pointer finger up , for a total of eight ( 8 ) . The gang is named for the 8th President of the United States , Martin Van Buren ( who was the first president from New York ) . This was the 14th episode for the 8th season . It aired on February 6 , 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33d7aaeaf2bd5d3b13be32954116686", "text": "May 13", "title": "" } ]	fever
4a3b46808d05420d88c492ef2560339a	Crystal Palace F.C. is a science club.	[ { "docid": "cb1fbc8cf21f4fa4cb99be13de9e5b96", "text": "Crystal Palace F.C. Crystal Palace Football Club is a professional football club based in South Norwood , London , that plays in the Premier League , the top tier of English football . The club was founded in 1905 at the famous Crystal Palace Exhibition building by the owners of the FA Cup Final stadium which was situated inside its historic grounds . Palace played their home games at the Cup Final venue until 1915 when the First World War forced them to move out and play at Herne Hill Velodrome and The Nest . In 1924 , the club moved to their current home at Selhurst Park . Palace have been FA Cup finalists twice , in 1990 and 2016 , losing to Manchester United on both occasions . Palace were one of the original founding members of the Premier League . The club enjoyed their best ever top flight season in 1990 -- 91 , when they challenged for the English league title , eventually finishing in third place in the top tier , their highest ever league position . Palace were denied a place in Europe at the end of that season due to the partial UEFA ban on English clubs following the Heysel Stadium disaster . The club have been second tier champions twice and hold the record for the most play-off wins for promotion to the top flight , winning the final four times . Palace were also winners of the Full Members Cup in 1991 when they beat Everton in the Wembley final . In 1973 , the club changed its original nickname from `` The Glaziers '' to `` The Eagles '' and introduced the red and blue vertical stripes now associated with the club . The club had previously played in claret and blue colours . Palace have rivalries with Brighton & Hove Albion , with whom they contest the M23 derby , and fellow South London clubs Millwall and Charlton Athletic .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "72cc759f82114da475b2210369ede0aa", "text": "1895–96 FA Cup The 1895 -- 1896 FA Cup was the 25th season of the world 's oldest association football competition , the Football Association Challenge Cup ( more usually known as the FA Cup ) . The cup was won by The Wednesday , who defeated Wolverhampton Wanderers 2 -- 1 in the final of the competition , played at Crystal Palace in London . This was Wednesday 's first victory in the FA Cup . Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round , which was always a Saturday . If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played , a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week . If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined . If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay , a 30-minute period of extra time would be played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b9893e3d6061cdbdcd9e04d22516e5a", "text": "Crystal (software) CRYSTAL is a quantum chemistry ab initio program , designed primarily for calculations on crystals ( 3 dimensions ) , slabs ( 2 dimensions ) and polymers ( 1 dimension ) using translational symmetry , but it can also be used for single molecules . It is written by V.R. Saunders , R. Dovesi , C. Roetti , R. Orlando , C.M. Zicovich-Wilson , N.M. Harrison , K. Doll , B. Civalleri , I.J. Bush , Ph. D'Arco , and M. Llunell from Theoretical Chemistry Group at the University of Torino and the Computational Materials Science Group at the Daresbury Laboratory near Warrington in Cheshire , England . The current version is CRYSTAL14 , released in June 2014 . Earlier versions were CRYSTAL88 , CRYSTAL92 , CRYSTAL95 , CRYSTAL98 , CRYSTAL03 , CRYSTAL06 , and CRYSTAL09 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a091a1b4315be536ab7473a2e98e2e6", "text": "Sheffield Hallam University F.C. Sheffield Hallam University F.C. is an English association football club based in Sheffield , South Yorkshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d8d7047f8bf654c6b26da04b3f328e7", "text": "2006–07 Crystal Palace F.C. season During the 2006 -- 07 English football season , Crystal Palace competed in the Football League Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bc10c3378927a1b2fa96ca8d440d324", "text": "2005–06 Crystal Palace F.C. season During the 2005 -- 06 English football season , Crystal Palace F.C. competed in the Football League Championship , following relegation from the FA Premier League the previous season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1162e1f8359349a3b62c80724d0f923e", "text": "List of Coventry City F.C. records and statistics Coventry City F.C. is an English professional association football club based in Coventry . The club was founded as Singers F.C. in 1883 and turned professional in 1893 , before joining the Football League in 1920 . In 1898 the club was renamed Coventry City . Coventry City currently play in the Football League One , the third tier of English football . They were relegated out of the top tier for the first time in 34 years in 2001 . This list encompasses the major honours won by Coventry City and records set by the club , their managers and their players . The player records section includes details of the club 's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions . It also records notable achievements by Coventry City players on the international stage , and the highest transfer fees paid and received by the club . The club 's attendance records , both at Ricoh Arena , their home since 2005 , and Highfield Road , their home from 1899 to 2005 , are also included in the list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "983c94405daa8a487fce2652d1a7c0bf", "text": "Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society ( FRS , ForMemRS and HonFRS ) is an award and fellowship granted by the Royal Society of London to individuals the society judges to have made a `` substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge , including mathematics , engineering science and medical science '' . Fellowship of the Society , the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence , is a significant honour which has been awarded to many eminent scientists from history including Isaac Newton ( 1672 ) , Charles Darwin ( 1839 ) , Michael Faraday ( 1824 ) , Ernest Rutherford ( 1903 ) , Srinivasa Ramanujan ( 1919 ) , Albert Einstein ( 1921 ) , Winston Churchill ( 1941 ) , Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ( 1944 ) , Dorothy Hodgkin ( 1947 ) , Alan Turing ( 1951 ) and Francis Crick ( 1959 ) . More recently , fellowship has been awarded to Stephen Hawking ( 1974 ) , Tim Hunt ( 1991 ) , Elizabeth Blackburn ( 1992 ) , Tim Berners-Lee ( 2001 ) , Venkatraman Ramakrishnan ( 2003 ) , Andre Geim ( 2007 ) , James Dyson ( 2015 ) , Ajay Kumar Sood ( 2015 ) and around 8000 others in total , including over 280 Nobel Laureates since 1900 . , there are around 1600 living Fellows , Foreign and Honorary Members . Fellowship of the Royal Society has been described by The Guardian newspaper as `` the equivalent of a lifetime achievement Oscar '' with several institutions celebrating their announcement each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ed7da206cdb966e4032b3d16cca7863", "text": "AREA Science Park The Trieste AREA Science Park is composed of two neighbouring campus developments located near the exit from the motorway linking Venice to Austria and Slovenia . It covers 50 hectares , extendable to 150 , in the magnificent natural setting of the Kras Plateau . Operational since 1982 , the AREA Science Park was founded with the initial aim of providing a link between the business community and the many high-level international scientific institutions in Trieste . It is now the most important multi-sector science park in Italy and one of the foremost in Europe . The park has about 23,000 sq metres of laboratory space equipped with specialised apparatus , experimental and safety equipment , in addition to offices and service facilities ( Conference Centre , meeting rooms , teaching labs , cafeteria , etc. ) . An additional area of about 1,500 sq metres is currently available for new activities . The following services are also available : information and computers , legal , fiscal and accounting consultancy , engineering and plant technology , occupational health and safety , marketing and promotion , information and assistance on EU programmes . There are incentives for small and medium-sized companies entering into research contracts with the AREA Science Park . They may be direct ( contributions to cover costs , in capital or towards interest payments ) or in other forms of support ( purchase of hired instruments , fellowships , assistance and consultancy services ) . `` Research laboratories whose aim is to promote industry in technologically advanced sectors with a substantial and highly-qualified workforce '' intending to establish themselves in the AREA Science Park may also have access to financing provided by Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia . Intensive training of school-leavers and graduates has so far led to jobs for over 100 young people in the research and productive structures within the Science Park or outside it . The fellowships awarded by the Consortium privilege training in the institutes , centres and companies of the Area itself . Under the programmes included in the European Commission Objective 2 , the Consortium supervises the training of graduates in the sector of innovation transfers to create solid bonds between the world of research and small and medium-sized companies . The Science Park currently has 38 established units , divided into the following sectors : highly specialised research and training centres ; research and development and service centres of outside companies ; new companies originating from the availability of specialised services , know-how and facilities encouraged by the Park ; the special ELETTRA Laboratory project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da089786652f599be371a4d9d38fd0ac", "text": "Kismat Radio Kismat Radio is a radio station broadcasting from the Crystal Palace Transmitter in south-east London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8de2ef75851b831df9b2d5a051e9ae95", "text": "Royal College of Science Union The Royal College of Science Union ( RCSU ) is a student union and science outreach organisation at Imperial College London which represents over 3,000 students in the university 's Faculty of Natural Sciences . It manages the student societies for the departments of Mathematics , Physics , Chemistry , Biochemistry , and Biology . The RCSU runs Science Challenge , a national science communication competition , and publishes the Broadsheet science magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a95af59c27e7a48b6829cc59d9ba5bfa", "text": "2007–08 Crystal Palace F.C. season The 2007 -- 08 season was Crystal Palace Football Club 's third consecutive season in The Championship . Manager Peter Taylor was sacked on 8 October 2007 and replaced by former Sheffield United manager Neil Warnock on 11 October 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aadba8b89158a569e52006220cfe3cd", "text": "Everton F.C. Everton F.C. -LSB- ˈɛvərtən -RSB- is a football club in Liverpool , England , that currently competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . The club have competed in the top division for a record 114 seasons and won the League Championship nine times , and the FA Cup five times . Formed in 1878 , Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first League Championship two seasons later . Following four League Championship and two FA Cup wins , Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period , until a revival in the 1960s , which saw the club win two League Championships and an FA Cup . The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success , with two League Championships , an FA Cup , and the 1985 European Cup Winners ' Cup . The club 's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup . The club 's supporters are known as Evertonians . Everton have a rivalry with neighbours Liverpool , and the two sides contest the Merseyside derby . The club have been based at Goodison Park in Walton , Liverpool , since 1892 , after moving from Anfield following a row over its rent . The club 's home colours are royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "950c62d82db6c962c6b42c0be2b95f4c", "text": "Blackburn Rovers F.C. Blackburn Rovers Football Club -LSB- ˈblækbɜrn_ˈroʊvərz -RSB- is a professional association football club based in Ewood , Blackburn in the county of Lancashire , England . It competes in League One following its relegation from the Championship at the conclusion of the 2016 -- 17 season . The club was established in 1875 , becoming a founding member of The Football League in 1888 . It is one of only three clubs to have been both a founder member of the Football League and the Premier League ( the others being Aston Villa and Everton ) . In 1890 , Rovers moved to Ewood Park . Blackburn Rovers have been English champions three times , and have won six FA Cups and one Football League Cup . Blackburn are the only extant club to have won three consecutive FA Cups . The club has spent the majority of its existence in the top flight of English football ( 72 years ) . In 1992 , Rovers gained promotion to the new Premier League a year after being taken over by local entrepreneur Jack Walker , who installed Kenny Dalglish as manager . In 1995 , Rovers became Premier League champions . In the 1998 -- 99 season , the club was relegated . It was promoted back to the Premier League two years later , in the 2000 -- 01 season . It has qualified for the UEFA Cup four times : once as League Cup winners , twice as the Premier League 's sixth-placed team and once via the Intertoto Cup . The 2011 -- 12 season marked the club 's 72nd , non-consecutive , year in the top flight . Rovers are currently one of only six clubs to have won the Premier League , along with Arsenal , Chelsea , Manchester United , Manchester City and Leicester City . The club 's motto is `` Arte et Labore '' , `` By Skill and Hard Work '' in Latin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d13255af6248fe186037226a37b52487", "text": "Exeter Science Park Exeter Science Park is a business park on the outskirts of the city Exeter in the United Kingdom for companies specialising in science and technology . It is a 26 ha site next to junction 29 of the M5 motorway . The park is linked to the University of Exeter Innovation Centre , which provides accommodation for knowledge-intensive business start-ups . Exeter University was stimulated to develop the park by the desire to turn ideas generated at the university into products and services that could be marketed . The Exeter Science Park Centre was built by the construction firm Kier Group and cost # 8m to construct ; it was opened in June 2015 . It was commissioned by the Exeter Science Park Company , a partnership between Devon County Council , the University of Exeter , the Exeter City Council and the East Devon District Council . It is managed by Peninsula Innovations , a subsidiary of Exeter University which also runs the Innovation Centre . The first phase of the project is a three-storey building of 30000 ft2 which includes laboratories , offices and meeting rooms as well as public areas and a café . A further phase of 20000 ft2 is planned , and when fully developed , the science park will comprise a million square feet of accommodation and employ in the region of 3,000 people . The Met Office is due to move into its new premises in late 2016 , installing a supercomputer which will be the largest high performance computer in Europe . Three further buildings on the site are planned to be delivered by 2018 , offering space for start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises . Services commerce company Blur Group became the first commercial business to move to the park in November 2013 . The Redhayes pedestrian and cycle bridge over the M5 was a landmark project which evolved from a study looking at Green Infrastructure ( GI ) in Exeter and East Devon . The bridge links Blackhorse Lane to Hollow Lane , beside the park . It was opened on 20 July 2011 by Transport Minister Norman Baker . The bridge won a British Construction Industry Award in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7c54bc8ad2a587e7c9c3c60003913ed", "text": "Liverpool 9–0 Crystal Palace (1989) On 12 September 1989 , Liverpool faced Crystal Palace in a First Division fixture at Anfield , during the 1989 -- 90 season . Crystal Palace were newly promoted to the Division , while Liverpool had been narrowly pipped to the League title by Arsenal in the previous season . Liverpool won the match 9 -- 0 , recording their biggest ever top-flight win , and inflicting Palace 's heaviest ever defeat . Eight different players scored for Liverpool , the only time this has happened for the same club in English football history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3221ceeeaf94e07c2b4be745e705293", "text": "Darlington F.C. Darlington Football Club is an English football club based in Darlington , County Durham . They are members of the and play at Blackwell Meadows . The club was founded in 1883 , and played its matches at Feethams . The club originally played in regionally organised leagues , and were one of the founding members of the Northern League in 1889 . They were first admitted to the Football League when the Third Division North was formed in 1921 . They won the Third Division North title in 1925 , and their 15th place in the Second Division in 1926 remains their highest ever league finish . After their admission to the League , they spent most of their history in the bottom tier . They won the Third Division North Cup in 1934 , their first victory in nationally organised cup competition . They reached the last 16 of the FA Cup twice , and the quarter-final of the Football League Cup once , in 1968 . In the early 1990s they won successive titles , in the Conference National in 1990 and the Fourth Division in 1991 . In 2011 they won the FA Trophy , defeating Mansfield Town 1 -- 0 at Wembley Stadium . Darlington moved to the all-seater , 25,000-capacity Darlington Arena in 2003 . The cost of the stadium was a major factor in driving the club into administration . In May 2012 , the club was bought out of a period of administration without entering into a Creditors Voluntary Agreement ( CVA ) . The Football Association ruled that it should be treated as a new club , which required a change of playing name . The name chosen was Darlington 1883 , and that team was placed in the Northern League Division One , the ninth tier of English football , for the 2012 -- 13 season . They won three promotions in four seasons before the FA approved their request to revert to their traditional name . The club 's main rivals are Hartlepool United . The club 's traditional colours are black and white shirts , black shorts and black and white socks . The club 's crest depicts Locomotion No 1 , referring to the town 's railway history ; as well as a stylised Quaker hat , referring to the religious movement that had a historic influence on the town , and which was the source of the team 's nickname , the Quakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14782c75d03508244d76fdb1052330c8", "text": "Scunthorpe United F.C. Scunthorpe United Football Club is a professional association football club based in the town of Scunthorpe , North Lincolnshire , England . The team play in League One , the third tier of the English football league system . The team is nicknamed The Iron , and has played in a home strip of claret and blue for most of its history . It plays its home games at Glanford Park , having moved from the Old Show Ground in 1988 . Grimsby Town , Hull City , Doncaster Rovers , Lincoln City and York City are its main rivals , although of these clubs only Doncaster Rovers currently play in the same division as Scunthorpe . The club was formed in 1899 , turned professional in 1912 and joined the Football League in 1950 . It achieved promotion to Division Two in 1958 , where it stayed until 1964 , but has spent most of its time as a Football League club in the basement tier . The club has had more success recently , however : it was promoted from Football League Two in 2005 , and then spent three out of four seasons from 2007 in the Football League Championship . The Iron were relegated to Football League One in 2011 , having finished bottom of the Championship . The club then suffered a further blow , being relegated to Football League Two in 2013 , however it was fortunate enough to immediately bounce back , winning promotion back to the third tier at the end of the 2013 -- 14 season . In recent years , the club has developed a reputation for developing promising young strikers , having sold Billy Sharp , Martin Paterson and Gary Hooper on for seven-figure sums . The club was also considered one of the most financially prudent in English football , being one of only three in the top four divisions to be debt-free . This status has recently changed after it was announced that a # 2 million loan from the outgoing chairman Steve Wharton was on the accounts to help the club maintain some sense of financial stability . Scunthorpe United was also the first club in England to build a cantilever stand after their old East stand burnt down in 1959 , four years before Sheffield Wednesday constructed its cantilever stand at Hillsborough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4a1333a758ca49ba66f08eea51d537", "text": "History of Stoke City F.C. Stoke City Football Club was formed in 1863 as Stoke Ramblers Football Club by former pupils of the Charterhouse School whilst they were apprentices at the North Staffordshire Railway . The club dropped the Ramblers from their name in 1878 , and in 1888 they were founding members of the Football League . In 1925 , the club 's name was changed for the final time to Stoke City Football Club when Stoke-on-Trent was granted city status . The club moved in 1997 to the Britannia Stadium , a 28,383 all-seater stadium ; having spent 119 years at the Victoria Ground . In the 2007 -- 08 season , Stoke won promotion from the Football League Championship , the second tier of English football , and as of 2008 -- 09 are playing in the top flight ( currently Premier League ) for the first time since the 1984 -- 85 season , when they were relegated with a total of 17 points , a record low unsurpassed for 21 years . Stoke 's only major trophy was the 1972 Football League Cup , won when they beat Chelsea 2 -- 1 in the final at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 97,852 . The club have also won the Football League Trophy twice , in 1992 and 2000 . In terms of league achievement the closest Stoke have come to winning the title was in the 1946 -- 47 season where a final day defeat cost Stoke top spot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f35c3fac172745a5522049bbff25939", "text": "1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final The 1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final was a football match contested by Blackburn Rovers and Crystal Palace over two legs ; the first at Ewood Park in Blackburn and the second at Selhurst Park in London . The matches were played to decide the third and final team to be promoted from the Football League Second Division to the Football League First Division for the 1989 -- 90 season . Blackburn Rovers won the first leg 3 -- 1 . After 90 minutes of the return leg Crystal Palace were winning 2 -- 0 , this forced the game to go to extra time where a further goal from Palace meant they won 4 -- 3 on aggregate and were promoted to the top division of the English football league system after an eight-year absence . Blackburn remained in the Second Division for a tenth consecutive season .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7a6adfd98614c04b6ff52cdf003b1a95	Montreal is legally French-speaking.	[ { "docid": "cd9d020be02237f403264e7f645eafc5", "text": "Montreal Montreal ( -LSB- audio = Montreal-English-pronunciation . ogaˌmʌntriːˈɒl -RSB- ) , officially Montréal ( -LSB- mɔ̃ʁeal -RSB- ) , is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada , after Toronto . Originally called Ville-Marie , or `` City of Mary , '' it is believed to be named after Mount Royal , though there is some debate about this . The city has a distinct four-season continental climate , with warm-to-hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , Montreal had a population of 1,704,694 . Montreal 's metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,927 and a population of 1,958,257 in the urban agglomeration , with all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included . Legally a French-speaking city , 60.5 % of Montrealers speak French at home , 21.2 % speak English and 19.8 % speak neither . Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with 56 % of the population able to speak both official languages . Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the world after Paris . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s . It remains an important centre of commerce , aerospace , finance , pharmaceuticals , technology , design , education , culture , tourism , gaming , film and world affairs . Being the location of the headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization , Montreal is one of three North American cities home to organizations of the United Nations ( along with New York and Washington ) and also has the 2nd-highest number of consulates in the continent . Montreal was also named a UNESCO City of Design . In 2009 , Montreal was named North America 's leading host city for international association events , according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress and Convention Association ( ICCA ) . According to the 2015 Global Liveability Ranking by the Economist Intelligence Unit , Montreal ranked 14th out of 140 cities . In the 2017 edition of their Best Student Cities ranking , Quacquarelli Symonds ( QS ) ranked Montreal as the world 's best city to study abroad . Also , Montreal has 11 universities with 170,000 students enrolled . The Greater Montreal region has the highest number of university students per capita among all metropolitan areas in North America . It even ranks higher than Boston , the intellectual capital of the U.S. Montreal has hosted multiple international conferences and events throughout its history , including the 1967 International and Universal Exposition and the 1976 Summer Olympic Games . It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics . Currently , the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One , the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival . In 2012 , Montreal was ranked as a Beta + world city .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6094faf473531702432460faf1b99741", "text": "Old Quebec Old Québec ( Vieux-Québec ) is a historic neighbourhood of Quebec City , Quebec , Canada . Comprising the Upper Town ( Haute-Ville ) and Lower Town ( Basse-Ville ) , the area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Administratively , Old Quebec is part of the Vieux-Québec -- Cap-Blanc -- colline Parlementaire district in the borough of La Cité-Limoilou . The area is commonly referred to as `` the Old City '' or `` Québec 's Old City '' in English . It is sometimes referred to as the Latin Quarter ( Quartier latin ) as well , although this title refers more to area around the Séminaire de Québec , the original site of Laval University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0ff4a251b587ab5e238412fe419e46e", "text": "Acadians The Acadians ( Acadiens , -LSB- akadjɛ̃ -RSB- ) are the descendants of French colonists who settled in Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries , some of whom are also Métis . The colony was located in what is now Eastern Canada 's Maritime provinces ( Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , and Prince Edward Island ) , as well as part of Quebec , and present-day Maine to the Kennebec River . Although today most of the Acadians and Québécois are French-speaking ( francophone ) Canadians , Acadia was a distinctly separate colony of New France . It was geographically and administratively separate from the French colony of Canada ( modern-day Quebec ) . As a result , the Acadians and Québécois developed two distinct histories and cultures . They also developed a slightly different French language . France has one official language and to accomplish this they have an administration in charge of the language . Since the Acadians were separated from this council , their French language evolved independently , and Acadians retain several elements of 17th-century French that have been lost in France . The settlers whose descendants became Acadians came from many areas in France , but especially regions such as Île-de-France , Normandy , Brittany , Poitou and Aquitaine . Acadian family names have come from many areas in France . For example , the Maillets are from Paris ; the LeBlancs of Normandy ; the surname Melanson is from Brittany , and those with the surnames Bastarache and Basque came from Aquitaine . The Acadians lived for almost 80 years in Acadia , prior to the British Conquest of Acadia in 1710 . After the conquest , they refused to sign an unconditional oath for the next forty-five years . During the French and Indian War ( the North American theatre of the Seven Years ' War ) , British colonial officers suspected and later confirmed their allegiance after finding Acadians fighting alongside French troops after conquering Fort Beausejour . The British , together with New England legislators and militia , carried out the Great Expulsion of 1755 -- 1764 during and after the war years . They deported approximately 11,500 Acadians from the maritime region . Approximately one-third perished from disease and drowning . Although one historian compared this event to contemporary ethnic cleansing , other historians suggested that the event is comparable with other deportations in history . Many Acadians migrated to present day Louisiana state ( known then as Spanish colonial Luisiana ) , where they developed what became known as Cajun culture . Others were transported to France . Some of those were settled secondarily to Louisiana by Henri Peyroux de la Coudreniere . Later on , many Acadians returned to the Maritime provinces of Canada , most specifically New Brunswick . Most who returned ended up in New Brunswick because they were barred by the British from resettling their lands and villages in the land that became Nova Scotia . Before the US Revolutionary War , the Crown settled New England Planters in former Acadian communities and farmland as well as , after the war , Loyalists ( including nearly 3,000 Black Loyalists , who were freed slaves ) . British policy was to assimilate Acadians with the local populations where they resettled . Acadians speak a dialect of French called Acadian French . Many of those in the Moncton area speak Chiac and English . The Louisiana Cajun descendants speak a dialect of American English called Cajun English , with several also speaking Cajun French , a close relative of the original dialect from Canada influenced by Spanish and West African languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ab8928258c6a2f498429c732abcfe8", "text": "R v Mercure R v Mercure was a ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada in 1988 , dealing with language rights in the province of Saskatchewan . The appellant demanded the right to a statutory provision in Saskatchewan governing a speeding ticket be expressed in French as well as the right to have a trial conducted in French . English and French are both considered official languages in Canada . Lower courts had denied him this right , so he sought appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada . However the appellant died before his Supreme Court appeal on the issue could be heard . The Court exercised its discretion to hear the appeal notwithstanding its mootness because the case not only raised an important legal issue but satisfied the other criteria for the hearing of a moot appeal , including the continued existence of a proper adversarial context . The Supreme Court ruled that language rights enjoyed an almost constitutional status and could only be repealed by a ` clear legislative pronouncement ' . The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan subsequently repealed official bilingualism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "892a9957f1cb35bda971f9d4138d8820", "text": "Montréal-Est, Quebec Montreal East ( in French : Montréal-Est ) , is an on-island suburb in southwestern Quebec , Canada on the island of Montreal , formerly part of the borough of Rivière-des-Prairies -- Pointe-aux-Trembles -- Montréal-Est . Montreal-Est has consistently been home to many large oil refineries since 1915 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ebdd991a3d7be407e368773deedd51", "text": "History of Quebec Quebec has played a special role in French history ; the modern province occupies much of the land where French settlers founded the colony of Canada ( New France ) in the 17th and 18th centuries . The population is predominantly French-speaking and Roman Catholic , with a large Anglophone minority , augmented in recent years by immigrants from Asia . The political alienation of the Francophones from the Anglophones has been a persistent theme since the late 19th century . Tensions were especially high during the First World War . Historically , British merchants and financiers controlled the economy , and dominated Montreal . The Catholic Church , in close cooperation with the landowners , led a highly traditional social structure in rural and small town Quebec . Much of that changed during the Quiet Revolution of the 1980s . Quebec 's separatists , calling for an independent nation , gained strength , but were narrowly defeated in two referenda . Quebec imposed increasingly stringent laws favouring the French language ; many Anglophones left , as did many of the national and international corporations that had been based in Montreal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbc979ae14df34c8e9cac1ebd4998465", "text": "Franco-Newfoundlander Franco-Newfoundlanders , also known as Franco-Terreneuvians in English or Franco-Terreneuviens in French , are francophone and/or French Canadian residents of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . The name Franco-Terreneuvian derives from Terre-Neuve , the French name of Newfoundland . The Franco-Newfoundlander community is most prominently associated with the Port au Port area near Stephenville , in communities such as Trois-Cailloux , Cap-Saint-Georges , La Grand ` Terre , L'Anse-aux-Canards and Maisons-d'Hiver . This region is unique as the only area in the province that is officially designated by provincial law as a bilingual district . However , francophone communities are also present throughout the province , particularly in St. John 's , Labrador City and Happy Valley-Goose Bay . Newfoundland and Labrador 's francophone community and its culture derive from a unique mix of influences and immigrants from Quebec , Acadia , St. Pierre and Miquelon , Brittany and the Basque Country , much of it predating Newfoundland 's admission as a Canadian province in 1949 . Some aspects of the community 's unique culture , however , have been lost or threatened as the community became more closely integrated into the mainstream of French Canadian culture and society after 1949 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da9559a2faef222d04d68b655730246c", "text": "Canada–Latin America relations Canada -- Latin America relations are relations between Canada and Latin America . This includes the bilateral ties between Canada and the individual Latin American states , plurilateral ties between Canada and any group of those states , or multilateral relations through groups like the Organization of American States ( OAS ) . Canada and Latin America share ties of geography as part of the Western Hemisphere and history through the shared experience of European colonization . Culturally , Canada shares with the other American societies a mixture of European , indigenous American , and immigrant influences . Parts of Canada are majority-French speaking , and since French is a `` Latin '' language , Canada ( or more often Quebec ) is sometimes considered an honorary part of Latin America . However , Latin Americans may also group Canadians with United States citizens as norteamericanos or gringos . For both Canadians and Latin Americans the importance of relations with the United States may overshadow relations with each other . However Canada 's importance in the region has risen since joining the OAS in 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d7cc09d15398de862bd63da6049b393", "text": "Société des Acadiens v Association of Parents Société des Acadiens v Association of Parents is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on minority language rights under section 19 ( 2 ) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . The majority of the Court held that in civil cases in the New Brunswick courts , the parties have the right to use either French or English in all submissions and pleadings . However , they do not have a right to have the matter heard by a judge who understands them in the language they choose to speak . It is sufficient if there is simultaneous translation . In addition to the majority decision , two other justices of the Court held that the parties did have the right to be heard and understood by the judge in the language of their choice , but on the facts of the case , that standard was met .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8b6bf52b9fbfb07f3f4c7636bcea669", "text": "French Civil Service The French Civil Service ( fonction publique française ) is the set of civil servants ( fonctionnaires ) working for the French government . Not all employees of the state and public institutions or corporations are civil servants ; however , the media often incorrectly equate `` government employee '' or `` employee of a public corporation '' with fonctionnaire . For instance , most employees of RATP and SNCF ( road and rail transport authorities ) are not civil servants . The Civil Service is also sometimes incorrectly referred to as the administration , but , properly speaking , the administration is the compound of public administrations and public administrative establishments , not their employees . About half of the civil servants are employed in the French public education system . Most employment positions in the French civil service are open to citizens of the European Union . Others , especially in police and justice , are specifically reserved for nationals , while a minority are open regardless of citizenship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d99bc8c88736cbd7c7f29abc2216df96", "text": "Saint-Hubert, Quebec Saint-Hubert ( -LSB- seɪntˈhjuːbərt -RSB- , -LSB- sɛ̃t ‿ ybɛʁ -RSB- , -LSB- sẽɪ̯̃t͡s ‿ ybaɛ̯ʁ -RSB- ) is a borough in the city of Longueuil , located in the Montérégie region of Quebec , Canada . It had been a separate city prior to January 1 , 2002 , when it along with several other neighbouring south shore municipalities were merged into Longueuil . According to the Quebec Statistics Institute , Saint-Hubert had 78,336 in 2006 . The area of the borough is 65.98 km ² . Longueuil 's city hall is now located in Saint-Hubert . Saint-Hubert is located about 14 kilometers ( almost 9 miles ) from downtown Montreal . The borough has a wide array of commercial , industrial and agricultural enterprises . The aerospace industry is arguably the most important of these enterprises . Pratt & Whitney Canada designs and manufactures jet engines at a plant near Saint-Hubert Airport . The Canadian Space Agency has its head office in the borough . The École nationale d'aérotechnique , a school that teaches aeronautics is located in the borough and operated by Collège Édouard-Montpetit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad6794503d4b77459600610550f94ebe", "text": "Quartier des spectacles Quartier des Spectacles is an arts and entertainment district located in the eastern section of Downtown Montreal , designed as a centre for Montreal 's cultural events and festivals . The Quartier des spectacles is a member of the Global Cultural Districts Network . With a total area of almost one square kilometre , the Quartier is bounded by City Councillors Street to the West , Berri Street to the East , Sherbrooke Street to the North and René Lévesque Boulevard to the South , encompassing all of the district known as Montreal 's Latin Quarter . First proposed in 2002 , the area is intended to house 30 performance halls totalling almost 28,000 seats ( including the Place des Arts cultural complex ) , international festivals , art galleries and various cultural exhibition and broadcast facilities . The Quartier des spectacles hosts nearly 8,500 jobs linked to cultural activities , from education and creation to production , exhibition and broadcasting . The area is now home to many of Montreal 's major festivals , including the Montreal International Jazz Festival , the Francofolies and the Just for Laughs comedy fest . Urban design features of the district include concert spaces , tiered green space and stonework , illuminated fountains , various forms of street lighting , mist machines , bike paths and illuminated walkways . The central public space for the Quartier is the , a new urban square located on the `` Balmoral Block '' on Jeanne-Mance Street , facing Place des Arts . The latter has become a focal point for outdoor events . Features of the square include a water fountain with 235 in-ground jets , four light towers , two glass-encased restaurants , a grassy slope and granite walkways .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "559e89f35672b00afe926fe101ade90b", "text": "Multilingualism in Luxembourg Multilingualism is a part of everyday life for the population of Luxembourg . Legally and socially , different sectors of Luxembourg use French , German , and Luxembourgish , which is a variety of Moselle Franconian with a large number of loanwords from French . Additionally , most citizens learn English and may study other languages as well . A substantial immigrant population has brought other tongues to the small state . However , the different languages are used in different social situations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28c95f60bcd5f491fd83d62f16a37c4c", "text": "List of Montreal Canadiens players This is a complete list of ice hockey players who have played for the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . It includes players that have played at least one regular season or playoff game for the Montreal Canadiens since the team joined the NHL in 1917 . Founded in 1909 as one of the founding members of the National Hockey Association ( NHA ) , the Montreal Canadiens were also one of the founding members of the NHL . Since the formation of the NHL , 709 different players have played with the Canadiens As of April 3 , 2008 , 71 goaltenders and 638 skaters ( forwards and defensemen ) have appeared in at least one regular-season and/or playoff game with the Montreal Canadiens since the formation of the league in the 1917 -- 18 NHL season . The 709 all-time members of the Canadiens are listed below , with statistics complete through the end of the 2013 -- 14 NHL season . This list does not include members of the Montreal Canadiens while the team was a member of the NHA from 1909 until 1917 . The `` Seasons '' column lists the first year of the season of the player 's first game and the last year of the season of the player 's last game . For example , a player who played one game in the 2000 -- 01 season would be listed as playing with the team from 2000 -- 2001 , regardless of what calendar year the game occurred within .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04179ffd0b24af2a17c37155a2197628", "text": "List of place names of French origin in the United States Several thousand place names in the United States have names of French origin , some a legacy of past French exploration and rule over much of the land and some in honor of French help during the American Revolution and the founding of the country ( see also : New France and French in the United States ) . Others were named after early Americans of French , especially Huguenot , ancestry ( Marion , Revere , Fremont , Lanier , Sevier , Macon , Decatur , etc. ) . Some places received their names as a consequence of French colonial settlement ( e.g. Baton Rouge , Detroit , New Orleans , Saint Louis ) . Nine state capitals are French words or of French origin ( Baton Rouge , Boise , Des Moines , Juneau , Montgomery , Montpelier , Pierre , Richmond , Saint Paul ) - not even counting Little Rock ( originally `` La Petite Roche '' ) or Cheyenne ( a French rendering of a Lakota word ) , compared to only two that are Spanish ( Sacramento and Santa Fe ) . Fifteen state names are either French words / origin ( Delaware , New Jersey , Louisiana , Maine , Oregon , Vermont ) or Native American words rendered by French speakers ( Arkansas , Illinois , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Mississippi , Mississippi , Ohio , Wisconsin ) , versus nine state names that are Spanish or Spanish rendered ( Montana , California , Colorado , Florida , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Texas , Utah ) . The suffix '' - ville , '' from the French word for `` city '' is common for town and city names throughout the United States . Many originally French place names , possibly hundreds , in the Midwest and Upper West were replaced with directly translated English names once American settlers became locally dominant ( e.g. `` La Petite Roche '' became Little Rock ; `` Baie Verte '' became Green Bay ; `` Grandes Fourches '' became Grand Forks ) . In contrast , Spanish place names in the Southwest were generally not replaced by English names .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53db0c973d35f3ca03f575e654759799", "text": "Law French Law French is an archaic language originally based on Old Norman and Anglo-Norman , but increasingly influenced by Parisian French and , later , English . It was used in the law courts of England , beginning with the Norman Conquest by William the Conqueror . Its use continued for several centuries in the courts of England and Ireland . Although Law French as a narrative legal language is obsolete , many individual Law French terms continue to be used by lawyers and judges in common law jurisdictions ( see the section `` Survivals in modern legal terminology '' , below ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2c6ee95a1b9355f0e1351ceddad7bdc", "text": "Constitution of Quebec The constitution of Quebec comprises a set of legal rules which fall in either one of the follow categories : The provisions of the Constitution Act , 1867 pertaining to the provinces of Canada in general and Quebec in particular ; The organic laws relative to the distribution of powers of Quebec and the individual rights of persons . These are composed of some fifteen laws , the main ones being An Act respecting the National Assembly , the Executive Power Act , the Election Act , the Referendum Act , the Charter of human rights and freedoms , the Charter of the French language , etc. ; Most of the constitutional conventions concerned with the Crown of Canada , the Executive and the Parliament ; The common law rules on the royal prerogative exercised by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec ; The case law of the courts of Quebec and the federal courts of Canada ; The Parliament of Quebec has the power to modify certain parts of Quebec 's provincial constitution , while certain other parts can only be modified by going through the process of amending the Constitution of Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9639332772d06c329153872f84cc7844", "text": "Municipalities with language facilities -RSB- There are 27 municipalities with language facilities in Belgium which must offer services to residents in Dutch , French or German , in addition to their official languages . All other municipalities -- with the exception of those in the Brussels region which is bilingual -- are unilingual and only offer services in their official languages , either Dutch or French . Belgian law stipulates that : 12 municipalities in Flanders must offer services in French ; of these 12 , six ( located around Brussels ) are now believed to have become majority French-speaking . Wallonia contains two language areas : In the French-speaking part of Wallonia , four municipalities offer services in Dutch and another two offer services in German . All municipalities in the German-speaking part of Wallonia ( annexed after WWI ) offer services in French . In Brussels , Dutch and French are co-official . At the federal level , Dutch , French and German are all official languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f18960b9e3a6520119656103ab2530b", "text": "Acadian French Acadian French ( français acadien ) is a dialect of Canadian French . It is spoken by the francophone population of the Canadian province of New Brunswick , by small minorities in areas in the Gaspé region of eastern Quebec , by small groups of francophones in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island , in the Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence . In the United States , the dialect is spoken in the Saint John Valley of northern Aroostook County , Maine . Elsewhere in Maine , New England French is the predominant form of French spoken ( apart from standard French ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4da3624bf7d6aeff285c075b0ba06488", "text": "French-Japanese French Japanese or Japanese French may refer to : France-Japan relations ( c.f. `` a French-Japanese treaty '' ) French language education in Japan ( c.f. `` a French Japanese class '' ) Japanese language education in France People with multiple citizenship of France and Japan Eurasian ( mixed ancestry ) people of French and Japanese descent in any country", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edf052b37f0e0281290e11b5c1917e6", "text": "Politics of France The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic . The nation declares itself to be an `` indivisible , secular , democratic , and social Republic '' . The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France 's `` attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789 . '' The political system of France consists of an executive branch , a legislative branch , and a judicial branch . Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , and is responsible to Parliament . The government , including the Prime Minister , can be revoked by the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , through a `` censure motion '' ; this ensures that the Prime Minister is always supported by a majority of the lower house ( which , on most topics , has prominence over the upper house ) . Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate . It passes statutes and votes on the budget ; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry . The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council , members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic , the President of the National Assembly , and the President of the Senate . Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council . The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes . It is divided into the judicial branch ( dealing with civil law and criminal law ) and the administrative branch ( dealing with appeals against executive decisions ) , each with their own independent supreme court of appeal : the Court of Cassation for the judicial courts and the Conseil d'Etat for the administrative courts . The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies . France is a unitary state . However , its administrative subdivisions -- regions , departments and communes -- have various legal functions , and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations . France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community , later the European Union . As such , France has transferred part of its sovereignty to European institutions , as provided by its constitution . The French government therefore has to abide by European treaties , directives and regulations .", "title": "" } ]	fever
33465c89d3ef4ad1007f115f9e6b26ec	Kobe Bryant has never played in the NBA.	[ { "docid": "48a96aa619f58064a5459eb7c1341da7", "text": "List of NBA All-Stars The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) All-Star Game is an annual exhibition basketball game played between the Eastern-Conference and the Western-Conference All-Stars . It is the main event of the NBA All-Star Weekend . Twelve players -- five starters and seven reserves -- from each conference are chosen from a pool of 120 players -- 60 players from each conference with 24 guards and 24 frontcourts ( forwards and centers ) -- listed on the ballots by a panel of sport writers and broadcasters . The starters are chosen by a combination of fans , media , and current players . Fans may vote using a variety of online platforms , and account for 50 % of the vote , with the media and current players each accounting for 25 % . The reserves are chosen by voting among the head coaches of each team 's particular conference . Coaches are not allowed to vote for their own players , and can select two guards , three big men , and two players regardless of positions . If a player is unable to participate due to injury , the NBA commissioner will select a replacement . The 1999 All-Star Game was canceled due to the league 's lockout . The following is a list of NBA All-Stars , players who have been selected for the NBA All-Star Game at least once in their career . Note that the number indicates the player 's number of selections -- not the number of games played . For instance , Michael Jordan was named to the All-Star Game roster 14 times , but missed the 1986 game due to injury . As of the 2017 All-Star Game , 411 players have been selected to an All-Star Game roster at least once . However , only 283 of them have earned multiple selections to the game . Hall of Famer Kareem Abdul-Jabbar holds the record for most All-Star Game selections and most All-Star Games played . He was selected 19 times and played in 18 All-Star games . Dirk Nowitzki and LeBron James both hold the record for most All-Star Game selections among active players , with 13 selections . Bob Cousy , John Havlicek , and LeBron James are tied for the most consecutive games actually played , appearing in 13 straight All-Star Games . Tim Duncan also played in 13 straight All-Star Games if the lockout-cancelled 1999 game is excluded . Several players were named to All-Star Game rosters , but never actually played in the game due to injury . __ NOTOC __ Note : Statistics are correct as of the conclusion of the 2017 NBA All-Star Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "829c1a90883ca277a77db9d0d6abf3ae", "text": "Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award The Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award ( formerly known as the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given since the 1969 NBA Finals . The award is decided by a panel of nine media members , who cast votes after the conclusion of the Finals . The person with the highest votes wins the award . In at least one NBA Finals , fans balloting on NBA.com accounted for the tenth vote . The award was originally a black trophy with a gold basketball-shaped sphere at the top , similar to the Larry O'Brien Trophy , until a new trophy was introduced in 2005 . Since its inception , the award has been given to 30 different players . Michael Jordan is a record six-time award winner . Magic Johnson , Shaquille O'Neal , Tim Duncan and LeBron James won the award three times in their careers . Jordan and O'Neal are the only players to win the award in three consecutive seasons ( Jordan accomplished the feat on two separate occasions ) . Johnson is the only rookie ever to win the award , as well as the youngest at 20 years old . Andre Iguodala is the only winner to have not started every game in the series . Jerry West , the first ever awardee , is the only person to win the award while being on the losing team in the NBA Finals . Willis Reed , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , Larry Bird , Hakeem Olajuwon and Kobe Bryant won the award twice . Olajuwon , Bryant , and James have won the award in two consecutive seasons . Abdul-Jabbar and James are the only players to win the award for two different teams . Olajuwon of Nigeria , who became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1993 , Tony Parker of France , and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only international players to win the award . Duncan is an American citizen , but is considered an `` international '' player by the NBA because he was not born in one of the fifty states or Washington , D.C. Parker and Nowitzki are the only winners to have been trained totally outside the U.S. ; Olajuwon played college basketball at Houston and Duncan at Wake Forest . Cedric Maxwell is the only Finals MVP winner eligible for the Hall of Fame who has not been voted in . On February 14 , 2009 , during the 2009 NBA All-Star Weekend in Phoenix , then-NBA Commissioner David Stern announced that the award would be renamed the `` Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award '' in honor of 11-time NBA champion Bill Russell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee92f56ea9ba2b65e427337de74057ed", "text": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given since the 1955 -- 56 season to the best performing player of the regular season . The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy , which is named in honor of the first commissioner ( then president ) of the NBA , who served from 1946 until 1963 . Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players . Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada , each of whom casts a vote for first to fifth place selections . Each first-place vote is worth 10 points ; each second-place vote is worth seven ; each third-place vote is worth five , fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one . Starting from 2010 , one ballot was cast by fans through online voting . The player with the highest point total wins the award . , the current holder of the award is Stephen Curry , who won both the 2015 and 2016 MVP Awards . Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times . Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times , while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times . Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons . Moses Malone , Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times , while Bob Pettit , Karl Malone , Tim Duncan , Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice . Only two rookies have won the award : Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968 -- 69 season . Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria , Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands , Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered `` international players '' by the NBA . Stephen Curry in 2015 -- 16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously . Shaquille O'Neal in 1999 -- 2000 and LeBron James in 2012 -- 13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection , both receiving 120 of 121 votes . Since the , every winner was from a team that won at least 50 games in the regular season that year.Except for seasons affected by lockouts , when the schedule was shortened from the norm of 82 games . Karl Malone won in 1998 -- 99 when Utah was 37 -- 13 in 50 games , which projected to 60 wins in 82 games . James won in 2011 -- 12 when the Miami Heat were 46 -- 20 in 66 games , which projected to 57 wins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcc241ab85f94f95e357dc653b8c781f", "text": "Kobe Bryant Kobe Bean Bryant ( born August 23 , 1978 ) is an American retired professional basketball player and businessman . He played his entire 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He entered the NBA directly from high school and won five NBA championships with the Lakers . Bryant is an 18-time All-Star , 15-time member of the All-NBA Team , and 12-time member of the All-Defensive team . He led the NBA in scoring during two seasons , and ranks third on the league 's all-time regular season scoring and fourth on the all-time postseason scoring list . He holds the NBA record for the most seasons playing with one franchise for an entire career . The son of former NBA player Joe Bryant , Kobe Bryant enjoyed a successful high school basketball career at Lower Merion High School in Pennsylvania , where he was recognized as the top high school basketball player in the country . He declared for the NBA draft upon graduation , and was selected with the 13th overall pick in the 1996 NBA draft by the Charlotte Hornets , who traded him to the Lakers . As a rookie , Bryant earned himself a reputation as a high-flyer and a fan favorite by winning the 1997 Slam Dunk Contest , and he was named an All-Star by his second season . Despite a feud between them , Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal led the Lakers to three consecutive championships from 2000 to 2002 . In 2003 , Bryant was accused of sexual assault in Colorado , but the charges were eventually dropped , and a civil suit was settled out of court . After the Lakers lost the 2004 NBA Finals , O'Neal was traded to the Miami Heat . Bryant became the cornerstone of the Lakers , and he led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons . In 2006 , he scored a career-high 81 points against the Toronto Raptors , the second most points scored in a single game in league history behind Wilt Chamberlain 's 100-point game in 1962 . Bryant was awarded the regular season 's Most Valuable Player Award ( MVP ) in 2008 . After losing in the 2008 NBA Finals , he led the Lakers to two consecutive championships in 2009 and 2010 , earning the Finals MVP Award on both occasions . He continued to be among the top players in the league through 2013 , when the 34-year-old Bryant suffered a torn Achilles tendon . Although he recovered , his play was limited the following two years by season-ending injuries to his knee and shoulder , respectively . Citing his physical decline , he announced that he would be retiring after the 2015 -- 16 season . At 34 years and 104 days of age , Bryant became the youngest player in league history to reach 30,000 career points . He became the all-time leading scorer in Lakers franchise history on February 1 , 2010 , when he surpassed Jerry West . Following his second year in the league , Bryant was chosen to start every All-Star Game until his retirement for a record 18 consecutive appearances , and his four All-Star MVP Awards are tied for the most in NBA history . At the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics , he won gold medals as a member of the U.S. national team . Sporting News and TNT named Bryant the top NBA player of the 2000s .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c8556322c795599e904b3e9faa704ec6", "text": "NBA high school draftees The NBA high school draftees are players who have been drafted to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) straight out of high school without playing basketball at the collegiate level . The process of jumping directly from high school to the professional level is also known as going prep-to-pro . Since 2006 , the practice of drafting high school players has been prohibited by the new collective bargaining agreement , which requires that players who entered the draft be 19 years of age and at least one year removed from high school . Contrary to popular belief , the player does not have to play at least a year in college basketball , as the player can choose to instead play in another professional league ( especially overseas ) like Brandon Jennings or Emmanuel Mudiay in Italy and China respectively , simply take the year off , such as the case with Satnam Singh Bhamara , or even hold themselves back a year in high school before declaring for the draft , such as the case with Thon Maker . The NBA has long had a preference for players who played basketball at the collegiate level ; the vast majority of players to play in the NBA have had college experience . However , there have been numerous notable players who attended high school in the United States and then jumped directly to the NBA without playing college basketball .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fa36d63f0527d87ddd8a9b5596d1828", "text": "2002 NBA All-Star Game The 2002 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game which was played on February 10 , 2002 at the First Union Center in Philadelphia , home of the Philadelphia 76ers . This game was the 51st edition of the North American NBA All-Star Game and was played during the 2001 -- 02 NBA season . The West defeated the East 135-120 , with Kobe Bryant of the L.A. Lakers winning the Most Valuable Player . Bryant scored 31 points , dished 5 assists , and grabbed 5 rebounds . Tracy McGrady led the way for the East , scoring 25 points off the bench . He also made one of the most memorable plays in All-Star Game history , the self pass off the backboard dunk . This was also the last All-Star Game to feature players wearing their respective team jerseys , and thus far , the last to be seen on over-the-air television ( all subsequent games have aired on the cable channel TNT ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63b79ad4891f6bae054d09865e3d6e72", "text": "2002–03 Indiana Pacers season The 2002 -- 03 NBA season was the Pacers ' 27th season in the National Basketball Association , and 36th season as a franchise . The Pacers got off to a fast start winning 14 of their first 16 games . However , the team struggled losing 12 of 13 games between February 16 and March 12 . Late in the season , the Pacers signed free agent All-Star point guard Tim Hardaway , who would appear in ten games with the team . The Pacers finished second in the Central Division with a 48 -- 34 record . Head coach Isiah Thomas , Jermaine O'Neal and Brad Miller represented the Eastern Conference during the 2003 NBA All-Star Game . That game was perhaps known as a storybook ending for Michael Jordan , but O'Neal ruined the moment , fouling Western Conference All-Star Kobe Bryant , who attempted a 3-pointer . Bryant hit 2 of 3 free throws to send the game into overtime . The West won 155 -- 145 . In the first round of the playoffs , the Pacers lost in six games to the 6th-seeded Boston Celtics . After the season , it was announced that Thomas would not be returning as head coach , replacing him with Rick Carlisle for the next season . Thomas would later return to coach the New York Knicks in 2006 . Also following the season , Miller was traded to the Sacramento Kings , Ron Mercer was sent to the San Antonio Spurs and Hardaway retired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eefde00047e14008a809ab3f4508a88", "text": "History of basketball The history of basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield , Massachusetts by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football . The game became established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed , first in America and then throughout the world . After basketball became established in American colleges , the professional game followed . The American National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , established in 1946 , grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the century , and basketball became an integral part of American culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2464fe1928e22140c15494657456a9", "text": "2003 NBA All-Star Game The 2003 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game which was played on February 9 , 2003 at the Philips Arena in Atlanta , home of the Atlanta Hawks . This game was the 52nd edition of the North American National Basketball Association ( NBA ) All-Star Game and was played during the 2002 -- 03 NBA season . The West defeated the East 155-145 in double overtime , with Kevin Garnett of the Minnesota Timberwolves winning the Most Valuable Player . Garnett scored 37 points , grabbed 9 rebounds , and had 5 steals . Allen Iverson led the East with 35 points . This was the first All-Star Game to be transmitted on cable television , through TNT . This was also the 14th and final All-Star Game that Michael Jordan participated in , as a result of his final retirement after the 2002 -- 03 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4ee2a6febc9b0067998b1e58828db9", "text": "2001–02 Los Angeles Lakers season The 2001 -- 02 NBA season was the Lakers ' 54th season in the National Basketball Association , and 42nd in the city of Los Angeles . During the offseason , the Lakers signed All-Star guard Mitch Richmond and free agent Samaki Walker , while acquiring Lindsey Hunter from the Milwaukee Bucks . The team got off to a fast start winning 16 of their first 17 games , and finished second in the Pacific Division with a 58 -- 24 record . Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal were both selected for the 2002 NBA All-Star Game in which Bryant won MVP honors , but O'Neal did not participate in the All-Star game due to an injury . After sweeping the Portland Trail Blazers 3 -- 0 in the first round of the playoffs , then defeating the San Antonio Spurs 4 -- 1 in the semifinals , the Lakers where pushed to the brink once more in the Western Conference Finals by their archrivals the Sacramento Kings , who they narrowly defeated in a deciding seventh game . They then went on to win the NBA Finals , defeating and sweeping the New Jersey Nets in four straight games for their second three-peat in franchise history , the first since 1952 -- 54 . Following the season , Richmond retired and Hunter was traded to the Toronto Raptors . This would be the third and final consecutive NBA Championship the Lakers won in the early 2000s , as in the next season , their quest for a fourth consecutive NBA Championship ended with a playoff elimination by the San Antonio Spurs in six games in the semifinals , who would then go on to win the NBA Finals that season and their second NBA Championship . Although the Lakers returned to the Finals in 2004 , the Lakers would lose to the Detroit Pistons in five games , despite being the heavy favorites to win and having former All-Stars and veterans Gary Payton and Karl Malone , leading to O'Neal 's departure from the Lakers amidst boiling points between the Lakers staff and management and Kobe Bryant , culminating in his trade to the Miami Heat , ending the early 2000s Lakers dynasty . The Lakers would not win another title until 2009 , in which they defeated the Orlando Magic in five games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ff1570bb3a667557dcb83141f2cbbd", "text": "NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association All-Star Game Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given to the player ( s ) voted best of the annual All-Star Game . The award was established in 1953 when NBA officials decided to designate an MVP for each year 's game . The league also re-honored players from the previous two All-Star Games . Ed Macauley and Paul Arizin were selected as the 1951 and 1952 MVP winners respectively . The voting is conducted by a panel of media members , who cast their vote after the conclusion of the game . The player ( s ) with the most votes or ties for the most votes wins the award . No All-Star Game MVP was named in 1999 since the game was canceled due to the league 's lockout . , the most recent recipient is New Orleans Pelicans forward Anthony Davis . Bob Pettit and Kobe Bryant are the only two players to win the All-Star Game MVP four times . Oscar Robertson , Michael Jordan , and Shaquille O'Neal have each won the award three times , while Bob Cousy , Julius Erving , Isiah Thomas , Magic Johnson , Karl Malone , Allen Iverson , LeBron James and Russell Westbrook have all won the award twice . James ' first All-Star MVP in 2006 made him the youngest to have ever won the award at the age of 21 years , 1 month . Kyrie Irving , winner of the 2014 All-Star Game MVP , is the second-youngest at 21 years , 10 months . They 're notable as being the two youngest to win the award , both as Cleveland Cavaliers . Four of the games had joint winners -- Elgin Baylor and Pettit in 1959 , John Stockton and Malone in 1993 , O'Neal and Tim Duncan in 2000 , and O'Neal and Bryant in 2009 . O'Neal became the first player in All-Star history to share two MVP awards . The Los Angeles Lakers have had eleven winners while the Boston Celtics have had eight . Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands and Irving of Australia are the only winners not born in the United States . Both Duncan and Irving are American citizens , but are considered `` international '' players by the NBA because they were not born in one of the fifty states or Washington , D.C. No player trained entirely outside the U.S. has won the award ; Irving lived in the U.S. since age two , and Duncan played U.S. college basketball at Wake Forest . Bob Pettit ( 1958 , 1959 ) and Russell Westbrook ( 2015 , 2016 ) are the only players to win consecutive awards . Pettit ( 1956 ) , Bob Cousy ( 1957 ) , Wilt Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Bill Russell ( 1963 ) , Oscar Robertson ( 1964 ) , Willis Reed ( 1970 ) , Dave Cowens ( 1973 ) , Michael Jordan ( 1988 , 1996 , 1998 ) , Magic Johnson ( 1990 ) , Shaquille O'Neal ( 2000 ) , and Allen Iverson ( 2001 ) all won the All-Star Game MVP and the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in the same season ; Jordan is the only player to do this multiple times . 14 players have won the award playing for the team that hosted the All-Star Game : Macauley ( 1951 ) , Cousy ( 1957 ) , Pettit ( 1958 , 1962 ) , Chamberlain ( 1960 ) , Adrian Smith ( 1966 ) , Rick Barry ( 1967 ) , Jerry West ( 1972 ) , Tom Chambers ( 1987 ) , Jordan ( 1988 ) , Karl Malone ( 1993 ) , John Stockton ( 1993 ) , O'Neal ( 2004 , 2009 ) , Bryant ( 2011 ) and Davis ( 2017 ) ; Pettit and O'Neal did this multiple times . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has the distinction of playing in the most All-Star Games ( 18 ) without winning the All-Star Game MVP , while Adrian Smith won the MVP in his only All-Star Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fb52ed0ce0aaffa60473be50c2e8487", "text": "Tim Hardaway Jr. Timothy Duane Hardaway Jr. ( born March 16 , 1992 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He played college basketball for the Michigan Wolverines and declared for the NBA draft after his junior season for the national runner-up 2012 -- 13 team . Hardaway was selected with the 24th overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft by the New York Knicks . He is the son of former NBA All-Star Tim Hardaway . As a freshman during the 2010 -- 11 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season , he earned four Big Ten Conference Freshman of the Week awards , including three in the final four weeks during which he averaged over 20 points a game to help the 2010 -- 11 team to climb up to fourth in the 2010 -- 11 Big Ten Conference men 's basketball season standings . He was an honorable mention All-Big Ten selection and a unanimous Big Ten All-Freshman team selection following the season . He established the Michigan freshman record for single-season three-point shots made . He was a 2011 Collegeinsider.com Freshmen All-America selection and participated as a member of Team USA in the 2011 FIBA Under-19 World Championship . As a sophomore for the 2011 -- 12 team , he earned the 2011 -- 12 All-Big Ten 3rd team recognition . He earned 2012 -- 13 All-Big Ten ( 1st team : coaches and 2nd team : media ) recognition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58fbeb31d0daaa2322b6f9d5dd152ce6", "text": "Andrew Goudelock Andrew Darius Goudelock ( born December 7 , 1988 ) is an American professional basketball for Maccabi Tel Aviv of the Israeli Premier League and the EuroLeague . Standing at , he plays the shooting guard position . He played college basketball with the College of Charleston Cougars , when he was named the Southern Conference Player of the Year in 2011 . Goudelock was drafted by the Los Angeles Lakers in the second round of the 2011 NBA draft . He played one season for them before playing with Sioux Falls Skyforce and then Rio Grande Valley Vipers in the NBA Development League in 2012 -- 13 , winning the NBA Development League Most Valuable Player Award . He was re-signed by the Lakers towards the end of the 2012 -- 13 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b23ff998cec5ef87e2d8370f77ebe93b", "text": "1995 NBA Expansion Draft The 1995 NBA Expansion Draft was the tenth expansion draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on June 24 , 1995 , so that the newly founded Toronto Raptors and Vancouver Grizzlies could acquire players for the upcoming . Toronto was awarded an expansion team on September 30 , 1993 , while Vancouver was awarded the league 's 29th franchise on April 27 , 1994 . They were the first NBA teams based in Canada since the Toronto Huskies . In an NBA expansion draft , new NBA teams are allowed to acquire players from the previously established teams in the league . Not all players on a given team are available during an expansion draft , since each team can protect a certain number of players from being selected . In this draft , each of the twenty-seven other NBA teams had protected eight players from their roster , and the Raptors and the Grizzlies selected fourteen and thirteen unprotected players respectively , one from each team . Prior to the draft , the league conducted a coin flip between the Raptors and the Grizzlies to decide their draft order in this expansion draft and in the 1995 NBA draft . The Grizzlies won the coin flip and chose to have the higher pick in the 1995 Draft , allowing the Raptors to receive the first selection and the right to select fourteen players in the expansion draft . The Raptors were formed and owned by a group headed by Toronto businessman John Bitove . Brendan Malone was hired as the franchise 's first head coach . The Raptors used their first pick to select three-time NBA champion B. J. Armstrong from the Chicago Bulls . However , Armstrong refused to report for training and was traded to the Golden State Warriors for five other players . The Raptors ' other selections included four-time NBA champion John Salley and six other former first-round picks , Doug Smith , Willie Anderson , Ed Pinckney , Acie Earl , B. J. Tyler and Oliver Miller . Seven players from the expansion draft joined the Raptors for their inaugural season , but only Miller , Earl and Žan Tabak played more than one season for the team . Tabak and Andrés Guibert were the only international players in the draft . The Grizzlies were formed and owned by Vancouver sports magnate Arthur Griffiths . Former Atlanta Hawks assistant coach Brian Winters was hired as the franchise 's first head coach . The Grizzlies used their first pick to select former first-round pick Greg Anthony from the New York Knicks . The Grizzlies ' other selections included three-time NBA champion Byron Scott and three other former first-round picks , Benoit Benjamin , Doug Edwards and Blue Edwards . On draft day , the Grizzlies acquired a second-round draft pick from the Orlando Magic in exchange for selecting Rodney Dent , who had never played in the NBA . Eight players from the expansion draft joined the Grizzlies for their inaugural season , but only Anthony and Blue Edwards played more than one season for the team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e48427c3eb829098e06ac4376a51684", "text": "1998 NBA Finals The 1998 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1998 playoffs of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the conclusion of the 1997 -- 98 NBA season . The Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls played against the Western Conference champion Utah Jazz , with the Jazz holding home-court advantage with the first 2 games in Salt Lake City . In a repeat of the previous year 's Finals , the Bulls won the series 4 games to 2 for their third consecutive NBA title and their sixth in eight seasons . Michael Jordan was voted the NBA Finals MVP of the series ( he also had won the award the last five times the Bulls won the Finals : 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1996 , and 1997 ) . This would be his sixth NBA championship and sixth Finals MVP award in six full basketball seasons . Until 2014 , it was the last consecutive Finals rematch between two teams . The 1998 Finals garnered the highest Nielsen TV ratings in NBA history at 18.7 , and even surpassed the Nielsen ratings for the 1998 World Series , marking the first time the NBA had a higher rating in its championship round than of Major League Baseball 's championship round . The 1998 NBA season documentary `` Unforgettabulls '' was the first of five narrated by Will Lyman through NBA Entertainment , which recaps the entire Bulls ' season . Rick Telander narrates on the opening credits . Marv Albert narrates the timeline of Michael Jordan 's career with the Bulls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "039fbf8df831732ffe94e31df7bd4c76", "text": "1991 NBA Playoffs The 1991 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1990 -- 91 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . Michael Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP . After the Pistons had ended their season the last three years , the Bulls got revenge in the Eastern Conference Finals by sweeping the two-time defending NBA champions . It was the first time the Bulls won a playoff series over the Pistons since 1974 , when both teams were still part of the Western Conference . Game 4 ended with some of the Pistons walking off the court before time expired , refusing to shake the Bulls ' hands . In the 1989 NBA Finals , the Pistons themselves had swept the two-time defending champion Lakers . Detroit did not reach the conference finals again until 2003 . The seventh seeded Golden State Warriors stunned the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs , defeating them 3 games to 1 . It would be Golden State 's last playoff series win until 2007 . The 76ers and the Bucks met in the first round of the playoffs where the 76ers swept the series . It would be both teams last playoff appearance until 1999 . Game 4 of the Blazers -- Jazz series was the last game ever played at the Salt Palace . This was the first year that NBC aired the NBA Playoffs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32d6b488729701e7b53fc68263816a03", "text": "Three-peat Three-peat is a term used primarily in American sports to refer to winning three consecutive championships . The term , a portmanteau of the words three and repeat , originated with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association , during their unsuccessful campaign for a third consecutive championship during the 1988 -- 89 season , having won the previous 2 NBA Finals in 1987 and 1988 against the Boston Celtics and Detroit Pistons , but were swept by the Pistons in the 1989 NBA Finals . The term is a registered trademark owned by Hardo Beers , the Lakers ' Hardo strength coach from 1981 -- 1990 , although it was coined by L.A. player Byron Scott immediately after their victorious championship defense against the Detroit Pistons in the 1988 NBA Finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74523e8eb9fdf9fbeb39cab73cf8d7c4", "text": "Backstage: Lakers Backstage : Lakers is a reality sports documentary television series produced by Spectrum SportsNet which covers the Los Angeles Lakers from an in-depth , behind-the-scenes angle , giving the viewer `` unprecedented access '' to the team . The series has documented the season from inside the locker room , the practice facility , the executive offices , the training room , as well as chronicling the players at home with their families and on the road with their team . A new 30-minute episode debuts every week of the season on Wednesdays at 5:00 PM PST on Spectrum SportsNet . Re-airs can be viewed multiple times throughout the week of the network . A Spanish-language version entitled Lakers Confidencial premieres every Thursday on Spectrum Deportes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b4bedc301aa8b0e05572244c34da878", "text": "Kris Humphries Kristopher Nathan `` Kris '' Humphries ( born February 6 , 1985 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He has also played in the NBA for the Utah Jazz , Toronto Raptors , Dallas Mavericks , New Jersey / Brooklyn Nets , Boston Celtics , Washington Wizards , and Phoenix Suns . Humphries played college basketball for the Minnesota Golden Gophers of the University of Minnesota , and for the United States men 's national basketball team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "353bbcf38f097b8538dfe1756d126115", "text": "Ennis Whatley Ennis Whatley ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is a retired American professional basketball player who was selected by the Kansas City Kings in the first round ( 13th overall ) of the 1983 NBA draft . Whatley played in ten NBA seasons . A 6 ' 3 '' ( 1.90 m ) and 177 lb ( 80 kg ) guard , he played for the Chicago Bulls , then as backcourt partner of a rookie named Michael Jordan , the Cleveland Cavaliers , Washington Bullets , San Antonio Spurs , Atlanta Hawks , Los Angeles Clippers and Portland Trail Blazers . Whatley 's best year as a professional came during the 1986 -- 87 season as a Bullet , when he appeared in 73 games and averaged 8.5 points per game ( ppg ) . In 10 NBA seasons , Whatley played in a total of 385 games and scored 2,150 points , thus averaging 5.6 ppg . Born and raised in Birmingham , Alabama , Whatley attended Phillips High School and the University of Alabama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aed77e5a62123590795afa1aab3bf32", "text": "Joe Bryant Joseph Washington `` Jellybean '' Bryant ( born October 19 , 1954 ) is an American retired professional basketball player , current coach , and the father of former Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant . Bryant was the head coach of the WNBA 's Los Angeles Sparks from August 22 , 2005 until April 4 , 2007 . He returned to that position after Jennifer Gillom was fired by the Los Angeles Sparks on July 10 , 2011 . Bryant has also coached in Italy , Japan and Thailand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9bdb0d54d73e3ced82b49ab59d691c5", "text": "NBA Live 96 NBA Live 96 is the second installment of the NBA Live video games series . The PC and PlayStation covers features Shaquille O'Neal of the Orlando Magic , while the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis box covers show a photo of the tip-off to Game 1 of the 1995 NBA Finals . The game was published by EA Sports and released on November 30 , 1995 . The PlayStation and PC versions were the first games in the series to feature a 3D rendered court , allowing for multiple camera angles using EA 's `` Virtual Stadium '' technology ( also used by FIFA Soccer 96 ) . The on-court player graphics remained 2D sprites . It was also the first NBA Live game released for the PlayStation . NBA Live 96 is followed by NBA Live 97 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b3e83a609b512003611609ed1e09cc1", "text": "Earl Shannon Earl F. Shannon ( November 23 , 1921 -- July 8 , 2002 ) was an American professional basketball player and college coach . He played for the Providence Steamrollers and the Boston Celtics in the Basketball Association of America . In three seasons as a player he averaged 8.6 points and 1.3 assists per game . In one year as Bryant University 's head coach ( 1963 -- 64 ) , the program 's first-ever season , the Bulldogs went 12 -- 11 . In other coaching roles he served as the University of Rhode Island 's freshman basketball coach and an assistant on Providence College 's varsity men 's basketball squad . Shannon was also an agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fac6e94d524eb9afce2273ecd95a3c0f", "text": "Raymond Felton Raymond Bernard Felton , Jr. ( born June 26 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Felton played college basketball at the University of North Carolina under head coach Roy Williams . At North Carolina , Felton led the Tar Heels to a national championship before declaring for the NBA draft . Felton was drafted 5th overall in the 2005 NBA draft . Over his career , Felton has been a member of the Charlotte Bobcats , New York Knicks ( twice ) , Denver Nuggets , Dallas Mavericks and Portland Trail Blazers . He plays the point guard position .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1e82159684d97205e3ef5665f9be41b0	Bravo's The 100 Funniest Movies list ranks Sister Act among them.	[ { "docid": "a315ce4f21c47df8eef26c7650d53948", "text": "Sister Act Sister Act is a 1992 American musical comedy film directed by Emile Ardolino and written by Joseph Howard . Featuring musical arrangements by Marc Shaiman , the film stars Whoopi Goldberg as a Reno lounge singer who has been put under protective custody in a San Francisco convent of Poor Clares and has to pretend to be a nun when a mob boss puts her on his hit list . Also in the cast are Maggie Smith , Kathy Najimy , Wendy Makkena , Mary Wickes , and Harvey Keitel . One of the most financially successful comedies of the early 1990s , grossing $ 231 million worldwide , the film was rated # 83 on Bravo 's The 100 Funniest Movies list . It spawned a 1993 sequel , entitled Sister Act 2 : Back in the Habit , and a musical adaptation that premiered at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena , California , in 2006 , and opened at the West End 's London Palladium with previews from May 7 , 2009 . The musical then opened on Broadway at the Broadway Theatre in April 2011 , with previews beginning March 24 , 2011 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "88a8acdf0629157c61c273a5c7fe45c2", "text": "Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward . The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' . The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret . In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b79933457a12bf391402d918756e2d94", "text": "Ross Sisters The Ross Sisters were a trio of American singers and dancers comprising Betsy Ann Ross ( 1926 -- 1996 ) , Veda Victoria `` Vicki '' Ross ( 1927 -- 2002 ) , and Dixie Jewell Ross ( 1929 -- 1963 ) , who used the stage names Aggie , Maggie , and Elmira . They performed as a three-part harmony trio , who also danced and have become particularly noted for their acrobatics and contortionism . Their careers peaked during the 1940s , when they featured prominently in the 1944 film Broadway Rhythm , footage from which appeared in the 1994 compilation film That 's Entertainment ! III , and later online .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fb35d097e523999d2a65ddb8db7530f", "text": "The Twin Sister The Twin Sister is a 1915 American silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b06dc438fe330418ef5af037496b451", "text": "Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network . The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous . Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show . The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 . In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . '' In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title . In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "812513f9570ffa2bc42002c3196aef03", "text": "Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia . Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members . The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others . In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network . David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing . In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta . Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects . In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre . In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores . In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience . Official Website Category : Theatres in Atlanta", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a55af7a0b94ce496ceb778b2516f112", "text": "9 to 5 (film) 9 to 5 ( styled in the opening credits as Nine to Five ) is a 1980 American comedy film directed by Colin Higgins , written by Higgins and Patricia Resnick . It stars Jane Fonda , Lily Tomlin , Dolly Parton as three working women who live out their fantasies of getting even with , and their overthrow of , the company 's autocratic , `` sexist , egotistical , lying , hypocritical bigot '' boss , played by Dabney Coleman . The film grossed over $ 103.9 million and is the 20th highest-grossing comedy film . As a star vehicle for Parton -- already established as a successful singer and songwriter -- it launched her permanently into mainstream popular culture . Although a television series of the same name based on the film was less successful , a musical version of the film ( also titled 9 to 5 ) , with new songs written by Parton , opened on Broadway on April 30 , 2009 . 9 to 5 is number 74 on the American Film Institute 's `` 100 Funniest Movies '' and has an a 82 % approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dd6f0ecdccb8fdfa7a8f9494b0db834", "text": "Seinfeld: A XXX Parody Seinfeld : A XXX Parody is a 2009 American pornographic situation comedy film that parodies the American television sitcom Seinfeld which ran from 1989 until 1998 . Like other porn parodies , it has the same characters , settings and other production elements of the original show but adds an explicitly sexual element that was not present in the series . Written by A.J. Slater and directed by Lee Roy Myers , the plot is based on the episode `` The Soup Nazi '' . The film stars James Deen , Kristina Rose , Eric John , Steve Pomerantz , Evan Stone , Ashlynn Brooke , London Keyes , Natalie Horton , Tony Disergio , Sasha Grey , Sadie West and Cassandra Calogera . Released to DVD on June 29 , 2009 , the movie received positive reviews from critics , who enjoyed the acting , casting , sexual content and comedy . In addition to the positive reception , it also earned ten nominations at the 27th AVN Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca94caafc718c2c53580877ff30ec47c", "text": "Spy Hard Spy Hard is a 1996 American spy comedy film parody starring Leslie Nielsen and Nicollette Sheridan , parodying James Bond films and other action films . The introduction to the movie is sung by comedy artist `` Weird Al '' Yankovic . It is the first film to be written by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer . The film 's title is a pun of Die Hard . The film is directed by Rick Friedberg and produced by Doug Draizin and Jeffery Knovitz . The film was released by Buena Vista Pictures on May 24 , 1996 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics . While many praised Nielsen 's acting and its humor , most found the script , story and its direction lame . The film eventually grossed $ 26 million against a production budget of $ 18 million , making it a relative success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93801e5087f68b41c2c771643a155e17", "text": "Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman : A Class Act is a sketch-comedy special starring actress-comedian Tracey Ullman , along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters . It originally aired on ITV ; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a4dbc30e72828733b6d6ec1a13fe18", "text": "Miranda Sings Miranda Sings is a fictional character , developed on the internet , created in 2008 and portrayed by American comedian , actress and YouTube personality Colleen Ballinger . Ballinger displays videos of the comically talentless , egotistical , misguided and quirky character on her YouTube channel . In these videos , the eccentric , narcissistic , yet endearing character sings and dances badly , gives inept `` tutorials '' , recounts her daily activities , discusses current events that she often misunderstands , collaborates with other YouTubers , and rants about her critics , reading examples of hate mail directed at the character on social media ; she responds to them with her catchphrase : `` Haters Back Off ! '' . Ballinger created the character as a satire of bad but arrogant singers who believe that posting their videos on YouTube will lead to them breaking into show business . As of February 2017 , the Miranda Sings YouTube channel had surpassed 1.2 billion views and 7 million subscribers , and Miranda had more than 6 million Instagram followers . Miranda has been ranked the 7th `` most popular '' YouTube personality by Daily American , and the channel was ranked No. 38 of all time by NewMediaRockstars . The character also has an active presence on other social media . Since 2009 , in addition to her internet videos , Ballinger has regularly presented live comedy acts , in character as Miranda Sings , at first in cabaret spaces and later in theaters in New York , London , and other cities in the US , Canada , Europe , Australia and elsewhere . Her acts include Miranda 's signature off-key singing of pop music hits and show tunes , with introductions focusing on the character 's backstory . Her delivery is full of malapropisms , mondegreens and spoonerisms , and the acts incorporate interaction with audience volunteers , giving a `` voice lesson '' to , or singing a duet with , Broadway or other musical celebrities , reading hate mail , and singing while being stabbed through the neck in her `` magic trick '' . The character has appeared in web series , interviews and an episode of the TV show Victorious . In 2014 , she guest-starred in character on an episode of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee with Jerry Seinfeld and appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon . In July 2015 , she released a New York Times # 1 best-selling book , written in Miranda 's voice , titled Selp-Helf . Miranda is the main character in the Netflix original series Haters Back Off , which premiered in 2016 and has been renewed for 2017 . Ballinger won a Teen Choice Award and a Streamy Award for her Miranda videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867e8184fdc9d637274d4fd4f543c7ce", "text": "Gaiety Girls Gaiety Girls were the chorus girls in Edwardian musical comedies , beginning in the 1890s at the Gaiety Theatre , London , in the shows produced by George Edwardes . The popularity of this genre of musical theatre depended , in part , on the beautiful dancing corps of `` Gaiety Girls '' appearing onstage in bathing attire and in the latest fashions . The 1890s Gaiety Girls were respectable , elegant young ladies , unlike the corseted actresses from London 's earlier musical burlesques . Later , even the stars of these musical comedies were referred to as Gaiety Girls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af1080b43b867e805f7444b7f6f90ce7", "text": "The Theater Offensive The Theater Offensive is a Boston-based theatrical organization dedicated to the production of queer works . The Theater Offensive was founded in 1989 by Abraham Rybeck `` to present the diversity of lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender lives in art so bold it breaks through personal isolation , challenges the status quo , and builds thriving communities . '' The Theater Offensive mounts and produces festivals and individual productions by national and local queer performers , and also serves as a development environment for new theatrical work . In addition , The Theater Offensive works to build community through education , outreach , and political activism . The Theater Offensive has expanded throughout its history . The True Colors OUT Youth Theater troupe concentrates on producing dramatical works produced by young , queer artists . Up until the summer of 2008 , its `` A Street Theater Named Desire '' , a guerrilla AIDS activist theater troupe , enters gay cruising grounds and presents performances that promote safe sex and AIDS education . The Theater Offensive produces an annual Out on the Edge Festival of Queer Theater , which showcases new performing arts works by queer artists from around the world . It has been held each fall since its inception in 1992 . True Colors : Out Youth Theater , a program of The Theater Offensive and the country 's largest and longest-running lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and queer ( LGBTQ ) youth theater program , received the 2016 National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award from First Lady Michelle Obama , for its effectiveness in promoting learning and life skills in young people through the arts by engaging them in creative youth development programming . The National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award is the nation 's highest honor for youth arts programs , and True Colors , which was established in 1994 , is the first LGBTQ organization in history to receive this award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64495c0aa6f10544b728bf840cc5e0d", "text": "Novelty Act `` Novelty Act '' is a short story by Philip K. Dick . It involves a dystopian future in which the characters ' lives are based on entertaining the First Lady of the United States with `` novelty acts '' . Category :1964 short stories Category : Short stories by Philip K. Dick", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3addfe547a43f221cb838a1dbba5435", "text": "Just for Laughs: Gags Just for Laughs : Gags ( in French , Juste pour rire : Gags ) is a Canadian silent comedy/hidden camera reality television show that is under the Just for Laughs brand . It is based on the similar American series Candid Camera . The series is also on YouTube . In December 26 , 2000 , JFL : Gags began airing on French Canadian network Canal D . In the following years , the show was picked up by TVA , CBC and The Comedy Network in Canada , BBC1 in the UK , TF1 in France and ABC and Telemundo in the United States ; the Canadian version ( unlike the ones produced for ABC ) aired in the United States in first-run syndication starting in the fall of 2015 and ended in February 2016 . The series uses a hidden camera format , playing pranks on unsuspecting subjects while hidden cameras capture the subjects ' responses ; each episode presents multiple gags . While some segments have included brief dialogue , most do not contain any sound or dialogue ; the audio is replaced with sound effects , a laugh track , and public domain music . Most segments are filmed in Quebec City , Montreal and Vancouver , while some have been filmed in Mexico . British and Asian versions have been produced in the UK and Singapore , respectively . In 2011 the show spawned a spinoff , Just Kidding , which consists exclusively of kids playing pranks on adults . With its silent format and no translation required , Just for Laughs : Gags has been purchased for use in over 100 countries throughout the world as well as in airports and by airlines . Reactions to the gags range from `` inane '' to cross-culturally funny . The same distributors also distribute Surprise Sur Prise , a similar show . In March 2011 , Just for Laughs Gags entered into a partnership with Montreal-based , entertainment site , Videobash.com and now have their own devoted channel there . ( No video has been posted as of this writing . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1b977fafaeded7a84bbc866e7041d55", "text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions Part of the AFI 100 Years ... series , AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Passions is a list of the top 100 greatest love stories in American cinema . The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 11 , 2002 , in a CBS television special hosted by American film and TV actress Candice Bergen . Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn are tied for the most films in the list , with six each . They co-starred in two of them - Bringing Up Baby and The Philadelphia Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "316f165dfb80825179139bab0f6775bb", "text": "Susan Browning Susan Brown Browning ( February 25 , 1941 -- April 23 , 2006 ) was an American actress . Browning was born in Baldwin , New York . She attended Penn State University where she was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta . She was nominated for two Tony Awards : for Best Actress in a Musical for Company in 1971 and for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Goodtime Charley in 1975 . She was also featured on Broadway in the musicals Big River and Shelter , as well as several plays . Browning played one of the nuns in the 1992 movie Sister Act , as well as its 1993 sequel Sister Act 2 : Back in the Habit . Her television work included appearances on Law & Order , One Life to Live , Mary Hartman , Mary Hartman , The Monkees , The Girl From U.N.C.L.E. , and The Wild Wild West .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d87afdbf68bd9d3235aa48e5e4b068d8", "text": "Sarah Bird Sarah Bird is an American novelist , screenwriter , and journalist . She was born in 1949 in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Her father was an officer in the US Air Force , and her family ( a `` Catholic family of eight '' ) , including her mother , Colista Bird , travelled with him around the US and the world during her childhood . Sarah 's mother recognized signs of her daughter 's creative storytelling talent as young as kindergarten . She attended the University of New Mexico , earning a BA there in 1973 . Moving to the University of Texas at Austin , she went on to receive an MA in journalism there in 1976 . She is married to George Jones , and has one son , Gabriel Bird-Jones , born in 1989 . The family lives in Austin , Texas . During the mid-eighties , Bird was a founding contributing-editor to Austin 's Third Coast Magazine , for which she wrote numerous feature and humor articles . Bird 's first published novel was Do Evil Cheerfully , a mystery ( as Sarah McCabe Bird ) . In 1986 , her comic novel Alamo House was published based on her experience as a graduate student at the University of Texas . Bird wrote the screenplay for the movie Do n't Tell Her It 's Me ( 1990 , starring Shelley Long and Steve Guttenberg ) , adapting the Boyfriend School novel . The Boyfriend School and The Mommy Club , published by Ballantine in 1989 and 1991 , respectively , were both humorous novels drawing on Bird 's life experiences . In addition to novels , Bird has written screenplays for television and magazine articles for national women 's magazines . She writes a column for Texas Monthly . Virgin of the Rodeo was published in 1999 . Bird was named Austin 's best author in 2001 by the Austin Chronicle , the year she also published The Yokota Officers Club , a novel that draws on her experiences as military brat . She has also written screenplays for the National Geographic Channel and Hallmark , as well as the CBS movie Yesterday 's Children . Another novel , The Flamenco Academy , came out in 2006 . A new novel , How Perfect Is That , was published by Knopf in June 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c69e584bb71507b5f28bef5f5e27e1d", "text": "My Sister, My Love My Sister , My Love may refer to : My Sister , My Love ( film ) , 1966 Swedish film My Sister , My Love ( novel ) , 2008 novel by Joyce Carol Oates", "title": "" } ]	fever
99913e083dc6eff1552f5f0e823af6e7	Ron Perlman is an American actor.	[ { "docid": "72511b307122a402fe9a84a9229f6fec", "text": "Ron Perlman Ronald N. Perlman ( born April 13 , 1950 ) is an American actor and voice actor . He is best known for his roles as Clay Morrow on the television series Sons of Anarchy , Vincent on the television series Beauty and the Beast ( for which he won a Golden Globe Award ) , and as the comic book character Hellboy in both Hellboy ( 2004 ) and its sequel Hellboy II : The Golden Army ( 2008 ) . Perlman is also well known as a frequent collaborator of Hellboy director Guillermo del Toro , also having roles in his films Cronos , Blade II and Pacific Rim . He is also known for his voice-over work as the narrator of the post-apocalyptic game series Fallout , Clayface on Batman : The Animated Series , Slade on the animated series Teen Titans , The Lich in Adventure Time , The Stabbington Brothers in Disney 's animated film Tangled , and as the narrator of the television series 1000 Ways to Die .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ef6c99dc2d2bbf219a98de017fa26f63", "text": "Albert Salmi Albert Salmi ( March 11 , 1928 -- April 22 , 1990 ) was an American actor of stage , film , and television . He was noted as a character actor and appeared in over 150 film and television productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "512ef229ce2a4c6003030c5d475d442c", "text": "Elya Baskin Ilya Zalmanovich Baskin ( Iļja Baskins , Илья́ За́лманович Ба́скин born 11 August 1950 ) , known as Elya Baskin , is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ab3282c69103d1344d0ba902f7c4e8d", "text": "Danny Tamberelli Daniel Paul `` Danny '' Tamberelli ( born February 8 , 1982 ) is an American actor , comedian , voice actor and musician . He is best known for his roles as Arnold Perlstein in The Magic School Bus and Little Pete in The Adventures of Pete and Pete .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22d4d6edc573b36e2318b4945990d648", "text": "Harvey Friedman (actor) Harvey Friedman ( born 1959 ) , sometimes credited as Harvey Friedmann , is an American film , television and theatre actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e021f2ee4c70b36c5b56abf8e62374c", "text": "Peter Coyote Peter Coyote ( born Robert Peter Cohon ; October 10 , 1941 ) is an American actor , author , director , screenwriter and narrator of films , theatre , television and audiobooks . His voice work includes narrating the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics and Apple 's iPad Retina Display campaign . He has also served as on-camera co-host of the 2000 Oscar telecasts . His distinctive voice helped him win a News & Documentary Emmy Award in 1992 for narration of `` The Meiji Revolution '' episode of the PBS series The Pacific Century , as well as a Primetime Emmy Award in 2015 for Ken Burns ' documentary special The Roosevelts . He has often been compared with actor Henry Fonda . Coyote was one of the founders of the Diggers , an anarchist improv group active in Haight-Ashbury during the mid-1960s . Coyote was also an actor , writer and director with the San Francisco Mime Troupe ; his prominence in the San Francisco counterculture scene led to his being interviewed for the book Voices from the Love Generation . He acted in and directed the first cross-country tour of The Minstrel Show , and his play Olive Pits , co-authored with Mime Troupe member Peter Berg , won the troupe an Obie Award from the Village Voice . Coyote became a member , and later chairman , of the California Arts Council from 1975 to 1983 . In the late 1970s , he shifted from acting on stage to acting in films . In the 1990s and 2000s ( decade ) , he acted in several television shows . He speaks fluent Spanish and French .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b72d24db6e3ee47f5a0087950d3e8ce5", "text": "Ron Taylor (actor) Ronald James `` Ron '' Taylor ( October 16 , 1952 -- January 16 , 2002 ) was an American actor , singer and writer . He grew up in Galveston , Texas and later moved to New York City to attend the American Academy of Dramatic Arts . After graduating , Taylor began working in musical theater , appearing in The Wiz ( 1977 ) , before getting his break with the 1982 off-Broadway production Little Shop of Horrors . Taylor voiced the killer plant Audrey II in the show , which ran for five years and over 2,000 performances . Taylor created and starred in the musical revue It Ai n't Nothin ' But the Blues , which charted the history of blues music from its African origin to American success . Originally performed at high schools in Denver as a 45-minute piece , the revue was expanded to two hours , played around the country and opened on Broadway in 1999 . It was met with critical acclaim , ran for eight months , and saw Taylor receive two Tony Award nominations . He also had numerous television roles , appearing in The Simpsons , Twin Peaks , Ally McBeal and L.A. Law . His performance in the latter , as a singer who performed the American national anthem `` The Star-Spangled Banner '' at baseball games , led him to perform the anthem at several real-life sporting events . Taylor was married and had one son . He died in January 2002 after suffering a heart attack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5cea54b83e71e133a0216eff212fe05", "text": "Earl Hammond Earl Hammond ( June 16 , 1921 -- May 1 , 2002 ) was an American theater , radio , film and television actor , and , in his later years , a voice actor for several animated films and TV series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e2146fb2bd60f9126bdc8d9e1cda351", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (1987 TV series) Beauty and the Beast is an American fantasy-drama series which first aired on CBS in 1987 . Creator Ron Koslow 's updated version of the fairy tale has a double focus : the relationship between Vincent ( Ron Perlman ) , a mythic , noble man-beast , and Catherine ( Linda Hamilton ) , a savvy Assistant District Attorney in New York ; and a secret Utopian community of social outcasts living in a subterranean sanctuary . Through an empathetic bond , Vincent senses Catherine 's emotions , and becomes her guardian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b8719845ed3fa00ec10566f947ad871", "text": "Bad Ass (film) Bad Ass is a 2012 American action film written and directed by Craig Moss . The film stars Danny Trejo , Charles S. Dutton , and Ron Perlman . It is loosely based on the viral AC Transit Bus fight internet video and the films Gran Torino and Harry Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba186929e6828a958a1954e070a7651c", "text": "Stonewall (2015 film) Stonewall is a 2015 American drama film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by Jon Robin Baitz . The film stars Jeremy Irvine , Ron Perlman , Jonathan Rhys Meyers , Joey King , Caleb Landry Jones , Matt Craven , Atticus Mitchell , and Mark Camacho . The film was released on September 25 , 2015 , by Roadside Attractions . The drama is set in and around the 1969 Stonewall riots , the violent clash with police that kicked off the gay liberation movement in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c0dd10c817fc76a7122dd9e53e76b6", "text": "Paul Willson Paul Lee Willson ( born December 25 , 1945 ) is an American actor , most notable for his television work . He was born in Fairmont , Minnesota , the son of Doris Geraldine and Lee Wilford Willson . Willson has played numerous guest characters on a variety of shows including Full House as Stu in episode `` Crimes and Michelle 's Demeanor '' in 1990 , Curb Your Enthusiasm , Boston Public , Caroline in the City , The Newsroom and Star Trek : Voyager . He is perhaps most famous for his repeated guest character of `` Paul Krapence '' on the television show Cheers ( which he also reprised in an episode of the Cheers spin-off , Frasier ) . His character was originally called `` Gregg '' because Paul Vaughn was already playing a character named `` Paul '' on Cheers . For five years ( 1986-1990 ) he was Garry Shandling 's neighbor `` Leonard Smith '' on It 's Garry Shandling 's Show . Willson also appeared on Garry Shandling 's The Larry Sanders Show playing Larry 's accountant , and the brother of Sid the cue card holder . He played Ed , a neighbor , in a few episodes of Malcolm in the Middle . His film appearances include The Pack ( 1977 ) , The Devonsville Terror ( 1983 ) , My Best Friend Is a Vampire ( 1987 ) , Moving ( 1988 ) , 976-EVIL ( 1988 ) , Problem Child 2 ( 1990 ) , Circuitry Man ( 1990 ) , Plughead Rewired : Circuitry Man II ( 1994 ) and the comedy film Office Space ( 1999 ) as one of `` The Bobs '' . Willson also appeared on the CBS sitcoms The King of Queens and The Big Bang Theory . He was recently in a promotional video for the Nintendo DS game Personal Trainer : Cooking with Fred Willard . Although primarily recognized for his television work , he has been noted as a `` great improv player '' by Garry Shandling as a result of their time working together doing improv in the late 1970s . Cheers producer Ken Levine has also acknowledged Willson as `` one of the greatest improv artists I have EVER seen . '' Since 2012 he has appeared in television ads for Safeco Insurance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc01bf077369df0492daebe840683354", "text": "Patrick Cavanaugh Patrick Cavanaugh is an American television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f2987e754ce1cc14906e8add7599105", "text": "Ron Fassler Ron Fassler ( born March 4 , 1957 in New York City ) is an American film and television actor . He is best known for his role as Bryan Grazer , the LAPD captain in the Fox Network cult science fiction TV series Alien Nation . The series was canceled after a short run , but Fox brought it back in 1994 in a series of five TV movies . Fassler reprised his role as Captain Grazer in Alien Nation : Dark Horizon ( 1994 ) , Alien Nation : Body and Soul ( 1995 ) , Alien Nation : Millennium ( 1996 ) , Alien Nation : The Enemy Within ( 1996 ) , and Alien Nation : The Udara Legacy ( 1997 ) . His first TV role was in the 1981 TV movie Senior Trip , which also starred `` Alien Nation '' co-star Jeff Marcus . Seen as Ted Koppel in 2009 ` sWatchmen , Fassler 's first feature film appearance was in the 1990 comedy move Gremlins 2 : The New Batch ( 1990 ) . Other recent films include Charlie Wilson 's War ( 2008 ) , Hancock ( 2008 ) , Walk Hard : The Dewey Cox Story ( 2007 ) , For Your Consideration ( 2006 ) and Flags of Our Fathers ( 2006 ) . Fassler has made many guest appearances on TV shows ranging from NYPD Blue to The Facts of Life , Matlock , 7th Heaven and Star Trek : Voyager , along with recurring roles on Sisters and the recent critically acclaimed Side Order of Life . He even did multiple episodes of The Young and the Restless as Justin Johns . As a writer , Fassler co-wrote the Lifetime TV movie , How I Married My High School Crush ( 2007 ) and also wrote for the sitcom Murphy Brown . More recently , Fassler had a recurring role on the Disney XD sitcom Zeke and Luther where he played reporter Dale Davis . This role has also carried over to other Disney XD sitcoms including Kickin ' It and Pair of Kings . Fassler also appeared in the 2015 movie Trumbo . In recent years , Fassler has been directing shows at Priscilla Beach Theatre . A memoir , `` Up in the Cheap Seats '' which chronicles Fassler 's years as a teenage theatregoer , and includes interviews with more than 100 Broadway theatre artists , will be published in the fall of 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06f030be87ffb50173e040dce2fb489a", "text": "Perp walk A perp walk , or walking the perp , The term `` perp '' is short for `` perpetrator '' , and is commonly used by police departments for those they arrest . It is legally inaccurate since the arrested individual 's guilt has not been judicially established at that point . is a practice in American law enforcement of taking an arrested suspect through a public place , creating an opportunity for the media to take photographs and video of the event . The defendant is typically handcuffed or otherwise restrained , and is sometimes dressed in prison garb . Within the United States the perp walk is most closely associated with New York City . The practice rose in popularity in the 1980s under U.S. Attorney Rudolph Giuliani , when white-collar criminals were perp-walked . The perp walk arose incidentally from the need to transport a defendant from a police station to court after arrest , and the general prohibition of prior restraint under the U.S. Constitution 's First Amendment . Law enforcement agencies often coordinate with the media in scheduling and arranging them . It has been criticized as a form of public humiliation that violates a defendant 's right to privacy and is prejudicial to the presumption of innocence , but is defended as promoting transparency in the criminal justice system . American courts have permitted it on the grounds that it arises from the limitations and necessity of police procedure , but have also limited it only to those times when it is actually necessary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0cd69565c333e1d36fe44084ca53558", "text": "John Pankow John Pankow ( born April 28 , 1954 ) is an American actor . He is a series regular on the Showtime/BBC series `` Episodes '' , playing Merc Lapidus , the volatile former head of a major U.S. television network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226bc533b820700418b8901153510aa8", "text": "Alan Schneider Alan Schneider ( December 12 , 1917 -- May 3 , 1984 ) was an American theatre director responsible for more than 100 theatre productions . In 1984 he was honored with a Drama Desk Special Award for serving a wide range of playwrights . He directed the 1956 American premiere of Samuel Beckett 's Waiting for Godot , Edward Albee 's Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? and Tiny Alice ; the American première of Joe Orton 's Entertaining Mr Sloane , Harold Pinter 's The Birthday Party , as well as Pinter 's The Dumb Waiter , The Collection , and a trilogy of Pinter 's plays under the title Other Places ( including One for the Road , Family Voices , and A Kind of Alaska ) ; Bertolt Brecht 's The Caucasian Chalk Circle ; You Know I Ca n't Hear You When the Water 's Running ; and Michael Weller 's Moonchildren and Loose Ends . Schneider also directed Samuel Beckett 's only direct foray into the world of film , entitled Film . The short subject starred Buster Keaton and its direction is often mis-attributed to Samuel Beckett himself , notably during an exhibit at the Louvre in November 2006 . `` Film '' is a silent exploration of Bishop Berkeley 's principle ` esse est percipi ' ( to be is to be perceived ) . One of a select group of non-actors awarded membership in The Actors Studio , Schneider taught at Catholic University , City College of the City University of New York , The Juilliard School ( where he was director of the theatre program ) , the University of California , Riverside , and the University of California , San Diego , whose library maintains an archive of his papers . He was associated with Arena Stage for 30 years . He was also the co-artistic director of The Acting Company . At the time of his death , he served as president of the board of directors for Theatre Communications Group ( TCG ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7980d5ef1bdd83d82ffad03299d0f720", "text": "Tiny Ron Taylor Ronald `` Tiny Ron '' Taylor ( born November 21 , 1947 ) is an American film actor and former basketball player . He is possibly best known as Lothar in The Rocketeer ( 1991 ) and as Roc in Ace Ventura : Pet Detective ( 1994 ) , roles that exploited his 7 ft ( 2.13 m ) frame and craggy features . He also played Al , the tall police detective whose face is never seen , in The Naked Gun ( 1988 ) and on the TV series Police Squad ! . He has also appeared on television , including seven episodes of Star Trek : Deep Space Nine as the Hupyrian manservant Maihar ` du , and two episodes of Star Trek : Voyager as the Hirogen alpha Idrin . Taylor was born in Torrance , California . Tiny Ron attended North Torrance High School and graduated from the University of Southern California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f1f3fd83b9fbf83f7f5e405be9aec7d", "text": "Ron Ostrow Ron Ostrow is an American actor who mostly appears on television . His first major credit was in the Aaron Sorkin movie A Few Good Men in 1992 , where he played an MP . He was in the original stage version playing the role of The Sentry . He has since made appearances in many other Sorkin projects , including Sports Night , The West Wing , Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip and the upcoming The Newsroom . He has also featured in guest and recurring roles on a number of other television series , including Law & Order , Party of Five , Fired Up , Ally McBeal , Boston Legal and Scandal , as well as the films Charlie Wilson 's War and The Incredible Burt Wonderstone .", "title": "" } ]	fever
78a684b1f381880d132828347c30dac8	Amitabh Bachchan was never referred to as "Big B".	[ { "docid": "f90f72a8940329c1907abd9d68bf618f", "text": "Amitabh Bachchan Amitabh Harivansh Rai Shrivastava Bachchan ( -LSB- əmɪˈtaːbʱ ˈbətʃːən -RSB- ; born 11 October 1942 ) is an Indian film actor . He first gained popularity in the early 1970s for movies like Zanjeer and Deewaar , and was dubbed India 's first `` angry young man '' for his on-screen roles in Bollywood . Referred to as the `` Shahenshah of Bollywood '' , `` Star of the Millennium '' or `` Big B '' , he has since appeared in over 190 Indian films in a career spanning almost five decades . Bachchan is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema . So total was his dominance on the movie scene in the 1970s and 1980s that the French director François Truffaut called him a `` one-man industry . '' Bachchan has won numerous accolades in his career , including four National Film Awards as Best Actor and many awards at international film festivals and award ceremonies . He has won fifteen Filmfare Awards and is the most-nominated performer in any major acting category at Filmfare , with 41 nominations overall . In addition to acting , Bachchan has worked as a playback singer , film producer and television presenter . He has hosted several seasons of the game show , Kaun Banega Crorepati , India 's version of the game show franchise , Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? . He also had a stint in politics in the 1980s . The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri in 1984 , the Padma Bhushan in 2001 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2015 for his contributions to the arts . The Government of France honoured him with its highest civilian honour , Knight of the Legion of Honour , in 2007 for his exceptional career in the world of cinema and beyond . Bachchan made his Hollywood debut in 2013 with The Great Gatsby , in which he played a non-Indian Jewish character , Meyer Wolfsheim .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3a5a918253f05d0b036f1c3d5f630541", "text": "Sadhu Sant Sadhu Sant is a 1991 Hindi Indian film announced , starring Amitabh Bachchan and Mithun Chakraborty . The film was much awaited , but never graced theatres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29a0dac97ba93ead30a7ac88214c8c81", "text": "Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Ltd. . is an Indian entertainment company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "206835f069d1be9fd86c15df0f8ed1d4", "text": "Akshay Kumar Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia ( born 9 September 1967 ) , better known by his stage name Akshay Kumar , is an Indian-born actor who works in Bollywood films . Kumar is also a producer and martial artist who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films . Kumar has Canadian citizenship . Kumar won the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in Rustom and he has been nominated for Filmfare Awards several times , winning it two times . Box Office India listed Kumar as one of the most successful actors in the history of Indian cinema . In February 2013 , many media outlets reported that the net box-office collection of Kumar 's films had crossed and he was the first and the only Bollywood actor to do so . Having done so , he has established himself as a leading contemporary actor of Hindi cinema . When he began his acting career in the 1990s , he primarily starred in action films and was known for his appearances in films of the `` Khiladi series '' as well as other action films such as Waqt Hamara Hai ( 1993 ) , Mohra ( 1994 ) , Elaan ( 1994 ) , Suhaag ( 1994 ) , Sapoot ( 1996 ) , Jaanwar ( 1999 ) . Later , Kumar also gained fame for his drama , romance , action and comic roles . His performances in romance films like Yeh Dillagi ( 1994 ) , Dhadkan ( 2000 ) , Andaaz ( 2003 ) and Namastey London ( 2007 ) , as well as drama films such as Waqt : The Race Against Time ( 2005 ) . His comic performances in comedy films such as Hera Pheri ( 2000 ) , Mujhse Shaadi Karogi ( 2004 ) , Garam Masala ( 2005 ) , Bhagam Bhag ( 2006 ) , Bhool Bhulaiyaa ( 2007 ) , and Singh Is Kinng ( 2008 ) met with acclaim . In 2007 , he starred in four consecutive commercially successful films . Kumar hit a rough patch since 2009 to 2011 but came back with two successes , Housefull 2 ( 2012 ) and Rowdy Rathore ( 2012 ) with both of them grossing over . His other films like OMG ( 2012 ) , Special 26 ( 2012 ) , Holiday ( 2014 ) and Gabbar Is Back ( 2015 ) were highly successful critically and commercially . From January 2016 to February 2017 , he starred in four Rs 100-crore plus earner in a row with films Airlift ( 2016 ) , Housefull 3 ( 2016 ) , Rustom ( 2016 ) and Jolly LLB 2 ( 2017 ) . Apart from acting , Kumar has also worked as a stunt actor ; he has often performed many dangerous stunts in his films , which has earned him the sobriquet `` Indian Jackie Chan '' . In 2008 , he hosted the show Fear Factor -- Khatron Ke Khiladi . The next year , he founded the Hari Om Entertainment production company . In 2012 , he founded another production company called Grazing Goat Pictures . In 2014 , Kumar launched TV realty show Dare 2 Dance . He also owns the team Khalsa Warriors in the World Kabaddi League . In 2015 , Kumar was ranked 9th in Forbes ' first global list of highest-paid actors in the world . In 2008 , the University of Windsor conferred an Honorary Doctorate on Kumar in recognition of his contribution to Indian cinema . The following year he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India . In 2011 , The Asian Awards honoured Kumar for his outstanding achievement in Cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a985cba6e00d646ad56506e50edda672", "text": "List of films released by Yash Raj Films Yash Raj Films ( abbreviated as YRF ) is an Indian entertainment company , established by Yash Chopra in 1970 , that produces and distributes motion pictures . As of 2017 , the company has produced 71 Hindi films , including three that are yet-to-be-released , and one Tamil film . Yash Raj Films started a film distribution business in 1997 , and in addition to distributing their own productions , the company has handled the domestic and international distribution of 35 films from other companies . Yash Raj Films ' first release came in 1973 with the Chopra-directed Daag : A Poem of Love , a drama about bigamy , starring Rajesh Khanna , Raakhee and Sharmila Tagore . The company had four more releases in the 1970s , including the family drama Kabhie Kabhie and the action film Kaala Patthar , both of which starred Amitabh Bachchan . Yash Raj Films ' sole commercial success in the 1980s was the Sridevi-starring romance Chandni . The year 1995 marked the directorial debut of Yash Chopra 's son , Aditya Chopra , with the highly successful romantic drama Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge . Starring Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol , the film has the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history . Other successful releases of the 1990s were Darr ( 1993 ) and Dil To Pagal Hai ( 1997 ) , both starring Khan . In the 2000s , Yash Raj Films produced a larger number of films . In addition to directorial ventures from Yash and Aditya Chopra , the company launched several new directors , including Sanjay Gadhvi , Vijay Krishna Acharya , Kunal Kohli , Siddharth Anand , and Shaad Ali . Some of the company 's top-grossing films in that decade include Gadhvi 's action thrillers Dhoom ( 2004 ) and Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , Kohli 's romantic thriller Fanaa ( 2006 ) , Ali 's comedy film Bunty Aur Babli ( 2005 ) , Yash Chopra 's romance Veer-Zaara ( 2004 ) , and Aditya Chopra 's dramas Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ( 2008 ) . Beginning in 2008 , the company introduced a number of new actors such as Anushka Sharma , Ranveer Singh , Parineeti Chopra , and Arjun Kapoor . Yash Raj Films ' highest-grossing films came in the 2010s with the Kabir Khan-directed action thriller Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) , starring Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif , the third installment of the Dhoom franchise , entitled Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , featuring Aamir Khan , Uday Chopra and Abhishek Bachchan , and the sports drama Sultan ( 2016 ) , starring Salman Khan and Sharma . All three films rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors Rani Mukerji , Rishi Kapoor , Shah Rukh Khan , and Saif Ali Khan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b1de1e76732e6d9e29ed24caeb5ba50", "text": "Balika Badhu (1976 film) Balika Badhu ( Hindi : बालिका बधू ; translation : The Young Wife ) is a 1976 Hindi film produced by Shakti Samanta and directed by Tarun Majumdar . The film is based on the Bengali novel by the same name by Bimal Kar , about a young girl who is married before she is old enough to understand what marriage is all about , against the backdrop of Indian freedom struggle . Gradually she and her school-going husband grow as a couple and begin to love one another . The film was previously made into a Bengali film , Balika Badhu ( 1967 ) , starring Moushumi Chatterjee , by Tarun Majumdar himself . This romantic comedy drama stars Sachin with Rajni Sharma , Asrani , A. K. Hangal , Asit Sen , Paintal and Om Shivpuri . The music is by R. D. Burman and lyrics by Anand Bakshi , who penned several hits in the film including `` Bade Achchhe Lagte Hain ... '' , which was singer Amit Kumar 's first hit , and featured on the Binaca Geetmala annual list 1977 at # 26 . It was the second film of Mrityunjay Sil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c2834d5f3eeba69eb1599f29af0e079", "text": "Krishna Chandra Sharma Krishna Chandra Sharma , also known as Bhikkhu ( 12 October 1923 -- 29 September 2003 ) , was an Indian radio broadcaster and author . He was the Director General of All India Radio from 1980 to 1981 . He was a noted novelist and wrote over twenty literary works in his lifetime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ace249867fde9a3dda311053b79dfd37", "text": "Mr. Natwarlal Mr. Natwarlal is a 1979 Hindi action comedy film produced by Tony Glaad ( as `` Tony '' ) and directed by Rakesh Kumar . The film stars Amitabh Bachchan , Rekha , Ajit Khan and Amjad Khan . The music is by Rajesh Roshan , the songs are written by Anand Bakshi . The highlight of the film was a children 's song sung by Amitabh Bachchan . Ishraq-Suja , known for writing a novel named `` Shadman & Zarin er Bhalobasha '' , made their first filmwriting debut with this film . Tony decided to take them as the writer of the film . The film was shot in Kashmir with most of the shooting done in Beerwah , Jammu and Kashmir The name of film and lead character were inspired from a notorious Indian conman , Natwarlal . Getting Amitabh to sing was a gimmick that was tried for the first time in this movie . Kabhi Kabhi earlier had Amitabh use spoken verse within a melodic song , but this was the first time he sang in a movie . This was subsequently copied by other filmmakers in films like Laawaris , Silsila and Pukar . As per trade guide , which was premium box-office publication in the 1970s and 1980s , Mr. Natwarlal was a ` Hit ' . In today 's lenient classification system , Mr. Natwarlal is easy Blockbuster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2ad31a1ffab9309cd74749ef33f874e", "text": "Bhabhi (TV series) Bhabhi ( Sister-in-Law ) is an Indian Hindi language soap opera that premiered on 18 March 2002 on STAR Plus . The series was produced by one of India 's popular production house , UTV Software Communications , also known as UTV . It has ended on STAR Plus but is currently re-aired on TV Asia channel in USA . It ran for six years for a total of 1328 episodes , making it one of the longest running shows on Hindi television.Its title role of Bhabhi ( Saroj ) was played by Neha Mehta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8a52ee211762ae10bb04d45b0546875", "text": "Nikhil Nanda Nikhil Nanda ( born 18 March 1974 ) is an Indian buisnessman . Part of the Kapoor family , he is the son of insurance agent Ritu Nanda and industrialist Rajan Nanda , and the grandson of actorfilmmaker Raj Kapoor . He is the managing director of Escorts Limited , an engineering company that manufacture agricultural machinery , machine construction and material handling equipment and railway equipment . Escorts Limited was founded in 1948 by his paternal grandfather , Har Prasad Nanda ( known as H.P. Nanda ) . The company 's corporate headquarters is in Faridabad , Haryana , India . He is married to Shweta Bachchan , the daughter of veteran actors Amitabh Bachchan and Jaya Bhaduri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "353b856cb52d97d8e04d9a0bc2a9d489", "text": "Sanjay Bhatia Sanjay Bhatia is an Indian actor and script writer known for Bollywood films such as Drishyam ( 2015 ) , Prem Aggan ( 1998 ) and Airlift ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d12e5cf3eb0625a64aa07875cf4f90a", "text": "Amit Kumar Amit Kumar is an Indian film playback singer , actor , director , and music director . He is the son of the Indian singer and actor Kishore Kumar and the Bengali singer and actress Ruma Guha Thakurta . Like his father , Amit loved singing and from childhood used to sing during Durga Pooja functions in Kolkata . Once when he was performing on stage in a Durga Pooja function arranged by Bengali actor Uttam Kumar , people kept requesting more songs and this information reached his mother . She complained to Kishore Kumar that his son was singing `` filmy '' songs . Hearing that , Kishore Kumar decided to bring him to Bombay . Before that , Kishore Kumar had cast Amit as his son in two films that he produced himself , Door Gagan Ki Chhaon Mein and Door Ka Raahi ( with Amit as a teenager ) . The song `` Aa chalke tujhe , mein leke chaloon '' was filmed with Kishore Kumar singing to his eleven-year-old son Amit Kumar . He has sung many Bollywood and regional film songs since the 1970s and was more actively singing in Indian films from 1970 to 1994 as after death of R. D. Burman in 1994 , citing lack of good quality music being composed he withdrew from playback singing and concentrated on live orchestra shows since 1995 and continues to perform worldwide . In addition to singing in Hindi , has also performed in Bengali , Bhojpuri , Odia , Assamese , Marathi , and Konkani . He withdrew himself from film industry after 1994 and occasionally sings in films since late 2000 's .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3598db88f920774ba6d7e1ee6d22843", "text": "Bhai Amar Bhai Bhai Amar Bhai is a 1996 Blockbuster Bengali film directed by Swapan Saha and produced by Shree Venkatesh Films under the banner of Shree Venkatesh Films . The film features actors Prosenjit Chatterjee , Chiranjit Chakraborty , Abhishek Chatterjee , Anushree Das , Subhendu Chatterjee , Rozina in the lead roles . Music of the film has been composed by Anupam Dutta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75fa16717aebb4b24283d3efdaa2e78e", "text": "Chitralekha (1964 film) Chitralekha is a 1964 historical-philosophical Hindi film , directed by Kidar Sharma , starring Ashok Kumar , Meena Kumari and Pradeep Kumar . It was based on 1934 Hindi novel by the same name by Bhagwati Charan Verma about Bijgupta serving under the Maurya Empire and the king Chandragupta Maurya ( 340 BCE -- 298 BCE ) and his love for courtesan Chitralekha . Films music and lyrics were by Roshan and Sahir Ludhianvi and noted for his songs like , `` Sansaar Se Bhaage Phirte Ho '' and `` Man Re Tu Kaahe '' . It was a remake of Chitralekha ( 1941 ) , also directed by Kidar Sharma , which was the second highest grossing Indian film of 1941 . Unlike its previous version , this one did n't do well at the box office ; critics have suggested poor screenwriting and incorrect casting as reasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9154d9cf82bc7d643342cb4767f6d0cc", "text": "Nadeem Baig (actor) Mirza Nazeer Baig Mughal ( born 19 July 1941 ) , better known by his stage name Nadeem Baig is a Pakistani actor , singer and producer . Since the beginning of his career in 1967 , he has appeared in over two hundred films and has won various awards , including the 1997 Pride of Performance award . In Pakistan he enjoys the same status which Amitabh Bachchan enjoys in India", "title": "" }, { "docid": "077736b4b80cddd6e10a4c00740e31a4", "text": "Amar Akbar Anthony Amar Akbar Anthony is a 1977 Indian action comedy film produced and directed by Manmohan Desai . The film , which is based on the lost and found theme , is about three brothers separated from their parents and each other in childhood , and raised in three different faiths , Hinduism , Islam and Christianity . They unite in their youth to fight a common villain . It was the biggest blockbuster of 1977 , and won several awards at 25th Filmfare Awards including Best Actor , Best Music Director and Best Editing . The film stars three actors : Amitabh Bachchan ( as Anthony Gonsalves ) , Vinod Khanna ( as Amar Khanna ) and Rishi Kapoor ( as Akbar Allahabadi ) . Each of the heroes had an affiliation with a heroine ; these women were played by Parveen Babi , Shabana Azmi and Neetu Singh . Nirupa Roy , Pran and Jeevan played supporting roles . The music was composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal . Kishore Kumar sang for Bachchan and Mohammed Rafi sang for Kapoor . The soundtrack was one of Mukesh 's last soundtracks with Laxmikant-Pyarelal . Anand Bakshi was the lyricist . The film about religious tolerance became a landmark in Bollywood masala films . It also had a lasting impact of the pop culture , with its catchy songs , one-liners and the character of Anthony Gonsalves played by Amitabh Bachchan . It was later remade in Tamil as Shankar Salim Simon ( 1978 ) , in Telugu as Ram Robert Rahim ( 1980 ) and in Malayalam as John Jaffer Janardhanan ( 1982 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d9b10f940dea3147617d29548b4cd93", "text": "Mr. India (1987 film) Mr. India is a 1987 Indian Hindi science fiction superhero film directed by Shekhar Kapur . It stars Anil Kapoor , Sridevi and Amrish Puri in the lead roles The film was the highest grossing Indian film of 1987 , and remains a cult classic in India . The film was known for several of its lines and songs , including Sridevi 's Miss Hawa Hawaii performance , and Amrish Puri 's quote `` Mogambo khush hua '' ( Mogambo is pleased ) , which is one of the most famous quotes of Bollywood and became synonymous with Puri . The Mogambo character is also considered to be one of the best villains in Bollywood history . Laxmikant-Pyarelal 's music performed well too , especially the song Hawa Hawaii which is very popular till today . The film has often been featured in different lists of top Bollywood films . Indiatimes Movies ranks the movie amongst the Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films . This was the last film that the writing duo Salim-Javed wrote together . They had split up earlier in 1982 , but came back for one last film . On the centenary of Indian Cinema , Mr. India has been declared one of the 100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time . Interestingly Rajesh Khanna and Amitabh Bachchan were offered the lead role , but they turned it down as they could n't relate with the invisible hero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b5aaf2010ce78a09c9efffb91f795aa", "text": "Chakravyuha (1983 film) Chakravyuha is a 1983 Kannada film directed by V. Somashekhar . The film stars Ambareesh and Ambika in lead roles . This film marked the entry of popular actor Mukhyamantri Chandru into films . Produced by N. Veeraswamy for Eshwari Productions , this film also starred his son V. Ravichandran in a small role . Actor Tiger Prabhakar also featured in an extended cameo role . The film , upon release , met with hugely positive reviews and catapulted actor Ambareesh 's career to greater heights and coined him the title `` Rebel Star '' for his angry young man role . The film 's huge success inspired other language industries and was subsequently remade in Bollywood as Inquilaab ( 1984 ) starring Amitabh Bachchan and Sridevi and in Telugu as Mukhyamanthri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea3024ea8a8d308da76560e105895e50", "text": "Kailash Vijayvargiya Kailash Vijayvargiya ( born 13 May 1956 in Indore , Madhya Pradesh ) , popularly called `` Bhai '' or `` Bhiya '' ( big brother ) in local circles , is an Indian politician from Indore who is currently serving as National General Secretary of the Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) . He started his political career in the Indore Bharatiya Janata Party , and was the Mayor of Indore , a six-time legislator who has never lost an assembly election , and a state government cabinet minister for over 12 years before being elevated to the party 's central leadership . Vijavargiya was made in-charge of BJP 's election campaign for Haryana in 2014 ; after which BJP gained a majority in the assembly election . This victory would allow him to gain a more central role in party leadership , and in June 2015 he was appointed National General Secretary by Party President Amit Shah , and the new leader of the BJP in West Bengal . In March 2017 Kailash Vijayvargiya 's name was mentioned by the key accused in a child trafficking case in West Bengal . He was BJP 's national general secretary during that time . ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d8d45a771b53bb2c372e6a5a6c3e9a2", "text": "Miss 420 Miss 420 is a Bollywood romance thriller film directed by Akashdeep Sabir . The film stars the first Indian rapper Baba Sehgal who made his acting debut with this film . Sheeba Akashdeep , Shakti Kapoor , Aashif Sheikh and Tinnu Anand acted in supporting roles . The soundtrack of the movie was released in the year 1994 . The songs of the movie were extremely popular . However , the movie took a long time in making and was released after four years .", "title": "" } ]	fever
affe50ff072d6d3b242e76453945a879	Dean Martin was not an Italian-American singer.	[ { "docid": "064f2523286e57b9ab9948335b98c901", "text": "Dean Martin Dean Martin ( born Dino Paul Crocetti ; June 7 , 1917 -- December 25 , 1995 ) was an Italian-American singer , actor , comedian , and film producer . One of the most popular and enduring American entertainers of the mid-20th century , Martin was nicknamed the `` King of Cool '' for his seemingly effortless charisma and self-assurance . He and Jerry Lewis were partners as the immensely popular comedy team Martin and Lewis then afterwards , he was a member of the `` Rat Pack '' and a star in concert stages , nightclubs , recordings , motion pictures , and television . He was the host of the television variety program The Dean Martin Show ( 1965 -- 1974 ) and The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast ( 1974 -- 1984 ) . Martin 's relaxed , warbling crooning voice earned him dozens of hit singles including his signature songs `` Memories Are Made of This '' , `` That 's Amore '' , `` Everybody Loves Somebody '' , `` You 're Nobody till Somebody Loves You '' , `` Sway '' , `` Volare '' , and `` Ai n't That a Kick in the Head ? '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3f1c6a09be447d549ff88abe4573d428", "text": "Anthony Martin Sinatra Anthony Martin Sinatra ( born Saverio Antonino Martino Sinatra , ; May 4 , 1892 -- January 24 , 1969 ) was an Italian-American Hoboken city fireman , professional boxer , bar owner , and father of singer and actor Frank Sinatra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28e55faca29577ebcaf77d8a5c14f4a8", "text": "Al Martino Al Martino ( born Jasper Cini ; October 7 , 1927 -- October 13 , 2009 ) was an American singer and actor . He had his greatest success as a singer between the early 1950s and mid-1970s , being described as `` one of the great Italian American pop crooners '' , and also became well known as an actor , particularly for his role as singer Johnny Fontane in The Godfather .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25b263e092d53861bfa8da55ec57837", "text": "Martin (1978 film) Martin is a 1978 American horror film written and directed by George A. Romero . Romero claims that Martin is the favorite of all his films . The film is also notable as the first collaboration between George Romero and special effects artist Tom Savini . While not prosecuted for obscenity , the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 during the video nasty panic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895d503e29519e393bcae7d49d9a4e29", "text": "Mina (singer) Anna Maria Quaini ( born 25 March 1940 ) , known as Mina Mazzini or simply Mina , is an Italian singer . She was a staple of television variety shows and a dominant figure in Italian pop music from the 1960s to the mid-1970s , known for her three-octave vocal range , the agility of her soprano voice , and her image as an emancipated woman . In performance , Mina combined several modern styles with traditional Italian melodies and swing music , which made her the most versatile pop singer in Italian music . Mina dominated the country 's charts for fifteen years and reached an unsurpassed level of popularity . She has scored 79 albums and 71 singles on the Italian charts . Mina 's TV appearances in 1959 were the first for a female rock and roll singer in Italy . Her loud syncopated singing earned her the nickname Queen of Screamers . The public also labeled her the Tiger of Cremona for her wild gestures and body shakes . When she turned to light pop tunes , Mina 's chart-toppers in West Germany in 1962 and Japan in 1964 earned her the title of the best international artist in these countries . Mina 's more refined sensual manner was introduced in 1960 with Gino Paoli 's ballad `` This World We Love In '' , which charted on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1961 . Mina was banned from TV and radio in 1963 because her pregnancy and relationship with a married actor did not accord with the dominant Catholic and bourgeois morals . After the ban , the public broadcasting service RAI tried to continue to prohibit her songs , which were forthright in dealing with subjects such as religion , smoking and sex . Mina 's cool act combined sex appeal with public smoking , dyed blonde hair , and shaved eyebrows to create a `` bad girl '' image . Mina 's voice has distinctive timbre and great power . Her main themes are anguished love stories performed in high dramatic tones . The singer combined classic Italian pop with elements of blues , R&B and soul music during the late 1960s , especially when she worked in collaboration with the singer-songwriter Lucio Battisti . Top Italian songwriters created material with large vocal ranges and unusual chord progressions to showcase her singing skills , particularly `` Brava '' by Bruno Canfora ( 1965 ) and the pseudo-serial `` Se telefonando '' by Ennio Morricone ( 1966 ) . The latter song was covered by several performers abroad . Shirley Bassey carried Mina 's ballad `` Grande grande grande '' to charts in the U.S. , U.K. , and other English-speaking countries in 1973 . Mina 's easy listening duet `` Parole parole '' was turned into a worldwide hit by Dalida and Alain Delon in 1974 . Mina gave up public appearances in 1978 but has continued to release popular albums on a yearly basis to the present day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1919d3c258f4fc9d700894379675ac01", "text": "Rebel Without a Cause Rebel Without a Cause is a 1955 American drama film about emotionally confused suburban , middle-class teenagers filmed in CinemaScope . Directed by Nicholas Ray , it offered both social commentary and an alternative to previous films depicting delinquents in urban slum environments . The film stars James Dean , Sal Mineo and Natalie Wood . The film was a groundbreaking attempt to portray the moral decay of American youth , critique parental style , and explore the differences and conflicts between generations . The title was adopted from psychiatrist Robert M. Lindner 's 1944 book , Rebel Without a Cause : The Hypnoanalysis of a Criminal Psychopath . The film itself , however , does not reference Lindner 's book in any way . Warner Bros. released the film on October 27 , 1955 . Over the years , the film has achieved landmark status for the acting of cultural icon James Dean , fresh from his Oscar nominated role in East of Eden and who died before the film 's release , in his most celebrated role . This was the only film during Dean 's lifetime in which he received top billing . In 1990 , Rebel Without a Cause was added to the Library of Congress 's National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1be57945ba52964ca415e46fb68e0fef", "text": "Johnny Desmond Johnny Desmond ( November 14 , 1919 -- September 6 , 1985 ) , born Giovanni Alfredo De Simone , was an American popular music singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24368bd47f515ea68856f59caa01bfca", "text": "The Valadiers The Valadiers are an American vocal group from Detroit , Michigan , who became notable as the first white artists signed to Motown in the early 1960s . The group was formed in 1959 by Stuart Avig ( born 1943 , lead vocals ) , Marty Coleman ( lead , bass , baritone ) , and Art Glasser ( second tenor ) , who had all attended Oak Park High School , and Jerry Light ( bass , baritone ) , from Detroit Mumford High School . After auditioning for Motown , they received a contract and made recordings which went unreleased , before recording a song they had written , `` Greetings ( This Is Uncle Sam ) . '' The song was worked up by Motown staffers Robert Bateman , Brian Holland , and Ronnie Dunbar , who received co-writing credits , and was issued on the Miracle label , a Motown subsidiary for which this was its only hit record . The record reached # 89 on the Billboard pop chart in 1961 . The song also became a minor hit for the Monitors in 1966 . The Valadiers toured widely in packages with R&B stars including Marv Johnson , the Isley Brothers and Wilbert Harrison , and continued to release occasional singles with little success until 1964 , when they split up . Stuart Avig spent time in the US Army , later recorded as a solo singer under the name Stuart Ames , and occasionally performed with backup singers as The Valadiers . Coleman worked as a staff songwriter for Motown under the name Martin Cohen , placing songs with The Spinners , Gladys Knight and the Pips , and others . His biggest hit as a songwriter was The Precisions ' `` If This Is Love ( I 'd Rather Be Lonely ) '' , which was issued on Drew Records . Avig later worked in the precious metals business . In the 1980s , English record producer Ian Levine recorded him with other singers , as The Valadiers , issuing two singles on his Motorcity label . In 2003 , Avig reformed the group with new members Andy Alonzo , Donald Revels , and Nick Marinelli . Marinelli was an original member of The Shades of Blue , and the quartet began performing together under both names . The current group , consisting of Avig , Revels , Charlie Valverde , and Charles Davis , continues to perform together as the Valadiers and The Shades of Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ea24b4d834f30e1ef52d88571f3f215", "text": "Italian Music Awards The Italian Music Awards were an accolade established in 2001 by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry to recognize the achievements in the Italian music business both by domestic and international artists . The awards were given by an academy composed of 400 people , including music publishers , journalists , deejays , music producers , managers , retailers and consumers . The first Italian Music Awards ceremony was held on 5 February 2001 , to honor musical accomplishments for the period between 1 December 1999 and 30 November 2000 , while the fourth and last awards ceremony was held on 15 December 2003 . The fifth edition of the awards was initially scheduled to be held in the end of 2004 , but after being postponed in February 2004 and then in the Spring of 2004 , it was canceled due to the lack of a broadcast agreement with the Italian TV networks . The gap left by the Italian Music Awards was later filled by the Wind Music Awards , established in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0290a7d983e8da99233f0ea9f8ef49b", "text": "The Best of Dean Martin The Best of Dean Martin is a 1966 compilation album of Dean Martin songs , released by Capitol Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "620b53f2210f85136094f551baa45a49", "text": "Frank Sinatra Jr. Francis Wayne `` Frank '' Sinatra ( January 10 , 1944 -- March 16 , 2016 ) , professionally known as Frank Sinatra Jr. , was an American singer , songwriter , and conductor . He was the son of singer and actor Frank Sinatra and his first wife , Nancy Barbato Sinatra ; the younger brother of singer and actress Nancy Sinatra ; and older brother of television producer Tina Sinatra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff0db66024ddcf8bc7a58327af2ab1d1", "text": "From Elvis in Memphis From Elvis in Memphis is the fifteenth studio album by American rock and roll singer Elvis Presley , released on RCA Records . It was recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis in January and February 1969 under the direction of producer Chips Moman and backed by its house band , informally known as `` The Memphis Boys '' . Following the success of Presley 's 1968 Christmas television special and its soundtrack , the album marked Presley 's return to non-soundtrack albums after the completion of his film contract with Paramount Pictures . Presley 's entourage convinced him to leave the RCA studios and record this album at American Sound , a new Memphis studio at the peak of a hit-producing streak . The reason for going to Moman 's studio was for the soul sound of the house band , ` the Memphis Boys ' . The predominance of country songs among those recorded in these sessions gives them the feel of the `` country soul '' style . This impression is emphasized by the frequent use of the dobro in the arrangements . In any case , the Memphis Boys have a solidly southern soul sound . From Elvis in Memphis was released in June 1969 to favorable reviews . The album peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200 , number two on the country charts and number one in the United Kingdom , and its single `` In the Ghetto '' reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1970 . In later years , it garnered further favorable reviews , while it was ranked number 190 on Rolling Stone magazine 's 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11b90975f22880b71530b2f6d09d432e", "text": "I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am (album) __ NOTOC __ I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am is a 1969 studio album by Dean Martin arranged by Glen Hardin and Jimmie Haskell . Martin recorded very little in 1969 , only devoting two three-hour sessions in the Spring to record this album . I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am peaked at 90 on the Billboard 200 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e5c612a22500a4ab11db659acfc87f4", "text": "Hey, Brother, Pour the Wine Hey , Brother , Pour the Wine is a 1964 compilation album by Capitol Records released after Dean Martin moved to Reprise Records . It collects several non-LP singles and album tracks recorded by Dean while with Capitol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f27f79ec55e2ae1106f52e2a8ea32d3", "text": "Jimmy Dean Jimmy Ray Dean ( August 10 , 1928 -- June 13 , 2010 ) was an American country music singer , television host , actor , and businessman , best known today as the creator of the Jimmy Dean sausage brand . He became a national television personality starting on CBS in 1957 . He rose to fame for his 1961 country crossover hit `` Big Bad John '' and his 1963 ABC television series , The Jimmy Dean Show , which also gave puppeteer Jim Henson his first national media exposure . His acting career included a supporting role as Willard Whyte in the James Bond movie , Diamonds Are Forever ( 1971 ) . He lived near Richmond , Virginia , and was nominated for the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2010 , although he was formally inducted posthumously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fa6135b81cc1ce4c329c3d4d5d34e82", "text": "Martini In The Morning Martini In The Morning is an internet radio station based in Los Angeles . Martini in the Morning , often shortened to `` MITM '' to resemble traditional radio station call letters , was created when Los Angeles radio station Fabulous 690 XETRA ( originally Fabulous 570 KLAC ) was sold in February 2006 , to become a Spanish language station . Brad ` Martini ' Chambers who created the new , more contemporary `` Adult Standards '' format for his then employers , Clear Channel Radio is the Program Director and principal host along with ` Mother ' Miriam Garfield . The station broadcasts 24 hours a day and is based in Studio City , Ca . Their broadcast format is similar to what is commonly referred to as `` Adult Standards '' , featuring Jazz Standards , primarily songs from what is often referred to as `` The Great American Songbook '' . The station is active in promoting the genre that the `` Great American Songbook '' represents and ensuring this musical genre does not disappear from the air . There were once hundreds of American radio stations programming similar music . There are now fewer than 200 , and many of those are a mix of `` Great American Songbook '' tunes with a larger percentage of more current `` Adult Contemporary '' music . Martini in the Morning features music written by the likes of Hoagy Carmichael , Cole Porter , Irving Berlin , Rodgers and Hart , Rodgers and Hammerstein , Johnny Mercer , Henry Mancini , Jimmy McHugh , Dorothy Fields , Fats Waller , Jerome Kern , Sammy Cahn , Jimmy Van Heusen , and many others , performed by the historical greats like Ella Fitzgerald , Frank Sinatra , Dean Martin , Sammy Davis Jr. , Billie Holiday , Bobby Darin , Dinah Washington as well as the more modern `` crooners '' like Steve Tyrell , Tony Bennett , Diana Krall , Michael Bublé , Michael Feinstein , and established pop/rock and R&B artists crossing over into the genre , such as Sting , Paul McCartney , Rod Stewart , Queen Latifah , Lady Gaga and others . The station is available on-line through various means , using iTunes ( Golden Oldies ) , mobile apps including TuneIn Radio , StreamS HiFi , Reciva , vTuner , Radio Loyalty and others available through the App Store or Marketplace , or you can connect directly via internet address : http://martiniinthemorning.com or watch live in studio on-line during the stations 's `` Morning Show '' 6:00 AM -- 10:00 AM Pacific time at http://www.martiniinthemorning.com/martinivision.html or via Ustream.tv - http://ustream.tv/mitm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "446c40d507933f6d42a7b409f3e01bed", "text": "Dean Friedman Dean Friedman ( born May 23 , 1955 ) is an American singer-songwriter who plays piano , keyboard , guitar and other instruments , including the harmonica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c50fd24bab962aec3be30f3766cc701", "text": "Together Again Tour The Diamond Jubilee World is the concert tour by American recording artist , Frank Sinatra , with Dean Martin and Sammy Davis Jr. . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af81fa04a2d48334c84d8a0d707a8adb", "text": "Bad Girl (The Miracles song) `` Bad Girl '' is a 1959 doo-wop single by The Miracles . Issued locally on the Motown Records label , it was licensed to and issued nationally by Chess Records because the fledgling Motown Record Corporation did not , at that time , have national distribution . It was the first single released ( and the only one released by this group ) on the Motown label - all previous singles from the company ( and all following ones from the group ) were released on Motown 's Tamla label . Although The Miracles had charted regionally and on the R&B charts with several earlier songs , including `` Got a Job '' , `` I Cry '' , `` I Need a Change '' , and '' ( You Can ) Depend on Me '' , `` Bad Girl '' was their first national chart hit , reaching # 93 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Written by Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson and Motown Records ' President and Founder Berry Gordy , `` Bad Girl '' is a sad , remorseful ballad about a young woman , whom Robinson , as the narrator , says `` was so good at the start '' , but who later in the song `` is breaking my heart '' . It is in the popular doo-wop style , as several of The Miracles ' songs were during the late 1950s . The record 's success , coupled with the distributor 's failure to pay Gordy and The Miracles properly for its sales , prompted Robinson to urge Gordy to `` go national '' with it , meaning that Motown should do its own national distribution of its songs , and eliminate the middleman , to ensure that all money from sales of its records would go directly to the label . On the Motown/Universal DVD Smokey Robinson and The Miracles : The Definitive Performances 1963-1987 , Robinson and fellow Miracles Bobby Rogers and Pete Moore commented that the song 's success allowed the group to tour nationally for the first time , and to play New York 's legendary Apollo Theatre during the Ray Charles Show . The group was not ready for the appearance : it lacked performance experience and failed to produce professional big band arrangements to the satisfaction of theatre manager Honi Coles . Ray Charles intervened , took the group under his wing , and , with his band , created arrangements for their songs . Charles was one of the first to help them on their climb to eventual success . `` Bad Girl '' has since become a doo-wop classic and was named one of the 100 Greatest Doo-Wop Songs of All Time by Doo Wop Nation . It appears on several Miracles ' compilations , including Greatest Hits from the Beginning . The song was also performed by the group on their final live album , 1957 -- 1972 . It has been covered by the Dazz Band and by Motown artist Mary Wells , whose version was called `` Bad Boy '' and appeared on her debut album , Bye Bye Baby I Do n't Want to Take a Chance .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1457712becd13aa286c70af671a50cb0	Seattle's first major industry was logging.	[ { "docid": "17684f4c093ee1f072122528b4f5e4e0", "text": "Seattle Seattle ( -LSB- siˈætəl -RSB- ) is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 704,352 residents , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the Top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1 % . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1 % annual growth rate . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound ( an inlet of the Pacific Ocean ) and Lake Washington , about 100 mi south of the Canada -- United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling . The Seattle area was previously inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named `` Seattle '' in 1852 , after Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes . Logging was Seattle 's first major industry , but by the late-19th century , the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush . Growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company , which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing . The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s , with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region . In 1994 , Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle . The stream of new software , biotechnology , and Internet companies led to an economic revival , which increased the city 's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000 . Seattle has a noteworthy musical history . From 1918 to 1951 , nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street , from the current Chinatown / International District , to the Central District . The jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles , Quincy Jones , Ernestine Anderson , and others . Seattle is also the birthplace of hip-hop sensation Neema , rock musician Jimi Hendrix , origin of the bands Nirvana , Pearl Jam , Soundgarden , Alice in Chains and the alternative rock subgenre grunge .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2c3c9fde0c50e34d991419cf16781562", "text": "David Swinson Maynard David Swinson `` Doc '' Maynard ( March 22 , 1808March 13 , 1873 ) was an American pioneer , doctor , and businessman . He was one of Seattle 's primary founders . He was an effective civic booster and , compared to other white settlers , a relative advocate of Native American rights . His friendship with Chief Seattle was important in the formation of the city of Seattle , and it was he who proposed the city be named for this important chief . Maynard was Seattle 's first doctor , merchant prince , second lawyer , Sub-Indian Agent , Justice of the Peace , and architect of the Point Elliott Treaty of 1855 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecba8a17b4af4ab50ffed8c4cd660a5d", "text": "Seattle Weekly The Seattle Weekly is a freely distributed newspaper in Seattle , Washington , United States . It was founded by Darrell Oldham and David Brewster as The Weekly . Its first issue was published on March 31 , 1976 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ace5d5fbfa2f732048da63e61605233", "text": "Lake Union Lake Union is a freshwater lake entirely within the Seattle , Washington city limits and a major portion of the Lake Washington Ship Canal . Its easternmost point is the Ship Canal Bridge , which carries Interstate 5 over the eastern arm of the lake and separates Lake Union from Portage Bay . Lake Union is the namesake of the neighborhoods located on its east and west shores : Eastlake and Westlake , respectively . The northern shore of the lake is home to Gas Works Park . Notable features of the southern portion of the lake -- collectively known as the South Lake Union district -- include Lake Union Park , Museum of History & Industry ( MOHAI ) , and the Center for Wooden Boats . The George Washington Memorial `` Aurora '' Bridge carries State Route 99 over the western arm of Lake Union . The Aurora Bridge is so named because it carries Aurora Ave N down the western side of the lake . Lake Union 's westernmost point can be considered the Fremont Cut , which is located just east of the Aurora Bridge and is spanned by the Fremont Bridge . The Fremont Bridge carries Fremont Ave N between the neighborhoods of Fremont and Queen Anne and separates Lake Union from the rest of the Lake Washington Ship Canal to the west .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d2b6777dcd825627babd4aeb830cb85", "text": "Rustico Farm & Cellars Rustico Farm & Cellars is the location of a British Columbia , Canada heritage building . Originally a bunkhouse for 18 miners at the Sally Silver Mine above Beaverdell , British Columbia , it is believed the structure was constructed in the late 18th century as part of that mining company 's infrastructure . John Tokias , a Hungarian immigrant to Canada , who worked as a locomotive driver near the village of Beaverdell discovered the building and gained permission to dismantle it and relocate it the Oliver , B.C. area , some 3 hours distant . Although he planned to contract the moving of the massive logs , local companies refused his request as the journey entailed moving the structure down a mountainside by truck and it was determined that the tight switchbacks on the mountain roads were too dangerous . As Mr. Tokias was unable to move the massive logs in this traditional manner , he designed a small trailer , extended this trailer behind an old Volkswagen truck , and personally loaded and hauled the logs 2 or 3 at a time to the valley , then along the roads to a homestead site between the towns of Osoyoos BC ( on the Washington/US border ) and Oliver BC , a ranching , mining , agricultural town to the north . With his wife and two children he reconstructed the former mining bunkhouse on a mountainside overlooking the Oliver Valley facing southeast to Osoyoos Lake and the U.S. As the cedar roof of the original structure was in such disrepair that it could not be moved , John Tokias cut sod strips from the valley and mountainside and created a complete `` desert crust '' covering for his building . On this roof he placed numerous wild animal bones , antlers , skulls etc. . Not only was this his unique creative expression but they served to help the sod pieces to knit together to form a very practical roofing solution . The roof attracted a wide variety of birdlife , some species rare to the South Okanagan BC area . Today the sod roof also displays a number of cacti and flowering desert plants and its insulation abilities allow the log structure to remain cool in the heat of the desert summer and with a minimal amount of heat generated from recycled wood pellets , comfortable in the freezing temperatures of winter . Mr. Tokias , know locally as being somewhat eccentric , became a well-known wood carver , showing his works both in the community and afield . He collected all manner of mining artifacts and utilized many of his findings to establish , for his family 's purposes , a small vineyard where he planted Chancellor grapes ( French hybrid ) . Over the years , while continuing to work as a locomotive driver at the nearby Kettle Valley Railway , he planted the remaining 10 acre with other grape varieties , the harvests sold to neighboring wineries that were beginning to develop in the Oliver/Osoyoos corridor . Following John Tokias ' death his family continued to farm the land but eventually the property was sold . The purchaser further developed the vineyards and then built a small building to house a boutique winery operation . The winery was never operational and the property was resold to Bruce Fuller , a West Vancouver BC businessman . The hand-hewn log , desert-crust sod-roofed former mining bunkhouse , is called a , `` rustico #Noun '' , an Italian word for an immigrant 's rough countryside lodging , and has provided the name for Rustico Farm & Cellars . The current owners have revitalized the vineyards and have begun to graft over Cabernet Franc to replace the nearly 50-year-old Chancellor vines . Bruce Fuller , Proprietor of Rustico Farm & Cellars is a passionate collector of Canadian and American `` old-west '' artifacts and has showcased a collection on the property . The sampling room located in the winery behind a western-style false-front is aptly called a tasting `` saloon '' and displays much of his ongoing collection and is a welcome site for visitors looking to travel back in the area 's ranching , mining and agricultural history . An integral part of his collection includes three authentic wagons : a canvas-covered prairie grain wagon , an operational chuck wagon and a 1902 Doctor 's Buggy ( runabout ) . Category : Buildings and structures in British Columbia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19a8f25a4d1e1d1a339c70cc248b0a17", "text": "Forestry in Canada The Canadian forestry industry is a major contributor to the Canadian economy . With 42 percent of the land acreage of Canada covered by forests , the country contains 10 percent of the world 's forested land , made up mostly of spruce , poplar and pine . Forests and forestry in Canada are managed by Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Forest Service , in cooperation with several organizations which represent government officials , policy experts and numerous other stakeholders . Extensive deforestation by European settlers during the 18th and 19th centuries has been halted by more modern policies , and today less than 1 percent of Canada 's forests are affected by logging each year . Despite the low amount of land that is logged , Canada is the world 's second-largest exporter of forestry goods , and the industry contributes significantly to Canada 's surplus global balance of trade . Economic concerns related to forestry include greenhouse gas emissions , biotechnology , biological diversity and infestations of pests , such as the mountain pine beetle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed32818c3272caf8b6b240baa8e8486", "text": "Seattle process The Seattle process or Seattle way is a term stemming from the political procedure in Seattle and King County , and to a lesser extent other cities and the Washington state government . The term has no strict definition but refers to the pervasively slow process of dialogue , deliberation , participation , and municipal introspection before making any decision and the time it takes to enact any policy . An early definition came from a 1983 editorial in the Seattle Weekly , `` the usual Seattle process of seeking consensus through exhaustion . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4547363aca67288f61cdadecee6033fb", "text": "Pacific Fur Company The Pacific Fur Company ( PFC ) was an American fur trade venture wholly owned and funded by John Jacob Astor that functioned from 1810 to 1813 . It was based in the Pacific Northwest , an area contested over the decades between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , the Spanish Empire , the United States of America and the Russian Empire . Management , clerks and fur trappers were sent both by land and by sea to the Pacific Coast in the Autumn of 1810 . The base of operations was constructed at the mouth of the Columbia River in 1811 , Fort Astoria ( present-day Astoria , Oregon ) . The destruction of the company vessel the Tonquin later that year off the shore of Vancouver Island took with it the majority of the annual trading goods . Commercial competition with the NWC began soon after the foundation of Fort Astoria . The Canadian competitors maintained several stations in the interior , primarily Spokane House , Kootanae House and Saleesh House . Fort Okanogan was also opened in 1811 , the first of several PFC posts created to counter these locations . The Overland Expedition faced military hostilities from several Indigenous cultures and later had an acute provision crisis leading to starvation . Despite losing men crossing the Great Plains and later at the Snake River , they arrived in groups throughout January and February 1812 at Fort Astoria . A beneficial agreement with the Russian-American Company was also planned through the regular supply of provisions for posts in Russian America . This was planned in part to prevent the rival Montreal based North West Company ( NWC ) to gain a presence along the Pacific Coast , a prospect neither Russian colonial authorities nor Astor favored . The lack of military protection during the War of 1812 forced the sale of PFC assets to the NWC . While the transactions were not finalized until 1814 , due to the distance from Fort Astoria to Montreal and New York City , the company was functionally defunct by 1813 . A party of Astorians returning overland to St. Louis in 1813 made the important discovery of the South Pass through the Rocky Mountains . This geographic feature would later be used by hundreds of thousands of settlers traveling over the Oregon , California , and Mormon routes , collectively called the Westward Expansion Trails . The emporium envisioned by Astor was a failure for a number of reasons , including the loss of two supply ships , the material difficulties of crossing the North American continent and competition from the North West Company . Historian Arthur S. Morton concluded that `` The misfortunes which befell the Pacific Fur Company were great , but such as might be expected at the initiation of an enterprise in a distant land whose difficulties and whose problems lay beyond the experience of the traders . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa2a3a68520fcaa69a7938e67d7bbad4", "text": "Alaskan Way Alaskan Way , originally Railroad Avenue , is a street in Seattle , Washington , that runs along the Elliott Bay waterfront from just north of S. Holgate Street in the Industrial District -- south of which it becomes East Marginal Way S. -- to Broad Street in Belltown -- north of which is Myrtle Edwards Park and the Olympic Sculpture Park . The right-of-way continues northwest through the park , just west of the BNSF Railway mainline , and the roadway picks up again for a few blocks at Smith Cove . It follows a route known in the late 19th century as the `` Ram 's Horn '' ( because of its shape ) . Alaskan Way gives its name to the Alaskan Way Viaduct , which carries Washington State Route 99 through Downtown Seattle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fec21c1170695928a091d1c03788c6c", "text": "James N. Glover James Nettle Glover ( 1837 - 1921 ) is considered the founding father of Spokane , Washington . In 1871 two squatters , James Downing and Seth Scranton , had built a sawmill at the south bank of the Spokane Falls on the Spokane River . Glover and his partner Jasper N. Matheny , coming from Oregon , had recognized the investment potential and bought the claim of 160 acre and the sawmill from Downing and Scranton . Later Glover would become one of Spokane 's first bankers and mayor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "798323e601502f3534ba08fcbde29c58", "text": "Seattle City Hall Seattle City Hall ( also known as the Seattle Municipal Building ) is located in downtown Seattle , Washington , between 4th Avenue and 5th Avenue . The building houses the offices of the Seattle City Council and the Mayor of Seattle . Most city departments are located in the nearby Seattle Municipal Tower . In 2003 , the Seattle city government moved into a new , `` green '' city hall building . Until 1962 , the city government operated from the King County Courthouse , alongside the King County government . The new City Hall and Plaza , together with the adjacent Seattle Municipal Tower , Seattle Justice Center , and ( unbuilt ) Civic Square , comprise the Seattle Civic Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "485b7b7f0a2da7134e624a9a6f4c68ee", "text": "Northwest Woodworkers Gallery Northwest Woodworkers Gallery ( formerly Northwest Gallery of Fine Woodworking ) in downtown Seattle , is the oldest and largest woodworking cooperative in the United States . Started in 1980 in the Pioneer Square neighborhood by a small group of studio furniture craftsmen , the gallery has grown and fostered the resurgence of the Northwest Crafts movement . The co-op includes notable master woodworkers such as Evert Sodergren and Stewart Wurtz . Northwest Woodworkers gallery moved to the 2111 1st Ave in the Belltown neighborhood in 2012 . The gallery currently represents more than 200 woodworkers , including 27 members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0b8cb8f83ac82b2fb5c8300b424cc8f", "text": "The Collins Companies The Collins Companies , which began operations in 1855 , is a family-owned American forest products company . Headquartered in Portland , Oregon , Collins was the first privately owned forest products company in the United States to have all of its hardwood and softwood forests certified by the Forest Stewardship Council ( FSC ) . In addition to its forests and sawmills , Collins also : Manufactures siding and trim , particleboard , hardwood , and softwood lumber , and operates retail hardware and lumber yards in northern California . The Collins Companies include : Collins Pine Company , Collins Hardwood LLC , Collins Products LLC , Collins Builders Supply , and the Almanor Railroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4999b92f626e6cb920abd719b27c8f33", "text": "Samuel Elmore Cannery Samuel Elmore Cannery was a U.S. National Historic Landmark in Astoria , Oregon that was designated in 1966 but was delisted in 1993 . The home of `` Bumble Bee '' brand tuna , it was the longest continuously-operated salmon cannery in the United States , from its construction in 1898 until decommissioning in 1980 . The canned salmon industry was a cornerstone of the Northwest 's resource-based economy from the late 1860s until after World War II . Amidst declining salmon stocks , the cannery diversified into tuna in the 1930s . Due to structural deterioration , the building was slated for demolition in 1991 , and it burned in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb7e5bdc13c0ea11be26fa571cbeff76", "text": "Capitol State Forest The Capitol State Forest is a 91650 acre state forest in Thurston and Grays Harbor counties of the U.S. state of Washington . It includes part of the unusual Mima Mounds geologic feature . The Capitol State Forest is managed by Washington Department of Natural Resources . It is a multi-use forest with active logging operations and is open for off-road motorcycles , mountain biking , horseback riding , and hiking . It is approximately bounded by U.S. Route 12 to the southwest , Interstate 5 to the east and State Route 8 to the north . It roughly contains the Black Hills . Topographical Relief - 600 ft - 2,659 ft -- 575 Miles of Gravel Road Cities and towns near its borders include Olympia , Tumwater , Littlerock , Oakville , and McCleary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03bb5599494141142bc0884b7b79e6c1", "text": "Economy of Alaska The 2007 gross state product was $ 44.9 billion , 45th in the nation . Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $ 40,042 , ranking 15th in the nation . The state 's economy has been described by University of Alaska Anchorage economist Scott Goldsmith as a `` three-legged stool '' - with one leg being the petroleum and gas industry , the second leg being the federal government and the third leg being all other industries and services . Between 2004 and 2006 , the federal government was responsible for 135,000 Alaska jobs , the petroleum sector provided 110,000 jobs and all other industries and services combined for 122,000 jobs . Alaska 's main export product after oil and natural gas is seafood , primarily salmon , cod , Pollock and crab . Agriculture represents only a fraction of the Alaskan economy . Agricultural production is primarily for consumption within the state and includes nursery stock , dairy products , vegetables , and livestock . Manufacturing is limited , with most foodstuffs and general goods imported from elsewhere . Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction , shipping , and transportation . Military bases are a significant component of the economy in both Fairbanks and Anchorage . Federal subsidies are also an important part of the economy , allowing the state to keep taxes low . Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum , natural gas , coal , gold , precious metals , zinc and other mining , seafood processing , timber and wood products . There is also a growing service and tourism sector . Tourists have contributed to the economy by supporting local lodging .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5083c86259a3c71ceaef4abb5cdc416e", "text": "MV Westward MV Westward is an 86 ft motor yacht , `` arguably Seattle 's most famous motor yacht , '' originally constructed in 1924 by Ted Geary for inventor Campbell Church , Sr. , and currently owned by Hugh Reilly . Its home port is Seattle , Washington and it is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . The Westward was modeled after a salmon cannery tender and constructed -- around a 1923 Atlas-Imperial diesel engine -- at the Martinolich Shipyard on Maury Island near Seattle . It was designed to travel the Inside Passage along the British Columbia coast to Alaska . Its construction marked a turning point in Geary 's career : previously he had built workboats ; from this time he built yachts . In its early years , expeditions on the Westward were hunting expeditions , with `` a Norwegian whale gun shooting harpoons fitted with time fuse bombs , a 10-horse gasoline winch with thirty-six hundred feet -LSB- 1097 meters -RSB- of quarter-inch -LSB- 0.6 cm -RSB- plow steel cable as a fishing line , and all of the accessories for ` scrapping it out ' with fifty-ton -LSB- about 45 metric tonnes -RSB- whales '' . These expeditions were led by Church 's son Campbell Church , Jr. , who founded The Alaska Coast Hunting and Cruising Company . The Churches ended up owning numerous notable motor yachts . Besides the Westward were the Nooya , Deerleap , Caroline , Alarwee , Acania , Onawa , Malibu , Cadrew , Electra , Olympus , and Taconite . Campbell Jr. made extensive films of his journeys . Among the many people who have traveled aboard the Westward are A. C. Gilbert , inventor of the Erector Set , George Eastman ( of Eastman Kodak ) , banker Paul Mellon , George Pabst of Pabst Brewing Company , investor E.F. Hutton and his wife Marjorie Merriweather Post , Walt Disney , John Wayne , Phil Harris , Fibber McGee & Molly and Amos & Andy . During World War II , the Westward was pressed into military service . Don Gumpertz bought the Westward in 1967 and circumnavigated the globe in it in the 1970s . Current owner Hugh Reilly , once the owner of a fleet of fishing trawlers in the Alaska seafood industry ( coincidentally named Westward Trawlers ) , bought the Westward in 1993 . From 1997 to 2004 he returned it to its roots as a vessel for Alaska tourism ( minus the blood sports ) . He then put the boat through a major refitting before taking it on a two-year tour of the Pacific , from which he returned in early September 2008 . After a brief visit to Puget Sound , he took it down the West Coast to Mexico and then in May 2009 crossed for the South Pacific . The Westwardis slated to make a trip along the Inside Passage in the spring of 2013 . The Westward is still powered by its original 1923 Atlas-Imperial diesel engine . which provides 110 horsepower and gives her a cruising speed of eight knots . http://classicyacht.org/westward/?page_id=26", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf7761a27e59c4cd770bd756214b4242", "text": "Ballard, Seattle Ballard is a neighborhood located in the northwestern part of Seattle , Washington . To the north it is bounded by Crown Hill , ( N.W. 85th Street ) ; to the east by Greenwood , Phinney Ridge and Fremont ( along 8th Avenue N.W. ) ; to the south by the Lake Washington Ship Canal ; and to the west by Puget Sound 's Shilshole Bay . The neighborhood 's landmarks include the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks ( known locally as the `` Ballard Locks '' ) , the Nordic Heritage Museum , the Shilshole Bay Marina , and Golden Gardens Park . The neighborhood 's main thoroughfares running north-south are Seaview , 32nd , 24th , Leary , 15th , and 8th Avenues N.W. ; East-west traffic is carried by N.W. Leary Way and N.W. 85th , 80th , 65th , and Market Streets ( east - and westbound ) . The Ballard Bridge carries 15th Avenue over Salmon Bay to the Interbay neighborhood , and the Salmon Bay Bridge carries the BNSF Railway tracks across the bay , west of the Ballard Locks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c5a48b09a70a45bdf6a722987a9e337", "text": "George Anson Meigs George Anson Meigs ( February 4 , 1816 , Shelburne , Vermont -- March 3 , 1897 , in Seattle , Washington ) was a prominent entrepreneur , businessman and shipbuilder in Washington Territory . He was the eighth child of Whiting Meigs and Charlotte ( Grennell ) Meigs . He received his common school education there and then ventured to Newark , New Jersey , Brooklyn , New York , Key West , Florida , Memphis , Tennessee and New Orleans , Louisiana . He ultimately went to California during the gold rush of 1849 , where he opened a lumber business in San Francisco . In 1854 , Meigs purchased a lumber mill from J.J. Felt who had moved it from Appletree Cove , near the present city of Kingston , Washington to a new location at Port Madison , on Bainbridge Island . Port Madison was founded by Meigs . Meigs enlarged and improved the mill and spent most of his time there , leaving the lumber yard in San Francisco to William H. Gawley . By 1858 , Meigs had developed a capacity at the mill of 15,000 board feet ( 35 m ³ ) per day and it soon ranked with the principal lumber producing plants on Puget Sound . In addition to the lumber mill , Meigs established a dairy farm near the middle of Bainbridge Island . In 1858 , Meigs married Mary Elizabeth Tappan , daughter of Charles Ogden Tappan , in Boston , Massachusetts . The couple had two children , Lillie Charlotte Meigs ( 1859 -- 1927 ) and George Elroy Meigs ( 1861 -- 1870 ) . Meigs later built the first brass and iron foundry in Washington Territory and a shipyard . From his shipyard came the first full-rigged sailing ship ever built on the Pacific Coast , the Wildwood . Although there was an abundant supply of timber on the coast , the Pacific shipbuilding industry had been held back by the fact that Douglas fir , the principal timber source , was found to decay rapidly . Not until it was discovered that Douglas fir was durable if cut in the winter , seasoned and salted was any attempt made to construct ships of it . The Wildwood , at 1099 tons , was the first . Meigs assisted in the construction of the University of Washington and served as one of its regents during the early 1860s . On February 18 , 1861 , a boiler explosion made a wreck of Meigs ' Puget Sound mill . Five men were killed , and the cost of rebuilding just about broke Meigs . In 1864 , the mill burned once more and the loss was put at $ 100,000 . Again , Meigs rebuilt and enlarged the mill 's capacity . During the first six months of 1870 , running day and night , the mill cut and shipped 11,872,000 board feet ( 28,000 m ³ ) of lumber . Meigs ' fleet of ships had also expanded to 45,000 tons , including the Northern and Tidal Wave . Meigs weathered business depressions and other problems , including his partner 's , William H. Gawley 's , speculation with funds taken from the company . Finally , by 1881 , financial and legal difficulties could not be overcome and the mill complex on Bainbridge Island was sold at a sheriff 's auction . Meigs spent the last years of life on his property at Port Madison . On March 3 , 1897 , Meigs had gone to testify in a libel action in Seattle , Washington . On his way back to the ship , which was to leave that night for Port Madison , Meigs disappeared . His body was found the next morning on the deck of a freighter . The coroner 's jury held that Meigs had gotten lost in the dark and his death was accidental .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbdf7521f9a41057cb02de9872f82d14", "text": "Timber framing Timber framing and `` post-and-beam '' construction are methods of building with heavy timbers ( posts and beams ) rather than dimensional lumber such as 2x4s . Traditional timber framing is the method of creating structures using heavy squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs ( larger versions of the mortise and tenon joints in furniture ) . It is commonplace in wooden buildings from the 19th century and earlier . The method comes from making things out of logs and tree trunks without modern high tech saws to cut lumber from the starting material stock . Hewing with broadaxes , adzes , and draw knives and using hand-powered braces and augers ( brace and bit ) and other laborious woodworking , artisans or framers could gradually assemble a building capable of bearing heavy weight without excessive use of interior space given over to vertical support posts . Since this building method has been used for thousands of years in many parts of the world , many styles of historic framing have developed . These styles are often categorized by the type of foundation , walls , how and where the beams intersect , the use of curved timbers , and the roof framing details . Three basic types of timber frames in English-speaking countries are the box frame , cruck frame , and aisled frame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66318c39836b6c7e3e014f16d8986311", "text": "Chief Seattle Chief Seattle ( c. 1786 -- June 7 , 1866 ) was a Suquamish Tribe ( Suquamish ) and Dkhw ` Duw ` Absh ( Duwamish ) chief . A prominent figure among his people , he pursued a path of accommodation to white settlers , forming a personal relationship with `` Doc '' Maynard . The city of Seattle , in the U.S. state of Washington , was named after him . A widely publicized speech arguing in favor of ecological responsibility and respect of Native Americans ' land rights had been attributed to him . However , what he actually said has been lost through translation and rewriting . The name Seattle is an anglicization of the modern Duwamish conventional spelling Si'ahl , equivalent to the modern Lushootseed spelling siʔaɫ -LSB- ˈsiʔaːɬ -RSB- . He is also known as Sealth , Seathle , Seathl , or See-ahth .", "title": "" } ]	fever
38837020c554e52f5155917e5d3ccaf0	War Dogs stars an actor.	[ { "docid": "5723d93e5e16923f963e78b1b7b11c1f", "text": "War Dogs (2016 film) War Dogs is a 2016 American biographical black comedy-drama film directed by Todd Phillips and written by Phillips , Jason Smilovic and Stephen Chin , based on a Rolling Stone article by Guy Lawson . Lawson then wrote a book titled Arms and the Dudes detailing the story . The film follows two arms dealers , Efraim Diveroli and David Packouz , who receive a US Army contract to supply munitions for the Afghan National Army worth approximately $ 300 million . The film is heavily fictionalized and dramatized , and some of its events , such as the duo driving through Iraq , were either invented or based on other events , such as screenwriter Stephen Chin 's own experiences . The film stars Jonah Hill , Miles Teller , Ana de Armas and Bradley Cooper , who also co-produced . Filming began on March 2 , 2015 in Romania . The film premiered in New York City on August 3 , 2016 and was theatrically released by Warner Bros. . Pictures on August 19 , 2016 . It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $ 86 million . Hill received a Golden Globe nomination for his performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05f897a09ba0fc0fae8cdc60f2a30c63", "text": "Bradley Cooper Bradley Charles Cooper ( born January 5 , 1975 ) is an American actor and producer . He was one of the world 's highest-paid actors for three years , and has been nominated for various accolades , including four Academy Awards , two BAFTA Awards and two Golden Globe Awards . Cooper appeared in Forbes Celebrity 100 on two occasions and Time list of 100 most influential people in the world in 2015 . Cooper enrolled in the MFA program at the Actors Studio , New York City in 2000 . His career began with a guest role in the television series Sex and the City in 1999 and his film debut came two years later in Wet Hot American Summer . He first gained recognition as Will Tippin in the spy-action television show Alias ( 2001 -- 2006 ) , and achieved minor success with a supporting part in the comedy film Wedding Crashers ( 2005 ) . His breakthrough role came in 2009 with The Hangover , a commercially successful comedy which spawned two sequels in 2011 and 2013 . Cooper 's portrayal of a struggling writer in the thriller Limitless ( 2011 ) and a rookie police officer in the crime drama The Place Beyond the Pines ( 2012 ) drew praise from critics . He found greater success with the romantic comedy-drama Silver Linings Playbook ( 2012 ) , the black comedy crime film American Hustle ( 2013 ) , and the biopic American Sniper ( 2014 ) . For his work in these films , Cooper was nominated for Academy Awards -- two Best Actor , one Best Supporting Actor , and one Best Picture . Cooper became the tenth actor to receive an Academy Award nomination in three consecutive years . In 2014 , he portrayed Joseph Merrick in a Broadway revival of The Elephant Man , garnering a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f5067aaab83726ee338b3c669acd0431", "text": "Anthony Mackie Anthony Dwane Mackie ( born September 23 , 1978 ) is an American actor . He has been featured in feature films , television series , and Broadway and Off-Broadway plays , including Ma Rainey 's Black Bottom , Drowning Crow , McReele , A Soldier 's Play , and Carl Hancock Rux 's Talk , for which he won an Obie Award in 2002 . In 2002 , he was featured in Eminem 's debut film , 8 Mile . He was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his role in Brother to Brother . His second nomination was for Best Supporting Actor at the 2009 Independent Spirit Awards for his role in The Hurt Locker . In 2014 , he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Sam Wilson / Falcon , making his first appearance in Captain America : The Winter Soldier , and reprising the role in Avengers : Age of Ultron , Ant-Man , and Captain America : Civil War . In May 2016 , he co-starred in the HBO TV film All the Way as Martin Luther King Jr. , opposite Bryan Cranston , who was reprising his Tony Award-winning performance as President Lyndon B. Johnson in the play of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d7d56d6ff8ede4caef8ffea11a7bd30", "text": "Dogs of War (1989 video game) Dogs of War is a run and gun game developed and published in 1989 by Elite Systems for the Amiga and Atari ST. The name `` Dogs of War '' is probably taken from the 1981 movie The Dogs of War . The acclaimed game music was made by David Whittaker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa356c4beef3c86388cce264f722f588", "text": "Troy Winbush Troy Winbush ( born March 12 , 1970 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65ef3a9f3f07af1ef057b7bcaa6ce557", "text": "Duane Howard Duane Howard ( born 1963 ) is a First Nations actor who is best known for his role as the Arikara chief Elk Dog in the 2015 film The Revenant . He has also appeared in Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee ( 2007 ) , Pathfinder ( 2007 ) , The Sun At Midnight ( 2016 ) and other films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b6e5cab2771353ca1929c6e8d1c0fd3", "text": "Jay Pickett Jay Pickett ( born February 10 , 1961 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27073b4433bb5f0e3d208f95495d263", "text": "Sam Rockwell Samuel Rockwell ( born November 5 , 1968 ) is an American actor known for independent and mainstream films . He is known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs ( 1997 ) , Confessions of a Dangerous Mind ( 2002 ) , Matchstick Men ( 2003 ) , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) , Choke ( 2008 ) , Moon ( 2009 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , and Mr. Right ( 2015 ) , as well as for his supporting roles in The Green Mile ( 1999 ) , Galaxy Quest ( 1999 ) , The Assassination of Jesse James ( 2007 ) , Frost/Nixon ( 2008 ) , Conviction ( 2010 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) , and Poltergeist ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8786c3c2047f9f315f2d7c1b692a700b", "text": "War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is an upcoming American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves . It is a sequel to the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series . The film stars Andy Serkis , Woody Harrelson , Steve Zahn , Amiah Miller , Karin Konoval and Terry Notary . Principal photography began on October 14 , 2015 , in Vancouver . The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0953602a3a6db1defe57af8b386dcb0f", "text": "Wings Hauser Wings Hauser ( born December 12 , 1947 ) is an American actor , director , and film writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ccc6b28316ae31a18e361e2f5b2c3b2", "text": "To End All Wars To End All Wars is a 2001 war film starring Robert Carlyle , Kiefer Sutherland and Sakae Kimura and directed by David L. Cunningham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1e6e12b53cf3ef3b8fd071621cd76b9", "text": "Varian's War Varian 's War ( aka Varian 's War : The Forgotten Hero ) is a 2001 joint Canadian/American/United Kingdom film made-for-television drama . The film was written and directed by Lionel Chetwynd , based on the life and wartime exploits of Varian Fry who saved more than 2,000 Jewish artists from occupied France . Varian 's War stars William Hurt , heading an all-star ensemble cast of Julia Ormond , Matt Craven , Maury Chaykin , Alan Arkin and Lynn Redgrave .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e338dfb78f68f66e838614e2a170676", "text": "Anthony Howell (actor) Anthony Howell ( born 27 June 1971 ) is an English actor , best known for his starring role as Sgt. Paul Milner in the British TV series '' Foyle 's War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d004999764a4b4ebd128bd7007ac6e9b", "text": "Wayne Pygram Wayne Pigram ( born 13 October 1959 ) , better known by his stage name Wayne Pygram , is an Australian actor , known for his role as Scorpius in the science fiction series Farscape ( 2000 -- 2003 ) and the miniseries that followed , Farscape : The Peacekeeper Wars ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08457daae1a4893dbe3cf42bcaad6c69", "text": "Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03692b5ddbd2a456457441162ee4215d", "text": "George Harris (actor) George William Harris ( born 20 October 1949 ) is a British actor of film , stage , television , radio and musical theatre . His notable roles include Kingsley Shacklebolt in the Harry Potter film series , Captain Simon Katanga in Raiders of the Lost Ark and Clive King in popular medical drama Casualty , where he was one of the original cast members . He also played real-life Somali warlord Osman Ali Atto in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a7c75d6063c5f10579626f13da78588", "text": "Horse Soldiers (film) Horse Soldiers is an upcoming 2018 American war drama film directed by Nicolai Fuglsig and written by Peter Craig and Ted Tally , based on Doug Stanton 's non-fiction book of same name , about the CIA agents and U.S. Special Forces sent to Afghanistan right after the September 11 attacks . The film stars Chris Hemsworth , Michael Shannon , Michael Peña , Austin Stowell , Trevante Rhodes , and Rob Riggle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9c1011eba39e4e58025d15e5fc4e1c1", "text": "War Wolves (film) War Wolves is a 2009 television movie that originally aired on the Syfy network on March 8 , 2009 . The film stars John Saxon and Michael Worth , who also serves as the film 's director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4651c21c82ce5537c936c66da646ae46", "text": "Michael T. Weiss Michael Terry Weiss ( born February 2 , 1962 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fc2b2874ad05f390116f6fe827a193d", "text": "Kurt McKinney Kurt Robin McKinney ( born February 15 , 1962 in Louisville , Kentucky ) is an American actor . McKinney is perhaps best known for his role as Jason Stillwell in 1986 martial arts film No Retreat , No Surrender .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9648721d64605ddb81fc969e6a728006", "text": "Derek Waring Derek Waring ( born Derek Barton-Chapple ; 26 April 1927 -- 20 February 2007 ) was an English actor who is best remembered for playing Detective Inspector Goss in Z-Cars from 1969 to 1973 . He was married to the actress Dorothy Tutin .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8260f9b6149f2613e7fbbafaa8622a29	Cougar Town premiered in 2009.	[ { "docid": "ec43c1058dfd37f80a017f1e5836d72f", "text": "Cougar Town Cougar Town was an American television sitcom that ran for 102 episodes over six seasons , from September 23 , 2009 until March 31 , 2015 . The first three seasons aired on ABC , with the series moving to TBS for the final three seasons . Set in the fictional town of Gulfhaven , Florida , nicknamed `` Cougar Town '' since its high school teams are the Cougars , the series focuses on a recently divorced woman in her 40s facing the often humorous challenges , pitfalls , and rewards of life 's next chapter , along with her teenage son , her ex-husband , and her wine-loving friends who together make up her dysfunctional , but supportive and caring , extended family . The pilot episode was broadcast after Modern Family . ABC officially gave the series a full season pickup on October 8 , 2009 . The show was created by Bill Lawrence and Kevin Biegel and was produced by Doozer and Coquette Productions in association with ABC Studios . Filming took place at Culver Studios in Culver City , California . The pilot episode achieved 11.28 million viewers . Season 2 premiered on September 22 , 2010 , with 8.35 million viewers . Season 3 , consisting of 15 episodes , was originally slated to premiere in November 2011 but , because of ABC 's promotion of the ill-fated Man Up ! , it premiered on February 14 , 2012 . Following the Season 3 finale , it was announced that TBS had purchased the rights to the series for an additional 15-episode season , to air in 2013 , with options for additional seasons . On March 25 , 2013 , TBS renewed the series for a fifth season of 13 episodes , which premiered on January 7 , 2014 . On May 10 , 2014 , TBS renewed Cougar Town for a sixth and final season . Season six premiered on January 6 , 2015 , and the series concluded on March 31 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ff534f34c24d6d732429f33a71cbd0a1", "text": "Clair Huxtable Clair Olivia Huxtable ( née Hanks ) is a fictional character who appears in the American sitcom The Cosby Show . Portrayed by actress Phylicia Rashad , Clair , the wife of Dr. Cliff Huxtable and mother of their five children , is the matriarch of the show 's central Huxtable family . Working as a lawyer , Clair values the importance of maintaining a successful career while running a formidable household . The character debuted alongside most of her family in The Cosby Show 's pilot , `` Theo 's Economic Lesson '' , which premiered on September 20 , 1984 . Created by comedian Bill Cosby , Clair is based on Cosby 's own wife , Camille . Cosby originally intended for the character to be a plumber , but the producers and Camille ultimately convinced him to rewrite her into a lawyer to reflect a family that closer resembled their own . At one point , Clair had also been envisioned as a Dominican housewife who speaks Spanish when frustrated , inspired by Ricky Ricardo from the sitcom I Love Lucy , but this idea was also abandoned . Rashad , originally credited as Phylicia Allers-Allen , won the role by exhibiting a subtlety in her audition that other candidates lacked . After marrying husband Ahmad Rashad and adopting his surname , Rashad became pregnant with their child during the show 's third season , thus requiring her to conceal her pregnancy during tapings . Typically playing straight woman to Cosby 's humorous Cliff , Rashad 's character began to adopt more comedic material during the show 's second season , although she maintains her disciplinarian status within her own household . Since The Cosby Show 's inception , Cosby had always intended for Clair to reflect the ways in which women 's roles have evolved in both the home and workplace . Clair is depicted as a hardworking career woman with strong feminist principles , most evident in the character 's early confrontations with chauvinistic son-in-law Elvin . One particularly memorable interaction , dubbed Clair 's `` feminist rant '' by the media , has become so popular that the scene continues to be heavily circulated on the Internet and social media , 30 years after its initial appearance . Both Clair 's role and Rashad 's performance have garnered significant acclaim ; Clair was the series ' only main character who avoided criticisms that regularly plagued other aspects of The Cosby Show . Rashad was nominated for two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series . Despite the actress ' continued success , Clair remains the role for which Rashad is best known , credited with establishing her as a television icon . A feminist icon , Clair is revered as one of television 's most beloved mothers ; as one of television 's first working mothers , the character 's profound influence on African-American women and female lawyers in television has been dubbed the `` Clair Huxtable effect '' . However , in light of several recent sexual assault allegations made against Cosby , some critics have begun to question the comedian 's intentions behind creating Clair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5080049e8ea5518cf12fd0944e132b55", "text": "Paul Blart: Mall Cop Paul Blart : Mall Cop is a 2009 American action comedy film directed by Steve Carr and co-written by Kevin James , who stars as the title character , Paul Blart . Filming began in February 2008 with most of the shooting taking place at the Burlington Mall in Burlington , Massachusetts . The film opened in the United States on January 16 , 2009 , distributed by Columbia Pictures . Against a budget of $ 26 million , it grossed $ 31.8 million in its opening weekend and finished with a gross of more than $ 146 million in North America and a worldwide total exceeded $ 183 million . Paul Blart : Mall Cop was released on DVD , Blu-ray , and UMD on May 19 , 2009 . A sequel , Paul Blart : Mall Cop 2 , was released on April 17 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e79dbd186dbe4bd7550d0ac7f223936a", "text": "Oscar Martinez (The Office) Oscar San Juan Martinez is a fictional character from the US mockumentary-style television series The Office played by Cuban actor Oscar Nunez . Martinez was one of the few openly gay characters in broadcast television at the time that the series aired . Although Nunez , who is straight , did not know his character might be gay when he first signed on , he has no issues with the character 's sexuality as long as the material is funny . For the 2006 -- 2007 season , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported he was the only LGBT ( lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ) person of color character on a regular series . For the 2007 -- 2008 season he was the `` only remaining gay character on a half-hour comedy program '' and the only LGBT lead or supporting character who is a person of color . For the 2009 -- 2010 season , Martinez was one of four people of color LGBT regular series characters ; in 2010 -- 2011 there were six and in 2011 -- 2012 there were five.Along with doctor Callie Torres on Grey 's Anatomy , and gay nurse Angel Garcia on Mercy , Martinez are Latino/a , and forensic facial reconstruction artist Angela Montenegro on Bones , is an Asian-Pacific Islander . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's 14th Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2009-2010 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Jonathan Rosales , Callan Koenig , Brian MacKough , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2009-2010 season there are zero black LGBT series regular characters and one non-human , American Dad 's Roger the alien on Fox . For the 2009-2010 season , LGBT media watchdog group Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported 3 percent of all regular characters were LGBT . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) An increase from 2.6 percent in the 2008-2009 season and 1.1 percent in the 2007-2008 season . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) For the 2010-2011 season there were six LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2010-2011 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Matthew Kane , Lauren Mattia , Rob Avruch , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2011-2012 season there were five LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2011-2012 Primetime Television Season , September 2011 , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) Martinez is an accountant at the Scranton , Pennsylvania , office of the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin and gets his first name from Núñez ; series producer Greg Daniels felt that `` Oscar '' sounded like a good accountant 's name . He is a first-generation Mexican American . He is also openly gay after being outed by his then boss Michael Scott in `` Gay Witch Hunt '' , the third-season premiere episode devoted to the outing . However , the character was implied to be gay in the second-season episode `` The Secret '' , when Dwight catches him faking sickness to spend the day with his boyfriend ( Dwight remains oblivious to this detail as he was obsessed with proving that Oscar was not ill ) . As a result , in earlier episodes , many co-workers erroneously attribute to him various Mexican stereotypes ( e.g. being involved in drug cartels ) but after his outing , his stereotypes are more focused on his being gay , particularly by Michael , which may explain their conflicted relationship . Núñez explained in a 2008 interview that the character variously feels amusement , pity and hatred towards his fictional boss . He has no specific counterpart in the original British series . Oscar is known for being a rational , quietly efficient , and intellectual worker in the office , often the one who will ask pointed financial questions that his colleagues will not or that Michael avoids answering . Martinez refers to himself as being in the `` Coalition for Reason '' with Jim and Pam Halpert . According to Núñez , the three `` are there to set up the comic situations '' for boss Michael and Dwight Schrute , Michael 's toady . He explained , `` We can still be funny but we are definitely the ` straight guys ' . '' He is often the one who is able to clearly see the reality and logic in situations , including financial ones such as when Michael started up his own paper company or Ryan Howard 's online startup business . Because of this , Oscar is considered to be a know-it-all by many of his co-workers . Oscar is frequently exasperated by the antics of his coworkers and tends to find their humor offensive . He is reserved , not really exhibiting a desire for close contact with any of his co-workers , although he is friendly when not outwardly pedantic . In an AfterElton.com interview , Núñez explained he plays the character like an accountant , who happens to be gay , and just trying to do his work and not really interested in what the documentarians are filming . Actor Núñez references the character as a Log Cabin Republican , though no mention of this has occurred in the show . In the episode `` Dwight Christmas '' , he is in fact openly acknowledged as a Democrat . His more balanced and normal personality makes him an everyman type character , contrasting with the generally extroverted people with whom he works . He 's also a charter member of the company 's three-person ( and exclusive ) `` Finer Things Club '' with Pam and Toby Flenderson . He and co-worker Kevin Malone seem to have a strong friendship with each other , often a dynamic where Oscar is often the calm , rational one while Kevin is the fun-loving one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52526dccb033732b0bc90cc4df8ea9b4", "text": "36th Daytime Emmy Awards The 36th Annual Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 2009 , and were televised live on The CW for the very first time . The nominees were announced on May 14 in the Orpheum Theatre , Los Angeles , California Vanessa L. Williams hosted the event . The event was directed by Jeff Margolis and Debbie Palacio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f3c0cd7d42e6b5ce994653a12070383", "text": "As the World Turns As the World Turns ( often referred to as ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS for 54 years from April 2 , 1956 , to September 17 , 2010 . Irna Phillips created As the World Turns as a sister show to her other soap opera Guiding Light . Running for 54 years , As the World Turns holds the second-longest continuous run of any daytime network soap opera on American television , surpassed only by Guiding Light . As the World Turns was produced for the first 43 years in Manhattan and in Brooklyn from 2000 until 2010 . Set in the fictional town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show debuted on April 2 , 1956 , at 1:30 pm EST. . Prior to that date , all serials had been 15 minutes in length . As the World Turns and The Edge of Night , which premiered on the same day at 4:30 pm EST , were the first two to be 30 minutes in length from their premiere . At first , viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial , but ratings picked up in its second year , eventually reaching the top spot in the daytime Nielsen ratings by fall 1958 . In 1959 , the show started a streak of weekly ratings wins that was not interrupted for over 12 years . The show switched to color on August 21 , 1967 , and expanded from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 , 1975 , when The Edge of Night moved to ABC . In the year-to-date ratings , As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million viewers tuning in each day . At its height , core actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became nationally known . Three of these actors -- Wagner , Hastings , and Fulton -- are also the three longest serving actors in the history of American soap operas . The show passed its 10,000 th episode on May 12 , 1995 , and celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 2 , 2006 . On September 18 , 2009 , As the World Turns became the last remaining Procter and Gamble-produced soap opera for CBS after Guiding Light aired its final episode on the network . On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that it cancelled As the World Turns after almost 54 years due to low ratings . The show taped its final Procter and Gamble scenes for CBS on June 23 , 2010 , and with a dramatic storyline finale , its final episode on the network aired on September 17 , 2010 . On October 18 , 2010 , CBS replaced As the World Turns with a newly debuted talk show The Talk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "277cf111f6924cfe55c04143075cfb1d", "text": "Stars Hollow Stars Hollow is a fictional town in Connecticut featured on the television show Gilmore Girls . It is depicted as a close-knit community with many quirky characteristics , located roughly thirty minutes from Hartford . The show 's creators borrowed elements of Washington Depot , Connecticut ; Kent , Connecticut ; and New Milford , Connecticut to create the town , which is actually a set constructed on the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d71fe554cae9f33b3d3913f4ea4448d", "text": "Star-ving Star-ving was a web series of episodes running eight to ten minutes , based very loosely on the life of David Faustino from Married ... with Children . His co-star is Corin Nemec , who played the title character in Parker Lewis Ca n't Lose . The start date for the episodes was January 16 , 2009 . The series is a production of FNB Entertainment LLC in association with Sony Pictures Television , webcast on Crackle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70d40769f8ccb2f000a98c58d03f977b", "text": "Take My Life, Please `` Take My Life , Please '' is the tenth episode of the twentieth season of The Simpsons . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 15 , 2009 . In the episode , Homer finds out that the class presidential election he lost in high school was rigged , and he gets the opportunity to find out what his life would have been like if he had become class president . The episode was written by Don Payne and directed by Steven Dean Moore . It was the first episode of The Simpsons to air in 16:9 720p high-definition television . It was also the first episode to use the new HD opening sequence . Since airing , the episode has received mixed reviews from television critics . 6.82 million people watched the episode , and coupled with an episode of King of the Hill , it won its hour in the 18-49 demographic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d127b55ea3e811848a07a8d32b364e1", "text": "Lassie (season 10) The tenth season of the television series Lassie began airing on CBS in the United States on September 29 , 1963 , and contained 29 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18f4715b7d8d42e3fe388b16ba0b0405", "text": "Environmental Science (Community) `` Environmental Science '' is the tenth episode of the first season of the American comedy television series Community . It aired in the United States on NBC on November 19 , 2009 . The episode centers on Spanish instructor Ben Chang 's ( Ken Jeong ) unreasonable behavior after his wife leaves him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cecb59a38cffaf834a15a1ec393befa2", "text": "Suzie (2009 film) Suzie is a 2009 French-Canadian drama film directed by and starring Micheline Lanctôt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a85f2d5eda3de1e743ed0e12bacd6cbe", "text": "Chasing a Dream Chasing a Dream ( working title Miles From Nowhere ) is a made-for-television movie . Filmed in the Ventura County area of California , the movie premiered on Hallmark Channel on April 25 , 2009 , and stars Andrew Lawrence and Treat Williams . Most of the school scenes were filmed at John F. Kennedy High School in Granada Hills , California . The logos , mascot ( Golden Cougars ) , uniforms , and signage were all the official items for the school .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f0de496d471d6a278b76b65689162d8", "text": "Charlie Rhindress Charlie Rhindress ( born May 9 , 1966 ) is an actor , playwright and director living in Halifax , Nova Scotia . Born in Amherst , Nova Scotia and educated at Mount Allison University , he is a co-founder and former Artistic Director of Live Bait Theatre , based in Sackville , New Brunswick . To date , Rhindress has written 13 full-length plays , including The Maritime Way of Life , which was nominated for a Canadian Comedy award as best new play , and Flying On Her Own , based on the life of the late Canadian singer/songwriter , Rita MacNeil . It was published by Playwrights Canada Press in 2008 . He has also written or co-written more than 30 dinner theatre scripts and two plays for teens . Rhindress has acted in films including Red Rover and Black Eyed Dog , and at theatres across Canada . His directing credits include the premiere of Cathy Jones ' one woman show , Me , Dad and the Hundred Boyfriends at Theatre Passe Muraille in Toronto and The Compleat Wrks of Wllm Shkspr ( abridged ) at Neptune Theatre in Halifax , for which he received a Merritt award nomination as Best Director . He is the former Associate Artist for Neptune and the current Artistic Producer of Eastern Front Theatre . The Canadian Encyclopedia says that Rhindress 's work `` suggests that New Brunswick is fertile ground for popular comedy . Of particular note is Rhindress 's The Maritime Way of Life ( 1999 ) , a dark satire on traditional East Coast lifestyles and personalities . Despite its vicious sarcasm , extensive cross-dressing , and absurd humour , The Maritime Way of Life is very popular with Atlantic audiences . '' Three of Rhindress 's plays have been produced at Ship 's Company Theatre in Parrsboro , Nova Scotia : Ivor Johnson 's Neighbours ( 2009 ) , The Maritime Way of Life ( 2012 ) and Making Contact ( 2013 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc896001364f85f32cb03166a8e1769c", "text": "Here Come the Newlyweds Here Come the Newlyweds is a reality television series that first premiered on ABC on March 2 , 2008 . The series ' first season ran through April 6 , 2008 . A second season premiered on May 25 , 2009 and aired through July 13 , 2009 . The show is hosted by Pat Bullard . The title of the program came from the announcer 's introduction of the contestants on an earlier , more famous ABC game show , The Newlywed Game , which began with : From the Chuck Barris stages in Hollywood , California , here come the newlyweds !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bc8d4d28613e4a59a5f575198925d47", "text": "Wendey Stanzler Wendey Stanzler is an American film editor and television director . She was co-editor and associate producer of Michael Moore 's documentary Roger & Me , in 1989 . She also co-edited Moore 's only fiction film , Canadian Bacon ( 1993 ) . Stanzler was hired as an editor for Sex and the City and went on to be a guest director during the final season of the series . Stanzler has also edited for the series , Ed and Now and Again and the romantic comedy film Gray Matters ( 2007 ) , directed by Sue Kramer , starring Heather Graham , Tom Cavanagh and Bridget Moynahan . She has directed several episodes of Grey 's Anatomy , Desperate Housewives , The Middle and Ugly Betty , all on ABC as well as The Vampire Diaries , Pretty Little Liars , Parks and Recreation and among other series . Stanzler was producer and director on the first season of the CW series 90210 in 2008-2009 . In 2011 , she directed the pilot episode of the ABC Family series The Nine Lives of Chloe King . In 2015 , she began directing episodes of You 're the Worst in its second season and in the third season , she became a co-executive producer and directed the season 's episodes along with creator Stephen Falk . She won the American Cinema Editors ' Eddie Award twice : in 2004 for the Sex in the City episode `` American Girl in Paris , part 2 '' and in 1990 for Roger and Me . In 2003 and 2004 , Stanzler was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for her editing work on Sex and the City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be550792cc6f492a24f6d7f1d2ba498c", "text": "Friday Night Lights (season 3) The third season of the American serial drama television series Friday Night Lights began airing in the United States and Canada on October 1 , 2008 . It was the first season to be aired on DirecTV 's The 101 Network . The 13-episode season concluded on The 101 Network on January 14 , 2009 and then began its run on NBC two nights later , on January 16 , 2009 , and concluded its NBC run on April 10 , 2009 . The show was renewed for two more seasons in March 2009 , with both seasons airing in the same format as season 3 , containing 13 episodes each . The third season was released on DVD in region 1 on May 19 , 2009 . The season continues to focus around the Dillon Panthers and the pressures faced on and off the field . This season also has four main characters leave the show by season 's end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015a54eba27d52893797793477d0a44b", "text": "1st Okinawa International Movie Festival The 1st Okinawa International Movie Festival was held from March 19 to March 22 , 2009 and took place at the American Village at Mihama Chatan-cho in Okinawa City . The inaugural events saw 38 films being shown and was supported by the Ministries of Economy , Trade and Industry , and Foreign Affairs , along with the Cabinet Office in Okinawa . Most of the movies for the first Okinawa International Movie Festival were shown free of charge with a few priced at ¥ 800 / ¥ 400 for adults / children . The Chatan Town Sunset Beach also hosted performances by Okinawan artists Rimi Natsukawa and the Rinken Band . The Competition Grand Prix was awarded to Japanese director Katsuhide Motoki for his film Battle League Horumo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15a67489d3025ff5b6dab468826a7a0c", "text": "List of Melrose Place episodes Melrose Place , a primetime soap opera created by Darren Star , premiered on July 8 , 1992 on Fox network in the United States and ended on May 24 , 1999 . The show spans seven seasons of 226 episodes , and one special aired in 1995 . Each episode was approximately 45 minutes long ( without commercials ) though there were several double or two-part episodes that were shown as feature length 85 to 90 minute episodes The complete series of Melrose Place has been released on DVD in the United States ( Region 1 ) from 2006 to 2012 , with the final season having been released on July 31 , 2012 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1f0de36d64cc62dad90d559121fc6ce5	Genghis Khan's children had sons.	[ { "docid": "e40c5cbea05f0b16f0b0ae73be8806e8", "text": "Genghis Khan Genghis Khan ( -LSB- ˈdʒɛŋɡɪs_ˈkɑːn -RSB- , usually pronounced -LSB- ˈɡɛŋɡɪs_ˈkɑːn -RSB- Чингис хаан , Çingis hán -LSB- t͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋ -RSB- , c. 1162 August 18 , 1227 ) , born Temüjin , was the Great Khan and founder of the Mongol Empire , which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death . He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia . After founding the Empire and being proclaimed `` Genghis Khan '' , he started the Mongol invasions that conquered most of Eurasia . Campaigns initiated in his lifetime include those against the Qara Khitai , Caucasus , and Khwarazmian , Western Xia and Jin dynasties . These campaigns were often accompanied by large-scale massacres of the civilian populations -- especially in the Khwarazmian and Western Xia controlled lands . By the end of his life , the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China . Before Genghis Khan died he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor . Later his grandsons split his empire into khanates . He died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia . He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia . His descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia by conquering or creating vassal states in all of modern-day China , Korea , the Caucasus , Central Asia , and substantial portions of Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia . Many of these invasions repeated the earlier large-scale slaughters of local populations . As a result , Genghis Khan and his empire have a fearsome reputation in local histories . Beyond his military accomplishments , Genghis Khan also advanced the Mongol Empire in other ways . He decreed the adoption of the Uyghur script as the Mongol Empire 's writing system . He also practiced meritocracy and encouraged religious tolerance in the Mongol Empire , and unified the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia . Present-day Mongolians regard him as the founding father of Mongolia . Although known for the brutality of his campaigns and considered by many to have been a genocidal ruler , Genghis Khan is also credited with bringing the Silk Road under one cohesive political environment . This brought communication and trade from Northeast Asia into Muslim Southwest Asia and Christian Europe , thus expanding the horizons of all three cultural areas .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "05b9d38af580dd52926cf4286c72aeab", "text": "Ernak Ernak was the last ruler of the Huns , and the third son of Attila . After Attila 's death in 453 AD , his Empire crumbled and its remains were ruled by his three sons , Ellac , Dengizich and Ernak . He succeeded his older brother Ellac in 454 AD , and probably ruled simultaneously over Huns in dual kingship with his brother Dengizich , but in separate divisions in separate lands . Priscus during his stay at Attila 's court in 448 or 449 AD , recorded a personal occasion between Attila and Ernak . At a banquet Attila looked on him with serene eyes , while took small account of his other sons . He was Attila 's favorite son , because as a certain Hun explained to him , the prophets ( probably shamans ) prophesied his genos would fail , but would be restored by this son . Ernak has often been identified with Irnik from the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans , who is noted as descendant of the Dulo clan and leader of the Bulgars for 150 years starting approximately from 437 AD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e4223d5a5ccbfac8e8963e10e242073", "text": "Alexander Gorbatyi-Shuisky Prince Alexander Borisovich Gorbatyi-Shuisky was probably the most celebrated and popular general of Ivan the Terrible . The town of Gorbatov in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast bears his name . He belonged to the powerful Shuisky family , being the last scion of its junior branch . His father was one of the most successful generals of Vasily III , but Alexander managed to outshine him at an early age . He was made boyar in 1544 and led the Russian armies against Khanate of Kazan in 1547 . Five years later , when Kazan was besieged , he annihilated the force of prince Yapancha at Arsk Field , making possible the final conquest of Kazan later that year . In acknowledgement of his important services , he was appointed the first Russian governor of Kazan . During the next decade he not only managed to keep Kazan in Russian hands , but also rebuilt the ruined citadel and converted a large portion of the khanate 's population to Christianity . Ivan the Terrible , apparently , grew jealous of Alexander 's popularity in Moscow . In 1564 the tsar incriminated him of secretly supporting Andrey Kurbsky and plotting against Ivan 's life . After that , Alexander and his 17-year-old son Peter were brought to Moscow and beheaded . He left two daughters , one of them being married to the noblest Muscovite boyar , Prince Ivan Mstislavsky , and another one -- to the tsar 's brother-in-law , Nikita Romanovich as his second wife . The latter was grandfather of tsar Mikhail Romanov . Category :1564 deaths Category : Shuysky family Category : Russian military leaders Category : Tsardom of Russia people Category : People executed by the Tsardom of Russia Category : Executed Russian people Category : Year of birth unknown Category : People executed by Russia by decapitation Category :16 th-century executions by Russia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6b248537ff9141443226dbbd46f2388", "text": "Tümen Zasagt Khan Tumen Zasagt Khaan ( Tümen Jasagtu Khan ) was a 16th-century Mongol Khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia who reigned from 1558 to 1592 . He was the successor of Darayisung Gödeng Khan and had direct rule over the Chahar . It was during his rule that the Mongols conquered Daur and Evenks . Unlike his father , he succeeded in uniting the entire Mongol people , including the Western Mongols , with little bloodshed . Tümen , who was born in 1539 , was the first of three sons of Darayisung Gödeng Khan . By being recognized as Khagan , Altan validated his authority . However , coordinating Altan Khan 's actions , Tümen won over Uriyangkhai and Daur Mongols . His relatives , Abtai Khan and Khutughtai Sechen Khung Taiji , brought a large portion of the Four Oirats back into the Mongol fold . In addition to his successful invasions of Ming China , Tümen conquered Koko Nur and appointed his son ruler there . Tümen and other Mongol princes decided to adopt Tibetan Buddhism . In 1576 , Tümen was converted by Ilduni Sanggiduktshi Garma Lama into Buddhism . He assembled the Six Tumens , and codified laws . He made reforms on state laws and exempted the Mongol nobles from some taxes . He compiled a new code that was supposed to be based on Yekhe Zasag of Genghis Khan . Thenceforwards he was called Jasagtu , who made peace with the Right Wing Tumens and gave their leaders official titles . He compelled the three Jurchen tribes such as Jurjis in Manchuria and Yekhe Tungusians , to pay tribute . Zasaghtu Khan died in 1592 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c32abac79d4ae7f82e93f8c4e30fd96", "text": "Genghis Khan (video game) Genghis Khan , original full title , is a 1987 turn-based strategy game developed by Koei , originally released for the NEC PC-9801 , MSX and Sharp X68000 in 1988 , the DOS and NES in 1990 , and the Amiga in 1990 . It is actually the second game in the series , after a 1985 Aoki Ōkami to Shiroki Mejika , also for PC-88 , PC-98 , and MSX .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23b98423b55c0f6b6ed1c80aeb382f82", "text": "Suiyuan Suiyuan was a historical province of China . Suiyuan 's capital was Guisui ( now Hohhot ) . The abbreviation was 綏 ( pinyin : suí ) . The area Suiyuan covered is approximated today by the prefecture-level cities of Hohhot , Baotou , Wuhai , Ordos , Bayan Nur , and parts of Ulaan Chab , all today part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . Suiyuan was named after a district in the capital established in the Qing Dynasty . In the early 1930s Suiyuan was occupied by the Shanxi warlord Yan Xishan , who mined Suiyuan 's iron , reorganized the province 's finances , and brought over 4,000 acre of land under cultivation for the first time . Most of the work and settlement of Suiyuan at this time was done by Shanxi farmer-soldiers under the direction of retired officers from Yan 's army . Yan 's control of Suiyuan was sufficient to cause one visiting reporter to refer to Suiyuan as a `` colony '' of Shanxi . The Suiyuan Campaign took place in Suiyuan during the Second Sino Japanese War . It became a part of the puppet state of Mengjiang from 1937 to 1945 under Japanese rule . During the Chinese Civil War in 1935 , Communist leader Mao Zedong promised Mongol leaders a `` unified autonomous '' administration which would include all `` historic '' Mongol lands within China , in exchange for Mongol support against the Kuomintang . This promise included the declaration that `` Under no circumstances should other -LSB- non-Mongol ethnic groups -RSB- be allowed to occupy the land of the Inner Mongolian nation '' . But following the Communist victory in 1949 , the administrators of the soon-to-be `` Mongolian '' territories with Han Chinese majorities , the biggest of which was Suiyuan with a population of over 2 million , resisted annexation by the new Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . In 1954 , Mao reached a compromise with Suiyuan , which involved the Mongols ' taking over the administration of Suiyuan , but stipulated that the Han natives not be expelled from the territory . Uradyn Bulag thus notes that `` ironically '' , the Mongols ' territorial ambitions against Suiyuan resulted in their becoming a `` small minority within their own -LSB- enlarged -RSB- autonomous region '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a74fd59b7302dd25776e3eae4c89c1f5", "text": "Khanate of Kazan The Khanate of Kazan ( -LSB- Казан ханлыгы , Qazan xanlığı , قازان خانليغى -RSB- Russian : Казанское ханство , tr : Kazanskoye khanstvo ) was a medieval Bulgarian-Tatar Turkic state that occupied the territory of former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552 . Its khans were the patrilineal descendants of Tugh Temür , the thirteenth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan . The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan , Mari El , Chuvashia , Mordovia , and parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan ; its capital was the city of Kazan . It was one of the successor states of the Golden Horde , and it came to an end when it was conquered by the Tsardom of Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dc78f0819ca57918eb9a323848a9aa1", "text": "Chupan Amir Chūpān ( امیر چوپان died November 1327 ) , also spellt Choban or Coban , was a Chupanid noble of the Ilkhanate , and nominal general of the Mongol Empire . His father was named the Malek of the Mongol Suldus clan . His ancestor was Chilaun , who was one of Chingis Khan 's four great companions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08c7b951fadb3e5326a00e505dd6e5f3", "text": "Generations of Noah The Generations of Noah or Table of Nations ( of the Hebrew Bible ) is a genealogy of the sons of Noah and their dispersion into many lands after the Flood , focusing on the major known societies . The term `` nations '' to describe the descendants is a standard English translation of the Hebrew word `` goy '' , following the 400 CE Latin Vulgate 's `` nationes '' / `` nationibus '' , and does not have the same political connotations that the word entails today . The list of 70 names introduces for the first time a number of well known ethnonyms and toponyms important to biblical geography such as Noah 's three sons Shem , Ham and Japheth , from which were derived Semites , Hamites and Japhetites , certain of Noah 's grandsons including Elam , Ashur , Aram , Cush , and Canaan , from which the Elamites , Assyrians , Arameans , Cushites and Canaanites , as well as further descendants including Eber ( from which `` Hebrews '' ) , the hunter-king Nimrod , the Philistines and the sons of Canaan including Heth , Jebus and Amorus , from which Hittites , Jebusites and Amorites . As Christianity took over the Roman world , it adopted the idea that all the world 's peoples were descended from Noah . But the tradition of Hellenistic Jewish identifications of the ancestry of various peoples , which concentrates very much on the East Mediterranean and the Near East and is described below , became stretched and its historicity questioned . Not all Near Eastern people were covered , and northern peoples important to the Late Roman and medieval world , such as the Celtic , Slavic , Germanic and Nordic peoples were not covered , nor were others of the world 's peoples , such as sub-Saharan Africans , Native Americans and peoples of Central Asia , the Indian subcontinent , the Far East and Australasia . A variety of arrangements were devised by scholars in order to make the table fit , with for example the Scythians , who do feature in the tradition , being claimed as the ancestors of much of northern Europe . According to Joseph Blenkinsopp , the 70 names in the list express symbolically the unity of the human race , corresponding to the 70 descendants of Israel who go down into Egypt with Jacob at and the 70 elders of Israel who visit God with Moses at the covenant ceremony in .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6293da83c8a80733b2c98a1696d3c6f", "text": "Ghoryakhel The Ghoryakhel is Pashtun supertribe son of Kand son of Kharshbun son of Sarban , son of Qais Abdur Rashid , who lived in Ghwara Marghay Arghistan Qandahar but mostly settled in Ghazni on the basin of Tarnak River and Nangarhar , Logar , Kabul , Kunar , Kunduz of Afghanistan and also in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa , Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Peshawar Pakistan between the 15th and 16th century . The largest tribe belonging to the Ghoryakhel confederacy is Mohmand while other tribes belonging to the confederacy include Daudzai , Mulagori , Khalil , Shilmani , Zeerani , Daulatyar tribe , Chamkani tribe , Halimzai , Zakhil or Zakhilwal , Hazarbuz , Tarakzai , Khawezai . The legendary Pashto Poet Rahman Baba also belonged to Mohmand subtribe of the Ghoryakhel . According to Pata Khazana Pashtun History Book written by Abdulhai Habibi that Kharshbun and Sharkhbun are brothers . Kharshbun had three sons Kand , Zamand , Kasi and Sharkhbun had six sons Urmar , Babar , Baraich , Miana , Tareen , Sheerani . Kand had two sons Ghoryakhel and Khakhykhel , Zamand had five sons Muhammadzai and Kheshgi are more popular and Kasi had eleven sons Shinwari and Zhamaryani are more popular . Ghoryakhel had four sons Daulatyar tribe , Zeerani , Khalil , Chamkani . Many historian mention in different Pashto and Dari books that Zeerani Pashtun tribe settled in Nangarhar Province , Laghman Province , Badakhshan Province Afghanistan and majority people speak Dari language and Pashto because of close relation and cross marriages with Tajiks . Daulatyar had two sons Mohmand , Daudzai , and Mulagori , Shilmani , Halimzai , Zakhil or Zakhilwal , Hazarbuz , Tarakzai , Khawezai . tribes are sub-section of Mohmand . Hussain Bakhsh Kausar Ghoryakhel was a prominent leader of Abdul Ghaffar Khan 's Khudai Khidmatgars hailed from Peshawar . He was a preeminent linguist and philologist of the 20th century in the greater Pashtun territories.He died in Peshawar in the 1990s . Ghoryakhel brother Khakhykhel had three sons Tarak , Mak , Mand Tarak popular with Tarkalani , Mak popular with Gigyani tribe , and Mand had two sons Yousaf , Umer so Yousaf popular with Yousafzai and Umer popular with Mandanr .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dc45bda25a239bb7cf8bb02fd30b639", "text": "Chonos tribe Chonos , one of the Mongolian tribes , can be found in Kalmykia , Buryatia , and the Irkutskaya province in the Russian Federation , and also in Mongolia and the People 's Republic of China . The name of the tribe translates as `` wolves '' or `` wolf 's '' , and it is one of the most ancient Mongolian tribes . It is famous as a first tribe which joined Genghis Khan . Other names of the tribe in the various Mongolian languages include `` Shono '' , `` Chono '' , `` Shonod '' , and `` Chinos '' . According to Rashid-al-Din , the founders of the Chonos tribe were two sons of Charake-Lingum , named Gendu-Chino and Ulug-Chino , while the third son of Charake-Lingum , Surkuduku-Chino , was the father of Ambagay-Khan . Rashid-al-Din states that the male line of the Chonos tribe is Bodonchar - Habichi-Baatar - Dutum-Meneen - Haidu - Charake-Lingum - Gendu-Chino and Ulug-Chino . The name of Gendu-Chino is still found among the Chonos `` arvans '' in Kalmykia . In Mongolia the Chonos tribe is found among the Darkhad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1013d1885d4a5458528a91c0b0b64cf5", "text": "Yujiulü Chounu Yujiulü Chounu ( ; pinyin : Yùjiǔlǘ Chǒunú ) ( ? -520 ) khan of the Rouran ( 508-520 ) with the title of Douluofubadoufa Khan . His era name was Jianchang ( 建昌 Jiànchāng ) . He was the son of Yujiulü Futu . He was succeeded by Yujiulü Anagui . Category : Mongol khans Category : Rouran rulers", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b91da493ec47abf703c415eb233e57b", "text": "Rumyantsev The Rumyantsev family were Russian counts prominent in Russian imperial politics in the 18th and early 19th centuries . The family claimed descent from the boyar Rumyanets who broke his oath of allegiance and surrendered Nizhny Novgorod to Vasily I of Moscow in 1391 . The first Rumyantsev to gain prominence , Alexander Ivanovich ( 1680 -- 1749 ) , served as ordinary of Peter the Great in the Preobrazhensky regiment . In 1720 he married Countess Maria Matveyeva , daughter and heiress of Count Andrey Matveyev . Peter 's daughter Elizabeth recalled Rumyantsev to active service and made him a hereditary count as well as Governor of Kiev . Their son Pyotr Alexandrovich ( 1725-96 ) took his name from that of the ruling Emperor and was rumored to have been his natural son . In 1761 he besieged and took the Prussian fortress of Kolberg , thus clearing for Russian armies the path to Berlin . During Catherine II 's reign he served as Governor General of Little Russia , or Ukraine . After crossing the Danube River into Bulgaria and signing the advantageous Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca with the Turks in 1774 , Rumyantsev was promoted Field Marshal and was given the victory title of Zadunaisky ( literally , `` Transdanubian '' ) . His sister , Praskovja Bruce ( 1729 -- 85 ) , was the confidant and lady-in-waiting of Catherine the Great , who entrusted her with her private affairs and was known in history as the so-called `` l'éprouveuse '' ( = `` the ( lovers ) tester '' ) . During the Napoleonic wars , Zadunaisky 's son Nikolay Petrovich ( 1754 -- 1826 ) held the highest offices of state , including those of Minister of Commerce ( 1802 -- 11 ) , President of the State Council ( 1810 -- 12 ) , Foreign Minister ( 1808 -- 12 ) , and Chancellor of the Russian Empire . On receiving the news of Napoleon 's invasion of Russia ( 1812 ) , he suffered a stroke and lost his hearing . He died childless , and the family became extinct soon thereafter . Category : Russian noble families", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db5de52bbe5faf32f67636dfd0dc1962", "text": "Ahmad ibn Rustah Ibn Rustah ( in Iran : احمد ابن رسته اصفهانی - Aḥmad ebn Roste Eṣfahānī , also spelled Ibn Rusta , Ibn Ruste ) was a 10th-century Persian explorer and geographer born in Rosta district , Isfahan , Persia . He wrote a geographical compendium known as Book of Precious Records . The information on his home town of Isfahan is especially extensive and valuable . Ibn Rustah states that , while for other lands he had to depend on second-hand reports , often acquired with great difficulty and with no means of checking their veracity , for Isfahan he could use his own experience and observations or statements from others known to be reliable . Thus we have a description of the twenty districts ( rostaqs ) of Isfahan containing details not found in other geographers ' works . Concerning the town itself , we learn that it was perfectly circular in shape , with a circumference of half a farsang , walls defended by a hundred towers , and four gates . His information on the non-Islamic peoples of Europe and Inner Asia makes him a useful source for these obscure regions ( he was even aware of the existence of the British Isles and of the Heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon England ) and for the prehistory of the Turks and other steppe peoples . He travelled to Novgorod with the Rus ' , and compiled books relating his own travels , as well as second-hand knowledge of the Khazars , Magyars , Slavs , Bulgars , and other peoples . He wrote of tenth-century city of the Rus ' : `` As for the Rus , they live on an island ... that takes three days to walk round and is covered with thick undergrowth and forests ; ... They harry the Slavs , using ships to reach them ; they carry them off as slaves and ... sell them . They have no fields but simply live on what they get from the Slav 's lands ... When a son is born , the father will go up to the newborn baby , sword in hand ; throwing it down , he says , ' I shall not leave you with any property : You have only what you can provide with this weapon . ' '' His impression of the Rus ' seems to be very favourable : `` They carry clean clothes and the men adorn themselves with bracelets and gold . They treat their slaves well and also they carry exquisite clothes , because they put great effort in trade . They have many towns . They have a most friendly attitude towards foreigners and strangers who seek refuge . '' This is in contrast to the account of Ibn Fadlan and other Arab authors whose views on hygiene ( based on Islamic teachings on cleanliness and Islamic medical knowledge ) contrasted with that of the Rus ' . However , the word clean initially appeared in the first Russian translation of Ibn Rustah by professor Daniel Chwolson ( who also misspelled his name as Ibn Dasta ( h ) ) . Consecutive Russian editions of Chwolson 's translation include a footnote saying that the Arabic original clearly says the opposite , unclean or impure , and suggesting that Chwolson made such a correction intentionally , out of a remote concern that modern Russians might be offended by such characteristic . Of ancient Croatia he wrote in the chronicle Al-Djarmi : `` Their ruler is crowned ... He dwells in the midst of the Slavs ... He bears the title of ` ruler of rulers ' and is called ` sacred king ' . He is more powerful than the Zupan ( viceroy ) , who is his deputy ... His capital is called Drzvab where is held a fair of three days every month . '' About a certain king of the Caucasus Ibn Rustah wrote : `` He prayed on Fridays with the Muslims , on Saturdays with the Jews , and on Sundays with the Christians . ` Since each religion claims that it is the only true one and that the others are invalid ' , the king explained , ' I have decided to hedge my bets . ' '' He also traveled extensively in Arabia and is one of the early Persian explorers to describe the city of Sana'a . In his Book of Precious Records , he writes : `` It is the city of Yemen -- there not being found in the highland or the Tihama or the Hijaz a city greater , more populous or more prosperous , of more noble origin or more delicious food than it . ... San ' a is a populous city with fine dwellings , some above others , but most of them are decorated with plaster , burned bricks , and dressed stones . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "113db1cc020a95c7c253f8235141d964", "text": "Prince Rui (睿) Prince Rui of the First Rank ( Manchu : ; hošoi mergen cin wang ) , or simply Prince Rui , was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty ( 1644 -- 1912 ) . It was also one of the 12 `` iron-cap '' princely peerages in the Qing dynasty , which meant that the title could be passed down without being downgraded . The first bearer of the title was Dorgon ( 1612 -- 1650 ) , the 14th son of Nurhaci , the founder of the Qing dynasty . He was awarded the title in 1636 by his half-brother , Huangtaiji , who succeeded their father as the ruler of the Qing Empire . After Dorgon 's death , the Shunzhi Emperor abolished the Prince Rui peerage . In 1778 , the Qianlong Emperor not only restored the Prince Rui peerage , but also granted it `` iron-cap '' status . Chunying ( died 1800 ) , a sixth-generation descendant of Dorgon 's younger brother , Dodo , was selected to inherit the Prince Rui title . The title was passed down over 12 generations and held by eight persons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "110876fb293630e2f26d5f47f947cb49", "text": "Battle of the Altai Mountains The Battle of Altai Mountains , was a major expedition launched against the Xiongnu by the Han Dynasty in June , 89 AD . The battle was a success for the Han under Dou Xian ( d. 92 AD ) . In June 89 AD , the Han dispatched a force which promptly advanced from Jilu , Manyi and Guyang in three great columns that included their allies , specifically the main army of the Southern Xiongnu . The force of General Dou Xian advanced towards the Northern Chanyu into the Altai Mountains . A large detachment then moved to the northwest , and in the major battle of the campaign they defeated the Northern Chanyu at the Altai Mountains and pursued him westwards . The Han forces killed 13,000 Xiongnu troops and accepted the surrender of 200,000 Xiongnu from 81 tribes . Dou Xian brought the main body of his troops in triumphal progress north to the Khangai Mountains , west of present-day Kharkhorin . There he erected the Stele of Yanran , composed by his client , the historian Ban Gu , which celebrated the achievement of the battle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cc1cf60ae606378d8f024d324b07793", "text": "Temüge Temüge ( 1168 -- 1246 ) was the youngest full-brother of Genghis Khan , fourth son of Yesugei and Oelun . The Secret History of the Mongols tells that `` when Temujin was 9 years of age , Temuge was three years old . '' Being the youngest boy in the family , he received a prefix to the name `` otchigin '' ( diminutive form of '' отгон '' or `` otgon '' meaning `` junior '' ) , who in the family is always a `` guardian of the family and home '' ) , and therefore is often referred to as Temuge-otchigin or simply Otchigin . In childhood and adolescence was somewhat spoiled by his mother and older brothers , inclined to luxury , but was `` courageous , powerful and quick in battle '' that was recognized even by the family 's enemies . When the shaman Kokochu ( Teb-Tengri ) started dragging the power over the Mongols to his own family , Genghis khan sanctioned Temuge to kill Kokochu in a staged wrestling match . As the youngest male sibling , Temüge and his mother , by Mongol traditions , were allotted the most land and people by Genghis Khan during his coronation . Although he seems to have been the least warlike of the brothers , and was criticized by Genghis himself for being lazy and shiftless , Temüge proved himself to be a skilled politician and capable ruler , who , alongside his mother Hoelun , ruled the Mongol heartland in his eldest brothers ' absence being engaged in war campaigns . He appears to have had intellectual leanings , first coming under the influence of the conquered Xia and Jin cultures and then taking an active interest in the other cultures encompassed in the vast Mongol empire . Temuge attempted to enter the main political arena after the death of Ögedei Khan , his nephew and son of Genghis Khan , in 1241 . At that time , Ogedei 's son Güyük Khan was engaged in so-called `` Western campaign '' in Russia and Europe , so Temuge-otchigin tried to seize the throne , but he was intervened by Töregene , Ogedei 's widow and Güyük 's mother . After the 1246 kurultai elected Güyük as great khan , Temuge was executed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a952f65632a04a3df6e4c32f98989cf7", "text": "Shanghai Orphans Shanghai Orphans ( Traditional Chinese : 上海孤兒 ; Simplified Chinese ：上海孤儿； pinyin : Shàng hǎi gū ér ; officially romanized to State ` s children 國家的孩子 ) refers to The People 's Republic of China during the Great Chinese Famine , when around 3000 Shanghai orphans were transferred to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . During the Great Leap Forward , they set up People 's commune and communal kitchens . Then famine struck . The poor were unable to feed themselves . Their children had no chance of survival at home . But there was nowhere to send a child already half-dead from starvation . Their only hope was to leave them where people with food might notice and take them in.The whole country was suffering from famine . Everyone was hungry . The people who abandoned their children this way hoped that their kids would be fed . The chairman of All-China Women 's Federation Kang Keqing asked Ulanhu the first Secretary of the CPC Inner Mongolia Committee and chairman of Inner Mongolia , whether ( or not ) the Inner Mongolia could possibly get some of the grasslands to donate milk powder . After Ulanhu made a discussion with the prime minister Zhou Enlai , he made a more significant decision : to receive all the orphans from Shanghai , The Shanghai orphans in Inner Mongolia were called ` the State 's children ' . Ulanhu 's own daughter was one of those who participated in this work . All the orphans not only have their primary source documents which have accumulated over the course of an original lifetime in Shanghai , but also built new documents after transferred to their herdsmen foster parents in Xilin Gol League , Inner Mongolia . Unfortunately , these valuable records were all destroyed in the `` Cultural Revolution '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b9bc058e222941e0cdc46a17ff79a49", "text": "Genghis Khan: To the Ends of the Earth and Sea is a 2007 Japanese - Mongolian historical drama film depicting the life of Genghis Khan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a515868962bf9e19401215548e31114", "text": "Wali Khan (khoja) Wali Khan ( sometimes spelled Vālī-khan ) was a member of the Ak Taghliq clan of East Turkestan Khojas , who invaded Kashgaria from the Kokand during the Afaqi Khoja revolts on several occasions in the 1850s , and succeeded in ruling Kashgar for a short while . Although Ak Taghliks had been expelled from Kashgaria by the Qing in the 1760s , they had not abandoned their hopes of reconquering the region , and regularly invaded it from their base in Khanate of Kokand . Wali Khan followed in the footsteps of his father , Jahangir Khoja , his uncle Yusuf , and cousin Katti Torah , who had all invaded Kashgaria with various success through the first half of the 19th century . He invaded Kashgaria in 1852 ( with Divan Quli ) , 1855 ( with Husayn Ishan Khoja ) , and most famously in 1857 . Wali Khan , who was reputed for his brutality and tyranny , let a rebellion in 1855 and began by attacking Kashgar . Chinese were massacred and the daughters and wives of the suboordinates of the loyalist Turki governor were seized . Adolphe Schlagintweit , a German , was executed by beheading by Wali Khan and his head put on display . Wali Khan was infamous for his cruelty and if courtiers `` raised their eyes '' to him he would murder them , when the call to prayer was made by a muezzin and his voice was too loud the muezzin was murdered by Wali Khan . A 12,000 strong Chinese army crushed and defeated the 20,000 strong army of Wali Khan in 77 days of combat . Wali Khan was abandoned by his `` allies '' due to his cruelty . The Chinese inflicted harsh reprisals upon Wali Khan 's forces and had his son and father in law executed in harsh manners . In the West Wali Khan is mostly known for his execution of the German explorer Adolf Schlagintweit in 1857 , but his cruelty found many other reflections in the local legends . It is said that he killed so many innocent Muslims that four or six minarets were built from the skulls of the victims ( kala minara ) ; or that once , when an artisan made a sabre for him , he instantly tested the weapon with the words , `` Well , I 'll try it now , '' by cutting off the artisan 's son head , who had come with his father and was standing nearby . Then , with the words , `` Yes , it 's a really good sabre , '' he presented artisan with a gift . This treatment did not make Kashgarians miss the khoja too much when he was defeated by the Chinese troops after ruling the city for four months . The local Uyghurs of Altishahr grew to hate and despite Wali Khan for his forcible introduction of Kokandi culture and suppression of Kashgari culture and for his brutality . In 1865 , after Kokand Khanate had been successfully invaded by the Russian and its ruler Alimqul killed , Wali Khan joined a large group of Kokandian officials who decided to try their luck in Kashgaria . They appeared in Kashgar in September 1865 , but had to submit to the fellow Kokandian Yaqub Beg , who had already firmly established himself as the ruler of the city . Wali Khan 's followers attempts to bring him to power again very easily foiled by Yaqub Beg , who had Wali Khan arrested and sent to Yangihissar under armed guard , where he was later poisoned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6861e5e5a28b0e1520c0befce304b50", "text": "Organization of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan", "title": "" } ]	fever
74eef0209156d7d9b5ad9d426a632be6	Tanzania is a highly multilingual island.	[ { "docid": "24c9acb4a537166513a365c39ac10a61", "text": "Tanzania Tanzania -LSB- ˌtænzəˈniːə -RSB- , officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania ) , is a country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region . Parts of the country are in Southern Africa . It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north ; Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west ; Zambia , Malawi , and Mozambique to the south ; and by the Indian Ocean to the east . Mount Kilimanjaro , Africa 's highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . Tanzania 's population of 51.82 million ( 2014 ) is diverse , composed of several ethnic , linguistic , and religious groups . Tanzania is a presidential constitutional republic , and since 1996 , its official capital city has been Dodoma , where the President 's Office , the National Assembly , and some government ministries are located . Dar es Salaam , the former capital , retains most government offices and is the country 's largest city , principal port , and leading commercial centre . Tanzania is a one party dominant state with the socialist-progressive Chama Cha Mapinduzi ( CCM ) party in power . From its formation until 1992 , it was the only legally permitted party in the country . This changed on 1 July 1992 , when amendments to the Constitution and a number of laws permitting and regulating the formation and operations of more than one political party were enacted by the National Assembly . Elections for president and all National Assembly seats were last held in October 2015 . The CCM holds approximately 75 % of the seats in the assembly . Prehistoric population migrations include Southern Cushitic speakers , who are ancestral to the Iraqw , Gorowa , and Burunge and who moved south from Ethiopia into Tanzania . Based on linguistic evidence , there may also have been two movements into Tanzania of Eastern Cushitic people at about 4,000 and 2,000 years ago , originating from north of Lake Turkana . Archaeological evidence supports the conclusion that Southern Nilotes , including the Datoog , moved south from the present-day South Sudan-Ethiopia border region into central northern Tanzania between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago . These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the iron-making Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas . They brought with them the west African planting tradition and the primary staple of yams . They subsequently migrated out of these regions across the rest of Tanzania , between 2,300 and 1,700 years ago . European colonialism began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa , which gave way to British rule following World War I . The mainland was governed as Tanganyika , with the Zanzibar Archipelago remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction . Following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963 , the two entities merged in April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania . Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the northeast , where Mount Kilimanjaro is located . Three of Africa 's Great Lakes are partly within Tanzania . To the north and west lie Lake Victoria , Africa 's largest lake , and Lake Tanganyika , the continent 's deepest lake , known for its unique species of fish . The eastern shore is hot and humid , with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore . The Kalambo water falls in the southwestern region of Rukwa are the second highest uninterrupted fall in Africa and are located near the southeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika on the border with Zambia . The Menai Bay Conservation Area is Zanzibar 's largest marine protected area . Over 100 different languages are spoken in Tanzania , making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa . Among the languages spoken in Tanzania are all four of Africa 's language families : Bantu , Cushitic , Nilotic , and Khoisan . Swahili and English are Tanzania 's official languages . A highly multilingual country , Swahili is used in parliamentary debate , in the lower courts , and as a medium of instruction in primary school ; and English is used in foreign trade , in diplomacy , in higher courts , and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education , although the Tanzanian government plans to discontinue English as a language of instruction altogether . In connection with his Ujamaa social policies , President Nyerere encouraged the use of Swahili ; as a means of unifying the country 's many ethnic groups . Approximately 10 % of Tanzanians speak Swahili as a first language , and up to 90 % speak it as a second language . Most Tanzanians thus speak both Swahili and a local language ; many educated Tanzanians are trilingual ; also speaking English . The widespread use and promotion of Swahili is contributing to the decline of smaller languages in the country . Young children increasingly speak Swahili as a first language , mostly in urban areas . Tanzania-Malawi relations have been tense because of a dispute over the countries ' Lake Nyasa ( Lake Malawi ) border . An unsuccessful mediation regarding this issue happened in March 2014 . The two countries agreed in 2013 to ask the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) to resolve the dispute should mediation be unsuccessful . Malawi , but not Tanzania , has accepted the compulsory jurisdiction of the ICJ .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0639e258b91192804842dbdec11b60a5", "text": "'Are'are people ` Are`are is the name of a people from the south of the island of Malaita , which is part of the Solomon Islands . Their language is the ` Are'are language , which is part of the Austronesian language family . In 1999 there were an estimated 17,800 speakers , up from about 8-9 ,000 in the 1970s . Prior to colonisation and subsequent independence , the ` Are'are occupied a much larger geographical area encompassing parts of Guadalcanal and Makira , as well as Malaita . This included the northern part of Makira known as Arosi and the eastern part of Guadalcanal known today as Marau Sound . In the past they lived in hamlets in the mountainous hinterland , or on the banks of lagoons in the southwest or the Mara Masika Strait ( separating Malaita and South Malaita islands ) , but during colonization many coastal villages were established . Traditionally , they practiced subsistence agriculture of taro , yams , and sweet potatoes , as well as raising pigs and fishing . During colonization they were encouraged to export copra and raise cattle on a small scale . The southern and northern zones differ in their political organization , with the south led by hereditary chieftains , while the north follows the self-made big man structure common in Melanesia . Both the hereditary and non-hereditary leaders are known as aaraha . The traditional religion was ancestor worship , but during colonization , Christianity made big inroads , and by the mid-1970s at least half of the population was converted . Bible portions were first translated in 1957 . About half belong to the South Seas Evangelical Church , and half to either the Catholic Church or Anglican Church of the Province of Melanesia . The former do not permit traditional music which is seen as related to the ancestral spirits , deemed `` devils . '' The ` Are'are known for their complex panpipe music , which was studied by ethnomusicologist Hugo Zemp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "248d7c18d77bf806aa83e36736ffffd8", "text": "Mangapwani Mangapwani is a town on the Tanzanian island of Unguja , the main island of Zanzibar . It is located on the northwest coast , 25 kilometres north of the Zanzibari capital of Stone Town . The town 's name means `` Arabian Shore '' in swahili , a name which probably dates from the black-market slavery days of the 1840s to 1880s . The shoreline here contains numerous caves , some of which were used for holding slaves at that time . Among the caves is a popular attraction , the Coral Cavern , which is located two kilometres south of the town .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb0a54b67b8dfb59d6c2f8c358ad612", "text": "Sumbawanga Sumbawanga is a city located in western Tanzania . It is the capital of Rukwa Region . The regional population is approximately 150,000 based on a 2002 census . Sumbawanga lies in the territory of the Wafipa Fipa tribe and so many people speak Kifipa , as well as Kiswahili , the most widely used language of Tanzania . The name of the town literally translates as `` throw away your witchcraft '' , thought to be a warning from local spiritual `` healers '' to any bringing in superstitions and practices relating to spiritual healers from other areas ; there are still some healers who practice both in town and in the surrounding smaller villages on the plateau . The town has the largest hospital in the region , Rukwa General Hospital , which is government funded , as well as the smaller Dr. Atiman Hospital administrated and run by the Catholic Diocese of Sumbawanga . The town acts as a supply and commercial center for the Rukwa Region and some governmental agencies are to be found there , notably the transport department for the region . Sumbawanga has both Libori and Moravian conference centres . A modest-size market is in the town centre where local produce may be found . This includes maize , rice , fruit , poultry and fish ( from Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa ) . Many imported plastic goods and electronics are available as well as bicycles and spares . Although there are several fuel outlets , supply can be quite erratic because of the difficulties of transport from the coast . The local economy is largely dependent on agriculture and small locally owned businesses . There is very limited industry or production in the town . Significant improvement could be expected if the road to Mbeya was sealed to enable reliable all-weather access year round . This road , and its continuation north to Mpanda and Tabora or Kigoma , can become impassable at the height of the wet season ( Feb-Mar ) . The Tanzanian government does have contracts in place for upgrading large sections of these roads . The town can be reached by flights operated by Auric Air or by bus from Mbeya which lies to the south with train links to the town of Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia , to Dar es Salaam . Rail is also available through Tabora from Mpanda in the north . Mpanda also has an airport with a 2km sealed runway . Sumbawanga has many schools and colleges , including Chem Chem Secondary School , Sumbawanga Secondary School , St. Aggrey Chanji High School , Mazwi Secondary School , St. Aggrey Teaching College , Musoma Utalii College , and Chem Chem Teaching College .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82e99e5c74eefc0694d32ede256db7bf", "text": "Oceanic languages The approximately 450 Oceanic languages are a well-established family of Austronesian languages . The area occupied by speakers of these languages includes Polynesia , as well as much of Melanesia and Micronesia . Though covering a vast area , Oceanic languages are spoken by only two million people . The largest individual Oceanic languages are Eastern Fijian with over 600,000 speakers , and Samoan with an estimated 400,000 speakers . The Kiribati ( Gilbertese ) , Tongan , Tahitian , Māori , Western Fijian and Kuanua ( Tolai ) languages each have over 100,000 speakers . The common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto-Oceanic ( abbr . POc ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47e510f7b4e88d823b0f5d08edfcec00", "text": "List of polyglots A polyglot is a person with a command of many languages . A polyglot may also be called a multilingual person ; the label `` multilingual '' is used for communities as well as individual speakers . Richard Hudson , professor emeritus of linguistics at University College London , coined the term `` hyperpolyglot '' for a person who can speak twelve or more languages fluently . Other scholars apply the label to speakers of even more languages : twelve , sixteen , or in the most extreme cases , even fifty or more . It is difficult to judge which individuals are polyglots , as there is no uncontroversial definition for what it means to `` master '' a language , and because it is not always clear where to distinguish a dialect from a language . Being able to communicate in a language does not mean the person has `` mastered '' a language . There are far fewer who have attained higher levels of multi-linguistic attainment , and there is no basis for testing those levels , or at least those levels of ability have not been noted here . This list consists of people who have been noted in news media , historical texts , or academic work as speaking six or more languages fluently . For general discussion of the phenomenon , including discussion of polyglot savants , see polyglotism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b582f45de91658d78c06061fe68bf41", "text": "Nyasa people The Nyasa are a people of southeastern Africa , concentrated mainly in Malawi , southwestern Tanzania and parts of northern Mozambique . The people are also known as the Kimanda , Kinyasa and Manda . Significant populations of Nyasa live along the shores of northeastern Lake Malawi . Many Nyanja people of Malawi refers to themselves as Nyasa ; as of 2010 roughly 500,000 claim to be Nyasa people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "729caf9e1bd231e0157f220e9ee70fbe", "text": "Kigoma Region Kigoma Region is one of Tanzania 's 30 administrative regions . The regional capital is the city of Kigoma . According to the 2012 national census , the region had a population of 2,127,930 , which was higher than the pre-census projection of 1,971,332 . For 2002-2012 , the region 's 2.4 percent average annual population growth rate was tied for the fourteenth highest in the country . It was also the sixteenth most densely populated region with 57 people per square kilometer . With a size of 45066 km2 , the region is slightly smaller than Estonia ( 45227 km2 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd83d03f5e7e830cbb1295bc22f61883", "text": "Trade unions in Tanzania The trade unions of Tanzania have a total membership of approximately 370,000 . 350,000 of these belong to the Trade Union Congress of Tanzania , another 15,000 to the Zanzibar Trade Union Congress , and 2,400 are members of the Tanzania Fishing Crew and Allied Workers ' Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c153a39eb4576b557133768a65200ba", "text": "Arusha Arusha is a city in northern Tanzania and the capital of the Arusha Region , with a population of 416,442 plus 323,198 in the surrounding Arusha District ( 2012 census ) . Located below Mount Meru on the eastern edge of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley , Arusha has a temperate climate . The city is close to the Serengeti National Park , the Ngorongoro Conservation Area , Lake Manyara National Park , Olduvai Gorge , Tarangire National Park , Mount Kilimanjaro , and Arusha National Park on Mount Meru . Arusha is a major international diplomatic hub . The city hosts the East African Community . From 1994 to 2015 , the city also hosted the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda , but that entity has ceased operations . It is a multicultural city with a majority Tanzanian population of mixed backgrounds : indigenous African , Arab-Tanzanian and Indian-Tanzanian population , plus a small White European and a white American minority population . Religions of the Arushan population include Christianity , Islam , and Hinduism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "772e9818bda5a402b6fb089789a6b733", "text": "Nyakyusa language Nyakyusa , or Nyakyusa-Ngonde , is a Bantu language of Tanzania and Malawi spoken by the Nyakyusa people around the northern end of Lake Malawi . There is no single name for the language as a whole ; dialects are Nyakyusa , Ngonde ( Konde ) , Kukwe , Mwamba ( Lungulu ) , and Selya ( Salya , Seria ) of Tanzania . Disregarding the Bantu language prefixes Iki - and Ki - , the language is also known as Konde ~ Nkhonde , Mombe , Nyekyosa ~ Nyikyusa , and Sochile ~ Sokili . Sukwa is often listed as another dialect , but according to Nurse ( 1988 ) and Fourshey ( 2002 ) it is a dialect of Lambya . In Malawi Nyakusa and Kyangonde are spoken in the northern part of Karonga District , on the shore of Lake Malawi close to the border with Tanzania , while Nkhonde is spoken the centre of the district , including in the town of Karonga . According to the Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi carried out by the Centre for Language Studies of the University of Malawi , `` Nyakyuska , though spoken by very few people , mainly at Iponga in Sub T / A Mwakawoko 's area , is regarded as the parent language from which Kyangonde and Chinkhonde originated . Kyangonde , on the other hand , is regarded as the most prestigious and standard language/dialect of the district . ... Chinkhonde is seen as a dialect of Kyangonde which has been heavily influenced by Citumbuka . '' The same Survey contains a folktale ( the Tortoise and the Hare ) in Chinkhonde and other languages of Northern Malawi , as well as some comparative vocabulary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6a87d980eb31436d83fd65c2e781427", "text": "Mambwe people The Mambwe are an ethnic and linguistic group from Rukwa Region , Tanzania and northeastern Zambia . In 1987 the Mambwe population in Tanzania was estimated to number 63,000 . The number of Mambwe in Zambia has not been independently estimated , though the combined number of Mambwe and Lungu in Zambia was estimated to be 262,800 in 1993 . The mambwe people of Zambia are known to be great businessmen . They also distinguish the last names for males and females , like the Namwanga people , by applying prefixes `` Si '' and `` Na '' to be the first two letters of the last name e.g. Sinyangwe ( Male ) & Nanyangwe ( Female ) , Sikasula ( Male ) & Nakasula ( Female ) , Sinkamba ( Male ) & Nankamba ( Female ) , Simusokwe ( Male ) & Namusokwe ( Female ) , Sikasote ( Male ) & Nakasote ( Female ) , Simfukwe ( Male ) & Namfukwe ( Female ) , Sinkala ( Male ) & Nankala ( Nankala ) , Simbela ( Male ) & Nambela ( Female ) sichilima ( male ) nachilima ( female ) etc. . A meal of beans ( `` choli '' ) and okra ( `` kumbi '' ) are a mambwe staple and delicacy . The Mambwe language and Cilungu , the Lungu language , are distinguished by minor dialect differences . The Mambwe people are known to be polygamous ( impali ) , although this trend is slowly changing with religious affiliations , and advancements in modern schooling and trends . Like other African people , marriage is very important , although girls are known to marry earlier , often with pressure coming from parents and other relatives . Category : Ethnic groups in Tanzania Category : Ethnic groups in Zambia Category : Indigenous peoples of East Africa", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e90d3bce8250998b302b27811c9a5a39", "text": "Meitei language Meitei -LSB- ˈməɪtəɪ -RSB- ( also Manipuri -LSB- mənᵻˈpʊri -RSB- , Meithei , Meetei , Meiteilon ) is the predominant language and lingua franca in the southeastern Himalayan state of Manipur , in northeastern India . It is the official language in government offices . Meitei is also spoken in the Indian states of Assam and Tripura , and in Bangladesh and Burma ( now Myanmar ) . It is currently classified as a vulnerable language by UNESCO . Meitei is a Tibeto-Burman language whose exact classification remains unclear . It has lexical resemblances to Kuki and Tangkhul Naga . The Meitei language has proven to be an integrating factor among all ethnic groups in Manipur who use it to communicate among themselves . It has been recognised ( under the name Manipuri ) by the Indian Union and has been included in the list of scheduled languages ( included in the 8th schedule by the 71st amendment of the constitution in 1992 ) . Meitei is taught as a subject up to the post-graduate level ( Ph.D. ) in universities of India , apart from being a medium of instruction up to the undergraduate level in Manipur . Education in government schools is provided in Meitei through the eighth standard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02db6e986194aa74d75a008905c361fd", "text": "Transkei The Transkei ( -LSB- trɑːnsˈkeɪ , _ - ˈkaɪ , _ trænz - -RSB- , meaning the area beyond -LSB- the river -RSB- Kei ) , officially the Republic of Transkei ( iRiphabliki yeTranskei ) , was a Bantustan -- an area set aside for members of a specific ethnicity -- and nominal parliamentary democracy in the southeastern region of South Africa . Its capital was Umtata , which was renamed Mthatha in 2004 . Transkei represented a significant precedent and historic turning point in South Africa 's policy of apartheid and `` separate development '' ; it was the first of four territories to be declared independent of South Africa . Throughout its existence , it remained an internationally unrecognised , diplomatically isolated , politically unstable de facto one-party state , which at one point broke relations with South Africa , the only country that acknowledged it as a legal entity . In 1994 , it was reintegrated into its larger neighbour and became part of the Eastern Cape province .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3507fe9da6d457e081bc33fbe44d9c6e", "text": "Hangaza language Hangaza is a Bantu language spoken by the Hangaza people of Tanzania . It is closely related to and partially intelligible with the languages of Rwanda and Burundi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9526d966326a044ae9da4dce9582570d", "text": "Kwavi dialect Kwavi is the dialect of Maasai spoken by the Kwavi people ( a.k.a. Parakuyo or Baraguyu ) of Tanzania . According to Hurskainen ( 1994 ) , `` The Parakuyo ( earlier also called Ilparakuyo , Baraguyu , Kwavi , Lumbwa , and Iloikop ) are a Maa-speaking ethnic group scattered over a large area in the northeastern and central parts of Tanzania '' , while Beidelman ( 1960 ) confirms that `` Kwavi '' and `` Baraguyu '' are synonymous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f2b552c2b08f5a6f1560c4a1c6af13c", "text": "Shambala language Shambala or Shambaa is a Bantu language of Tanzania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bee55c354356ede8cba03bd4e9f9be59", "text": "List of endangered languages in Africa An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use , generally because it has few surviving speakers . If it loses all of its native speakers , it becomes an extinct language . UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between `` safe '' ( not endangered ) and `` extinct '' : Vulnerable Definitely endangered Severely endangered Critically endangered Africa is the world 's second-largest and second most-populous continent . At about 30.2 million km ² ( 11.7 million sq mi ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of the Earth 's total surface area and 20.4 % of the total land area . With about 922 million people ( as of 2005 ) in 61 territories , it accounts for about 14.2 % of the world 's human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . There are 53 countries , including Madagascar and all the island groups .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb656fe1727bcc499fb4a2ed84d4cfc9", "text": "Banyamulenge Banyamulenge , sometimes called `` Tutsi Congolese '' , is a term historically referring to the ethnic Tutsi concentrated on the High Plateau of South Kivu , in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo , close to the Burundi-Congo-Rwanda border . The Banyamulenge form a minority of the South Kivu population . Rival ethnic groups in the late 1990s claimed the Banyamulenge numbered no more than 35,000 , while the Banyamulenge sympathizers claim up to ten times that number . The population of Banyamulenge in the early 21st century is estimated at between 50,000 and 70,000 by René Lemarchand or by Gérard Prunier at around 60,000 -- 80,000 , a figure about 3 -- 4 percent of the total provincial population . Lemarchand notes that the group represents `` a rather unique case of ethnogenesis . '' The Banyamulenge of South Kivu are culturally and socially distinct from the Tutsis of North Kivu and the Tutsis who fled to South Kivu in the 1959 -- 1962 Rwandan revolution . Most Banyamulenge speak Kinyarwanda , and those that do speak it with a dialect different from other Tutsi groups . The ambiguous political and social position of the Banyamulenge has been a point of contention in the province , leading to the Banyamulenge playing a key role in the run-up to the First Congo War in 1996 -- 7 and Second Congo War of 1998 -- 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9be0333b4134d7af80ae08c327e88417", "text": "Nande language Nande , also known as ( Oru ) Ndandi and Yira , is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The Nande of Congo and the Konjo people of Uganda are a single ethnic group , which they call Yira ( Bayira ) . They trace their origins to the Ruwenzori Mountains between the two countries . The languages are close enough to be considered divergent dialects . Nande has a number of dialects of its own : Nande proper , Kumbule , Mate , Tangi , Sanza , Shu , Songola ( Songoora , Nyangala ) , Swaga / Kira ( in Nande , all of these are prefixed with eki - ) . For the varieties of this language known as Shu we are given the information that another language , `` EkiShukaali '' was formerly spoken by the women , the AvaShukaali . This may be a specific reference to some kind of `` secret jargon '' into which the girls , and not boys , were initiated . Some of the Nande of Congo have a patron -- vassal relationship with the Efé Pygmies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29fdf9383f2645fce4ae2075e0cbb6f0", "text": "Tanzanian sign languages Seven or so Tanzanian sign languages were developed independently among deaf students in separate Tanzanian schools for the Deaf starting in 1963 , though use of several is forbidden by their schools . In 1984 , a standardized Tanzanian Sign Language was proposed by the Tanzania Association for the Deaf , using common or similar signs where these exist in the schools which allowed research , but it has not been officially implemented , and there remains little influence between the languages . A dictionary has been produced . The common Swahili name in Tanzania for these languages is Lugha ya Alama . ( The name Lugha ya Bubu is also used , but is reported by Ethnologue to be pejorative . )", "title": "" } ]	fever
554169a20a91496e1ea738918a739f3a	Time Lords traditionally believe in neutrality.	[ { "docid": "55fb2c9a04d4bf1d84e57188868c8063", "text": "Time Lord The Time Lords are a fictional , ancient extraterrestrial people in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , of which the series ' protagonist , the Doctor , is a member . Time Lords are so named for their command of time travel technology and their non-linear perception of time . Originally they were described as a powerful and wise race from the planet Gallifrey , from which the Doctor was a renegade ; details beyond this were very limited for the first decade of the series . They later became integral to many episodes and stories as their role in the fictional universe developed . For the first eight years after the series resumed in 2005 , the Time Lords were said to have been destroyed at some point between the original series ' cancellation in 1989 and the show 's revival during the fictional Last Great Time War . In 2013 , the 50th anniversary special `` The Day of the Doctor '' concerned this supposed destruction and their eventual survival . They developed a culture of custodianship and time-related technologies based on this perception which includes strictly controlled space/time travel machines ( known as `` TARDISes '' ) and monitoring devices to travel through time and to prevent time from being subverted or abused -- although actual action was described as rare in practice due to their traditional policy of strict non-interference and neutrality . They can act to manipulate timelines of a wide range of events and individuals , so long as they do not cross back into their own timeline . Over subsequent episodes their history , their development of time manipulation , and their internal politics were touched upon , with Time Lord society portrayed as a stagnated ceremony-bound oligarchy and their past having descended into myth and legend . The Doctor became at times an ally , being appointed their president during his fourth incarnation and assisting them on many occasions .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f9591611ed34470cbe09b9db89b66f74", "text": "Sine qua non Sine qua non ( -LSB- ˌsaɪni_kweɪ_ˈnɒn -RSB- -LSB- ˈsine kwaː ˈnoːn -RSB- ) or conditio sine qua non ( plural : conditiones sine quibus non ) is an indispensable and essential action , condition , or ingredient . It was originally a Latin legal term for '' -LSB- a condition -RSB- without which it could not be '' , or `` but for ... '' or `` without which -LSB- there is -RSB- nothing '' . `` Sine qua non '' causation is the formal terminology for `` but-for '' causation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bc1b52bcae74f08cce2017ece7f6dd1", "text": "Armed neutrality Armed neutrality , in international politics , is the posture of a state or group of states that has no alliance with either side in a war , but asserts that it will defend itself against resulting incursions from any party . This may include : Military preparedness without commitment , especially as the expressed policy of a neutral nation in wartime ; readiness to counter with force an invasion of rights by any belligerent power . Armed neutrality is a term used in international politics , which is the attitude of a state or group of states which makes no alliance with either side in a war . It is the condition of a neutral power , during said war , to hold itself ready to resist by force , any aggression of either belligerent . Such states assert that they will defend themselves against resulting incursions from all parties . Neutrality maintained while weapons are kept available . Armed neutrality makes a seemingly-neutral state take up arms for protection to maintain its neutrality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57861f5dc598b944f774c601e794e432", "text": "Transpartisan Transpartisanship represents an emerging school of political thought which accepts the validity of truths across a range of political perspectives and seeks to synthesize them into an inclusive , pragmatic container beyond typical political dualities . It is distinct from bipartisanship , which aims to negotiate between `` right '' and `` left , '' resulting in a dualistic perspective , and nonpartisanship , which tends to avoid political affiliation altogether . Transpartisanship is a movement to support and advance a common ground - or `` new center '' - that already exists in U.S. politics , emerging periodically into public view in the form of `` unusual coalitions '' of progressives and conservatives around issues ranging from war and the military budget to corporate power and the surveillance state . The movement builds on methods of facilitated dialogue , deliberation and conflict resolution . Current examples of transpartisan initiatives include Transpartisan Center , TheSolution.org , Reuniting America , Transpartisan Alliance , and Liberty Coalition . Transpartisanship is an emerging field that advocates pragmatic and effective solutions to social and political problems , transcending and including preexisting political ideologies . Transpartisanship encompasses the idea that all systems are inextricably interconnected , and that successful outcomes can best be reached through inclusive , genuine , and respectful cooperation . Transpartisan democracy , in part , seeks to reintegrate the public 's voice in identifying , debating , and shaping governmental policies , while continuing to protect the sovereignty of the individual . The term `` Transpartisanship '' has emerged to provide a meaningful alternative to `` Bipartisanship , '' and `` Nonpartisanship . '' Bipartisanship limits the dialogue process to two political viewpoints or entities , striving for compromise solutions . Nonpartisanship , on the other hand , tends to deny the existence of differing viewpoints in exchange for cooperation . Both the bipartisan and nonpartisan approaches can discount the multiplicity of viewpoints that exist , which often results in incomplete and therefore unsuccessful outcomes . In contrast to these , transpartisanship recognizes the existence and validity of many points of view , and advocates a constructive dialogue aimed at arriving at creative , integrated , and therefore , breakthrough solutions that meet the needs of all present . Transpartisan gatherings have resulted not only in surprisingly civil conversations noted by mainstream media but also in shifts from traditional ideological stances by some participants . A close relative of transpartisanship is Integral politics . A transpartisan approach to policy would necessarily include individual and collective , as well as subjective and objective , perspective . Furthermore , similar to Integral theory , transpartisanship places politics in a developmental context , viewing democracy and prosperity not as static attainments , but rather emergent properties along a continuum of developmental stages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c2dd0b1c1dee53f80178a3f9f77717", "text": "Prophecy in the Seventh-day Adventist Church Seventh-day Adventists believe that Ellen G. White , one of the church 's co-founders , was a prophet , understood today as an expression of the New Testament spiritual gift of prophecy . Seventh-day Adventist believe that White had the spiritual gift of prophecy , but that her writings are inferior to the Bible , which has ultimate authority . According to the 28 Fundamentals the core set of theological beliefs held by the Seventh-day Adventist Church , states that Adventists accept the Bible as their only creed and can be read online on the website of the Seventh-day Adventist Church . The 18 of the 28 Fundamentals states the Adventists viewpoint on the Gift of Prophecy : `` One of the gifts of the Holy Spirit is prophecy . This gift is an identifying mark of the remnant church and was manifested in the ministry of Ellen . G. White . As the Lord 's messenger , her writings are a continuing and authoritative source of truth which provide for the church comfort , guidance , instruction , and correction . They also make clear that the Bible is the standard by which all teaching and experience must be tested . ( Joel 2:28 , 29 ; Acts 2:14 -21 ; Heb . 1:1 -3 ; Rev. 12:17 ; 19:10 . ) . '' According to one church document , `` her expositions on any given Bible passage offer an inspired guide to the meaning of texts without exhausting their meaning or preempting the task of exegesis '' . In other words , White 's writings are considered an inspired commentary on Scripture , although Scripture remains ultimately authoritative . Adventist believe she had the spiritual gift of prophecy as outlined in Revelation 19:10 . Her restorationist writings endeavor to showcase the hand of God in Christian history . This cosmic conflict , referred to as the `` Great Controversy theme '' , is foundational to the development of Seventh-day Adventist theology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2fc6c29f6309b6ec76913f6ed1f9212", "text": "Vendor-neutral data centre Vendor neutrality in the data centre market refers to a specialised and focused business model , in which a data centre provider limits its activities to a fixed set of value layers in order to avoid conflicts of interest . The provider creates an open market and a platform for others to add value . The provider remains neutral and independent and offers standard open interconnect policies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70bbd1fba84758d8139f2a6ecf18980a", "text": "Thirteenth stroke of the clock Thirteenth stroke of the clock or `` thirteen strikes of the clock '' is a phrase , saying , and proverb to indicate that the previous events or `` strokes to the clock '' must be called into question . This is illustrated in the fictional case of `` Rex vs Haddock '' in which a remark by one of the parties is compared to the thirteenth stroke of a clock : not only is this thirteenth strike itself discredited , but it casts a shade of doubt over all previous assertions . This proverb puts forth the notion that if just one of someone 's proclamations is wrong , or something of a process is wrong , then the correctness and accuracy of all the previous items is called into question . In a legal case it brings forth the notion that perhaps none of the party 's claims are valid , given that one of them is obviously wrong . A physicist and mathematician notes the problem with his variation on the same general idea . He points out that if a clock strikes the thirteenth hour then it has counted wrongly and reflects on the other twelve hours of the clock 's strokes as then they could also be wrong . Within the 24-hour clock system used for official and technical purposes throughout most of the world , there is a time that could be called `` 13 o'clock '' . However , the 24-hour system only came into widespread use in the 20th century , and most analogue clocks ( including virtually all chiming or striking clocks ) still work on the 12-hour system . A striking clock rings a bell once for each hour of the time . One ring is 1 o'clock , two rings is 2 o'clock , three rings is 3 o'clock , four rings is 4 o'clock , etc. . Traditional clocks that strike a bell only mark 12 hours . After the twelfth hour with the twelve rings of the bell then the next hour should be with one ring only , indicating 1 o'clock . Accordingly , with very rare exceptions , when a clock rings thirteen times it is indicating an impossible time and that the clock is not functioning correctly . A children 's riddle asks `` What time is it when the clock strikes thirteen ? '' The answer is `` Time to get a new clock ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc0239c74544dc637a5dd1e817fee17", "text": "Ahistoricism Ahistoricism refers to a lack of concern for history , historical development , or tradition . Charges of ahistoricism are frequently critical , implying that the subject is historically inaccurate or ignorant ( for example , an ahistorical attitude ) . It can also describe a person 's failure to frame an argument or issue in a historical context or to disregard historical fact or implication . An example of this would be films including dinosaurs and prehistoric human beings living side by side , even though they were in reality millions of years apart . It also can be descriptive of a view that history has no relevance or importance in the decision making of modern life . In some academic contexts , ahistoricism is the accepted norm . For example , the history of science is generally considered a quite separate discipline from , and not directly important to , research science . In philosophy , some criticism has arisen because `` the dominant school of philosophy in the English speaking world , analytic philosophy -LSB- ... -RSB- has been trenchantly ahistorical , and indeed anti-historical '' , but that this is a problem remains a minority view . A more abstract definition of ahistoricism is simply independence from time , i.e. removed from history . For example , the idea that some concepts are n't governed by what is learned or has happened in the past , but come from an ahistoric power , independent of what has gone before .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "493d0a316be6a416759a6916fa978952", "text": "Racebending __ NOTOC __ Racebending is a neologism used to describe a process where a character 's perceived race or ethnicity is changed in a narrative by an adapter as it is created in a new media form . The term was coined by one of the founders of the website Racebending.com , which was created to protest the casting of white actors in the 2010 film The Last Airbender , where the originating TV series Avatar : The Last Airbender featured characters of East Asian appearance . The term `` racebending '' was derived from Avatar characters ' ability to manipulate or `` bend '' the classical elements of water , earth , fire , and air . Assistant Professor Kristen J. Warner wrote that the term has `` many definitions and contexts '' , such as being the industrial practice of color-blind casting or writing fan fiction , the latter being `` when writers change the race and cultural specificity of central characters or pull a secondary character of color from the margins , transforming her into the central protagonist . '' In 2010 , Racebending.com and the Media Action Network for Asian Americans ( MANAA ) urged boycotts of The Last Airbender as well as Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time due to their practices of racebending . Prince of Persia was criticized for casting white actors for the principal cast instead of actors of Iranian or Middle Eastern descent . Fan activism over The Last Airbender led to the term becoming prevalent and becoming the name of the activist movement . Activists used the term interchangeably with `` whitewashing '' to describe white actors being cast as non-white characters in adaptations of media . Pastes Abbey White said in 2016 that the term was subsequently adopted to apply to actors of color being cast in traditionally white roles . White said , `` In the last several years , racebending has become a practice used more and more to help networks diversify their ensembles and capture a bigger audience . Not only has it resulted in more racial visibility on the small screen , but in a far more unexpected way , racebending can generate deeper and more significant depictions of characters . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb197b9cabc147ca8fac57e11dc389f", "text": "Nones (liturgy) Nones ( -LSB- ˈnoʊnz -RSB- ) , also known as None ( Nona , `` Ninth '' ) , the Ninth Hour , or the Midafternoon Prayer , is a fixed time of prayer of the Divine Office of almost all the traditional Christian liturgies . It consists mainly of psalms and is said around 3 pm , about the ninth hour after dawn . Following Vatican II , the hour is optional in the Catholic Church : it may be said whenever convenient during the day or omitted entirely . However , bishops and priests are still expected to recite the full sequence of hours , as closely as possible to the traditional time of day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a17b18db69e04fb08ba30edc1e0130d", "text": "Logic of Empire `` Logic of Empire '' is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert A. Heinlein . Part of his Future History series , it originally appeared in Astounding Science Fiction ( March 1941 ) , and was collected in The Green Hills of Earth ( and subsequently The Past Through Tomorrow ) . Ostensibly a tale about a man in the wrong place at the wrong time , and his struggle to free himself from the oppressive circumstances in which he is plunged , this story also serves to explain how slavery develops in a new colony . Even in the future , the technology available to a new colony is always initially low . If a machine to do a necessary job is too expensive to import ( say a wheat harvester , a water pump , or even a washing machine ) , a human must do it instead . If too many jobs must be done by hand and there is a shortage of labor compared with independent resources that free labor could take up ( `` land '' , although this condition is not clear in the story ) , a market for slavery develops . Decades later , while there is still an abundance of land , this market remains because the colony itself has quotas to meet and debts to repay - they can not spare the resources to develop local industries to make the machines themselves and free labor does not have to bid its price down enough to out compete slave labor . Throughout the story , Heinlein takes the view of the objective narrator when describing Venusian society . `` Logic of Empire '' places different rationales on the people who participate in slavery . There are no real villains ; everybody 's just doing their job , trying to maximize income in a capitalist system . Even the plantation owner who owns the hero is portrayed as a struggling -- and failing -- small businessman , whose main motivation is to secure a livelihood for his daughter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe69bd4e74bb7e11e7cc4d91171f9b6", "text": "Medical neutrality Medical Neutrality refers to a principle of noninterference with medical services in times of armed conflict and civil unrest : physicians must be allowed to care for the sick and wounded , and soldiers must receive care regardless of their political affiliations ; all parties must refrain from attacking and misusing medical facilities , transport , and personnel . Concepts comprising the principles of medical neutrality derive from international human rights law , medical ethics and humanitarian law . Medical neutrality may be thought of as a kind of social contract that obligates societies to protect medical personnel in both times of war and peace , and obligates medical personnel to treat all individuals regardless of religion , race , ethnicity , or political affiliation . Violations of medical neutrality constitute crimes outlined in the Geneva Conventions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2fdf2a273e0e46576ef2f8ad9d9d9f1", "text": "Shayde Shayde is a fictional character who appeared in the Doctor Who Magazine comic strip based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Shayde is an artificial being , a construct of the Gallifreyan Matrix -- the massive computer network that serves as the repository of all Time Lord knowledge . He was created by the minds of the dead Time Lords that reside within the Matrix , and was a servant of Rassilon . He first appeared in the story The Tides of Time , published in DWM # 61 - # 67 , written by Steve Parkhouse and drawn by Dave Gibbons . In that story , he aided the Fifth Doctor in defeating the otherdimensional demon Melanicus , at first covertly but then , as the Time Lords increased his power levels , he was able to manifest himself and help the Doctor directly . Among Shayde 's powers are the abilities to travel through space and time unaided , fire deadly self-generated `` psychic bullets '' and be invisible to security systems . He can also phase through solid objects and track people through time and space given enough data . Shayde next appeared when the TARDIS was possessed by an Elemental being . Having no instructions from the Time Lords , Shayde was allowed to act on his own and helped the Doctor expel the entity from the TARDIS . When the Doctor was placed on trial by the Time Lords for allowing the possession to take place and possibly placing Gallifrey in danger , Shayde surreptitiously erased the evidence , leading to the Doctor 's acquittal ( The Stockbridge Horror , DWM # 70 - # 75 ) . It was nearly fifteen years before Shayde reappeared in the comic strip . At that time , the Doctor was in his Eighth incarnation and was dying due to the events of the previous adventure ( Tooth and Claw , DWM # 257 - # 260 ) . His companions at the time , Izzy and Fey had taken him back to Gallifrey where he was cured and his mind placed within the Matrix to recover . While within the Matrix , an attempt was made on the Doctor 's life by a secret Time Lord sect known as the Elysians , and Shayde stopped them . The assassination attempt was part of a plot by Overseer Luther , an insane Time Lord who wanted to rewrite Gallifrey 's history and set himself up as a god . The Doctor managed to thwart Luther by short-circuiting his watchtower ( a gigantic TARDIS ) , but apparently at the cost of his eighth body . As Izzy and Fey watched , the Doctor regenerated into a new incarnation . ( The Final Chapter , DWM # 262 - # 265 ) . However , this was a ruse . The Doctor had realised that Fey was under external control when she had managed to pilot the TARDIS even though the TARDIS manual was in Gallifreyan script , which she did not understand . Just before the Doctor prepared to sacrifice himself , Shayde offered to take his place and fake a regeneration . This way , the group that was controlling Fey -- the Threshold , a mercenary organisation that the Doctor had tangled with before -- would seize the opportunity to bring a newly regenerated and thus weaker Doctor to them . Both disguised with personal chameleon circuits , Shayde would hold their attention while the Doctor sabotaged the Threshold 's operations . In a Wild West town on an alien moon run by the Threshold , the Doctor 's plans came to fruition . When Shayde and the Doctor revealed themselves to the Threshold , Shayde had to contend with the Pariah , an immensely powerful being who was his predecessor . The Pariah was another construct of Rassilon , but he had tried to destroy her when she developed free will and rebelled . Now , the Pariah wanted to take revenge , not just on Gallifrey but the whole universe . Shayde was unable to defeat the Pariah on his own , and she crushed his skull . However , Fey merged with the dying Shayde and together they were able to kill the Pariah and eliminate the Threshold . The shared being , dubbed `` Feyde '' by the Doctor , although both of them retained their own consciousness , decided to leave and deal with what had just happened to them ( Wormwood , DWM # 266 - # 271 ) . Fey returned to her own time period , the 1940s , where , as an agent of the British government , she spent two years fighting the Nazis and being frustrated that Shayde would not allow her to use their powers to kill Adolf Hitler , as this would change history . In 1941 , she received a sub-ether summons from the Doctor -- Izzy had been kidnapped , and the Doctor needed Shayde 's abilities to track her whereabouts . Together , they succeeded in recovering Izzy , and `` Feyde '' returned to World War II . Shayde is one of the few characters from the comic strip that has made the cross-over into the other spin-off media . In a special Big Finish Productions audio play given away with DWM # 326 titled No Place Like Home , Shayde helped the Fifth Doctor against another force -- a mutated Gallifreyan mouse called a rovie -- that had infiltrated the TARDIS and was trying to kill the Doctor and his companions . The character of Shayde was voiced by Mark Donovan . Category : Comics characters introduced in 1982 Category : Doctor Who comic strip characters Category : Doctor Who audio characters", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fea26e6f4c93f9dfb46d6c917802afa2", "text": "Transaction time In temporal databases , transaction time ( TT ) is the time period during which a fact stored in the database is considered to be true . As of December 2011 , ISO/IEC 9075 , Database Language SQL :2011 Part 2 : SQL/Foundation included clauses in table definitions to define `` system-versioned tables '' ( that is , transaction-time tables ) . In a database table transaction time is often represented by two extra table-columns StartTT and EndTT . The time interval is closed at its lower bound and open at its upper bound . When the ending transaction time is unknown , it may be considered as `` Until Changed '' . Academic researchers and some RDBMS have represented `` Until Changed '' with the largest timestamp supported or the keyword `` forever '' . This convention is not technically precise . The term was coined by Richard T. Snodgrass and his doctoral student .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f07e0130a8a47f6c2214243e704560a", "text": "The Left was Never Right The Left was Never Right was a book published in June 1945 by Quintin Hogg , the Conservative MP for Oxford , which examined the speeches and policies of politicians from the Labour Party and the Liberal Party concerning armaments and appeasement . These were contrasted to quotes by Conservative MPs such as Winston Churchill and Sir Austen Chamberlain supporting British rearmament and against appeasement of Germany . The books dust-jacket quoted Jesus ' remark : `` Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee '' from Luke 19:22 . Hogg stated that the Gollancz books were `` morally wicked , unpatriotic and factually incorrect . The Left Was Never Right was an attempt to set the record straight and to establish that unpreparedness before the war was largely the consequence of the policies of the parties of the Left '' . It was the only book published which specifically countered Gollancz publications such as Guilty Men . In his memoirs , Hogg wrote that although the book was `` a success ... it was too little too late to counteract the impression made by the earlier Gollancz publications '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6d0d2b7726f3f1f34c679f08d790117", "text": "Book of Shadows A Book of Shadows is a book containing religious texts and instructions for magical rituals found within the Neopagan religion of Wicca.Throughout the centuries many practicing witches would account their knowledge in their Book Of Shadows , however once witches were threatened by the prospect of being executed many , wisely , stopped and destroyed their BoS in order to stay safe and alive . However there are still several books that have managed to survived through history . One famous Book of Shadows was created by the pioneering Wiccan Gerald Gardner sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s , and which he utilised first in his Bricket Wood coven and then in other covens which he founded in following decades . The Book of Shadows is also used by other Wiccan traditions , such as Alexandrianism and Mohsianism , and with the rise of books teaching people how to begin following Wicca in the 1970s onward , the idea of the Book of Shadows was then further propagated amongst solitary practitioners unconnected to earlier traditions . Initially , when Wicca was still dominated by covens , `` only one copy -LSB- of the Book -RSB- existed for an entire coven , kept by the high priestess or high priest . That rule has proved unfeasible , and it is -LSB- now -RSB- commonplace for all Witches to have their own copies . '' In the various traditions that make up British Traditional Wicca , copies of the original Book composed by Gerald Gardner with the aid of his High Priestess Doreen Valiente , along with alterations and additions that have been made since then , is followed by adherents . They have tried to keep the contents of this Book a secret , although it has been published on a number of occasions by figures such as Charles Cardell , Lady Sheba , and Janet and Stewart Farrar . In other Wiccan traditions and amongst a number of solitary practitioners , alternate versions of the Book have been written that are independent of Gardner 's original . Numerous associations and traditions have since grown up around the Book of Shadows . Traditionally , `` a Witch 's book of shadows is destroyed upon death . '' The concept of the Book of Shadows has subsequently appeared in popular culture , for instance being utilised in the American television series Charmed and providing the title of films , musical albums and comics . However , in all these cases it was taken out of its original Wiccan context .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8ef3cfee29c5c00e2e0285408b1e19", "text": "Theodicy and the Bible Theodicy , in its most common form , is the attempt to answer the question of why a good God permits the manifestation of evil . Theodicy attempts to resolve the evidential problem of evil by reconciling the traditional divine characteristics of omnibenevolence and omnipotence , in either their absolute or relative form , with the occurrence of evil or suffering in the world . `` Writings and discourses on theodicy by Jews , Greeks , Christians , and Eastern religions have graced our planet for thousands of years , '' and `` debates about theodicy continue among believers and unbelievers alike '' . Theodicy is an `` intensely urgent '' and `` constant concern '' of `` the entire Bible '' . Relating theodicy and the Bible is crucial to understanding Abrahamic theodicy because the Bible `` has been , both in theory and in fact , the dominant influence upon ideas about God and evil in the Western world '' . The Bible raises the issue of theodicy by its portrayals of God as inflicting evil and by its accounts of people who question God 's goodness by their angry indictments . However , the Bible `` contains no comprehensive theodicy '' . `` The most common theodicy is the free will theodicy . '' It lays the blame for all moral evil and some natural evil on humanity 's misuse of its free will . This article shows that the free will theodicy interacts with the Bible at its core : what Jesus and Paul say about the freedom of the will and with what kind of freedom of the will God endowed humanity at the Creation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ee53a4e55d6692ec2046aa33497d9d5", "text": "False light False light is a legal term that refers to a tort concerning privacy that is similar to the tort of defamation . The privacy laws in the United States include a non-public person 's right to protection from publicity which puts the person in a false light to the public . That right is balanced against the First Amendment right of free speech . False light differs from defamation primarily in being intended `` to protect the plaintiff 's mental or emotional well-being '' , rather than to protect a plaintiff 's reputation as is the case with the tort of defamation and in being about the impression created rather than being about veracity . If a publication of information is false , then a tort of defamation might have occurred . If that communication is not technically false but is still misleading , then a tort of false light might have occurred . False light privacy claims often arise under the same facts as defamation cases , and therefore not all states recognize false light actions . There is a subtle difference in the way courts view the legal theories -- false light cases are about damage to a person 's personal feelings or dignity , whereas defamation is about damage to a person 's reputation . The specific elements of the tort of false light vary considerably , even among those jurisdictions which do recognize this Tort . Generally , these elements consist of the following : A publication by the Defendant about the Plaintiff ; made with actual malice ( very similar to that type required by New York Times v. Sullivan in `` Defamation '' cases ) ; which places the Plaintiff in a false light ; AND that would be highly offensive ( i.e. , embarrassing to reasonable persons ) . Some U.S. state courts have ruled that false light lawsuits brought under their states ' laws must be rewritten as defamation lawsuits ; these courts generally base their opinion on the premises that a ) any publication or statement giving rise to a false-light claim will also give rise to a defamation claim , such that the set of statements creating false light is necessarily , although not by definition , entirely within the set of statements constituting defamation ; and b ) the standard of what would be `` highly offensive '' or `` embarrassing '' to a reasonable person is much more difficult to apply than is the state 's standard for defamation , such that the potential penalties for violating the former standard would have an unconstitutional or otherwise unacceptable chilling effect on the media . However , `` most states do allow false light claims to be brought , even where a defamation claim would suffice . '' Roughly two-thirds of states do not recognize the false light claim . The states that do recognize it will not allow a plaintiff to maintain suit for both false light and defamation .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c4a3c8bddb07bf7c310ba6ffa63a48e1	Some filming for Arrested Development occurred in Culver City.	[ { "docid": "4c6629d6e2edeca956041d742288546c", "text": "Arrested Development (TV series) Arrested Development is an American television sitcom created by Mitchell Hurwitz , which originally aired on Fox for three seasons from November 2 , 2003 to February 10 , 2006 . A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26 , 2013 . The show follows the fictitious Bluth family , a formerly wealthy and habitually dysfunctional family . It is presented in a continuous format , incorporating handheld camera work and voice-over narration , as well as the use of occasional archival photos and historical footage . The show also utilizes several long-running `` Easter egg '' jokes throughout each season . Ron Howard serves as both an executive producer and the series ' uncredited narrator . Set in Newport Beach , California , Arrested Development was filmed primarily in Culver City and Marina del Rey . After its debut in 2003 , the series received widespread critical acclaim , six Primetime Emmy Awards , and one Golden Globe Award , and has attracted a cult following , including several fan-based websites . In 2007 , Time listed the show among its `` All-TIME 100 TV Shows '' ; in 2008 , it was ranked 16th on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , IGN named Arrested Development the `` funniest show of all time '' . Its humor has been cited as a key influence on later single-camera sitcoms such as 30 Rock and Community . Despite critical acclaim , Arrested Development received low ratings and viewership on Fox , which canceled the series in 2006 . Rumors of an additional season and a feature film persisted until 2011 , when Netflix agreed to license new episodes and distribute them exclusively on its video streaming service . These episodes were later released in 2013 . Netflix has also commissioned a fifth season of Arrested Development which will premiere in 2018 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1bce1210b6c4482455c41016ec1334f7", "text": "Studio City, Los Angeles Studio City is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles , California , in the San Fernando Valley . It is named after the studio lot that was established in the area by film producer Mack Sennett in 1927 , now known as CBS Studio Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b47afcdb44cabb48775fc4629ffd40c1", "text": "Mount Olympus, Los Angeles Mount Olympus is a prominent neighborhood in the Hollywood Hills area of the city of Los Angeles , California . It is a community of single family residences founded in 1969 by developer Russ Vincent . It is bounded by Hollywood Boulevard , Laurel Canyon Boulevard , Willow Glen Road , and Nichols Canyon Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fdd68dd2dfce9988713a36398fe878e", "text": "L.A. Live L.A. Live is an entertainment complex in the South Park District of Downtown Los Angeles , California . It is adjacent to the Staples Center and Los Angeles Convention Center . L.A. Live was developed by Anschutz Entertainment Group ( AEG ) , Wachovia Corp , Azteca Corp , investment firm MacFarlane Partners , and with tax deferments paid by Los Angeles taxpayers . It cost approximately to build . The architectural firm responsible for the master plan and phase two buildings was Baltimore-based RTKL Associates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7e3f50fbd4399d43270b194a33d3888", "text": "Hollywood Sign The Hollywood Sign ( formerly the Hollywoodland Sign ) is a landmark and American cultural icon located in Los Angeles , California . It is situated on Mount Lee , in the Hollywood Hills area of the Santa Monica Mountains . The sign overlooks Hollywood , Los Angeles . `` HOLLYWOOD '' is spelled out in 45 ft-tall white capital letters and is 350 feet ( 106.7 m ) long . It was originally created in 1923 as an advertisement for a local real estate development , but it garnered increasing recognition after the sign was left up . The sign was a frequent target of pranks and vandalism , but it has since undergone restoration , including the installation of a security system to deter vandalism . The sign is protected and promoted by The Trust For Public Land , a nonprofit organization , while its site and the surrounding land are part of Griffith Park . From the ground , the contours of the hills give the sign a wavy appearance . When observed at a comparable altitude , the letters appear nearly level . The sign makes frequent appearances in popular culture , particularly in establishing shots for films and television programs set in or around Hollywood . Signs of similar style , but spelling different words , are frequently seen as parodies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e86d04169319c215d0ceca68495d810", "text": "Campus PD Campus PD was an American television show on G4 . The show was produced by the UK-based production company Cineflix Productions , who also produced American Pickers ( which airs on the History Channel in the United States ) as well as Canadian Pickers ( which airs on Canada 's History Television ) . The show was similar in style and tone to COPS . Unlike COPS , Campus PD focused specifically on college and university campuses and towns and the authorities who patrol them , either using local police departments or the on-campus police departments maintained autonomously by the universities themselves . Filming takes place at various locations across the country . The theme song for the first two seasons was The Clash song `` Police on My Back '' . The entire series is available on iTunes . As of January 10 , 2017 , reruns of Campus PD can be seen on cable network Spike .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6a75a7509af14af1644c86838be7551", "text": "East Village, San Diego East Village is a neighborhood in San Diego , California , United States . It is the largest urban neighborhood in downtown San Diego . It is located east of the Gaslamp Quarter and southeast of the Core district and Cortez Hill in downtown San Diego . East Village encompasses 130 blocks between Seventh Avenue east to 18th Street . The thriving urban enclave is home to more than 700 businesses including restaurants , hotels , and art galleries . The East Village Business Improvement District is managed by The East Village Association , Inc. ( EVA ) , a nonprofit corporation 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63b71c3e01c06b8b32dc1b27b4f1866e", "text": "The Burbank Studios The Burbank Studios ( formerly known as NBC Studios ) is a television production facility located in Burbank , California . The studio is home to Days of Our Lives , The Robert Irvine Show , and Henry Danger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae39c926f086b147efe25dc5157f4d91", "text": "Laguna Beach (season 3) The third season of Laguna Beach : The Real Orange County , an American reality television series , consists of 16 episodes and was broadcast on MTV . It aired from August 16 , 2006 , until November 15 , 2006 . The season was filmed primarily in Laguna Beach , California , with additional footage in Los Angeles . The executive producer was Tony DiSanto . Laguna Beach focuses on the lives of rich teenagers from Laguna Beach , California . During the season , Tessa Keller struggles to balance her school social life along with her best friend Raquel `` Rocky '' Donatelli . The pair attend Laguna Beach High School and Rocky tries to mend her friendship with fellow cast member Breanna Conrad which causes conflict between Tessa and Rocky . The girls often find themselves the target of the mean girls and popular clique leaders , Kyndra and Cami .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4627eca05b661c2e4f918942fa4f9424", "text": "Carmel Highlands, California Carmel Highlands is an unincorporated community in Monterey County , California , United States . It is 3.5 mi south of Carmel-by-the-Sea ( better known as simply , `` Carmel '' ) , at an elevation of 318 feet ( 97 m ) . Carmel Highlands is also located just south of the Point Lobos State Reserve , and serves as the northern gateway of the Big Sur coastline along California State Route 1 . Carmel Highlands was laid out in 1916 by developers Frank Powers and Franklin Devendorf . The Carmel Highlands was especially important in the development of the regional art colony during the first half of the 20th century . Here many painters and sculptors found inspiration in the rugged scenery and established studio-homes , including : Ferdinand Burgdorff , Alice Comins , Theodore Criley , Arthur Hill Gilbert , Ralph Helm Johonnot , Ada Howe Kent , George Koch , Louise F. MacDougal , John O'Shea , Thomas Parkhurst , Ira Remsen , William Frederic Ritschel , Nora Havel Ritschel. , Ansel Adams , and Edward Weston , whose studio home , Wildcat Hill , is preserved and occupied by his grandson , Kim Weston . The local Carmel literati frequently socialized in the Highlands , including Lincoln Steffens , Ella Winter , Robinson Jeffers , and Sinclair Lewis . The real estate in this entire area is some of the most expensive in the United States . Many celebrities have homes and vacation homes in this area . The ZIP Code is 93923 , and the community is inside area code 831 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74b589f958f5897893a9e1d3428f45c4", "text": "South Coast Metro South Coast Metro is a district in Orange County , California consisting of a dense mix of residential , office , and retail developments that spreads out from South Coast Plaza and forms an urban-retail village that is distinct from the surrounding suburban development . The cultural element includes the Segerstrom Center for the Arts and South Coast Repertory theater company . Adjacent to John Wayne Airport , the area includes portions of Santa Ana and Costa Mesa , and is adjacent to Irvine and Newport Beach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900ae894ee3e832df2399de4049c63c6", "text": "Crime in Washington, D.C. Crime in Washington , D.C. , is directly related to the city 's changing demographics , geography , and unique criminal justice system . The District 's population reached a peak of 982,178 in 1950 . However , shortly thereafter , the city began losing residents and by 1980 Washington had lost one-quarter of its population . The population loss to the suburbs also created a new demographic pattern , which divided affluent neighborhoods west of Rock Creek Park from more crime-ridden and blighted areas to the east . Despite being the headquarters of multiple federal law enforcement agencies , such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) and United States Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , the nationwide crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s greatly affected the city and led to large increases in crime . The number of homicides in Washington peaked in 1991 at 897 ( a rate of nearly 60.8 homicides per 100,000 residents ) , and the city eventually became known as the `` murder capital '' of the United States . The crime rate started to fall in the mid-1990s as the crack cocaine epidemic gave way to economic revitalization projects . Gentrification efforts have also started to transform the demographics of distressed neighborhoods , recently leading to the first rise in the District 's population in 60 years . By the mid-2000s , crime rates in Washington dropped to their lowest levels in over 20 years . As in many major cities , crime remains a significant factor in D.C. , especially in the city 's northwestern neighborhoods , which tend to be more affluent , draw more tourists , and have more vibrant nightlife . Violent crime also remains a problem in Ward 8 , which has the city 's highest concentration of poverty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b1856f745a398c1556f8075fe93924c", "text": "L.A. Noire L.A. Noire is a neo-noir detective action-adventure video game developed by Team Bondi and published by Rockstar Games . It was initially released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms on 17 May 2011 ; a Microsoft Windows port was later released on 8 November 2011 . L.A. Noire is set in Los Angeles in 1947 and challenges the player , controlling a Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) officer , to solve a range of cases across five divisions . Players must investigate crime scenes for clues , follow up leads , and interrogate suspects , and the player 's success at these activities will impact how much of each case 's story is revealed . The game draws heavily from both the plot and aesthetic elements of film noir -- stylistic films made popular in the 1940s and 1950s that share similar visual styles and themes , including crime and moral ambiguity -- along with drawing inspiration from real-life crimes for its in-game cases , based upon what was reported by the Los Angeles media in 1947 . The game uses a distinctive colour palette , but in homage to film noir it includes the option to play the game in black and white . Various plot elements reference the major themes of detective and mobster stories such as The Naked City , Chinatown , The Untouchables , The Black Dahlia , and L.A. Confidential . L.A. Noire is notable for using Depth Analysis 's newly developed technology MotionScan , whereby the actors portraying the game 's characters were recorded by 32 surrounding cameras to capture facial expressions from every angle . The technology is central to the game 's interrogation mechanic , as players must use the suspects ' reactions to questioning to judge whether or not they are lying . L.A. Noire was the first video game to be shown at the Tribeca Film Festival . Upon release , the game received wide acclaim for its advances in storytelling and facial animation technology . As of February 2012 , both PC and console versions had shipped nearly 5 million copies combined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dabcd69c6f667bbb973efd6f052dc30", "text": "Downtown, Agoura Hills, California Downtown is the commercial and geographic heart of Agoura Hills , California , a district built mainly in the 1970s to replace the city 's old heart in what is now the Historic Quarter . Downtown features a number of shopping centers , focused on Thousand Oaks Blvd. and Kanan Rd. , the area 's two main thoroughfares . Although in the past few decades much of the city 's entertainment life had moved south to Malibu Junction , leaving a great deal of urban decay behind , there is a current renaissance of entertainment in downtown , fueled by the opening and redesign of a number of restaurants and cafes , as well as the construction boom in the South End . Downtown is bordered by Upper Downtown to the north , East Agoura to the southeast , South End to the south , Midtown to the southwest , and Morrison Ranch to the northwest . Category : Neighborhoods in Agoura Hills , California", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e8f29c493670df2eeeb80a1ab4c067b", "text": "CineTel Films CineTel Films Inc. is an independent film production company and distributor based in West Hollywood , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b69e05f3f5bcf7223f8770b9469f1c53", "text": "Pomona, California Pomona is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley , between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city 's population was 149,058 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d67d5c230314dce06cc69d673db38161", "text": "Lakewood, California Lakewood is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . The population was 80,048 at the 2010 census . It is bordered by Long Beach on the west and south , Bellflower on the north , Cerritos on the northeast , Cypress on the east , and Hawaiian Gardens on the southeast . Major thoroughfares include Lakewood ( SR 19 ) , Bellflower , and Del Amo Boulevards and Carson and South Streets . The San Gabriel River Freeway ( I-605 ) runs through the city 's eastern regions . Sometimes called `` an instant city '' because of its origins , going from lima bean fields in 1950 to a well-developed city by 1960 , Lakewood is a classic example of a post -- World War II American suburb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a3f2003c1ca99aaa0277609765a464b", "text": "Los Angeles High School Los Angeles High School is the oldest public high school in the Southern California Region and in the Los Angeles Unified School District . Its colors are royal blue and white and the teams are called the Romans . Los Angeles High School is a public secondary high school , enrolling an estimated 2,000 students in grades 9-12 . After operating on a year-round basis consisting of three tracks for ten years , it was restored to a traditional calendar in 2010 . Los Angeles High School receives accreditation approval from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges ( WASC ) . Concurrent enrollment programs , provided in large by the Los Angeles Unified School District and the Los Angeles Community College District , are offered with West Los Angeles College , Los Angeles Trade Technical College , Los Angeles City College , or Santa Monica College . Los Angeles High School is a large , urban , inner-city school located in the Mid-Wilshire District of Los Angeles . The attendance boundary consists of a contrasting spectrum of economic diversity ranging from affluent Hancock Park and Lafayette Square to the low-income , densely populated immigrant community of Koreatown . Within the school is a College Incentive Magnet Program . Forty-four percent of the student population is identified as LEP , or Limited English Proficient . Currently , 66 % of the students are identified as eligible to receive supplemental instructional services and materials through the Federal Title I Program . The magnet high school has a university preparatory secondary high school program and a `` school within a school . '' First established as a part of student integration services in the 1970s , the Los Angeles High School Math/Science/Technology magnet prepares students with an intensive , rigorous course load in order to better prepare them for university entrance . There are 317 students enrolled in the magnet program , grades 9-12 . Typically , the senior class has approximately 35 % of seniors entering into four-year universities and schools . The magnet senior class typically has 85 % of its senior class entering into four-year colleges and universities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0763f997dff541e0208509baf69a7eab", "text": "Arrested Development (radio series) Arrested Development was a short-lived British radio programme that aired from May to June 2000 . There were four half-hour episodes and it was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 . It starred Letitia Dean and Susannah Doyle . The show was written by Simon Warne and produced by Tracey Neale .", "title": "" } ]	fever
00d6dd71d18d34a1db35c737bf68e5b8	Jesus was a leader of a religion.	[ { "docid": "b9d828f4820030fb0a5928f551b1a8b4", "text": "Jesus Jesus ( -LSB- ˈdʒiːzəs -RSB- ; c. 4 BC -- c. AD 30/33 ) , also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ , was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who became the central figure of Christianity . Christians believe him to be the Son of God and the awaited Messiah ( Christ ) prophesied in the Old Testament . Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically , although the quest for the historical Jesus has produced little agreement on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the biblical Jesus reflects the historical Jesus . Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the Baptist and subsequently began his own ministry , preaching his message orally and often being referred to as `` rabbi '' . He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities , and was crucified by the order of Pontius Pilate , the Roman prefect . Jesus debated fellow Jews on how to best follow God , performed healings , taught in parables and gathered followers . After his death , his followers believed he rose from the dead , and the community they formed eventually became the Christian Church . His birth is celebrated annually on December 25 ( or various dates in January for some eastern churches ) as a holiday known as Christmas , his crucifixion is honored on Good Friday , and his resurrection is celebrated on Easter . The widely used calendar era `` AD '' , from the Latin anno Domini ( `` in the year of the Lord '' ) , and the alternative `` CE '' , are based on the approximate birth date of Jesus . Christian doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit , was born of a virgin named Mary , performed miracles , founded the Church , died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement , rose from the dead , and ascended into Heaven , whence he will return . Most Christians believe Jesus enables humans to be reconciled to God . The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection , an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology . The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son , the second of three persons of a Divine Trinity . A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism , wholly or partly , as non-scriptural . In Islam , Jesus ( commonly transliterated as ) is considered one of God 's important prophets and the Messiah . Muslims believe Jesus was a bringer of scripture and was born of a virgin but was not the Son of God . The Quran states that Jesus himself never claimed divinity . To most Muslims , Jesus was not crucified but was physically raised into Heaven by God . Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited Messiah , arguing that he did not fulfill Messianic prophecies and asserting that his resurrection is a Christian legend .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1907f7067433ca988e97e39d9afb1963", "text": "General judgment General judgment is the Christian theological concept of a judgment of the dead by nation and as a whole . It is related closely to Judgment Day and often is just another phrase for the Last Judgment or Final Judgement , but is not necessarily part of any eschatology . It is generally contrasted with a particular judgment right after death . The position is hinted at in several places in the Old Testament and in the New , and the Catholic Encyclopedia says ( here referring to the Last Judgment ) `` Few truths are more often or more clearly proclaimed in Scripture than that of the general judgment '' . When the individual dies , general judgment holds that the person 's final dispensation will await the general judgment of the dead at the end of the world , rather than be judged immediately . Additionally , `` general judgment '' may refer not only to the judging of each person , but also to the judgment of nations and peoples . The concept of Last Judgment is similar but unique . Various Last Judgment scenarios represent different forms of a general judgment , such as a global last judgment or a national last judgment . It is more concerned with the depictions and descriptions of particular versions . Jesus provided examples and illustrations of judgments against cities and generations . Jesus warned his contemporaries that the men of Nineveh , who repented at the preaching of Jonah , and the Queen of the South would testify against them in the judgment . In the context of dispatching emissaries , Jesus asked them to shake off the dust of cities that would not receive them . In the same speech , Jesus declared woes upon the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida declaring that the cities of Sodom , Tyre , and Sidon would have a more tolerable outcome in the judgement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e59358add4eadafbcd022ca62a65bb6", "text": "Herod Antipas Herod Antipater ( Ἡρῴδης Ἀντίπατρος , Hērǭdēs Antipatros ; born before 20 BC -- died after 39 AD ) , known by the nickname Antipas , was a 1st-century ruler of Galilee and Perea , who bore the title of tetrarch ( `` ruler of a quarter '' ) and is referred to as both `` Herod the Tetrarch '' and `` King Herod '' in the New Testament although he never held the title of king . He is best known today for accounts in the New Testament of his role in events that led to the executions of John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth . After being named to the throne by Augustus upon the death of his father , Herod the Great , in 4 BC , and subsequent ethnarch rule by his brother , Herod Archelaus , Antipas ruled Galilee and Perea as a client state of the Roman Empire . He was responsible for building projects at Sepphoris and Betharamphtha , and more important for the construction of his capital Tiberias on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee . Named in honor of his patron , the emperor Tiberius , the city later became a center of rabbinic learning . Antipas divorced his first wife Phasaelis , the daughter of King Aretas IV of Nabatea , in favour of Herodias , who had formerly been married to his half-brother Herod II . ( Antipas was Herod the Great 's son by Malthace , while Herod II was his son by Mariamne II . ) According to the New Testament Gospels , it was John the Baptist 's condemnation of this arrangement that led Antipas to have him arrested ; John was subsequently put to death in Machaerus . Besides provoking his conflict with the Baptiser , the tetrarch 's divorce added a personal grievance to previous disputes with Aretas over territory on the border of Perea and Nabatea . The result was a war that proved disastrous for Antipas ; a Roman counter-offensive was ordered by Tiberius , but abandoned upon that emperor 's death in 37 AD . In 39 AD Antipas was accused by his nephew Agrippa I of conspiracy against the new Roman emperor Caligula , who sent him into exile in Gaul . Accompanied there by Herodias , he died at an unknown date . The Gospel of Luke states that Jesus was first brought before Pontius Pilate for trial , since Pilate was the governor of Roman Judea , which encompassed Jerusalem where Jesus was arrested . Pilate initially handed him over to Antipas , in whose territory Jesus had been most active , but Antipas sent him back to Pilate 's court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "191740be43dfa508f38d9badc511b822", "text": "Members Church of God International Members Church of God International , abbreviated as MCGI , is an international Christian religious organization with headquarters in the Philippines . It started as a small group with less than a hundred believers in 1977 . It is popularly known in the Philippines as Ang Dating Daan ( English : The Old Path ; abbreviated as ADD ) , the title of its flagship radio and television program and currently the longest-running religious program in the Philippines with Brother Eliseo Soriano as its `` Overall Servant '' ( Former title : `` Presiding Minister '' ) . Members Church of God International believes that the Almighty God , the Father sent his begotten Son , Jesus Christ , instrumental in the establishment of the `` Church of God '' , first planted in Jerusalem and preached by the apostles . They believe that Gentile nations , including the Philippines , are partakers of the promise of eternal life , through belief in Jesus Christ and the gospel and are not authorized by God to establish their own church , but mere members associated with the same `` body '' or the church written in the gospel by accepting it and executing the doctrines written by the apostles . Guided by this scriptural principle , the church 's registered name contains descriptive words `` ang mga kaanib '' in Tagalog or `` members '' in English to emphasize the group 's association today , as `` members '' of the `` Church of God '' that is already established long time ago and was written in the Bible . On April 25 , 1980 , in compliance with government regulations , Eliseo Soriano registered the group with the Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) as Ang Mga Kaanib sa Iglesia ng Dios Kay Kristo Hesus , Haligi at Saligan ng Katotohan , sa Bansang Pilipinas ( English : Members of the Church of God in Christ Jesus , Pillar and Ground of Truth in the Philippines ) . In 2004 , its registered name was changed to `` Members Church of God International '' ( Tagalog : Mga Kaanib sa Iglesia ng Dios na Pandaigdig ) in line with the church 's overseas expansion . For them , the church 's primary objective , as commanded by Jesus Christ , is to propagate the gospel unto all nations until the consummation of the ages , convert sinners to believe and glorify God and to make them qualify for the eternal life in heaven . Currently , MCGI is present in six inhabited continents of the world with more than 1,360 established local congregations . Its flagship program Ang Dating Daan is being broadcast in more than 70 countries , in five languages over terrestrial television , radio , internet and carried by at least seven satellites across the globe . They believe in God the Father , Jesus Christ the Son , and the Holy Spirit but they adopt a nontrinitarianism orientation , rejecting the Trinitarian concept that there is `` one God in three co-equal persons '' , which for them is against the Bible . They believe that the Father is greater than all , greater than Jesus Christ as declared by Christ himself . They do not observe customs and traditions which they consider to have pagan origins incompatible with Christianity . MCGI members prefer themselves to be called and identified as plain `` Christians '' . MCGI is not related to the many Church of God groups that descended from the Barney Creek Meeting House revival of the late 19th century in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e4447a7688b707b4632d52ea5e17a64", "text": "Roman Catholic devotions to Jesus Christ The Roman Catholic tradition includes a number of devotions to Jesus Christ . Like all Catholic devotions , these prayer forms are not part of the official public liturgy of the Church but are based on the popular spiritual practices of Roman Catholics . Many are officially approved by the Holy See as suitable for spiritual growth but not necessary for salvation . Some devotions arise from private revelations , or personal religious experiences of saints . The Church has a tradition of thorough investigation of such private revelations and the lives of candidates for sainthood to assure that no natural or scientific explanation can , at the time of investigation , account for any miracles involved . Often an approved devotion of the Church relates to a particular prayer form , or an image .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7f4d65844e93556dac8cfc84bc88030", "text": "Persecution of Christians in the New Testament The persecution of Christians in the New Testament is an important part of the Early Christian narrative which depicts the early Church as being persecuted for their heterodox beliefs by a Jewish establishment in what was then Roman occupied Iudaea province . The New Testament , especially the Gospel of John ( c. 90 -- 100 AD ) , has traditionally been interpreted as relating Christian accounts of the Pharisee rejection of Jesus and accusations of the Pharisee responsibility for his crucifixion . The Acts of the Apostles depicts instances of early Christian persecution by the Sanhedrin , the Jewish religious court at the time . However , the historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles is disputed . Walter Laqueur argues that hostility between Christians and Jews grew over the generations . By the 4th century , John Chrysostom was arguing that the Pharisees alone , not the Romans , were responsible for the murder of Christ . However , according to Laqueur : `` Absolving Pilate from guilt may have been connected with the missionary activities of early Christianity in Rome and the desire not to antagonize those they want to convert . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6ee85fb880af06f07b732e3523946b2", "text": "Jesus bloodline The Jesus bloodline is a hypothetical sequence of lineal descendants of the historical Jesus , often by Mary Magdalene , usually portrayed as his wife . Differing and contradictory versions of a Jesus bloodline hypothesis have been proposed in numerous books by authors such as Louis Martin ( 1886 ) , Donovan Joyce ( 1973 ) , Andreas Faber-Kaiser ( 1977 ) , Barbara Thiering ( 1992 ) , Margaret Starbird ( 1993 ) , and various websites . Dan Brown 's novel The Da Vinci Code used the premise for its plot line . The 2007 documentary The Lost Tomb of Jesus proposed that evidence existed to show that Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene and that their son was named Judah , based upon inscriptions found on ossuaries discovered in Jerusalem in 1980 . Biblical scholar and author James Tabor has recently affirmed his belief in a married Jesus , while Karen King announced the discovery of text in a Coptic papyrus fragment , alleged to be a translation of a lost 2nd century Gospel , in which Jesus is made to refer to `` my wife '' . That fragment is now considered by most experts to be a fake . Hypothetical Jesus bloodlines should not be confused with the biblical genealogy of Jesus or the historical relatives of Jesus and their descendants , who are known as the Desposyni .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65fae92e4831bac5284613107c1e84f1", "text": "Jesus in Indien Jesus in Indien . Das Ende einer Legende is a 1985 book by the German indologist Günter Grönbold investigating the Islamic , Christian and Buddhist source material used by the Ahmaddiya muslim founder Ghulam Ahmad in his book Jesus in India . The book is Grönbold 's best known book among the general public in Germany , and is the most cited scholarly text about the sources of Ahmad 's interpretation and the Roza Bal shrine among subsequent academic and popular writing . Following consideration of the original context and history of the literary sources cited by Ahmad and later Ahmaddiya supporters of the theory that Jesus of Nazareth survived the crucifixion and made a journey to India and was buried in Srinagar Kashmir , Grönbold concludes that Ahmad misidentified material about the putative Christian saint `` Yuzafa '' from the Barlaam and Josaphat traditions telling a Christianized version of the life of Siddhartha Gautama , as being material concerning Jesus of Nazareth . Grönbold 's work was revisited , cited and developed by Norbert Klatt ( 1988 ) and Mark Bothe ( 2009 , 2013 ) . Bothe regarded Grönbold as the first and only scholar in the area to have developed a history of the origination of the various `` Jesus in India '' legends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc1f91ef58f944c2bdd6b735c0967701", "text": "The Day of the Lord This is about the eschatological term ; see Lord 's Day for the Christian term for `` Sunday '' . `` The Day of the Lord '' is a biblical term and theme used in both the Hebrew Bible ( Old Testament ; -LSB- יֹום YHWH , יְהוָה -RSB- ) and the New Testament ( -LSB- ἡμέρα Lord #Religion , κυρίου -RSB- ) , as in `` The sun shall be turned into darkness , and the moon into blood , before the great and the terrible day of the come '' ( Joel 2:31 , cited in Acts 2:20 ) . In the Hebrew bible , the meaning of the phrases refers to temporal events such as the invasion of a foreign army , the capture of a city and the suffering that befalls the inhabitants . This appears much in the second chapter of Isaiah . In the New Testament , the `` day of the Lord '' may also refer to the writer 's own times , or it may refer to predicted events in a later age of earth 's history including the final judgment and the World to Come . The expression may also have an extended meaning in referring to both the first and second comings of Jesus Christ .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c269e11c405d375f6050142d73f98c0a", "text": "Religious persecution in the Roman Empire As the Roman Republic , and later the Roman Empire , expanded , it came to include people from a variety of cultures , and religions . The worship of an ever increasing number of deities was tolerated and accepted . The government , and the Romans in general , tended to be tolerant towards most religions and cults . Some religions were banned for political reasons rather than dogmatic zeal , and other rites which involved human sacrifice were banned . In the Christian era , when Christianity became the state church of the Roman Empire , the Church came to accept it was the Emperor 's duty to use secular power to enforce religious unity . Anyone within the church who did not subscribe to Catholic Christianity was seen as a threat to the dominance and purity of the `` one true faith '' and they saw it as their right to defend this by all means at their disposal . This led to persecution of pagans by the Christian authorities and populace after its institution as the state religion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "539001252951be8b349404b32b34a614", "text": "Great Gospel of John The Great Gospel of John ( in the original German published as Das große Evangelium Johannis or Großes Evangelium Johannes ) is a neo-revelationist text by Jakob Lorber , extending to about 5,500 pages in print , published in ten volumes . It is the major work of Lorber 's `` New Revelation '' based on interior locution . It was written in Austria , in the town Graz , from August 1851 until July 1864 . Leopold Engel in 1891 wrote an addendum in an `` 11th volume '' , purportedly also based on interior locution . Supporters of the authenticity of Lorber 's revelation are divided as to the authenticity of Engel 's . The Great Gospel is a detailed first-person narrative of Jesus ' last three years of ministry on Earth . It is a day by day account of his miracles , healings , and conversations . It is built on the same structure of the original Gospel of John . Love and works of love are emphasised . Whereas some of the chapters in the biblical book of John are not covered at all , other sections are added and in much detail . Pharisees are for example revealed to be extremely dangerous , continually plotting against Jesus even though he often forgave them ; at one point , a Pharisaical plot to steal from the Romans is revealed , and at their trial Jesus , whose reputation for keen wisdom is known to the Romans by this time , is consulted . The Roman centurion is willing to execute the Pharisees because of their attempt to bribe him , yet Jesus says to let them go , after dividing their plunder : one third to Rome , one-third to the centurion 's local needs , and one-third to the poor people of the nearby communities , some of whose children had been kidnapped by the Pharisees , to be sold as slaves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f532a8dd993fb03f77f9aa4bf9fb4281", "text": "Josephus on Jesus The extant manuscripts of the writings of the 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian Flavius Josephus include references to Jesus and the origins of Christianity . Josephus ' Antiquities of the Jews , written around 93 -- 94 AD , includes two references to the biblical Jesus Christ in Books 18 and 20 and a reference to John the Baptist in Book 18 . Scholarly opinion varies on the total or partial authenticity of the reference in Book 18 , Chapter 3 , 3 of the Antiquities , a passage that states that Jesus the Messiah was a wise teacher who was crucified by Pilate , usually called the Testimonium Flavianum . The general scholarly view is that while the Testimonium Flavianum is most likely not authentic in its entirety , it is broadly agreed upon that it originally consisted of an authentic nucleus , which was then subject to Christian expansion/alteration . Although the exact nature and extent of the Christian redaction remains unclear , there is broad consensus as to what the original text of the Testimonium by Josephus would have looked like . Modern scholarship has largely acknowledged the authenticity of the reference in Book 20 , Chapter 9 , 1 of the Antiquities to `` the brother of Jesus , who was called Christ , whose name was James '' and considers it as having the highest level of authenticity among the references of Josephus to Christianity . Almost all modern scholars consider the reference in Book 18 , Chapter 5 , 2 of the Antiquities to the imprisonment and death of John the Baptist also to be authentic and not a Christian interpolation . The references found in Antiquities have no parallel texts in the other work by Josephus such as the Jewish War , written 20 years earlier , but some scholars have provided explanations for their absence . A number of variations exist between the statements by Josephus regarding the deaths of James and John the Baptist and the New Testament accounts . Scholars generally view these variations as indications that the Josephus passages are not interpolations , for a Christian interpolator would have made them correspond to the New Testament accounts , not differ from them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42d0d8718dd6994fd148ac556b9a43d9", "text": "Matthew 7:29 Matthew 7:29 is the twenty-ninth , and final , verse of the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament . It ends a two verse conclusion following the Sermon on the Mount . In the Westcott-Hort edition of the original Greek , this verse reads : ην γαρ διδασκων αυτους ως εξουσιαν εχων και ουχ ως οι γραμματεις αυτων In the King James Version of the Bible , the text reads : For he taught them as one having authority , and not as the scribes . The English Standard Version translates the passage as : for he was teaching them as one who had authority , and not as their scribes . In the previous verse , the crowd of onlookers were described as astonished at Jesus ' sayings ( τους λογους τουτους , tous logous toutous ) which complete Matthew 's narrative known as the `` Sermon on the Mount '' , and this verse explains why . The final phrase is a verbatim copy of , set in a very different context . Mark 's Gospel simply asserts Jesus ' authority ; Matthew uses it as a concluding argument after presenting the Sermon on the Mount as evidence . In some translations this verse refers to their scribes . Ulrich Luz suggests that this is a clear indicator that Jesus ' followers saw themselves as separate from the mainstream Jewish community at the time this gospel was written . Scribes refers to the trained rabbis who would quote scribal authorities , and makes clear that Jesus is greater than the most important rabbi . A sermon by the rabbis would have been replete with references to scripture to validate each teaching . The contrast presented by Matthew is that Jesus speaks based on his own authority , not that of past figures . A few authorities add '' ... and the Pharisees '' ( e.g. Wycliffe 's Bible , the Vulgate Latin , the Syriac , the Persic versions , and the Hebrew edition of Matthew by Munster ) . The Pulpit Commentary suggests that this `` may either be derived from or be an independent gloss due to the fact that the Pharisees were looked upon as the typical Jewish teachers '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e379fe3eebff5f5947d259a1b3b86b9d", "text": "Nazarene (sect) The Nazarenes originated as a sect of first-century Judaism . The first use of the term `` sect of the Nazarenes '' is in the Book of Acts in the New Testament , where Paul is accused of being a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes . Then , the term simply designated followers of `` Yeshua Natzri '' ( Jesus the Nazarene ) , as the Hebrew term נוֹצְרִי still does , but in the first to fourth centuries , the term was used for a sect of followers of Jesus who were closer to Judaism than most Christians . They are described by Epiphanius of Salamis and are mentioned later by Jerome and Augustine of Hippo . The writers made a distinction between the Nazarenes of their time and the `` Nazarenes '' mentioned in Acts 24:5 , where Paul the Apostle is accused before Felix at Caesarea ( the capital of Roman Judaea ) by Tertullus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5953cf42041c92934e6a594a186f67b", "text": "Patriarchate A patriarchate is the office or jurisdiction of an ecclesiastical patriarch . A patriarch , as the term is used here , is either , One of the five leaders of the Pentarchy , the highest-ranking bishops in the Christian Church prior to the Great Schism , who were the bishops of Rome , Constantinople , Alexandria , Antioch , and Jerusalem ; or One of the nine leading bishops of the Eastern Orthodox Church in the present day , including the patriarchs of Constantinople , Alexandria , Antioch and Jerusalem mentioned above , and also the five more recently established patriarchs of ( in chronological order of establishment ) Bulgaria , Georgia , Serbia , Moscow and Romania ; or One of ten high-ranking bishops of the Roman Catholic Church : seven `` patriarchs of the east '' ( six who are heads of Eastern Catholic Churches and the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem ) , plus the patriarchs of Lisbon , Venice and the East Indies ; or One of the several leading bishops holding the title of patriarch in Oriental Orthodoxy and the Church of the East . The five patriarchs of the Pentarchy sat in Rome , Constantinople ( now Istanbul ) , Alexandria , Antioch , and Jerusalem . The East-West Schism of 1054 split the Latin-speaking see of Rome from the four Greek-speaking patriarchates , forming distinct Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches . The Eastern Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch moved to Damascus in the 13th century , during the reign of the Egyptian Mamelukes , conquerors of Syria . In Damascus a Christian community had flourished since apostolic times ( Acts 9 ) . However , the patriarchate is still called the Patriarchate of Antioch . Damascus is the seat also of the Syrian Catholic and the Melkite Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch , while the Maronite Catholic of Antioch lives in Bkerké , Lebanon . The four early Orthodox ( Greek ) patriarchates of the East , Constantinople , Alexandria , Antioch and Jerusalem , along with their Latin Catholic counterpart in the West , Rome , are distinguished as `` senior '' ( Greek : πρεσβυγενή , presbygenē , `` senior-born '' ) or `` ancient '' ( παλαίφατα , palèphata , `` of ancient fame '' ) and are among the apostolic sees , having had one of the Apostles or Evangelists as their first bishop : Andrew , Mark , Peter , James , and Peter again , respectively . In the Roman Catholic Church , some patriarchal titles are purely honorary , without an actual residential see , and hence termed Titular Patriarch ( ate ) s , either vested in another ( residential ) patriarchal see or in the Pope 's gift . A patriarchate has `` legal personality '' in some legal jurisdictions , that means it is treated as a corporation . For example , the Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem filed a lawsuit in New York , decided in 1999 , against Christie 's Auction House , disputing the ownership of the Archimedes Palimpsest . The head of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church is also called a Patriarch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb7c1aefcfec0198a71cb53a1abec7da", "text": "Saint Joseph's dreams Saint Joseph 's dreams are four dreams described in the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament in which Joseph , the legal father of Jesus , is visited by an angel of the Lord and receives specific instructions and warnings of impending danger . All four dreams come from the period around the Nativity of Jesus and his early life , from betwwen Mary 's pregnancy and the return from the Flight to Egypt . They are often distinguished by numbers as `` Joseph 's first dream '' and so on . The dreams have been fairly frequently depicted in art , though they have never been among the most common subjects from the Life of Jesus in art or the Life of the Virgin . The second dream is most often depicted , and if there is no other indication it can be assumed that is the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a49f060cc56a5e297b74820594669f8a", "text": "Great Church The term `` Great Church '' ( Latin ecclesia magna ) is a concept in the historiography of early Christianity describing the rapid growth and structural development of the Church in 180-313 AD ( around the time of the Ante-Nicene Period ) and its claim to represent Christianity universally within the Roman Empire . The term is primarily associated with the Roman Catholic account of the history of Christian theology , but is also used by non-Catholic historians . In modern Catholic usage , the `` Great Church '' broadly means the majority united Catholic and Orthodox Christian church in the West continuing in authority from the Twelve Apostles to today , and all bishops who remained in fellowship with the Bishop of Rome . The `` epoch of the Great Church '' is counted as beginning around the end of the 2nd century when , despite the persecution of Christians , the religion became established numerically and organizationally , eventually becoming the State church of the Roman Empire in 380 . However , at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 , an Oriental Orthodox branch parted ways with the Great Church due to Christological differences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "152136d8e6407f21fe77159d1153a9b3", "text": "Jewish Christian Jewish Christians , also Hebrew Christians or Judeo-Christians , were the original members of the Jewish movement that later became Christianity . In the earliest stage the community was made up of all those Jews who accepted Jesus as a venerable person or the Messiah ( Christ ) . As Christianity grew and developed , Jewish Christians became only one strand of the early Christian community , characterised by combining the confession of Jesus as Christ with continued adherence to Jewish traditions such as Sabbath observance , observance of the Jewish calendar , observance of Jewish laws and customs , circumcision , and synagogue attendance , and by a direct genetic relationship to the earliest Jewish Christians . The term `` Jewish Christian '' appears in historical texts contrasting Christians of Jewish origin with Gentile Christians , both in discussion of the New Testament church and the second and following centuries . It is also a term used for Jews who converted to Christianity but kept their Jewish heritage and traditions . 1st century `` Jewish Christians '' were totally faithful religious Jews . They differed from other contemporary Jews only in their acceptance of Jesus as the Messiah . Those that taught that Gentile converts to Christianity ought to adopt more Jewish practices than the Church had already included , however , were called `` Judaizers '' . Though the Apostle Peter was initially sympathetic , the Apostle Paul opposed the teaching at the Incident at Antioch and at the Council of Jerusalem , where Paul 's teaching was accepted by the whole Church . Nevertheless , Judaizing continued for several centuries , particularly among Jewish Christians . As Christianity grew throughout the Gentile world , Christians diverged from their Jewish and Jerusalem roots . Jewish Christianity , initially strengthened despite persecution by Jerusalem Temple officials , fell into decline during the Jewish-Roman wars ( 66-135 ) and the growing anti-Judaism perhaps best personified by Marcion ( c. 150 ) . With persecution by the orthodox Christians from the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine in the 4th century , Jewish Christians sought refuge outside the boundaries of the Empire , in Arabia and further afield . Within the Empire and later elsewhere it was dominated by the Gentile based Christianity which became the State church of the Roman Empire and which took control of sites in the Holy Land such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Cenacle and appointed subsequent Bishops of Jerusalem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb48d25cb72012d6067cf93c010627e", "text": "Mary in Islam Mary ( -LSB- مريم , translit = Maryam -RSB- ) , the mother of Jesus ( Isa ) , holds a singularly exalted place in Islam as the only woman named in the Qur ' an , which refers to her seventy times and explicitly identifies her as the greatest of all women , stating , with reference to the angelic saluation during the annunciation , `` O Mary , God has chosen you , and purified you ; He has chosen you above all the women of creation . '' In the Quran , her story is related in three Meccan chapters ( 19 , 21 , 23 ) and four Medinan chapters ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 66 ) , and the nineteenth chapter of the scripture , the Chapter of Mary ( Surat Maryam ) , is named after her . The Quran refers to Mary more than the entire New Testament . According to the Qur ' an , divine grace surrounded Mary from birth , and , as a young woman , she received a message from God through the archangel Gabriel that God had chosen her , purified her , and had preferred her above all `` the women of the worlds . '' This event , according to the same narrative , was followed by the annunciation of a child who was to be miraculously conceived by her through the intervention of the divine spirit while she was still virgin , whose name would be Jesus and who would be the `` anointed one , '' the Promised Messiah . As such , orthodox Islamic belief `` has upheld the tenet of the virgin birth of Jesus , '' and although the classical Islamic thinkers never dwelt on the question of the perpetual virginity of Mary at any great length , it was generally agreed in traditional Islam that Mary remained virgin through the entirety of her life , with the Qur ' an 's mention of Mary 's purification `` from the touch of men '' implying perpetual virginity in the minds of many of the most prominent Islamic fathers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "951700a42c6d2ce53ec46b62765708e2", "text": "Two by Twos Two by Twos is one of the names used to denote an international , home-based church that has its origins in Ireland at the end of the 19th century . Among members , the church is typically referred to as `` The Truth '' or `` The Way '' . Those outside the church refer to it as `` Two by Twos '' , `` No-name Church '' , `` Cooneyites '' , `` Workers and Friends '' or `` Christians Anonymous . '' Church ministers are itinerant and work in groups of two , hence the name `` Two by Twos '' . The church 's registered names include `` Christian Conventions '' in the United States , `` Assemblies of Christians '' in Canada , `` The Testimony of Jesus '' in the United Kingdom , `` Kristna I Sverige '' in Sweden , and `` United Christian Conventions '' in Australia . These organization names are used only for registration purposes and are not used by members . The church was founded in 1897 in Ireland by William Irvine , an evangelist with the interdenominational Faith Mission . Irvine began independently preaching a return to the method of itinerant ministry he claimed was set forth in the 10th chapter of Matthew . Church growth was rapid , spreading outside Ireland . Irvine eventually began preaching a new order in which the hierarchy that had developed within the church would have no placement . This teaching became controversial within the church and led to his expulsion by church overseers around 1914 . One of the church 's most prominent evangelists , Edward Cooney , was expelled a decade after Irvine . The church then became much less visible to outsiders for the next half-century . Publication of several articles and books , increased news coverage , and the appearance of the Internet have since opened the church to wider scrutiny . The church does not explicitly publish any doctrinal statements , claiming these must be orally imparted by its ministers , referred to as `` workers '' . Doctrine of the church teaches that salvation is available only by accepting the preaching of its homeless , penniless ministry workers and by attending the group 's home meetings . The orthodox Christian Trinitarian doctrine is rejected , and members are told to deny any church name . Baptism by immersion as performed by one of the church 's workers is required for full participation . Some in the church claim it is a direct continuation of the 1st-century Christian church , although some believe that a restoration of some sort may have occurred in the late 19th century . Members hold regular weekly worship gatherings in local homes on Sunday and in the middle of the week . The church holds annual regional conventions and public Gospel meetings . The church claims no official headquarters or official publications . Its hymnbook and various other materials for internal use are produced by outside publishers and printing firms . Printed invitations and advertisements for its open gospel meetings are the only written materials which those outside the church are likely to encounter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e291a5443ae18df20040b443bc78ee", "text": "Johannine Christianity Johannine Christianity refers to an ancient Christian community of uncertain existence , which placed great emphasis on the teachings of Jesus , particularly as revealed through the Gospel of John . Starting as a community of early followers of Jesus who `` defined themselves rather starkly against the Jewish milieu in which they arose , these believers cultivated an intense devotion to Jesus as the definitive revelation of God 's salvific will . They understood themselves to be in intimate contact with him and with one another , under the guidance of the Spirit-Paraclete . They were conscious of their relationship to other believers with whom they hoped to be in eventual union . Their piety found distinctive expression in a reflective literary corpus that explored new ways of expressing faith in Jesus . '' ( Attridge 2006 ) `` Their common life included ritual actions known to other followers of Jesus , but they insisted on the unique spiritual value of those rites . Disputes eventually divided the community . By the middle of the second century some representatives of the Johannine tradition achieved a respected role in the emerging ` great church ' , the interconnected web of believers throughout the Mediterranean that provided mutual support and maintained fellowship under the leadership of emerging episcopal authorities . The Johannine community of the first century bequeathed to the universal church its distinctive literary corpus and estimation of Jesus , which came to dominate the development of later Christian orthodoxy . Other representatives of Johannine Christianity , nurturing alternative strands of tradition , influenced various second-century movements , characterized by their opponents and much modern scholarship as ` Gnostic ' . '' ( Attridge 2006 )", "title": "" } ]	fever
bace21a8843c4ba4a5288fbef2165c62	Frank Ocean released albums.	[ { "docid": "4f65f6965e0006826862fa31ea3143d5", "text": "Frank Ocean Christopher Francis `` Frank '' Ocean ( born Christopher Edwin Breaux ; October 28 , 1987 ) , is an American singer , songwriter , and rapper . Known for his idiosyncratic musical style , Ocean first embarked on a career as a ghostwriter , and in 2010 he became a member of hip hop collective Odd Future . He released his breakout mixtape , Nostalgia , Ultra , to critical acclaim in 2011 . It generated his first charting single `` Novacane '' . In 2012 , Ocean finished in second place in BBC 's Sound of 2012 poll . His debut studio album , Channel Orange , was released in July 2012 to critical acclaim and reached No. 2 on the Billboard 200 . It was promoted with three singles : `` Thinkin Bout You '' , `` Pyramids '' and `` Sweet Life '' . In 2016 , Ocean released the visual album Endless alongside his second studio album Blonde , following several years of delays . Blonde was acclaimed by critics , and debuted at number one in the United States and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ba62029df6761b99d7805ebafb6cedf8", "text": "Cycles (Frank Sinatra album) Cycles is a studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra , released in 1968 . Released just before Christmas in 1968 , there was a ten-month gap between this album and the release of Francis A. & Edward K. , which was the longest period in Sinatra 's Reprise years in which he did not commercially record music ( barring his contributions to The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas ) . Sinatra sang a variety of folk-rock oriented songs , including Judy Collins ' `` Both Sides Now '' ( written by Joni Mitchell ) and the Glen Campbell hits `` Gentle on My Mind '' ( written by John Hartford ) and `` By the Time I Get to Phoenix '' ( written by Jimmy Webb ) . The title song was released as a single , reaching # 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 2 on the Easy Listening chart , while the album peaked at # 18 on the Billboard 200 chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9c773ca740c07ecb40941db8c377e26", "text": "Ocean Beach (album) Ocean Beach is the fourth studio album by Red House Painters , released in 1995 by 4AD . The album saw the group and Mark Kozelek move toward a more pastoral and folk-influenced arrangement style , in contrast to the lengthy , droning epics that featured on their early albums . Ocean Beach was also the last album to feature founding guitarist Gorden Mack , as well as being the band 's last studio album released by 4AD . The album features an unlisted hidden track , referred to as `` Brockwell Park ( Part 2 ) '' less than 20 seconds after `` Drop '' ends . The double 10 '' vinyl release of the album ( now long out of print ) features the band 's acoustic cover of Yes ' 1971 hit `` Long Distance Runaround . '' Kozelek would go on to record another version of the song ( with electric guitars and an extended outro ) for Red House Painters ' next album , Songs for a Blue Guitar . A rarely seen music video was produced for the song `` Summer Dress . '' An original idea for the album 's front cover artwork was a photo of what could be broken pews in an abandoned church , or old beds in an abandoned hospital ward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "502bb104646d183884d169905b0a2a48", "text": "Ozzy Osbourne discography The solo discography of Ozzy Osbourne , an English heavy metal singer , currently consists of eleven studio albums , four live albums , six compilation albums , three extended plays ( EPs ) , eight video albums , and thirty-three singles . As a solo artist , Ozzy Osbourne has sold over 55 million albums worldwide , and over 100 million worldwide when including his work with Black Sabbath .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "960406d1d776167070ef62a0a3cc3170", "text": "Hold on Love Hold On Love is an album released by the band Azure Ray . It was released October 7 , 2003 on Saddle Creek Records . This album is the 54th release of Saddle Creek Records . The song `` Across the Ocean '' was featured in the Korean drama Coffee Prince .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da24d3de4bb642aa6bbad250c789519e", "text": "South Pacific (soundtrack) The Original Soundtrack to the film South Pacific was released in 1958 . The film was based on the musical South Pacific by Rodgers and Hammerstein , which had been first staged nine years earlier . The composers had much say in this recording , with many of the songs performed by accomplished singers rather than the actors in the film . Mitzi Gaynor and Ray Walston were the only two leading performers who did their own singing in the film ( and on the soundtrack album ) . The roles of Emile DeBecque , Bloody Mary and Joe Cable were sung by Giorgio Tozzi , Muriel Smith and Bill Lee , respectively . The album became a major success , reaching No. 1 in both the US and UK . In the US , the album stayed at No. 1 for seven months - the fourth longest run ever . In the UK , the album remained in the top five for 27 consecutive weeks before reaching No. 1 in November 1958 . It stayed at the top for a record-breaking 115 weeks ( the first 70 of these consecutively - including the whole year of 1959 ) , and remained in the top five for 214 weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b0476b5c988e7f4491e5e5756b5173a", "text": "Blue Pacific (album) Blue Pacific is a smooth vocal jazz album by American singer-songwriter and musician Michael Franks , released in 1990 with Reprise . It was Franks ' eleventh studio album after The Camera Never Lies in 1987 and prior to Dragonfly Summer in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81d7945d9f7aabafe3838faa4ebad172", "text": "Ocean over head Ocean Over Head are a 3-piece Irish punk rock band from Limerick city , Ireland . Starting in 2006 , Ocean Over Head have already made an impact on their local scene and the surrounding areas playing with bands like Scuba Dice , Little Nightmare , Fox Jaw Bounty Hunters , The Sick Dastardlys , and American Hardcore Legends Gang Green with friends The Demise . Winners of The 2008 `` Garageland ' band competition in the ` Best Song ' category with their song ` If It Aint Broke , Do n't Crucifix It ' , But unfortunately were runner up in the ` Best Band ' category , just losing out in 3rd place to friends Jesus In A Can and Zounds ! . In August 2008 , They were asked by ` Blastspace : LA or Busk ' to play as Special Guests in the Limerick heat in local venue Dolans Warehouse . Acts that played were Hogan & Mr Lightweight Their Debut EP ` The City Belongs To Me Again ... ' was recorded by Owen Lewis ( Flogging Molly , REM , Snow Patrol ) and is due for release in Summer 09 . Watch out for the debut single ` If It Aint Broke , Do n't Crucifix It ' which will be available for digital download in September 2009", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26141ad599e94686e3b34bdce4e68a9c", "text": "For You (Frankmusik album) For You is the fifth studio album by English recording artist Frankmusik . The album was released digitally on 9 October 2015 and streamed via Spotify", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdf5be319f50a4ec092d21697bd877db", "text": "Red Sea (Augustus Pablo album) Red Sea is a studio album by Augustus Pablo released in 1998 , containing material recorded between 1970 and 1973 and was produced by Herman Chin Loy . The music on the album is among the earliest instances of Pablo 's revolutionary use of the melodica as a viable musical instrument . Chin Loy is often credited as being an influential figure in the discovery and nurturing of Pablo 's talent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a2efdd8ff39510021da361c6c0757d", "text": "Horizon Records Horizon Records was an American independent record label founded in 1960 by Dave Hubert . Horizon was originally a folk and blues label distributed by World Pacific Records . When Vee-Jay Records acquired World Pacific in 1963 , it also took over the distribution of Horizon . From 1974 -- 1978 the label became a subsidiary imprint of A&M Records for issuing jazz . During this period , the label was known for producing albums with high-quality audio and packaging . The catalogue includes albums by Dave Brubeck , Ornette Coleman , Paul Desmond , Charlie Haden , and Jim Hall . John Snyder , the founder of the label , left in 1977 and started Artists House . In 1979 Horizon struck gold with debut albums by Brenda Russell and the Yellow Magic Orchestra . By 1980 , the label disappeared . In 1984 , A&M went into a deal with Word Distribution , giving more powerful distribution for Word 's labels , such as Myrrh Records , Word Records , and Exit Records . Horizon was reactivated with its 1979 artwork intact as a Christian label , with the Imperials , while Myrrh artist Amy Grant signed to A&M . By 1987 , Horizon had disappeared a second time . Horizon 's jazz catalogue is now managed by Verve Records . A different label for Christian and gospel music was launched in 1992 with releases by the Kingsmen Quartet and the McKameys by Crossroads Music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e7b6b3d9858a19d4df990d12884daad", "text": "Ocean Pie `` Ocean Pie '' is the fourth single release from britpop band Shed Seven 's debut album , Change Giver . The single was released in October 1994 and peaked at number 33 on the UK Singles Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1b0a76ec21217f565960e0300da3e2c", "text": "Natural Selection (Frank Gambale album) Natural Selection is the eleventh studio album by guitarist Frank Gambale , released in 2011 through Wombat Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f95655d5e772b2e9ed18d8d3e3deedba", "text": "The Ocean Blue (album) The Ocean Blue is the eponymous debut album by American band The Ocean Blue , released in 1989 by record labels Sire and Reprise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac251df10927ba3566175190ca113b2e", "text": "The Capitol Years (1990 Frank Sinatra album) The Capitol Years is a 1990 compilation album of the U.S. singer Frank Sinatra . Released to coincide with Sinatra 's 75th birthday , this three-disc set has an abundance of classic Sinatra performances from his career with Capitol Records , which spanned the years 1953 to 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e40bda1a328c78c6ad9e0efe6a7e0b80", "text": "King Kong: Jean-Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa King Kong : Jean-Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa ( or simply King Kong ) is an album by French jazz fusion artist Jean-Luc Ponty first released in 1970 on Liberty Records ' World Pacific Records subsidiary label and later released on Blue Note . The album contains numerous selections Zappa had previously recorded either with the Mothers of Invention or under his own name , including : `` King Kong '' , originally included on the Mothers ' 1969 album Uncle Meat `` Idiot Bastard Son '' , from the Mothers ' 1968 album We 're Only in It for the Money `` Twenty Small Cigars '' , from Zappa 's 1970 album Chunga 's Revenge `` America Drinks and Goes Home '' , from the Mothers ' 1967 album Absolutely Free In addition , the track `` Music For Electric Violin And Low Budget Orchestra '' includes the themes from `` Duke of Prunes '' , from Absolutely Free , and `` Pound for a Brown '' , from Uncle Meat . Zappa excised those themes , and everything that followed them , when he later recorded the piece himself under the title `` Revised Music For Guitar And Low-Budget Orchestra '' , which was first released on his 1978 album Studio Tan . George Duke , who would eventually join Zappa and Ponty in the Mothers , is featured on piano on all tracks . Ernie Watts is featured on alto and/or tenor saxophone on tracks 2 , 3 , 4 , and 6 . Zappa himself plays guitar on track 4 , and Mothers members Ian Underwood ( tenor sax ) and Art Tripp ( drums ) contribute on track 1 , 5 , and 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2907b3a379388ebafdd675088cd625c", "text": "Surfin' M.O.D. Surfin ' M.O.D. is an EP from American crossover thrash band , M.O.D. . It was released in 1988 on Megaforce Records and follows 1987 's debut album , U.S.A. for M.O.D. . In 1989 , the band subsequently released Gross Misconduct , their second full length-studio album . Apart from Billy Milano , it featured a completely different line-up compared to the first album released a little more than a year previous -- it included among others , Tim Mallare on drums , who later went on to play with the thrash metal band Overkill . This release has two parts : - `` The Movie '' ( track 1 ) which is a spoken word story featuring actual songs in between the dialogue for a fake movie . - `` The Sound Track Without The Movie '' ( tracks 2-8 ) . It is the actual music from the movie separated into tracks and without all the dialogue . The CD lists the following erroneous track list on the cover : Surfin ' U.S.A. Surf 's Up Sargent Drexell Theme Mr. Oofus Party Animal Color My World Shout This track list is in fact incorrect , as `` The Movie '' is track one , `` Sargent Drexell Theme '' is only included as part of track one , and there is an unlisted CD-bonus track ( `` New Song '' ) as track eight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2bb92e2dd2df3af9c075a90fe91f444", "text": "Effloresce (album) Effloresce is the debut album by British progressive rock band Oceansize . It was released on 29 September 2003 . The record garnered considerable praise from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce8b0fd54be06a8b2fd0a5ecab2529a9", "text": "The Tide (Oceana album) The Tide is the debut album from post-hardcore band Oceana . It was released through Rise Records on March 4 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a17869b285cdef96430fdd3afb86011", "text": "Pipeline Under the Ocean (album) Pipeline Under the Ocean is the second studio album by the New Zealand rock band Pluto , released on 7 February 2005 . A second version was released in late 2005 with the video clips for the songs `` Radio Crimes '' , `` Long White Cross '' and `` Dance Stamina '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ab1a83ce95334afe891618c146f13f4", "text": "Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection The Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection is a 2004 Christmas album from Frank Sinatra . The selection of tracks on the album spans Sinatra 's career from 1957 to 1991 and includes four previously unavailable tracks -- two previously unreleased on CD and two previously unreleased in any format -- the latter the last Christmas carol Sinatra recorded .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f45b3976a8f13c6c9a8118df56ea9715	Anaheim, California is the 10th most populous city in Virginia.	[ { "docid": "28011f3236cfd6201c52d53345eaf2e1", "text": "Anaheim, California Anaheim ( pronounced -LSB- ˈænəhaɪm -RSB- ) is a city in Orange County , California , part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city had a population of 336,265 , making it the most populous city in Orange County and the 10th most populous city in California . Anaheim is the second largest city in Orange County in terms of land area ( after Irvine ) and is known for its theme parks , the Anaheim Convention Center , and its two major sports teams : the Anaheim Ducks ice hockey club and the Angels baseball team . Anaheim was founded by fifty German families in 1857 and incorporated as the second city in Los Angeles County on March 18 , 1876 ; Orange County would later be split off from Los Angeles County in 1889 . Anaheim remained largely a rural community until Disneyland opened in the city in 1955 . This led to the construction of several hotels and motels around the area , and residential districts in Anaheim soon followed . The city also developed into an industrial center , producing electronics , aircraft parts and canned fruit . Anaheim 's city limits extend from Cypress in the west to the Riverside County line in the east and encompass a diverse collection of neighborhoods and communities . Anaheim Hills is a master-planned community located in the city 's eastern stretches that is home to many of the city 's affluent . Downtown Anaheim has three mixed-use historic districts , the largest of which is the Anaheim Colony . The Anaheim Resort , a commercial district , includes Disneyland , Disney California Adventure , and numerous hotels and retail complexes . The Platinum Triangle , a neo-urban redevelopment district surrounding Angel Stadium , is planned to be populated with mixed-use streets and high-rises . Anaheim Canyon is an industrial district north of California State Route 91 and east of California State Route 57 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa45b27c3ee106dd79e1c7f55736ffef", "text": "Orange County, California Orange County is a county in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 3,010,232 making it the third-most populous county in California , the sixth-most populous in the United States , and more populous than twenty-one U.S. states . Its county seat is Santa Ana . It is the second most densely populated county in the state , second only to San Francisco County . The county 's four largest cities , Anaheim , Santa Ana , Irvine , and Huntington Beach each have populations exceeding 200,000 . Several of Orange County 's cities are on the Pacific coast , including Huntington Beach , Newport Beach , Laguna Beach , and San Clemente . Orange County is included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area . Thirty-four incorporated cities are located in the county ; the newest is Aliso Viejo , which was incorporated in 2001 . Anaheim was the first city , incorporated in 1870 , when the region was still part of neighboring Los Angeles County . Whereas most population centers in the United States tend to be identified by a major city , there is no defined urban center in Orange County . It is mostly suburban except for some traditionally urban areas at the centers of the older cities of Anaheim , Fullerton , Huntington Beach , Orange , and Santa Ana . There are several edge city-style developments such as Irvine Business Center , Newport Center , and South Coast Metro . The county is famous for its tourism as the home of attractions like Disneyland , Knott 's Berry Farm , and several beaches along its more than 40 mi of coastline . It is also known for its political conservatism -- a 2005 academic study listed three Orange County cities as among America 's 25 most conservative , making it one of two counties in the nation containing more than one such city . ( Maricopa County , Arizona also has three cities on the list . ) It is part of the Tech Coast .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d67ab3e1eb5c2eef779ba834d715e385", "text": "East Richmond Heights, California East Richmond Heights is an unincorporated and census-designated place ( CDP ) in western Contra Costa County , California , United States . Its population was 3,280 at the 2010 census . The community is locally referred to as Richmond View , especially in the context of real estate advertisements . The area also includes Tewksbury Heights , a subdivision created in 1909 and located within the East Richmond Heights CDP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70acedc60b4c10de9fcf45a2d040c874", "text": "Anaheim Ice Anaheim Ice , formerly known as Disney Ice , is an indoor ice rink complex in Anaheim , California . It is known for being one of the major works of architect Frank Gehry . It is the practice and training rink of the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League , and also hosts youth hockey , figure skating events , and public skating . Additionally , it serves as the home rink for the University of Southern California club hockey team , and was the site of the 2010 PAC-8 Hockey Conference Tournament , hosted by USC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "266211deb3d393e4a56863dcfb02bdd7", "text": "Vineland, Florida Vineland is an unincorporated community in southwest Orange County , Florida , United States , located just north of Interstate 4 along State Road 535 and continues along County Road 435 , which is South Apopka Vineland Road . The name is no longer often used since the more well-known City of Lake Buena Vista lies just to the south and west . Orange County officially calls the area Buena Vista North or Orange Center , its original name . Mailing addresses for residents in the area are typically Orlando , Florida except many businesses in the area use Lake Buena Vista as their address . The area is most famous due to the name appearing on a large number of major Orange County roads , including Apopka-Vineland Road , Winter Garden-Vineland Road , Kissimmee-Vineland Road and Taft-Vineland Road . There was also a small town which was abandoned in the 1960s called Vineland . An ACL Railway Depot , Housing , a schoolhouse , a church , the Vineland Cemetery , and many more community facilities were a part of the original town . These roads begin/terminate in the area known as Vineland and Lake Buena Vista , Florida . Vineland is mainly residential , with a mosque Jama Masjid of Orlando , a synagogue , Southwest Orlando Jewish and four shopping center areas with 15 plus restaurants and several hotels and time share resorts , and the eastern entrance to Walt Disney World on Hotel Plaza Blvd. being other land uses . There are about 50 houses in the neighborhood , apartment complex , Mobile Home park ( 55 yr , + ) . It is part of the Orlando -- Kissimmee Metropolitan Statistical Area . The area was given the name Orange Center when it was platted in 1911 . Previously it had the name Englewood , probably given to it by the Florida Midland Railroad . The name was changed to Vineland in 1924 , supposedly due to confusion with Orange City , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6c01ceb8d28448e6e13e3373934fa6", "text": "Rocky Mount, Virginia Rocky Mount is a town in and the county seat of Franklin County , Virginia , United States . The town is part of the Roanoke Metropolitan Statistical Area , and had a population of 4,799 as of the 2010 census . It is located in the Roanoke Region of Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaddcf6f98513557ea972ec6a37b5c3d", "text": "Chinese enclaves in the San Gabriel Valley Chinese communities form a substantial portion of the population of the San Gabriel Valley . The region has achieved international prominence as a hub of overseas Chinese or hua qiao . Although Chinese immigrants were a noteworthy presence in the establishment of Southern California from the 19th century , significant Chinese migration to suburban San Gabriel Valley coincided with a trend of white out-migration from the 1970s onward . This opened an opportunity for well-educated and affluent Asian Americans to begin settling in the west San Gabriel Valley , primarily to Monterey Park . High property values and overcrowding in Monterey Park have contributed to a secondary movement away from that city , and the Chinese community is now spread over a cluster of cities in the west San Gabriel Valley . Suburban cities in the valley with large non-white populations , also called ethnoburbs , include Alhambra , Arcadia , Rosemead , San Marino , San Gabriel , South Pasadena , and Temple City and then eastward to Diamond Bar , Hacienda Heights , Rowland Heights , and Walnut . Numerous Mandarin - and Cantonese-speaking businesses have been established in these suburbs to accommodate the changing population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4631dd785482affe0c70372099b58099", "text": "Hamilton, Virginia Hamilton is a town in the Loudoun Valley of Loudoun County , Virginia , United States . The population was 506 as of the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f0b3f3eabebf242b8f48b1bab5aa30f", "text": "California's 10th State Assembly district California 's 10th State Assembly district is one of 80 California State Assembly districts . It is currently represented by of .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a10db5be61bdb7d60c9d663a10bb6fb3", "text": "Woodlawn, Fairfax County, Virginia Woodlawn is a census-designated place in Fairfax County , Virginia , United States . The population as of the 2010 census was 20,804 . It consists of that part of Mount Vernon CDP which , up to the 2000 census , was north of U.S. Route 1 , i.e. the area between Fort Belvoir to the west and Little Hunting Creek to the east , and south of Huntley Meadows Park . Historic Woodlawn Plantation is at the west end of it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb6ae41733378048adb7ee008274472", "text": "Charlottesville, Virginia Charlottesville , colloquially C'ville and formally the City of Charlottesville , is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 48,210 . It is the county seat of Albemarle County , which surrounds the city , though the two are separate legal entities . This means a Charlottesville resident will list the City of Charlottesville as both their county and city on official paperwork . Charlottesville has eighteen distinctive neighborhoods . It is named after the British Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Charlottesville with the County of Albemarle for statistical purposes , bringing its steadily growing population to approximately 150,000 . Charlottesville is the heart of the Charlottesville metropolitan area , which includes Albemarle , Fluvanna , Greene and Nelson counties . Charlottesville was the home of two Presidents , Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe . While both served as Governor of Virginia , they lived in Charlottesville , and traveled to and from Richmond , along the 71 mi historic Three Notch 'd Road . Orange , located 26 mi northeast of the city , was the hometown of President James Madison . The University of Virginia , founded by Thomas Jefferson and one of the original Public Ivies , straddles the city 's southwestern border with Albemarle . Monticello , located 3 mi southeast of the city , is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Located on a hilltop overlooking Charlottesville , Monticello attracts thousands of tourists every year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c905184929d09cf905c11c865d1fac21", "text": "Wyndham, Virginia Wyndham is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Henrico County , Virginia , United States , in the West End area outside of Richmond . The population was 9,785 at the 2010 census . The CDP is named for Wyndham , a planned community there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10ad484ed656c828f2b2f366f8035a32", "text": "Melodyland Christian Center Melodyland Christian Center was a church in Anaheim , California that was located a short distance east of the Disneyland Resort . The Melodyland Theater and surrounding campus started as a theater in the round and later became an evangelical Christian church . Pastor Ralph Wilkerson took a musical theater and turned it into one of the largest ( at the time ) and most influential churches in the Evangelical or Charismatic/Pentecostal community . The Melodyland theater and all the buildings on the church campus were demolished in 2003 . Part of the Anaheim GardenWalk was later built on the site . Incidentally , the spot where the main Theater ( or Sanctuary for the church ) was located is the spot where the movie theaters are located for GardenWalk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83723a8215f6316140abd7274f48996a", "text": "Heathsville, Virginia Heathsville is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in and the county seat of Northumberland County , Virginia , United States . The population as of the 2010 Census was 142 . It is located on U.S. Route 360 ( the Northumberland Highway ) west of Reedville and east of Warsaw . The Heathsville Historic District , Coan Baptist Church , Howland Chapel School , Kirkland Grove Campground , Rice 's Hotel , Oakley , St. Stephen 's Church , Sunnyside , and The Academy are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . `` Heathsville '' is named after lawyer and politician John Heath .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8360764bfb539ee7c617e9f011c708c7", "text": "Newport News Park Newport News Park , located in Newport News , Virginia , is the largest park in the system of municipal parks maintained by the Newport News Department of Parks , Recreation and Tourism . At 8,065 acres ( 32.63 km ² ) , it is one of largest city-run parks in the United States . It offers a wide range of activities for residents and tourists alike .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ba017e50845374ac16abdf884b68fd0", "text": "Mason Neck, Virginia Mason Neck is a peninsula jutting into the Potomac River to the south of Washington , D.C. , in the U.S. state of Virginia . It is surrounded by Belmont Bay to the west , the Potomac River to the south and east , Gunston Cove to the northeast , and Pohick Bay to the north-northeast . The census-designated place ( CDP ) of Mason Neck forms the southernmost section of Fairfax County , in northern Virginia , and comprises an area of 51.8 sqkm , two-thirds of which is preserved as parkland by regional , state , and national authorities . The population of the Mason Neck CDP was 2,005 as of the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e4012f94838ba79690cbee48065fef5", "text": "Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation is a department of the government of Virginia ; it oversees all Virginia state parks and Natural Area Preserves . The Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development was created in 1926 under Governor Harry F. Byrd to consolidate and coordinate several conservation agencies : the Water Power and Development Commission , the State Geological Commission , the State Geological Survey , Office of the State Geologist , Office of the State Forester , and the Division of Parks . William E. Carson ( 1870-1942 ) was the Commission 's first ( unpaid ) chairman and served until resigning pending a reorganization that became effective in late December 1934 and authorized a full-time state employee to head the agency . Carson consolidated what under his successor Wilbur C. Hall ( 1935-1939 ) , became Shenandoah National Park , as well as coordinated with the federal Department of the Interior and Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) , which created a $ 5 million system of state parks ( in exchange for Virginia appropriations of $ 100,000 which some called `` the biggest bargain of the New Deal '' ) . Also during Carson 's chairmanship , Governor John Garland Pollard in 1932 accepted several land parcels in and surrounding Richmond , Virginia , which in March 1936 became Richmond National Battlefield Park after being given to the National Park Service because during the Great Depression the Commonwealth lacked funds to develop and maintain those lands and structures . Carson also created a Division of History and Archaeology within the State Commission of Conservation and Development and started a historical marker program . Virginia 's first six state parks were created in June 1936 despite the opposition of Virginia 's Senators Carter Glass and Harry F. Byrd to many other aspects of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt 's administration . The first state parks were : Westmoreland State Park , Seashore State Park ( which later became First Landing State Park ) , Fairy Stone State Park , Staunton River State Park , Douthat State Park and Hungry Mother State Park . In these and other projects , the CCC employed 107,210 in Virginia at one time or another , including 64,762 young Virginians who planted 15.2 million trees , built 986 bridges , reduced fire hazards over 152,000 acres , strung 2,128 miles of telephone line and stocked 1.3 million fish . Virginia received the fifth largest state expenditure in the country , totaling $ 109 million during the agency 's nine year existence . The agency 's name changed in 1938 to the Virginia Conservation Commission , which was led by N. Clarence Smith ( 1939-1942 ) , and William A. Wright ( 1942-1948 ) . In 1948 the Virginia General Assembly again reorganized state government and created the Department of Conservation and Development , which consolidated the functions of the Conservation Commission , State Port Authority and the State Planning Board . Governor William Tuck named Wright as director of the new Department of Conservation and Development . In 1985 , another major governmental reorganization created the current Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b69e05f3f5bcf7223f8770b9469f1c53", "text": "Pomona, California Pomona is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley , between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city 's population was 149,058 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdcc856837a2d841b7691587a46bf599", "text": "Orange City, Florida Orange City is a city in Volusia County , Florida , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city had a population of 10,599 . It is a part of the Deltona -- Daytona Beach -- Ormond Beach metropolitan area , which was home to 590,289 people in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66a91e8e226a207ad322727c15a58663", "text": "History of Newport Beach, California The recorded history of the Newport Beach , California , region began when the area was first explored by Europeans in the 1500s . Prior to that time , Native Americans such as the Tongva and Juaneño / Luiseño people had been living in the area for thousands of years . Explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo mapped the coastline in 1542 , but it was 200 years before Europeans settled the area . In 1769 , Newport was a small portion of the land grant of Don José Antonio Yorba I , first under Spanish and then Mexican rule . After the Civil War , the land was developed by American settlers : for ranching by James Irvine and for shipping by James McFadden . A small settlement was built around McFaddens ' Wharf ( at the location where the Newport Pier is today ) and it became the largest business of Orange County , California . Following the opening of the San Pedro Harbor in Los Angeles in 1899 , the commercial shipping industry in Newport declined . Newport Beach developed into a tourist and recreational boating community . in August 1906 , Newport Beach became incorporated as a city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdf03a222ed29e4afb5775b462183b29", "text": "University Center, Virginia University Center is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Loudoun County , Virginia . The population as of the 2010 United States Census was 3,586 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07c63a3a07353776ded9bf3fb0cdce61", "text": "California's 46th congressional district California 's 46th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California . The district is currently represented by Lou Correa . The district is based in Orange County and includes the communities of Anaheim and Santa Ana . The Congressional district also contains the theme park Disneyland . From 2003 to 2013 the district covered part of Los Angeles County and Orange County . The district included Huntington Beach , Costa Mesa , and Rancho Palos Verdes .", "title": "" } ]	fever
72f213e6f88cbe85d9434b7f784117d7	Bruce Lee was in The Big Boss, Fist of Fury, Golden Harvest, Way of the Dragon, Enter the Dragon, and The Game of Death.	[ { "docid": "908059bb2f37a2391e20c6e93a0b63e2", "text": "Bruce Lee Lee Jun-fan ( ; November 27 , 1940 -- July 20 , 1973 ) , known professionally as Bruce Lee , was a Hong Kong and American martial artist , actor , philosopher , filmmaker , and founder of the martial art Jeet Kune Do . Lee was the son of Cantonese opera star Lee Hoi-chuen . He is widely considered by commentators , critics , media , and other martial artists to be one of the most influential martial artists of all time , and a pop culture icon of the 20th century . He is often credited with helping to change the way Asians were presented in American films . Lee was born in Chinatown , San Francisco , on November 27 , 1940 , to parents from Hong Kong and was raised in Kowloon , Hong Kong , with his family until his late teens . He was introduced to the film industry by his father and appeared in several films as a child actor . Lee moved to the United States at the age of 18 to receive his higher education , at the University of Washington , at Seattle and it was during this time that he began teaching martial arts . His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films elevated the traditional Hong Kong martial arts film to a new level of popularity and acclaim , sparking a surge of interest in Chinese martial arts in the West in the 1970s . The direction and tone of his films changed and influenced martial arts and martial arts films in the US , Hong Kong and the rest of the world . He is noted for his roles in five feature-length films : Lo Wei 's The Big Boss ( 1971 ) and Fist of Fury ( 1972 ) ; Golden Harvest 's Way of the Dragon ( 1972 ) , directed and written by Lee ; Golden Harvest and Warner Brothers ' Enter the Dragon ( 1973 ) and The Game of Death ( 1978 ) , both directed by Robert Clouse . Lee became an iconic figure known throughout the world , particularly among the Chinese , as he portrayed Chinese nationalism in his films . He trained in the art of Wing Chun and later combined his other influences from various sources , in the spirit of his personal martial arts philosophy , which he dubbed Jeet Kune Do ( The Way of the Intercepting Fist ) . Lee held dual nationality of Hong Kong and the US . He died in Kowloon Tong on July 20 , 1973 at the age of 32 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cd9c78783ed8bcca996c429974fb9790", "text": "The Angry River The Angry River ( Chinese title : 鬼怒川 ) is a 1970 Hong Kong fantasy action film directed by Huang Feng . It was the first film produced by Golden Harvest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df1a5ddba75b9730392218893830017f", "text": "Orange Sky Golden Harvest Orange Sky Golden Harvest ( OSGH ) , previously known as Golden Harvest from 1970 to 2009 , is a film production , distribution , and exhibition company based in Hong Kong . It dominated Hong Kong box office sales from the 1970s to 1980s and played a major role in introducing Hong Kong films to the Western market , especially those by Bruce Lee ( Concord Production Inc. ) , Jackie Chan , and Sammo Hung .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1710f1f630875e41438dde5641fac518", "text": "Big Fight Big Fight may refer to : The Big Fight ( 1930 film ) , a 1930 film The Big Fight ( 1972 film ) , a 1972 Hong Kong film Asterix and the Big Fight , the seventh volume in the French comic book series , Asterix Asterix and the Big Fight ( film ) , a 1989 animated movie based on the seventh volume in the Asterix comic book series Big Fight Special , an episode from the first series of the BBC Comedy KYTV , originally shown in 1990 The Big Fight Live , a British boxing television programme Kiseki no Big Fight , the closing theme song of the Dragon Ball Z film Kiken na Futari ! Super Senshi wa Nemurenai Big Fight : Big Trouble in the Atlantic Ocean , a 1992 arcade game developed and published by Tatsumi `` Is Usagi Going it Alone ? The Sailor Warriors Get Into a Big Fight '' , a Sailor Moon episode The Tascosa Gunfight , an Old West gunfight that took place in Tascosa , Texas", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59ce7b819a5a8fdf7e857b6016b5120", "text": "Dragon Ball Z: Wrath of the Dragon Dragon Ball Z : Wrath of the Dragon , known in Japan as , is the thirteenth Dragon Ball Z feature movie . It was originally released in Japan on July 15 , 1995 at the Toei Anime Fair . It was later dubbed into English by Funimation in 2006 , just like most of the other Dragon Ball films . It was also released on VCD in Malaysia by Speedy Video with the subtitle Explosion of Dragon Punch . Set after the events of the final battle with Majin Buu , the film focuses on the efforts of an evil magician , Hoi , to release the deadly monster Hirudegarn onto the Earth , forcing Goku and his friends to enlist the aid of a warrior named Tapion , who may be the only one capable of defeating the monster . Series creator Akira Toriyama designed the Tapion and Minoshia characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c0e4812a7ce10d2cf8beca649ea1d36", "text": "Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) . In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s . Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a7e8810bf2882ef7411afa85af38838", "text": "Lee Roberts Lee Roberts was a film actor during the Hollywood Golden Age . Sometimes he is credited as Robert Allen or Lee J. Roberts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "044eef4c71bf046fc80cab4a4b0f2918", "text": "Return to the 36th Chamber Return to the 36th Chamber ( 少林搭棚大師 , Shao Lin ta peng hsiao tzu , Return of the Master Killer or Master Killer II ) is a 1980 Shaw Brothers Studio Hong Kong martial arts comedy film starring Gordon Liu . It was directed by Lau Kar-Leung and written by Ni Kuang . The film is the second in a loosely connected trilogy , following The 36th Chamber Of Shaolin ( 1978 ) and preceding Disciples Of The 36th Chamber ( 1985 ) . In the first and third films in the series , Liu portrays the Shaolin monk San Te , but in Return , he portrays an imposter monk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61a690692dd79ef810ab7457c4cf797f", "text": "Jun'an, Guangdong Jun ` an is a town , part of Shunde district , in Foshan prefecture-level city , Guangdong Province , southern China . Martial artist Bruce Lee 's father Lee Hoi-chuen was born in Jun ` an , his ancestral roots can be found in Jun ` an . There is a street in the village named after Bruce Lee where his ancestral home is situated . The home is open for public access . There is also a theme park built after Bruce Lee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013bd4e2289fb2bce00bbea67b5d7a5a", "text": "Legend of the Wolf Legend of the Wolf , alternatively known as The New Big Boss in American and British DVD releases , is a 1997 Hong Kong action-martial arts film directed and produced by , and starring Donnie Yen . The film also marked Yen 's debut as a film director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeb8c1992a7e475737f5b6d88b63774d", "text": "Donnie Yen Donnie Yen ( born 27 July 1963 ) , also known as Yen Chi Tan , is a Hong Kong actor , martial artist , film director , producer , action choreographer , and multiple-time world wushu tournament champion . Yen is credited by many for contributing to the popularisation of the traditional martial arts style known as Wing Chun . He played Wing Chun grandmaster Ip Man in the 2008 film Ip Man , which was a box office success . This has led to an increase in the number of people taking up Wing Chun , leading to hundreds of new Wing Chun schools being opened up in mainland China and other parts of Asia . Ip Chun , the eldest son of Ip Man , even mentioned that he is grateful to Yen for making his family art popular and allowing his father 's legacy to be remembered . Yen is considered to be one of Hong Kong 's top action stars ; director Peter Chan mentioned that he `` is the ` it ' action person right now '' and `` has built himself into a bona fide leading man , who happens to be an action star . '' Yen is widely credited for bringing mixed martial arts ( MMA ) into the mainstream of Chinese culture by choreographing MMA in many of his recent films . Yen has displayed notable skills in a wide variety of martial arts , being well-versed in Tai chi chuan , boxing , kickboxing , Jeet Kune Do , Hapkido , Taekwondo , karate , Muay Thai , wrestling , Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu , Judo , Wing Chun , and Wushu . Seen as one of the most popular film stars in Asia of the early 2000s , Yen was one of the highest paid actors in Asia in 2009 . Yen earned HK$ 220 million ( US$ 28.4 million ) from four films and six advertisements in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52504bbd8a8ced43ac91972e045004c8", "text": "Big Boss (Metal Gear) Big Boss is one of the central characters in the Metal Gear video game series . He was introduced in the original Metal Gear games for the MSX2 as the commanding officer and subsequent nemesis of Solid Snake . He is later featured as Naked Snake , the protagonist of Metal Gear Solid prequels where he is initially depicted as an American Special Forces Operator and decorated war hero until political manipulations cause him to be disillusioned , and he started his own private mercenary company . Big Boss 's character has been praised by video game publications for his role as a villain as well for his relationship with Solid Snake . As the series ' chronology progressed , his exact allegiance and motivations became increasingly complex ; his first appearances are depicted as a traitor dreaming of a world of perpetual war , but subsequent appearances have revealed him to be a key figure in an ideological dispute that shaped the latter half of the twentieth century and a man whose conscience was disturbed by the attitude of leaders towards soldiers , prompting his decision to become a soldier of fortune and Venom Snake 's mental template . In the series ' Japanese versions , Naked Snake is voiced by Akio Ōtsuka ( Solid Snake 's voice actor ) while Big Boss is voiced by Chikao Ōtsuka ( Akio Ōtsuka 's real-life father ) in Metal Gear Solid 4 : Guns of the Patriots . In the English versions , Naked Snake is voiced by David Hayter ( Solid Snake 's voice actor ) while Big Boss is voiced by Richard Doyle ( in Metal Gear Solid 4 : Guns of the Patriots ) and by Kiefer Sutherland ( Venom Snake 's voice actor ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b54651fb488c67b50a3d4dc5cede7106", "text": "Gina Hiraizumi Gina Hiraizumi is a Juilliard alumni , who has been acting professionally for over 15 years . With over 5 features releasing for 2017 , her career is taking an exciting leap . Her next theatrical release is with A-List Japan star , MIEKO HARADA in the drama feature , TOKYO NEW YORK as `` Keiko '' - a Japanese girl forced to work in the underground Tokyo hostess club world for survival , while Harada plays the mama-san boss in this Japanese scripted feature . This international drama feature by Award-winning director , Naghmeh Shirkhan is set to release in 2017 . In the crime/murder TV series , DEADLY SINS ( 2016 / ID Discovery ) Gina was the lead title role of real life Filipina criminal , `` Rosalina Misina Mendoza '' in this full hour biopic tale . She portrays the role of Rosalina in her early 20 's ( she is now in her 60 's , incarcerated in prison without parole in Seattle , WA ) and portrays her character from the start , as the story unfolds from her harsh beginnings in Manila , Philippines to the United States . Her character has stirred a lot of emotions with the fans of the show , as Twitter exploded with comments upon the TV release . Network television credits include CASTLE and FLASH FORWARD ( ABC ) , SHARK ( CBS ) , QUINTUPLETS ( FOX ) . Gina played the beauty queen wife of martial arts superstar , JASON SCOTT LEE ( `` Dragon : Bruce Lee Story '' ) in the WWII period piece feature , ONLY THE BRAVE and co-starred in DAY OF INDEPENDENCE by Academy Award Winner , director Chris Tashima . Gina 's past celebrity endorsement deals include KILAUEA FIRE ( Hawaiian Hot Sauce ) as seen in the Hawaiian Airlines ' HANA HOU MAGAZINE and a 2010 CALENDAR by Hilton Hawaiian Village . A calendar signing tour took her around the world and was a massive success . The eldest of 3 sisters , Gina grew up in Los Angeles , CA while traveling to Tokyo 2-3 times a year , every year of her life . Growing up privileged , her father was a successful entrepreneur - the owner of a global travel agency , which allowed the entire family to live an international lifestyle . Many summers were spent attending Japanese schools in Tokyo , Japan and swimming the beaches in Honolulu , Hawaii . Gina got her start in acting when her whole family was cast in a Japanese commercial for `` House Curry '' when she was 15 . She enrolled herself in acting training as a teenager with her first acting coach , Aaron Speiser - the coach behind Jennifer Lopez and Will Smith . Upon acceptance to Juilliard , she took off a handful of years mid-career to get formal training in NYC . To this day , the most transformative moment of her career was when she was invited over to the home of fellow Juilliard Alumni , VIOLA DAVIS ( `` How to Get Away with Murder '' ) . Recalling some of the life and business lessons she was mentored with , she still credits that meeting for the most `` lifechanging meeting of my life . '' Gina recently got married to her husband , Blayne and plans to start a family in the next year . She lives in Los Angeles , CA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afe532a953a696876cc3fd1d57b3d93d", "text": "List of celebrity appearances in video games This is a list of celebrities who have appeared as themselves in video games . Bruce Lee -- Starred in several video games , see Bruce Lee ( video game ) disambiguation page and Media about Bruce Lee Bruce Lee ( 1984 ) ; Bruce Lee Lives ( 1989 ) ; Dragon : The Bruce Lee Story ( 1993 ) ; Bruce Lee : Quest of the Dragon ( 2002 ) ; Bruce Lee : Return of the Legend ( 2003 ) ; Bruce Lee : Iron Fist 3D ( 2008 ) Drew Carey -- Cameo in The Sims : House Party ( 2001 ) . Avril Lavigne , Andy Warhol , Christina Aguilera , Cameron Diaz , Sarah McLachlan , Jon Bon Jovi and Marilyn Monroe appear in The Sims : Superstar ( 2003 ) . Gackt -- Character in Bujingai ( 2003 ) ; Genesis Rhapsodos ( aka `` G '' ) in Dirge of Cerberus : Final Fantasy VII ( 2006 ) and Crisis Core : Final Fantasy VII ( 2007 ) . Gary Coleman -- Appears as himself in Postal ² ( 2003 ) . Redman -- Appears as himself in True Crime : New York City ( 2005 ) . Snoop Dogg -- appears in True Crime : Streets of LA ( 2003 ) . Hugh Hefner , Carmen Electra and Tom Arnold appear in Playboy : The Mansion ( 2005 ) . Phil Collins -- Appears as himself in Grand Theft Auto : Vice City Stories . Katt Williams and Ricky Gervais perform in the comedy clubs of Grand Theft Auto IV ( 2008 ) . 50 Cent -- Appeared as himself in 50 Cent : Bulletproof ( 2005 ) and 50 Cent : Blood on the Sand ( 2008 ) . Michael Jackson -- Appeared as himself in `` Michael Jackson 's Moonwalker '' Kiss -- A fictionalized version of this rock band appear in Kiss : Psycho Circus : The Nightmare Child . Kiss also appear in Tony Hawk 's Underground , both in performing cameos and as secret characters ( though only Gene Simmons has his own moves ; the other members have default `` pedestrian '' moves and animations ) . Aerosmith -- Revolution X , Quest for Fame and Guitar Hero : Aerosmith . Mike Tyson -- appears as himself in Mike Tyson 's Punch-Out !! ( 1987 ) and Mike Tyson : Main Event for the iPhone created by RockLive . Jesse James -- appears as himself in Tony Hawk 's Underground 2 . Shaquille O'Neal -- stars in his own fighting game titled Shaq-Fu , released for the Super NES and Genesis . Also appears as an unlockable fighter in one UFC game . Burt Reynolds -- appears as himself in Saints Row : The Third . Keith David -- appears as himself in Saints Row IV . Michael Jordan -- appears as himself in Michael Jordan : Chaos in the Windy City The Black Eyed Peas -- appear in `` The Sims : Urbz '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "789251fc25a7df6fa48a18e1c59278e6", "text": "Bruce Lee (video game) Bruce Lee is a video game designed by Ron J. Fortier , with graphics by Kelly Day and music by John A. Fitzpatrick . It was originally developed for the Atari 8-bit family and published in 1984 by Datasoft , along with a port for the Commodore 64 . The game was converted to the ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC and published by U.S. Gold in the same year . An MSX version was published in 1985 by Comptiq . Bruce Lee is a platform game/beat 'em up hybrid , in which the player controls Bruce Lee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e746db7cdfa5db546837b2c059febe1b", "text": "Dragon Blade (film) Dragon Blade is a 2015 Chinese-Hong Kong historical action film written and directed by Daniel Lee and starring Jackie Chan . In the film , Chan plays Huo An , the commander of the Protection Squad of the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty . Dragon Blade was released in IMAX 3D on 19 February 2015 , the first day of the Chinese New Year holiday period . The film was released in the United States on 4 September 2015 by Lionsgate Premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "389cb90ac115edc5d29885f0af1c6b48", "text": "Bruce Li Bruce Li ( born Ho Chung-tao June 5 , 1950 ) is a Taiwanese actor , martial artist and Bruce Lee imitator who starred in martial arts films from the Bruceploitation movement . Li is perhaps best known for his role as Bruce Lee in the 1976 film Bruce Lee : The Man , The Myth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d49a128a07a8c4ed7b5bda0a6fcd21d", "text": "Masters of the Universe: The Movie Masters of the Universe : The Movie is an action-adventure game developed by Gremlin Graphics , and published in 1987 . It is based on the American film Masters of the Universe ( 1987 ) , directed by Gary Goddard . The film and the game are part of the Masters of the Universe media franchise . A promotional photo of Dolph Lundgren as He-Man and Frank Langella as Skeletor illustrates the video game packaging . The MSX version of the game is titled Masters of the Universe . Two other Masters of the Universe video games were published in the same year : Masters of the Universe : The Arcade Game and Masters of the Universe : The Super Adventure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10ff0ce4ba2b5af8f8e162158594fa56", "text": "Fatal Fury: Wild Ambition is a 3D fighting video game produced by SNK and is part of the Fatal Fury series of fighting games . The game was released by Japanese arcades on January 28 , 1999 , although the title screen shows the year 1998 . It was one of the last games released for the Hyper Neo Geo 64 system board . It was ported to the Sony PlayStation on June 24 , 1999 in Japan and November 30 , 1999 in North America . The game was re-released as a downloadable game for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable via the PlayStation Network in Japan on April 25 , 2007 . The game re-tells the story of the original Fatal Fury video game . It introduces Toji Sakata and Tsugumi Sendo to the series , and places Mai Shiranui , Kim Kaphwan , and Li Xiangfei as participants of the original King of Fighters tournament . Ryuji Yamazaki also appears as a mid-boss character and Ryo Sakazaki makes an appearance as Mr. Karate , tying the events of Art of Fighting 2 to this game .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9ebad5ccd3a83a597b1807ac56eb4f84	Neil Patrick Harris quit stage acting in 2005.	[ { "docid": "00d65887c3029b796f8a03792f96111b", "text": "Neil Patrick Harris Neil Patrick Harris ( born June 15 , 1973 ) is an American actor , comedian , magician , singer , and composer , known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles . On television , he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser , M.D. ( 1989 -- 1993 ) , Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother ( 2005 -- 2014 , for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards ) , and Count Olaf on A Series of Unfortunate Events ( 2017 onward ) . Harris is also known for his role as the title character in Joss Whedon 's musical Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog ( 2008 ) and a fictional version of himself in the Harold & Kumar film series ( 2004 -- 2011 ) . His other films include Starship Troopers ( 1997 ) , Beastly ( 2011 ) , The Smurfs ( 2011 ) , The Smurfs 2 ( 2013 ) , A Million Ways to Die in the West ( 2014 ) , and Gone Girl ( 2014 ) . In 2014 , he starred in the title role in Hedwig and the Angry Inch on Broadway , for which he won the 2014 Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical . Harris has hosted the Tony Awards in 2009 , 2011 , 2012 , and 2013 , for which he won several special class Emmy Awards . He also hosted the Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 and 2013 , and hosted the 87th Academy Awards in 2015 , thus making him the first openly gay man to host the Academy Awards . Harris was named one of Time magazine 's 100 Most Influential People in 2010 . He is married to David Burtka . In 2010 , they got twins through surrogacy .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c75af7e1c62d5ba0b620e94f9f106383", "text": "Robert Harris (golfer) Robert Harris ( 10 October 1882 -- 17 March 1959 ) was a Scottish amateur golfer . He won the 1925 the Amateur Championship and was the low amateur in the Open Championship the same year . He was the British Walker Cup captain on three occasions . Harris was the son of William Harris , one of the founders of a stationery company , Burns & Harris , in Dundee , Scotland . Harris moved to London and was a member of the Stock Exchange . As well as winning the Amateur Championship in 1925 , he was also twice runner-up , losing 6 & 5 to Harold Hilton in 1913 and 7 & 6 to Roger Wethered in 1923 . His 1925 win over Kenneth Fradgley by 13 & 12 was a record win in the Amateur Championship at the time . Harris was 6 up after 7 holes and 9 up after 18 . He then won 4 of the first 6 of the second round to complete his victory . He wrote a book `` Sixty Years of Golf '' published in 1953 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8790b3f9caa6a0a9e498b9ebb026adab", "text": "2005 Premier League Snooker (2005/06) The 2005 Betfred Premier League Snooker was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played from 15 September to 4 December 2005 . Ronnie O'Sullivan won in the final 6 -- 0 against Stephen Hendry . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d9cd935cd4ef66b0e7af80e7206f37a", "text": "Dirty Deeds (2005 film) Dirty Deeds is a 2005 American comedy film directed by David Kendall , produced by Bill Civitella and Dan Kaplow ; written by Jon Land and Jonathan Thies . It was released on August 25 , 2005 in the United States and filmed in Los Angeles , California . The film was given a rating of PG-13 for `` crude humor , sexual content , language , teen partying/sexual references , and some violence '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4e52aaa01b969d1a0dffced8f54c383", "text": "New End Theatre The New End Theatre , Hampstead , was an 80-seat fringe theatre venue in London , at 27 New End in the London Borough of Camden which operated from 1974 until 2011 . It was founded in 1974 by Buddy Dalton in the converted mortuary of the now-defunct New End Hospital . The mortuary was formerly linked to the hospital across the road by a tunnel . It was owned by Roy and Sonia Saunders from 1986 until 1997 . Its Artistic Directors included Sonia Saunders ( 1986 -- 92 ) , Jon Harris ( 1992 -- 96 ) and Neil McPherson ( 1996 -- 97 ) . From 1997 to 2011 it was both owned and run by Artistic Director and Chief Executive Brian Daniels . It had a number of successes including A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine , which transferred to both the West End and Broadway ; world premieres of work by Jean Anouilh , Steven Berkoff , Tom Kempinski , Richard Stirling , and Arnold Wesker ; and Tony McHale and Geoffrey William 's play Tunnels Without End , featuring Billy Lomas and Rebecca Simmons , the British premiere of Tennessee Williams ` s In The Bar of a Tokyo Hotel presented by Internationalist Theatre , with Angelique Rockas playing Miriam . The building was converted into a synagogue and Jewish cultural centre in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eebf5ae9a5f628fc96532361769a9819", "text": "Belvoir St Theatre Belvoir St Theatre is an Australian theatre company venue in Sydney , New South Wales . The venue in Belvoir Street , Surry Hills previously operated as the Nimrod Theatre , and was founded as '' ` Belvoir St '' in 1984 by Sue Hill and Chris Westwood . It is the home of the theatre company Belvoir . The building was purchased by a syndicate of people , and there are currently 600 owners , including noted actors , directors , writers and performers : Robyn Archer , Gillian Armstrong , Peter Carey , Judy Davis , Mel Gibson , Max Gillies , Nicole Kidman , Sam Neill , Patrick White , David Williamson , Neil Armfield , Michael Willesee and Colin Friels . Previous owners on the books have also included the late Dame Joan Sutherland , Ruth Cracknell , Gwen Plumb , Dorothy Hewett and Patrick White . Renovations costing around $ 11.6 million commenced in 2005 and were delayed in 2006 with the discovery of asbestos in the building 's roof . The theatre reopened in October 2006 with the Sydney season of It Just Stopped by Stephen Sewell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56d9bf316285e4f416a00a7948d72dca", "text": "Theatre and Performance Research Association The Theatre and Performance Research Association , or TaPRA for short , is an academic organisation focusing on theatre , drama and performance . It was founded in 2005 . Academics from drama and theatre departments at Kent , Leeds , Royal Holloway , Warwick , QMUL , Birmingham , Manchester , Nottingham Trent , Bristol , Central School of Speech and Drama , Lancaster , Sheffield , Roehampton , Glasgow , Exeter and Trinity College , Dublin formed the initial steering group . TaPRA describes its aim as `` to foster research that : enables links between practitioners and scholars within performance disciplines and across cognate fields ; liaises with specialist organisations and groupings ; encourages early career research in theatre and performance . '' Membership is largely British and Irish , although international members are welcomed , regularly contributing at conferences and symposia . Individual academics pay an annual fee to become members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0730e2463c9e3749d658335e9426ea8", "text": "Theatre criticism Theatre criticism is a genre of art criticism , and the act of writing or speaking about the performing arts such as a play or opera . Some major newspapers cover the arts in some form and theatre criticism may be included as a part of this arts coverage . In the 21st century theatre criticism has grown in online venues , such as e-magazines and blogs , while criticism in newspapers has shrunk . Recent research shows that despite the different medium , online critics may be as trusted as theatre critics who write for newspapers . Specialist media exists to cover most artistic disciplines , in this field one such publication is The Stage ( see our theatre magazines category for more ) . As with other forms of criticism it may use its own technical language to convey what the reviewer has seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ff462987a7416d523f7c10c38aa837b", "text": "Patrick Bedford Patrick Bedford ( May 30 , 1932 , Dublin , Ireland -- November 20 , 1999 ; New York City , United States ) was an Irish stage actor . He began his career in the 1950s at the Gate Theatre in Dublin , including productions of Chekhov , Shaw and Shakespeare , and later worked on the stage and in television in England . He was in the original stage production of Philadelphia , Here I Come ! by Brian Friel , at the Gaiety Theatre Dublin , later in London and then New York which earned him a Tony Award nomination in 1965 for Best Actor ( with Donal Donnelly ) . and an Outer Circle Critics Award . He had small parts in Orson Welles 's film Chimes at Midnight ( 1965 ) and in 1967 he starred with Sandy Dennis in the film Up the Down Staircase about life in a NYC high school , and in The Next Man ( 1976 ) . He mainly worked in the theatre in the US on both the east and west coast , but mainly in New York City off Broadway . He was in the premiere of Tennessee Williams 's last play Small Craft Warnings at the New Theatre New York in 1972 . Other stage appearances included Brian Friel 's The Mundy Scheme in New York in 1969 and as John Adams in the nationwide tour of the musical 1776 . He died November 20 , 1999 in Manhattan New York City of cancer six weeks after entering the hospital . He was 67 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3973d0a0eb8e4386f181b28ac01b2a84", "text": "Patrick O'Kane Patrick O'Kane is an Irish actor who was born in 1965 in Belfast , Northern Ireland . He attended St Malachy 's grammar school where he discovered a love of acting and then attended Manchester University , graduating with double honours in Drama and English . This was followed by training at the Central School of Speech and Drama . He has been part of the companies of the Royal National Theatre , where he appeared in The Playboy of the Western World and Peer Gynt , and the Royal Shakespeare Company , where he played the title role in Macbeth . At the Royal Exchange Theatre , Manchester , he gave an `` eye-catching '' , `` triumphant '' performance in the title role of Christopher Marlowe 's Doctor Faustus in 2010 . In London 's West End , he has appeared in War Horse . He played John Proctor in the Lyric Theatre , Belfast 's production of Arthur Miller 's The Crucible , opening the theatre 's new performance space in April 2011 to rave reviews and receiving a nomination for best actor in the Irish Theatre Awards for his performance . In October 2011 O'Kane appeared to great acclaim in the lead role of `` 16 Possible Glimpses '' at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin http://www.abbeytheatre.ie/whats_on/event/16_possible_glimpses/ In May 2012 He appeared as J. Bruce Ismay in Owen McCafferty 's Titanic ( Scenes from the British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry , 1912 ) at the newly opened MAC art 's venue in Belfast and will be performing in Owen McCafferty 's play `` Quietly '' in the Abbey Theatre in October 2012 . In addition to his extensive stage work , O'Kane has appeared in the movies ( most recently in ` Prometheus ' ) and on television in many parts including ` Game of Thrones ' , seasons two and three of ` The Borgias ' , series nine of the popular BBC `` New Tricks '' and the upcoming BBC detective series `` The Fall '' set in Northern Ireland . He won a Nesta Fellowship in 2005 and has released a book `` Actor 's Voices '' a series of conversations with modern actors ( Oberon Press 2012 ) He has also been in season 3 of HBO series Game of Thrones , playing as the new face of Jaqen H'ghar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f619c8a52c4be35e72a776aff90f748", "text": "2005 in the United Kingdom Events from the year 2005 in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2ffa7889c140058e4dd90f3cc96b47b", "text": "Your Ticket Is No Longer Valid Your Ticket is No Longer Valid is a 1981 Canadian film starring Richard Harris . Harris later regarded the movie as one of the biggest artistic disappointments of his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc88c95baefd83fa05810d9d1e7e5ddb", "text": "Calvin Harris discography Scottish record producer , DJ , singer and songwriter Calvin Harris has released four studio albums , one mix album , three extended plays , 28 singles ( including three as a featured artist ) , 12 promotional singles and 31 music videos . As of November 2014 , Harris had sold 8,176,180 singles and tracks in the United Kingdom . Harris 's debut studio album , I Created Disco , was released in June 2007 . The album peaked at number eight on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Its first two singles , `` Acceptable in the 80s '' and `` The Girls '' , peaked at numbers 10 and three , respectively , on the UK Singles Chart , while the third single , `` Merrymaking at My Place '' , reached number 43 . In August 2009 , Harris released his second studio album , Ready for the Weekend , which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and earned a gold certification from the BPI within two months of release . Its lead single , `` I 'm Not Alone '' , became Harris 's first number one on the UK Singles Chart . `` Ready for the Weekend '' was released as the album 's second single , peaking at number three in the United Kingdom . Two more singles were released from the album , `` Flashback '' and `` You Used to Hold Me '' , which reached numbers 18 and 27 on the UK chart , respectively . His third studio album , 18 Months , was released in October 2012 . The album sees Harris stepping away from vocals , instead focusing on the music production . It earned Harris his second consecutive number-one album in his home country . 18 Months also became his first album to chart on the Billboard 200 in the United States , peaking at number 19 , while reaching number two in Ireland , number five in Australia and number eight in Canada . The album 's lead single , `` Bounce '' featuring Kelis , peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and gave Harris his first top-10 entry in Australia , peaking at number seven . The second single , `` Feel So Close '' , also peaked at number two in the UK . The song brought Harris to international prominence , reaching number five in New Zealand and number seven in Australia , as well as becoming his first chart entry as a lead performer on the US Billboard Hot 100 , where it charted at number 12 . In 2011 , Harris wrote , produced and was featured on Rihanna 's single `` We Found Love '' , which topped the charts in 25 countries , including the United Kingdom , the United States , Ireland and Canada . The third and fourth singles from 18 Months , `` Let 's Go '' ( featuring Ne-Yo ) and `` We 'll Be Coming Back '' ( featuring Example ) , both reached number two on the UK chart , with the former also peaking at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album 's fifth single , `` Sweet Nothing '' featuring Florence Welch , became Harris 's fourth number-one single in the UK and first top-10 single in the US . `` Drinking from the Bottle '' ( featuring Tinie Tempah ) and `` I Need Your Love '' ( featuring Ellie Goulding ) served as the album 's sixth and seventh singles . Having both charted inside the UK top 10 by April 2013 , Harris made chart history by becoming the first artist to attain eight top-10 singles from one studio album , overtaking the record previously set by Michael Jackson . The eighth and final single , `` Thinking About You '' featuring Ayah Marar , peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart . Harris 's fourth studio album , Motion , was released in October 2014 . It peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and number five on the US Billboard 200 , his highest-peaking album on the latter chart . The album includes the UK number-one singles `` Under Control '' , `` Summer '' and `` Blame '' , as well as the top-10 single `` Outside '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "988cfc0770d4791b0d1b005ca675c371", "text": "Louis Elliman Louis Elliman ( 1906 -- 1965 ) , was an Irish impresario and theatre manager . Elliman was born in Dublin , a son of Maurice Elliman , who had fled from Tsarist persecution in Russia . He was educated at Synge Street CBS . His father became involved in cinema by establishing the Theatre De Luxe in Camden St. in 1912 . After university Louis started work at a pharmacy but after a few years gave that up to become a film agent in London . In the meantime Maurice acquired Dublin 's Gaiety Theatre , which was passed on to Louis . In the early 1930s , Louis Elliman sold a 50 % share in the Gaiety to entrepreneur Patrick Wall , a Clare man . The pair also owned the Metropole and the Savoy cinemas . Along with Patrick Wall , Elliman acquired the Theatre Royal , Dublin in 1936 . With the outbreak of the Second World War , Wall and Elliman were forced to keep the two theatres going with native talent only . This led to the emergence of a raft of Irish acts who were to provide the mainstay of the Royal 's output for the remainder of its existence . These included such Irish household names as Jimmy O'Dea , Harry O'Donovan , Maureen Potter , Danny Cummins , Mike Nolan , Alice Dalgarno , Noel Purcell , Micheál MacLiammoir , Cecil Sheridan , Jack Cruise , Paddy Crosbie and Patricia Cahill . In July 1951 Judy Garland appeared for a series of sold out performances at the Royal and was received with tremendous ovations . The legendary singer sang from her dressing room window to hundreds of people who were unable to get tickets and critics dubbed her `` America 's Colleen '' Popular Irish American entertainer Carmel Quinn also made her singing debut in the Theatre Royal during the early 1950s . After a spell acquiring cinemas around the country , which were taken over by the Rank Organization , Louis went into film production . In 1957 he opened Ardmore Studios . With managing director Emmet Dalton he travelled to the US to promote the studios and to acquire foreign investment . The studios accordingly landed its first major foreign booking with 1959 's Shake Hands with the Devil , starring Oscar winner James Cagney and Dana Wynter . A year later progress was consolidated when Robert Mitchum appeared in Tay Garnett 's `` A Terrible Beauty '' . In 1961 , Ardmore Studios hosted the controversial `` The Mark '' , directed by Guy Green , which was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and earned its star , Stuart Whitman , an Oscar nomination . Other films produced at this time include Don Chaffey 's The Webster Boys and `` Johnny Nobody '' with Cyril Cusack . Hammer Films also utilised the studios as a base for their production , The Viking Queen . The studios went into receivership in 1963 but re-opened later . Under pressure from rising overheads and the increasing popularity of the cinema and the introduction of television , the Theatre Royal closed its doors on 30 June 1962 . By this time Louis was dogged by bad health and died in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0b731ff4667ab8b47e693c5adbfe7fa", "text": "Harris and Selwyn Theaters The Harris and Selwyn Theaters are twin theatres located in the Loop community area of Chicago , Illinois . They were built by Sam H. Harris and Archie and Edgar Selwyn . They were designated a Chicago Landmark on March 31 , 1983 . They have been redesigned by the Goodman Theatre , which is located in them . The Harris and the Selwyn originally operated as live playhouses . Among the plays presented at the Harris was the Chicago run of `` A Streetcar Named Desire . '' Both theatres were purchased by producer Michael Todd and converted into movie theaters in the 1950s . The Harris was renamed The Michael Todd Theatre , and the Selwyn renamed Michael Todd 's Cinestage . The Harris occasionally presented live performances during this period , such as a production of `` Two for the Seesaw '' starring Ruth Roman . Both theatres were closed by the beginning of the 1980s , but were briefly re-opened in 1986 as the short-lived Dearborn Cinemas . In 2000 , the two theaters were completely gutted and rebuilt as part of the Goodman Theatre . The landmarked exteriors were retained as part of the new building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df8cdbcd549d4a5e96a40a8cd8d3c5", "text": "Theatre World Theatre World is the only ( first published in 1945 ) , comprehensive , annual pictorial and statistical record of American theatre in print publication , including Broadway , Off-Broadway , Off-Off-Broadway , and regional theatre , as well as a complete national theatrical awards section and obituaries . Including over 750 photographs , it is the definitive pictorial and statistical reference to each American theatrical season , and is referenced daily by industry professionals , students , historians , and theatre fans worldwide . Until 1998 , the Theatre World editorial staff administered the Theatre World Awards for Outstanding Broadway and off-Broadway debuts . First under the supervision of Theatre World founder Daniel Blum and then under John Willis , who took over the production of the Awards following Blum 's death in 1964 , the Theatre World Awards were first given to those recipients considered `` Promising Personalities . '' In 1998 , the Theatre World Awards were incorporated as a 501 ( c ) 3 nonprofit organization and are currently overseen by a board of directors independent of `` Theatre World . '' Theatre World is the recipient of a 2001 Tony Honor for Excellence in Theatre , presented by the American Theatre Wing , and on behalf of the publication , longtime editor-in-chief John Willis ( 1916-2010 ) accepted honors including the first Special Lucille Lortel Award , a Special Drama Desk Award , and the Broadway Theatre Institute ( now The Theatre Museum ) Lifetime Achievement Award . Theatre World is published annually by Theatre World Media and distributed by Applause Theatre and Cinema Books . The permanent editorial staff currently consists of Ben Hodges , editor in chief , and coeditor Scott Denny . Current editorial staff includes Adam Feldman of Time Out New York ( Broadway ) , Linda Buchwald TDF Stages ( Off-Broadway ) , Shay Gines New York Innovative Theatre Awards ( Off-Off-Broadway ) , and Diep Tran American Theatre Magazine ( Regional theatre ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fff1a51b0602dd6696ad06f33dd3003a", "text": "Blake Harrison Blake Harrison Keenan , better known as Blake Harrison ( born 22 July 1985 ) , is an English actor , best known for playing Neil Sutherland in the BAFTA-winning E4 comedy The Inbetweeners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "391e77d9d227a4331e003a0f717d5765", "text": "Dream On! Dream On ! is a film which premiered in 1981 at the Festival International du Nouveau Cinema , Montreal . It was shot in 16mm film from 1975 to 1980 , and was blown up to 35mm in 1984 . The film 's action follows a group of young actors as they struggle to survive in L.A. and hang on to their artistic principles . Ed Harris and Paul `` Pee-wee Herman '' Reubens have since become well known actors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "353f8d3b4ae4c13786ceeaee8fcb208b", "text": "Wrecks Wrecks is a one-man play by Neil LaBute , that was commissioned and produced by the Everyman Palace Theatre in Cork , Ireland . The play was a part of the city 's Capital of Culture programme in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5566ab041f83b4679c5766e26ddae01", "text": "Farewell to the World Farewell to the World is a 1996 concert by rock group Crowded House . The concert was recorded on the outside footsteps of the famed Sydney Opera House as a charity event to raise funds for the Sydney Children 's Hospital . The event was originally scheduled to occur on the night of 23 November 1996 , however was delayed one day due to rain . The concert was to be the last that the group played as the group announced their dissolution months earlier . The concert attracted a crowd of greater than 100,000 people , with some estimates of 250,000 people in attendance . Since then , several concerts have been performed there such as the Mushroom Records anniversary celebration and every Australian Idol year finale dually uses the outdoor as well as the indoor of the Opera House . The concert was originally aired on Network Ten in Australia in November 1996 however this performance was incomplete as it did not include five songs performed from the concert due to time constraints . In December 1996 , the group released the concert on VHS which included some press coverage of the band 's breakup and the concert . The VHS version contained all of the same songs as the television version other than `` Weather with You , '' which was replaced by the fan favourite song `` Hole In the River . '' The CD and DVD of the concert were released in November 2006 as a ten-year anniversary of the original concert . These versions were remastered and the DVD included all previous footage from the VHS but also added an interview with Neil Finn by Jana Wendt on Channel Nine 's Sunday program . All of the songs were included on the DVD and CD release , including those omitted previously and the sound ( and , for DVD , picture ) was digitally remastered . The concert included many of Crowded House 's most famous hits and many fan favourites also . The supporting bands were Custard , You Am I and Powderfinger . Powderfinger released their performance also with selected versions of their album Internationalist . As the album was to be the final performance by the group , they called upon previous members Tim Finn and tour drummer Peter Jones to play for a small portion of the setlist . Drummer Paul Hester , though he had previously left the band while on tour , was considered a member of the band again for the performance , as he had been a member for the majority of the group 's tenure .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b74857a79815d6d3ad4b80b414317a60	Glenn Close was in neither plays nor musicals.	[ { "docid": "703a747a6dae130e145fec199767d40f", "text": "Glenn Close Glenn Close ( born March 19 , 1947 ) is an American actress , singer and film producer . With an acting career spanning over 40 years , she has been consistently acclaimed for her versatility and is widely regarded as one of the finest actresses of her generation . She has won three Emmy Awards , three Tony Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , and has received six Academy Award nominations . Close began her professional stage career in 1974 in Love for Love , and was mostly a New York stage actress through the rest of the 1970s and early 1980s , appearing in both plays and musicals , including the Broadway productions of Barnum in 1980 and The Real Thing in 1983 , for which she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . Her film debut was in The World According to Garp ( 1982 ) , which she followed up with supporting roles in The Big Chill ( 1983 ) and The Natural ( 1984 ) ; all three earned her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . She would later receive nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performances in Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , Dangerous Liaisons ( 1988 ) and Albert Nobbs ( 2011 ) . She won two more Tony Awards in the 1990s , for Death and the Maiden in 1992 and Sunset Boulevard in 1995 , while she won her first Emmy Award for the 1995 TV film Serving in Silence : The Margarethe Cammermeyer Story . She starred as Eleanor of Aquitaine in the 2003 TV film The Lion in Winter , winning a Golden Globe Award . In 2005 , she starred in the drama series The Shield . Then , from 2007 to 2012 , she starred as Patty Hewes in the FX drama series Damages , a role that won her a Golden Globe and two Emmys . She has voiced the character of Mona Simpson in the animated sitcom The Simpsons since 1995 . She returned to Broadway in November 2014 , in a revival of Edward Albee 's A Delicate Balance . Her other films include Jagged Edge ( 1985 ) , Hamlet ( 1990 ) , Reversal of Fortune ( 1990 ) , 101 Dalmatians ( 1996 ) , Paradise Road ( 1997 ) , Air Force One ( 1997 ) , Cookie 's Fortune ( 1999 ) , Heights ( 2005 ) , Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) and The Girl With All The Gifts ( 2016 ) . Close is a six-time Academy Award nominee , tying the record for being the actress with the most nominations never to have won ( along with Deborah Kerr and Thelma Ritter ) . As of 2016 , Close has more Oscar nominations without a win than any other living actor . In addition , she has been nominated for four Tonys ( three wins ) , fourteen Emmys ( three wins ) , thirteen Golden Globes ( two wins ) , two Drama Desk Awards ( one win ) and eight Screen Actors Guild Awards ( one win ) . She has also won an Obie award and has been nominated for three Grammy Awards and a BAFTA . Close has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and has been inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "49c95b95bf0615ead1ba706ef5cc51b1", "text": "Hello, Dolly! (film) Hello , Dolly ! is a 1969 American romantic comedy musical film based on the Broadway production of the same name . Directed by Gene Kelly and adapted and produced by Ernest Lehman , the cast includes Barbra Streisand , Walter Matthau , Michael Crawford , Danny Lockin , Tommy Tune , Fritz Feld , Marianne McAndrew , E. J. Peaker and Louis Armstrong ( whose recording of the title tune had become a number-one single in May 1964 ) . The film follows the story of Dolly Levi ( a strong-willed matchmaker ) , as she travels to Yonkers , New York , to find a match for the miserly `` well-known unmarried half-a-millionaire '' Horace Vandergelder . In doing so she convinces his niece , his niece 's intended , and Horace 's two clerks to travel to New York City . The film won three Oscars for Best Art Direction , Best Score of a Musical Picture , and Best Sound Mixing and was nominated for a further four Academy Awards , including Best Picture . Although the film eventually broke even , it was not a commercial success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8106a224701d709c1ec08f9f2b856c3e", "text": "By Jeeves By Jeeves , originally Jeeves , is a 1975 musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Alan Ayckbourn , based on the novels of P. G. Wodehouse . Jeeves is the original 1975 version , which opened on 22 April 1975 and closed on 24 May after 38 performances at Her Majesty 's Theatre , London . It is regarded as Andrew Lloyd Webber 's only real flop . By Jeeves is the rewritten 1996 version , which opened 1 May 1996 in London and due to success was extended to February 1997 , through three theatres . It premiered in the U.S. in 1996 and on Broadway in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5de881c4c114c4ce9e65afd138207c55", "text": "Jerico-Jim Crow Jerico-Jim Crow is a critically acclaimed 1964 musical , with a book written by Langston Hughes and William Hairston . It was a pioneering work in the urban contemporary gospel musical style , based on the themes of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States . According to Hughes scholar and biographer Arnold Rampersad , Hughes `` virtually pioneered '' the black gospel musical , first with Black Nativity ( 1961 ) and then with Jericho-Jim Crow Jerico-Jim Crow premiered on Sunday , January 5 , 1964 , at the Sanctuary Theatre , New York City . It was co-directed by Alvin Ailey and William Hairston and conducted by Hugh Porter , with Marion Joseph Franklin , Jr as associate musical director and musical accompanist , the musical was favorably reviewed in The New York Times by Richard F. Shepard , who said : `` This rousing production is an unabashedly sentimental and tuneful history of the Negro struggle up from slavery . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a346940efc5bccf5d497a8584a3fd626", "text": "Metropolis (musical) Metropolis is a musical based on the 1927 silent movie of the same name that was staged at the Piccadilly Theatre in London in 1989 . The music was written by Joe Brooks , the lyrics by Dusty Hughes . The show was directed by Jérôme Savary . The cast included Judy Kuhn , Brian Blessed , Graham Bickley , Jonathan Adams , Paul Keown and Stifyn Parri . The musical marked the London debut of Judy Kuhn , who left the show shortly before the end of its run to be replaced by Mary Lincoln . The production was notable for its set design by Ralph Koltai . After that time Joe Brooks worked with American Randy Bowser at editing the already finished musical . By 2002 they had created a more complete libretto to the show , and it was first produced at the Pentacle Theater in Salem , Oregon . The main changes between the silent film and the musical are name changes for many of the characters ( Joh Fredersen to John Freeman , Freder Fredersen to Steven , Rotwang to Warner , Hel to Helen ) , slightly different religious themes , a completely different ending , and a larger focus on the children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ad598e82cd6cfc0b8e0e5cc2711a421", "text": "Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean (play) Come Back to the Five and Dime , Jimmy Dean , Jimmy Dean is a 1976 play by Ed Graczyk , originally performed at the Players ' Theater in Columbus , Ohio . Despite the interpretation of the name in the title , it refers to the legendary `` Rebel Without a Cause '' , James Dean , as opposed to Jimmy Dean , the country-western singer who had a hit in 1961 with Big Bad John . The play , in fact , revolves around a James Dean fan club that reunites at a Texas five-and-dime store . In 1982 , filmmaker Robert Altman directed both a Broadway version at the Martin Beck Theater and a film adaptation of the same name . Altman 's version of the play was not well-received with critics at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56fc744096097406cf4972c9cf71bf4b", "text": "Nick & Nora Nick & Nora is a musical with a book by Arthur Laurents , lyrics by Richard Maltby , Jr. , and music by Charles Strouse . The plot involves witty and urbane high society couple Nick and Nora Charles , characters created by Dashiell Hammett in his novel The Thin Man , which inspired six films , a radio show , and a television series . In this version , the two are attempting to solve the murder of a bookkeeper on a film production in Hollywood . Crucially , the musical departs from the formula of previous incarnations , defined by the chemistry between Nick and Nora , by creating a subplot of marital woes and tensions between them . The show had a brief run of nine performances on Broadway in 1991 , and was remounted for the first and only time by San Francisco 's 42nd Street Moon in April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1fad7379f8100cf6c92360cae57bf29", "text": "List of fictional musicals A fictional musical or fictitious musical is a non-existent stage musical that was created specifically for ( i.e. within ) a work of fiction such as a novel , film , TV series , play or even an actual stage musical . Strictly , the term does not refer to actual musicals based on fiction ( i.e. as opposed to those based on real-life people or events ) but , rather , to imaginary musicals that do not actually exist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "264022851972f1af3321c70a07d5e461", "text": "Close to the Bone (Thompson Twins album) Close to the Bone is the sixth album by the British pop group Thompson Twins , and was released in March 1987 . Now only the duo of Tom Bailey and Alannah Currie remaining , this was the first album the Thompson Twins made without Joe Leeway . Produced by Bailey and Rupert Hine , the band commented that they wrote and recorded the album quickly , in an exercise to see how fast they could produce a complete LP . Ending their run of top 5 albums in the UK , the album was a commercial failure , peaking at number 90 on the UK album charts and failing to yield any hit singles . It fared a little better in the US , peaking at number 76 , with the single `` Get That Love '' peaking at number 31 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Although the original release of album remains out-of-print , the album was re-issued as part of the 2012 Thompson Twins set Original Album Classics , which featured the albums In the Name of Love , Quick Step and Side Kick , Into the Gap , Here 's to Future Days and Close to the Bone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33dbe547885696128b294389fca492e1", "text": "Louisiana Purchase (musical) Louisiana Purchase is a musical with music and lyrics by Irving Berlin and book by Morrie Ryskind based on a story by B. G. DeSylva . Set in New Orleans , the musical lightly satirises Louisiana Governor Huey Long and his control over Louisiana politics An honest U.S. senator travels to Louisiana to investigate corruption in the Louisiana Purchase Company ; the company 's lawyer attempts to divert him via the attentions of two beautiful women , but the senator maintains his integrity and ends up marrying one of them . In 1941 it was adapted for the film Louisiana Purchase directed by Irving Cummings . The show opened at the Shubert Brothers ' Imperial Theatre , New York City on May 28 , 1940 and ran for 444 performances . It was produced by Buddy De Sylva , who also wrote the story , and staged by Edgar MacGregor . The musical orchestrations were by Robert Emmett Dolan and N. Lang Van Cleve , with the ballets by George Balanchine and the musical staging and dances by Carl Randall . On June 19 , 1996 , a concert version with the complete score was recorded at Carnegie Hall ( 4 performances ) including 3 additional songs cut from the original album . **", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d233f2adea1b1a5381e2721e8ec727a", "text": "No Strings No Strings is a musical drama with a book by Samuel A. Taylor and words and music by Richard Rodgers , his only Broadway score for which he wrote both lyrics and music , and the first musical he composed after the death of his long-time collaborator Oscar Hammerstein II . The musical opened on Broadway in 1962 and ran for 580 performances . It received the nomination for Tony Award , Best Musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62d6bf59f03e61930ea5ed648418cecd", "text": "Him (play) Him is a 1995 play written by actor Christopher Walken , who also took the lead role and which debuted in the New York Shakespeare Festival . It revolved around the afterlife of Elvis Presley , the singer who , as the author himself turned 15 , became his first idol . The play , Walken 's first venture into playwriting , adopts a surreal tone , and is replete with references to aspects of Presley 's life , as well as to other pieces of theatre , including Hamlet and those of Tennessee Williams . While it enjoyed some positive comments , it was largely panned by the critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7edf40c04c99285584ae7f393107489", "text": "English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level . Its inaugural production ( 1986 ) was an anthology entitled The Henrys ( Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V ) which opened at the Theatre Royal , Plymouth in December 1986 . A year later , several more plays ( Richard II , Henry VI : House of Lancaster , Henry VI : House of York and Richard III ) were added to the original productions and were presented as a complete history cycle under the title of The Wars of the Roses . The production toured for two years in seventeen venues in the UK including the Old Vic in London , as well as appearing at several international venues , including the Hong Kong Festival , opening the new Tokyo Globe Theatre , being the centrepiece of The World Theatre Festival of Chicago , and touring to Stamford , Connecticut , the Spoleto Festival , Melbourne , the Adelaide Festival , Brisbane , The Netherlands , Hamburg , Berlin and Frankfurt . In addition to The Wars of the Roses , productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented . They included Twelfth Night , Macbeth , The Tempest , Romeo & Juliet , Antony and Cleopatra and As You Like It . The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET . indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19b190bce3bb86f308a7f7343a099710", "text": "Industrial musical An industrial musical is a musical performed internally for the employees or shareholders of a business , to create a feeling of being part of a team , to entertain , and/or to educate and motivate the management and salespeople to improve sales and profit . It can be used to increase staff awareness of public relations , advertising , marketing or corporate image . Other terms for industrial musicals include the corporate musical or industrial show , but the latter can also refer to trade shows , which are publicity events organized by businesses in a specific industry to promote their products to potential buyers . Industrial musicals are not restricted to corporations or to businesses involved in industry . They should not be confused with industrial music , or with musicals produced by businesses to be seen by the general public , for example , Disney 's stage production of The Lion King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc30f26fb95495da09ef987af679ab45", "text": "Dance a Little Closer Dance a Little Closer is a musical with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Charles Strouse . The story is an updated version of Robert E. Sherwood 's 1936 antiwar comedy Idiot 's Delight '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30bfddc8df905a4052ae484f1dc35215", "text": "The Closer (1998 TV series) The Closer is an American television sitcom that aired on CBS for 10 episodes in 1998 . The show starred Tom Selleck as a successful advertising agency executive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ef0d3281a2617c0c6032cfb12bfcee0", "text": "Glenn Osser Abraham `` Glenn '' Osser ( August 28 , 1914 -- April 29 , 2014 ) was an American musician , musical arranger , orchestra leader , and songwriter . His birthname was Abraham ( Abe ) , but much of his work was under the name Glenn ; he can be found with references under both names . He also worked under a number of other names : Arthur Meisel , Bob Marvel , Maurice Pierre , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80a5156ecca72956018d5b5fb1c3fecd", "text": "Juno (musical) Juno is a musical with music and lyrics by Marc Blitzstein and book by Joseph Stein , based closely on the 1924 play Juno and the Paycock by Seán O'Casey . The story centers on the disintegration of an Irish family in Dublin in the early 1920s , during the Irish War of Independence . Juno is a hardworking matriarch who strives to hold her family together in the face of war , betrayal , and her worthless husband 's drinking . The original production opened on Broadway in 1959 and closed after only 16 performances . Its somber tone did not please the critics , who were disappointed that its stars , particularly Shirley Booth , did not have an opportunity to play comedy . The score and original cast album have found some praise . Several revivals have been staged , but none has met with great success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a8b740b20305355946bac11683ae022", "text": "Theatre Guild The Theatre Guild is a theatrical society founded in New York City in 1918 by Lawrence Langner , Philip Moeller , Helen Westley and Theresa Helburn . Langner 's wife , Armina Marshall , then served as a co-director . It evolved out of the work of the Washington Square Players . Its original purpose was to produce non-commercial works by American and foreign playwrights . It differed from other theaters at the time in that its board of directors shared the responsibility of choosing plays , management , and production . The Theatre Guild contributed greatly to the success of Broadway from the 1920s throughout the 1970s . The Guild has produced a total of 228 plays on Broadway , including 18 by George Bernard Shaw and seven by Eugene O'Neill . Other major playwrights introduced to theatre-going Americans include Robert E. Sherwood , Maxwell Anderson , Sidney Howard , William Saroyan , and Philip Barry . In the field of musical theatre , the Guild has promoted works by Richard Rodgers , teamed with both Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II , George and Ira Gershwin , Jule Styne , and Meredith Willson , all of which have become classics . Under President John F. Kennedy , the Guild was engaged to assemble a U.S. theatre company , headed by Helen Hayes , to tour the capitals of Europe and South America with works by Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , and William Gibson . In 1968 , the Guild became involved in the travel field by taking 25 of its subscribers to European capitals to see plays . In 1975 , it instituted its Theatre At Sea program with a 17-day cruise aboard the Rotterdam with Hayes and Cyril Ritchard . Since then they have hosted more than thirty cruises , each with seven or eight performers . Among them have been Alan Arkin , Zoe Caldwell , Anne Jackson , Cherry Jones , Richard Kiley , Eartha Kitt , Patricia Neal , Lynn Redgrave , Gena Rowlands , Jean Stapleton , Eli Wallach , and Lee Roy Reams , who served as the program 's resident director . The last Broadway play produced by The Theatre Guild was State Fair in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df8cdbcd549d4a5e96a40a8cd8d3c5", "text": "Theatre World Theatre World is the only ( first published in 1945 ) , comprehensive , annual pictorial and statistical record of American theatre in print publication , including Broadway , Off-Broadway , Off-Off-Broadway , and regional theatre , as well as a complete national theatrical awards section and obituaries . Including over 750 photographs , it is the definitive pictorial and statistical reference to each American theatrical season , and is referenced daily by industry professionals , students , historians , and theatre fans worldwide . Until 1998 , the Theatre World editorial staff administered the Theatre World Awards for Outstanding Broadway and off-Broadway debuts . First under the supervision of Theatre World founder Daniel Blum and then under John Willis , who took over the production of the Awards following Blum 's death in 1964 , the Theatre World Awards were first given to those recipients considered `` Promising Personalities . '' In 1998 , the Theatre World Awards were incorporated as a 501 ( c ) 3 nonprofit organization and are currently overseen by a board of directors independent of `` Theatre World . '' Theatre World is the recipient of a 2001 Tony Honor for Excellence in Theatre , presented by the American Theatre Wing , and on behalf of the publication , longtime editor-in-chief John Willis ( 1916-2010 ) accepted honors including the first Special Lucille Lortel Award , a Special Drama Desk Award , and the Broadway Theatre Institute ( now The Theatre Museum ) Lifetime Achievement Award . Theatre World is published annually by Theatre World Media and distributed by Applause Theatre and Cinema Books . The permanent editorial staff currently consists of Ben Hodges , editor in chief , and coeditor Scott Denny . Current editorial staff includes Adam Feldman of Time Out New York ( Broadway ) , Linda Buchwald TDF Stages ( Off-Broadway ) , Shay Gines New York Innovative Theatre Awards ( Off-Off-Broadway ) , and Diep Tran American Theatre Magazine ( Regional theatre ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2178a9472189e3ccae97d62607be9b42", "text": "Anything Goes Anything Goes is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter . The original book was a collaborative effort by Guy Bolton and P.G. Wodehouse , heavily revised by the team of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse . The story concerns madcap antics aboard an ocean liner bound from New York to London . Billy Crocker is a stowaway in love with heiress Hope Harcourt , who is engaged to Lord Evelyn Oakleigh . Nightclub singer Reno Sweeney and Public Enemy # 13 Moonface Martin aid Billy in his quest to win Hope . The musical introduced such songs as `` Anything Goes '' , `` You 're the Top '' , and `` I Get a Kick Out of You . '' Since its 1934 debut at the Alvin Theatre ( now known as the Neil Simon Theatre ) on Broadway , the musical has been revived several times in the United States and Britain and has been filmed twice . The musical has long been a popular choice for school and community productions .", "title": "" } ]	fever
12495025602ec7df72260d786f00989c	J.Lo (album) includes the 2001 song Play.	[ { "docid": "4b7f72cd57b429af9f8bc3ad76065cc1", "text": "J.Lo (album) J.Lo is the second studio album and most successful album to date by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez . It was released on January 23 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Preceding the release for the follow-up of her commercially successful debut album On the 6 ( 1999 ) . On this album , Lopez had more creative control over J.Lo . Its title refers to the nickname her fans gave her , and she described it as a homage to her supporters . Lopez began recording the album under the working title ` The Passionate Journey '' ' , writing lyrics that focused on her own personal experiences . For the album , she hired producers such as Cory Rooney , Troy Oliver , Dan Shea and Sean Combs , ( her boyfriend at the time ) , all of whom contributed to her first album . Musically , J.Lo is a pop album , which also encompasses genres such as R&B , Latin pop , retro and dance-pop . It was considered more daring than On the 6 , including more explicit language and provocative lyrics about sex ; it also deals with themes of empowerment and relationships . Upon its release , the album received mixed reviews from music critics , who criticized its manufactured sound , although some praised its Spanish songs and dance material . Commercially , J.Lo became Lopez 's most successful album . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , on the same week as her film The Wedding Planner '' , opened at the top of the domestic box office , making her the first entertainer to have both a number one film and album simultaneously . The album was certified quadruple platinum in the United States , and became the sixth best-selling album of the year worldwide . `` Love Do n't Cost a Thing '' was released as the album 's lead single on December 2 , 2000 , which reached the top five in the United States and number one in United Kingdom . The album 's second single , `` Play '' ( released on March 27 , 2001 ) , reached the top twenty in most countries and top five in United Kingdom . The Latin pop song , titled `` Ai n't It Funny '' was released as the album 's third single on June 20 , 2001 . `` I 'm Real '' was serviced to radio as the album 's fourth and final single on September 4 , 2001 . To further its success , record executives at Epic recruited Ja Rule of Murder Inc Records , who is popular in the Urban market , to create a remix of the song , `` I 'm Real ( Murder Remix ) '' . The remix , which featured Ja Rule , shifted Lopez 's personal style from pop to a more hip-hop and urban-oriented sound . It was the number one song in the United States at the time of the September 11 attacks for 5 non-consecutive weeks .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e9aceb1a1788fdcab37eb05e6442b6c", "text": "Thuggin' Under the Influence (T.U.I.) Thuggin ' Under the Influence ( T.U.I. ) is the first independent album by American rapper Young Jeezy ( under the initial name `` Lil ' J '' ) . It was released on August 31 , 2001 , by his independent record label , called Corporate Thugz ( CTE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e77009886be1c0291cecf50c9ec0334f", "text": "Sugar Rush (A-Teens song) Sugar Rush was A-Teens ' third single from their second album Teen Spirit . The song was released on radio in April 2001 and the video in May 2001 but failed to get the public 's attention around Europe . However , the song was a hit in Latin America and Asia , and the video was often played in North America where it was nominated for `` Best Video of the Year '' at the Kids Choice Awards in 2001 but lost to 'N Sync 's `` Pop '' . The single release had a B-side , `` Give it Up '' that was later included on the album 's re-issue . `` Sugar Rush '' peaked at number 15 in Sweden and number 72 in Germany becoming ( at that time ) the lowest chart positions for the A-Teens in both countries . Mexican radio embraced the track and it reached number-two on its fifth week in the Top 100 , while in Argentina the band scored another Top 20 when it climbed to number 11 . Several remixes of the song were added to dance compilations in Europe , Asia and Latin America . The song was also recorded by the American pop boy-band Dream Street and was released in July 2001 on their debut album , `` Dream Street , '' only two months following the radio release of the A * Teens version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ca5f768fe7277cb3b312d439e50df25", "text": "Crip Hop Crip Hop is the fourth album by rapper Jayo Felony . The album was released on October 23 , 2001 for the American Music Corporation and was produced by DJ Battlecat and DJ Silk . The album was an improvement over his last album , Underground , making it to # 53 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop album chart and # 10 on the Top Independent album chart and featuring the hit single `` She Loves Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c440301636c45301777e605c2bcc9285", "text": "Blowin' Up Blowin ' Up is a comedic reality show on MTV . The show stars Jamie Kennedy , an actor who follows his dream of becoming a successful rapper . The show was written by Kennedy after the success of the movie Malibu 's Most Wanted , which he starred in . Along for the ride is his close friend Stu Stone , who keeps Jamie in check to stick to their rap career . Throughout the show there are various celebrity appearances . From the beginning , Jamie expresses his dislike for fellow actor Jason Biggs ( notable is the fact Biggs and Kennedy both appeared in Kevin Smith 's 2001 film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back ) . Jamie and Stu also encounter many different rappers during the season , including Mike Jones , Ice-T , and a performance with the Three 6 Mafia . Jamie and Stu also try to recruit special guests on their album , getting Bob Saget formerly of the TV show Full House . The song was titled `` Rollin ' with Saget . '' Robin Sloan Bechtel , an executive at Warner Bros. . Records discovered Jamie Kennedy and Stu Stone 's music on MySpace before the MTV show was greenlit . When she met with Kennedy and Stone , they all discussed pitching a show that would tell the story of their rap ventures . After MTV greenlit the show , Bechtel signed the duo and starred in their show . An album featuring the tracks recorded during the filming of Blowin ' Up , sharing a title of the same name , was released on July 11 , 2006 . Some of the songs include `` Circle Circle Dot Dot , '' `` Rollin ' With Saget , '' `` 1984 , '' and `` Crooked Stick . '' In the early popularity of YouTube , a fan created a lego inspired video for Circle Circle Dot Dot that hit the homepage of YouTube and Perezhilton.com which catapulted the video to # 1 status on YouTube . Circle Circle Dot Dot then became an internet phenomenon and was a # 1 ringtone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063d5c301d518ca044785b16bf38f921", "text": "Superhero (Brian McKnight album) Superhero is the 5th album by Brian McKnight released on August 28 , 2001 . It is the sixth studio album of his career . McKnight recorded this album to showcase his many musical influences and give listeners a glimpse into the past year of his life . Superhero mixes McKnight 's usual R&B style with a touch of rock and roll and rap . Featured guests include Justin Timberlake , Nate Dogg , Fred Hammond , and the St. Lunatics . Superhero debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 albums chart , moving 153,000 units in its first week . On October 24 , 2001 , the album was certified Gold by the RIAA . In 2002 , three singles off of the album were nominated for four Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd", "text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "667bce291d9b79a42a767413865bac71", "text": "Into the Rush Into the Rush is the debut studio album by American teen pop rock duo Aly & AJ.The album was released on August 16 , 2005 by Disney-owned label Hollywood Records . The album features 14 tracks including the singles `` Rush '' and `` Do You Believe in Magic '' . A deluxe edition of the album was released on August 8 , 2006 , featuring three all new songs , two new mixes of previous songs and a bonus DVD . The album generally received positive reviews from critics and became a commercial success , Into the Rush had sold over 808,000 copies by December 2007 and was certified Gold for sales over 500,000 copies on March 20 , 2006 . The album sold 1,000,000 copies worldwide . The album , combined with the sales of the Deluxe Edition , became one of the top best-selling albums in the United States in 2006 , Into the Rush was # 112 on Billboard 200 Albums end-of-year charts of 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b4b893dbe01eff711cb1630b6a33a1e", "text": "Lollipop (Lil Wayne song) `` Lollipop '' is the first single from American rapper Lil Wayne 's sixth studio album , Tha Carter III . The track features American singer Static Major and is produced by Deezle and Jim Jonsin . It heavily utilizes the Auto-Tune vocal effect . The song was released digitally on March 13 , 2008 . `` Lollipop '' is Lil Wayne 's and Static Major 's most successful to date , spending five non-consecutive weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100 chart . Static Major died two weeks before the release of the song , making the song the eighth to hit number one after the death of a credited artist . There are various versions of the song . The single was certified 5x Platinum by the RIAA for selling five million units in the United States and was ranked the number one hip hop song of 2008 by MTV . The song reached number one on the 2008 issue of Notarized by BET . The song was ranked at number five on Rolling Stones list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008 . With 9.1 million copies sold as of January 2009 , `` Lollipop '' was named 2008 's best-selling digital single worldwide by IFPI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4be91c2e691f79c6cc4b172cb613ced9", "text": "2001 Radio Disney Music Awards The 2001 Radio Disney Music Awards were held on December 23 , 2001 , at the Radio Disney , studios . It was the first edition of the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c30c2eac7aa91aaa4a6236e97636ba27", "text": "All the Things I Should Have Known `` All The Things I Should Have Known '' is a song by American R&B duo K-Ci & JoJo . It was released in 2001 as the second single from their third studio album X.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfd144319785522649d0769defead99", "text": "Invincible (Michael Jackson album) Invincible is the final studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson , released on October 30 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Similar to Jackson 's previous material , Invincible explores themes such as love , romance , isolation , media criticism , and social issues . It was his sixth studio album released through Epic label . An extensive and laborious album to make , Jackson started production in 1997 , and did not finish until eight weeks before the album 's October 2001 release . Jackson recorded in over 10 different studios , and the final cost was over thirty million dollars . Combined with twenty five million toward the cost of promoting the album , Invincible is the most expensive album ever made . The album peaked at number one in eleven territories worldwide , including the United States ( with first-week sales of 363,000 units ) , the United Kingdom , Australia , France and Switzerland . Invincible charted within the top ten in six other territories . Upon release , the album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics . Invincible was one of the best-selling of 2001 , being ranked at # 9 on the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 's ( IFPI ) Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db5458dd4e7e04de7fbe25d4de567b18", "text": "Asia 2001 Asia 2001 is a goa trance music project from France . Behind Asia 2001 is Gilbert Thevenet AKA Martin Cooper , a known pioneer on the electronic scene . Asia 2001 's style is melodic trance , and he aims to produce strong , atmospheric music . Martin Cooper is also known as Loren-X , and had in the past released albums on R&S , Polygram , F-Com and Distance . Martin Cooper established Trans Pact Productions in 1992 with his wife Thaisha . Trans Pact has released numerous singles and albums , including Spectral 's ` Trance O 10 C ' , which was followed by the release `` Goa Exit '' , Transwave 's first single . Asia 2001 collaborated with DJ Anti ( Spiral Trax ) in 1995 and produced the first Toires album in 1996 . The breakthrough came with the release ` Lunar Attraction ' on the label Koyote . In 1997 , Asia 2001 was signed to Avatar Records and released the albums ` Ama Zone ' and ` Dreamland ' . Both albums were licensed by Sony Music in South East Asia . In 2001 , Asia 2001 released a 12-inch EP ` X-Ray ' , followed by the album ` Abduction ' . The album ` Amnesia ' ( double CD ) was released in 2005 . The album includes re-mastered rare works and singles . Asia 2001 has performed live all over Europe , including Berlin 's Love Parade , Israel , USA and Canada . He played in New York 's legendary clubs like the Limelight and Tunnel , with appearances and stage sharing with leading artists including Carl Cox , Robert Leiner , Laurent Garnier , Jeff Miles and Jennifer Lopez .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "374b88a421315ea057182c02c2fbc995", "text": "Boogie 2nite `` Boogie 2nite '' is an R&B -- dance-pop song written by American singer-songwriter Tweet , Nisan Stewart , and John `` Jubu '' Smith for Tweet 's debut album , Southern Hummingbird ( 2002 ) . No music video for the song was shot as it went for promo only . The commercial release was originally set for December 2 , 2002 in the United Kingdom , but due to lack of airplay and the fact there was no video for the song , the single was canceled . The song was featured on the soundtrack to the 2002 film The Transporter . In February 2010 , unseen footage of the cancelled music video leaked via internet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69ad746d29fa4569e1a2fe79e087f0ed", "text": "Sugar Ray (album) Sugar Ray is the self-titled fourth studio album by the band Sugar Ray . The album was released on June 12 , 2001 , and debuted at number 6 on the Billboard 200 chart , and eventually went gold . The album 's first single , `` When It 's Over '' , performed well on pop and rock charts as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f81c8329eaa63486e815ea5a781a55a", "text": "Booty Call (soundtrack) Booty Call is the soundtrack to the 1997 film of the same name . It was released on February 25 , 1997 through Jive Records and consisted of a blend of contemporary R&B and hip hop . The soundtrack was a success , peaking at 24 on the Billboard 200 and 4 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . It was first certified Gold on April 28 , 1997 , before earning a Platinum certification on November 18 , 1998 . Three singles also made it to the charts , `` Call Me '' by Too Short and Lil ' Kim , `` Can We '' by SWV featuring Missy Elliott , and `` Do n't Wan na Be a Player '' by Joe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81cff53b6833252bcfdc41e8b159de90", "text": "This Is Regina! This Is Regina ! is the sixth studio album by singer-songwriter Regina Belle , and was released October 23 , 2001 on Peak Records . The album peaked at # 61 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and # 26 on the Top Independent Albums chart . The album 's first and only single , `` Oooh Boy '' , peaked at # 68 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart and # 64 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Airplay chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fc02fbcc4bc959f4ee3adf65cff5d64", "text": "Loca (Shakira song) `` Loca '' ( `` Crazy '' ) is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , taken from her seventh studio album , Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) . It was released by Epic Records as the lead single from the album . The Spanish-language version features Dominican rapper El Cata , and was released on 10 September 2010 , while the English-language version features British rapper Dizzee Rascal , and was released on 13 September 2010 . It was written and produced by Shakira , with additional songwriting from Edward Bello , Armando Pérez , and Dylan Mills . The song is a Latin pop and merengue track that lyrically describes Shakira 's eccentric infatuation with a man . In August 2014 , a senior US district judge found `` Loca '' to have been indirectly plagiarised from `` Loca con su Tiguere '' , a mid-1990s song composed by Dominican songwriter Ramon `` Arias '' Vasquez . The case was dismissed in August 2015 after it was found that Vasquez had fabricated the evidence he had presented in court . Upon its release , `` Loca '' received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who complimented the inclusion of merengue music on the recording . The English version of the song became a worldwide commercial success and peaked inside the top five of the record charts of countries including Austria , Belgium , France , Hungary and Italy . The Spanish version peaked atop the charts of Spain and Switzerland , and became a hit on the Latin record charts in the United States , topping the Billboard Hot Latin Songs , Latin Pop Airplay , and Tropical Songs charts . `` Loca '' received record certifications in various countries around the world , including a diamond certification in Colombia and multi-platinum certifications in Italy , Mexico , and Spain . Its accompanying music video was filmed in Barcelona , Spain in August 2010 , and was released the following month . It features Shakira interacting with a beach crowd , and dancing in front of the sea wearing a golden bikini . It generated a favourable response from critics , many of whom praised its concept for matching the vibe of the song . For additional promotion , Shakira performed `` Loca '' on several television shows and on her The Sun Comes Out World Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9484e40d91d550426931a2e4cb8a83f", "text": "Play On (Carrie Underwood album) Play On is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood . It was released in the United States on November 3 , 2009 , through Arista Nashville . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 318,000 copies , which was rated as the highest first-week sales for a female artist in 2009 upon release . It is her second album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 , and her third to debut atop the Billboard Top Country Albums chart . As of October 2016 , the album has been certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA , Platinum by the CRIA and Gold by the ARIA . Play On has since sold over three million copies worldwide . The album spawned three consecutive Billboard Hot Country Songs number one singles -- `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' and `` Undo It '' , all of which certified Multi-Platinum or Platinum by the RIAA . The fourth single , `` Mama 's Song '' , reached number two on the chart and received a Gold certification from the RIAA . `` Cowboy Casanova '' achieved one of the biggest single-week upwards on the Billboard Hot 100 of all time , when it climbed 96-11 in its second week . `` Temporary Home '' and `` Mama 's Song '' were both nominated for Grammy Awards , while Play On was nominated for Album of the Year at both the 2010 Academy of Country Music Awards and Country Music Association Awards , and won Favorite Country Album at the 2010 American Music Awards .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1ea360d04972dabd8d1f27760e3329ca	David Carradine's career spanned 40 years.	[ { "docid": "8218689443ce5fe20795428b93f340cc", "text": "David Carradine David Carradine ( born John Arthur Carradine ; December 8 , 1936 -- June 3 , 2009 ) was an American actor and martial artist . He was known for his leading role as a peace-loving Shaolin monk , Kwai Chang Caine , in the 1970s television series Kung Fu . He was also known for playing Frankenstein in the original Death Race movie and Bill in both Kill Bill films . He was a member of an acting family that began with his father , John Carradine . Carradine 's acting career , which included major and minor roles on stage and television , and in cinema , spanned over four decades . A prolific `` B '' movie actor , he appeared in more than 100 feature films in career spanning over sixty years . He was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards , for projects such as the television series Kung Fu ( 1972 -- 1975 ) , the Woody Guthrie biopic Bound for Glory ( 1976 ) and the miniseries North and South ( 1985 ) . His final nomination came in the category of Best Supporting Actor for portraying the titular character in Quentin Tarantino 's Kill Bill : Volume 2 ( 2004 ) . Films that featured Carradine continued to be released after his death . These posthumous credits were from a variety of genres including action , documentaries , drama , horror , martial arts , science fiction , and westerns . In addition to his acting career , Carradine was a director and musician . Moreover , influenced by his most popular acting role , he studied martial arts . He was sometimes arrested and prosecuted for a variety of offenses , which often involved substance abuse . He died on June 3 , 2009 , in a hotel room in Bangkok , Thailand from auto-erotic asphyxiation .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fc3c3a6d6a10dfce8a01fd9ef15dceee", "text": "David Selby David Lynn Selby ( born February 5 , 1941 ) is an American film , television and stage actor . He is most well known for playing Quentin Collins in the daytime soap opera Dark Shadows ( 1969 -- 71 ) , and Richard Channing in the prime-time soap opera Falcon Crest ( 1982 -- 90 ) . Selby has also had prominent roles in the television show Flamingo Road ( 1981 -- 82 ) , and the feature film Raise the Titanic ( 1980 ) . Also a published writer , Selby has written several books including novels , memoirs , and collections of poetry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70b5684a444d038e0e6d222e01cf1ced", "text": "Pat Marsden Patrick Francis Marsden ( November 8 , 1936 -- April 27 , 2006 ) was a Canadian sportscaster and voice of the Canadian Football League play-by-play coverage in the 1970s and 1980s . He also worked as host for the historic 1972 Canada-Soviet Union hockey Summit Series sports telecasts . He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1989 . Marsden was born in Ottawa and attended St. Patrick 's High School and the University of Ottawa , where he started his sportscasting career at local station CKOY . He later became sports director at CFTO in Toronto , and became immersed in all local and national sporting events . He even appeared as `` John Marsden '' in an episode of Bizarre ( filmed at CFTO ) , in a Super Dave Osborne stunt at Toronto 's CN Tower . Fired in 1986 after a physical altercation with his boss Ted Stuebing , Marsden then was hired by his CTV football broadcasting partner Bill Stephenson at CFRB , went to TSN , and later surfaced at The Fan 590 . After helping to rebuild and essentially help create the image for The Fan 590 , he retired in 2004 . Marsden spent most of his time in Florida due to what he felt was the socialization of Canadian society , but he continued to maintain a home in Toronto . He returned in 1996 to live in Toronto with his family joining him and died of lung cancer on April 27 , 2006 , aged 69 , at Sunnybrook and Women 's College Health Sciences Centre . He is survived by his wife Terryanne ( Terry Marsden , former broadcaster with CTV , host of `` Toronto Today '' 1982 to 1990 ) and their children Taylor and Connor . Also survived by ( ex-wife Barbara ) and Pat 's children from his first marriage ( Mike , Patti-Lee , and Ruth Mary ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b", "text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47eeb9cf4346873d9ea824868692c2ab", "text": "Cinema 16 Cinema 16 was a New York City-based film society founded by Amos Vogel . From 1947 until 1963 , he and his wife Marcia ran the most successful and influential membership film society in North American history , at its height boasting 7000 members . Vogel was inspired by Maya Deren 's independent exhibitions . Deren exhibited and presented lectures on her films across the United States , Cuba and Canada . In 1946 , she booked the Provincetown Playhouse in Greenwich Village for a public exhibition titled Three Abandoned Films , which consisted of showings of Meshes of the Afternoon , At Land , and A Study in Choreography for the Camera . Deren took the word `` abandoned '' to refer to Guillaume Apollinaire 's observation that a work of art is never completed , just abandoned . While the title was ironic , the exhibition was successful . The movies shown at Cinema 16 consisted mostly of the experimental film that began flourishing after World War II , as well as nonfiction films -- not only documentaries , but educational films as well . In that , it differed even from the narrative-oriented art cinemas that appeared in the postwar years . Cinema 16 closed in 1963 , after 17 years in operation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf1784ed8692cc632b5e5eec87b6423d", "text": "Pierre David Pierre David ( born May 17 , 1944 ) is a Canadian film producer and film financier . David is best known for executive-producing iconic films directed by David Cronenberg , such as Scanners , Videodrome , and The Brood . He is also credited as `` production executive '' on the Academy Award-winning film Platoon , directed by Oliver Stone . He has since produced dozens of independent films , mainly in the thriller genre , and is still actively producing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe2d90c68cd11f4235d5997f924c8039", "text": "Daniel Mendaille Daniel Mendaille ( 27 November 1885 - 17 May 1963 ) was a French stage and film actor whose career spanned nearly sixty years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37fc246ad14b06cfe5ceb0620a118c1c", "text": "Howard Freeman Howard Freeman ( December 9 , 1899 -- December 11 , 1967 ) was an American stage actor of the early 20th century , and film and television actor of the 1940s through the 1960s . Freeman was born in Helena , Montana , and began working as a stage actor in his 20s . He did not enter the film industry until he was over 40 , in 1942 , when he played a small uncredited role in Inflation . Despite his late start in film acting , Freeman would build himself a fairly substantial career in that field that would last over twenty three years . From 1943 onward he worked on a regular basis , sometimes in uncredited roles , but more often than not in small but credited bit or supporting parts . He appeared in ten films in 1943 , and another eighteen from 1944 through 1945 . In 1946 Freeman would appear in twelve films , the most notable of which was his first film of that year , Abilene Town , starring Randolph Scott and Lloyd Bridges , and California , starring Barbara Stanwyck and Ray Milland . From 1947 through 1950 Freeman appeared in twenty films , and in 1951 he began appearing on numerous television series , which would be his main acting roles for the remainder of his career , lasting into 1965 . He appeared in three episodes of Studio One , along with many other TV series , including Car 54 , Where Are You ? and Route 66 . He retired from film and television acting in 1965 , and settled into retirement in New York City , where he was living at the time of his death on December 11 , 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9d5194ad1b9c6050faca19ce42d10f7", "text": "The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time The following are the `` Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time '' according to the worldwide opinion polls conducted by Sight & Sound and published in the journal 's September 2012 issue . They published the critics ' list , based on 846 critics , programmers , academics , and distributors , and the directors ' list , based on 358 directors and filmmakers . Sight & Sound , published by the British Film Institute , has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdcd201f02f5ce3b46a9bf583e902744", "text": "Chris Sandford Christopher Duke Sandford ( born 6 June 1939 ) is a British actor . He appeared in more than fifty films since 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b454573028840571611976ae9df969a8", "text": "The Great Moment (1944 film) The Great Moment is a 1944 biographical film written and directed by Preston Sturges . Based on the book Triumph Over Pain ( 1940 ) by René Fülöp-Miller , it tells the story of Dr. William Thomas Green Morton , a 19th-century Boston dentist who discovered the use of ether for general anesthesia . The film stars Joel McCrea and Betty Field , and features Harry Carey , William Demarest , Franklin Pangborn and Porter Hall . The movie was filmed in 1942 but not released for over two years , and the released version differed from what Preston Sturges had wished , although he publicly accepted the film as his own . Paramount Pictures disliked the film Sturges had made , and pulled it from his control , re-titled and re-edited it , in the process making it ( especially in the early segment ) more confusing for the audience to understand . The studio 's released version was marketed in a way that made it appear to be one of Sturges ' comedies . The film was not well received by the critics or the public , and marked the end of a sustained run of success for Sturges , who had already left Paramount by the time the film was released . Although rarely seen today , the film is worth viewing for its flashback structure -- comparable in some ways to Citizen Kane , which was influenced by the earlier film The Power and the Glory , for which Sturges wrote the screenplay -- and for its irreverent and subtly satirical tone , unusual for a time when most Hollywood biopics were over-inflated and sentimental . In 2003 a medical-dental historian in a lengthy analysis of the movie and its history -- which cited its flashback structure , timeless subject , injections of humor , and `` un-Pasteur-like '' treatment of its protagonist , while adhering reasonably well to the historical record -- concluded that `` The Great Moment may now be due for a general reevaluation by movie historians and critics who , like most folks , have never felt much affection for dentists past and present . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffc2df1389dc4036112c722aa1cdf2f3", "text": "The Moderns The Moderns is a 1988 film by Alan Rudolph , which takes place in 1926 Paris during the period of the Lost Generation and at the height of modernist literature . The film stars Keith Carradine , Linda Fiorentino and John Lone among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca9ffbf508225055c2a7271d3cfc8784", "text": "David Carr (journalist) David Michael Carr ( September 8 , 1956 February 12 , 2015 ) was an American writer , columnist , and author . He wrote the Media Equation column and covered culture for The New York Times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "979996be2f024a91371a2151f585949f", "text": "The Colgate Sports Newsreel The Colgate Sports Newsreel was a radio program focusing on sports . It has been called `` one of the most successful and most listened-to shows in radio history '' and `` one of radio broadcasting 's most entertaining and engaging programs . '' However , much of the information reported as fact was actually fiction . The program was first broadcast in October 1939 , on NBC Blue . Although Colgate dropped its sponsorship in June 1951 , the show continued on NBC as Bill Stern 's Sports Newsreel through September 1953 . It then switched to ABC , where it ran until June 1956 . During World War II , the Newsreel was among the programs that NBC rebroadcast by transcription to members of the United States armed forces stationed abroad . Bill Stern , the star , made the program memorable with his enthusiastic , dramatized delivery . He was already both the narrator of MGM 's News of the Day newsreels , and a sports announcer . Thus , the format of this program came naturally . For most of its run , the show was sponsored by Colgate brushless shave cream . The opening theme `` was sung in barbershop quartet style to the tune of Mademoiselle from Armentieres '' and mentioned the sponsoring product prominently . Although the singing group was not named in the program , a news brief announcing the show 's launch in 1939 identified it as the Armchair Quartette . The theme 's lyrics varied a bit over the years , but the basic form was as follows : Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man is on the air . Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man with stories rare . Take his advice and you 'll look keen . You 'll get a shave that 's smooth and clean . You 'll be a Colgate brushless fan . From September 14 , 1953 , through December 10 , 1954 , Budweiser sponsored the program . Its final sponsor was Allstate , from December 13 , 1954 through June 22 , 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f37a731414eb07af6497d741923635f8", "text": "Deathsport Deathsport is a 1978 science fiction B-movie produced by Roger Corman , directed by Allan Arkush and Nicholas Niciphor . The film stars David Carradine and Playboy Playmate Claudia Jennings . It would also be one of Jennings ' final movies before her death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3722301fe86dd9b5044bfd55b93192ac", "text": "Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' . Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event . Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge . There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act . The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck . In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e39dec61de65b73756148976fdefb4bc", "text": "David Norman (businessman) David Mark Norman ( born 30 January 1941 ) is an English management consultant and businessman , from a prominent City dynasty , now retired from executive positions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca2003098706488cbe11fae41b47d4c0", "text": "Paul Drane Paul Drane is an Australian television producer-director . He was initially known as studio director of the Australian TV pop show Countdown from 1975 to 1977 . During this period , he directed several music videos ( promotional film clips ) made especially for Countdown , including the original clips for the AC/DC hits `` It 's a Long Way to the Top '' and `` Jailbreak '' . His innovative and award-winning Countdown video for Supernaut 's `` I Like It Both Ways '' gave viewers an early taste of visual effects in music videos . These were achieved without the benefit of ( yet to be invented ) high end CGI , but improvised with clever use of video feed-back by pointing the cameras at monitors to create wildly looping , distortion effects . With its blend of live action and 2D visual imagery , the award-winning video was an early glimpse of the rapid advances that lay ahead . In addition to the Countdown live performances , Drane independently produced and directed many Australian music videos during the 70s ( Skyhooks , John Paul Young , Cold Chisel , Little River Band , Marcia Hines ) and full concerts from local and international artists . In 1978 he produced and directed the independent music documentary , ` Australian Music to the World ' , based on the original radio series by Vince Lovegrove . Filmed worldwide , the program featured interviews and performances by artists including AC/DC ( live in Atlanta ) , Peter Allen , Helen Reddy and Little River Band . The following year Drane produced and directed the documentary special ` The Prophecies of Nostradamus ' for Australian television network Seven . Hosted by actor , John Waters , the program set a ratings record , with unprecedented reaction the following day , prompting the network to schedule a repeat run two weeks later . This program was sold to Warner Bros in the United States in 1980 . Repackaged for worldwide release , it was hosted by Orson Welles and titled ` The Man Who Saw Tomorrow ' . Throughout his lengthy career Paul Drane has maintained his passion for music , and in particular live music on television . This has given rise to classic televised concerts from artists including Split Enz , INXS , and Paul Kelly , and iconic musical moments such as Stevie Wright 's ` Evie ' at the Sydney Opera House . Since 2005 Drane has directed RocKwiz for SBS One and continues to make music videos and television content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6d1dcb5d12edfc94c0381a80a3b5b37", "text": "Life Begins at 40 (song) `` Life Begins at 40 '' is a song by John Lennon . It was written in 1980 , the year that both Lennon and Ringo Starr turned 40 years of age . Lennon recorded a demo of the song at his home , but it was not recorded at any of the sessions for his comeback album , Double Fantasy . Instead , he intended to give the song to Starr to record on his own forthcoming album , Ca n't Fight Lightning . The song 's amiable country feel was well suited to Starr 's singing style . After Lennon 's murder in December 1980 , those plans were shelved . However , Lennon 's demo was eventually issued in 1998 on the John Lennon Anthology box set .", "title": "" } ]	fever
02a0dc154f1effbf092e13b664d9c5f2	Elisabeth Sladen semi-retired to bring up a family.	[ { "docid": "7db98967d0cf8800aa23060fc11dcd37", "text": "Elisabeth Sladen Elisabeth Clara Heath-Sladen ( 1 February 1946 -- 19 April 2011 ) was an English actress best known for her role as Sarah Jane Smith in the British television series Doctor Who . She was a regular cast member from 1973 to 1976 , alongside both Jon Pertwee and Tom Baker , and reprised the role many times in subsequent decades , both on Doctor Who and its spin-offs , K-9 and Company and The Sarah Jane Adventures . Sladen was interested in ballet and theatre from childhood , and began to appear on stage in the mid-1960s , although more often as a stage manager at this time . She moved to London in 1970 and an appearance in the police drama Z-Cars led to her being selected for a part in Doctor Who . She stayed as a regular cast member alongside Pertwee and Baker until 1976 . She subsequently starred in other roles on both television and radio , before semi-retiring to bring up a family in the mid-1980s . She returned to the public eye in the 2000s with more Doctor Who related appearances , which culminated in taking a regular lead role in The Sarah Jane Adventures . The show earned the Royal Television Society 2010 award for Best Children 's Drama . She also made regular guest appearances on the main television series , and provided voice-over commentaries for its releases to DVD . Sladen died of cancer on 19 April 2011 . Her death made national and international news headlines , and major television stations and newspapers paid her tribute .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9dcea16dc7f571c877f7d08952c57b45", "text": "Dinah Birch Dinah Lynne Birch CBE ( born 4 October 1953 ) is an English literary critic . She is Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Research and Impact and Professor of English Literature at the University of Liverpool . She was a student at St Hugh 's College , Oxford and also undertook her doctorate at the University of Oxford . In 1980 she became the first woman to be elected to the Governing Body of Merton College . Her work has been primarily on Victorian literature , and among the authors on whom she has published writings are Charles Dickens , Charlotte Brontë , Emily Brontë , and Alfred Tennyson . She has also edited two books on the Victorian critic John Ruskin : Ruskin and Gender ( 2002 ) and John Ruskin : Selected Writings ( 2004 ) . Birch is serving as the General Editor of the 2012 edition of the Oxford Companion to English Literature . She is the author of Our Victorian Education ( 2008 ) , writes regularly for the TLS and the LRB , and contributes to arts programmes on radio and television . In December 2011 , Birch was named as a member of the jury for the 2012 Man Booker Prize . Jury chair Sir Peter Stothard called her '' -LSB- one -RSB- of Britain 's finest professional critics '' . She is married and has two adult children . Birch lists Middlemarch by George Eliot as her favourite book . Birch was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to higher education , literary scholarship , and cultural life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b4a1a589a8d4738908b906495619cbe", "text": "Margaret Hubble Margaret Elinor Hubble ( 29 December 1914 -- 30 August 2006 ) was a British radio broadcaster . She was best known as a presenter of Woman 's Hour in the 1950s . Hubble was born in Kent , the youngest of five children of a farmer . She attended a boarding school in Sussex , and joined the commercial radio department at advertising agency Erwin , Wasey & Company in 1938 . She joined the Women 's Land Army when the Second World War broke out , making use of her agricultural upbringing , but then joined the BBC in 1940 as a secretary , but quickly moved into broadcasting . She became an overseas presentation assistant in 1941 , and then chief announcer for the BBC African Service in 1942 , presenting Forces Favourites , a request programme in which members of the armed forces abroad , and their families at home , could ask the `` compère '' , as presenters were called , to play their favourite music . There , she helped Jean Metcalfe make her first broadcast . She was the first woman announcer to broadcast on the Allied Expeditionary Forces Programme , the successor to the General Forces Programme , in 1943 , and she was one of the first announcers on the Light Programme in 1945 . She married Albert Cuthbert in June 1945 , and , like most married women , resigned her full-time job to become a full-time wife . She rejoined the BBC in 1948 after her husband 's early death . Hubble appeared on Desert Island Discs in September 1945 , standing in at short notice for Roy Plomley 's invited guest , Valerie Hobson , who had flu . She occasionally presented Family Favourites ( also known as Two-Way Family Favourites ) , the peacetime successor to Forces Favourites , from 1945 until 1952 . She became an announcer on Woman 's Hour in 1951 , with Marjorie Anderson and Jean Metcalfe . She married Philip Horne in 1950 , and resigned from the BBC again in 1952 . She continued to work as on a freelance basis , rejoining Woman 's Hour in 1957 , and presenting other programmes on the Light Programme . She also took part in Children 's Hour on the Home Service , and Saturday Excursion on television . Hubble narrated Children 's Newsreel from 1959 , alongside Douglas Henderson , and presented Call from Home for the British Forces Broadcasting Service from 1969 . Her second husband died in 1982 . She was survived by a daughter from her first marriage and three sons from her second marriage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adacfce691b7a242177b070485849e85", "text": "Eleanor Eden Eleanor Agnes Hobart , Countess of Buckinghamshire ( née Eden ; died 1851 ) was the eldest daughter of Lord Auckland , best known for at one time being rumoured to be engaged to William Pitt the Younger . Pitt and Eleanor met at her father 's home at Beckenham , during Pitt 's repeated visits there from his own home at nearby Holwood House , near Bromley in Kent , but early in 1797 Pitt quashed spreading rumours that he intended to marry her by writing to Auckland : `` My Dear Lord ... It can hardly , I think , be necessary to say that the time I have passed among your family has led to my forming sentiments of very real attachment towards them all , and of much more than attachment to one whom I need not name ... Nor should I do justice to my own feelings ... if I did not own that every hour of my acquaintance with the person to whom you will easily conceive I refer ... has convinced me that whoever may have the good fortune to be united to her is destined to more than his share of human happiness . `` Whether I could have had any ground to hope that such might have been my lot , I have to reproach myself for ever having indulged the idea as far as I have done without asking myself carefully and early enough what were the difficulties in the way of it being realised ... Having now at length reflected as fully and as calmly as I am able ... I am compelled to say that I find the obstacles to it decisive and insurmountable ... '' Auckland replied : `` We had from an early period every reason to believe that the sentiments formed were most cordially mutual : and we saw with delight that they were ripening into an attachment which might lay the foundation of a system of most perfect happiness ... '' He also tried to get Pitt to reveal what was the `` insurmountable obstacle '' he mentioned , but Pitt 's only answer was that `` further explanation or discussion can answer no good purpose '' . In 1799 she became the second wife of Robert Hobart , 4th Earl of Buckinghamshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a933e5665119e0224da1dd65021d8f57", "text": "Pamela Dillon Pamela Louisa Eleanor Dillon ( born 26 August 1915 -- died 1992 ) was the daughter of Eric Dillon , 19th Viscount Dillon . She married the 6th Earl of Onslow on 4 August 1936 , several weeks before her 21st birthday . The marriage was dissolved by divorce in 1962 . The couple had two children : Michael William Coplestone Dillon Onslow , 7th Earl of Onslow ( 28 February 1938 -- 14 May 2011 ) , and Lady Teresa Lorraine Onslow ( born 26 February 1940 ) . Teresa Onslow married Catholic writer/editor Auberon Waugh . Auberon and Teresa Waugh had four children . Dillon held the office of Justice of the Peace for Guildford in 1950 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "174dd5a15772fdf9bc6aa8373e1d29fe", "text": "Oxenstierna Oxenstierna ( -LSB- ˈʊksɛnˌɧæːɳa -RSB- ) is an ancient Swedish noble family , originally from Småland in southern Sweden , and can be traced up to the middle of the 14th century . The Oxenstierna family held vast estates in Södermanland and Uppland during the late middle ages and renaissance . In the 15th century , the family at times held the position of Regent of Sweden during the turbulent civil wars of the Kalmar Union . The family began to adopt its armorial designation of Oxenstierna as a personal name towards the end of the 16th century . In the case of earlier members of the family , the name has been applied by later historians . Several members of the family , notably the influential Lord High Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna , rose to prominence , high political office and titles during the age of the Swedish Empire in the 17th century . The only male-line branch still in existence today is Oxenstierna af Korsholm och Wasa , the comital branch descended from Gabriel Bengtsson Oxenstierna , 1st Count of Korsholm and Vasa ( 1586 -- 1656 ) . Other branches of the family , such as Oxenstierna af Croneborg , Oxenstierna af Eka och Lindö , and Oxenstierna af Södermöre , are now extinct in the male line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6cc9015aee21bb94778e279cce1d150", "text": "Elisabeth C. Draper Elisabeth C. Draper ( 1900-1993 ) was a prominent interior decorator in New York City . Mrs. Draper was one of the grande dames of decorating in an era when a professionally decorated home was a mark of privilege . She became known for comfortable rooms that mixed antiques with contemporary furnishings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "194cbb91e9c70b1f8de028e13fb105c6", "text": "Elizabeth Upton, Baroness Templetown Elizabeth Upton , Baroness Templetown ( 1746/47 - 1823 ) was an English artist whose designs were used by Josiah Wedgwood the potter . She specialised in detailed cut-paper work which adapted well to Wedgwood 's jasperware with white bas relief scenes on coloured backgrounds . He first chose one of her designs in 1783 , and his 1787 catalogue referred to her `` exquisite taste '' and `` charming groups '' . Several of the designs Wedgwood used have a feminine or domestic theme . She also painted in watercolours and sculpted in clay . Of particular note were her sculptures of family , including grandchildren . A famous bust was made of her son-in-law the Marquess of Bristol . Born Elizabeth Boughton in Herefordshire , she married Clotworthy Upton , 1st Baron Templetown in 1769 . Their family home was Castle Upton in Templepatrick , County Antrim , Ireland . In 1776 her husband became Baron Templetown and she was then addressed as Lady Templetown . Lady Templetown stayed in Rome a lot towards the end of her life , dying in 1823 . Her brother , Charles , was a Member of Parliament . Her children included : Elizabeth Albana Upton , who married Frederick , 1st Marquess of Bristol", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ef8ac23e3c67a4c93d8bb077844654", "text": "Sarah Jane Smith: Comeback Sarah Jane Smith : Comeback is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . It stars Elisabeth Sladen reprising her role as Sarah Jane Smith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb968b6414b25544ac59c5061c4f44bf", "text": "Foster care in Australia Home-based care , which includes foster care , is provided to children who are in need of care and protection . Children and young people are provided with alternative accommodation while they are unable to live with their parents . As well as foster care , this can include placements with relatives or kin , and residential care . In most cases , children in home-based care are also on a care and protection order . In some cases children are placed in home-based care following a child protection substantiation and where they are found to be in need of a safer and more stable environment . In other situations parents may be incapable of providing adequate care for the child , or accommodation may be needed during times of family conflict or crisis . In the significant number of cases substance abuse is a major contributing factor . `` Respite care '' is a type of foster care that is used to provide short-term ( and often regular ) accommodation for children whose parents are ill or unable to care for them on a temporary basis . It is also used to provide a break for the parent or primary carer to hopefully decrease the chances of the situation escalating to one which would lead to the removal of the child ( ren ) . As with the majority of child protection services , states and territories are responsible for funding home-based care . Non-government organizations are widely used , however . In June 2006 , there were 25,454 children in out-of-home care in Australia . This compares to 23,695 children in 2005 , an increase of 7 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a45cc80d02da33be8f2a488bca83bd46", "text": "Elizabeth Howard Elizabeth Howard may refer to : Elizabeth Boleyn , Countess of Wiltshire ( c. 1480 -- 1538 ) , née Elizabeth Howard , mother of Anne Boleyn Elizabeth Howard , Duchess of Norfolk ( 1497 -- 1558 ) , née Stafford , wife of Thomas Howard , 2nd Duke of Norfolk Elizabeth Leyburne ( 1536 -- 1567 ) , wife of Thomas Howard , 4th Duke of Norfolk Elizabeth Jane Howard ( 1923 -- 2014 ) , writer Elizabeth Tilney , Countess of Surrey ( died 1497 ) , married name Elizabeth Howard Liz Howard , 27th president of the Camogie Association Liz Howard ( writer ) , Canadian writer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa6998f8d85a3d4cf153586f4ce75cf1", "text": "David John Smith The Hon. David John Smith ( May 20 , 1907 -- 1976 ) was the third son of Frederick Smith , 2nd Viscount Hambleden and Lady Esther Gore . He was educated at Eton College and Oxford University and served in the Second World War , gaining the rank of Major in the service of the Royal Artillery . After his elder brother , William Smith , 3rd Viscount Hambleden , died in 1948 , Smith became the Governing Director and chairman of W. H. Smith , retaining the post until 1972 . The death duties on his brother 's estate were so severe , however , that a public holding company had to be formed and shares were sold to W H Smith staff and the public . Under his leadership , in 1966 , W H Smith originated a 9-digit code for uniquely referencing books , called Standard Book Numbering or SBN . It was adopted as international standard ISO 2108 in 1970 , and was used until 1974 , when it became the ISBN scheme . After 1972 , the Smith family 's control slipped away , and the last family member , Philip Smith , left the board in 1996 . Smith was also Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire from 1959 to 1976 . He married Lady Helen Pleydell-Bouverie ( 1907 -- 2003 ) , daughter of Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie , 6th Earl of Radnor , on July 22 , 1931 and had five children : Julian David Smith ( b. 5 September 1932 - d. 26 July 2015 ) Esther Joanna Smith ( b. 16 May 1934 - d. 31 December 1992 ) Antony Frederick Smith ( b. 24 May 1937 ) Peter Henry Smith ( b. 15 August 1939 ) David Michael Smith ( b. 13 November 1947 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75b4fa4f4f7dcd2f29464fa79f7403c6", "text": "Jane Howard, Duchess of Norfolk Jane Howard , Duchess of Norfolk ( née Bickerton ; 1643/4 - 28 August 1693 ) , was the second wife of Henry Howard , 6th Duke of Norfolk . Bickerton came from a very modest social background . Her parents were Anne Hester and Robert Bickerton , Gentleman of the Wine Cellar to King Charles II of England . She met Howard when he was heir presumptive to his unmarried brother Thomas and became his mistress . She started living with him after the death of his wife , Lady Anne Somerset , in 1662 . Upon his brother 's death in 1677 , Howard succeeded to the dukedom and made his marriage to Bickerton public , though it may have taken place a year earlier , with the Duke 's children by Lady Anne Somerset protesting against the marriage . Family feeling became so bad that the Duke went abroad for a time with his new wife . The Duke and Duchess of Norfolk had four sons , all of whom died childless , and three daughters : George Howard , married but childless James Howard , drowned unmarried in August 1702 Frederick Henry Howard ( d. 16 March 1727 ) , married but childless Lady Catherine Howard , a nun in Flanders Lady Elizabeth Howard , m. 1st Duke of Gordon , had issue . Later became a nun in Flanders Lady Philippa Howard ( d. January 1683 ) , who had issue After the Duke 's death in 1684 , the Duchess married a Scotsman , Thomas Maxwell . John Evelyn had a very low opinion of her : on a visit to the Duke not long before the latter 's death he wrote uncharitably : '' Went to visit the Duke of Norfolk and to know whether he would sell me any of his cartoons and other drawings of Raphael and the great masters . He answered me that he would part with and sell anything for money but his wife the Duchess who stood near him ; and I thought with myself that if I were in his condition she should be the first thing that I would be glad to part with .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "224e91b16e3225ae41923616ddc740f0", "text": "Baron Beaumont Baron Beaumont is an ancient title in the Peerage of England , created in 1309 for a younger part of the de Brienne-family . The sixth Baron Beaumont was created Viscount Beaumont ( the first creation of this rank in England ) in 1432 ; after the death of the 2nd Viscount both titles fell into abeyance . In 1840 the abeyance of the barony was terminated in favour of Miles Thomas Stapleton who was called to the peerage as the 8th Baron Beaumont . The 8th Baron was succeeded by his sons Henry and Miles , the 9th and 10th Barons respectively . The barony was briefly in abeyance again following the death of the 10th Baron and was called out in favour of his daughter , Mona , in 1896 . The 11th Baroness Beaumont married Bernard Fitzalan-Howard , 3rd Baron Howard of Glossop in 1914 . Their eldest son Miles succeeded his mother as 12th Baron Beaumont in 1971 , his father as 4th Baron Howard of Glossop in 1972 and , in 1975 , his second cousin once removed Bernard Fitzalan-Howard , 16th Duke of Norfolk as 17th Duke of Norfolk . The Beaumont Barony is currently ( as of 2014 ) held by the 18th Duke of Norfolk . The Beaumont title descends to `` heirs of the body '' , while the Dukedom of Norfolk descends to `` heirs male '' . The titles may therefore eventually separate again , or the barony may go into abeyance . The Beaumont seat was Carlton Towers which has since passed into the possession of the Dukes of Norfolk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d87a870037cba89bbc2a5699bebf44eb", "text": "Sarah Villiers, Countess of Jersey Sarah Sophia Child Villiers , Countess of Jersey ( 4 March 1785 -- 26 January 1867 ) , was an English noblewoman , and through her marriage a member of the Villiers family . She was the eldest daughter of John Fane , 10th Earl of Westmorland , and Sarah Anne Child . Her mother was the only child of Robert Child , the principal shareholder in the banking firm Child & Co. . Under the terms of his will , the Countess of Jersey was the primary legatee , and she not only inherited Osterley Park but became senior partner of the bank . Her husband , George Villiers , added the surname Child by royal licence . Lady Jersey married George Child Villiers , 5th Earl of Jersey , on 23 May 1804 , in the drawing room of her house in Berkeley Square . Her husband 's mother , Frances Villiers , Countess of Jersey ( also Lady Jersey ) , was one of the more notorious mistresses of King George IV when he was Prince of Wales . Her sister Maria married John Ponsonby , Viscount Duncannon , later the 4th Earl of Bessborough , a brother of Lady Caroline Lamb . Her own affairs , though conducted discreetly , were said to be numerous : Henry John Temple , 3rd Viscount Palmerston , was thought to be one of her lovers . When asked why he had never fought a duel to preserve his wife 's reputation , Lord Jersey dryly replied that this would require him to fight every man in London . Lady Jersey was one of the patronesses of Almack 's , the most exclusive social club in London , and a leader of the ton during the Regency era . She was immortalized as Zenobia in Disraeli 's novel Endymion . Caroline Lamb ridiculed her in Glenarvon : in revenge Lady Jersey had her barred from Almack 's , the ultimate social disgrace . This , however , was unusual since she was notable for acts of kindness and generosity ; and she was eventually persuaded to remove the ban . In politics she was a Tory , although she lacked the passion for politics shown by her cousin Harriet Arbuthnot . On hearing that the Duke of Wellington had fallen from power in 1830 , she burst into tears in public . She reportedly `` moved heaven and earth '' against the Reform Act 1832 . Lady Jersey was known by the nickname Silence ; the nickname was ironic since , famously , she almost never stopped talking . She is a recurring character in the Regency novels of Georgette Heyer , where she is presented as eccentric and unpredictable , but highly intelligent and observant , and capable of kindness and generosity . She died at No. 38 , Berkeley Square , Middlesex now London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c3f7ea7ea4d40edd4c7a20053ca137d", "text": "Bennet family The Bennet family are a fictional family of dwindling Hertfordshire landed gentry , created by English novelist Jane Austen . The family plays a central role in the novel Pride and Prejudice , since it is the one to which the protagonist , Elizabeth , belongs . The complex relationships between its various members influence the evolution of the plot . In a society where marriage is the only possible future for a young girl of good family , the presence in the household of five girls to marry with no other advantage than their good looks can only be a source of concern . Yet the Bennet couple do not assume their role as educators : the mother repeatedly makes a spectacle of herself , incapable of realizing that her behaviour is more likely to put off any rich , eligible young man who noticed the oldest and most pretty of her daughters . All the while , the father , an indifferent husband , whose mocking gaze only makes things worse , since he has long-since given up on reining in her behaviour , more intent on ` enjoying the show ' than in correcting her behaviour , and the behaviour of his younger daughters , regardless of how negatively it affects his daughters ' chances of respectable matches . These girls show very different behaviors according to the education they received or provided themselves : the two eldest daughters , Jane and Elizabeth , show irreproachable conduct and are appreciated by their father , while Mary , less physically attractive , displays intellectual and musical pretensions , and the two youngest are both left almost abandoned to run wild under the sloppy , careless supervision of their ineffectual mother . Other members of the Bennets staged by Jane Austen are , on the one hand Mrs Bennet 's brother and sister -- Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips , on the other hand the designated heir of Mr. Bennet 's estate , his distant paternal second cousin , the pompous and foolish Mr. William Collins . Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips contribute significantly to the progress and outcome of the story , but at a level and in a different register reflecting their respective social belonging . Collins 's character serves as a link between the gentry of Hertfordshire , to which the Bennets belong , and the large property owners Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Mr. Darcy . The legal , financial or emotional interests that unite or divide the members of the Bennet family allow Jane Austen to build a complex picture of society and to raise a number of societal issues specific to her time , particularly concerning girls ' education and legitimacy of certain behaviors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7100993df8ba067288ea043e3cf7392d", "text": "Descent of Elizabeth II from William the Conqueror This list shows the most senior line of descent of Elizabeth II , the current British Sovereign , from William I. Each person on the list is the son or daughter of the person above him or her on the list . There are many other more junior lines of descent of the family , but the crown , in theory at least , only descends through the most senior line ( a major exception being the exclusion of the genealogically senior Jacobite succession by the Act of Settlement 1701 ) . Owing to extinct lines , large parts of entire royal houses ( Lancaster , Tudor , Stuart ) are bypassed in the current most senior line . The numbers can be used to calculate the number of generations between two individuals on this list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727f4e85897cd181c147db7ae6827455", "text": "Sheila Kennelly Sheila Kennelly ( 28th December , Marine Square , Brighton , Sussex ) , also credited as Sheila Kenneally , is an English-born Australian character actress of theatre , television and film , with a vast repertoire spanning over 50 years in the industry , she came to Australia with her family , attending North Sydney Girls ' High School and trained at the Independent theatre . She has played several television soap opera and comedy relief roles starting in the 1970s . Sheila appeared in plays starting her career on the stage , appearing at such venues as Old Tote Theatre and Nimrod Theatre Company before a lengthy Arts Council tour of `` A View from the Bridge '' ( playing Beatrice ) as well as many roles at Neutral Bay Music Hall and worked on plays at the ABC , before becoming a household name in soap opera Number 96 in Australia as bubbly barmaid Norma Whittaker along with her on-screen husband Les Whittaker ( Gordon McDougall ) the duo were comedy characters added to the cast of the series a few months after it premiered in 1972 , she remained with 96 for 4 and half years , and featured in the series film version in 1974 . In 1988 she became an original cast member on the seven network series Home and Away , as retired carnival entertainer and tarot reader Floss McPhee , until 1990 , and was one of 16 original characters but has returned in numerous guest appearances reprising the role , the most recent in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78102d553184448ad7fc3f069e9a696f", "text": "Lady Drury's Closet Lady Drury 's Closet ( also known as the Hawstead Panels ) is a series of painted wooden panels of early 17th-century date , currently installed in the room over the porch of Christchurch Mansion in Ipswich , Suffolk , England . They originally decorated a painted closet , about 7 ft square , adjacent to a bedroom in Hawstead Place , near Bury St Edmunds . It is believed they were made for Anne Drury , Lady Drury , wife of Sir Robert Drury of Hawstead and Hardwick , who died in 1624 . They were removed to Hardwick House , Suffolk , probably by Sir Robert , before 1615 ; and when the Hardwick House contents were sold in 1924 , they were purchased for and installed in Christchurch Mansion when it had already become the home of the Fine and Decorative Arts collections of the Ipswich Museum . The panels contain a series of emblems of the kind associated with emblem books -- images fashionable throughout Europe for private religious meditation in that age . The original sequence of the emblems is unclear , although the panels as arranged under their Latin `` headings '' are as originally devised . In addition to their importance for the study of emblems in general , they are significant because the Drurys were patrons of the poet and divine John Donne , who wrote his two Anniversaries following the death in 1610 of their daughter Elizabeth Drury -- namely , An Anatomy of the World and The Second Anniversarie or the Progresse of the Soule . The epigrammatic and verbally or visually paradoxical themes of the paintings are , however , linked more directly to the themes and techniques of meditation developed in the writings and sermons of the preacher Joseph Hall , who was chaplain and spiritual advisor to Lady Drury at Hawstead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "931504f22fbee614916c23f44c764683", "text": "Christina Slade Christina M. Slade was born in Adelaide ( 29 June 1953 ) and grew up in South Australia . Educated at the Australian National University , she achieved a Bachelor of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy ( 1982 ) . Slade is married to a former Australian ambassador and has two children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcbe17c759f2ef29f5b63cd8b079a270", "text": "Take My Wife (1979 TV series) Take My Wife is a British television sitcom produced by Granada Television . It had a short run in 1979 . The cast included Duggie Brown as a stand-up comic and Elisabeth Sladen as his wife . The series was written by Anthony Couch , directed by Gordon Flemyng and produced by John G. Temple . It ran for only one series of six episodes .", "title": "" } ]	fever
477bdeada19519c4f34629b38050b575	Bonnie Hunt was in Grand.	[ { "docid": "84643c3f22dd45ed812a1d622865aa09", "text": "Bonnie Hunt Bonnie Lynne Hunt ( born September 22 , 1961 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actress , director , producer , writer and host . She has appeared in films , such as Rain Man , Beethoven , Beethoven 's 2nd , Jumanji , Jerry Maguire , The Green Mile , Cheaper by the Dozen and Cheaper by the Dozen 2 . Hunt has done voice work in A Bug 's Life , Monsters , Inc. , Cars , Toy Story 3 , Cars 2 , Monsters University , and Zootopia . She starred in Grand and Davis Rules , as well as creating , producing , writing , and starring in The Building , Bonnie , and Life with Bonnie . From 2008 to 2010 , she hosted The Bonnie Hunt Show .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2e2ad0032a20c51f46b045ca916580c6", "text": "Grand Marnier Grand Marnier ( -LSB- ɡʁɑ̃ maʁnje -RSB- ) Cordon Rouge is an orange-flavored liqueur created in 1880 by Alexandre Marnier-Lapostolle . It is made from a blend of Cognac brandy , distilled essence of bitter orange , and sugar . Grand Marnier Cordon Rouge is 40 % alcohol ( 70 Proof in UK , 80 Proof in US ) . Aside from Cordon Rouge , the Grand Marnier line includes other liqueurs , most of which can be consumed `` neat '' as a cordial or a digestif , and can be used in mixed drinks and desserts . In France this kind of use is the most popular , especially with Crêpes Suzette and `` crêpes au Grand Marnier '' . César Ritz ( 1850 -- 1918 ) reportedly came up with the name `` Grand Marnier '' for Marnier-Lapostolle , who in return helped him purchase and establish the Hotel Ritz Paris . On March 15 , 2016 , the Campari Group announced the launch of a friendly takeover offer for Société des Produits Marnier Lapostolle S.A. , owner of Grand Marnier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f19d75a75de13e8dda7176c2e28b0e6", "text": "Laurie Lea Schaefer Laurel Lea Schaefer ( born May 21,1949 in Bexley , Ohio , U.S. ) was Miss America 1972 . A native of Bexley , Ohio , Schaefer received a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree from Ohio University in June 1971 . Three months later she won the Miss America Pageant . After Miss America , Laurel effectively parlayed her theatre arts and music degree into an extensive and varied entertainment career . Her training afforded her opportunities as a leading lady to notables such as : Howard Keel , John Davidson , Peter Marshall , Ed Ames , Joe Namath , Giorgio Tozzi , and Gorden MacRae . This reflect such productions as ; `` The Music Man '' , `` The Sound of Music '' , `` Camelot '' , `` South Pacific '' , `` Showboat '' , `` My Fair Lady '' , `` Oklahoma '' , `` Hello Dolly '' , `` Carousel '' , `` The King and I '' , `` Guys and Dolls '' , `` Anything Goes '' , `` Under the Yum-Yum Tree '' , `` Star-Spangled Girl '' , and `` Plaza Suite '' . Laurel 's television work includes a recurring role on `` Falcon Crest '' and guest starring roles on `` Matlock '' , `` L.A. Law '' , `` Quantum Leap '' , `` Love Boat '' , `` Three 's Company '' , `` Rockford Files '' . She is often recognized for her work in TV commercials and for a short time , she represented Campbell 's soup . Laurel 's vocal career saw her performing the National Anthem at the Inaugural Concert for President Richard M. Nixon , headlining the Miss America USO Tour to Viet Nam and Thailand , entertaining on cruises with a one-woman show and touring `` Capturing the Heart of Gershwin '' Anniversary Concert where she received critical acclaim for vocal solos ranging from swing to blues to light opera . For twenty-five years Laurel has worked as a commercial casting director and is owner of Creative Casting Services and is also a well-respected nationwide talent scout . In 1974 Laurel established Schaefer Consultants where she serves as a personal imaging and entertainment career consultant . Laurel is a published author and is highly sought after as a keynote speaker , corporate spokesperson , and infomercial host and media presenter . Miss Schaefer is the recipient of many awards including The American Academy of Achievement - Gold Plate Award , Outstanding Alumni Award ( Ohio University ) , Tom Dooley Humanitarian Award , New Jersey and Ohio `` Woman of the Year '' Award , Ohio Governor 's Award , Bexley Alumni Association-Significant Achievement Award , President 's Award for Leadership from Zonta International and a listing in Who 's Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de5814f12feb48bc555db4815668a24c", "text": "Gambit (newspaper) Gambit is a New Orleans , Louisiana-based free alternative weekly newspaper that was established in 1981 . Gambit features reporting about local politics , news , food and drink , arts , music , film , events , environmental issues and other topics , as well as listings . Gambit publishes 40,000 papers each Tuesday , which are distributed to 400 locations in the New Orleans metro area beginning Sunday afternoon . The paper 's columnists include political editor Clancy DuBos , who is also a political analyst and commentator on WWL-TV . Past columnists have included Chris Rose , Andrei Codrescu and Ronnie Virgets . Jeremy Alford is a contributing writer based in Baton Rouge , who writes on statewide issues and has won several Louisiana Press Association awards for his coverage . Regular features include `` Scuttlebutt '' ( political news briefs ) , and `` Bouquets & Brickbats , '' weekly awards for the city 's `` heroes and zeroes . '' Gambit also publishes a weekly editorial and issues endorsements in many political races , with two notable exceptions ; it does not endorse in national elections , nor does it endorse in judicial elections ( on a longstanding political belief that judges should be appointed , not elected ) . The paper has won many local and national honors , and former Gambit writer Katy Reckdahl was awarded Hunter College 's James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism in 2002 for her series on the mistreatment of the homeless , and a 2002 Casey Journalism Center Medal for Distinguished Coverage of Children and Family Issues for her report titled `` Louisiana Juvenile Justice '' on the Tallulah Correctional Center for Youth . Other former writers and editors include Michael Tisserand , author of the books The Kingdom of Zydeco and Sugarcane Academy , Scott Jordan , former spokesman for the Louisiana Democratic Party , and Rich Collins , a member of the children 's music group Imagination Movers . The paper sponsors the annual Big Easy Theater Awards and Big Easy Music Awards , honoring New Orleans ' best performing artists . On October 1 , 2007 , Gambit launched Blog of New Orleans to supplement its website Best of New Orleans with daily updates on New Orleans news , politics , arts , music , sports , cuisine and local culture . Its other publications include CUE , a monthly home and fashion magazine ; H+W , a monthly health supplement ; and WED , a twice-annual bridal guide . In January 2009 , the paper changed its name from Gambit Weekly , to which it had been renamed in 1996 , back to Gambit , the name under which it had been founded in 1981 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66aa4437670cac2daf20354d7392504f", "text": "Grand Cane, Louisiana Grand Cane is a village in DeSoto Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 242 at the 2010 census , up from 191 at the 2000 census . It is part of the Shreveport -- Bossier City Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is the hometown of women 's basketball pioneer Linda Gamble .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d45ccae5f357d9b29adf4b1ccb6f8e1", "text": "Craigdarroch `` Craigdarroch , An Accessory to Murder '' is an expansion set for the board game Kill Doctor Lucky Craigdarroch is the name of a house near Moniaive , Dumfries and Galloway , Scotland . It was the seat of the Chief of the Dumfriesshire Fergussons for 600 years . Built by William Adam in 1729 over the old house dating from the earliest records ( 14th century ) . The Marriage Home of Annie Laurie ( the heroine of ` the world 's greatest love-song ' ) who married Alexander Fergusson , 14th Laird of Craigdarroch , on 29 August 1709 , and lived there for 33 years . The first Fergusson of Craigdarroch on record was Jonkyne , who flourished in the 14th century . Robert , his descendant in the 6th generation , married Lady Janet Cunningham , daughter of the 4th Earl of Glencairn of Maxwelton , in 1537 and their marriage stone , with the shakefork of the Cunninghams , is to be seen with the other carved stones on the base of the old tower of Craigdarroch . The upper part of the tower was demolished when the present early 18th-century house was built . Their eldest grandson , Thomas , married in 1609 ( marriage stone ) , but died soon after , without inheriting . His younger brother , Robert , married Katherine , daughter of the 6th Earl of Cunningham , and their son , William Fergusson had a marriage contract with Sara Grierson , which was signed on 9 May 1621 , daughter of Sir William Grierson of Lag , 9th Lord of Lag and their marriage stone , with the three cushions and star of the Griersons , is also to be seen . Robert was M.P. for Dumfriesshire , as were also his son , his grandson , and his great-grandson . His grandson , John , Colonel of a Regiment of Foot , rode from Craigdarroch to Killiecrankie in 1689 , where he was killed in battle . His servant returned with his master 's horse and saddle and the saddle was kept at the top of the stairs until 1918 when it went to Caprington Castle where it still is . The story goes that his wife , Elizabeth , refused to believe her husband was dead and pined her days away waiting for his return , and subsequently haunted the saddle right up until 1920 when the ghost was laid by a Jesuit with Bell , Book and Candle . There is no doubt about the ghost , and no doubt about the laying of it , but history records that Elizabeth married twice afterwards , and the ghost was more probably Elizabeth Maxwell , John 's mother . His son , Alexander , born in 1685 , actively supported King William against the Stuarts . In 1710 he married Anna Laurie or Annie Laurie , daughter of Sir Robert Laurie , Bt. , of Maxwelton House , near Moniaive , the Annie Laurie '' of the song . In 1726 they commissioned William Adam , father of Robert Adam , Scotland 's most famous architect , to build the new house . The estimate for the work in William Adam 's handwriting ( copy in the house ) came to the then princely sum of # 526 2s 9d . It was completed , much as it is today , in 1729 , the date above the present front door . Robert Adam , then under his father 's tuition , designed and made the fireplace in the hall . `` Annie Laurie '' lived at Craigdarroch for over 50 years and died at Friars ' Carse , near Auldgirth , in 1763 . Some sources suggest she may have been buried at Craigdarroch , but as she was a lifelong worshipper at Kirkland Church , her grave may be there , but it has not been located . Their son James , Chamberlain to the 3rd Duke of Queensberry , lived all his life at Drumlanrig Castle and was there when ` Bonnie Prince Charlie ' came with his Highland Army in December 1745 . The Highland Army was not popular in the district and did considerable damage as it passed through . At Craigdarroch , the Fergussons and staff wisely decided to flee the house when they were requested to provide hospitality to the pretender . When the coast was clear they returned , only to find the house ransacked and much of the furniture burnt as fuel . His son Alexander was the victor in the contest for the Whistle , celebrated in Robert Burns ' poem . The actual whistle is an heirloom , also at Caprington Castle Alexander 's son , Robert , 17th Laird , was perhaps the most distinguished member of the family . He was a lawyer , Attorney-General of Bengal , later , M.P. for the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright , Judge Advocate General and a Privy Councillor . He built the ` pond ' , turned the course of Craigdarroch Water , laid out the policies much as they are now , and built the west wing . His grandson , Robert , died in 1904 , leaving no heir - for the first time in 600 years - but twin daughters , the elder of whom , Ella , married William Cunninghame , 14th Laird of Caprington , descendant of the Earls of Glencairn , in 1918 , and their elder son Robert inherited the castle and property . After 1904 the house was occasionally rented by Clare Dubs who bought it in 1923 , living there until he died in 1943 when it passed to his nephew ( by marriage ) , Robert Sinclair Scott , who sold it in 1957 to Adam Dalzell who died in 1961 . In 1962 it was acquired by the present occupant 's now deceased father-in-law whose wife 's uncle was a Fergusson , kinsman to the Fergussons of Craigdarroch . During the 19th century various alterations and additions were made - the Oriel window in the drawing-room ; the Chapel , built in 1889 of oak and stone from the estate ; and later the billiard room wing , replacing former conservatories , and rebuilt in 1932 as the present study . In the chapel there are photographs of the 50 or so estate workers and their families all together in their Sunday finery at the turn of the 20th century . Some of them would have worked in the extensive walled garden and greenhouses , now derelict , to provide produce for the house . Others would have worked on the local tenanted farms and in forestry on the estate . During the late war ( 1939 -- 1945 ) the house was allocated to a special unit of the Norwegian Army since when it has been lived in for short periods only until the present occupation . Modern conditions do not encourage developments and improvements , but they continue slowly . In recent years the house has been used for events and meetings and plans are in progress to use it as a wedding and function venue . Craigdarroch House is open to the public throughout July each year from 2pm to 4pm . It is situated 2 miles west of Moniaive on the B729 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ff7a8dd15a2f791ec019030290d139a", "text": "Bonnie Tyler Bonnie Tyler ( born Gaynor Hopkins ; 8 June 1951 ) is a Welsh singer , known for her distinctive husky voice . Tyler came to prominence with the release of her 1977 album The World Starts Tonight and its singles `` Lost in France '' and `` More Than a Lover '' . Her 1978 single `` It 's a Heartache '' reached number four on the UK Singles Chart , and number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 . In the 1980s , Tyler ventured into rock music with songwriter and producer Jim Steinman . He wrote Tyler 's biggest hit `` Total Eclipse of the Heart ' '' , the lead single from her 1983 UK chart topping album Faster Than the Speed of Night . Steinman also wrote Tyler 's other major 1980s hit `` Holding Out for a Hero '' . She had success in mainland Europe during the 1990s with Dieter Bohlen , who wrote and produced her hit `` Bitterblue '' . In 2003 , Tyler re-recorded `` Total Eclipse of the Heart '' with singer Kareen Antonn . Their bilingual duet topped the French charts . Her latest album Rocks and Honey was released in 2013 and features the single `` Believe in Me '' which she performed representing the United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 . Both `` It 's a Heartache '' and `` Total Eclipse of the Heart '' are among the best-selling singles of all time , with sales in excess of six million each . Her work has earned her three Grammy Award nominations and three Brit Award nominations , among other accolades .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d7eb1dd7b20f6878d31b4ed3ac960e6", "text": "Bonnie Brown (musician) Bonnie Jean Brown ( July 31 , 1938 -- July 16 , 2016 ) was an American country music singer and member of the Browns , a trio popular in the 1950s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a60c00d7180633e119b7da6d0cf5391b", "text": "Bonnie (orangutan) Bonnie ( born 1976 , Rio Grande Zoo ) is a hybrid female Sumatran/Bornean orangutan living at the National Zoo in Washington D.C. since 1980 . She began spontaneously whistling , mimicking an animal caretaker making the sound . The importance is that whistling is a sound that is in a human 's -- but not an orangutan 's -- repertoire . While some `` lower primates '' have been shown to make non-standard sounds for their species , it has always been the result of intense training , whereas Bonnie just picked up the new sound mechanism . Another interesting aspect is that she seems to whistle just because she likes the sound as opposed to producing this behavior in response to a potential food reward . Bonnie 's whistling was documented in Primates by Dr. Serge Wich et al. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1646720170e70d0a845c019b2357909", "text": "Grand, Vosges Grand is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France . Grand is known for its Roman amphitheatre , mosaics and aqueduct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef0d5edb55d0b261d0ec3ff5999e276d", "text": "Bonnie Lee Bonnie Lee ( June 11 , 1931 -- September 7 , 2006 ) was an American Chicago blues singer . Known as `` The Sweetheart of the Blues '' , she is best remembered for her lengthy working relationships with Sunnyland Slim and Willie Kent . David Whiteis , who interviewed Lee in researching his book Chicago Blues : Portraits and Stories , stated , `` she was one of the last of her genre , the big-voiced woman blues singer fronting a Chicago band . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bad6382d95b27ec6b5870656ce5dcd9", "text": "White Crystal Beach, Maryland Crystal Beach ( also known as White Crystal Beach ) is an unincorporated community in Cecil County , Maryland , United States . Crystal Beach is a partnership between two brothers of the Green family . Kenneth `` Gene '' Eugene Green and Alfred `` Dickie '' Ernest Green ( 1933 -- 2010 ) . The community is inhabited seasonally with the majority of its inhabitants calling the Delaware Valley area their home . There are many large families there who have been frequenting the small private beach community for generations . Within the past five years , a small group of members have begun to coordinate events for the community to help raise funds to improve the quality of life at the small resort area . It is a prime location for boating and sunbathing . White Crystal Beach was founded in the mid-1930s by Alfred Ernest Green and his wife Ethel Pearsey Green at the site of Reybold 's Wharf . The Green family had formerly owned a traveling carnival , then small amusement parks in Wilmington , Delaware , Penns Grove , New Jersey , and Charlestown , Maryland . The Green family created a summer-only , private rental resort on the Elk River and named it `` White Crystal Beach '' . The Green family built bathhouses , a dance hall , beer garden , bowling alley , and even a tattoo parlor . Children 's amusement park rides and an antique merry-go-round were brought from the traveling carnival , and a few dozen simple wooden cottages were built as rental units . Ernest and Ethel brought in their son Kenneth Green ( wife Edna ) and daughter Ella Green Crump to help run the concessions and manage the business . Eventually they were joined by their grandchildren , William , Dorcas , and Alfred Crump , along with `` Gene '' , `` Dickie '' , `` Betty '' , and `` Margie '' Green , who all worked in various aspects of the family business . Alfred Ernest Green died in the late 1940s , and the management was passed on to his son Kenneth Green . The early 1950s brought some changes with damage from Hurricane Hazel in 1954 , and a devastating fire in 1955 . Ethel Green and her daughter Ella Green Crump Spence bought the farm property abutting the northern property line to renovate for their retirement , but Ella died in 1957 , and Ethel retired to her second home in Florida , where she died in 1959 . The farm property was passed to Ella 's children and became `` Elkview Shores '' . White Crystal Beach was then owned by Kenneth and Edna Green and managed with the help of their two sons , Kenneth `` Gene '' Green and Alfred `` Dickie '' Green . Alfred `` Dickie '' Green died in January 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ba2c0c4e933eda0ef121b0d04b8877d", "text": "Bonnie MacDougal Bonnie MacDougal is the author of four novels that draw extensively from her own life as a lawyer working in Philadelphia . She received her undergraduate degree from Bryn Mawr College , magna cum laude with Honors in English literature , and her law degree from the University of Pennsylvania . Her law career took her to Anchorage , Alaska , and Little Rock , Arkansas ( where she was one of the few lawyers ever to practice with Bill Clinton ) , then back to Philadelphia and the firms of Schnader , Harrison , Segal & Lewis , and Pepper Hamilton LLP , where she practices today . Her specialty is complex commercial litigation , including bankruptcy , securities fraud , and intellectual property disputes . She made her literary debut in 1996 with the publication of Breach of Trust , described as `` an extraordinarily accomplished first novel '' . Her second book was Angle of Impact , a thriller about an aviation disaster , which was described as `` a deliciously complicated puzzle '' and `` one hot read '' . Her third novel , Out of Order , is the story of a young woman with a secret past who is unwillingly thrust into the limelight when her husband runs for Congress . Out of Order was called `` much more than an ordinary legal thriller . It 's an ambitious , superbly crafted tale '' . Another critic wrote : `` MacDougal is no female Grisham . She 's more like Scott Turow , a much better lawyer-writer whose characters come loaded with plenty of history '' . Her fourth novel is Common Pleas , a story of young lovers on trial for the murder of the girl 's wealthy parents . Her books have been translated into eight foreign languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87ce610d7570000eae589c93e1a805ce", "text": "Howard Sprague Howard Sprague is a fictional character on the CBS television sitcom The Andy Griffith Show ( TAGS ) , and its spin-off Mayberry R.F.D. . He was played by Jack Dodson from 1966-71 . He was characterized by his milquetoast demeanor , moustache , bow ties , and a penchant for philosophy and culture . Howard was a repressed Mother 's boy who lived with his overbearing and manipulative mother , played by Mabel Albertson . ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 ) . He appeared as the county clerk during the later color episodes of The Andy Griffith Show ( and continued onto Mayberry R.F.D. ) . While Jack Dodson made an earlier appearance as an insurance agent named Ed Jenkins ( TAGS , `` Lost and Found '' , episode 178 ) , he first appeared as Howard in the sixth season ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 . ) This was not unusual on the show : other TAGS regulars were first introduced with different names : Hope Summers , who played Clara Edwards , first appeared as Bertha Johnson ; Goober Pyle was first called Goober Beasley ; and Arlene Golonka , who played Millie Swanson , was introduced as Millie Hutchins . Due to his upbringing , Howard was socially stymied , especially when it came to dating . His mother even tried to thwart a double date he had with Sheriff Andy Taylor , Helen Crump , and a nurse , by feigning heart palpitations ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 ) . Later , when Howard was about to join a men 's social club , his mother manipulated Goober Pyle with a sob story in an attempt to blackball his membership ( TAGS , `` The Lodge '' , episode # 192 ) . Opie once said Howard threw a baseball `` just like Aunt Bee '' . When his mother remarried and moved to Mount Pilot , Howard sought to metamorphosize into a swinging hipster ( TAGS , `` The Wedding '' , episode # 246 ) . Wearing a smoking jacket and ascot , his plain home became a mod bachelor pad , with threshold-beads , and floor pillows . In the episode `` Howard 's New Life '' , he tried to recreate himself by moving to a Caribbean island ( St. Benedict 's ) to become a beachcomber . Bored , he soon returned to Mayberry and resumed his drab bureaucratic job . Howard 's brief love interest/fiancee on The Andy Griffith Show was Millie Swanson ( Arlene Golonka ) , a character who later dated Sam Jones ( Ken Berry ) on the spin-off series Mayberry R.F.D. Millie and Howard soon realized their incompatibility and mutually agreed to dissolve the relationship right before they were to wed. . Despite his awkwardness , Howard proved to be quite a sportsman . He caught `` Old Sam '' , the much coveted legendary fish in Tucker 's Lake , thus antagonizing the town 's seasoned anglers ( TAGS , `` Big Fish In A Small Town '' , episode # 198 ) . He also proved to be an excellent bowler , after joining Emmett Clark 's bowling team and astonishing everyone by scoring a perfect game ( TAGS , `` Howard The Bowler '' , episode # 224 ) . Howard even parachuted from an airplane to appease a thrill-seeking lady friend ( Mayberry RFD , `` Howard 's Hobby '' , episode # 18 ) . Howard had two brushes with stardom . First he appeared on the `` Colonel Tims Talent Time '' television show performing his stand-up comedy act , which consisted of personal affronts to his neighbors and `` one-horse '' jokes about Mayberry , causing him to be temporarily snubbed by the townsfolk ( TAGS , `` Howard The Comedian '' , episode # 216 ) . Mayberry city council once sent him with Emmett Clark to a New York City TV station to promote traditional , small town values . Howard soon did a backspin and became an unabashed New Yorker , replete with a loud , paisley Nehru suit and hair bangs ( Mayberry RFD , `` The Panel '' , episode 6 ) . In the 1986 television movie Return to Mayberry , Howard was revisited ( along with most of the surviving cast ) . In a funk about aging , the clerk was seen throughout the movie in various hues of hair color . He appeared in character on It 's Garry Shandling 's Show in the 1990 episode ` The Day Howard Moved In ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82e4408f3f4717d393be4397a7c1c611", "text": "Hunt's Hill, California Hunt 's Hill ( also , Hunts Hill and formerly , Gouge Eye ) is a former mining camp in Nevada County , California , United States . Hunt 's Hill was located in the Sierra Nevada foothills about 6 miles in a straight line southeast of Nevada City and about 2 miles northwest of You Bet , on the north side of Greenhorn Creek , not far from the present intersection of Red Dog and Buckeye Roads . Hunt 's Hill was founded in 1852 by a miner named Hunt . It was located on one of the deepest parts of the rich Blue Lead channel of gold-bearing gravel . In 1855 , one of the mining claims established by some French miners , was `` jumped '' . During the fight , one of the French miners lost an eye . Thereafter , that mine , and sometimes the town , were called Gouge Eye . By 1857 , the town boasted two saloons , a hotel , a blacksmith and stable , a butcher shop , a boot and shoe store , and several grocery stores . In 1858 , a stage line from Nevada City arrived . In 1866 , seven cement mills for extracting gold from the `` blue cement '' were operating in the area . By 1880 , the town was reduced to a combined store and saloon and a few houses . In 1895 , one directory summed up the state of the community thus : `` At the present time there is not much doing there . '' Since that same directory identified the town 's justice of the peace and constable , what little happened must have been interesting . Today , it is just a historic site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18b99b533553c965a88b9fc4e39dd553", "text": "Grand Tour The Grand Tour was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper class European young men of sufficient means and rank ( or those of more humble origin who could find a sponsor ) , as well as young women if they were also of sufficient means , and accompanied by a chaperone , such as other family members , when they had come of age ( about the age of 21 years old ) . The custom flourished from about 1660 , until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s , and was associated with a standard itinerary . It served as an educational rite of passage . Though primarily associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry , similar trips were made by wealthy young men of Protestant Northern European nations , and from the second half of the 18th century , by some South and North Americans . The tradition declined with the lapse of neo-classical enthusiasm and after rail and steamship travel made the journeys much easier when Thomas Cook made the `` Cook 's Tour '' of early mass tourism a byword . The New York Times in 2008 described the Grand Tour in this way : The primary value of the Grand Tour , it was believed , lay in the exposure both to the cultural legacy of classical antiquity and the Renaissance , and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent . In addition , it provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art , and possibly the only chance to hear certain music . A Grand Tour could last from several months to several years . It was commonly undertaken in the company of a Cicerone , a knowledgeable guide or tutor . The Grand Tour had more than superficial cultural importance ; as E. P. Thompson stated , `` ruling-class control in the 18th century was located primarily in a cultural hegemony , and only secondarily in an expression of economic or physical ( military ) power . '' The legacy of the Grand Tour lives on to the modern day and is still evident in works of travel and literature . From its aristocratic origins and the permutations of sentimental and romantic travel to the age of tourism and globalization , the Grand Tour still influences the destinations tourists choose and shapes the ideas of culture and sophistication that surround the act of travel . In essence , the Grand Tour was neither a scholar 's pilgrimage nor a religious one , though a pleasurable stay in Venice and a cautious residence in Rome were essential . Catholic Grand Tourists followed the same routes as Protestant Whigs . Since the 17th century , a tour to such places was also considered essential for budding young artists to understand proper painting and sculpture techniques , though the trappings of the Grand Tour -- valets and coachmen , perhaps a cook , certainly a `` bear-leader '' or scholarly guide -- were beyond their reach . The advent of popular guides , such as the Richardsons ' , did much to popularise such trips , and following the artists themselves , the elite considered travel to such centres as necessary rites of passage . For gentlemen , some works of art were essential to demonstrate the breadth and polish they had received from their tour : in Rome , antiquaries like Thomas Jenkins provided access to private collections of antiquities , among which enough proved to be for sale that the English market raised the price of such things , and for coins and medals , which formed more portable souvenirs and a respected gentleman 's guide to ancient history . Pompeo Batoni made a career of painting English milordi posed with graceful ease among Roman antiquities . Many continued on to Naples , where they viewed Herculaneum and Pompeii , but few ventured far into southern Italy or Malta , and fewer still to Greece , still under Turkish rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dabaf95c116dca9d90e85eb3df33ecd", "text": "The Scout (Buffalo Bill statue) The Scout , a bronze statue of a mounted rider outside the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody , Wyoming , was placed in 1924 to commemorate the town 's most famous resident and de facto founder , Buffalo Bill Cody . Originally in open land on the western outskirts of Cody , the statue today stands at the end of Sheridan Avenue , the town 's main thoroughfare , as the town has grown to the west . The project was initiated by Cody 's niece , Mary Jester Allen , who had established the basis of what would become the Buffalo Bill Historical Center . A New Yorker , she persuaded heiress and artist Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney to sculpt the piece . Despite the offer of two existing sites in Cody , Vanderbilt selected and bought the final Cody site . Her first efforts attracted criticism for the type of horse , its pose , and its tack , all of which were regarded as too `` eastern . '' She then arranged for a horse named `` Smokey '' from Cody 's TE Ranch to be shipped to New York , along with a cowboy from Cody to pose in the saddle . The statue was dedicated on July 4 , 1924 in the presence of an unusual number of dignitaries for such a remote location . It stands on a large stone base , meant to represent nearby Cedar Mountain , which Cody chose as his gravesite . The base is a consciously ironic statement , since Cody was buried , against his wishes , at Lookout Mountain in Colorado . In time , Sheridan Avenue was extended to the statue and loops around the site . The Buffalo Bill Historical Center is located nearby . Vanderbilt funded most of the estimated $ 50,000 cost for the memorial out of her own pocket . She would go on to establish the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1931 . Her son , Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney would fund the establishment of the Whitney Museum of Western Art at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center . The statue 's full title is Buffalo Bill - The Scout . The statue was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c72c4cff7bdca743a56901b3400ef84", "text": "Wishbone (TV series) Wishbone is a half-hour live-action children 's television show that was produced from 1995 to 1998 and broadcast on PBS Kids . The show 's title character is a Jack Russell Terrier . Wishbone lives with his owner Joe Talbot in the fictional town of Oakdale , Texas . He daydreams about being the lead character of stories from classic literature . He was known as `` the little dog with a big imagination '' . Only the viewers and the characters in his daydreams can hear Wishbone speak . The characters from his daydreams see Wishbone as whichever famous character he is currently portraying and not as a dog . The show won four Daytime Emmys , a Peabody Award , and honors from the Television Critics Association . Wishbone '' 's exterior shots were filmed on the backlot of Lyrick Studios 's teen division Big Feats ! Entertainment in Allen , Texas , and its interior shots were filmed on a sound stage in a 50,000 square foot warehouse in Plano , Texas . Additional scenes were filmed in Grapevine , Texas . This show garnered particular praise for refusing to bowdlerize many of the sadder or more unpleasant aspects of the source works , which usually enjoyed a fairly faithful retelling in the fantasy sequences . The show also inspired several book series . Altogether , there are more than fifty books featuring Wishbone , which were published even after the TV series ended production . Reruns of the show continued to air on some PBS affiliates until early 2008 . In 2006 , when a PBS Kids Go ! digital channel was announced , PBS planned to air Wishbone on the channel . However , when the digital channel was canceled , Wishbone returned in reruns on the PBS national program service . Wishbone clips came to the PBS Kids Go ! website . The return to PBS lasted a short time , though some PBS affiliates continued to air Wishbone '' until their license to do so ran out . The show continued to air in reruns until August 31 , 2001 . The Show was replaced on the PBS Kids schedule on September 3 , 2001 by Sagwa The Chinese Siamese Cat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7353deef9f3f71a0ab1fc6297f53f916", "text": "Falconwood Club The Falconwood Club was a club and resort in the 1800s for the wealthy families of Buffalo on Grand Island in New York", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff0c0ac42148eb8ff7e22889e84a41de", "text": "Grand National Rodeo The Grand National Rodeo , Horse , and Stock Show is one of the largest rodeo events in the United States . Held annually in the Cow Palace in Daly City , the annual Grand National brings rodeo to an urban audience . The Grand National is also a county agricultural fair , run by the California Department of Food and Agriculture . The usual 4-H club / Future Farmers of America events of an agricultural fair are held . Sheep , cattle , goats , rabbits , and pigs are judged . The horse and stock barns are open to the public and there are full English and Western horse shows . In addition to the above events , there are country and western musical performances , a carnival and the Miss Grand National beauty pageant , whose contestants also typically compete in other competitions at the rodeo . The ProRodeo Hall of Fame inducted the Grand National Rodeo in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce3c18bafbf753ebd54fc4c50372b13", "text": "Grand Lakes Grand Lakes , Texas is a 1250 acre `` master planned community '' located in the extraterritorial jurisdiction of Houston within Fort Bend and Harris Counties in the U.S. state of Texas . It lies about 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of Houston and 10 miles ( 16 km ) north of Richmond . Grand Lakes is considered to be part of the Greater Katy area and is roughly 10 miles ( 16 km ) southeast of the city of Katy and adjacent to Cinco Ranch and Seven Meadows .", "title": "" } ]	fever
737a0733b811d496db7556a966f5ef9f	The United Kingdom is a developed nation.	[ { "docid": "8c1999004b8183f3c7b413ea0bd8a045", "text": "United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland.Although Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state , two of its Overseas Territories also share land borders with other sovereign countries . Gibraltar shares a border with Spain , while the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia share borders with the Republic of Cyprus , the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the UN buffer zone separating the two Cypriot polities . Apart from this land border , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of 242500 km2 , the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe . It is also the 21st-most populous country , with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union ( EU ) . The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 6 February 1952 . The capital of the United Kingdom and its largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million , the fourth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union . Other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the conurbations centred on Birmingham , Leeds , Glasgow , Liverpool and Manchester . The United Kingdom consists of four countries -- England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland . The last three have devolved administrations , each with varying powers , based in their capitals , Edinburgh , Cardiff and Belfast , respectively . The nearby Isle of Man , Bailiwick of Guernsey and Bailiwick of Jersey are not part of the United Kingdom , being Crown dependencies with the British Government responsible for defence and international representation . The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time . Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain , which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922 , leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed on 6 December 1921 to resolve the Irish War of Independence . When it took effect one year later , it established the Irish Free State as a separate dominion within the Commonwealth . The UK 's current name was adopted to reflect the change . There are fourteen British Overseas Territories . These are the remnants of the British Empire which , at its height in the 1920s , encompassed almost a quarter of the world 's land mass and was the largest empire in history . British influence can be observed in the language , culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies . The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world 's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest economy by purchasing power parity . The UK is considered to have a high-income economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index , ranking 16th in the world . It was the world 's first industrialised country and the world 's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries . The UK remains a great power with considerable economic , cultural , military , scientific and political influence internationally . It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is seventh in military expenditure in the world . The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 . It has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor , the European Economic Community ( EEC ) , since 1973 . However , on 23 June 2016 , a national referendum on the UK 's membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave , and its exit from the EU is currently being negotiated . The UK is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , the Council of Europe , the G7 finance ministers , the G7 forum , the G20 , NATO , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , and the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828", "text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edf052b37f0e0281290e11b5c1917e6", "text": "Politics of France The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic . The nation declares itself to be an `` indivisible , secular , democratic , and social Republic '' . The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France 's `` attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789 . '' The political system of France consists of an executive branch , a legislative branch , and a judicial branch . Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , and is responsible to Parliament . The government , including the Prime Minister , can be revoked by the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , through a `` censure motion '' ; this ensures that the Prime Minister is always supported by a majority of the lower house ( which , on most topics , has prominence over the upper house ) . Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate . It passes statutes and votes on the budget ; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry . The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council , members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic , the President of the National Assembly , and the President of the Senate . Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council . The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes . It is divided into the judicial branch ( dealing with civil law and criminal law ) and the administrative branch ( dealing with appeals against executive decisions ) , each with their own independent supreme court of appeal : the Court of Cassation for the judicial courts and the Conseil d'Etat for the administrative courts . The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies . France is a unitary state . However , its administrative subdivisions -- regions , departments and communes -- have various legal functions , and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations . France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community , later the European Union . As such , France has transferred part of its sovereignty to European institutions , as provided by its constitution . The French government therefore has to abide by European treaties , directives and regulations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b67978c54f4d6a26bfa7a553a5e897e3", "text": "Special Relationship The Special Relationship is the unofficial term for the exceptionally close political , diplomatic , cultural , economic , military and historical relations between the United Kingdom and the United States . It was used in a 1946 speech by Winston Churchill . Although both the United Kingdom and United States have close relationships with many other nations , the level of cooperation between them in economic activity , trade and commerce , military planning , execution of military operations , nuclear weapons technology , and intelligence sharing has been described as `` unparalleled '' among major powers . The United Kingdom and United States have been close allies in numerous military and political conflicts throughout the 20th and 21st centuries including World War I , World War II , the Korean War , the Cold War , the Gulf War , and the War on Terror .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42edafb91d0d6bf41db9f8d91a17212c", "text": "Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history . On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "841b2ac3d3ddeee20b4926ae48b23380", "text": "Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove There are 70 Grade II * listed buildings in the city of Brighton and Hove , England . The city , on the English Channel coast approximately 52 mi south of London , was formed as a unitary authority in 1997 by the merger of the neighbouring towns of Brighton and Hove . Queen Elizabeth II granted city status in 2000 . In England , a building or structure is defined as `` listed '' when it is placed on a statutory register of buildings of `` special architectural or historic interest '' by the Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport , a Government department , in accordance with the Planning ( Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas ) Act 1990 . English Heritage , a non-departmental public body , acts as an agency of this department to administer the process and advise the department on relevant issues . There are three grades of listing status . Grade I , the highest , is defined as being of `` exceptional interest '' ; Grade II * is used for `` particularly important buildings of more than special interest '' ; and Grade II , the lowest , is used for buildings of `` special interest '' . Brighton was founded on top of the sea-facing cliffs where the South Downs meet the English Channel . A series of valleys allowed transport routes to develop towards Lewes , London and other important settlements . Although Neolithic settlement has been confirmed , the Anglo-Saxons were the first permanent settlers ; the population was about 400 by the time of the Domesday survey in 1086 . Its neighbour Hove , on flatter , more fertile land to the west , developed concurrently but independently : its existence was recorded in 1288 , and two separate prebends ( similar to benefices ) existed by 1291 . Fishing , farming and smuggling drove the economy , but decline set in during the Middle Ages and persisted until the 19th century . Coastal flooding destroyed buildings on many occasions , the parish church fell into ruins , and the population -- almost all poor -- numbered about 100 in 1801 . Brighton became fashionable as a holiday destination and health resort in the mid-18th century , and royal patronage ( particularly by the flamboyant Prince Regent ) increased its popularity with high society and the upper classes . Day-trippers and longer-term visitors from other social classes soon followed , and by the early 19th century the town was Britain 's foremost seaside resort . Developments such as Royal Crescent , Regency Square , Oriental Place and Park Crescent characterised the bold architectural vision of the town 's new residents ; the design triumvirate of Amon Wilds , Amon Henry Wilds and Charles Busby were instrumental in realising these plans . Hove 's fortunes improved in line with Brighton 's success , and developments such as Palmeira Mansions and Sir Isaac Goldsmid 's Adelaide Crescent covered the fields between the ancient village of Hove and Brighton 's continuous westward expansion . The Vicar of Brighton , Rev. Henry Michell Wagner -- a wealthy , progressive clergyman with strong Anglo-Catholic views and an interest in architecture -- and his son and successor Rev. Arthur Wagner were responsible for an array of new churches throughout Brighton and Hove ( especially in poorer residential areas ) ; many are listed at Grade I , and the Grade II * - listed examples of St Martin 's and St Paul 's merely add to a stock of Victorian places of worship which has been described as one of the best outside London . Elsewhere during the Victorian era , the former parish churches of both Brighton and Hove were rebuilt ; an elaborate synagogue was provided for the Jewish population ; Roman Catholic worship became established at the Classical-style St John the Baptist 's Church ; a new parish church was established in the form of Charles Barry 's St Peter 's ; and several other churches were established . Both towns were incorporated as boroughs : Brighton in 1854 , Hove in 1898 . Expansion in the 20th century , as the urban area became a large regional centre , resulted in ancient villages being absorbed into the boroughs . Hangleton , West Blatchington , Ovingdean , Rottingdean and others had historic buildings and long-established churches of their own ; by 1928 , Acts of Parliament had brought them into `` Greater Brighton and Hove '' . In 1997 , the towns were officially united as a unitary authority ; three years later , city status was secured . Some listings include contributory fixtures such as surrounding walls or railings in front of the building . These are summarised by notes alongside the building name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17ba99564c10b31cb89cb4b8eb7a7a21", "text": "Commonwealth realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state that is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and shares the same person , currently Elizabeth II , as its head of state and reigning constitutional monarch , but retains a crown legally distinct from the other realms . As of 2017 , there are 16 Commonwealth realms : Antigua and Barbuda , Australia , Barbados , Belize , Canada , Grenada , Jamaica , New Zealand , Papua New Guinea , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Solomon Islands , The Bahamas , Tuvalu and the United Kingdom . The Statute of Westminster 1931 provided for the then Dominions -- named therein as Canada , Australia , New Zealand , the Union of South Africa , the Irish Free State , and Newfoundland -- to have full or nearly full legislative independence as equal members of the British Commonwealth of Nations , having , together with the United Kingdom , one person as the sovereign of each . Subsequently , India and Pakistan ( both in 1947 ) and Ceylon ( in 1948 ) became Dominions . By the early 1950s , in order to reflect the equality between the countries in that group , each ( including the United Kingdom , but not the former Irish Free State and India , which had by that time become republics ) came to be known as a realm . The word was formally used in Britain 's proclamation of Elizabeth II as queen in 1952 and was adopted for the modern royal styles and titles under the legislation enacted by the individual countries . The principle was applied to other countries as they became Commonwealth realms , having sovereign status granted directly . The phrase Commonwealth realm , though used officially , is not a statutory term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd7d94fa6fb5414071ee147487c812b1", "text": "Education in the United Kingdom Education in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments : the UK Government is directly responsible for England ; whilst the Scottish Government , the Welsh Government and the Northern Ireland Executive are responsible for Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , respectively . In England and Wales , the EYFS ( Early Years Foundation Stage ) is applicable to children aged 5 and below , and the national curriculum is applicable to children aged 5 + . For details of education in each country , see : Education in England Education in Northern Ireland Education in Scotland Education in Wales", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf65e937fb7eaeef25181df41601476", "text": "Police use of firearms in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is made up of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales ( which make up Great Britain ) , and Northern Ireland . In Northern Ireland , all police officers carry firearms . In the rest of the United Kingdom , the majority of police officers do not carry firearms ; that duty is instead carried out by specially-trained firearms officers . This originates from the formation of the Metropolitan Police Service in the 19th century , when police were not armed , partly to counter public fears and objections over armed enforcers as this had been previously seen due to the British Army maintaining order when needed . The arming of police in Great Britain is a perennial topic of debate . However , the Police Service of Northern Ireland ( formerly the Royal Ulster Constabulary ) , Northern Ireland Security Guard Service , Ministry of Defence Police , Civil Nuclear Constabulary , Belfast Harbour Police , Belfast International Airport Constabulary , and most of the Specialist Operations units of the Metropolitan Police are all issued firearms as a matter of routine . Every force also has a Force firearms unit , with armed response vehicles . In relation to specialist firearms officers , in the year 2011 -- 12 , there were 6,756 Authorised Firearms Officers , 12,550 police operations in which firearms were authorised throughout England and Wales and five incidents where conventional firearms were used . The vast majority of officers are instead issued with other items for personal defence , such as speedcuffs , extendable `` ASP '' batons , and incapacitant sprays such as PAVA or CS spray . While not firearms , incapacitant sprays are subject to some of the same rules and regulations as a projectile firing firearm under Section 5 ( b ) of the Firearms Act 1968 . Since 2004 , police forces have increasingly been issuing Tasers to Authorised Firearms Officers for use against armed assailants . Tasers are considered by the authorities to be a non-lethal alternative to firearms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6e8c6bbd8884f9248dbb0048235a30d", "text": "History of education in England The history of education in England can be documented to the Anglo-Saxons ' settlement of England . During the Middle Ages , schools were established to teach Latin grammar to the sons of the aristocracy , as part of preparation also for the entry of some into the clergy and religious orders . The church preserved literacy and learning during this period , and education was closely tied to the religious vocation , in order to read the Bible and related documents . Apprenticeship was the main way for youths to enter practical occupations . Two universities were established in affiliation with the church : the University of Oxford , followed by the University of Cambridge , both related closely to training for clergy . A reformed system of `` free grammar schools '' was established in the reign of Edward VI . The Protestant Reformation had a major influence on education and literacy in England , as it encouraged the reading of the Bible in the vernacular of the people . ( Formerly , the Bible was printed only in Latin , the official language of the Catholic Church . ) Counties in the east of England , which had frequent interaction with the Low Countries , where the Reformation movement had flourished , developed a higher rate of literacy in the early years of the Reformation than did other areas of England . In the 19th century the Church of England sponsored most formal education until the government established free , compulsory education towards the end of that century . University College London was established as the first secular college in England , open to students of all religions ( or none , ) followed by King 's College London ; the two institutions formed the University of London . Durham University was also established in the early nineteenth century . Towards the end of the century , the `` redbrick '' universities , new public universities , were founded . The 1944 Education Act established the Tripartite System of grammar schools and secondary modern schools . The school leaving age was raised to 16 in 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b9445ee96ef35a4ff865734427377bf", "text": "History of Bangladeshis in the United Kingdom Bangladeshis are one of the largest immigrant communities in the United Kingdom . Significant numbers of ethnic Bengali and ethnic Sylheti peoples arrived as early as the 17th century , mostly as lascar seamen working on ships . Following the founding of Bangladesh in 1971 , a large immigration to Britain took place during the 1970s , leading to the establishment of a British Bangladeshi community . Bangladeshis were encouraged to move to Britain during that decade because of changes in immigration laws , natural disasters such as the Bhola cyclone , the Bangladesh Liberation War against Pakistan , and the desire to escape poverty , and the perception of a better living led Sylheti men bringing their families.Murshid , Ghulam . 2008 . The call of the sea : History of Bangali in Britain -LSB- in Bengali : Kalapanir hatchani : Bilete Bangaleer itihash -RSB- ( Dhaka , Abosar ) . During the 1970s and 1980s , they experienced institutionalised racism and racial attacks by organised ultra-right fascist groups such as National Front and British Nationalist Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca83c2d7b16cc8fb1b88a8d89aa09ef2", "text": "United Kingdom company law The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006 . Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986 , the UK Corporate Governance Code , European Union Directives and court cases , the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business . Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution , public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation . The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes , where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate , limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency , and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors . An influential model within Europe , the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter , UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules , so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with . Company law , or corporate law , can be broken down into two main fields . Corporate governance in the UK mediates the rights and duties among shareholders , employees , creditors and directors . Since the board of directors habitually possesses the power to manage the business under a company constitution , a central theme is what mechanisms exist to ensure directors ' accountability . UK law is `` shareholder friendly '' in that shareholders , to the exclusion of employees , typically exercise sole voting rights in the general meeting . The general meeting holds a series of minimum rights to change the company constitution , issue resolutions and remove members of the board . In turn , directors owe a set of duties to their companies . Directors must carry out their responsibilities with competence , in good faith and undivided loyalty to the enterprise . If the mechanisms of voting do not prove enough , particularly for minority shareholders , directors ' duties and other member rights may be vindicated in court . Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market , typified by the London Stock Exchange . Through the Takeover Code the UK strongly protects the right of shareholders to be treated equally and freely trade their shares . Corporate finance concerns the two money raising options for limited companies . Equity finance involves the traditional method of issuing shares to build up a company 's capital . Shares can contain any rights the company and purchaser wish to contract for , but generally grant the right to participate in dividends after a company earns profits and the right to vote in company affairs . A purchaser of shares is helped to make an informed decision directly by prospectus requirements of full disclosure , and indirectly through restrictions on financial assistance by companies for purchase of their own shares . Debt finance means getting loans , usually for the price of a fixed annual interest repayment . Sophisticated lenders , such as banks typically contract for a security interest over the assets of a company , so that in the event of default on loan repayments they may seize the company 's property directly to satisfy debts . Creditors are also , to some extent , protected by courts ' power to set aside unfair transactions before a company goes under , or recoup money from negligent directors engaged in wrongful trading . If a company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due , UK insolvency law requires an administrator to attempt a rescue of the company ( if the company itself has the assets to pay for this ) . If rescue proves impossible , a company 's life ends when its assets are liquidated , distributed to creditors and the company is struck off the register . If a company becomes insolvent with no assets it can be wound up by a creditor , for a fee ( not that common ) , or more commonly by the tax creditor ( HMRC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "027d2e3a56bdd38b7b950b3e020d3ff3", "text": "United Kingdom Accreditation Service The United Kingdom Accreditation Service ( UKAS ) is the sole national accreditation body recognised by the British government to assess the competence of organisations that provide certification , testing , inspection and calibration services . It evaluates these conformity assessment bodies and then accredits them where they are found to meet the internationally specified standard . An organisation accredited by UKAS can demonstrate competence , impartiality and reliability in its ability to deliver results . Accreditation ensures that everyone from specifiers , purchasers , and suppliers to consumers can have confidence in the quality of goods and in the provision of services throughout the supply chain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65d8983e99c086bfe5df6ae3afd7ea91", "text": "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom The history of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom covers British foreign policy from about 1600 to 2000 . For the current situation since 2000 see Foreign relations of the United Kingdom . Britain from 1750 to the 1910s took pride in an unmatched economic base comprising industry , finance , shipping and trade that largely dominated the globe . Foreign policy based on free trade ( after 1840 ) kept the economy flourishing . The overseas Empire recovered after the loss of America in 1776 and reached its zenith about 1920 , and foreign policy made sure it was never seriously threatened . After expending enormous energy on the defeat of France and Napoleon ( 1793-1815 ) , British policy focused on achieving a conservative balance of power within Europe , with no one country achieving dominance over the affairs of the continent . This had been the basic reason behind the British wars against Napoleon , and the British commitment in the First and Second World Wars . The chief enemy down to 1815 was France , with its much larger population base and its powerful army . The British were generally successful in their many wars , with the notable exception of the American War of Independence ( 1775 -- 1783 ) . In that war Britain , without any major allies , was defeated by the colonials who had the support of France and the Netherlands , and France had support from Spain . A favoured diplomatic strategy was subsidising the armies of continental allies , such as Prussia , thereby turning London 's enormous financial power to military advantage . Britain relied heavily on its Royal Navy for security , seeking to keep it the most powerful fleet afloat with a full complement of bases across the globe . British dominance of the seas was vital to the formation of the British Empire , which was achieved through the maintenance of a Navy larger than the next two largest Navies combined for the majority of the 19th and early 20th centuries , prior to the entry of the United States into the Second World War . The British controlled the oceans . So powerful was the Royal Navy , it needed to do little actual fighting from 1812 to 1914 . Although all of the other major Powers fought with their neighbours , the British army had only one relatively limited war ( the Crimean War against Russia in 1854-56 ) . The Army mostly handled garrison duty , and did have to deal with localized insurrections and colonial conflicts in Asia and Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d5d258490bea006ea4e9e4256a1013e", "text": "English independence English independence is a political stance advocating secession of England , the largest and most populous country of the British Isles , from the United Kingdom . Support for secession of England has been influenced by the increasing devolution of political powers to Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , where independence from the United Kingdom is a prominent subject of political debate . English independence is seen by its advocates as a way to resolve the West Lothian question in British politics : Scottish , Welsh and Northern Irish MPs in the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster can vote on matters affecting England , while English MPs do not have the same power over equivalent issues in Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , as these powers are devolved to the Scottish Parliament , Northern Ireland Assembly or the National Assembly for Wales . While some minor political parties have campaigned for English independence , all major UK-wide political parties adhere to the opposing view of British unionism , and oppose altering the constitutional status of England . Scottish demands for independence , rather than English demands , are seen as the most pressing threat to British unity ; Scotland voted against independence at the referendum on 18 September 2014 . and a second vote is proposed in late 2018 or early 2019 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b058561ea9150d6f24c715bf2eeaa3", "text": "Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea , and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel . They are independently administered jurisdictions , and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories . They are self-governing possessions of the Crown ( defined uniquely in each jurisdiction ) . Internationally , the dependencies are considered `` territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible '' , rather than sovereign states . As a result , they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations . However , they do have relationships with the Commonwealth , the European Union , and other international organisations , and are members of the British -- Irish Council . They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games . They are not part of the European Union ( EU ) , although they are within the EU 's customs area . As the Crown dependencies are not sovereign states , the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the government of the United Kingdom . However they each have their own legislative assemblies , with the power to legislate on many local matters with the assent of the Crown ( Privy Council , or in the case of the Isle of Man in certain circumstances the Lieutenant-Governor ) . In each case , the head of government is referred to as the Chief Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "804db23614d605a8722d95b6e77599c3", "text": "British intelligence agencies The Government of the United Kingdom maintains intelligence agencies within several different government departments . The agencies are responsible for collecting and producing foreign and domestic intelligence , providing military intelligence , performing espionage and counter-espionage . Their intelligence assessments contribute to the conduct of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom , maintaining the national security of the United Kingdom , military planning and law enforcement in the United Kingdom . The three main agencies are the Secret Intelligence Service ( MI6 ) , the Security Service ( MI5 ) , and the Government Communications Headquarters . The history of the organisations goes back to the 19th century . The decryption of the Zimmermann Telegram in 1917 was described as the most significant intelligence triumph for Britain during World War I , and one of the earliest occasions on which a piece of signals intelligence influenced world events . During the Second World War and afterwards , many observers regarded Ultra as immensely valuable to the Allies of World War II . In the post-war period , intelligence cooperation between the United Kingdom and the United States became the cornerstone of Western intelligence gathering and the `` Special Relationship '' between the UK and the USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68565af946b0b8279ccc7d77f2e5f794", "text": "Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country 's national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ) , to partial and restricted ( constitutional monarchy ) , to completely autocratic ( absolute monarchy ) . Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch 's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , etc. . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch 's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia `` reign , but do not rule '' although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9c42f91a96bea4d6b3874d61521d33e", "text": "Right to work law uk In the United Kingdom all employers are required by law to check their employees have the right to work in the UK . The British government website states that `` You must check that a job applicant is allowed to work for you in the UK before you employ them . '' A complete guide to the combination of documents accepted as right-to-work documents and how to check them can be found , again , on the government website for Acceptable right to work documents . The correct document combinations depend on the potential employee themselves , but include these documents : Passport Biometric Residence Permit National Identity Card Full Birth Certificate Certificate of Naturalisation Passport with valid Visa inside As the Acceptable right to work documents document states it is the employer 's responsibility to check the validity of the documents presented and `` you must be in the physical possession of the original document or documents '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6ecf50bc175f3d8772fd1de4b6d6ff11	Gunday is a film.	[ { "docid": "5f927a992186a7d9c4106ccdae2c06d1", "text": "Gunday Gunday ( English : Outlaws ) is a 2014 Indian action thriller film written and directed by Ali Abbas Zafar and produced by Aditya Chopra . The film features Ranveer Singh , Arjun Kapoor , Priyanka Chopra and Irrfan Khan in the principal roles . The film starts off in the 1970s , with the introduction of 2 young boys : Bikram and Bala , who initially become gun carriers and later coal bandits . They ultimately grow up to become the most powerful goons of Calcutta . The film was released on 14 February 2014 . The film also released in Bengali with a full Bengali soundtrack also composed by Sohail Sen. Though , in some of the Bengali songs , the singers differ from the original . This was also the first Indian film to have its trailer premiere at the Dubai International Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c16af1e6564b6cd61d82f735cb55238c", "text": "Son of a gun (disambiguation) Son of a gun is a slang term used to express approval , disparagement or surprise . Son of a Gun may refer to : In television : `` Son of a Gun '' ( Homicide : Life on the Street ) , an episode of Homicide : Life on the Street `` Son of a Gun '' , an episode of MythBusters The Son of a Gunn Show , a New Zealand children 's TV show In music : `` Son of a Gun ( I Betcha Think This Song Is About You ) '' , a song by Janet Jackson `` Son of a Gun '' , a song and Top 10 UK hit by dance act JX Son of a Gun ( EP ) , an EP by The Vaselines , or the title song Son of a Gun , an album by Carey Bell Son of a Gun , an EP by Martin Bisi `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Search the City from A Fire So Big the Heavens Can See It `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Bruce Dickinson from Tattooed Millionaire `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by BWO from Prototype `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Clouddead from Ten `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Dead or Alive from Mad , Bad , and Dangerous to Know `` Son-Of-A-Gun '' , a song by Hoodoo Gurus from Blue Cave `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by KMFDM from Xtort Song of a Gun is also a pseudonym for KMFDM band leader Sascha Konietzko `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by The La 's from The La 's `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Mapleoak , fronted by Pete Quaife `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Oh Land `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Lee Hazlewood `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Addis Black Widow In film : Son of a Gun ( film ) , an Australian thriller film Other : `` Son of a Gun ! '' An automotive detailing product made by STP", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15ca155bfb773e1a17112b734ecec90f", "text": "The Shooter (1997 film) The Shooter is a 1997 Western film starring Michael Dudikoff and directed by Fred Olen Ray ( credited as Ed Raymond ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3b0e09b310df506b2428d6b33006f97", "text": "A Gun for Jennifer A Gun for Jennifer is a 1997 rape and revenge film directed by Todd Morris and starring Deborah Twiss . It follows a feminist vigilante group who castrate suspected rapists and batterers while a female police officer attempts to stop them . It is shot in a retro grindhouse style and premiered at the Fantasia Festival in July 1997 , where it was sold-out an hour before screening and received a standing ovation . The film has not left the festival circuit ; Fangoria reported that it had been picked up for distribution by Mondo Macabro , but the release never came to fruition . The movie was covered in the documentary In the Belly of the Beast , which detailed Morris and Twiss 's discovery that their financier ( whom Twiss had met while working as an exotic dancer ) had been embezzling money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34a5efb978e84aca0327396cc4e359e8", "text": "Shoot (film) Shoot is a 1976 American and Canadian film directed by Harvey Hart and written by Richard Berg , based on the novel of the same name by Douglas Fairbairn . The production features Cliff Robertson , Ernest Borgnine , Henry Silva and James Blendick . The film tells of Rex ( Cliff Robertson ) , a gun enthusiast and military veteran who , with his buddies Lou ( Ernest Borgnine ) and Zeke ( Henry Silva ) , go hunting in the forest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9505491ba2e34af75d38397901b4821", "text": "Bullets in the Gun (song) `` Bullets in the Gun '' is a song co-written by Toby Keith and Rivers Rutherford , and recorded by Keith . It is the title track to , and second single from , his 2010 album Bullets in the Gun . The song was released on 27 September 2010 and entered the country music charts at number 37 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980192d6fa3366e4f0d2e64e3d4c0cb6", "text": "Kenneth Kokin Kenneth Kokin has been a producer for many first time feature directors . He is also a sworn deputy in state of Georgia . The debut feature film he produced for Bryan Singer , Public Access won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize . Ken Kokin and Singer developed a script with writer Christopher McQuarrie to produce the multi-Academy Award winning film The Usual Suspects which Kokin directed the substantial second-unit and co-produced . This achievement landed Kokin on the cover of Fade In Magazine as one of `` The 100 People to Know in Hollywood '' . Kokin spent the next several years dividing his time between working with new film makers and developing a screenplay on the life of Alexander the Great , written with Peter Buchman and McQuarrie , for Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio . ( Scorsese and DiCaprio chose to do The Aviator first , making way for Oliver Stone to produce his version of Alexander . ) Next , he produced and directed second-unit on McQuarrie 's directorial first feature , The Way of the Gun starring Juliette Lewis , Ryan Phillippe , James Caan and Oscar winner Benicio del Toro . The 2008 Sundance Film Festival marks Kenneth Kokin 's next statements in cinema with Captain Abu Raed the Audience Award Winner in festival 's World Dramatic Competition . This is not only the first independent film produced in Kingdom of Jordan but it 's the fist feature film from recent AFI graduate Amin Matalqa . 2008 is also the year where For Tomorrow the documentary that Kokin produced and directed in Argentina which was an official selection for the Tribeca Film Festival and the Newport Beach Film Festival where he won the Humanitarian Vision Award . This groundbreaking documentary premiered in 10 film festivals and won many other awards and created awareness about cause of Toms shoes assisting the company in achieve recognition as the fastest growing shoe company in the world . Kenneth Kokin 's dedication to directing started at 14 when he started making his own films with a borrowed Super-8 camera . In high school , he directed several claymation , live action shorts and documentaries on 16mm . His most ambitious teenage endeavor was a re-creation of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run where he combined animated clay figures and actors to win the Newbridge Reel Award for Best Picture . Upon graduating from University of Southern California Cinema , Kokin joined the Editor 's Guild and worked at both NBC and Amblin Entertainment . CBS hired Kokin to shoot , edit and direct the behind the scenes for the longest-running annual special , Circus of the Stars where he worked with lions , tigers , motorcycle , stunts , high-wire and trapeze acts . Having a passion for all elements of filmmaking from pre-production through production and post-production , Kokin chose producing and directing because they are the only jobs where he has the opportunity to participate in all areas of the process . Recently , Kokin has produced a Chinese-America co-production in Chengdu , China starring John Robinson http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1440281/ and Xiaolu Li http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0523735/ . Back in two thousand and eight , he traveled South America , Haiti and Africa directing documentaries about the pandemic of poverty and HIV facing children in those regions . Staying true to his roots in the crime genre Kenneth Kokin wrote the feature about the famous mobster , James `` Whitey '' Bulger . The Los Angeles Time piece June 26 , 2012 quoted Kokin to say , `` Finding out that Whitey Bulger was living in Santa Monica just three blocks away from me was a little like looking frantically for your sunglasses only to find out they were on your head the whole time . '' Kokin 's passion for documentaries continues as he is currently working on a feature about sea mammals as well as working as a producer in reality television . link title http://about.me/kenkokin", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e15b13c82d3a6538fe2ae6b1d0b9f022", "text": "For One Thousand Dollars Per Day For One Thousand Dollars Per Day ( Per mille dollari al giorno , Por mil dólares al día , also known as Renegade Gunfighter ) is a 1966 Italian-Spanish Spaghetti Western film directed by Silvio Amadio . The title song '' `` My Gun is Fast '' is performed by Bobby Solo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e030c19e41aea313dd51ee8b5c160e14", "text": "Hold'em (film) Hold 'em is a 2014 American thriller film directed by Clay DuMaw . The film 's plot combines Texas hold 'em with elements from horror and thriller films such as Battle Royale and Saw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bf87cce54f5778d336352a0580eb924", "text": "Bastille Day (film) Bastille Day ( released as The Take in North America and on international home release ) is a 2016 action film directed and co-written by James Watkins . It is a Luxembourgian , French and American venture produced by Anonymous Content , Vendôme Pictures , TF1 Films Production and StudioCanal . The film stars Idris Elba , Richard Madden , Charlotte Le Bon , Eriq Ebouaney and José Garcia . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 22 April 2016 and 13 July 2016 in France , and on 18 November 2016 in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e81c1e5654c102c2c52e3f2949c6a3df", "text": "New Year's Day (1989 film) New Year 's Day is a 1989 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Henry Jaglom . It was entered into the main competition at the 46th Venice International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffb6f21ca6d336be1d3b526cb1b8c0dd", "text": "Flower in the Gun Barrel Flower in the Gun Barrel is a 2008 documentary film focusing on the process of reconciliation and forgiveness in post-genocide Rwanda . The film depicts both the current conditions in Rwanda and the buildup to the genocide in 1994 . It is unique in that it illustrates the complex challenges of average citizens attempting to forgive the neighbors who slaughtered their families . It is a testament to what human beings are capable of . The topic of forgiveness , and the difficulty of coming to terms with those who have killed one 's parents , siblings , children and neighbors , is a universal theme that comes to life through the example of Rwanda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f1c41e4f8a35ece7582ffd6a49b5de2", "text": "Smoking gun The term `` smoking gun '' is a reference to an object or fact that serves as conclusive evidence of a crime or similar act , just short of being caught in flagrante delicto . Its name originally came from the idea of finding a smoking ( i.e. , very recently fired ) gun on the person of a suspect wanted for shooting someone , which in that situation would be nearly unshakable proof of having committed the crime . The phrase originated in the Sherlock Holmes story , `` The Adventure of the Gloria Scott '' ( 1893 ) . In addition to this , its meaning has evolved in uses completely unrelated to criminal activity : for example , scientific evidence that is highly suggestive in favor of a particular hypothesis is sometimes called smoking gun evidence . A piece of evidence that falls just short of being conclusive is sometimes referred to as a `` smoldering gun . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb8183b909d8db0b46f4dc391465b112", "text": "Tamanchey Tamanchey ( Gun ) is an Indian romantic crime comedy film released on 10 October 2014 . The film is directed by Navneet Behal and stars Nikhil Dwivedi and Richa Chadda in leads .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e887c7d720cc21d266e943d9c968ce", "text": "Lethal Weapon (franchise) Lethal Weapon is an American buddy cop action comedy franchise created by Shane Black that focuses on two Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) detectives , Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh . The franchise consists of four films released during the 1980s and 1990s , as well as a television series in 2016 . All four films in the series were directed by Richard Donner and also share many of the same core cast members , while the television series recast the main roles with younger actors instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af9b1045a686e3863da8eaceecac8be1", "text": "Day on Fire Day on Fire is an American film which was produced by Lodestar Entertainment and filmed in New York City and Israel in 2006 . It is written and directed by Jay Anania , stars Academy Award winner Olympia Dukakis , Carmen Chaplin , Alyssa Sutherland and Martin Donovan and is produced by William Fisch and Larry Rattner . The film was scored by John Medeski with vocals by Judy Kuhn . Day on Fire was screened at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival on May 22 , 2006 . Day on Fire tells the story of a singer , a model , an Arab woman journalist , and a physician as they criss-cross New York City over a 12-hour period . Their intersecting lives unfold against the backdrop of a ghastly suicide bombing in Israel , and the strange New York City wanderings of a malevolent Handsome Man , whose predatory intents lend an air of inevitable , horrific violence . Beautifully and hauntingly musical , this thriller also has a political and personal intrigue that mounts inexorably as the sun begins to set on this fateful day . By the time night has fallen in the city , the crossing of these individual fates is sealed . Each of these four women has found their destiny amidst the brutality that the film reveals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c052f0162640e45cda200d4d6f0d9c3c", "text": "Gunhed (film) is a 1989 Japanese science fiction and action film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fef24d763f685ed1634ad089e037c11a", "text": "Top Gun Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott , and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , in association with Paramount Pictures . The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps , Jr. , and was inspired by an article titled `` Top Guns '' published in California magazine three years earlier . The film stars Tom Cruise , Kelly McGillis , Val Kilmer , Anthony Edwards , and Tom Skerritt . Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell , a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer ( RIO ) Nick `` Goose '' Bradshaw ( Edwards ) are given the chance to train at the Navy 's Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego . Top Gun was released on May 16 , 1986 . Upon its release , the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences , the effects , the aerial stunts , and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise . Four weeks after release , the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 % . Despite its initial mixed critical reaction , the film was a huge commercial hit grossing $ 356 million against a production budget of only $ 15 million . With its success , the film became a cult film over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013 . Additionally , the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Take My Breath Away '' performed by Berlin . In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df4e32fe4e36e0b2663c56d0bf20a886", "text": "Gun (2011 film) Gun is a 2011 Kannada film in the action genre starring Harish Raj and Mallika Kapoor in the lead roles . Nikitha also plays an important role . The film has been directed and written by Harish Raj and is jointly produced by K. Murali under Nishanth Constructions . The music was composed by Ronnie Raphel . Kalyan and Kaviraj wrote the lyrics for the songs . The film was released on 25 February 2011 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1153167542d4da2d4bdb8865c3aed202	Jackie Chan has an acting career.	[ { "docid": "048fc8aaaa94e1d4d899f09765535b7c", "text": "Jackie Chan Chan Kong-sang , SBS , MBE , PMW , ( -LSB- ; born 7 April 1954 ) , known professionally as Jackie Chan , is a Hong Kong martial artist , actor , film director , producer , stuntman , and singer . In his movies , he is known for his acrobatic fighting style , comic timing , use of improvised weapons , and innovative stunts , which he typically performs himself . He has trained in Kung Fu and Hapkido . He has been acting since the 1960s and has appeared in over 150 films . Chan has received stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars , and the Hollywood Walk of Fame . He has been referenced in various pop songs , cartoons , and video games . He is an operatically trained vocalist and is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star , having released a number of albums and sung many of the theme songs for the films in which he has starred . He is also a notable philanthropist . In 2015 , Forbes magazine estimated his net worth to be $ 350 million .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "58249ddf47ee3b9448485c51646a2061", "text": "Crayon Shin-chan: The Storm Called: The Hero of Kinpoko is a 2008 anime film . It is the 16th film based on the popular comedy manga and anime series Crayon Shin-chan . The film was released to theatres on April 19 , 2008 in Japan . It was released in India on Hungama TV on 26 January 2013 as Shin Chan Movie : The Golden Sword . The film was produced by Shin-Ei Animation . The running time is 93 minutes . It grossed about 1.2 billion yen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78274a8c5846086e642e34b981671a7e", "text": "Chor Yuen Zhang Baojian ( September16 , 1934 ) , better known as Chor Yuen , is a Hong Kong-based Chinese film director , screenwriter and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01b2771fb8a246019587e48213901e61", "text": "Chan Chan (disambiguation) Chan Chan is an archaeological site in the Peruvian region of La Libertad and was the capital city of the late intermediate period of the Chimor kingdom ( 850-1470 AD ) . Chan Chan may also refer to : Chan-Chan , an archaeological site of an Early Neolithic hunter-gatherer camp ( 3700-3000 BC ) on the coast of the commune of Mehuín in southern Chile Chan Chan ( singer ) , a Myanmar / Burmese pop singer and model `` Chan Chan '' ( song ) , a song by Cuban bandleader Compay Segundo Chan Chan , a song on the soundtrack to the 2005 film Water", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cf1e74edc2d9dac058bb7ccbdb6e506", "text": "The Private Eyes (1976 film) The Private Eyes is a 1976 Hong Kong comedy film written , directed by and starring Michael Hui and co-starring his brothers , Samuel Hui and Ricky Hui , and also starring Shih Kien and Richard Ng in his second film role . John Woo was the production designer and also co-director though he was uncredited . Sammo Hung served as the film 's action director and Jackie Chan was also a stuntman . This is the third film of the Hui Brothers and it is the first film that established the Hui Brothers ' comedies internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba94cfb69f636313656f84b49009f43a", "text": "China Movie Channel (organisation) China Movie Channel is a trade name of what is literally translated as the `` Film Satellite Channel Programme Production Centre '' , an agency at the Chinese Government 's State Administration of Press , Publication , Radio , Film and Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "816dac7987197ecb47b2df0aa332550f", "text": "Chan Chan (song) `` Chan Chan '' is a 1987 son composition by Cuban trovador Compay Segundo . In the late 1990s , it became the signature track of the Buena Vista Social Club project . The lyrics of the song revolve around two central characters called Juanica and Chan Chan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "849dbdbff4f57acffcf466b161f45d63", "text": "Zhang Shichuan Zhang Shichuan ( ; 1889 -- 1953 or 1890 -- 1954 ) was a Chinese entrepreneur , film director , and film producer , who is considered a founding father of Chinese cinema . He and Zheng Zhengqiu made the first Chinese feature film , The Difficult Couple , in 1913 , and cofounded the Mingxing ( Star ) Film Company in 1922 , which became the largest film production company in China under Zhang 's leadership . Zhang directed about 150 films in his career , including Laborer 's Love ( 1922 ) , the earliest complete Chinese film that has survived ; Orphan Rescues Grandfather ( 1923 ) , one of the first Chinese box-office hits ; The Burning of the Red Lotus Temple ( 1928 ) , the first martial arts film ; and Sing-Song Girl Red Peony ( 1931 ) , China 's first sound film . After the destruction of Mingxing 's studio by Japanese bombing during the 1937 Battle of Shanghai , Zhang Shichuan made films for the China United Film Production Company ( Zhonglian ) in Japanese-occupied Shanghai , which led to accusations of treason after the surrender of Japan in 1945 . He never recovered from the humiliation , and died in 1953 or 1954 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a5a8bb945c3a5e7898bd736ac1b0efb", "text": "Rush Hour (film series) The Rush Hour franchise is a series of three Chinese-American martial arts/action-comedy buddy cop films created by Ross LaManna , directed by Brett Ratner , and distributed by New Line Cinema . All three films center on a pair of police detectives : a Hong Kong Police Force inspector and an American LAPD detective ( portrayed by Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker ) who go on a series of misadventures often involving corrupt crime figures . The films were released theatrically between 1998 and 2007 , and have achieved commercial success and incorporate elements of martial arts , humor , and the buddy cop subgenre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "908c5f27d698c1b16fa4f0a6c05adca3", "text": "Forbidden City Cop Forbidden City Cop ( ; literal translation : `` Imperial Secret Agent 008 '' ) is a 1996 Hong Kong wuxia comedy film directed by Vincent Kok and Stephen Chow and starring Chow , Carina Lau , and Carman Lee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1955c2ec020110f624304334f0f7485c", "text": "Dead Men Tell Dead Men Tell is a 1941 mystery film starring Sidney Toler , who played Charlie Chan in 22 feature films , beginning with Charlie Chan in Honolulu ( 1938 ) , and ending with The Trap ( 1946 ) . The first 11 Charlie Chan films were produced by 20th Century Fox Studios , thereafter sold to Monogram Pictures . Dead Men Tell was filmed in 1941 at Fox Studios B-unit , 1401 N. Western Ave. , Hollywood , CA . Today this property is home to a large shopping center , and DeLuxe Full Spectrum Digital & Film Labs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a4ca2f50bb0722755e5f14dba64246c", "text": "Golden Brother Golden Brother is a 2014 Hong Kong-Chinese romance comedy drama film directed by Shu Kai Chung . It was released in Hong Kong on September 18 and in China on December 24 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb6c4391d6099a4480c69d005447066", "text": "Kung Fu Panda 2 Kung Fu Panda 2 is a 2011 3D American computer-animated comedy-drama martial arts film , directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson , produced by DreamWorks Animation , and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2008 film Kung Fu Panda and the second installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise . Jack Black , Angelina Jolie , Dustin Hoffman , Seth Rogen , Lucy Liu , David Cross , James Hong , and Jackie Chan reprise their character roles from the original film . They are joined by Gary Oldman , Michelle Yeoh and Danny McBride . In the film , Po and the Furious Five battle an evil peacock named Lord Shen who has a powerful weapon that he plans to conquer China with . However Po discovers a terrifying secret about his past in the process . The film was released in theatres May 26 , 2011 in Real D 3D and Digital 3D . Kung Fu Panda 2 grossed $ 665 million worldwide against its $ 150 million budget . The film was the highest-grossing animated feature film of the year and was nominated for the 2011 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 84th Academy Awards . A sequel , titled Kung Fu Panda 3 , and directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson and Alessandro Carloni , was released on January 29 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19645f34c6882296e41306a7d035afdb", "text": "Terence Yin Terence Yin Chi-wai born May 19 , 1975 is a Chinese film actor , singer , producer , and media relations specialist . Yin has starred in over 30 movies , released one solo album and resides in Hong Kong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be7d1850e82829aeebd0f03164aa9094", "text": "Cinema AZN Cinema AZN was a weekly half-hour program , hosted by Marie-France Arcilla , broadcast on AZN Television until that network ceased broadcasting in April 2008 . With AZN 's closedown , the program 's fate is unknown . Cinema AZN mixed popular entertainment , informed reporting , and featured some of Asia 's biggest stars such as Tony Leung ( 2046 ) , Stephen Chow ( Kung Fu Hustle ) , Amitabh Bachchan , Zhang Ziyi ( Hero , Memoirs of a Geisha ) and Joan Chen ( Saving Face ) ; and major filmmakers such as Wong Kar-wai , Hayao Miyazaki , Jackie Chan ( Rush Hour , Rush Hour 2 and Rush Hour 3 ) , Zhang Yimou and Im Kwon-Taek . Cinema AZN was produced by Woo Art International , a New York-based production company , in association with Asian CineVision , a non-profit media arts organization . Category :2000 s American television series Category :2005 American television series debuts Category :2008 American television series endings Category : Motion picture television series Category : Asian-American culture Category : American variety television series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fbb1c0abc4b63aa79a01210f8f4b98a", "text": "The Shanghai Cobra The Shanghai Cobra is a 1945 mystery film starring Sidney Toler as Charlie Chan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb27cf7e03d00c55d2067d2f25a51a81", "text": "Charlie Chan at Treasure Island Charlie Chan at Treasure Island is a 1939 American film directed by Norman Foster , starring Sidney Toler as the fictional Chinese-American detective Charlie Chan , that takes place on Treasure Island during San Francisco 's Golden Gate International Exposition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e746db7cdfa5db546837b2c059febe1b", "text": "Dragon Blade (film) Dragon Blade is a 2015 Chinese-Hong Kong historical action film written and directed by Daniel Lee and starring Jackie Chan . In the film , Chan plays Huo An , the commander of the Protection Squad of the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty . Dragon Blade was released in IMAX 3D on 19 February 2015 , the first day of the Chinese New Year holiday period . The film was released in the United States on 4 September 2015 by Lionsgate Premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e21fdb1b4967e4a501c8de92ddb92782", "text": "Shadows Over Chinatown Shadows Over Chinatown ( 1946 ) is the second to last film featuring Sidney Toler as Charlie Chan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c7ea4acb3fec289f6bce42a47ac5186", "text": "List of Jackie Chan Adventures characters This is a list of characters from the animated television series Jackie Chan Adventures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df1a5ddba75b9730392218893830017f", "text": "Orange Sky Golden Harvest Orange Sky Golden Harvest ( OSGH ) , previously known as Golden Harvest from 1970 to 2009 , is a film production , distribution , and exhibition company based in Hong Kong . It dominated Hong Kong box office sales from the 1970s to 1980s and played a major role in introducing Hong Kong films to the Western market , especially those by Bruce Lee ( Concord Production Inc. ) , Jackie Chan , and Sammo Hung .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f09db98876eff6a580abd34847bac0ff	Plato innovated stuff.	[ { "docid": "e4758e56211d791d0f7ae9fdec5f802f", "text": "Plato Plato ( -LSB- ˈpleɪtoʊ -RSB- Greek : Πλάτων Plátōn , -LSB- plá.tɔːn -RSB- in Classical Attic ; 428/427 or 424/423 -- 348/347 BCE ) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens , the first institution of higher learning in the Western world . He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy , especially the Western tradition . Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries , Plato 's entire work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years . Along with his teacher , Socrates , and his most famous student , Aristotle , Plato laid the very foundations of Western philosophy and science . Alfred North Whitehead once noted : `` the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato . '' In addition to being a foundational figure for Western science , philosophy , and mathematics , Plato has also often been cited as one of the founders of Western religion and spirituality . Plato 's influence on Christianity is often thought to be mediated by his major influence on Saint Augustine of Hippo , one of the most important philosophers and theologians in the foundation of the Western thought . In the 19th century the philosopher Nietzsche criticized Christianity by saying it 's `` Platonism for the people '' . Numenius of Apamea viewed this differently , he called Plato the Hellenic Moses . This would justify the superiority of Christianity over Hellenism because Moses predates Plato - thus the original source of this wisdom is the root of Christianity and not Hellenistic culture . Plato was the innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy . Plato appears to have been the founder of Western political philosophy , with his Republic , and Laws among other dialogues , providing some of the earliest extant treatments of political questions from a philosophical perspective . Plato 's own most decisive philosophical influences are usually thought to have been Socrates , Parmenides , Heraclitus and Pythagoras , although few of his predecessors ' works remain extant and much of what we know about these figures today derives from Plato himself . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes Plato as '' ... one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating , wide-ranging , and influential authors in the history of philosophy . ... He was not the first thinker or writer to whom the word `` philosopher '' should be applied . But he was so self-conscious about how philosophy should be conceived , and what its scope and ambitions properly are , and he so transformed the intellectual currents with which he grappled , that the subject of philosophy , as it is often conceived -- a rigorous and systematic examination of ethical , political , metaphysical , and epistemological issues , armed with a distinctive method -- can be called his invention . Few other authors in the history of Western philosophy approximate him in depth and range : perhaps only Aristotle ( who studied with him ) , Aquinas and Kant would be generally agreed to be of the same rank . ''", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "14cbe4037d3d8a9a72447cf761b90cdf", "text": "Philip of Opus Philip ( or Philippus ) of Opus , was a philosopher and a member of the Academy during Plato 's lifetime . Philip was the editor of Plato 's Laws . Philip of Opus is probably identical with the Philip of Medma ( or Mende ) , the astronomer , who is also described as a disciple of Plato .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03088ef7e5af4463cc89bcbd2b3b21f9", "text": "Hippias Hippias of Elis ( -LSB- ˈhɪpiəs -RSB- Ἱππίας ὁ Ἠλεῖος late 5th century BC ) was a Greek sophist , and a contemporary of Socrates . With an assurance characteristic of the later sophists , he claimed to be regarded as an authority on all subjects , and lectured on poetry , grammar , history , politics , mathematics , and much else . Most of our knowledge of him is derived from Plato , who characterizes him as vain and arrogant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ef1d55dc332e60aa00790988abb547c", "text": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Philosophical Transactions , titled Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society ( Phil . Trans . ) from 1776 , is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society . In its earliest days , it was a private venture of the Royal Society 's secretary . It became an official society publication in 1752 . It was established in 1665 , making it the first journal in the world exclusively devoted to science , and therefore also the world 's longest-running scientific journal . The use of the word `` Philosophical '' in the title refers to `` natural philosophy '' , which was the equivalent of what would now be generally called `` science '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c38738c8085f5afd9abbd080e4fe3637", "text": "Phenomenology (philosophy) Phenomenology ( from Greek phainómenon `` that which appears '' and lógos `` study '' ) is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness . As a philosophical movement it was founded in the early years of the 20th century by Edmund Husserl and was later expanded upon by a circle of his followers at the universities of Göttingen and Munich in Germany . It then spread to France , the United States , and elsewhere , often in contexts far removed from Husserl 's early work . Phenomenology should not be considered as a unitary movement ; rather , different authors share a common family resemblance but also with many significant differences . Accordingly : A unique and final definition of phenomenology is dangerous and perhaps even paradoxical as it lacks a thematic focus . In fact , it is not a doctrine , nor a philosophical school , but rather a style of thought , a method , an open and ever-renewed experience having different results , and this may disorient anyone wishing to define the meaning of phenomenology.Phenomenology , in Husserl 's conception , is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness . Phenomenology can be clearly differentiated from the Cartesian method of analysis which sees the world as objects , sets of objects , and objects acting and reacting upon one another . Husserl 's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by students , such as Edith Stein and Roman Ingarden , by hermeneutic philosophers , such as Martin Heidegger , by existentialists , such as Nicolai Hartmann , Gabriel Marcel , Maurice Merleau-Ponty , Jean-Paul Sartre , and by other philosophers , such as Max Scheler , Paul Ricoeur , Jean-Luc Marion , Michel Henry , Emmanuel Levinas , Jacques Derrida , and sociologists Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec6ab0999f822ff2d1f99260ca6072b3", "text": "Hobbes–Wallis controversy The Hobbes -- Wallis controversy was a polemic debate that continued from the mid-1650s well into the 1670s , between the philosopher Thomas Hobbes and the mathematician John Wallis . It was sparked by De corpore , a philosophical work by Hobbes in the general area of physics . The book contained not only a theory of mathematics subordinating it to geometry and geometry to kinematics , but a claimed proof of the squaring of the circle by Hobbes . While Hobbes retracted this particular proof , he returned to the topic with other attempted proofs . A pamphleteering exchange continued for decades . It drew in the newly formed Royal Society , and its experimental philosophy , to which Hobbes was ( on principle ) opposed . The sustained nature of the exchanges can be attributed to several strands of the intellectual situation of the time . In mathematics there were open issues , namely the priority ( pedagogic , or theoretical ) to be assigned to geometry and algebra ; and the status of algebra itself , which ( from an English standpoint ) had been pulled together by the text of William Oughtred , as more than a collection of symbolic abbreviations . Socially , the formation of the group of Royal Society members , and the status of the publication Philosophical Transactions , was brought to a point as the quarrel proceeded , with Hobbes playing the outsider versus the self-selecting guild . Hobbes was an easy target , on the ground chosen by Wallis . The failure of his attempts to solve the impossible problems he set himself were inevitable , but he neither backed down completely , nor applied adequate self-criticism . And on the level of character , Wallis was as intransigent as Hobbes was dogmatic , and this inflicted damage on both of their reputations . Quentin Skinner writes : `` There is no doubt that at the personal level Wallis behaved badly ( as was widely conceded at the time ) . '' Part of the significance of the controversy is that Hobbes felt that , in the later stages , the Royal Society was in some way complicit in the attacks from Wallis , despite the fact that he had many friends as Fellows in it . This attitude presented one of the obstacles to Hobbes himself becoming a member , though not the only one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b020f9614845b84cd1c4d47a8425cc5", "text": "Progression of Animals Progression of Animals ( or On the Gait of Animals ; Περὶ πορείας ζῴων De incessu animalium ) is one of Aristotle 's major texts on biology . It gives details of gait and movement in various kinds of animals . Aristotle 's approach to the subject is to ask `` why some animals are footless , others bipeds , others quadrupeds , others polypods , and why all have an even number of feet , if they have feet at all ; why in fine the points on which progression depends are even in number . '' It is a good example of the way he brought teleological presumptions to empirical studies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "206666e086b1b88dc201d079a489e980", "text": "Infinite monkey theorem The infinite monkey theorem states that a monkey hitting keys at random on a typewriter keyboard for an infinite amount of time will almost surely type a given text , such as the complete works of William Shakespeare . In fact the monkey would almost surely type every possible finite text an infinite number of times . However , the probability that monkeys filling the observable universe would type a complete work such as Shakespeare 's Hamlet is so tiny that the chance of it occurring during a period of time hundreds of thousands of orders of magnitude longer than the age of the universe is extremely low ( but technically not zero ) . In this context , `` almost surely '' is a mathematical term with a precise meaning , and the `` monkey '' is not an actual monkey , but a metaphor for an abstract device that produces an endless random sequence of letters and symbols . One of the earliest instances of the use of the `` monkey metaphor '' is that of French mathematician Émile Borel in 1913 , but the first instance may be even earlier . Variants of the theorem include multiple and even infinitely many typists , and the target text varies between an entire library and a single sentence . Jorge Luis Borges traced the history of this idea from Aristotle 's On Generation and Corruption and Cicero 's De natura deorum ( On the Nature of the Gods ) , through Blaise Pascal and Jonathan Swift , up to modern statements with their iconic simians and typewriters . In the early 20th century , Borel and Arthur Eddington used the theorem to illustrate the timescales implicit in the foundations of statistical mechanics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c79df6e2941b4e140ac24fba75136b53", "text": "Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy is a book by Bertrand Russell , published in 1919 , written in part to exposit in a less technical way the main ideas of his and Whitehead 's Principia Mathematica ( 1910 -- 1913 ) , including the theory of descriptions . Mathematics and logic , historically speaking , have been entirely distinct studies . Mathematics has been connected with science , logic with Greek . But both have developed in modern times : logic has become more mathematical and mathematics has become more logical . The consequence is that it has now become wholly impossible to draw a line between the two ; in fact , the two are one . They differ as boy and man : logic is the youth of mathematics and mathematics is the manhood of logic . This view is resented by logicians who , having spent their time in the study of classical texts , are incapable of following a piece of symbolic reasoning , and by mathematicians who have learnt a technique without troubling to inquire into its meaning or justification . Both types are now fortunately growing rarer . So much of modern mathematical work is obviously on the border-line of logic , so much of modern logic is symbolic and formal , that the very close relationship of logic and mathematics has become obvious to every instructed student . The proof of their identity is , of course , a matter of detail : starting with premises which would be universally admitted to belong to logic , and arriving by deduction at results which as obviously belong to mathematics , we find that there is no point at which a sharp line can be drawn , with logic to the left and mathematics to the right . If there are still those who do not admit the identity of logic and mathematics , we may challenge them to indicate at what point , in the successive definitions and deductions of Principia Mathematica , they consider that logic ends and mathematics begins . It will then be obvious that any answer must be quite arbitrary . ( Russell 1919 , 194 -- 195 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa643cbc5903ce20e90f52d7b779245e", "text": "Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French . The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7becbb9b7554a4d6bd57cce1a896347b", "text": "Theophrastus Theophrastus ( -LSB- ˌθiːəˈfræstəs -RSB- Θεόφραστος Theόphrastos ; c. 371 -- c. 287 BC ) , a Greek native of Eresos in Lesbos , was the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school . He came to Athens at a young age and initially studied in Plato 's school . After Plato 's death , he attached himself to Aristotle who took to Theophrastus his writings . When Aristotle fled Athens , Theophrastus took over as at the Lyceum . Theophrastus presided over the Peripatetic school for thirty-six years , during which time the school flourished greatly . He is often considered the `` father of botany '' for his works on plants . After his death , the Athenians honoured him with a public funeral . His successor as head of the school was Strato of Lampsacus . The interests of Theophrastus were wide ranging , extending from biology and physics to ethics and metaphysics . His two surviving botanical works , Enquiry into Plants ( Historia Plantarum ) and On the Causes of Plants , were an important influence on Renaissance science . There are also surviving works On Moral Characters , On Sensation , On Stones , and fragments on Physics and Metaphysics . In philosophy , he studied grammar and language and continued Aristotle 's work on logic . He also regarded space as the mere arrangement and position of bodies , time as an accident of motion , and motion as a necessary consequence of all activity . In ethics , he regarded happiness as depending on external influences as well as on virtue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4478cc68ca269a6fe98e2d0a54cba262", "text": "Leo the Mathematician Leo the Mathematician or the Philosopher ( Λέων ὁ Μαθηματικός or ὁ Φιλόσοφος , Léōn ho Mathēmatikós or ho Philósophos ; c. 790 -- after 869 ) was a Byzantine philosopher and logician associated with the Macedonian Renaissance and the end of Iconoclasm . His only preserved writings are some notes contained in manuscripts of Plato 's dialogues . He has been called a `` true Renaissance man '' and `` the cleverest man in Byzantium in the 9th century '' . He was archbishop of Thessalonica and later became the head of the Magnaura School of philosophy in Constantinople , where he taught Aristotelian logic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3535254c1e1b6409606645c5fd4b7ad3", "text": "Life imitating art Anti-mimesis is a philosophical position that holds the direct opposite of Aristotelian mimesis . Its most notable proponent is Oscar Wilde , who opined in his 1889 essay The Decay of Lying that , `` Life imitates Art far more than Art imitates Life '' . In the essay , written as a Platonic dialogue , Wilde holds that anti-mimesis `` results not merely from Life 's imitative instinct , but from the fact that the self-conscious aim of Life is to find expression , and that Art offers it certain beautiful forms through which it may realise that energy . '' . What is found in life and nature is not what is really there , but is that which artists have taught people to find there , through art . As in an example posited by Wilde , although there has been fog in London for centuries , one notices the beauty and wonder of the fog because `` poets and painters have taught the loveliness of such effects ... They did not exist till Art had invented them . '' . McGrath places the antimimetic philosophy in a tradition of Irish writing , including Wilde and writers such as Synge and Joyce in a group that `` elevate blarney ( in the form of linguistic idealism ) to aesthetic and philosophical distinction '' , noting that Terry Eagleton observes an even longer tradition that stretches `` as far back in Irish thought as the ninth-century theology of John Scottus Eriugena '' and `` the fantastic hyperbole of the ancient sagas '' . Wilde 's antimimetic idealism , specifically , McGrath describes to be part of the late nineteenth century debate between Romanticism and Realism . Wilde 's antimimetic philosophy has also had influence on later Irish writers , including Brian Friel . Halliwell asserts that the idea that life imitates art derives from classical notions that can be traced as far back as the writings of Aristophanes of Byzantium , and does not negate mimesis but rather `` displace -LSB- s -RSB- its purpose onto the artlike fashioning of life itself '' . Halliwell draws a parallel between Wilde 's philosophy and Aristophanes ' famous question about the comedies written by Menander : `` O Menander and Life ! Which of you took the other as your model ? '' , noting , however , that Aristophanes was a precursor to Wilde , and not necessarily espousing the positions that Wilde was later to propound . In George Bernard Shaw 's preface to Three Plays he wrote , `` I have noticed that when a certain type of feature appears in painting and is admired as beautiful , it presently becomes common in nature ; so that the Beatrices and Francescas in the picture galleries of one generation come to life as the parlor-maids and waitresses of the next . '' He stated that he created the aristocratic characters in Cashel Byron 's Profession as unrealistically priggish even without his later understanding that `` the real world does not exist ... men and women are made by their own fancies in the image of the imaginary creatures in my youthful fictions , only much stupider . '' Shaw , however , disagreed with Wilde on some points . He considered most attempts by life to imitate art to be reprehensible , in part because the art that people generally chose to imitate was idealistic and romanticized . An example of life imitating art is that of singer/actress Miley Cyrus , whose role as the famous fictional popstar Hannah Montana in the Disney Channel sitcom of the same name gave rise to her own singing career . Hannah 's fictional popularity translated into a real-life fan-base for Cyrus as several singles credited to the character charted on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including `` The Best of Both Worlds '' , `` Life 's What You Make It '' , `` He Could Be the One '' , etc , though all of the songs were performed by Cyrus ) and when she embarked on her sold-out Best of Both Worlds Tour in 2007 , where she performed the first set of songs as Hannah Montana and the second set as herself . Cyrus ' song `` The Climb '' was the first song , credited to herself instead of the character , from an official Hannah Montana soundtrack album to become a hit single ( peaking at # 4 on the Billboard charts , making it her `` crossover song '' into mainstream pop , while Hoedown Throwdown ( off the same soundtrack album ) was her first Top 10 . Cyrus also performed several duets on the show while in-character as Hannah with real-life singers such as Sheryl Crow , David Archuleta , The Jonas Brothers , Iyaz and her real-life father Billy Ray Cyrus , as well as an unofficial duet with her real-life godmother country singer Dolly Parton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a1ecd869f7273bad4cc2c9985484327", "text": "List of Heidelberg University people Alumni and faculty of the university include many founders and pioneers of academic disciplines , and a large number of internationally acclaimed philosophers , poets , jurisprudents , theologians , natural and social scientists . 56 Nobel Laureates , at least 18 Leibniz Laureates , and two `` Oscar '' winners have been associated with Heidelberg University . Nine Nobel Laureates received the award during their tenure at Heidelberg . Besides several Federal Ministers of Germany and Prime Ministers of German States , five Chancellors of Germany have attended the university , the latest being Helmut Kohl , the `` Chancellor of the Reunification '' . Heads of State or Government of Belgium , Bulgaria , Greece , Nicaragua , Serbia , Thailand , a British Crown Prince , a Secretary General of NATO and a director of the International Peace Bureau have also been educated at Heidelberg ; among them Nobel Peace Laureates Charles Albert Gobat and Auguste Beernaert . Former university affiliates in the field of religion include Pope Pius II , Cardinals , Bishops , and with Philipp Melanchthon and Zacharias Ursinus two key leaders of Protestant Reformation . Outstanding university affiliates in the legal profession include a President of the International Court of Justice , two Presidents of the European Court of Human Rights , a President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea , a Vice President of the International Criminal Court , an Advocate General at the European Court of Justice , at least 16 Justices of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany , a President of the Federal Court of Justice , a President of the Federal Court of Finance , a President of the Federal Labor Court , two Attorney Generals of Germany , and a British Law Lord . In business , Heidelberg alumni and faculty notably founded , co-founded or presided over ABB Group ; Astor corporate enterprises ; BASF ; BDA ; Daimler AG ; Deutsche Bank ; EADS ; Krupp AG ; Siemens AG ; and Thyssen AG . Alumni in the field of arts include classical composer Robert Schumann , philosophers Ludwig Feuerbach and Edmund Montgomery , poet Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff and writers Christian Friedrich Hebbel , Gottfried Keller , Irene Frisch , Heinrich Hoffmann , Sir Muhammad Iqbal , José Rizal , W. Somerset Maugham , Jean Paul , and Literature Nobel Laureate Carl Spitteler . Amongst Heidelberg alumni in other disciplines are the `` Father of Psychology '' Wilhelm Wundt , the `` Father of Physical Chemistry '' J. Willard Gibbs , the `` Father of American Anthropology '' Franz Boas , Dmitri Mendeleev , who created the periodic table of elements , inventor of the two-wheeler principle Karl Drais , Alfred Wegener , who discovered the continental drift , as well as political theorist Hannah Arendt , political scientist Carl Joachim Friedrich , and sociologists Karl Mannheim , Robert E. Park and Talcott Parsons . Philosophers Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Karl Jaspers , Hans-Georg Gadamer , and Jürgen Habermas served as university professors , as did also the pioneering scientists Hermann von Helmholtz , Robert Wilhelm Bunsen , Gustav Robert Kirchhoff , Emil Kraepelin , the founder of scientific psychiatry , and outstanding social scientists such as Max Weber , the founding father of modern sociology . Present faculty include Medicine Nobel Laureates Bert Sakmann ( 1991 ) and Harald zur Hausen ( 2008 ) , Chemistry Nobel Laureate Stefan Hell ( 2014 ) , 7 Leibniz Laureates , former Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany Paul Kirchhof , and Rüdiger Wolfrum , the former President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d1999b6c2ce4996e59ebef777f20e4a", "text": "Trivium The trivium is the lower division of the seven liberal arts and comprises grammar , logic , and rhetoric ( input , process , and output ) . The trivium is implicit in De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii ( `` On the Marriage of Philology and Mercury '' ) by Martianus Capella , but the term was not used until the Carolingian Renaissance , when it was coined in imitation of the earlier quadrivium . Grammar , logic , and rhetoric were essential to a classical education , as explained in Plato 's dialogues . The three subjects together were denoted by the word trivium during the Middle Ages , but the tradition of first learning those three subjects was established in ancient Greece . Contemporary iterations have taken various forms , including those found in certain British and American universities ( some being part of the Classical education movement ) and at the independent Oundle School in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "820315141a287d7d4c404d722c6b7c54", "text": "A History of Philosophy (Copleston) A History of Philosophy is an eleven-volume history of Western philosophy written by English Jesuit priest Frederick Charles Copleston . Copleston 's History provides extensive coverage of Western philosophy from the Pre-Socratics through Dewey , Russell , Moore , Sartre and Merleau-Ponty . The first nine volumes , originally published between 1946 and 1974 , were written for Catholic seminary students with the goal `` of supplying Catholic ecclesiastical seminaries with a work that should be somewhat more detailed and of wider scope than the textbooks , commonly in use , and which at the same time should endeavour to exhibit the logical development and interconnection of philosophical systems . '' A tenth volume was added in 1986 , and the eleventh is actually a collection of essays which appeared in 1956 as Contemporary Philosophy . Throughout the eleven volumes Copleston 's Roman Catholic ( Thomist ) point of view is never hidden . All the same , it seems generally accepted that Copleston 's treatment is fair and complete , even for philosophical positions that he does not support .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ce44f1d73c2c6e18d1b1a37f8819ecc", "text": "Porphyry (philosopher) Porphyry of Tyre ( -LSB- ˈpɔrfəri -RSB- Πορφύριος , Porphýrios ; فرفوريوس , Furfūriyūs ; c. 234 -- c. 305 AD ) was a Neoplatonic philosopher who was born in Tyre , in the Roman Empire . He edited and published the Enneads , the only collection of the work of his teacher Plotinus . His commentary on Euclid 's Elements was used as a source by Pappus of Alexandria . He also wrote many works himself on a wide variety of topics . His Isagoge , or Introduction , is an introduction to logic and philosophy , and in the Latin and Arabic translations it was the standard textbook on logic throughout the Middle Ages . In addition , through several of his works , most notably Philosophy from Oracles and Against the Christians , which was banned by emperor Constantine the Great , he was involved in a controversy with a number of early Christians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e4c9a63f609d2f65add5e22de20b29e", "text": "Dialectic Dialectic or dialectics ( διαλεκτική , dialektikḗ ) , also known as the dialectical method , is a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments . The term dialectic is not synonymous with the term debate . While in theory debaters are not necessarily emotionally invested in their point of view , in practice debaters frequently display an emotional commitment that may cloud rational judgment . Debates are won through a combination of persuading the opponent , proving one 's argument correct , and proving the opponent 's argument incorrect . Debates do not necessarily require promptly identifying a clear winner or loser ; however , clear winners are frequently determined by a judge , a jury or group consensus . The term dialectics is also not synonymous with the term rhetoric , a method or art of discourse that seeks to persuade , inform , or motivate an audience . Concepts , like `` logos '' or rational appeal , `` pathos '' or emotional appeal , and `` ethos '' or ethical appeal , are intentionally used by rhetoricians to persuade an audience . Socrates favoured truth as the highest value , proposing that it could be discovered through reason and logic in discussion : ergo , dialectic . Socrates valued rationality ( appealing to logic , not emotion ) as the proper means for persuasion , the discovery of truth , and the determinant for one 's actions . To Socrates , truth , not aretē ( moral virtue ) , was the greater good , and each person should , above all else , seek truth to guide one 's life . Therefore , Socrates opposed the Sophists and their teaching of rhetoric as art and as emotional oratory requiring neither logic nor proof . Different forms of dialectical reasoning have emerged throughout history from the Indosphere ( Greater India ) and the West ( Europe ) . These forms include the Socratic method , Hindu , Buddhist , Medieval , Hegelian dialectics , Marxist , Talmudic , and Neo-orthodoxy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ebd3589639904873a802ebc2b1f7714", "text": "Aesopian language Aesopian language is communications that convey an innocent meaning to outsiders but hold a concealed meaning to informed members of a conspiracy or underground movement . For instance , if Person X is known for exposing secrets in an organization , the organization leaders announce that `` any members who have dirty talking habits will be dealt with '' to warn Person X . It refers to the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop . The term `` Aesopian language '' was first used by the nineteenth-century Russian writer Mikhail Saltykov-Schedrin to describe the writing technique he began using late in his career , which he compared to Aesop 's Fables . His purpose was to satirize the social ills of the time but evade the harsh censorship of late Tsarist Russia of which he was a particular target . The Soviet-era writer Lev Loseff noted that the use of Aesopian language remained a favorite technique of writers ( including himself ) under Soviet censorship . Maliheh Tyrell defines the term in the Soviet context and observes that the use of Aesopian language extended to other national literatures under Soviet rule : `` In short , this form of literature , like Aesop 's animal fables , veils itself in allegorical suggestions , hints , and euphemisms so as to elude political censorship . ` Aesopian language ' or literature is a technical term used by Sovietologists to define allegorical language used by Russian or nationality -LSB- that is : non-Russian -RSB- nonconformist publicists to conceal antiregime sentiments . Under Soviet rule , this ` Aesopian ' literature intended to confuse the Soviet authorities , yet illuminate the truth for native readers . '' According to one critic , `` Censorship ... had a positive , formative impact upon the Aesopian writers ' style by obliging them to sharpen their thoughts . '' The German-American philosopher Herbert Marcuse uses the term in his book One-Dimensional Man somewhat interchangeably with Orwellian language . In that context , `` Aesopian Language '' refers to the idea that certain usages of language work to ` suppress certain concepts or keep them out of the general discourse within society ' . An example of such a technique is the use of abbreviations to possibly prevent undesirable questions from arising : `` AFL-CIO entombs the radical political differences which once separated the two organizations . '' Within the context of politics , a term with a very similar meaning is called dog-whistle politics , which describes the use of coded language to address voters ' interests . Certain sections of the electorate will react strongly to controversial content if spoken of overtly but may not be so attuned that they notice statements that appear neutral to outsiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35dca421949e4ecdf8676199de724c77", "text": "List of writers influenced by Aristotle Many philosophers and other writers have been significantly influenced by Aristotle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "797c19d3e8ed11cf05a16decf414ea07", "text": "Discourse on Metaphysics The Discourse on Metaphysics ( Discours de métaphysique , 1686 ) is a short treatise by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in which he develops a philosophy concerning physical substance , motion and resistance of bodies , and God 's role within the universe . It is one of the few texts presenting in a consistent form the earlier philosophy of Leibniz . The Discourse is closely connected to the epistolary discussion which he carried with Antoine Arnauld . However Leibniz refrained from sending the full text and it remained unpublished until the mid 19th century . Arnauld received only an abridged version in 37 points which resumed whole paragraphs and steered their discussion . The metaphysical considerations proceed from God to the substantial world and back to the spiritual realm . The starting point for the work is the conception of God as an absolutely perfect being ( I ) , that God is good but goodness exists independently of God ( a rejection of divine command theory ) ( II ) , and that God has created the world in an ordered and perfect fashion ( III -- VII ) . At the time of its writing Discourse made the controversial claim That the opinions of ... scholastic philosophers are not to be wholly despised ( XI ) . Early work in modern philosophy during the 17th century were based on a rejection of many of the precepts of medieval philosophy . Leibniz saw the failures of scholasticism merely as one of rigor . -LSB- If -RSB- some careful and meditative mind were to take the trouble to clarify and direct their thoughts in the manner of analytic geometers , he would find a great treasure of important truths , wholly demonstrable . Leibniz claimed that God 's omnipotence was in no way impugned by the thought of evil , but was rather solidified . He endorsed the view that God chose the best of all possible worlds . In other words , Leibniz believed this world ( or reality ) to be the best there possibly could be -- taking all facts into account , no better world could be imagined , even if we believed that we could think of something more perfect . Leibniz 's conception of physical substance is expanded upon in The Monadology .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f6d95bc43a3a7354c1b94cfdc25acbb0	Oakland, California is a city.	[ { "docid": "fa3af06ea5ed3d59ccb6c31c73f5fb72", "text": "Oakland, California Oakland -LSB- ˈoʊklənd -RSB- is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County , California , United States . A major West Coast port city , Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area , the third largest city overall in the San Francisco Bay Area , the eighth largest city in California , and the 45th largest city in the United States , with a population of 419,267 . It serves as a trade center for the San Francisco Bay Area ; its Port of Oakland is the busiest port in the San Francisco Bay , the entirety of Northern California , and the fifth busiest in the United States . The city was incorporated in 1852 . Oakland 's territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie , oak woodland , and north coastal scrub . Its land served as a rich resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco , and Oakland 's fertile flatland soils helped it become a prolific agricultural region . In the late 1860s , Oakland was selected as the western terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad . Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake , many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland , enlarging the city 's population , increasing its housing stock and improving its infrastructure . It continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port , shipyards , and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry . Oakland is known for its sustainability practices , including a top-ranking for usage of electricity from renewable resources . Oakland is also known for its history of political activism , as well as its professional sports franchises ( such as the Oakland Raiders , Oakland Athletics and the Golden State Warriors ) and major corporations , which include health care , dot-com companies , and manufacturers of household products . In addition , due to a steady influx of immigrants during the 20th century , along with thousands of African-American war-industry workers who relocated from the Deep South during the 1940s , Oakland is the most ethnically diverse major city in the country .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4c5d69d79f2db7f4010af214902c5caf", "text": "Arcata, California Arcata ( Hupa : do ' - khah-oon-tetl ding ' , meaning `` big flat place '' ) , originally Union Town or Union , is a city adjacent to the Arcata Bay ( northern ) portion of Humboldt Bay in Humboldt County , California , United States . At the 2010 census , Arcata 's population was 17,231 . Arcata , located 280 mi north of San Francisco ( via Highway 101 ) , is home to Humboldt State University . Arcata is also the location of the Arcata Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Land Management , which is responsible for the administration of natural resources , lands and mineral programs , including the Headwaters Forest , on approximately 200,000 acres of public land in Northwestern California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59a53b158d9563d166e6b97a6acabaf2", "text": "Bushrod Park, Oakland, California The Bushrod Park neighborhood in North Oakland , Oakland , California is an area surrounding its namesake park , and bounded by Martin Luther King , Jr. . Way to the west , Claremont Avenue to the east , Highway 24 to the south , and the Berkeley border to the north . It borders the neighborhoods of Sante Fe to the west , Fairview Park to the east , and Temescal and Shafter to the south and southeast , respectively . Notable landmarks include the Bushrod Park ballfields and the former Bushrod Washington Elementary School , which share adjoining land on a large greenbelt and open space in the heart of the neighborhood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fca4f7b9806a559f46ba1d5088ee0f4", "text": "Oakland University Oakland University ( OU ) is a public university located in the cities of Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills , Michigan . Situated on a 1443 acre campus , it was co-founded by Matilda Dodge Wilson and John A. Hannah . It is the only major research university in Oakland County , from which the school derives its name , and it serves much of the Metro Detroit region . The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching has classified OU as a Doctoral Research University . Oakland University was initially under the banner of Michigan State University as Michigan State University -- Oakland , or MSU-O . It opened in 1959 with 570 students and three buildings . In 1963 , it became known as Oakland University . The university 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Golden Grizzlies . They are members of the Horizon League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6a33f6dacf1f7f4055a11bf70c01f9d", "text": "Radio Beach The Radio Beach Shoreline , on the San Francisco Bay , is the only beach in Oakland , California . It borders the onramp to the Bay Bridge , leading into San Francisco . Its name refers to the radio towers on the beach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4525f4d6786af5c5ea8c0270dd7f9d1c", "text": "Oakland Coffee Works Oakland Coffee Works is a coffee company founded by Billie Joe Armstrong and Mike Dirnt of the rock band Green Day . Focusing on sustainability , it is the first coffee company in the world to offer only 100 % fully organic and compostable-packaged products . The Financial Times reported Oakland Coffee 's launch in December 2015 as was the world 's first fully compostable 12 oz . coffee bags and fully compostable single-serve coffee cups . Oakland Coffee sources their beans in the High Andes of Peru , and also in Bolivia and Honduras , and the coffee is organic and fair trade . Oakland Coffee also launched a grass roots charitable organization in 2013 , working in partnership with Crescendos Alliance to support communities in Peru in regions where the coffee beans are grown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a670ed2790394e13fbf76766da10da01", "text": "Oakland Open The Oakland Open was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour from 1937 to 1944 . It was played in Oakland , California at the Claremont Country Club in 1937 and at the Sequoyah Country Club from 1938 to 1944 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25f8c24b29fb984f83617e0b8afaf24f", "text": "Amazon Watch Amazon Watch is a nonprofit organization Founded in 1996 , and based in Oakland , California , it works to protect the rainforest and advance the rights of indigenous peoples in the Amazon Basin . It partners with indigenous and environmental organizations in Ecuador , Peru , Colombia and Brazil in campaigns for human rights , corporate accountability and the preservation of the Amazon 's ecological systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af34ec4fa255733e46afd983c0439188", "text": "Oakland, New Jersey Oakland is a borough in Bergen County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the borough 's population was 12,754 , reflecting an increase of 288 ( +2.3 % ) from the 12,466 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 469 ( +3.9 % ) from the 11,997 counted in the 1990 Census . Oakland was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8 , 1902 , from portions of Franklin Township ( now Wyckoff ) . The name comes from the white oak trees in the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51ded02ee290739764b4ba87d443659c", "text": "Oakland Heritage Alliance Oakland Heritage Alliance ( OHA ) is an American non-profit organization based in Oakland , California . OHA advocates the protection , preservation , and revitalization of Oakland 's architectural , historic , cultural and natural resources through publications , education , and direct action . OHA began in 1980 with a bankroll of $ 150 and seven individuals who loved the city 's history . Founding members came from a core of those involved in the Oakland Cultural Heritage Survey which was funded by a 1979 state grant . OHA activities : Partners in Preservation awards are given to encourage organizations and individuals to restore and revitalize Oakland 's historic homes , buildings , structures , and neighborhoods and to support sensitive adaptive use . Walking tours concentrate on a single neighborhood at a time and are open to both OHA members and the public on a sliding scale fee . Most walking tours take place on Saturdays and Sundays in the summer . Open house tours are similar to walking tours but offer the chance to see inside a handful of private homes each of which exemplify a particular architectural style common to the tour 's focus . Participation at the city government level to promote preservation . Oakland Heritage Alliance publishes a quarterly newsletter : OHA News . Membership is open to any interested party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3454217eda00cad7ad7e6882e4b2b020", "text": "Orinda, California Orinda is a city in Contra Costa County , California , United States . The population was 17,643 at the 2010 census , and was estimated in 2012 to have increased to 18,342 . Orinda was ranked the second most friendly town in America by Forbes . The town is located just east of the city of Berkeley and is home to many affluent suburban professionals who commute to downtown Oakland , San Francisco , and Walnut Creek . Its location provides for a more rustic landscape , and Orinda 's many parks and trails make it a destination for many Bay Area hikers and naturalists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2e88759643378b2506580697e55a3d3", "text": "California statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including 4 combined statistical area , 26 metropolitan statistical areas , and 9 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of California . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 58 counties of California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "595992b4562de3650c854b2f666d450e", "text": "San Leandro, California San Leandro is a suburban city in Alameda County , California , United States . It is located on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay , between Oakland to the northwest and Hayward to the southeast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "935253187579101c79b7ee5a5e7afa9a", "text": "Oakland City, Atlanta Oakland City is a neighborhood in southwestern Atlanta , Georgia , just southwest across the BeltLine from West End and Adair Park . Oakland City was incorporated as a city in 1894 and annexed to Atlanta in 1910 . Oakland City Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . It contains wood and brick bungalows as well as Minimal Traditional , English Vernacular Revival , and Craftsman houses . The district included the Withers House , which was demolished in the first decade of the 2000s . The neighborhood is served by the Oakland City MARTA station .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaddcf6f98513557ea972ec6a37b5c3d", "text": "Chinese enclaves in the San Gabriel Valley Chinese communities form a substantial portion of the population of the San Gabriel Valley . The region has achieved international prominence as a hub of overseas Chinese or hua qiao . Although Chinese immigrants were a noteworthy presence in the establishment of Southern California from the 19th century , significant Chinese migration to suburban San Gabriel Valley coincided with a trend of white out-migration from the 1970s onward . This opened an opportunity for well-educated and affluent Asian Americans to begin settling in the west San Gabriel Valley , primarily to Monterey Park . High property values and overcrowding in Monterey Park have contributed to a secondary movement away from that city , and the Chinese community is now spread over a cluster of cities in the west San Gabriel Valley . Suburban cities in the valley with large non-white populations , also called ethnoburbs , include Alhambra , Arcadia , Rosemead , San Marino , San Gabriel , South Pasadena , and Temple City and then eastward to Diamond Bar , Hacienda Heights , Rowland Heights , and Walnut . Numerous Mandarin - and Cantonese-speaking businesses have been established in these suburbs to accommodate the changing population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc5c9857ecdd0c85983e0528ce063555", "text": "Joaquin Miller Park Joaquin Miller Park is a large open space park in the Oakland Hills owned and operated by the city of Oakland , California . It is named after early California writer and poet Joaquin Miller , who bought the land in the 1880s , naming it `` The Hights '' -LSB- sic -RSB- , and lived in the house preserved as the Joaquin Miller House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6a5ce8821edef182fcd490e00816c5a", "text": "Alameda County, California Alameda County ( -LSB- ˌælə ` mi :d ə -RSB- ) is a county in the state of California in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 1,510,271 , making it the 7th-most populous county in the state . Its county seat is Oakland . Alameda County is included in the San Francisco Bay Area , occupying much of the East Bay region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5db2791252e7a88476ab7ca587908ff2", "text": "List of city nicknames in California This partial list of city nicknames in California compiles the aliases , sobriquets , mottos and slogans that cities in California are known by ( or have been known by historically ) , officially and unofficially , to locals , outsiders or their tourism boards or chambers of commerce . City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity , helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname ; promote civic pride ; and build community unity . Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community `` ideology or myth '' are also believed to have economic value . Their economic value is difficult to measure , but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by `` branding '' themselves by adopting new slogans . Some unofficial nicknames are positive , while others are derisive . The unofficial nicknames listed here have been in use for a long time or have gained wide currency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55f5596f262c2cedeba3c9cd7f38d797", "text": "American Indian Public Charter School American Indian Public Charter School or AIPCS is an Oakland , California charter middle school with predominantly low-income , minority students . It opened in 1996 and struggled over the next few years until a turnaround after 2000 brought up enrollment numbers and test scores . By 2005 , the AIPCS students achieved test scores superior those of most public schools in the state . Its principal , Ben Chavis ( Lumbee ) , a Native American educator , believed that minority students were best served by high expectations for strong attendance and discipline , as well as regular homework and summer school . Chavis was criticized for some of his methods . In 2007 AICPS became the first public school in Oakland to win the National Blue Ribbon Award . The AICPS attracted an increasingly diverse student body as enrollment increased , with higher proportions of African American , Asian and Latino students than Native Americans . By 2012 its students were overwhelmingly Asian . The American Indian Model Schools charter system developed from the AIPCS in order to expand the offerings to students . Since 2007 , under new management , it has operated three schools in the city , two middle schools ( one had grades K-4 added in 2012 ) , and a high school . The charter for the AIMS schools was threatened in 2012 because of discoveries of financial mismanagement and concerns about leadership . Although the Oakland School District voted to revoke the charter , the school system gained a preliminary injunction that allowed it to operate the three schools . With new leaders , it gained a 5-year renewal of its charter in 2013 . Other irregularities were reported in 2012 as the result of a state `` extraordinary audit '' of the second middle school , AIPCS II . There were allegations of additional mismanagement and fraud . In March 2017 former principal Ben Chavis was indicted by the federal government on six felony counts for money laundering and mail fraud based on his financial activities with the AIMS schools . He will be tried in federal district court in San Francisco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d25e18cb6eb8d7833fcad09398a01869", "text": "Seminary Park, Oakland, California Seminary Park is a neighborhood in Oakland in Alameda County , California . It lies at an elevation of 79 feet ( 24 m ) . It is centered on Seminary Avenue adjacent to Mills College .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb766bf7a00f7ac1dcd96bd687d0ea5f", "text": "Bay Area Technology School The Bay Area Technology School ( BayTech ) is a public charter school located in Oakland , California , United States . BayTech is a college prep middle and high school which serves 6th through 12th grade students from the East Bay Region . The school was established in 2004 by Willow Education Foundation .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a31a0f20316e7a6cb38d8eb641764673	Labor Pains was released on Blu-Ray.	[ { "docid": "28ccef02dcc04c62d17ae29d548161de", "text": "Labor Pains Labor Pains ( also known as Almost Pregnant in Mexico ) is a 2009 romantic comedy film written by Stacy Kramer . Originally the film was released in theatres on July 9 , 2009 , only in Europe , Latin America and United Arab Emirates . In United States , the film received a television premiere on ABC Family on July 19 , 2009 . The film drew 2.1 million viewers , a better-than-average prime-time audience for ABC Family , and per the network , was the week 's top cable film among coveted female demographic groups . Labor Pains was directed by Lara Shapiro and was released on DVD and Blu-Ray on August 4 and 31 in the United States and United Kingdom , respectively . It was starring Lindsay Lohan , Bridgit Mendler , Luke Kirby , Chris Parnell , Cheryl Hines and Kevin Covais .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b4447f737ba4387b5527c073c2dbfd45", "text": "Die Hardest (film)", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecc7228ca0b7f0fe860ed86448cf3312", "text": "List of S-CRY-ed episodes s-CRY-ed , also known as s.CRY.ed or Scryed , is a 26 episode Japanese anime television series . It is produced by Sunrise , directed by Gorō Taniguchi and written by Yōsuke Kuroda . S-CRY-ed first aired in Japan on TV Tokyo and Animax . The series is set in an alternative time where in Kanagawa Prefecture a phenomenon granted a 1 % of its people supernatural powers known as `` Alters '' . The plot follows a young Alter mercenary known as Kazuma as well as Ryuho , a man working for the Alter special forces known as HOLY who become rivals as their areas clash . In Japan , the series was released in 2001 between July 4 and December 26 for a total of twenty-six episodes . These were collected in a total of nine DVD volumes between November 25 , 2001 and July 25 , 2002 . A DVD box containing all episodes was released on January 25 , 2008 whereas a Blu-ray box was made available on October 26 , 2011 . The anime was licensed by Bandai Entertainment in early 2003 . Starting in 2003 , Bandai released the show in North America as six individual Region 1 volumes , followed by a complete six-disc box set in November 2004 . Bandai 's European branch Beez Entertainment published the series in the United Kingdom . The release was in a total of six DVD volumes released between June 6 , 2005 and February 27 , 2006 . Later , the series premiered on Adult Swim in the United States on May 28 , 2005 , after select episodes had been aired on Adult Swim 's Video On Demand service for nearly a year . On September 27 , 2005 , Bandai re-released s-CRY-ed under the Anime Legends banner , in three two-disc volumes , followed by the Anime Legends Complete Collection on October 24 , 2006 . Following the 2012 closure of Bandai Entertainment , Sunrise announced at Otakon 2013 , that Sentai Filmworks has rescued S-CRY-ed , along with a handful of other former BEI titles . The music of S-CRY-ed was composed by Kōtarō Nakagawa . Its original soundtrack was released on November 21 , 2001 whereas two drama CDs were released on December 19 of the same year . For the first twenty-five episodes the opening and ending are `` Reckless Fire '' by Yasuaki Ide and `` Drastic My Soul '' by Mikio Sakai , respectively . However , for episode twenty-six , `` Reckless Fire '' is replaced by `` Drastic My Soul '' whereas the ending theme is `` Tabidachi no Kane ga Naru '' ( `` The Bell of Setting out for a Journey Will Ring '' ) by Mikio Sakai . There are also three insert song starting with `` All I Need Is Love '' by Sakai for episodes fourteen and seventeen , `` Magma '' by Ide for episode nineteen and `` Discovery '' by Sakai . Both the singles of `` Reckless Fire '' and `` Drastic My Soul '' were released on August 22 , 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "111e9b33fcbc91f97a48898c2b3142be", "text": "BFI Flipside BFI Flipside is a series of Dual Format Editions ( DVD and Blu-ray released together ) which was launched in May 2009 and is published by the British Film Institute 's Video label . The series so far features a total of 65 feature and short films , as well as 10 archive interviews with the likes of Spike Milligan , Peter Cook and Richard Lester . The BFI Flipside charts `` the untold history of British film '' , and includes performances by such celebrated actors as John Hurt , Jane Asher , Ian McNeice , Richard O'Brien , Tom Bell , Peter Cook , Barry Evans , Denholm Elliott and Judy Geeson in films directed by the likes of Clive Donner , Richard Lester , Barney Platts-Mills , John Irvin , Stuart Cooper , Guy Hamilton , Peter Watkins and James Hill . Each BFI Flipside edition includes a feature film presentation that is complemented by additional film content ( sometimes a second feature film by the same director , or a selection of short films which are related to the main feature by subject , era , actor or director ) . Each release is packaged in distinctive artwork which carries the volume number on the spine , and with a comprehensive booklet containing informative essays , full cast and credit information , original film reviews and reproductions of original promotional material . The Flipside is dedicated to releasing British film titles which have never been available on any home video format before ( though some exceptions have been noted by the label 's founder and programmer ) , and all films are newly mastered to High Definition from the best available film materials from the BFI National Archive or from the collections of filmmakers . Each title was originally released on both DVD and Blu-ray , but since The Pleasure Girls in a dual format release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e1646d4f8bb9dccecc30ce471b6457", "text": "Dear Agony Dear Agony is the fourth studio album by rock band Breaking Benjamin . It was released on September 29 , 2009 . A Best Buy edition , Japanese import version , and Zune exclusive version were also released , all of which feature bonus content . This is the last album to contain work from all featured band members except Ben Burnley due to the legal issues between Burnley and the two members Aaron Fink and Mark Klepaski during 2011 , and drummer Chad Szeliga departing in 2013 over creative differences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "958b9a942af35973bd514f5c3c5cde3b", "text": "The Mourning After The Mourning After is the third studio album by the American metal band 40 Below Summer . The album was released on October 28 , 2003 via Razor & Tie Records . Two singles were released from the album in `` Self Medicate '' and `` Taxi Cab Confession '' . During promotion of the album , 40 Below Summer appeared on Headbangers Ball , and the video for `` Self Medicate '' found significant airplay and the song was featured on the soundtrack for the thriller film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre . This video features the group performing the song in a city park as well as various acts of indulgent `` self medication '' by townspeople ( i.e. secretively buying pornography , gorging on food , making out ) . The following year , MTV2 held a fan 's choice poll for the Best Metal Videos of 2004 . The results aired on the December 25 edition of Headbangers Ball with `` Self Medicate '' ranking in at # 18 . The CD is Content/Copy-Protected with MediaMax Digital Rights Management Software on it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b07309117445ce3a157782957d351bd8", "text": "Boxing Fever Boxing Fever is a boxing video game developed by Digital Fiction and published by Majesco Entertainment for the Game Boy Advance . It was released in North America on October 30 , 2001 , and in Europe on February 15 , 2002 . Boxing Fever is a first person boxing game , portrayed from the perspective of the player 's fighter . Multiplayer is supported through the link cable . Boxing Fever received positive reviews from critics , who noted its creative visual style . As of 2009 , Boxing Fever has received compilation scores of 76 % and 75 % on MetaCritic and GameRankings respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "735b41aba9b770bbe7c83af5257e1a47", "text": "Chronicles: Death Row Classics Chronicles : Death Row Classics is a Dr. Dre greatest hits album released by Death Row Records on June 27 , 2006 . This is the follow-up of the album Chronicle : Best of the Works ( 2002 ) . While Chronicle : Best of the Work was originally released by Death Row UK , and thus not officially a Death Row album , this is an official Death Row release . Some of the songs from Dr. Dre 's 1992 album The Chronic that were not included on Chronicle : Best of the Work are on this album . A few songs that were already on Chronicle : Best of the Work are also on it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7e0664c4ef1a3eebeb6eb0d04247607", "text": "2017 in home video The following films , television shows and miniseries have been released or are scheduled to be released on Blu-ray Disc and/or DVD on the following dates in 2017 in the United States and Canada . Specific details are subject to change .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c61475141ef1d51ae6edcab3d863f", "text": "Little Boy (film) Little Boy is a 2015 World War II war fantasy-drama film directed by Alejandro Gómez Monteverde . The screenplay is by Monteverde and Pepe Portillo , and the film was produced by Eduardo Verástegui and Leo Severino , edited by Joan Sobel and Fernando Villena . The film stars Jakob Salvati , Emily Watson , Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa , Michael Rapaport , David Henrie , Ben Chaplin , Eduardo Verástegui , Ted Levine , Abraham Benrubi , Tom Wilkinson . The title is a reference to Little Boy , the code name for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima as well as a reference to Pepper , the main character 's height . The film was co-produced by Metanoia Films and Santa Fé Films and was released on April 24 , 2015 , by Open Road Films . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18 , 2015 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment . The film received negative reviews from mainstream critics and it earned $ 17 million on a $ 20 million budget . The story of the movie is being used in the 2017 Bollywood movie Tubelight starring Salman Khan in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2354bdfe3d316c78ab2cea45054fe0", "text": "The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title . The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel . The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9898d918a6fb33905deb8ccb102f1a4d", "text": "Vinyl (1965 film) Vinyl is a 1965 American black-and-white experimental film directed by Andy Warhol at The Factory . It is an early adaptation of Anthony Burgess ' novel A Clockwork Orange , starring Gerard Malanga , Edie Sedgwick , Ondine , and Tosh Carillo , and featuring such songs as `` Nowhere to Run '' by Martha and the Vandellas , `` Tired of Waiting for You '' by The Kinks , `` The Last Time '' by The Rolling Stones and `` Shout '' by The Isley Brothers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21fb9f430c0f14b7326ce20ffdaaa679", "text": "Partogram A partogram or partograph is a composite graphical record of key data ( maternal and fetal ) during labour entered against time on a single sheet of paper . Relevant measurements might include statistics such as cervical dilation , fetal heart rate , duration of labour and vital signs . It is intended to provide an accurate record of the progress in labour , so that any delay or deviation from normal may be detected quickly and treated accordingly . However , a Cochrane review came to the conclusion that there is insufficient evidence to recommend partograms in standard labour management and care . Many partograms showing cervical dilation versus time include an alert line . It starts at the position where there is 3 or 4 cm of cervical dilation . It is then continued diagonally at a rate of 1 cm per hour in primigravidae and 1.5 cm in multigravidae . An action line is parallel to the alert line , and is located 4 hours to the right of the alert line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a240fb551eae70cf9ce1bbe882c8480b", "text": "Comparison of high definition optical disc formats This article compares the technical specifications of multiple high definition formats , including HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc ; two mutually incompatible , high definition optical disc formats that , beginning in 2006 , attempted to improve upon and eventually replace the DVD standard . The two formats remained in a format war until February 19 , 2008 when Toshiba , HD DVD 's creator , announced plans to cease development , manufacturing and marketing of HD DVD players and recorders . Other high-definition optical disc formats were attempted , including the multi-layered red-laser Versatile Multilayer Disc and a Chinese made format called EVD . Both appear to have been abandoned by their respective developers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8678cfd4df9b27b96e6c1cc617019e7", "text": "Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life . Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack . The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film . It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 . The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8541388752059e6798a02aaef1fad2c0", "text": "List of Criterion Collection UK releases This is a list of Criterion Collection Blu-ray titles released in U.K. , distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment . The Criterion Collection is a video distribution company which specializes in licensing and selling `` important classic and contemporary films '' in `` editions that offer the highest technical quality and award-winning , original supplements . '' Janus Films and the Voyager Company established The Criterion Collection in 1984 as a privately held company concentrating upon the North American home video market . In March 2016 , Criterion announced that due to a distribution partnership with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment select Criterion Collection titles would be launching in U.K. as Blu-ray editions , starting on April 18 , 2016 . So far all the released titles have been films that have already been released in US by Criterion Collection , or that have received simultaneous releases in the US and U.K. . So far all the released titles have been identical to their US counterparts apart from region coding ( A in the US and B in U.K. ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "651db2698014725bec9ea26a1973ee3c", "text": "Mac Blu-ray Player Macgo Mac Blu-ray Player is a proprietary Blu-ray Disc media playing software , first released in 2011 by Macgo Inc. . It provides playback functionality for Blu-ray Discs , DVDs , and other media formats for Mac and Microsoft Windows . Free trial versions are available for both Mac and PC platforms . It is also a media player for playing Blu-ray Disc/Folder or ISO files on Windows 8.1 / 8/7/Vista / XP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b454573028840571611976ae9df969a8", "text": "The Great Moment (1944 film) The Great Moment is a 1944 biographical film written and directed by Preston Sturges . Based on the book Triumph Over Pain ( 1940 ) by René Fülöp-Miller , it tells the story of Dr. William Thomas Green Morton , a 19th-century Boston dentist who discovered the use of ether for general anesthesia . The film stars Joel McCrea and Betty Field , and features Harry Carey , William Demarest , Franklin Pangborn and Porter Hall . The movie was filmed in 1942 but not released for over two years , and the released version differed from what Preston Sturges had wished , although he publicly accepted the film as his own . Paramount Pictures disliked the film Sturges had made , and pulled it from his control , re-titled and re-edited it , in the process making it ( especially in the early segment ) more confusing for the audience to understand . The studio 's released version was marketed in a way that made it appear to be one of Sturges ' comedies . The film was not well received by the critics or the public , and marked the end of a sustained run of success for Sturges , who had already left Paramount by the time the film was released . Although rarely seen today , the film is worth viewing for its flashback structure -- comparable in some ways to Citizen Kane , which was influenced by the earlier film The Power and the Glory , for which Sturges wrote the screenplay -- and for its irreverent and subtly satirical tone , unusual for a time when most Hollywood biopics were over-inflated and sentimental . In 2003 a medical-dental historian in a lengthy analysis of the movie and its history -- which cited its flashback structure , timeless subject , injections of humor , and `` un-Pasteur-like '' treatment of its protagonist , while adhering reasonably well to the historical record -- concluded that `` The Great Moment may now be due for a general reevaluation by movie historians and critics who , like most folks , have never felt much affection for dentists past and present . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d52589d810d6cd0acd5179e16e7fd2", "text": "Drawn By Pain Drawn By Pain is a 12-part episodic internet series . It is about the spiral into one woman 's search for salvation as her animated madness fights for her sanity in the real world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c407670dae572e77433bfaeed170c232", "text": "Jellyfish Eyes is a 2013 Japanese fantasy film directed by contemporary artist Takashi Murakami . His debut feature film , it was released in Japan on April 26 , 2013 . Jellyfish Eyes was released on Blu-Ray in Japan on January 24 , 2014 ; The Criterion Collection released the film on DVD and Blu-Ray in North America on December 8 , 2015 . A sequel to the film has been announced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be3acea67094519a5f83545bbcd0e62c", "text": "Growing Pains (Json album) Growing Pains is the fourth album from Json . Lamp Mode Recordings released the project on February 21 , 2012 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a89d7f2e17b50b9d1d4368053e673ce9	Elementary has the actor Jon Michael Hill.	[ { "docid": "607ad7987bc72fd6bc3cc4ac273da5d7", "text": "Jon Michael Hill Jon Michael Hill is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Detective Damon Washington in the ABC police drama , Detroit 1-8-7 and currently co-stars as Detective Marcus Bell in the CBS series Elementary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ea2bc66891e8160fc8cc8a3896e1c3", "text": "Elementary (TV series) Elementary is an American procedural drama series that presents a contemporary update of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's character Sherlock Holmes . The series was created by Robert Doherty and stars Jonny Lee Miller as Sherlock Holmes and Lucy Liu as Dr. Joan Watson . The series premiered on CBS on September 27 , 2012 . The series is set and filmed primarily in New York City . The show follows Holmes , a recovering drug addict and former consultant to Scotland Yard , as he assists the New York City Police Department in solving crimes . His indifference to police procedure often leads to conflict with Captain Thomas Gregson ( Aidan Quinn ) , although the two still remain mutually respectful of one another . He is accompanied by Dr. Joan Watson ( Lucy Liu ) , who initially acts as his sober companion . She is a former surgeon and was hired by Sherlock 's father to help him in his rehabilitation . They eventually begin to work together on his cases , and she becomes Holmes ' apprentice . The series also features Holmes ' ongoing conflict with his nemesis Jamie Moriarty ( Natalie Dormer ) . Other supporting roles include Jon Michael Hill as Detective Marcus Bell , Rhys Ifans as Sherlock 's brother , Mycroft Holmes , and John Noble as Sherlock 's father , Morland Holmes . Before the series premiered , it was met with some criticism given it followed closely on the heels of the BBC 's modern adaptation Sherlock . After the premiere , it was picked up for a full season and later an extra two episodes . The season two premiere was partly filmed on location in London . The series has since been well received by critics , who have praised the performances , writing , and novel approach to the source material . On March 25 , 2016 , CBS renewed the series for a fifth season , which premiered on October 2 , 2016 . On May 13 , 2017 , CBS renewed the series for a sixth season .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "92fb1921edd49c8d8a717c20fe0b9695", "text": "Jim Michaels Jim Michaels ( born September 12 , 1965 in Chicago , Illinois ) is an American television producer . He is the son of Anna Mae and Robert Michaels and was raised in the suburbs of Des Plaines and Arlington Heights . Michaels graduated from John Hersey High School in Arlington Heights , Illinois and attended the University of Evansville and graduated with a degree in Business . Michaels ran the in house computer graphics department at a studio at MCA/Universal . Michaels then moved into television production , eventually producing the NBC series Midnight Caller for NBC and Reasonable Doubts . Michaels other series included ; Charlie Grace for ABC ; The Guardian and dr. Vegas for CBS ; Odyssey 5 ; for Showtime ; and Lois & Clark : The New Adventures of Superman . Michaels is a member of the Producer 's Guild of America , Directors Guild of America , Screen Actors Guild , The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences , American Film Institute and has guest lectered at the Academy of Art , UCLA and NYU . Michaels worked with Ali LeRoi and Chris Rock producing the television series Everybody Hates Chris for four seasons and has now joined the production team at Supernatural for the 2009 -- 2017 seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4b800f3855e9504c60dd1e1c6d88bbe", "text": "Joel Beckett Joel Beckett ( born Joel Bygraves ) is an actor , known for playing Jake Moon in the BBC soap opera EastEnders from December 2004 to October 2006 and as Lee in the British comedy series The Office . Born in Potton , Bedfordshire , he was educated at Bedford School . He also played Lee , Dawn 's fiance in Ricky Gervais & Stephen Merchant 's The Office and also appeared in other television series such as Holby City and Band of Brothers . In 2005 he appeared in the film Green Street as a pub landlord .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2f69d292e19f873d00e450eec51c18f", "text": "Charlie Young Charles `` Charlie '' Young is a fictional character played by Dulé Hill on the television serial drama The West Wing . For the majority of the series , he is the Personal Aide to President Josiah Bartlet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8be866258c17aa1a7eb2cbf02870b0a0", "text": "Michael Christian (actor) Michael Christian is an American actor best known for such films and television series as Peyton Place as Joe Rossi , Poor Pretty Eddie , Hard Knocks and Private Obsession .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b827afa3adae09b0162154f830880375", "text": "Michael Zorek Michael Zorek is an American film and television actor perhaps best known for such films and television series as Private School , Family Ties , The Facts of Life , Hot Moves , The Woman in Red , Camp Nowhere and Teen Wolf Too . In June 2002 , Zorek was featured in an article in The New York Times about life as a stay-at-home father after leaving his job as an account executive at a Manhattan public relations firm . In May 2013 , The Huffington Post published a follow up article by the same author of The New York Times piece , Lisa Belkin . Zorek 's son Jeremy is also an actor and performed in a 2011 national tour of Billy Elliot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee170d24518eddab940514b7be879177", "text": "Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes . `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform . `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges . The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79f6c70b490f2c02bf70e328661768b7", "text": "Jerod Mixon Jerod Mixon ( born May 24 , 1981 ) is an American actor . Mixon is most probably known more for portraying Weensie in Old School . He is the brother of actor Jamal Mixon . He 's also a producer and actor in the movie `` White T '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d60a68e57629db99d792b2d7985fa541", "text": "Christopher Hanke Christopher Jason Hanke , often credited as Christopher J. Hanke , ( born 1976 ) is an American actor known for his roles on Broadway and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e95469601a0358bb82c84e1122fb22c", "text": "Philip Hill-Pearson Philip Hill-Pearson is a British actor . He trained at East 15 Acting School , graduating in 2009 . Shortly after graduating from the drama school , he was cast as Bruce Donnelly in the comedy drama series Shameless . Following on from this , he went on to work in a range of differing television programs , including Good Cop and Doctors , and also films such as United , with David Tennant , and Steven Spielberg 's adaptation of Michael Morpurgo 's War Horse . Alongside his extensive work in British film and television , Pearson also worked with the Hull Truck Theatre on their stage production of The Rise and Fall of Little Voice in 2011 , playing the role of Billy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72142050c9fd269615eb434fa11e9a1", "text": "James Wilby James Jonathon Wilby ( born 20 February 1958 ) is an English film , television and theatre actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ca52ef60212a91ea629db5d07df0f5", "text": "Joseph Gordon-Levitt Joseph Leonard Gordon-Levitt ( -LSB- ˈlɛvᵻt -RSB- born February 17 , 1981 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . As a child actor , he appeared in the films A River Runs Through It , Angels in the Outfield and 10 Things I Hate About You , and as Tommy Solomon in the TV series 3rd Rock from the Sun . He took a break from acting to study at Columbia University , but dropped out in 2004 to pursue acting again . He has since starred in 500 Days of Summer , Inception , Hesher , 50/50 , Premium Rush , The Dark Knight Rises , Brick , Looper , The Lookout , Manic , Lincoln , Mysterious Skin and G.I. Joe : The Rise of Cobra . He starred as Philippe Petit in the Robert Zemeckis-directed film The Walk ( 2015 ) , and as Edward Snowden in the Oliver Stone film Snowden ( 2016 ) . He also founded the online production company hitRECord in 2004 and has hosted his own TV series , HitRecord on TV , since January 2014 . In 2013 , Gordon-Levitt made his feature film directing and screenwriting debut with Don Jon , a comedy film in which he also stars . He previously directed and edited two short films , both of which were released in 2010 : Morgan M. Morgansen 's Date with Destiny and Morgan and Destiny 's Eleventeenth Date : The Zeppelin Zoo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebdfa36d7fb64bda808750013a40e4ac", "text": "David Morse (actor) David Bowditch Morse ( born October 11 , 1953 ) is an American actor , singer , director and writer . He first came to national attention as Dr. Jack `` Boomer '' Morrison in the medical drama series St. Elsewhere ( 1982 -- 88 ) . He continued his film career with roles in The Negotiator , Contact , The Green Mile , Disturbia , The Long Kiss Goodnight , The Rock and 12 Monkeys . In 2006 , Morse had a recurring role as Detective Michael Tritter on the medical drama series House , for which he received an Emmy Award nomination . He portrayed George Washington in the 2008 HBO miniseries John Adams , which garnered him a second Emmy nomination . He has also received acclaim for his portrayal of Uncle Peck on the Off-Broadway play How I Learned to Drive , earning a Drama Desk Award and Obie Award . He had success on Broadway too , portraying James `` Sharky '' Harkin in The Seafarer . From 2010 to 2013 , he portrayed Terry Colson , an honest police officer in a corrupt New Orleans police department , on the HBO series Treme . He currently stars in the WGN America series Outsiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a39f2b1bcb508933901ced210e07dbee", "text": "Justin Edwards (actor) Justin Matthew Edwards ( born 1972 ) is an English actor and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb0325d454a8df4e9fb8703158bc5d39", "text": "Jon Lindstrom Jon Lindstrom ( born October 18 , 1957 ) is an American actor , writer , director , producer , and musician . He is well known for his role as Kevin Collins on the ABC Daytime soap opera General Hospital and its spin-off Port Charles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6766f71ead83dce0ae8106b0deb90059", "text": "Ian Michael Smith Ian Michael Smith ( born May 5 , 1987 ) is an American actor , known for his starring role in Simon Birch . His short physical stature is a result of Morquio syndrome , a rare enzymatic disorder affecting the circulatory , muscular and skeletal systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d8708b518c378978d93b14e689924da", "text": "Prime Suspect Prime Suspect is a British police procedural television drama series . It stars Helen Mirren as Jane Tennison , one of the first female Detective Chief Inspectors in Greater London 's Metropolitan Police Service , as she rises to rank of Detective Superintendent whilst confronting the institutionalised sexism that exists within her job .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f57d0739c1de2b89b6240452cbe5e3b3", "text": "Indian Hill Exempted Village School District The Indian Hill Exempted Village School District is a public school district in Indian Hill , Ohio , a suburb of Cincinnati , Ohio . It is divided into four schools : High School , which is the ninth through twelfth grades ; Middle School , which has sixth through eighth grades ; Elementary School , which has third through fifth grades ; and Primary School , which has Kindergarten , first , and second grades . The school district encompasses the suburbs of Kenwood , Camp Dennison , Indian Hill , and Madeira , and parts of Symmes and Sycamore townships . District-wide enrollment is approximately 1,900 students ( 2015 ) . All schools in the district are rated `` Excellent '' by the Ohio Department of Education and the High School was named one of the top 100 in the country by both Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report magazines . In 2008 , Indian Hill Elementary was rated `` Excellence with Distinction '' by the state of Ohio . School Match , an educational research data base that ranks K-12 schools , continually ranks Indian Hill High School in the 99th percentile in national averages for SAT and ACT scores .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8af072116b32c1cb014a0c83bf09a08b", "text": "Michael Mulheren Michael Mulheren is an American actor from Middletown , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "487cee946e016723e5a6af07d7e1b38d", "text": "Top of the Hill Top of the Hill is a political drama series aired by CBS as part of its 1989 fall lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb94f33810ccf6749c54cfb7d3ad576e", "text": "Pilot (One Tree Hill) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of One Tree Hill 's first season . It first aired on The WB television network in the United States on September 23 , 2003 . It was written by Mark Schwahn and directed by Bryan Gordon . It saw John Keenan and Melissa Claire Egan guest star as Officer Wayman and Melody , respectively . It introduces the character of Lucas Scott ( played by Chad Michael Murray ) -- a high school student -- and his friends and relatives in the fictional Tree Hill , North Carolina .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9bbafd4a2754123b71c53f8c201b73ca	Guardians of the Galaxy is a superhero film.	[ { "docid": "952aab47968350883b99accb51604c85", "text": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film) Guardians of the Galaxy ( retroactively referred to as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 1 ) is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the tenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was directed by James Gunn , who wrote the screenplay with Nicole Perlman , and features an ensemble cast including Chris Pratt , Zoe Saldana , Dave Bautista , Vin Diesel , Bradley Cooper , Lee Pace , Michael Rooker , Karen Gillan , Djimon Hounsou , John C. Reilly , Glenn Close , and Benicio del Toro . In Guardians of the Galaxy , Peter Quill forms an uneasy alliance with a group of extraterrestrial misfits who are fleeing after stealing a powerful artifact . Perlman began working on the screenplay in 2009 . Producer Kevin Feige first publicly mentioned Guardians of the Galaxy as a potential film in 2010 and Marvel Studios announced it was in active development at the San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2012 . Gunn was hired to write and direct the film that September . In February 2013 , Pratt was hired to play Peter Quill / Star-Lord , and the supporting cast members were subsequently confirmed . Principal photography began in July 2013 at Shepperton Studios in England , with filming continuing in London before wrapping up in October 2013 . Post-production was finished on July 7 , 2014 . The film premiered in Hollywood on July 21 , 2014 . It was released in theaters on August 1 , 2014 in the United States in the 3D and IMAX 3D formats . The film became a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 773.3 million worldwide and becoming the highest-grossing superhero film of 2014 , as well as the third highest-grossing film in North America of 2014 . The film garnered praise for its humor , action , soundtrack , visual effects , direction , musical score , and acting . A sequel , Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 , was released on May 5 , 2017 , with a third film , Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 3 , planned .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbdf564ca2264907ce793fef0385720d", "text": "The New Avengers (comics) The New Avengers is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The title has been used for four American comic book series . The first two were written by Brian Michael Bendis and depicted a version of Marvel 's premiere superhero team , the Avengers . The third was written by Jonathan Hickman and depicted a group of characters called the Illuminati ( formerly introduced in New Avengers Vol . 1 # 7 -LSB- July 2005 -RSB- ) . The fourth is written by Al Ewing and depicts the former scientific terrorist group A.I.M. , reformed as `` Avengers Idea Mechanics '' , whose field team has appropriated the name `` New Avengers '' for itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7c7e6e5d04ebbd64303008ab55a8e60", "text": "Space Squad is a set of two V-Cinema movies , first released in Japanese theaters in June 17 , 2017 while DVD and Blu-Ray releases were made on separate dates . It features the crossover between 2012 Metal Hero Series movie Space Sheriff Gavan : The Movie and the twenty-eighth Super Sentai Series entry Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger , both works are distributed by Toei Company . In addition , past actors from Metal Hero Series are also set to appear as guests in the films . Both director Koichi Sakamoto and writer Naruhisa Arakawa previously worked in Space Sheriffs : Next Generation . Another work from Space Sheriff Gavan was planned since 2015 but production was moved to 2016 due to Sakamoto 's scheduling conflicts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05956e8ed91bed9a8dd89213d43da62", "text": "Thor (Marvel Comics) Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir , which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( Aug. 1962 ) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , trading cards , video games , and movies . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor , The Avengers , Thor : The Dark World and Avengers : Age of Ultron and will reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok , Avengers : Infinity War , and its untitled sequel . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' in 2011 , and first in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e6e518d7c36865beea99ae607e0de7d", "text": "Fantastic Five Fantastic Five is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The team exists in the MC2 Universe , an alternate future to the Marvel Universe . A continuation of the Fantastic Four , the team was originally composed of the Human Torch , his wife Ms. Fantastic/Lyja ( a Skrull ) , the Thing , Big Brain ( Reed Richards ' remote-controlled robotic body ) , and Psi-Lord ( Franklin Richards , Reed 's son ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30079f06961e6709c394e9dd70fa1a01", "text": "A Marvel Comics Super Special: Blade Runner Marvel Comics Super Special : Blade Runner is the comic book adaptation of the film Blade Runner , published by Marvel Comics in 1982 . It was written by Archie Goodwin with art by Al Williamson , Carlos Garzon with Dan Green and Ralph Reese . The Jim Steranko cover leads into a 45-page adaptation which includes one possible explanation of the title 's significance in story context : the narrative line , `` Blade runner . You 're always movin ' on the edge . '' This was issue 22 of the Marvel Comics Super Special series of titles which by this time only printed Marvel 's movie adaptations . It was reprinted in a two issue mini series but without the feature content contained in the special . In some printings , several pages of the comic were published out of order . Other printing set these pages in the correct order . In the UK it was reprinted as the Blade Runner Annual published by Grandreams . Again , the feature content of the original special was not reprinted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbe5cbcadee4921477a75c09f9e4a61b", "text": "Star of the Guardians Star of the Guardians is a series of fantasy novels by Margaret Weis . The series consists of several volumes : The Lost King King 's Test King 's Sacrifice Ghost Legion The Knights of the Black Earth ( 1995 ) , ISBN 0-451-45425-1 Robot Blues ( 1996 ) , ISBN 0-451-45581-9 Hung Out ( 1998 ) , ISBN 0-451-45618-1 Star of the Guardians is a series of four science fiction / space opera novels written by Margaret Weis without assistance from usual co-author Tracy Hickman . The original trilogy , The Lost King , King 's Test and King 's Sacrifice , concerns Dion 's adventures and eventual rise to the throne . A few years later , Margaret Weis realized that , while Dion had achieved his goals , the main characters of the series ( sundered lovers Sagan and Maigrey ) had not achieved peace , and penned the fourth book , Ghost Legion . She has since completed a trilogy of spin-offs concerning the mercenary team Mag Force 7 introduced in King 's Sacrifice . Based originally on The Magnificent Seven , the team developed a much more varied membership just in time to star in their own novels : The Knights of the Black Earth , Robot Blues and Hung Out . Weis and Don Perrin released a collectible card game under the name `` Mag Force 7 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0613cebcd7fd8f22e33f938530f6082", "text": "Liberators (comics) The Liberators are a group of fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . These characters appear in comics set in the Ultimate Marvel universe . Created by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch , they appear in the miniseries The Ultimates 2 . They are effectively the Ultimate universe 's equivalents of the Masters of Evil . The Liberators are a superhuman task force who appear at the climax of the plot arc . They spearhead an invasion of the United States and are from a coalition of nations opposed to the United States ' foreign policy . This international collective is made up of China , Syria , North Korea , Iran , and rogue elements of the French and Russian governments . The Liberators and their overseers are an opposing counterpart to the Ultimates and S.H.I.E.L.D. , respectively . `` We told you to stop making super people , America . We told you not to interfere with cultures you can never understand . This is what happens when your ambitions outstrip your capabilities . The empire takes a fall . Congratulations , ladies and gentlemen ... The Great Satan has just been liberated . '' - The Colonel", "title": "" }, { "docid": "376d50c0b59e55860f2c7c9bb9eb7b64", "text": "Guardians of the Globe The Guardians of the Globe are a fictional superhero team in the , appearing primarily in the comic Invincible . The original team was based on DC Comics ' Justice League of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cddc20dd18f3e8b71a33154c48dcda9d", "text": "Galactus Galactus is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Formerly a mortal man , Galactus is a cosmic entity who originally consumed planets to sustain his life force , and serves a functional role in the upkeep of the primary Marvel continuity . Galactus was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and first appeared in the comic book Fantastic Four # 48 , published in March 1966 . Lee and Kirby had desired to introduce a character that broke away from the archetype of the standard villain , culminating in the creation of Galactus . In the character 's first appearance Galactus was depicted as a god-like figure who feeds by draining living planets of their energy , and operates without regard to the morality and judgements of mortal beings . Galactus ' initial origin was that of a space explorer named Galan who gained cosmic abilities by passing near a star , but writer Mark Gruenwald further developed the origin of the character , revealing that Galan lived during the previous universe . As Galan 's universe came to an end , Galan merged with the `` Sentience of the Universe '' to become Galactus , an entity that wielded such cosmic power as to require devouring entire planets to sustain his existence . Additional material written by John Byrne , Jim Starlin , and Louise Simonson explored Galactus ' role and purpose in the Marvel Universe , and examined the actions of the character through themes of genocide , manifest destiny , ethics , and natural/necessary existence . Frequently accompanied by a herald ( such as the Silver Surfer ) , the character has appeared as both antagonist and protagonist in central and supporting roles . Since debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , Galactus has played a role in over five decades of Marvel continuity . The character has been featured in other Marvel media , such as arcade games , video games , animated television series , and the 2007 film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer . In 2009 , Galactus ranked 5th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Villains '' , citing the character 's `` larger than life presence '' as making him one of the more important villains ever created . IGN also noted `` Galactus is one of the few villains on our list to really defy the definition of an evil-doer '' as the character is compelled to destroy worlds because of his hunger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93e636b66a673b411e265d5a1f5118ee", "text": "Legion of Super-Heroes The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team appearing in books published by DC Comics . Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Plastino , the Legion is a group of superpowered beings living in the 30th and 31st centuries of the , and first appears in Adventure Comics # 247 ( April 1958 ) . Initially , the team was closely associated with the original Superboy character ( Superman when he was a teenager ) , and was portrayed as a group of time travelers . Later , the Legion 's origin and back story were fleshed out , and the group was given its own monthly comic . Eventually , Superboy was removed from the team altogether and appeared only as an occasional guest star . The team has undergone two major reboots during its run . The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of the `` Zero Hour '' storyline in 1994 and another rebooted team was introduced in 2004 . A fourth version of the team , nearly identical to the original version , was introduced in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d49a128a07a8c4ed7b5bda0a6fcd21d", "text": "Masters of the Universe: The Movie Masters of the Universe : The Movie is an action-adventure game developed by Gremlin Graphics , and published in 1987 . It is based on the American film Masters of the Universe ( 1987 ) , directed by Gary Goddard . The film and the game are part of the Masters of the Universe media franchise . A promotional photo of Dolph Lundgren as He-Man and Frank Langella as Skeletor illustrates the video game packaging . The MSX version of the game is titled Masters of the Universe . Two other Masters of the Universe video games were published in the same year : Masters of the Universe : The Arcade Game and Masters of the Universe : The Super Adventure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ee7c99c0c2c146d86561c3cdb6a8761", "text": "Superhero (band) Superhero is a British Christian rock band . They come from Glasgow in Scotland ( United Kingdom ) . The band tour extensively throughout the UK , Europe and the United States . Superhero have toured with bands like : Delirious ? , Skillet , DecembeRadio and have supported the likes of Switchfoot , Third Day , Newsboys , Rebecca St James and others as well as mainstream acts like Futureheads and Bell X1 . More recently the band have started to Headline their own `` tours '' and festivals in the UK as well as in the US and Europe , such as Flevo , Big Boss , Festival de Paque , Slot and others . Superhero toured the USA from 2007 - 2010 and are now concentrating on the UK and Eastern Europe with particular attention to Estonia and Latvia . 2014 will see Superhero embark upon their first tour in Russia . The band were signed to Delirious record label in 2004 , securing a marketing and distribution deal with Fierce . The band released 2 albums through Fierce . The band released their 5th studio album entitled : ` Things we need for the Journey ' in 2013 . The new record has been picked up by record labels both here in the UK and also distrobution in the USA . In August 2010 , Superhero announced plans for a 3 year 194 date tour . The tour , which began on 7 October in California has been titled the `` Battle for your Soul '' Tour and continues into the UK through 2011 / 2012 / 2013 with dates in the UK , USA , and throughout Europe . The band will be partnering with other artists , evangelists and local churches and Christian groups around the UK , USA and Europe . The main focus of the tour is reaching people with the Gospel and the aim is to see in excess of 5000 young people responding to the message over the course of the tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56f51fdca4da100d380a5f52af4594ac", "text": "Red Guardian The Red Guardian ( Russian : Красный хранитель , Krasnij Khranitel ) is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The Red Guardian is an identity that was created as the Soviet equivalent of Captain America ; since the fall of the Soviet Union , the name is no longer officially used , though at least two people have claimed the name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c002c1a94fe4edf029aae0abe3e2d692", "text": "League of Peoples The League of Peoples is a fictional interstellar polity present in a series of novels by science fiction author James Alan Gardner . Although theoretically made up of every sentient race in the galaxy , in actuality the League is controlled by ( from Humanity 's standpoint ) hyperadvanced beings who have little concern for wants , needs , and desires of the less evolved races . The League effectively has one law - no dangerous non-sentient creatures can cross between star systems . A dangerous non-sentient is defined by the league as any being which kills a sentient being or through negligence allows a sentient being to die . Any dangerous non-sentient that attempts to circumvent this law , or any being who knowingly aids in the attempt , is instantaneously but painlessly executed by the League . Although this renders interstellar war impossible , it does not prevent mayhem on individual planets , nor does it stop unethical behavior that stops short of murder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73632a6c1344d4a4c509e1943ff784a", "text": "Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games . Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c75f70c32ea54b77cbe77e2ae3ad18a", "text": "Captain Marvel (Marvel Comics) Captain Marvel is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Most of these versions exist in Marvel 's main shared universe , known as the Marvel Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96755d5fbc3315f0d7c6c2a2a5cf7c88", "text": "Krypton (comics) Krypton , a planet appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The planet is the native world of Superman and is named after the element krypton , which is abundant in its atmosphere . The planet was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster , and was first referred to in Action Comics # 1 ( June 1938 ) . The planet made its first full appearance in Superman # 1 ( Summer 1939 ) . Krypton is also the native world of Supergirl , Krypto the Superdog , and Power Girl ( in her case , an alternate-universe version designated `` Krypton-Two '' ) . It has been consistently described as having been destroyed shortly after Superman 's flight from the planet , although the exact details of its destruction vary by time period and writers . Kryptonians were the dominant species on Krypton .", "title": "" } ]	fever
fbeabb0e7015a77883b6d4c3485e8fbc	Life After Death is by The Notorious B.I.G.	[ { "docid": "7ca1f85a756c4746ab02763462bc3d84", "text": "Life After Death Life After Death is the second and final studio album by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G. , released on March 25 , 1997 , on Bad Boy Records . A double album , it was released posthumously following his death on March 9 , 1997 . It features collaborations with guest artists such as 112 , Jay-Z , Lil ' Kim , Mase , Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , Too $ hort , Angela Winbush , D.M.C. of Run-D.M.C . , R. Kelly , The LOX and Puff Daddy . Life After Death exhibits The Notorious B.I.G. further delving into the mafioso rap subgenre . The album is a sequel to his first album , Ready to Die , and picks up where the last song , `` Suicidal Thoughts '' , ends . The album was nominated for three Grammy Awards in 1998 including Best Rap Album , Best Rap Solo Performance for its first single `` Hypnotize '' , and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for its second single `` Mo Money Mo Problems '' . Life After Death has been considered by music writers as one of the seminal mafioso rap albums , along with Raekwon 's Only Built 4 Cuban Linx ... ( 1995 ) and Jay-Z 's Reasonable Doubt ( 1996 ) . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 476 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d9500c6a2a2276ce93d4b2e656ddaf92", "text": "Love After War Love After War is the fifth studio album by American R&B recording artist Robin Thicke . It was released on December 6 , 2011 , by Star Trak Entertainment in the United States . Love After War also features guest contributions by American rapper Lil Wayne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1de6bbf4152803b4ae01cb79416110", "text": "Thug World Order Thug World Order is the fifth studio album by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , released on October 29 , 2002 . This was the group 's final album under Ruthless Records and have now created their own label Bone Thugs Records . Bone Thugs Records started off promoting their first two artist set for solo albums , LaReece ( of ThugLine Records ) and Bruce Hathcock . Tomica and the group met in Miami to record the album , as well as get on better terms . The group recorded five tracks while they were there . The first single released from the album was `` Get Up & Get It '' , featuring 3LW . The second single released from the album was `` Home '' featuring Phil Collins , which charted in the UK . Due to Flesh-n-Bone being sent to prison on weapons charges he does not make an appearance on the album ( not counting the skit of him and DJ U-Neek ) . Not long after the album 's release Bizzy Bone was kicked out of the group leaving only Layzie Bone , Wish Bone & Krayzie Bone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e974f3d9609410fccbe6cf007105cc", "text": "I Get Around (Tupac Shakur song) `` I Get Around '' is the second single from 2Pac 's second album Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z. , and features Shock G and Money-B of Digital Underground , the group that introduced him to the world . It was produced by Shock G. Allmusic notes that in the song 2Pac `` brags about his sexual conquests '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e0f6dc16dfb8f6af3cd7888a7d4120c", "text": "Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases . At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more . Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . '' So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) . Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog . Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' . Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark . The Music of Life catalog includes songs from : M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1 Thrashpack She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo ) Daddy Freddy Asher D Tenor Fly Nitty Gritty Derek B Hijack Hardnoise 3 Knights DJ Daddy Leslie Lyrics Norman Cook Paul Oakenfold George Clinton Simon Harris ( label founder ) Einstein Ambassadors of Funk Afrika Bambaataa Demon Boyz Professor Griff Clyde Stubblefield Killa Instinct S.L. Troopers First Frontal Assault Kobalt 60 Overlord X", "title": "" }, { "docid": "392c47745a15b4c214eb24366c7933b8", "text": "Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath Dr. Dre Presents ... The Aftermath is a compilation album produced and released by American rapper and producer , Dr. Dre . The album was released on November 26 , 1996 , a week after the release of the lead single , `` East Coast , West Coast , Killas '' featuring Group Therapy . The album is Dre 's first release after leaving Death Row Records , and was the first release on his then newly established Aftermath Entertainment . In spite of Dr. Dre 's name being on the album , and it being certified platinum , it received mixed reviews and was not amongst the year 's more commercially successful releases . The album was later followed by the second single , the Dr. Dre solo track `` Been There , Done That '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caddc7665f4df4ad5e972e5e1f466ad6", "text": "Życie po śmierci Życie po śmierci ( -LSB- ˈʐɨt͡ɕɛ pɔ ˈɕmjɛrt͡ɕi -RSB- , English : Life After Death ) , stylized as Życie po śmierci ) is an album by Polish hip-hop rapper and producer O.S.T.R. , released on February 26 , 2016 on Asfalt Records . O.S.T.R. said that the main factor that made him record Życie po śmierci was his disease he had had at the beginning of 2015 . He had had to have his lung removed , due to the fact that he had been smoking for most of his life . He also claimed that this album is the most personal project he had ever recorded . The main inspiration for the title of the album was the Notorious B.I.G. 's 1997 project Life After Death . A special website was created to promote the album . On the website O.S.T.R. left a letter written to his fans , when he recalls a story of his disease and informs that Życie po śmierci is going to be a soundtrack for a `` book or rap musical '' . Życie po śmierci was entirely produced by O.S.T.R. and Dutch duo Killing Skills . The first single `` We krwi ( Since I Saw You ) '' was released on February 1 , 2016 . There was an extra CD entitled Życie po śmierci ( Snap Jazz Edition ) that could be bought only through Asfalt Records ' official website and at the Asfalt Shop in Warsaw . The extra CD consists of jazz remixes produced by Killing Skills themselves and played by various jazz musician . The album debuted at number 1 on Polish chart and having sold 90 000 copies up to February 8 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5b1305cd9c21964e9f4191ef81a341f", "text": "Blood Money (Mobb Deep album) Blood Money is the seventh studio album by hip-hop duo Mobb Deep , released on May 2 , 2006 . It is the group 's first and only album on G-Unit & Interscope Records . It features guest appearances by several G-Unit artists , including G-Unit members 50 Cent , Lloyd Banks , Tony Yayo , Young Buck and affiliate Nyce . The album also features artists such as Mary J. Blige and Nate Dogg . Blood Money is the first Mobb Deep studio album to not feature rapper Big Noyd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72a3afc328325762718267f60d054fe", "text": "Blue Gangsta `` Blue Gangsta '' is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson . The song is the 7th track of Jackson 's second posthumous album Xscape . the song was originally written , composed and produced by Jackson and Dr. Freeze during the `` Invincible '' album recording session in 1998 . The song was re-tooled by Timbaland and Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon during the recording session in 2013-2014 of the Xscape album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42fb03e60769d7a82c7137e5413619c4", "text": "I-20 (rapper) Bobby Sandimanie , better known by his stage name I-20 , is an American rapper . He was originally known as Infamous 2-0 ( in Ludacris 's debut album `` Incognegro '' / `` Back for the First Time '' ) , but changed his name to reflect the interstate route that runs through the Southeastern United States . He was discovered by Ludacris , who signed him to the Disturbing tha Peace record label . In 2002 , he appeared on 6 songs from Disturbing Tha Peace 's 1st album Golden Grain ( `` Break Somethin' '' , `` Smokin ' Dro '' , `` Ca n't Be Stopped ( I Know ) '' , `` A-Town Hatz '' , `` N.S.E.W. '' & `` Outro On Ya Ass '' ) and in 2004 , I-20 released his debut album , Self Explanatory . It peaked at number forty-two on the Billboard 200 and number five on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . I-20 later appears on Ludacris ' 7th album `` Battle Of The Sexes '' on the song `` B.O.T.S. Radio '' along with Shawnna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "958b9a942af35973bd514f5c3c5cde3b", "text": "The Mourning After The Mourning After is the third studio album by the American metal band 40 Below Summer . The album was released on October 28 , 2003 via Razor & Tie Records . Two singles were released from the album in `` Self Medicate '' and `` Taxi Cab Confession '' . During promotion of the album , 40 Below Summer appeared on Headbangers Ball , and the video for `` Self Medicate '' found significant airplay and the song was featured on the soundtrack for the thriller film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre . This video features the group performing the song in a city park as well as various acts of indulgent `` self medication '' by townspeople ( i.e. secretively buying pornography , gorging on food , making out ) . The following year , MTV2 held a fan 's choice poll for the Best Metal Videos of 2004 . The results aired on the December 25 edition of Headbangers Ball with `` Self Medicate '' ranking in at # 18 . The CD is Content/Copy-Protected with MediaMax Digital Rights Management Software on it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7152ae9c006dedef1d7c59bbc167db49", "text": "Snoop Dogg discography The discography of American rapper Snoop Dogg of fifteen studio albums , four collaborative albums , seventeen compilation albums , one extended play , twenty mixtapes , 127 singles ( including seventy-four as a featured artist ) , and fourteen promotional singles . He has sold over 23.5 million albums in United States and 37 million albums worldwide . He has garnered fourteen top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including eight as a featured artist ) . Snoop Dogg came to attention of the music industry in 1992 , through his vocal contributions on Dr. Dre 's The Chronic . That album is considered to have `` transformed the entire sound of West Coast rap '' by its development of what later became known as the `` G-funk '' sound . The Chronic expanded gangsta rap with profanity , anti-authoritarian lyrics and multi-layered samples taken from 1970 's P-Funk records . Snoop Dogg contributed vocals to Dre 's solo single , `` Deep Cover '' , which led to a high degree of anticipation among hip hop for the release of his own solo album . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts , powered by spectacular first week sales 803,000 units . Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' , `` Gin & Juice '' and the European hit `` Doggy Dogg World '' . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 6,137,000 copies in the United States . In 1994 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . Murder Was the Case debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one , selling 329,000 units in the first week sales . The following week it stayed on top with 197,000 copies sold and was certified Gold . The album is certified 2x platinum with 2,030,000 copies sold . Following to the successful release of his debut album Doggystyle ( 1993 ) , Snoop was charged with a murder . In 1995 , Snoop had been spending much time preparing for the case , which went to trial , which took place later that year . In February 1996 , he was cleared of all charges and began working on his second album , without Dr. Dre as a frequent record producer on the album . This is also Snoop 's final album on Death Row Records , under the name of Snoop Doggy Dogg . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on US charts and UK R&B Charts . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . Preceding the album 's release by European singles ; `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , `` Vapors '' and `` Doggfather '' . In 1998 Snoop released Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told it was released , by No Limit Records . It is his first album following his departure from Death Row Records . It was also his first album to be released under a slight change to his stage name `` Snoop Dogg '' for contractual reasons . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart , selling over 520,000 copies in its first week , and remained on top for the second week selling additional 246,000 units according to SoundScan . It remained in the top ten for five weeks ; thus it was quickly certified double platinum later that year . In terms of chart success it is one of his most successful containing the singles Still a G Thang and Woof . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 2,085,000 copies in the United States . The fourth studio album , No Limit Top Dogg , was released on May 11 , 1999 . The album 's lead single `` Bitch Please '' featuring Xzibit and Nate Dogg , produced by Dr. Dre became a hit . The music video for the album 's second single `` G Bedtime Stories '' which was a success , the song was produced by Meech Wells . No Limit Top Dogg debuted at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 187,400 copies in its first week . Though it was Snoop Dogg 's first album to not debut at number one and have strong album sales for the first week , it eventually sold 1,100,000 copies by closing the year of 1999 making it the 73rd best selling album of the year . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 1,518,000 copies in the United States . The third and final album released on No Limit Records and his first album on his newly founded label Doggystyle Records , Tha Last Meal was released on December 19 , 2000 . The album included the singles `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name Pt . 2 ) '' , `` Hennesey n Buddah '' featuring Kokane , `` Lay Low '' featuring Nate Dogg , `` Loosen ' Control '' and `` Wrong Idea '' featuring Bad Azz . The single `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name II ) '' was nominated for Music Video of the Year at The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards 2001 . The album was nominated Album of the Year at the same ceremony . The single `` Wrong Idea '' was also included in Bad Azz 's second album Personal Business released on Doggystyle . Tha Last Meal debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 397,238 copies in its first week . In the third week the album reached at number 4 in the US chart . The album topped the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums for four consecutive weeks . In 2001 the album has sold 1,200,000 copies in the United States . Has sold over 2,068,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan . The sixth studio album , Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo $ $ was supported by two singles : `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring Pharrell and the other-Pharrell track `` Beautiful '' also featuring Charlie Wilson . The album debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 174,000 copies in its first week . The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold 1,500,000 copies worldwide . The album 's lead single , titled `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring guest vocals from Pharrell , was released on October 15 , 2002 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' , was directed by Diane Martel , under the alias Bucky Chrome . The second single , `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson , was released on January 28 , 2003 . The song also was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson ( who he did not make it to the video ) , was directed by Chris Robinson and it was released in 2003 . The video took place in Brazil . The video helped exceeded the song to become a hit on the Billboard charts . The seventh studio R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece was released 2004 . `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' featuring Pharrell , was released as the album 's lead single on September 14 , 2004 . With the production by The Neptunes , the song gained some critical attention for its very sparse production . The song essentially is just tongue clicks , keyboards and a drum machine beat , which compared to much early 2000s rap , was very minimalist . It was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , though it lost both awards to the songs `` Jesus Walks '' by Kanye West and `` Let 's Get It Started '' by The Black Eyed Peas , respectively . The song reached at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Snoop 's first US number one single . The song internationally reached the top-ten in a huge 12 countries . The second single , `` Let 's Get Blown '' featuring Pharrell , was released on December 14 , 2004 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . It did not repeat the success of `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' , but it filled the gap between the aforementioned song and the club hit `` Signs '' . Keyshia Cole , who had not garnered a reputation at that time and was therefore left uncredited ( her contribution to the R&G song `` Pass It Pass It '' also went uncredited ) . The song samples and contains interpolations from Slave 's `` Watching You '' , which was also interpolated in `` Gin and Juice . '' The single is one of Snoop Dogg 's biggest hits in the UK for peaking at number 13 and number 54on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Signs '' featuring Justin Timberlake and Charlie Wilson , was released on April 25 , 2005 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . In May 2005 , the single reached at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number 46 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . However , it was more popular in Australia staying at number one on the Australian Singles Chart for two weeks . Internationally , the song reached the top-ten in 11 countries . The final single , `` Ups & Downs '' featuring Bee Gees , was released on August 15 , 2005 . The song was produced by Warryn Campbell . The song interpolates The Bee Gees ' 1979 hit `` Love You Inside Out '' . The song charted in several countries , but did n't match the success from his previous singles on the album . R&G debuted at number 6 on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 225,000 copies in its first week . In its second week , the album fell to number 9 on the Billboard 200 , selling 203,000 copies , for a two-week total of 428,000 units . As of March 2008 , the album sales 1,724,000 copies in the United States . In 2006 , the song `` I Wan na Love You '' , a collaboration with Akon , became Snoop 's second number one on the Hot 100 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Snoop 's eighth studio album , was released in 2006 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment debuted at number 5 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 264,000 copies in its first week . On the Nielsen SoundScan annual `` Best Sellers Top 100 '' rankings when the album was listed 97th with the 2006 year-end catalog closing sales number of 637,000 copies despite having been released in mid-November and its sales data is accumulated for only one and a half months . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 903,000 copies in the United States . On November 20 , 2007 he released the single `` Sexual Eruption '' peaked at number 7 on The Hot 100 . The ninth studio album Ego Trippin ' , it was released by Geffen Records on March 11 , 2008 . The album sold over 137,000 copies in its first week in the United States , debuting at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 chart . In its second week the album fell to number 7 on the Billboard 200 chart , selling 57,000 copies , for a two-week total of 194,000 units . Ego Trippin was the tenth best selling hip hop album of the year , selling 401,000 copies in the US . Malice n Wonderland is the tenth studio album by American rapper Snoop 's ; it was released on December 8 , 2009 . The album included the Billboard charts singles `` Gangsta Luv '' and `` I Wan na Rock '' . Malice n Wonderland debuted at number 23 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 61,000 copies in its opening week . It is his first album since Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ( 2002 ) not to reach the top ten on the Billboard 200 , his lowest charting album on the US R&B / Hip-Hop charts and his only album to miss the British and Australian Top 100 . Malice n Wonderland has sold over 400,000 copies in the United States as of 2011 . In 2011 , Snoop 's was released top ten album Doggumentary , the album debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 50,000 copies in its first week in the United States . Snoop Dogg collaborated with David Guetta for a remix of the latter 's single `` Wet '' , newly titled `` Sweat '' . It topped the charts in countries such as France , Australia and Austria . In 2011 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa . `` Young , Wild & Free '' , the soundtrack 's lead single which features Bruno Mars , and produced by The Smeezingtons , was released on October 11 , 2011 . In its first week it sold 159,000 digital copies , debuting at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and number 44 on the Canadian Hot 100 . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion '' ' . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated . As of May 2015 , the album has sold 104,000 copies in the United States . The album topped Billboard Top Reggae Albums for 34 non-consecutive weeks n His thirteenth solo studio album , Bush , was released in May 2015 . It was supported by the singles ; `` Peaches N Cream '' featuring Charlie Wilson , `` So Many Pros '' , and `` California Roll '' featuring Stevie Wonder . The album was the eighth best-selling album of the week . Bush was the sixth Snoop 's solo album to debut at number one on the Billboard '' Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . Coolaid was released July 1 , 2016 on eOne . His latest album Neva Left was released on Doggystyle and Empire records on May 19 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7c42de3ac5010d3edf5b053a0f23870", "text": "Gridlock'd (soundtrack) Gridlock 'd is the official movie soundtrack to Vondie Curtis-Hall film Gridlock 'd and was released on 28 January 1997 by Interscope Records The track `` Off The Hook '' was originally recorded for the LBC Crew debut album Have n't You Heard ? ( We Givin ' Something Bacc To The Street ) , which was later shelved and the songs were cycled through other Death Row releases . The album had two chart running singles . `` Lady Heroin '' was originally going to be on Sam Sneed 's unreleased album Street Scholars . `` It 's Over Now '' was 46th on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks , which was Danny Boy 's second chart single . `` Wanted Dead or Alive '' was 16th in the UK and was accompanied by a music video with Snoop alone as it was filmed after the death of 2Pac , so he is only present in archive footages from the motion picture . The album itself went to top the R&B album chart also on the first place .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6f023fdd84602e3ed3a6e04695c6af4", "text": "The Truth (Beanie Sigel album) The Truth is the debut album by rapper Beanie Sigel . It was released on February 29 , 2000 to critical and commercial success . It reached # 5 on The Billboard 200 and had 1 charting remotely popular single : `` Anything '' . Beanie Sigel and his debut album were intensely hyped up after `` a few dazzling collaborations '' according to Matt Conaway of Allmusic and Conaway says that it `` is the culmination of that promise '' . This album is known for being the first Roc-A-Fella release to introduce Just Blaze and Kanye West , both who would later become primary producers for artists in the label . `` The Truth '' is currently used as the entrance music for independent professional wrestler Nelson Erazo , better known as Homicide . `` What a Thug About '' appeared in the Xbox 360 game Saints Row 2 on the fictional Hip Hop and Rap radio station 95.4 Krhyme FM and also appeared in the 2000 movie Boiler Room . Music videos were done for `` The Truth '' and `` Remember Them Days '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52eb696a9a1f098f0e6831b1c0b4b2ed", "text": "After Sics After Sics is the compilation album from rappers Lord Infamous and II Tone . It was released on January 27 , 2009 . It is Black Rain Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb51ea648b035b78fbd9599f95ddc8fd", "text": "Life as a Rider Life as a Rider is the 7th studio album by American rapper C-Bo , released January 29 , 2002 on West Coast Mafia and Warlock Records . It peaked at number 41 on the Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and at number 8 on the Billboard Top Independent Albums . It was produced by Bosko , Floss P , Mike Mosley and Rhythm D . The album features guest performances by West Coast heavy-weights : Kokane , Outlawz , Killa Tay , CJ Mac , Dresta , Tray Dee and Yukmouth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9901333dec3cd90be43929a8c761d290", "text": "GB City GB City is the debut studio album by Bass Drum of Death . It was released on Fat Possum Records on April 12 , 2011 . The video for `` Get Found '' was released in 2011 . A single For `` High School Roaches , '' featuring the title song `` Get Found , '' `` You 're Haunting Me , '' and `` Spare Room '' was released on Baby Do n't Records in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c937f1f2970c0649c0fc088d3db4cd5", "text": "Life of the Infamous: The Best of Mobb Deep Life of the Infamous : The Best of Mobb Deep is the greatest hits album from Queensbridge rap duo Mobb Deep . It contains songs dating back to their 1993 debut album , Juvenile Hell , through their 2004 album , Amerikaz Nightmare . No Blood Money songs are on the album since those tracks are owned by Universal Music Group , not Sony Music Entertainment , the label that released this album . The disc includes `` Blood Money '' and `` Go Head '' , two previously unreleased tracks . `` Keep It Thoro '' is the only song featured on a non-Mobb Deep album ( Prodigy 's H.N.I.C. '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "939018526239596557673b751a54cbeb", "text": "Do or Die (Ant Banks album) Do or Die is the third studio album by American rapper and producer , Ant Banks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff44ca6a4a89a11e77d02c978f43fd36", "text": "To Live and Die in CA To Live and Die in CA is the second compilation album by rapper Daz Dillinger . It was released on October 1 , 2002 through D.P.G. Recordz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1a2236f5e1905c41c5845058b16ae313	John Malkovich was the main character in The Killing Fields.	[ { "docid": "408564940f9511892b6a6d627ff2ee99", "text": "John Malkovich John Gavin Malkovich ( born December 9 , 1953 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He has appeared in more than 70 films . For his roles in Places in the Heart and In the Line of Fire , he received Academy Award nominations . He has also appeared in films such as Empire of the Sun , The Killing Fields , Con Air , Of Mice and Men , Rounders , Ripley 's Game , Knockaround Guys , Being John Malkovich , Shadow of the Vampire , Burn After Reading , RED , Mulholland Falls , Dangerous Liaisons , and Warm Bodies , as well as producing films such as Ghost World , Juno , and The Perks of Being a Wallflower . In January 2017 , he launched his menswear fashion line with an online shop .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d6cc9191fb4cd1d045548447a0feabc1", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho is a non-fiction book by Stephen Rebello . It details the creation of director Alfred Hitchcock 's 1960 thriller Psycho The book was first published in April 15 , 1990 by Dembner Books , and distributed by W. W. Norton and Company . Stephen Rebello researched the film thoroughly through Hitchcock 's personal records and archives and he interviewed virtually every surviving cast and crew member . Prior to the book 's publication , Rebello 's initial research appeared as a 22-page article in the April 1986 issue of Cinefantastique magazine entitled `` Psycho : The Making of Alfred Hitchcock 's Masterpiece '' . That research was expanded for the book version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8ce9a5c725a3e5a1708a9a2600c85ac", "text": "John Wyndham John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris ( -LSB- ˈwɪndəm -RSB- 10 July 1903 -- 11 March 1969 ) was an English science fiction writer best known for his works written using the pen name John Wyndham , although he also used other combinations of his names , such as John Beynon and Lucas Parkes . Many of his works were set in post-apocalyptic landscapes . His best known works include The Day of the Triffids ( 1951 ) and The Midwich Cuckoos ( 1957 ) , the latter filmed twice as Village of the Damned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91c407d3c8333307ed5ca3854cb507b0", "text": "Bernard N. Fields Bernard N. Fields ( March 24 , 1938 -- January 31 , 1995 ) was an American microbiologist and virologist . Fields was a member of the National Academy of Sciences . Fields was the Adele Lehman Professor and chairman of the department of microbiology and molecular genetics of Harvard Medical School , the head of division of infectious diseases at the Brigham and Women 's Hospital in Boston and the Albert Einstein Medical School . He was also the editor in chief of Virology , and editor of the eponymously named Fields Virology . Dr. Harold Varmus called Fields `` the intellectual leader of the field for more than the last decade '' . The New York Times said that Fields `` is credited with spearheading the current resurgence of research on how viruses cause damage '' . The National Academies Press called him `` a recognized leader in the field of viral pathogenesis '' and said Fields will `` be remembered for emphasizing the importance of basic research in the area of clinical medicine and in helping to define molecular parameters that affect disease '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56b07f2992880990f8b11811cc51e443", "text": "Blood on the Fields Blood on the Fields is a three-and-a-half-hour jazz oratorio , by Wynton Marsalis . It was commissioned by Lincoln Center and concerns a couple moving from slavery to freedom . It received the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for Music . However , Marsalis 's victory was controversial because according to the Pulitzer guidelines , his work was not eligible . Although a winning work was supposed to have had its first performance during that year , Marsalis ' piece premiered on April 1 , 1994 and its recording , released on Columbia Records , was dated 1995 . Yet , the piece won the 1997 prize . Marsalis ' management had submitted a `` revised version '' of `` Blood on the Fields '' which was `` premiered '' at Yale University after the composer made seven small changes . When asked what would make a revised work eligible , the chairman of that year 's music jury , Robert Ward , said : `` Not a cut here and there ... or a slight revision , '' but rather something that changed `` the whole conception of the piece . '' After being read the list of revisions that were made to the piece , Ward acknowledged that the minor changes should not have qualified it as eligible , but he said that `` the list you had here was not available to us , and we did not discuss it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7149b4c3b21af535b105d8b3df363a7a", "text": "Faces of Death III Faces of Death III is the second sequel to the 1978 mondo film Faces of Death . Once again , John Alan Schwartz directed ( again as `` Conan le Cilaire '' ) and co wrote ( as `` Alan Black '' ) along with co writer Veronica Lakewood . Michael Carr again portrays Dr. Francis B. Gröss . This third installment focuses largely on serial killers , with lengthy re-enactments of police investigations of bodies being found in a dumpster , and a staged courtroom sequence with Schwartz again making a cameo appearance as the serial killer on trial for raping and murdering a girl , allegedly captured on video . Schwartz has identified the girl allegedly killed in the video as his then girlfriend , who he claims was a willing participant . Also featured are a man in Los Angeles high on PCP , several accidents on the West German Autobahn , and a parachuter who accidentally falls into an alligator farm pond in Florida . A suicide jumper , also in Los Angeles , is shown partway into the film was portrayed by James B. Schwartz , John Alan Schwartz 's brother . James B. Schwartz would later take over duties as narrator in the following films in this series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee170d24518eddab940514b7be879177", "text": "Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes . `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform . `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges . The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c87e76cce09e3619262bd89965d712f5", "text": "Extermination camp The German extermination camps or death camps and killing centers were designed and built by Nazi Germany during World War II ( 1939 -- 45 ) to systematically kill millions of Jews , Slavs , Communists , and others whom the Nazis considered `` Untermenschen '' , primarily by gassing , but also in mass executions and through extreme work under starvation conditions . The idea of mass extermination with the use of stationary facilities built exclusively for that purpose was a result of earlier Nazi experimentation with the chemically manufactured poison gas during the secretive Action T4 euthanasia programme against Germans with mental and physical disabilities . The technology was adapted , expanded and applied in wartime to unsuspecting victims of many ethnic and national groups ; the Jews however were the primary targets accounting for over 90 percent of the extermination camp death toll . This genocide of the Jewish people of Europe was the Third Reich 's `` Final Solution to the Jewish question '' . It is now collectively known as the Holocaust . Extermination camps were also set up by the fascist Ustaše regime of the Independent State of Croatia allied with Germany , carrying out genocidal policy between 1941 and 1945 against Serbs , Jews , Roma and its Croat and Muslim political opponents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "410296f5e09f52f38a6d1651fa50f5d0", "text": "Streets of Death Streets of Death is a 1987 American film . Tommy Kirk had retired from acting when the film was made but the producer made him an offer `` that was hard to refuse . '' He was the only professional actor in the cast . The film had some problems ... . I played a cop who has been kicked off the force because he was a drunk and had accidentally killed somebody . But he wanted to be back on the force , to be a cop again , so he goes off on his own and tries to solve this string of serial killings in the Los Angeles suburbs ... That picture was a good example of a case of good intentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8f07c7f9f3880776fbe6d3f686822b7", "text": "Copkiller Copkiller or Copkiller ( l'assassino dei poliziotti ) , also known as Corrupt and The Order of Death , is a 1983 Italian crime thriller film directed by Roberto Faenza and starring Harvey Keitel and musician John Lydon , the singer for the bands Sex Pistols and Public Image Ltd. . It is based on Hugh Fleetwood 's novel The Order of Death , which was set to be the original title of the production . Fleetwood also adapted and wrote the screenplay with Faenza and Ennio de Concini . The music was composed by Ennio Morricone . According to IMDb it was filmed in 1981 and released in 1983 in Italy and 1984 in United States . It is Lydon 's only starring role in film to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4df2b1c16d314161380737c46a05f7e3", "text": "Killer Image (1992 film) Killer Image is a 1992 independent Canadian suspense film directed by David Winning . It stars Michael Ironside as `` Luther Kane '' and John Pyper-Ferguson as `` Max Oliver '' . The story centers on two brothers , one a powerful senator , one a ruthless killer . A photographer captures images of the politician in a compromising position and is murdered . Now his brother has discovered the film and wants vengeance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825010961644c296dd1ae07fe6e242f2", "text": "Al Rockoff Al Rockoff is an American photojournalist made famous by his coverage of the Vietnam War and of the Khmer Rouge takeover of Phnom Penh , Cambodia 's capital . He was portrayed in the Academy Award winning film The Killing Fields by actor John Malkovich , although he has never been happy with this portrayal . Rockoff was born in Pawtucket , Rhode Island and is half Russian and half Irish . After enlisting in the Navy while under age , he subsequently became an Army photographer in South Vietnam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "971c0eb4803143802d8f0c11fc282d65", "text": "Alan Grofield Alan Grofield is a fictional character created by Donald E. Westlake . He is the main protagonist of four of the 28 novels Westlake has written under the pseudonym Richard Stark , and a supporting character in an additional four . Grofield 's first appearance was in the novel The Score , which was published in 1964 . A career criminal and professional thief , Grofield is a devilishly handsome and charming womanizer whose main passion in life is the stage . This love of theatre does not extend to cinema ; Grofield has a deep disdain for television and film acting , and despite the fact that film and TV roles can be lucrative , Grofield will not pursue acting opportunities in these fields . The primary reason he steals is to keep his summer stock company running , and he might well quit his second profession if he could make a living through his first -- but he finds his second profession fulfilling as well . During the events of The Score , Grofield meets his future wife and acting partner , Mary Deegan , a hostage taken during the heist in that novel , who insists on leaving town with him . She is referenced in the Grofield novels , and features prominently in Lemons Never Lie . She helps him run his theater , and serves as his leading lady . Grofield is very happy with her , but feels no compunction about being with other women when he 's away on a heist . Unlike his frequent companion Parker , Grofield is a somewhat inconsistent character , and his adventures run the gamut from hard-boiled crime stories ( Lemons Never Lie ) to more fanciful , James Bond-style globetrotting and intrigue ( The Damsel , The Dame , and The Blackbird ) . Grofield is not mentioned in any of the eight Parker novels after Butcher 's Moon , and we do not learn whether he 's dead , imprisoned , or has simply retired from heisting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550c68a373af0337f9959415d4ece73e", "text": "Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg , starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance . Newman stars in the title role as Luke , a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system . The film , set in the early 1950s , is based on Donn Pearce 's 1965 novel of the same name . Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros. , who then hired him to write the script . Due to Pearce 's lack of film experience , the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay . Newman 's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the `` tough , honest '' script drew together threads from earlier movies , especially Hombre , Newman 's earlier film of 1967 . The film has been cited by Roger Ebert as an anti-establishment film which was shot during the time of the Vietnam War , in which Newman 's character endures `` physical punishment , psychological cruelty , hopelessness and equal parts of sadism and masochism . '' His influence on his prison mates and the torture that he endures is compared to that of Jesus , and Christian symbolism is used throughout the film , culminating in a photograph superimposed over crossroads at the end of the film in comparison to the crucifixion . Filming took place on the San Joaquin River Delta , and the set , imitating a southern prison farm , was built in Stockton , California . The filmmakers sent a crew to Tavares Road Prison in Tavares , Florida , to take photographs and measurements . Upon its release , Cool Hand Luke received favorable reviews and became a box-office success . The film cemented Newman 's status as one of the era 's top box-office actors , while the film was described as the `` touchstone of an era . '' Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score . In 2005 , the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry , considering it to be `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' It has a 100 % rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes . The quotation used by the prison warden ( Strother Martin ) in the film , which begins with `` What we 've got here is failure to communicate , '' was listed at No. 11 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8fea44713efced5901aa82aadf13f3", "text": "First Kill (2017 film) First Kill is an upcoming American action thriller film directed by Steven C. Miller and written by Nick Gordon . The film stars Bruce Willis and Hayden Christensen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e843454bb5c0f7ee1c0e0d78e6c71015", "text": "Kill Bill Kill Bill is an American two-part martial arts film series , and the fourth film overall that was written and directed by Quentin Tarantino . It was originally set to be released as one film , but with a running time of over four hours , it was separated into two films : Kill Bill : Volume 1 , released in late 2003 , and Kill Bill : Volume 2 , released in early 2004 . The original four-hour cut , retitled Kill Bill : The Whole Bloody Affair , was screened at select cinemas in 2011 . Tarantino has discussed the possibility of a third Kill Bill film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88cb602b5edc336d480a6146f1e87571", "text": "Kathy Fields Kathy Fields ( born January 1947 ) is an American actress and photographer . Her most notable acting role was as the lead character 's girlfriend in the 1971 film Johnny Got His Gun , a performance that included a then-unusual nude scene . She later became a professional photographer . Fields is the daughter of agent and producer Freddie Fields and his first wife , actress Edith Fellows . She married actor David Lander ( best known as Squiggy in Laverne & Shirley ) in 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d34cb07d090dc1bbf1d0a1524705fe2e", "text": "Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women . After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' . Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music . Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a52d2519b636a424fe76721b2f6b373", "text": "The Killing of Worlds The Killing of Worlds is a science fiction novel by American writer Scott Westerfeld . The events detailed below immediately follow those of the novel The Risen Empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab02ef414ef3ea92e7416c92082ad1eb", "text": "Bringing Out the Dead Bringing Out the Dead is a 1999 American drama film directed by Martin Scorsese , written by Paul Schrader , based on the novel by Joe Connelly and starring Nicolas Cage , Patricia Arquette , John Goodman , Ving Rhames , and Tom Sizemore . Though a flop at the box office , the film received very positive reviews from critics and was also the last North American title to be released on LaserDisc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43b0305c9b11efa9b4f3e8bd0a82be28", "text": "Cleaner (crime) A cleaner , or fixer , is a person who `` cleans up '' after crimes to physically erase their trace or uses pressure or bribes to limit fallout from a criminal act . A fixer plays a similar but often less hands-on role , often minimizing bad publicity for public officials or media figures by quelling stories of their misadventures , but also capable of more heavyhanded tactics , as necessary . A cleaner may destroy or remove incriminating evidence at the scene of a crime . A popular figure in crime fiction , a cleaner may also be a contract killer who commits murder to `` clean up '' a situation . Cleaner is also a slang term for someone , usually a member of a crime organization or a covert government agency , who disposes of a corpse after a hit . In contrast , legal crime scene cleanup is a legitimate industry , eliminating blood and other biohazardous materials such as dangerous chemicals used in an illegal drug lab as permitted by responsible authorities . A fictional example of a cleaner is Shoulders from the comic strip Dick Tracy . More contemporary are the roles played by Jean Reno as Victor in the film La Femme Nikita ( 1990 ) , Harvey Keitel as Victor in Point of No Return ( 1993 ) , and a year later as a Mr. Wolf in Quentin Tarantino 's Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) ( parodied on Seinfeld ` s episode 155 , `` The Muffin Tops '' ( 1997 ) , where Newman makes the problem of leftover muffin stumps go away by eating them ) , and George Clooney as the title character in Michael Clayton . On television , similar roles are played by Jonathan Banks as Mike Ehrmantraut in the TV series Breaking Bad and its prequel , Better Call Saul , Liev Schreiber in the title role of Showtime 's Ray Donovan , Paige Turco as recurring character Zoe Morgan in Person of Interest , and Susan Blommaert as `` Mr. Kaplan '' in The Blacklist .", "title": "" } ]	fever
cf8683942dc650c3c6d12a104c430050	The USS Constitution was a naval submarine.	[ { "docid": "12c50a15d40eef33fac24bc15c787d0d", "text": "USS Constitution USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled , three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy , named by President George Washington after the Constitution of the United States of America . She is the world 's oldest commissioned naval vessel afloat . Constitution was launched in 1797 , one of six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 and the third constructed . Joshua Humphreys designed the frigates to be the young Navy 's capital ships , and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed and built than standard frigates of the period . Constitution was built in the North End of Boston , Massachusetts at Edmund Hartt 's shipyard . Her first duties with the newly formed U.S. Navy were to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi-War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War . Constitution is most noted for her actions during the War of 1812 against the United Kingdom , when she captured numerous merchant ships and defeated five British warships : , , , , and . The battle with Guerriere earned her the nickname of `` Old Ironsides '' and public adoration that has repeatedly saved her from scrapping . She continued to serve as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons , and circled the world in the 1840s . During the American Civil War , she served as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy . She carried American artwork and industrial displays to the Paris Exposition of 1878 . Constitution was retired from active service in 1881 , and served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907 . In 1934 , she completed a three-year , 90-port tour of the nation . Constitution sailed under her own power for her 200th birthday in 1997 , and again in August 2012 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of her victory over Guerriere . Constitutions stated mission today is to promote understanding of the Navy 's role in war and peace through educational outreach , historical demonstration , and active participation in public events as part of the Naval History & Heritage Command . As a fully commissioned U.S. Navy ship , her crew of 60 officers and sailors participate in ceremonies , educational programs , and special events while keeping Constitution open to visitors year round and providing free tours . The officers and crew are all active-duty U.S. Navy personnel and the assignment is considered to be special duty in the U.S. Navy . Traditionally , command of the vessel is assigned to a Navy commander . She is usually berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard , at one end of Boston 's Freedom Trail . In May 2015 , Constitution entered Dry Dock 1 to begin a three-year restoration program .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5f114d670eb4a9b464c26d039aa0300a", "text": "USS S-15 (SS-120) USS S-15 ( SS-120 ) was a second-group ( S-3 or `` Government '' ) S-class submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down on 13 December 1917 by the Lake Torpedo Boat Company in Bridgeport , Connecticut . She was launched on 8 March 1920 sponsored by Mrs. Simon Lake , and commissioned on 15 January 1921 with Lieutenant Commander David R. Lee in command . Attached to SubDiv 18 , S-15 departed New London , Connecticut , on 31 May 1921 , and sailed via the Panama Canal , California , Hawaii , and Guam to the Philippines . She arrived at Cavite , Luzon , on 1 December . In 1922 , she sailed from Cavite on 11 October , visited Hong Kong from 14 October to 28 October , and returned to Cavite on 1 November . Sailing from Manila on 15 May 1923 , S-15 visited Shanghai , Chefoo , and Chinwangtao before returning via Woosung and Amoy to Cavite on 11 September . In the summer of 1924 , she again visited China and returned to Olongapo on 23 September . Departing Cavite on 29 October , she arrived at Mare Island Naval Shipyard , California , on 30 December . Remaining at Mare Island in 1925 and 1926 , she operated along the west coast through 1927 . From February 1928 into 1935 , S-15 served in the Panama Canal area , although she visited Baltimore , Maryland , from 15 May to 5 June 1933 . She departed Coco Solo on 11 January 1935 for Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where she decommissioned on 26 April 1935 . S-15 was recommissioned on 3 January 1941 at Philadelphia . Following voyages to Bermuda , she operated at Saint Thomas , United States Virgin Islands , from 31 October to 9 December 1941 ; in the Panama Canal area from January into December 1943 ; at Guantanamo Bay through May 1944 ; in the Panama Canal area from June through September ; at Trinidad for the rest of the year ; and at Guantanamo from January into March 1945 . S-15 departed Guantanamo on 23 March 1945 and reported at New London for inactivation . She was decommissioned on 11 June 1946 at Philadelphia and was struck from the Naval Vessel Register . On 4 December that year she was sold for scrapping to the Potomac Shipwrecking Company of Maryland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e55d734c9169eb68cd7b7eec42c5c65", "text": "List of commanding officers of USS Oklahoma (BB-37) USS Oklahoma was a battleship that served in the United States Navy from 2 May 1916 , to 1 September 1944 . The ship capsized and sank during the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 , but she was righted in 1943 . While other ships sunk during the Pearl Harbor attack were repaired and returned to service , she was not and never returned to duty . Instead , Oklahoma was stripped of guns and superstructure , and sold for scrap . She sank while under tow to the mainland on 17 May 1947 , 500 mi northeast of Hawaii . When Navy personnel receive orders to take command of a ship in the United States they will receive an order from the Chief of Naval Personnel stating : `` Proceed to the port in which USS -LSB- name of ship -RSB- may be and upon arrival , report to your immediate superior in command , if present , otherwise by message , for duty as commanding officer of USS -LSB- name of ship -RSB- . '' In the 1990 edition of the United States Navy Regulations Article 0807 states that before leaving his command the commanding officer or CO will inspect the ship with the new CO and have the crew perform some sort of drill or exercise , `` unless conditions render it impracticable or inadvisable . '' Also , before the old commanding officer leaves the ship he should turn over all keys to the incoming CO. . Before the CO leaves the ship he is entitled to a say a few words and , according to Naval regulations `` the officer relieved , though without authority after turning over the command , is , until final departure , entitled to all ceremonies and distinctions accorded a commanding officer . '' During her nearly three decades of service , the Oklahoma had 22 commanding officers . The first Captain was Roger Welles , who took command after Oklahoma '' 's commissioning in 1916 , serving over a year . The longest serving commanding officer was John D. Wainwright , who served over for over two years in the position , from 13 May 1930 -- 25 June 1932 . Oklahoma '' s last commanding officer was Howard D. Bode , although he was not on board when the battleship was sunk at Pearl Harbor . When the Japanese attacked , Bode was on the USS Maryland and Commander Jesse L. Kenworthy Jr. , acting as the ship 's captain , gave the order to abandon ship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "938e3373245078ee94ad29dd8a2fd566", "text": "Submarine Cable Act of 1888 Submarine Cable Act of 1888 is an United States federal statute defining penalties for intentional and unintentional disturbances of submarine communications cable in international waters . The Act of Congress acknowledge the Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cable of 1884 necessitating the international cooperation for the safeguard of international communication cables placed on the ocean floor . The legislation was passed by the 50th United States Congressional session and confirmed as a federal law by the 24th President of the United States Grover Cleveland on February 29 , 1888 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8347089b897d37cfcd6b477cd4449c1", "text": "USS Daniel Webster (SSBN-626) USS Daniel Webster ( SSBN-626 ) , a ballistic missile submarine ( FBM ) , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Senator Daniel Webster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c815db362424fb600f5a853915d5f46", "text": "USS S-9 (SS-114) USS S-9 ( SS-114 ) was a second-group ( or `` Government '' ) S-class submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down on 20 January 1919 by the Portsmouth Navy Yard . She was launched on 17 June 1920 sponsored by Mrs. James E. Palmer , and commissioned on 21 February 1921 with Lieutenant Commander Thomas Shine in command . Following duty off the northeast coast , S-9 sailed from New London , Connecticut , on 31 May 1921 , and proceeded via the Panama Canal , California , and Pearl Harbor to the Philippines , arriving at Cavite , Luzon on 6 December . There , she joined Submarine Division 12 ( SubDiv 12 ) , whose S-boats -- along with those of SubDiv 18 -- had arrived on 1 December . In 1922 , she sailed from Cavite on 11 October visited Hong Kong from 14 -- 28 October , and returned to Cavite on 31 October . On 30 April 1923 , she departed from Cavite and visited Shanghai , Chefoo , and Chinwangtao , China , before returning via Woosung and Amoy to Cavite on 11 September . On 23 June 1924 , she sailed from Manila Bay and again visited ports in China before returning to Olongapo on 23 September . Departing from Cavite on 29 October , S-9 arrived at Mare Island , California on 30 December . Remaining at Mare Island in 1925 , she operated along the West Coast in 1926 , mainly at San Francisco , San Pedro , and San Diego , California . Departing Mare Island on 11 February 1927 , she operated in the Panama Canal area from March into April , arrived at New London on 3 May , and spent the remainder of 1927 along the northeast coast . S-9 served in the Panama Canal area from February -- April 1928 , from January -- March 1929 , and from January -- March 1930 . Departing New London on 22 October , S-9 was decommissioned on 15 April 1931 at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 25 January 1937 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c21731cb763bd03e4bf40b5b55b35d4", "text": "USS Cabezon (SS-334) USS Cabezon ( SS-334 ) was a Balao-class submarine of the United States Navy , named for the cabezon , a saltwater fish of sculpin family inhabiting the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans ( cabezon means `` big head '' in Spanish ) . Cabezon was launched 27 August 1944 by Electric Boat Co. , Groton , Conn. ; sponsored by Mrs. T. R. Cooley ; and commissioned 30 December 1944 , Commander G. W. Lautrup in command . Cabezon departed New London , Conn. , 19 February 1945 for Key West , Fla. , where she underwent 3 weeks of training and providing services for the Fleet Sound School . She then sailed via the Panama Canal , to Pearl Harbor , arriving 15 March 1945 . From 25 May to 11 July 1945 Cabezon conducted her first war patrol in the Sea of Okhotsk , sinking a 2,631-ton Japanese cargo vessel on 19 June . She refitted at Midway until 4 August , then departed for Saipan to serve as target ship for surface force training exercises . From 7 September 1945 until 12 January 1946 she engaged in local operations and training in Philippine waters , based at Subic Bay . On 6 February 1946 Cabezon arrived at San Diego , operating from that port until her base was changed to Pearl Harbor . Subsequent to her arrival there on 20 November 1946 , she participated in local operations and training cruises for submariners of the Naval Reserve there and on the west coast with intervening cruises to the South Pacific , the North Pacific , and across the Arctic Circle . She also made two cruises to the Far East ( 18 March -- 29 July 1950 and 21 April -- 16 October 1952 ) , the second of which included a reconnaissance patrol in the vicinity of La Perouse Strait , between Hokkaidō , Japan , and Sakhalin , U.S.S.R. Cabezon sailed for Mare Island 21 April 1953 to start inactivation and was placed out of commission in reserve there 24 October 1953 and laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet . Struck from the Naval Register , 15 May 1970 , she was sold for scrapping , 28 December 1971 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4206d9712bcc57e788167c708d4975dd", "text": "William Raborn William Francis Raborn , Jr. , United States Navy ( June 8 , 1905 -- March 6 , 1990 ) was a United States Navy officer , the leader of the project to develop the Polaris missile system , and the 7th Director of Central Intelligence as well as the 5th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency . Born in Decatur , Texas , he graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1928 . During World War II he directed the Gunnery Training Section at the Bureau of Aeronautics . He also served in the Pacific on aircraft carriers : Raborn was the executive officer of the carrier when her deck was damaged by a kamikaze attack . He had the deck repaired in four hours , allowing the ship 's aircraft ( which had been airborne when the kamikaze struck ) to land safely - for this Raborn was awarded the Silver Star . He later commanded the carriers and . Raborn was a rear admiral when he was appointed , on November 8 , 1955 , as Director of Special Projects at the Bureau of Weapons . His task was to develop a submarine-launched ballistic missile . He reported directly to Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Arleigh Burke and the Secretary of the Navy Charles Thomas . Raborn was told the new system had to achieve interim capability by early 1963 and full capability by early 1965 . The , the first ballistic missile submarine , was commissioned December 30 , 1959 , fired its first test missile July 20 , 1960 , and departed on the Navy 's first deterrent patrol on November 15 , 1960 . Raborn received the Distinguished Service Medal and was appointed Vice Admiral in 1960 . The same year he was awarded the Collier Trophy for his work on Polaris . Raborn had delivered Polaris three years ahead of schedule , due in part to his application of the PERT methodology . He became Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Development in 1962 . Raborn retired from the Navy in 1965 and on April 28 of that year , despite his having no intelligence experience , President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Raborn as the seventh Director of Central Intelligence ( DCI ) . As DCI , one of his primary responsibilities was to direct the Central Intelligence Agency . Time magazine wrote that his organizational skills would be invaluable in a CIA that admitted it was in danger of being `` drowned in data '' , but his tenure was not successful : author David Barrett described Raborn as `` incompetent at CIA , not understanding the agency or the intelligence business '' , and even the CIA 's own historians said `` Raborn did not ` take ' to the DCI job '' . A later CIA director , William Colby , described Raborn as focused on intelligence technology and not sufficiently attuned to the cultural issues involved in dealing with foreign nationals and governments . Raborn resigned on June 30 , 1966 , having served for only fourteen months as DCI . He was replaced by his deputy , Richard Helms . He was involved , during his time at the CIA , in its early activities against Ramparts magazine and its editors . Raborn is buried in the United States Naval Academy Cemetery in Annapolis , Maryland . Raborn was also : Vice Admiral ( United States Navy ) Director , U.S. Navy Special Projects Office Deputy Chief of Naval Operations", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2aba1dabe5a0a87075d042030226da9", "text": "USS England (DLG-22) The second USS England ( DLG/CG -22 ) , a guided missile cruiser , was a ship of the United States Navy named in honor of Ensign John C. England . Originally called a `` destroyer leader '' or frigate , in 1975 she was re-designated a cruiser in the Navy 's 1975 ship reclassification . Ensign John Charles England was born in Harris , Missouri , on 11 December 1920 . He attended Pasadena City College , in Pasadena , California and was on the pep-squad there . He enlisted in the Naval Reserve on 6 September 1940 and was commissioned ensign on 6 June 1941 . On 3 September 1941 he reported for duty on the battleship and was killed three months later while saving others aboard during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 . CG/DLG -22 was the second USS England . The first was , the ship that sank six enemy submarines in 12 days in May 1944 . That act caused the Chief of Naval Operations , Admiral Ernest King , to declare `` There 'll always be an England in the United States Navy . '' DE-635 was decommissioned in 1945 . To fulfill Admiral King 's promise , USS England DLG-22 was built by Todd Shipyards , Los Angeles Division , San Pedro , California . The keel was laid on 4 October 1960 , launched 6 March 1962 , and commissioned on 7 December 1963 . Her designation was changed in 1976 to CG-22 at Bremerton Naval Shipyard during an overhaul . England served in every major Pacific engagement from Vietnam to Desert Storm , from rescuing pilots , performing as plane guard or picket , to showing force around the globe . England was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation Ribbon for supporting search and rescue operations in the Gulf of Tonkin from 3 January to 6 June 1966 . England was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation a final time for actions performed 2 August to 16 August 1990 . As the leading Naval Warship in the region , England assumed primary shipping interdiction and air defense roles while forces were mobilized to support what would become Operation Desert Shield . She was decommissioned on 21 January 1994 , mothballed in the Suisun Bay for ten years and later scrapped in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cbd2926b58ff9a85092f227e6e04155", "text": "Design 1095 ship The Design 1095 ship was an Emergency Fleet Corporation ( EFC ) design for a troop transport to be built at New York Shipbuilding Corporation and delivered to the United States Shipping Board ( USSB ) that , at the end of World War I hostilities , was modified to a combined passenger and cargo vessel . The contract was for thirteen ships , EFC hulls 2579 though 2591 , but later adjusted to seven ships with the remainder being changed during construction to the slightly larger ships of EFC Design 1029 built from the start as passenger and cargo ships rather than being modified from the troop ship plan . After initial service as USSB owned ships operated by agents , United States Lines in Atlantic service between New York and Europe with five ships and two ships with Swayne and Hoyt with the Pacific-Argentine-Brazil Line , the ships were sold in 1923 to Robert Dollar Company which initiated the Dollar and successor American President Lines ' tradition of naming ships after presidents . The ships inaugurated Dollar 's `` Round-the-World '' service which was continued by American President Lines with additional ships . During World War II the seven ships were used as troop transports , three being converted to hospital ships ( 2 Army and 1 Navy ) and three were lost . The three ships built as Old North State , Panhandle State and Blue Hen State became hospital ships and survived the war . Creole State served as a transport and began conversion to a hospital ship in the closing days of the war but the conversion stopped with peace upon which she was reconverted to become an Army transport for dependent repatriation . Two , President Taylor , built as Granite State and President Grant , built as Centennial State , became total losses after groundings . The ship built as Wolverine State and President Harrison at the time , was on a second voyage to evacuate Marines and civilians from China sailing after 7 December 1941 , was grounded in an attempt to deny use by the Japanese , but salvaged and named Kachidoki Maru . While transporting British prisoners of war Kachidoki Maru was torpedoed and sunk by on 12 September 1944 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79817be2ba8c1f3227988f676f16feea", "text": "USS Oklahoma City (SSN-723) USS Oklahoma City ( SSN-723 ) , a , is the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Oklahoma City , Oklahoma . The contract to build it was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News , Virginia on 13 August 1981 and its keel was laid down on 4 January 1984 . It was launched on 2 November 1985 sponsored by Mrs. Linda M. Nickles , and commissioned on 9 July 1988 , with Commander Kevin John Reardon in command . In 1991 , Oklahoma City won the Marjorie Sterrett Battleship Fund Award for the Atlantic Fleet . On 13 November 2002 , Oklahoma City collided with the Leif Hoegh liquefied natural gas tanker Norman Lady , east of the Strait of Gibraltar . No one on either vessel was hurt , and there were no leaks of oil from fuel tanks and no threat to the environment , but the submarine sustained damage to its periscope and sail area , and put into La Maddalena , Sardinia , for repairs . Its commanding officer , Commander Richard Voter , was relieved of his command on 30 November . One other officer and two enlisted crew members also were disciplined for dereliction of duty . On 20 January 2005 Oklahoma City returned to Norfolk , Virginia , after a six-month deployment in support of national security interests and the War on Terrorism . OKC transited to its patrol area in the Pacific Ocean via the Arctic Ocean , the first such transit for a first-flight . After the patrol , it then completed a circumnavigation of North America by transiting back to the Atlantic Ocean through the Panama Canal and returning to its home port in Norfolk . In early 2007 , Oklahoma City became the first submarine certified to exclusively use Digital Nautical Charts ( DNCs ) , using the Voyage Management System ( VMS ) . VMS is part of the Electronic Chart Display and Information System-Navy ( ECDIS-N ) system , which has been under development since 1990 . The shift from traditional paper navigation to an all-electronic navigation suite marked the first significant shift in U.S. Navy navigation practices since the introduction of the Global Positioning System ( GPS ) in the 1990s . From May to November 2007 , Oklahoma City completed a deployment to the Persian Gulf in support of the War on Terror . It spent May to July 2008 in the Eastern Pacific in support of the War on Drugs , and was responsible for seizing more than 11 metric tons of cocaine valued at more than $ 1.5 billion ( USD ) . Oklahoma City was awarded the 2008 Squadron Eight Battle `` E '' . On 22 November 2008 , Commander Aaron M. Thieme relieved Commander Louis Edward Mayer IV as Commanding Officer . After a 26-month overhaul , in March 2011 the sub was forward deployed to Guam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e7bcc082cb347b1188f67761a806d72", "text": "USS Chattanooga Four ships of the United States Navy have been named Chattanooga , after the city of Chattanooga , Tennessee . was a steam sloop in use from 1866 to 1871 . was a protected cruiser in service from 1904 to 1921 . was a , renamed Uniontown on 18 August 1944 before its commissioning . was a planned light cruiser but construction was canceled 12 August 1945 , prior to launching . In 1917 , the Angel Hotel , Cardiff , Wales , was requisitioned on behalf the US Navy and was renamed USS Chattanooga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af3e403bcc874b357a463edbeba3e342", "text": "USS S-38 (SS-143) USS S-38 ( SS-143 ) was a S-class submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down on 15 January 1919 by the Union Iron Works in San Francisco , California . She was launched on 17 June 1919 sponsored by Mrs. Grace M. Collins , and commissioned on 11 May 1923 with Lieutenant Clifford H. `` Stony '' Roper ( Class of 1916 ) in command .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67c8ff729146648215b3455e08949c9b", "text": "USS Tucker (DD-57) USS Tucker ( Destroyer No. 57/DD -57 ) was the lead ship of her class of destroyers built for the United States Navy prior to the American entry into World War I . The ship was the first U.S. Navy vessel named for Samuel Tucker . Tucker was laid down by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company of Quincy , Massachusetts , in November 1914 and launched in May 1915 . The ship was a little more than 315 ft in length , nearly 30 ft abeam , and had a standard displacement of 1090 LT. She was armed with four 4 in/50 caliber guns and had eight 21 inch ( 533 mm ) torpedo tubes . Tucker was powered by a pair of steam turbines that propelled her at up to 29.5 knots . After her April 1916 commissioning , Tucker sailed in the Atlantic and the Caribbean . After the United States entered World War I in April 1917 , Tucker was part of the second U.S. destroyer squadron sent overseas . Patrolling the Irish Sea out of Queenstown , Ireland , Tucker made several rescues of passengers and crew from ships sunk by U-boats . For her part in rescuing crewmen from the Dupetit-Thouars in August 1918 , Tucker received a commendation from the Préfet Maritime . In June , Tucker was transferred to Brest , France , and spent the remainder of the war there . Upon returning to the United State near the end of 1918 , Tucker underwent repairs at the Boston Navy Yard . After a New England recruiting tour through October 1919 , she was placed in reduced commission and then decommissioned in May 1921 . In March 1926 , Tucker was transferred to the United States Coast Guard to help enforce Prohibition as a part of the `` Rum Patrol '' . She operated under the name USCGC Tucker ( CG-23 ) until 1933 ; during her Coast Guard service , she was the first American ship to arrive at the crash site of Navy airship . After her transfer back to the Navy later in 1933 , the ship was renamed DD-57 to free the name Tucker for another destroyer . She was sold for scrap and hulked in December 1936 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5ecb9b7c5c7ec44fecd55dee9c8ffbe", "text": "USS Helena Four ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Helena , after the city of Helena , Montana . was a gunboat in service from 1897 to 1932 . was a light cruiser , commissioned in 1939 , that saw heavy action in the Solomon Islands during World War II , ultimately being sunk in the Battle of Kula Gulf in July 1943 . was a planned light cruiser canceled in 1944 while under construction . was a heavy cruiser commissioned in 1945 , active in the Korean War , and decommissioned in 1963 . is a nuclear attack submarine commissioned in 1987 and currently in active service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aed6d5269d87999da2a3a189943b01a2", "text": "USS S-20 (SS-125) USS S-20 ( SS-125 ) was a first-group ( S-1 or `` Holland '' ) S-class submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down on 15 August 1918 by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation 's Fore River Shipyard , Quincy , Massachusetts . She was launched on 9 June 1920 sponsored by Miss Anne Claggett Zell , and commissioned on 22 November 1922 with Lieutenant John A. Brownell in command . S-20 was rebuilt in 1924 , with a larger bow ( similar to that of the V-1 class ) to improve seakeeping and blisters on the upper hull to hold more fuel , but this modification was not repeated on any other members of the class . She was also used as an experimental engine test vessel , with a new high-speed geared-drive 600 hp MAN diesel replacing her starboard engine in 1931 . In 1932 , this new engine was replaced by a prototype diesel-electric plant . This was a MAN-type 635 hp 16-cylinder engine running at even higher speed , driving an electrical generator , built by General Dynamics Electric Boat and designated 16VM1 . Electricity produced by the generator was used to drive a high-speed electric motor geared to the shaft ; there was no direct connection between the diesel engine and the shaft . Diesel-electric propulsion was then adopted for many U.S. submarines through World War II , starting with the 1932 Porpoise class ; other navies did not follow suit until after the war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c53ed8aac4bb6bccc3a3e1c5c15e99b", "text": "USS Medregal (SS-480) USS Medregal ( SS-480 / AGSS-480 ) , a Tench-class submarine , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the medregal , a streamlined , fast-swimming , bluish-colored fish of the jack family which abounds in waters of the West Indies and in the Atlantic as far north as the Carolinas . Medregal '' 's keel was laid down by the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard on 21 August 1944 . She was launched on 15 December 1944 , sponsored by Mrs. A. H. Taylor , and was commissioned on 14 April 1945 , Commander William M. Wright in command with E. C. Linden as Exec ( executive officer ) . Medregal departed Portsmouth in April 1945 . A collision with a U.S. destroyer escort off the north coast of Panama while submerged caused major damage to the periscope shears and radar , requiring a return to Portsmouth just at the time that Germany surrendered . After repairs and Air/Sea Rescue modifications , Medregal '' departed New London , Connecticut , on 16 June , and steamed to participate in final operations in the Pacific against the Japanese . The surrender of Japan halted her long Pacific voyage and she returned to the Canal Zone , thence to Key West , Florida , for operations with Submarine Squadron 4 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9450c9b6203e02732409c4492e0d1beb", "text": "USS Holland (SS-1) USS Holland ( SS-1 ) was the United States Navy 's first modern commissioned submarine , although not the first military submarine of the United States , which was the 1775 submersible Turtle . The boat was originally laid down as Holland VI at the Crescent Shipyard of Elizabeth , New Jersey for John Holland 's Holland Torpedo Boat Company , and launched on 17 May 1897 . She was acquired by the USN on 11 April 1900 and commissioned on 12 October 1900 , Lieutenant H. H. Caldwell commanding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b5b13bff5069ecb7e7a7033d380a37b", "text": "USS Snapper (SS-185) USS Snapper ( SS-185 ) , a Salmon-class submarine , was the third ship of the United States Navy of the name and the second to be named for the snapper , any of numerous carnivorous , bass-like fishes , esteemed as food and as game fishes . Her keel was laid down by the Portsmouth Navy Yard on 23 July 1936 . She was launched on 24 August 1937 , sponsored by Mrs. Katharine R. Stark , wife of Rear Admiral Harold R. Stark , Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance , and commissioned on 16 December 1937 with Lieutenant F. O. Johnson in command .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21cffe1c6742c53d2e31f405cbebd108", "text": "USS Montana (SSN-794) Montana will be a Virginia-class submarine , honoring the U.S. State of Montana which is known for the service of its people . Approximately 10 % of Montana citizens have served in the Armed Forces . Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced its name on September 3 , 2015 at a ceremony hosted in Billings , Montana with U.S. Senator Jon Tester ( D-MT ) . This will only be the second commissioned warship bearing the name Montana . A contract modification for Oregon SSN-793 , Montana SSN-794 , and was initially awarded to General Dynamics Electric Boat for $ 594.7 million in April 2012 . On December 23 , 2014 , they were awarded an additional $ 121.8 million contract modification to buy long lead-time material for the three Virginia-class submarines . The U.S. Navy awarded General Dynamics Electric Boat the contract to construct 10 Block IV Virginia-class submarines for $ 17.6 billion on April 28 , 2014 . commenced in May 2014 with the 10th ship scheduled for delivery in 2023 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "298ee36d288476a258b77e0dfe2c8fe6", "text": "HMS Salmon (N65) HMS Salmon was a Royal Navy S-class submarine which was launched on 30 April 1934 , and fought in the Second World War . Salmon is one of twelve boats named in the song `` Twelve Little S-Boats '' . On 4 December 1939 , while on patrol in the North Sea , Salmon torpedoed and sank . On 12 December 1939 , Salmon sighted the German liner . While challenging Bremen , an escorting Dornier Do 18 seaplane forced Salmon to dive . After diving the Salmon 's commander , Lieutenant Commander E. O. Bickford , decided not to torpedo the liner because he believed she was not a legal target . Bickford 's decision not to fire on Bremen likely delayed the start of unrestricted submarine warfare in the war . On 13 December 1939 , Salmon sighted a fleet of German warships . She fired a spread of torpedoes which damaged two German cruisers ( one was , the other , her younger sister ship , ) . Salmon evaded the fleet 's destroyers , which hunted her for two hours . She was lost , probably sunk by a mine , on 9 July 1940 . There is a report from 2008 that the same survey ship that found the wreck of the sister submarine HMS Shark also found the wreck of HMS Salmon nearby in waters off Norway .", "title": "" } ]	fever
78a340f0e8ef8c497284297d270fcebb	John F. Kennedy was not the president of the United States of America.	[ { "docid": "5d0aae8b045f12718f8d7e3dbf1a10ac", "text": "Rose Kennedy Countess Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald Kennedy ( July 22 , 1890 -- January 22 , 1995 ) was an American philanthropist , centenarian and socialite . She was deeply embedded in the `` lace curtain '' Irish Catholic community in Boston , where her father was mayor . She was the wife of businessman and investor Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. , who was United States Ambassador to the Court of St James 's . Their nine children included President John F. Kennedy , Senator Robert F. Kennedy , and longtime Senator Ted Kennedy . She was the sixth American woman to be granted the title of Countess by the Vatican .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "211456e71b489408b335fdfd24883374", "text": "Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon Baines Johnson ( -LSB- ˈlɪndən_ˈbeɪnz_ˈdʒɒnsən -RSB- August 27 , 1908January 22 , 1973 ) , often referred to as LBJ , was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969 , assuming the office after serving as the 37th Vice President of the United States under President John F. Kennedy from 1961 to 1963 . A Democrat from Texas , he also served as a United States Representative and as the Majority Leader in the United States Senate . Johnson is one of only four people who have served in all four federal elected positions . Born in a farmhouse in Stonewall , Texas , Johnson was a high school teacher and worked as a Congressional aide before winning election to the House of Representatives in 1937 . He won election to the Senate in 1948 , and was appointed the position of Senate Majority Whip in 1951 . He became the Senate Minority Leader in 1953 and the Senate Majority Leader in 1955 . As a leader in the Senate , Johnson became known for his domineering personality and the `` Johnson treatment '' , his aggressive coercion of powerful politicians to advance legislation . Johnson ran for the Democratic nomination in the 1960 presidential election . Although unsuccessful , he was chosen by then-Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts to be his running mate . They went on to win a close election over the Republican ticket of Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. , and Johnson was sworn in as Vice President on January 20 , 1961 . On November 22 , 1963 , Johnson succeeded Kennedy as President following the latter 's assassination . Johnson won a landslide re-election in 1964 , defeating Republican Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona . In domestic policy , Johnson designed the `` Great Society '' legislation by upholding civil rights , public broadcasting , Medicare , Medicaid , aid to education , the arts , urban and rural development , public services , and his `` War on Poverty '' . Assisted in part by a growing economy , the War on Poverty helped millions of Americans rise above the poverty line during his administration . Civil rights bills that he signed into law banned racial discrimination in public facilities , interstate commerce , the workplace , and housing ; the Voting Rights Act prohibited certain requirements in southern states used to disenfranchise African Americans . With the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 , the country 's immigration system was reformed , encouraging greater immigration from regions other than Europe . Johnson 's presidency marked the peak of modern liberalism after the New Deal era . In foreign policy , Johnson escalated American involvement in the Vietnam War . In 1964 , Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution , which granted Johnson the power to use military force in Southeast Asia without having to ask for an official declaration of war . The number of American military personnel in Vietnam increased dramatically , from 16,000 advisors in non-combat roles in 1963 to 525,000 in 1967 , many in combat roles . American casualties soared and the peace process bogged down . Growing unease with the war stimulated a large , angry antiwar movement based especially on university campuses . Johnson faced further troubles when summer riots broke out in most major cities after 1965 , and crime rates soared , as his opponents raised demands for `` law and order '' policies . While he began his presidency with widespread approval , support for Johnson declined as the public became upset with both the war and the growing violence at home . In 1968 , the Democratic Party factionalized as antiwar elements denounced Johnson ; he ended his bid for renomination after a disappointing finish in the New Hampshire primary . Nixon was elected to succeed him , as the New Deal coalition that had dominated presidential politics for 36 years collapsed . After he left office in January 1969 , Johnson returned to his Texas ranch , where he died of a heart attack at age 64 on January 22 , 1973 . Johnson is ranked favorably by many historians because of his domestic policies and the passage of many major laws that affected civil rights , gun control , wilderness preservation , and Social Security . He also drew substantial criticism for his handling of the Vietnam War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0402ffc3ee34ef48d6fdf70e587d61a4", "text": "Massachusetts's 11th congressional district Massachusetts Congressional District 11 is an obsolete congressional district in eastern Massachusetts . It was eliminated in 1993 after the 1990 U.S. Census . Its last Congressman was Brian Donnelly ; its most notable were John Quincy Adams following his term as president , eventual president John F. Kennedy and Speaker Tip O'Neill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa28e967c84dfcbc0e0f328e10f6331b", "text": "Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis , also known as the October Crisis ( Crisis de Octubre ) , the Caribbean Crisis ( Карибский кризис , tr . Karibskij krizis ) , or the Missile Scare , was a 13-day ( October 16 -- 28 , 1962 ) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba . The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war . In response to the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961 , and the presence of American Jupiter ballistic missiles in Italy and Turkey , Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev decided to agree to Cuba 's request to place nuclear missiles on the island to deter future invasions . An agreement was reached during a secret meeting between Khrushchev and Fidel Castro in July 1962 and construction of a number of missile launch facilities started later that summer . The 1962 midterm elections were under way in the United States and the White House had denied charges that it was ignoring dangerous Soviet missiles 90 miles from Florida . These missile preparations were confirmed when an Air Force U-2 spy plane produced clear photographic evidence of medium-range ( SS-4 ) and intermediate-range ( R-14 ) ballistic missile facilities . The United States established a military blockade to prevent further missiles from reaching Cuba . It announced that they would not permit offensive weapons to be delivered to Cuba and demanded that the weapons already in Cuba be dismantled and returned to the USSR . After a long period of tense negotiations , an agreement was reached between U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Khrushchev . Publicly , the Soviets would dismantle their offensive weapons in Cuba and return them to the Soviet Union , subject to United Nations verification , in exchange for a U.S. public declaration and agreement never to invade Cuba again without direct provocation . Secretly , the United States also agreed that it would dismantle all U.S.-built Jupiter MRBMs , which , unknown to the public , had been deployed in Turkey and Italy against the Soviet Union . When all offensive missiles and Ilyushin Il-28 light bombers had been withdrawn from Cuba , the blockade was formally ended on November 20 , 1962 . The negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union pointed out the necessity of a quick , clear , and direct communication line between Washington and Moscow . As a result , the Moscow -- Washington hotline was established . A series of agreements sharply reduced U.S. -- Soviet tensions during the following years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "069cad92463cf939adbc94d6f9cf7bea", "text": "Warren Commission The President 's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy , known unofficially as the Warren Commission , was established by President Lyndon B. Johnson through on November 29 , 1963 to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy that had taken place on November 22 , 1963 . The U.S. Congress passed Senate Joint Resolution 137 authorizing the Presidential appointed Commission to report on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy , mandating the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence concerning the infraction occurring in Dallas , Texas on November 22 , 1963 . Its 888-page final report was presented to President Johnson on September 24 , 1964 and made public three days later . It concluded that President Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald and that Oswald acted entirely alone . It also concluded that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald two days later . The Commission 's findings have proven controversial and have been both challenged and supported by later studies . The Commission took its unofficial name -- the Warren Commission -- from its chairman , Chief Justice Earl Warren . According to published transcripts of Johnson 's presidential phone conversations , some major officials were opposed to forming such a commission and several commission members took part only reluctantly . One of their chief reservations was that a commission would ultimately create more controversy than consensus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "373954a6f7b54b574f7b1bf45477100a", "text": "Peace Corps The Peace Corps is a volunteer program run by the United States government . The stated mission of the Peace Corps includes providing technical assistance , helping people outside the United States to understand American culture , and helping Americans to understand the cultures of other countries . The work is generally related to social and economic development . Each program participant , a Peace Corps Volunteer , is an American citizen , typically with a college degree , who works abroad for a period of two years after three months of training . Volunteers work with governments , schools , non-profit organizations , non-government organizations , and entrepreneurs in education , business , information technology , agriculture , and the environment . After 24 months of service , volunteers can request an extension of service . The program was established by Executive Order 10924 , issued by President John F. Kennedy on March 1 , 1961 , announced by televised broadcast March 2 , 1961 , and authorized by Congress on September 21 , 1961 , with passage of the Peace Corps Act ( Pub.L . 87 -- 293 ) . The act declares the program 's purpose as follows : To promote world peace and friendship through a Peace Corps , which shall make available to interested countries and areas men and women of the United States qualified for service abroad and willing to serve , under conditions of hardship if necessary , to help the peoples of such countries and areas in meeting their needs for trained manpower . From 1961 to 2015 , nearly 220,000 Americans have joined the Peace Corps and served in 141 countries . The Peace Corps shows `` the willingness of Americans to work at the grassroots level in order to help underdeveloped countries meet their needs '' . The Peace Corps has affected the way people of other countries view Americans , how Americans view other countries , and how Americans view their own country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c200cd5554534b74ddc72869f441f6", "text": "John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald `` Jack '' Kennedy ( May 29 , 1917 -- November 22 , 1963 ) , commonly referred to by his initials JFK , was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963 . Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War , and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union . He was a member of the Democratic Party who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president . Kennedy was born in Brookline , Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy , Sr. and Rose Kennedy . A scion of the Kennedy family , he graduated from Harvard University in 1940 before joining the United States Naval Reserve the following year . During World War II , Kennedy commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his service . After the war , Kennedy represented Massachusetts 's 11th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1947 until 1953 . He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960 . While serving in the Senate , he published Profiles in Courage , which won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography . In the 1960 presidential election , Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon , who was the incumbent Vice President . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states in the Cold War . He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower . In April 1961 , he authorized a failed joint-CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion . He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , U.S. spy planes discovered that Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of tensions , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict . Domestically , Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps and supported the Civil Rights Movement , but he was largely unsuccessful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies . Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians ' polls of U.S. presidents and with the general public . His average approval rating of 70 % is the highest of any president in Gallup 's history of systematically measuring job approval . On November 22 , 1963 , Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas , Texas . Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the crime , but he was never prosecuted due to his murder by Jack Ruby two days later . Pursuant to the Presidential Succession Act , Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president later that day . The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin , but various groups believed that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy . After Kennedy 's death , many of his proposals were enacted , including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58cc86d51d430f7e3ac11a575dfb69e4", "text": "Assassination of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy , the 35th President of the United States , was assassinated on Friday , November 22 , 1963 at 12:30 p.m Central Standard Time in Dallas , Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza . Kennedy was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while he was riding with his wife , Jacqueline , Texas Governor John Connally , and Connally 's wife , Nellie , in a presidential motorcade . A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964 concluded that Oswald acted alone in shooting Kennedy , and that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald before he could stand trial . Kennedy 's death marked the fourth ( following Lincoln , Garfield , and McKinley ) and most recent assassination of an American President . Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson became President upon Kennedy 's death . In contrast to the conclusions of the Warren Commission , the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations ( HSCA ) concluded in 1979 that Kennedy was `` probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy '' . The HSCA agreed with the Warren Commission that the injuries sustained by Kennedy and Connally were caused by Oswald 's three rifle shots , but they also determined the existence of an additional gunshot based on analysis of an audio recording and therefore '' ... a high probability that two gunmen fired at -LSB- the -RSB- President . '' The Committee was not able to identify any individuals or groups involved with the possible conspiracy . In addition , the HSCA found that the original federal investigations were `` seriously flawed '' with respect to information-sharing and the possibility of conspiracy . As recommended by the HSCA , the acoustic evidence indicating conspiracy was subsequently re-examined and rejected . In light of the investigative reports determining that `` reliable acoustic data do not support a conclusion that there was a second gunman , '' the Justice Department has concluded active investigations , stating `` that no persuasive evidence can be identified to support the theory of a conspiracy in ... the assassination of President Kennedy . '' However , Kennedy 's assassination is still the subject of widespread debate and has spawned numerous conspiracy theories and alternative scenarios . Polling in 2013 showed that 60 % of Americans believe that a group of conspirators was responsible for the assassination . As of 2017 , Kennedy is the most recent president to die in office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8331d6e28eed2161979373f3f41ec1ac", "text": "Jack Ruby Jack Leon Ruby ( born Jacob Leonard Rubenstein ; March 25 , 1911 -- January 3 , 1967 ) was an American , originally from Chicago , Illinois , who lived in Dallas , Texas where he owned a nightclub . On November 24 , 1963 , he fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald who was in police custody after being charged with assassinating U.S. President John F. Kennedy two days earlier . A Dallas jury found him guilty of murdering Oswald and was sentenced to death . Ruby 's conviction was later appealed and he was granted a new trial . However , on January 3 , 1967 , as the date for his new trial was being set , Ruby became ill in his prison cell and died of a pulmonary embolism from lung cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcc9ae723a207ad330abddd75588b8fe", "text": "Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon ( January 9 , 1913 -- April 22 , 1994 ) was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974 , when he became the only U.S. president to resign from office . He had previously served as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 under the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower , and prior to that as a U.S. Representative and also Senator from California . Nixon was born in Yorba Linda , California . After completing his undergraduate studies at Whittier College , he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937 and returned to California to practice law . He and his wife Pat moved to Washington in 1942 to work for the federal government . He subsequently served on active duty in the U.S. Navy Reserve during World War II . Nixon was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950 . His pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist , and elevated him to national prominence . He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower , the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election . Nixon served for eight years as vice president -- at 40 , the second-youngest vice president in history . He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960 , narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy , and lost a race for Governor of California to Pat Brown in 1962 . In 1968 , he ran for the presidency again and was elected by defeating incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey . Nixon ended American involvement in the war in Vietnam in 1973 and brought the American POWs home , and ended the military draft . Nixon 's visit to the People 's Republic of China in 1972 eventually led to diplomatic relations between the two nations , and he initiated détente and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union the same year . His administration generally transferred power from Washington D.C. to the states . He imposed wage and price controls for a period of ninety days , enforced desegregation of Southern schools and established the Environmental Protection Agency . Nixon also presided over the Apollo 11 moon landing , which signaled the end of the moon race . He was reelected in one of the largest electoral landslides in U.S. history in 1972 , when he defeated George McGovern . The year 1973 saw an Arab oil embargo , gasoline rationing , and a continuing series of revelations about the Watergate scandal . The scandal escalated , costing Nixon much of his political support , and on August 9 , 1974 , he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office . After his resignation , he was issued a pardon by his successor , Gerald Ford . In retirement , Nixon 's work writing several books and undertaking of many foreign trips helped to rehabilitate his image . He suffered a debilitating stroke on April 18 , 1994 , and died four days later at the age of 81 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "805f98b5769195512d3f2876e78e78c5", "text": "Operation Northwoods Operation Northwoods was a proposed false flag operation against the Cuban government , that originated within the U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) and the Joint Chiefs of Staff ( JCS ) of the United States government in 1962 . The proposals called for the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) or other U.S. government operatives to commit acts of terrorism against American civilians and military targets , blaming it on the Cuban government , and using it to justify a war against Cuba . The plans detailed in the document included the possible assassination of Cuban émigrés , sinking boats of Cuban refugees on the high seas , hijacking planes , blowing up a U.S. ship , and orchestrating violent terrorism in U.S. cities . The proposals were rejected by the Kennedy administration . At the time of the proposal , communists led by Fidel Castro had recently taken power in Cuba . The operation proposed creating public support for a war against Cuba by blaming it for terrorist acts that would actually be perpetrated by the U.S. Government . To this end , Operation Northwoods proposals recommended hijackings and bombings followed by the introduction of phony evidence that would implicate the Cuban government . It stated : The desired resultant from the execution of this plan would be to place the United States in the apparent position of suffering defensible grievances from a rash and irresponsible government of Cuba and to develop an international image of a Cuban threat to peace in the Western Hemisphere . Several other proposals were included within Operation Northwoods , including real or simulated actions against various U.S. military and civilian targets . The operation recommended developing a `` Communist Cuban terror campaign in the Miami area , in other Florida cities and even in Washington '' . The plan was drafted by the Joint Chiefs of Staff , signed by Chairman Lyman Lemnitzer and sent to the Secretary of Defense . Although part of the U.S. government 's anti-communist Cuban Project , Operation Northwoods was never officially accepted ; it was authorized by the Joint Chiefs of Staff , but then rejected by President John F. Kennedy . According to currently released documentation , none of the operations became active under the auspices of the Operation Northwoods proposals .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "68565af946b0b8279ccc7d77f2e5f794", "text": "Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country 's national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ) , to partial and restricted ( constitutional monarchy ) , to completely autocratic ( absolute monarchy ) . Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch 's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , etc. . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch 's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia `` reign , but do not rule '' although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41110c55c3ff761f51a9bb721bcbdf1f", "text": "Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8933964b338b6e86593ff7349197dac", "text": "Martin J. Kennedy Martin John Kennedy ( August 29 , 1892 -- October 27 , 1955 ) was an American politician from New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53f27b00d10d88c30a227b3d82e16421", "text": "Unitary executive theory The unitary executive theory is a theory of American constitutional law holding that the President possesses the power to control the entire executive branch . The doctrine is rooted in Article Two of the United States Constitution , which vests `` the executive power '' of the United States in the President . Although that general principle is widely accepted , there is disagreement about the strength and scope of the doctrine . It can be said that some favor a `` strongly unitary '' executive , while others favor a `` weakly unitary '' executive . The former group argue , for example , that Congress 's power to interfere with intra-executive decision-making ( such as firing executive branch officials ) is limited , and that the President can control policy-making by all executive agencies within the limits set for those agencies by Congress . Still others agree that the Constitution requires a unitary executive , but believe this to be a bad thing , and propose its abolition by constitutional amendment . In several states , in contrast to the federal government , executive officers such as lieutenant governor , attorney general , comptroller , secretary of state and others are elected independently of the state 's governor , with Texas being one example . This type of executive structure is known as a plural executive . Another type of plural executive , used in Japan , Israel , and Sweden , though not in any U.S. state , in which a collegial body comprises the executive branch - however , that collegial body does not comprise multiple members elected in elections , but is rather more akin to the US Cabinet in formation and structure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "695ffd78a820b8d37ab3a32ddbbeba59", "text": "United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom The United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom ( known formally in the United Kingdom as Ambassador of the United States to the Court of St James 's ) is the official representative of the President and the Government of the United States of America to the Queen and Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . The position is regarded as one of the most prestigious positions in the United States Foreign Service due to the so-called `` Special Relationship '' . The ambassadorship has been held by various notable politicians , including five who would later become presidents : John Adams , James Monroe , John Quincy Adams , Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan . However , the modern tendency of American presidents ( of both parties ) is to appoint keen political fundraisers from previous presidential campaigns , despite the importance and prestige of the office . The ambassador and the embassy staff at large work at the American Embassy in Grosvenor Square , London . The official residence of the ambassador is Winfield House in Regent 's Park . The post of ambassador is currently vacant ; however , President Trump has announced Woody Johnson as his choice for the post . As of May 18 , 2017 Johnson had not been formally nominated for confirmation by the US Senate . Lewis Lukens is currently serving as Chargé d'affaires-a . i. until Johnson is approved by the Senate . The most recent Ambassador was Matthew Barzun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee4eedd5cd5a0bcb807cf82134b1ec05", "text": "The Federal Union The Federal Union : A History of the United States to 1877 ( originally published as The Federal Union : A History of the United States to 1865 ) is history of the United States written by John D. Hicks , George E. Mowry and Robert E. Burke . First published in 1937 , it covered the period from the discovery of the Americas in 1492 to the end of the Civil War in 1865 . Four revised editions followed that also covered the Reconstruction Era up to 1877 , and accordingly were published with an updated subtitle . The fifth and final edition appeared in 1970 . The Federal Union was primarily written as a university-level textbook , and was published with accompanying manuals for instructors and for students . It was the first of a two-volume set . The second volume was entitled The American Nation : 1865 to the Present . An abridged one-volume edition first appeared in 1946 as A Short History of American Democracy . The book was aimed at undergraduate students , other readers appreciated its qualities . For example , historian George Fort Milton admired Hicks 's `` capacity for extraordinary compression without at the same time either getting the style too bare-bones for pleasurable reading ; or the facts too black-and-white for the necessary implications of gradations of gray . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d678faafe13fb09ffe77c9e2783541", "text": "History of the United States National Security Council 1953–61 This article is about the history of the United States National Security Council during the Eisenhower Administration , 1953 -- 1961 . Under President Dwight D. Eisenhower , the National Security Council system evolved into the principal arm of the President in formulating and executing policy on military , international , and internal security affairs . Where Harry S. Truman was uncomfortable with the NSC system and only made regular use of it under the pressure of the Korean War , Eisenhower embraced the NSC concept and created a structured system of integrated policy review . Eisenhower had a penchant for careful staff work , and believed that effective planning involved a creative process of discussion and debate among advisers compelled to work toward consensus recommendations . The genesis of the new NSC system was a report prepared for the President in March 1953 by Robert Cutler , who became the President 's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs . Cutler proposed a systematic flow of recommendation , decision , and implementation that he later described as the `` policy hill '' process . At the bottom of the hill , concerned agencies such as State and Defense produced draft policy recommendations on specific topics and worked for consensus at the agency level . These draft NSC papers went up the hill through the Planning Board , created to review and refine the recommendations before passing them on for full NSC consideration . The NSC Planning Board met on Tuesday and Friday afternoons and was composed of officials at the Assistant Secretary level from the agencies with permanent or standing representation on the Council , as well as advisers from the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Central Intelligence Agency . Hundreds of hours were spent by the Board reviewing and reconstructing proposed papers for the NSC . Cutler resigned in 1958 in exhaustion . The top of the foreign policy-making hill was the NSC itself , chaired by the President , which met regularly on Thursday mornings . The Council consisted of the five statutory members : the President , Vice President , Secretaries of State and Defense , and Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization . Depending on the subject under discussion , as many as a score of other senior Cabinet members and advisers , including the Secretary of the Treasury , the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , and the Director of Central Intelligence , attended and participated . The agenda included regular briefings by the Director of Central Intelligence on worldwide developments affecting U.S. security , and consideration of the policy papers advanced by the Planning Board . The upshot of the discussions were recommendations to the President in the form of NSC Actions . The President , who participated in the discussion , normally endorsed the NSC Action , and the decision went down the hill for implementation to the Operations Coordinating Board . President Eisenhower created the Operations Coordinating Board ( OCB ) to follow up on all NSC decisions . The OCB met regularly on Wednesday afternoons at the Department of State , and was composed of the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs , Deputy Secretary of Defense , the Directors of the CIA , the United States Information Agency , and ICA , and the Special Assistants to the President for National Security Affairs and Security Operations Coordination . The OCB was the coordinating and implementing arm of the NSC for all aspects of the implementation of national security policy . NSC action papers were assigned to a team from the OCB for follow-up . More than 40 interagency working groups were established with experts for various countries and subjects . This 24-person staff of the OCB supported these working groups in which officials from various agencies met each other for the first time . The President 's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs , a post held under Eisenhower by Cutler , Dillon Anderson , William Harding Jackson , and finally Gordon Gray , oversaw the flow of recommendations and decisions up and down the policy hill , and functioned in Council meetings to brief the Council and summarize the sense of discussion . The Special Assistant was an essential facilitator of the decision-making system , but , unlike the National Security Adviser created under Kennedy , had no substantive role in the process . The NSC staff managed by the Special Assistant grew during the Eisenhower years , but again had no independent role in the policy process . President Eisenhower had great confidence in the efficacy of covert operations as a viable supplement or alternative to previous normal foreign policy initiatives . The seeming clear success of the operations to overthrow Iranian populist leader Mossadegeh in 1953 , and overthrow the democratically elected , left-leaning President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán in Guatemala in 1954 was not without their crisis moments in the White House . In 1954 NSC 5412 provided for the establishment of a panel of designated representatives of the President and the Secretaries of State and Defense to meet regularly to review and recommend covert operations . Gordon Gray assumed the chairmanship of the `` 5412 Committee '' as it was called , and all succeeding National Security Advisers have chaired similar successor committees , variously named `` 303 '' , `` 40 '' , `` Special Coordinating Committee , '' which , in later Presidential administrations , were charged with the review of CIA covert operations . President Eisenhower also created the position of staff secretary with the responsibility to screen all foreign policy and military documents coming to the President . While Colonel Andrew Goodpaster held this position , he tended to eclipse the Special Assistant for National Security . The strength of the NSC system under Eisenhower was that it provided for regular , fully staffed , interagency review of major foreign and national security issues , culminating in discussion and decision at the highest level of government . The resulting Presidentially approved NSC papers provided policy guidance at every level of implementation . Eisenhower felt that the regular policy discussions kept his principal advisers fully informed , in step with one another , and prepared to react knowledgeably in the event of crisis . His commitment to the system was such that he chaired every Council meeting he could attend ( 329 of a total of 366 ) . The NSC meetings , including prior briefings and subsequent review of NSC Actions , constituted the largest single item on his weekly agenda . Secretary of State John Foster Dulles , on the other hand , had reservations about the NSC system . He was the strongest personality in the Eisenhower Cabinet and jealously guarded his role as principal adviser to the President on foreign policy . He had constant , direct access to the President and did not feel that some of the most sensitive issues should be discussed in groups as large as were involved in most NSC meetings . He drew a sharp line between the NSC policy review process and the day-to-day operations of foreign policy , which he maintained were the province of the Department of State . Dulles and his deputies also were not comfortable with the scope the NSC review system gave to Secretary of the Treasury George Humphrey , another strong figure in the Cabinet , to intrude budgetary limitations into policy considerations . Dulles successfully resisted a proposal to substitute the Vice President for the Under Secretary of State as chairman of the OCB , arguing that such a change would impinge on his role as principal adviser to the President on foreign policy . Critics of the Eisenhower NSC system have argued that it was inflexible , overstaffed , unable to anticipate and react to immediate crises , and weighed down by committees reporting in great detail on long checklists of minor policy concerns . The most thorough critique of the system emerged from the hearings conducted in 1960 ( 1961 by the Senate Subcommittee on National Policy Machinery , known as the Jackson Subcommittee for its chairman , Senator Henry Jackson . Cutler and NSC Executive Secretary James Lay testified in support of the effectiveness of the system , but their testimony was offset by that of former Truman administration officials such as George Kennan , Paul Nitze , and Robert Lovett . They argued that foreign policy was being made by a passive President influenced by a National Security Council rendered virtually useless by ponderous , bureaucratic machinery . Basically , they argued , the NSC was a huge committee , and suffered from all the weaknesses of committees . Composed of representatives of many agencies , its members were not free to adopt the broad , statesmanlike attitude desired by the President , but , rather , were ambassadors of their own departments , clinging to departmental rather than national views . To make matters worse , critics added , the NSC system by its very nature was restricted to continuing and developing already established policies and was incapable of originating new ideas or major innovations . The critics suggested replacement of the formal , `` over-institutionalized '' NSC structure with a smaller , less formal NSC which would offer the President a clear choice of alternatives on a limited number of major problems . Eisenhower was certainly not a passive President , dominated by his Secretary of State on foreign policy and national security issues . In fact , Eisenhower was actively in command of his administration 's foreign policy , and the established NSC system met his instincts and requirements to the extent he used them . Although there is substance in the criticism that the Eisenhower NSC became to some extent the prisoner of a rigidly bureaucratic process , the criticism misses the point that Eisenhower and Dulles did not attempt to manage fast-breaking foreign policy crises or day-to-day operation through the NSC apparatus . An examination of several of the major foreign policy decisions that confronted the Eisenhower administration reveals that the NSC system was used to manage some , but was essentially bypassed in others . The established NSC process was used when the question involved a policy debate between departments with strongly held , contending positions , as it did in the case of the debate between the Departments of State and Defense in 1956/1957 over whether to introduce a more modern generation of weapons into Korea , where it focused debate and produced the necessary agreed-upon decision after discussion of three draft policy papers . In fast-breaking crisis situations however , including the concurrent Suez crisis and Hungarian Revolution of 1956 , the first and Second Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1955 and 1958 , and the 1958 Lebanon crisis , these were typically managed through small meetings with the President in the White House , normally involving Dulles and other concerned advisers , and through telephone conversations between Eisenhower , Dulles , and other principal advisers . Eisenhower sometimes used trusted NSC staffers to serve as an intermediary to gain information outside the chain of command as he did with Colonel Goodpaster during the straits crisis in 1955 . There was great similarity between this process of crisis management and that adopted by subsequent Presidents , such as Kennedy , Johnson , and Nixon , except for the fact that the ad hoc meetings in the Eisenhower White House did not involve a National Security Adviser as a substantive participant . And in the event that aspects of crisis management depended on contact with the critical man-on-the-spot , as it did in 1958 when Deputy Under Secretary of State Robert Murphy was dispatched to Lebanon to attempt to defuse the crisis , his instructions came from the Department of State and he reported to the Secretary of State rather than directly to the White House , as became the practice during the height of the Vietnam War . When Eisenhower briefed President-elect Kennedy on the NSC system , as when Gordon Gray briefed his successor McGeorge Bundy , they both emphasized the importance of the established NSC machinery in the management of foreign policy and national security affairs . They might have been more persuasive in maintaining the system had they pointed to the fact that the NSC apparatus was essentially limited to policy review , but was not used by them to manage foreign policy crises or day-to-day decisions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57861f5dc598b944f774c601e794e432", "text": "Transpartisan Transpartisanship represents an emerging school of political thought which accepts the validity of truths across a range of political perspectives and seeks to synthesize them into an inclusive , pragmatic container beyond typical political dualities . It is distinct from bipartisanship , which aims to negotiate between `` right '' and `` left , '' resulting in a dualistic perspective , and nonpartisanship , which tends to avoid political affiliation altogether . Transpartisanship is a movement to support and advance a common ground - or `` new center '' - that already exists in U.S. politics , emerging periodically into public view in the form of `` unusual coalitions '' of progressives and conservatives around issues ranging from war and the military budget to corporate power and the surveillance state . The movement builds on methods of facilitated dialogue , deliberation and conflict resolution . Current examples of transpartisan initiatives include Transpartisan Center , TheSolution.org , Reuniting America , Transpartisan Alliance , and Liberty Coalition . Transpartisanship is an emerging field that advocates pragmatic and effective solutions to social and political problems , transcending and including preexisting political ideologies . Transpartisanship encompasses the idea that all systems are inextricably interconnected , and that successful outcomes can best be reached through inclusive , genuine , and respectful cooperation . Transpartisan democracy , in part , seeks to reintegrate the public 's voice in identifying , debating , and shaping governmental policies , while continuing to protect the sovereignty of the individual . The term `` Transpartisanship '' has emerged to provide a meaningful alternative to `` Bipartisanship , '' and `` Nonpartisanship . '' Bipartisanship limits the dialogue process to two political viewpoints or entities , striving for compromise solutions . Nonpartisanship , on the other hand , tends to deny the existence of differing viewpoints in exchange for cooperation . Both the bipartisan and nonpartisan approaches can discount the multiplicity of viewpoints that exist , which often results in incomplete and therefore unsuccessful outcomes . In contrast to these , transpartisanship recognizes the existence and validity of many points of view , and advocates a constructive dialogue aimed at arriving at creative , integrated , and therefore , breakthrough solutions that meet the needs of all present . Transpartisan gatherings have resulted not only in surprisingly civil conversations noted by mainstream media but also in shifts from traditional ideological stances by some participants . A close relative of transpartisanship is Integral politics . A transpartisan approach to policy would necessarily include individual and collective , as well as subjective and objective , perspective . Furthermore , similar to Integral theory , transpartisanship places politics in a developmental context , viewing democracy and prosperity not as static attainments , but rather emergent properties along a continuum of developmental stages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b53333990f2a7778bd985ada5e10b30", "text": "United States presidential election, 2016 The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election , held on Tuesday , November 8 , 2016 . The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine . Trump took office as the 45th President , and Pence as the 48th Vice President , on January 20 , 2017 . Concurrent with the presidential election , Senate , House , and many gubernatorial and state and local elections were also held on November 8 . Voters selected members of the Electoral College in each state , in most cases by `` winner-takes-all '' plurality ; those state electors in turn voted for a new president and vice president on December 19 , 2016 . While Clinton received about million more votes nationwide , a margin of % , Trump won 30 states worth a total of 306 electors , or 57 % of the 538 available . He won the perennial swing states of Florida , North Carolina , Ohio , and Iowa , as well as Clinton 's `` blue wall '' states of Michigan , Pennsylvania and Wisconsin , which had been Democratic strongholds in presidential elections for decades . Leading up to the election , a Trump victory was considered unlikely by almost all media forecasts . In the Electoral College vote on December 19 , seven electors voted against their pledged candidates : two against Trump and five against Clinton . A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again . Ultimately , Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton garnered 227 , while Colin Powell won three , and John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one . Trump is the fifth person in U.S. history to become president while losing the nationwide popular vote . He is the first president without any prior experience in public service or the military , as well as the wealthiest and the oldest at inauguration , while Clinton was the first woman to be the presidential nominee of a major party and the first woman to win the popular vote . This was the first time since the 1984 re-election of Ronald Reagan that Wisconsin voted for a Republican , and the first time since 1988 that the Republican nominee won the states of Pennsylvania and Michigan , as well as Maine 's second congressional district . It was also the first time since the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson that an electoral vote split occurred in Maine . On January 6 , 2017 , the United States government 's intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 United States elections . A joint U.S. intelligence review stated with high confidence that `` Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election . Russia 's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process , denigrate Secretary Clinton , and harm her electability and potential presidency . '' Investigations about potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials were started by the FBI , the Senate Intelligence Committee and the House Intelligence Committee . Donald Trump has criticized these conclusions by citing a lack of evidence , calling it a `` hoax '' and `` fake news , '' stating in a tweet : `` The Russia-Trump collusion story is a total hoax , when will this taxpayer funded charade end ? ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b67978c54f4d6a26bfa7a553a5e897e3", "text": "Special Relationship The Special Relationship is the unofficial term for the exceptionally close political , diplomatic , cultural , economic , military and historical relations between the United Kingdom and the United States . It was used in a 1946 speech by Winston Churchill . Although both the United Kingdom and United States have close relationships with many other nations , the level of cooperation between them in economic activity , trade and commerce , military planning , execution of military operations , nuclear weapons technology , and intelligence sharing has been described as `` unparalleled '' among major powers . The United Kingdom and United States have been close allies in numerous military and political conflicts throughout the 20th and 21st centuries including World War I , World War II , the Korean War , the Cold War , the Gulf War , and the War on Terror .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6263f9cc0a57f59345bff8ab906a89c", "text": "11/22/63 11/22/63 is a novel by Stephen King about a time traveler who attempts to prevent the assassination of President John F. Kennedy , which occurred on November 22 , 1963 ( the novel 's titular date ) . The novel was announced on King 's official site on March 2 , 2011 . A short excerpt was released online on June 1 , 2011 , and another excerpt was published in the October 28 , 2011 , issue of Entertainment Weekly . The novel was published on November 8 , 2011 and quickly became a number-one bestseller . It stayed on The New York Times Best Seller list for 16 weeks . 11/22/63 won the 2011 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Best Mystery/Thriller and the 2012 International Thriller Writers Award for Best Novel , and was nominated for the 2012 British Fantasy Award for Best Novel and the 2012 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel . The novel required considerable research to accurately portray the late 1950s and early 1960s . King commented on the amount of research it required , saying `` I 've never tried to write anything like this before . It was really strange at first , like breaking in a new pair of shoes . '' The novel was adapted into a 2016 Hulu television series , 11.22.63 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c0432c1a093721a057a2051ff77b853", "text": "Presidency of John F. Kennedy The presidency of John F. Kennedy began on January 20 , 1961 , when he was inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States , and ended on November 22 , 1963 , upon his assassination and death , a span of days . A Democrat , he took office following the 1960 presidential election , in which he narrowly defeated Richard Nixon . He was succeeded by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson . Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president , and , at age 43 , the youngest person elected to the office . He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency . Kennedy played an important role in bringing American politics into the modern communications age , as his use of television provided a campaign model that spoke to voters directly , and his media presidency greatly weakened the power of political machines in party politics . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and especially with Cuba . In Cuba , a failed attempt was made in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro . Kennedy 's administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , it was discovered that Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of unease , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to nuclear war between nuclear-armed belligerents . To contain Communist expansion in Asia , Kennedy increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over his predecessor , Dwight D. Eisenhower ; a further escalation of the American role in the Vietnam War took place after Kennedy 's death . In domestic politics Kennedy made bold proposals in his New Frontier agenda , but few were passed by Congress . He did establish of the Peace Corps , and intensify the Space Race . Kennedy took steps to support the Civil Rights Movement , and after his death his proposed civil rights bill was passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d13b1b69182bcdd7dc71f2a28e221df", "text": "Figurehead In politics , a figurehead is a person who holds de jure ( in name or by law ) an important title or office ( often supremely powerful ) , yet de facto ( in reality ) executes little actual power . The metaphor derives from the carved figurehead at the prow of a sailing ship . Commonly cited figureheads include Queen Elizabeth II , who is Queen of sixteen Commonwealth realms and head of the Commonwealth , but has no power over the nations in which she is not head of state and does not exercise power in her own realms on her own initiative . Other figureheads are the Emperor of Japan , the King of Sweden , or presidents in majority of parliamentary republics , such as the President of India , President of Israel , President of Bangladesh , President of Greece , President of Germany , President of Pakistan , and President of China ( when not simultaneously holding the CPC General Secretary and Chairman of CMC posts ) . During the crisis of the March on Rome in 1922 , King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy , though a figurehead , played a key role in handing power to Benito Mussolini . More than 20 years later , the same King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy played a key role in the dismissal of Benito Mussolini in 1943 . Since the abolition of monarchy in Italy and the establishment of a republic in 1946 , the Italian President assumed most of the ceremonial functions of the previous kings ; however , the Italian President retains large powers in appointing a prime minister of his choice when in parliament there 's no clear majority government , creating a so-called `` president 's cabinet '' ( a technocratic cabinet ) . For example , the former Prime Minister of Italy , Sen Mario Monti , was appointed by the Italian President Giorgio Napolitano as a lifetime-senator and then as Prime Minister of the country , not after a new election . Italian President 's powers and influence are so much stronger is the weaker political parties ' leadership . This system is called `` accordion '' . Conversely , King Juan Carlos I of Spain , also largely considered a figurehead , had in 1981 a key role in defending the newborn Spanish democracy and foiling the attempted coup d'état , known as `` 23-F '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1be42205619903da3c01ebed1666d6f", "text": "Inauguration of Andrew Johnson The inauguration of Andrew Johnson as the 17th President of the United States was held on April 15 , 1865 at the Kirkwood House in Washington , D.C. , following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . The inauguration marked the commencement of Andrew Johnson 's only term ( a partial term of ) as President . Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the Oath of office . After the ceremony , President Johnson gave an impromptu inaugural address , which began with him begging the cabinet to remain with him and then attacking the Confederacy with such venom , that one witness remarked `` It would have been better had he been struck dumb . '' As President Lincoln lay dying , Vice President Johnson visited the room where he lay , and when Mrs. Lincoln saw him , it was reported , she screamed and demanded he be removed . So he went back to his room at the Kirkwood House . According to newspaper reports , the Vice President had gotten severely inebriated , and when aides to the now-dead president came to fetch the new President they were unable to wake him for several minutes . When he was finally awake , the accounts read , `` he had puffy eyes and his hair was caked with mud from the street , '' and that a barber and doctor were summoned to clean him up for the ten-o'clock ceremony , which most accounts agree went smoothly . However , there are other accounts , believed more reliable by some , which refute this claim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb3844d4b53ece3f3de825ef54feda88", "text": "Rumsfeld v. Padilla Rumsfeld v. Padilla , , was a United States Supreme Court case , in which José Padilla , an American citizen , sought habeas corpus relief against Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld , as a result of his detention by the military as an `` unlawful combatant . '' On May 8 , 2002 , Padilla , a U.S. citizen , flew from Pakistan to Chicago 's O'Hare International Airport . As he left the plane , Padilla was apprehended by federal agents executing a material witness warrant issued by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in connection with its grand jury investigation into the September 11th attacks by terrorists . Initially Padilla was considered a `` material witness , '' without charges filed , and given very limited access to legal counsel . He was later classified as an `` enemy combatant , '' which , the Bush administration claimed as justification to imprison him indefinitely , and without legal recourse or access , as with non-citizen suspects in the war on terror . Padilla 's attorney , Donna Newman , claiming to act as his next friend and on his behalf , filed a petition for habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York . On December 4 , 2002 , the court denied the petition and held that the President of the United States , as Commander-in-Chief had the authority to designate as an `` enemy combatant '' an American citizen captured on American soil , and , through the Secretary of Defense , to detain him for the duration of armed conflict with al-Qaida . The case was appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit , which held that the President lacked the authority to order the military detentions of American citizens captured on American soil . The case was petitioned to the United States Supreme Court . The principal issue before the Court was whether the Congressional Authorization for Use of Military Force post September 11 gave the president the powers to detain a United States citizen under military custody by classifying the detainee as an `` enemy combatant . '' Otherwise , the president would run afoul of the Non-Detention Act , which provides that `` No citizen shall be imprisoned or otherwise detained by the United States except pursuant to an Act of Congress . The Court did not decide this issue . Instead , the Court held that the habeas corpus petition had been improperly filed . It ruled that because Padilla was being held in a brig ( military prison ) in South Carolina , the petition should have been filed in the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina and should have named the commander of the brig and not the Secretary of Defense ( because the brig commander was Padilla 's `` immediate custodian '' ) . The Court reversed the decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and remanded the case for dismissal without prejudice - that is , it overruled the Court of Appeals decision and ordered the dismissal of the case , allowing Padilla to refile the petition . Thus the principal issue of the case had not been resolved . Paul Clement , Principal Deputy Solicitor General at the time , gave oral argument for the United States ( Rumsfeld ) ; Jennifer Martinez , a law professor and human rights lawyer , gave oral argument on behalf of Padilla and Newman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d457866472fcef6fbbb5e5a66da63cb", "text": "Country of Particular Concern Country of Particular Concern ( CPC ) is a designation by the United States Secretary of State ( under authority delegated by the President ) of a nation guilty of particularly severe violations of religious freedom under the International Religious Freedom Act ( IRFA ) of 1998 ( H.R. 2431 ) and its amendment of 1999 ( Public Law 106-55 ) . The term `` particularly severe violations of religious freedom '' means systematic , ongoing , egregious violations of religious freedom , including violations such as : a ) Torture or cruel , inhuman , or degrading treatment or punishment ; b ) Prolonged detention without charges ; c ) Causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction or clandestine detention of those persons ; or d ) Other flagrant denials of the right to life , liberty , or the security of persons . Nations so designated are subject to further actions , including economic sanctions , by the United States . Issuing recommendations as to countries it believes should be designated as countries of particular concern for their religious liberty violations is the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom , a separate agency created by IRFA ( along with the U.S. Department of State 's Office of International Religious Freedom ) to monitor the state of religious freedom around the world . Both entities provide policy recommendations to the president , the secretary of state and US Congress . Its recommendations are not always followed by the Secretary of State . The latest report from February 29 , 2016 , designated each of the following nations as a CPC : Each of these states was included on the previous year 's report except Tajikistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4943672a5e94f6cfdf2e9ad52285df19", "text": "Religious qualifications for public office in the United States Religious qualifications for public office in the United States have always been prohibited at the national level of the federal system of government under the Constitution . Article VI of the Constitution of the United States declares that `` no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States '' . The First Amendment of the Constitution also prevents the Congress of the United States from making any law `` respecting an establishment of religion '' ( the Establishment Clause ) . Neither the First Amendment nor Article VI , however , were originally applied to the individual states , and individual restrictions were utilized by individual states to prevent Jews , Catholics , and atheists from occupying public offices . State-level requirements for public office were not entirely abolished until 1961 , when the Supreme Court of the United States struck down religious qualifications for all public officeholders in its decision in Torcaso v. Watkins , a case concerning an atheist 's right to serve as a notary public under a Maryland law requiring public officials to declare they believed in God . However , eight states still have language in their constitutions that requires such qualifications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "573d9b24e8cb9d8347ef5de04bef6cac", "text": "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda , California . It was founded in the late 1980s by Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years . Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration , which is an entity of the federal government of the United States , in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities . The Nixon Foundation founded , controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library 's dedication on July 19 , 1990 until July 11 , 2007 , at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control . The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library , welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries . This move allowed President Nixon 's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda . The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors , led by former Nixon White House Director of Presidential Advance Ronald H. Walker . The board includes President Nixon 's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower , his brother Edward Nixon , former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson , and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez , Jr. . The Foundation 's President and CEO is William Baribault . The Foundation has hosted United States presidents , first ladies and several vice presidents . Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly , academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin , and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer . The library includes `` Meet the Presidents , '' in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Nixon Foundation brought 16 tons of warped steel from the World Trade Center and a damaged , first-responder FDNY firetruck to the Nixon Library for viewing . Before the National Archives took over its management , the Nixon Library had been accused by several media outlets of glossing over Nixon 's 1974 resignation with `` whitewashed '' exhibits . In 2007 , the National Archives removed the 17 year old Watergate exhibit and , after three years , the new exhibit was scheduled to open in July 2010 . The Nixon Foundation objected to the proposed exhibit , because the Nixon Foundation was not consulted in the way that other presidential foundations had been consulted with similar situations . The Foundation filed a 158 page memorandum to the Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries expressing their dissatisfaction and NARA stated a committee would review the objection but gave no timeline for when that process would be concluded . The exhibit opened on March 31 , 2011 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
28145d6c96bc07c62b6e02666c207085	Frank Sinatra acted in The Man with the Golden Arm.	[ { "docid": "f3522271c4170c2adfd043c2a91ff902", "text": "Frank Sinatra Francis Albert Sinatra ( -LSB- sᵻˈnɑːtrə -RSB- -LSB- siˈnaːtra -RSB- ; December 12 , 1915 -- May 14 , 1998 ) was an American singer , actor , and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century . He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time , having sold more than 150 million records worldwide . Born in Hoboken , New Jersey , to Italian immigrants , Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey . Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943 , becoming the idol of the `` bobby soxers '' . He released his debut album , The Voice of Frank Sinatra , in 1946 . Sinatra 's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s , and he turned to Las Vegas , where he became one of its best known performers as part of the Rat Pack . His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity , with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor . Sinatra released several critically lauded albums , including In the Wee Small Hours ( 1955 ) , Songs for Swingin ' Lovers ! ( 1956 ) , Come Fly with Me ( 1958 ) , Only the Lonely ( 1958 ) and Nice 'n' Easy ( 1960 ) . Sinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own record label , Reprise Records , and released a string of successful albums . In 1965 , he recorded the retrospective September of My Years , starred in the Emmy-winning television special Frank Sinatra : A Man and His Music , and released the tracks `` Strangers in the Night '' and `` My Way '' . After releasing Sinatra at the Sands , recorded at the Sands Hotel and Casino in Vegas with frequent collaborator Count Basie in early 1966 , the following year he recorded one of his most famous collaborations with Tom Jobim , the album Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim . It was followed by 1968 's collaboration with Duke Ellington . Sinatra retired for the first time in 1971 , but came out of retirement two years later and recorded several albums and resumed performing at Caesars Palace , and reached success in 1980 with `` New York , New York '' . Using his Las Vegas shows as a home base , he toured both within the United States and internationally until a short time before his death in 1998 . Sinatra forged a highly successful career as a film actor . After winning an Academy Award for From Here to Eternity , he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm ( 1955 ) , and received critical acclaim for his performance in The Manchurian Candidate ( 1962 ) . He appeared in various musicals such as On the Town ( 1949 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , High Society ( 1956 ) , and Pal Joey ( 1957 ) , winning another Golden Globe for the latter . Toward the end of his career , he became associated with playing detectives , including the title character in Tony Rome ( 1967 ) . Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1971 . On television , The Frank Sinatra Show began on ABC in 1950 , and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s . Sinatra was also heavily involved with politics from the mid-1940s , and actively campaigned for presidents such as Harry S. Truman , John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan , though before Kennedy 's death Sinatra 's alleged Mafia connections led to his being snubbed . While Sinatra never formally learned how to read music , he had an impressive understanding of it , and he worked very hard from a young age to improve his abilities in all aspects of music . A perfectionist , renowned for his dress sense and performing presence , he always insisted on recording live with his band . His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname `` Ol' Blue Eyes '' . Sinatra led a colorful personal life , and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women , such as with his second wife Ava Gardner . He went on to marry Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976 . Sinatra had several violent confrontations , usually with journalists he felt had crossed him , or work bosses with whom he had disagreements . He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983 , was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985 , and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997 . Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards , including the Grammy Trustees Award , Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . After his death , American music critic Robert Christgau called him `` the greatest singer of the 20th century '' , and he continues to be seen as an iconic figure .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "620b53f2210f85136094f551baa45a49", "text": "Frank Sinatra Jr. Francis Wayne `` Frank '' Sinatra ( January 10 , 1944 -- March 16 , 2016 ) , professionally known as Frank Sinatra Jr. , was an American singer , songwriter , and conductor . He was the son of singer and actor Frank Sinatra and his first wife , Nancy Barbato Sinatra ; the younger brother of singer and actress Nancy Sinatra ; and older brother of television producer Tina Sinatra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550c68a373af0337f9959415d4ece73e", "text": "Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg , starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance . Newman stars in the title role as Luke , a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system . The film , set in the early 1950s , is based on Donn Pearce 's 1965 novel of the same name . Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros. , who then hired him to write the script . Due to Pearce 's lack of film experience , the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay . Newman 's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the `` tough , honest '' script drew together threads from earlier movies , especially Hombre , Newman 's earlier film of 1967 . The film has been cited by Roger Ebert as an anti-establishment film which was shot during the time of the Vietnam War , in which Newman 's character endures `` physical punishment , psychological cruelty , hopelessness and equal parts of sadism and masochism . '' His influence on his prison mates and the torture that he endures is compared to that of Jesus , and Christian symbolism is used throughout the film , culminating in a photograph superimposed over crossroads at the end of the film in comparison to the crucifixion . Filming took place on the San Joaquin River Delta , and the set , imitating a southern prison farm , was built in Stockton , California . The filmmakers sent a crew to Tavares Road Prison in Tavares , Florida , to take photographs and measurements . Upon its release , Cool Hand Luke received favorable reviews and became a box-office success . The film cemented Newman 's status as one of the era 's top box-office actors , while the film was described as the `` touchstone of an era . '' Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score . In 2005 , the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry , considering it to be `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' It has a 100 % rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes . The quotation used by the prison warden ( Strother Martin ) in the film , which begins with `` What we 've got here is failure to communicate , '' was listed at No. 11 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "beb024b0661347a69c11677859d286d1", "text": "The Golden Coach The Golden Coach ( Le Carrosse d'or La carrozza d'oro ) is a 1952 film directed by Jean Renoir that tells the story of a commedia dell ` arte troupe in 18th century Peru . The screenplay was written by Renoir , Jack Kirkland , Renzo Avanzo and Giulio Macchi and is based on the play Le Carrosse du Saint-Sacrement by Prosper Mérimée . It stars Anna Magnani , Odoardo Spadaro and Duncan Lamont .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c8218ed585b459a5d0d5b27c5d5189f", "text": "The Frank Sinatra Show (1957 TV series) The Frank Sinatra Show is an ABC variety and drama series , starring Frank Sinatra , premiering on October 18 , 1957 , and last airing on June 27 , 1958 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f72c676c359b4c4b26f4d633de297d46", "text": "Frank Gillmore Frank Parker Gillmore ( May 14 , 1867 , New York City , New York -- March 29 , 1943 , New York City , New York ) was an American playwright and a stage and early film actor . He was a founder and former President of Actor 's Equity . He was born to John Parker Gillmore and his actress wife , Emily ( née Thorne : died March 5 , 1907 ) , sister of the actress Sarah Thorne and actors Thomas and George Thorne . At the time of his birth his parents were touring the United States , returning to Great Britain three weeks after their son 's birth . Frank Gillmore was educated at the Chiswick Collegiate School in London and made his stage debut in London in 1879 , then toured the British provinces for three years before returning to the London stage where he remained for a further five years . During this period he shared lodgings with George Arliss . Gillmore then alternated between appearances in Britain and America for a further five years . Aged 17 he appeared with Lillie Langtry . He married the American actress Laura Margaret MacGillivray whom he met when they both appeared in an American tour of Lady Windermere 's Fan . With her he had two daughters , the actors Ruth Gillmore and Margalo Gillmore . Frank Gillmore appeared as a leading man with the companies of Minnie Fiske , Henrietta Crosman , Mary Mannering , Bertha Kalich and George Fawcett , among others . Gillmore 's stage appearances included a single matinee performance of The Merchant of Venice on October 17 , 1895 at the Gaiety Theatre in London , when he played Bassanio , The Ghost of Jerry Bundler at the Haymarket Theatre in London in September 1902 , and A Japanese Nightingale which opened at Daly 's Theater in New York in November 1903 . Gillmore returned to America semi-permanently sometime in the late 1890s , and took his family with him . He and his family were long time summer residents of the Actor 's Colony at Siasconset , and he was a former president of the Siasconset Casino . Gillmore became a founder of the Actors ' Equity Association in 1913 after the Actors Society of America disbanded in 1912 . He made two silent films , The Fairy and the Waif ( 1915 ) and The Lifted Veil ( 1917 ) . From 1918 to 1929 he was the union 's Executive Secretary and eventual President , a position he held from 1929 to 1937 . He was also the international President of the Associated Actors and Artistes of America from 1938 to 1943 and a Freemason . As President of Actor 's Equity Gillmore received The American Arbitration Association 's annual gold Commercial Peace Medal in May 1931 `` for distinguished service in the establishment of commercial peace through arbitration '' Frank Gillmore died of cancer in New York City on March 29 , 1943 , aged 75 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33e154c16432f5ad7e16a3ec71ba9dc3", "text": "Christian Roberts (actor) Christian Roberts ( born 17 March 1944 in Southmoor , Berkshire , England ) is an English actor , best remembered for his role as the rebellious Denham in the 1967 film To Sir , with Love starring Sidney Poitier and Judy Geeson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecb464d56c98565df910289306b9d9ed", "text": "Von Ryan's Express Von Ryan 's Express is a World War II adventure film , released in 1965 , about a group of Allied prisoners of war who conduct a daring escape by hijacking a freight train and fleeing through German-occupied Italy to Switzerland . It stars Frank Sinatra and Trevor Howard , and is based on the novel by David Westheimer . It was directed by Mark Robson . The film changes several aspects of the novel , most notably the ending , which is considerably more upbeat in the book . It became one of Frank Sinatra 's most successful films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c6fc0dc80538dc25283f1209dece12a", "text": "Frank Sinatra with the Red Norvo Quintet: Live in Australia, 1959 With the Red Norvo Quintet : Live in Australia , 1959 is a live album by American singer Frank Sinatra , recorded in 1959 but released in 1997 . These tapes were recorded during two stops on Sinatra 's brief Australian tour of 1959 , during which he was backed by the quintet of jazz vibraphonist Red Norvo . It is considered one of the wildest performances he has ever recorded , as he exhibits great freedom in his lyric choice , often switching and twisting entire phrases . For example , just as Sinatra begins `` I 've Got You Under My Skin '' , a woman in the audience screams . He responds between lyrics with `` Get your hand off that broad ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37fc246ad14b06cfe5ceb0620a118c1c", "text": "Howard Freeman Howard Freeman ( December 9 , 1899 -- December 11 , 1967 ) was an American stage actor of the early 20th century , and film and television actor of the 1940s through the 1960s . Freeman was born in Helena , Montana , and began working as a stage actor in his 20s . He did not enter the film industry until he was over 40 , in 1942 , when he played a small uncredited role in Inflation . Despite his late start in film acting , Freeman would build himself a fairly substantial career in that field that would last over twenty three years . From 1943 onward he worked on a regular basis , sometimes in uncredited roles , but more often than not in small but credited bit or supporting parts . He appeared in ten films in 1943 , and another eighteen from 1944 through 1945 . In 1946 Freeman would appear in twelve films , the most notable of which was his first film of that year , Abilene Town , starring Randolph Scott and Lloyd Bridges , and California , starring Barbara Stanwyck and Ray Milland . From 1947 through 1950 Freeman appeared in twenty films , and in 1951 he began appearing on numerous television series , which would be his main acting roles for the remainder of his career , lasting into 1965 . He appeared in three episodes of Studio One , along with many other TV series , including Car 54 , Where Are You ? and Route 66 . He retired from film and television acting in 1965 , and settled into retirement in New York City , where he was living at the time of his death on December 11 , 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5169982765223819939cffd83a50387e", "text": "Annapolis Farewell Annapolis Farewell is a 1939 American drama film directed by Alexander Hall and written by Frank Craven and Jack Wagner . The film stars Guy Standing , Rosalind Keith , Tom Brown , Richard Cromwell , John Howard and Benny Baker . The film was released on August 23 , 1935 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53aa532839a21b6b3ad7ea06f03dd326", "text": "Sinatra: New York Sinatra : New York is a 2009 box set album of live performances by the American singer Frank Sinatra , recorded in New York City . New York , both at the Carnegie Hall , and at Madison Square Garden . The first disc captures two live performances from 1955 and 1963 , disc two and three are from the Carnegie Hall and from Madison Square Garden in 1974 . The final two discs are from the 1980s , with disc five a previously unreleased DVD of a June 25 , 1980 performance at the Carnegie Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac251df10927ba3566175190ca113b2e", "text": "The Capitol Years (1990 Frank Sinatra album) The Capitol Years is a 1990 compilation album of the U.S. singer Frank Sinatra . Released to coincide with Sinatra 's 75th birthday , this three-disc set has an abundance of classic Sinatra performances from his career with Capitol Records , which spanned the years 1953 to 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f20e954279dd8c499810226af85995bf", "text": "Frank Keenan Frank Keenan ( April 8 , 1858 -- February 24 , 1929 ) was an American stage and film actor and stage director and manager during the silent film era . He was among the first stage actors to star in Hollywood , and he pursued work in film features for a number of years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "988cfc0770d4791b0d1b005ca675c371", "text": "Louis Elliman Louis Elliman ( 1906 -- 1965 ) , was an Irish impresario and theatre manager . Elliman was born in Dublin , a son of Maurice Elliman , who had fled from Tsarist persecution in Russia . He was educated at Synge Street CBS . His father became involved in cinema by establishing the Theatre De Luxe in Camden St. in 1912 . After university Louis started work at a pharmacy but after a few years gave that up to become a film agent in London . In the meantime Maurice acquired Dublin 's Gaiety Theatre , which was passed on to Louis . In the early 1930s , Louis Elliman sold a 50 % share in the Gaiety to entrepreneur Patrick Wall , a Clare man . The pair also owned the Metropole and the Savoy cinemas . Along with Patrick Wall , Elliman acquired the Theatre Royal , Dublin in 1936 . With the outbreak of the Second World War , Wall and Elliman were forced to keep the two theatres going with native talent only . This led to the emergence of a raft of Irish acts who were to provide the mainstay of the Royal 's output for the remainder of its existence . These included such Irish household names as Jimmy O'Dea , Harry O'Donovan , Maureen Potter , Danny Cummins , Mike Nolan , Alice Dalgarno , Noel Purcell , Micheál MacLiammoir , Cecil Sheridan , Jack Cruise , Paddy Crosbie and Patricia Cahill . In July 1951 Judy Garland appeared for a series of sold out performances at the Royal and was received with tremendous ovations . The legendary singer sang from her dressing room window to hundreds of people who were unable to get tickets and critics dubbed her `` America 's Colleen '' Popular Irish American entertainer Carmel Quinn also made her singing debut in the Theatre Royal during the early 1950s . After a spell acquiring cinemas around the country , which were taken over by the Rank Organization , Louis went into film production . In 1957 he opened Ardmore Studios . With managing director Emmet Dalton he travelled to the US to promote the studios and to acquire foreign investment . The studios accordingly landed its first major foreign booking with 1959 's Shake Hands with the Devil , starring Oscar winner James Cagney and Dana Wynter . A year later progress was consolidated when Robert Mitchum appeared in Tay Garnett 's `` A Terrible Beauty '' . In 1961 , Ardmore Studios hosted the controversial `` The Mark '' , directed by Guy Green , which was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and earned its star , Stuart Whitman , an Oscar nomination . Other films produced at this time include Don Chaffey 's The Webster Boys and `` Johnny Nobody '' with Cyril Cusack . Hammer Films also utilised the studios as a base for their production , The Viking Queen . The studios went into receivership in 1963 but re-opened later . Under pressure from rising overheads and the increasing popularity of the cinema and the introduction of television , the Theatre Royal closed its doors on 30 June 1962 . By this time Louis was dogged by bad health and died in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3980241649143e514790d259b298765", "text": "Fred Aldrich Fred Aldrich ( December 23 , 1904 - January 25 , 1979 ) was an American character actor of both film and television . He would break into the film industry in 1939 , appearing in two films that year in small roles : My Son Is Guilty , and the notable , Confessions of a Nazi Spy , which starred Edward G. Robinson and George Sanders . In the course of his thirty-year career he would appear in over 170 films , in small and bit roles . With the advent of television , Aldrich would work in that medium as well , making his first small screen appearance on I Love Lucy , on which he would appear multiple times over the life of the series . Over the course of his film career he would appear in such notable films as : Kitty Foyle ( 1940 ) , starring Ginger Rogers and Dennis Morgan ; 1945 's The Picture of Dorian Gray , starring George Sanders ; Tycoon ( 1947 ) , starring John Wayne and Laraine Day ; A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court , with Bing Crosby and Rhonda Fleming ; Young Man with a Horn , starring Kirk Douglas , Lauren Bacall , and Doris Day ; the Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn vehicle , Pat and Mike ( 1952 ) ; again with Paul Newman in 1956 's Somebody Up There Likes Me ; The Last Angry Man , starring Paul Muni ; with Rock Hudson and Doris Day in Lover Come Back ( 1961 ) ; the spy spoof , Our Man Flint ( 1966 ) , starring James Coburn ; and 1967 's A Big Hand for the Little Lady , starring Henry Fonda , Joanne Woodward , and Jason Robards . His television credits include appearances on such shows as The Rifleman , Have Gun - Will Travel , Bat Masterson , The Untouchables , Gunsmoke , Rawhide , and Perry Mason . Aldrich died on January 25 , 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f93cc712f3136cf0d01990e77446611b", "text": "Golden Throats Golden Throats is Rhino Records ' series of humorous compilations of critically lambasted cover versions of songs , performed mostly either by celebrities known for something other than musical talent or musicians not known for the genre from which the song they are covering comes . For example , William Shatner sings ( or , more precisely , does a dramatic reading of the lyrics to ) `` Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds , '' Leonard Nimoy sings `` If I Had a Hammer , '' and Muhammad Ali sings `` Stand by Me . '' Other examples include the Bing Crosby cover of the Beatles ' `` Hey Jude '' and the Mel Tormé cover of Donovan 's `` Sunshine Superman , '' as both were rock songs being covered by musicians of an older generation . In most cases , the songs appear to be performed sincerely , rather than in a spirit of irony or intentional goofiness . In many respects , these albums were among the first to anthologize lounge music , with their focus on `` light '' versions of contemporary hits . The series ( of four albums ) was created and produced by long-time Rhino staffer Gary Peterson and pop culture historian Pat Sierchio . Each release contained liner notes penned by acclaimed music historian Irwin Chusid , and most featured original art by Drew Friedman . The cover art parodied well-known albums ( Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , Their Satanic Majesties Request , Sweetheart Of The Rodeo , and the Beatles ' infamous `` butcher '' cover for Yesterday And Today ) . The notoriety of the series no doubt contributed to William Shatner 's decision to relaunch his musical career . There were a total of four albums in the series : They are : Golden Throats : The Great Celebrity Sing Off ( LP : 1988 ; CD : 1992 ) Golden Throats 2 : More Celebrity Rock Oddities ! ( 1991 ) Golden Throats 3 : Sweethearts of Rodeo Drive ( 1995 ) Golden Throats 4 : Celebrities Butcher the Beatles ( 1997 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79af2bf71492f7bc11a1de9e402b3a24", "text": "All My Tomorrows (song) `` All My Tomorrows '' is a 1959 ballad with lyrics by Sammy Cahn and music by Jimmy van Heusen . The song was expressly written as a Frank Sinatra vehicle . It was introduced in the film A Hole in the Head where Sinatra sings it in the opening credits . Sinatra later featured `` All My Tomorrows '' on his 1961 album All the Way . Sinatra re-recorded it for his 1969 album My Way , in a new arrangement which Charles L. Granata considers to be superior to the original , and which AllMusic calls `` lush and aching '' . Rolling Stone describes the song as `` the poignant monologue of a man determined to turn his life around '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f290f6e24c889a42f10cc7722f5fa0f0", "text": "Paradise in Harlem Paradise in Harlem is a 1939 American musical comedy-drama film written by Frank L Wilson and directed by Joseph Seiden . It was first shown in 1939 starring Frank H Wilson . It was released by Jubilee Production Co. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753a0002282a8dc95c27e76e5e11b2a8", "text": "Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre is a series of four 12 '' long playing vinyl albums recorded in Los Angeles in 1963 . The four albums were sold through mail order as a box set in 1963 , then released separately to retail in 1964 . They were conceived and produced by Frank Sinatra . Morris Stoloff was the musical director and the A&R Director was Sonny Burke . The four discs feature the scores of four popular Broadway musicals of the time , namely Finian 's Rainbow ( 1947 ) , Kiss Me , Kate ( 1948 ) , South Pacific ( 1949 ) and Guys and Dolls ( 1950 ) . The `` Guys and Dolls '' album was issued on CD in 1992 when the musical itself was enjoying a revival . All the albums were re-released in a box set on September 26 , 2000 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0e50db458b366e61be083bf22dc97090	Lana Del Rey released a short film Tropico.	[ { "docid": "8fbb74cda1e7d3405a742d8e2de9918e", "text": "Lana Del Rey Elizabeth Woolridge Grant ( born June 21 , 1985 ) , better known by her stage name Lana Del Rey , is an American singer , songwriter , and model . Her music has been noted for its cinematic style , its preoccupation with themes of tragic romance and melancholia , and its references to pop culture , particularly 1950s and 1960s Americana . Born and raised in New York , Del Rey embarked on a music career in 2005 and first received widespread attention in 2011 , when the music video for her single `` Video Games '' became a viral internet sensation . Del Rey received further recognition after her major-label debut Born to Die peaked at number two on the United States charts and was the fifth best-selling album of 2012 . A remix of its single `` Summertime Sadness '' , produced by Cedric Gervais , peaked at number six in the United States , and the Paradise EP followed that November , garnering Del Rey her first Grammy nomination for Best Pop Vocal Album . Three of the EP 's tracks were featured in her short film Tropico , which premiered in December 2013 . In 2014 , Del Rey released her third studio album , Ultraviolence ; it became her first number-one album in the United States . In 2015 , following a North American tour with Courtney Love and Grimes , Del Rey released her fourth studio album , Honeymoon . Both albums received positive critical response . Del Rey is set to release her fifth studio album , titled Lust for Life , on July 21 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "35b196ed46b2d16b5c11f9ff934c9fb2", "text": "Box 25 Box 25 ( Caja 25 ) is a 2015 Panamanian documentary film directed by Mercedes Arias and Delfina Vidal . The film is about letters that were written by the men who built the Panama Canal . It was originally reported to be the Panamanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards . However , when the final list was announced by the Academy , the film was not included .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc60a3b9d9ef8677d7e5355728835bb9", "text": "Kat DeLuna discography This is the discography of pop/R & B musician Kat DeLuna . DeLuna first rose to fame in 2007 , when she released her debut single `` Whine Up '' . The single became one of the most played songs on pop radio that summer , and achieved major success worldwide , reaching the top ten in countries such as Belgium and France . The single also became a smash hit in the US , peaking inside the top forty of the Hot 100 single chart , as well as topped the Hot Dance Club Play chart . The single led to the release of DeLuna 's debut album , 9 Lives in the Fall of 2007 . The album was met to generally positive critical reception , as well as commercial . The album debuted at number 58 in the US , and charted within the top twenty of countries such as Belgium and Poland . The album 's success led to a re-release the following year . In 2008 , DeLuna began work on her second studio album . The album spawned several official and promotional singles . The first of these was `` Unstoppable '' , which became a minor hit in Canada . The song was featured in the film Confessions of a Shopaholic , as well as its accompanying soundtrack . It was followed by the second promotional single `` Dance Bailalo '' , which became a major hit on the US Hot Dance Club Play chart . DeLuna 's second album , titled Inside Out later spawned the official singles `` Push Push '' , `` Party O'Clock '' and `` Dancing Tonight '' . After much delay , Inside Out was released in Belgium on November 5 , 2010 . It received commercial success , reaching the top twenty of the Belgium album chart . The album is currently released only in some European markets ( Belgium , France , Poland ) . Inside Out was also released in Japan on July 13 , 2011 . A compilation album , Loading appeared in 2016 . Since 2012 , DeLuna has been reportedly working on her third album under the title ViVa Out Loud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b661d3ffec080b55647816d801f4c03", "text": "Magnolia Shorty Renetta Yemika Lowe-Bridgewater ( September 30 , 1982 -- December 20 , 2010 ) , known by the stage name Magnolia Shorty , was an American rapper in the New Orleans-based bounce music scene . She and Ms. Tee ( Trishell Williams ) were the first women signed to Cash Money Records . Her 1997 debut album Monkey on the Dick ( often stylized Monkey On Tha D$ ck ) is considered a bounce classic , and she `` was already considered a legend of bounce music '' at the time of her death . Offbeat said the album exemplifies `` the eccentric New Orleans elements of sexuality , comedy and hard edged dance rhythms . '' In his 2007 book Triksta , Nik Cohn credits Magnolia Shorty with his own discovery of bounce , and the third chapter of that book is named after her debut album . Magnolia Shorty was discovered by Birdman . She received her nickname from Soulja Slim , also known as Magnolia Slim , because both had grown up in New Orleans ' dangerous Magnolia Projects . Nicknamed `` Queen of Bounce , '' she collaborated with many Cash Money artists beginning in the 1990s , including Juvenile and Hot Boys . She was first featured on Juvenile 's 1997 song `` 3rd Ward Solja . '' In 2009 she appeared at the SXSW music festival and won Best Bounce Song at the Underground Hip-Hop Awards in New Orleans . She was a member of Lil Wayne 's Cash Money crew in the early 1990s , and she was collaborating as well as working on her second album on the Cash Money/Young Money label in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f873530b151ae4e9b02c12892f290df2", "text": "The Connection (DeLon album) `` The Connection '' is the Debut Album by American Rapper DeLon . It was officially released on September 27 , 2005 . The first single from ` The Connection ' was ` Calor De La Salsa ' . `` Calor De La Salsa '' peaked on the Billboard charts at No. 15 -LSB- < - Calor De La Salsa on Billboard -RSB- and established DeLon as the First Sri Lankan to ever chart on the US Billboard Charts . The Connection united Hip Hop listeners of all cultures as it features eclectic beats of different styles of cultural music mixed with American Hip Hop . With roots in Salsa , Samba , Reggae , Soca , Sri Lankan , Indian and Middle Eastern music , The Connection is an album that unites all cultures through international Hip Hop . As reviewed by YRB Magazine , `` Hitting the rap game from all sides , -LSB- DeLon -RSB- manages to be ` conscious ' and ` street ' on the same album ... a seamless merger of hot production , a catchy hook and the lyrical precision of a young Talib Kweli . '' - Yellow Rat Bastard ( YRB ) Magazine , Issue . .61 `` The Connection '' Review . DeLon has won international praise for this album and is recognized as the first attempt by an American rap artist to unite international Hip Hop . Not only did DeLon write all lyrics and rap on the album , he is also responsible for producing 70 % of the album 's beats . The Connection was released through DeLon 's Record Label , Ceylon Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5d98c9d00b839389cef5a9d7f4280a7", "text": "Julie Delpy Julie Delpy ( -LSB- ʒyli dɛlpi -RSB- ; born 21 December 1969 ) is a French-American actress , film director , screenwriter , and singer-songwriter . She studied filmmaking at New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts and has directed , written , or acted in more than 30 films , including Europa Europa ( 1990 ) , Voyager ( 1991 ) , Three Colors : White ( 1993 ) , Before Sunrise ( 1995 ) , An American Werewolf in Paris ( 1997 ) , Before Sunset ( 2004 ) , 2 Days in Paris ( 2007 ) , and Before Midnight ( 2013 ) . She has been nominated for three César Awards , two Online Film Critics Society Awards , and two Academy Awards . After moving to the United States in 1990 , she became an American citizen in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41f84b51dd5781d6b11047cec25641c4", "text": "The Animatrix is a 2003 American-Japanese anthology anime film based on The Matrix trilogy produced by The Wachowskis , who wrote and directed the trilogy . The film is a compilation of nine animated short films , including four written by the Wachowskis . It details the backstory of the Matrix universe , including the original war between man and machines which led to the creation of the Matrix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "159d9876ba5c20b73ae80c39f63b4375", "text": "Los Cazadores: Primera Busqueda Los Cazadores : Primera Busqueda is a compilation album released by Sony BMG on February 22 , 2005 . The album features several artists from the reggaetón genre , such as Tito `` El Bambino '' , Tego Calderón , Yaga & Mackie , Zion & Lennox , Nicky Jam , Ivy Queen , Notch , La Jomar , Pedro Prez , Gammy , Rey Pirin , Guanabanas , Andy Boy , Maicol & Manuel and Dominic . Production of the album was handled by DJ Adam , DJ Blass , DJ Jan , Maestro , DJ Majestic , Rafi Mercenario , Monserrate , Mr. G , DJ Sonic and Sosa . Upon release , the album peaked at number eight on the Billboard Latin Albums chart , number three on the Billboard Tropical Albums chart , and number two on the Billboard Reggae Albums chart . Los Cazadores : Primera Busqueda spawned one single , `` La Cazadora '' performed by Tito `` El Bambino '' . It reached number thirty-eight on the Billboard Latin Songs chart and number eight on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart . Due to the album 's commercial success , a sequel was issued in 2006 entitled Los Cazadores 2 : Segunda Busqueda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93d31b0f44b1d1ff6e4c4ba513114839", "text": "The Endless Summer Tour The Endless Summer Tour was the third headlining concert tour by American recording artist Lana Del Rey in support of her third studio album , Ultraviolence ( 2014 ) . The tour began on May 7 , 2015 in The Woodlands , Texas and concluded on June 16 , 2015 in West Palm Beach , Florida finishing with a total of twenty shows over the span of two months . The first seven shows of the tour were supported by fellow alternative rock singer Courtney Love , while the majority of the remaining tour dates were supported by synthpop singer and producer , Grimes . Most of the tour dates were sold out instantly . Lana Del Rey performed songs from Born to Die , Paradise , and Ultraviolence , in addition to some previously unreleased songs , and covers . At the end of 2015 , the tour placed at number 156 on Pollstar 's `` 2015 Year-End Top 200 North American Tours '' list , grossing $ 6 million from 16 shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f44adfdf5faf5cc96a2b92570b2ac889", "text": "Reyli Reyli Barba ( born April 12 , 1972 in Juárez , Chiapas ) , most commonly known as Reyli , is a Mexican singer-songwriter . He is also a composer and has written songs for artists such as Alejandro Fernández and Beyoncé Knowles . Reyli is a former member of Elefante , a band which he led until 2003 , when he set out to release his debut solo album . This album , titled En la Luna ( On the Moon ) , sold well , and `` Amor Del Bueno '' reached the top of the Mexican charts , charted in the U.S. Hot Latin Tracks and became a global Latin hit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f71ac9baaa1fe59803f99ad83ee8a325", "text": "Tropic Electric Tropic Electric is the second studio album by the Canadian/Jamaican singer Kreesha Turner . It was released on November 15 , 2011 , digitally and physically . Kreesha decided to release it as a double disc , one side Tropic , and the other ` Electric ' . The ` Tropic ' side was recorded in Jamaica , to capture a new type of genre , a mix of reggae and pop music . The ` Electric ' side of the album is dedicated to fans who enjoyed the vibe on her previous album , Passion . The album received mostly positive reviews , praising its Jamaican sound , but criticizing tracks ' I Feel My Darling ' , and ` Come My Way ' . The iTunes track listing was mislabeled , the track reading ` Killer In The Club ' is actually ' 8 A.M. ' , and vice versa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6732121d3505c06ffabbb3d1f3bba697", "text": "Tiger Orange Tiger Orange is an American drama film , released in 2014 . Directed by Wade Gasque and written by Mark Strano , the film stars Strano and Frankie Valenti as Chet and Todd , two gay brothers struggling to reconnect after their father 's death . Chet , shy and reserved , has been living relatively closeted in the small town where the brothers grew up , running their father 's hardware store and taking great care not to be too open about his sexuality in the town 's relatively conservative social order , while Todd , more upfront about his sexuality , left home at 18 to move to Los Angeles , where he has been struggling to build a career as an actor . Despite the clash of personalities , however , each also envies some aspects of the other 's life ; Chet envies Todd 's freedom to live his life openly , while Todd regrets not having experienced Chet 's sense of belonging to a close-knit community and the opportunity he had to remain in close contact with their father . The tensions between them reach their peak when Brandon ( Gregory Marcel ) , Chet 's high school crush , also returns home to take care of his ailing mother ; Chet continues to struggle with his feelings for Brandon , while Todd actively pursues him . The film premiered on July 18 , 2014 at Outfest . Strano won the festival 's award for Best Actor in a Feature Film . Valenti 's performance also drew praise from critics , with many calling attention to how unexpectedly strong it was for an actor previously known primarily for porn . In a 2015 post for Indiewire 's / Bent blog on LGBT film , Gasque described the film as having been inspired by the LGBT community 's `` subtle tug-of-war between our desire to stand out and our need to fit in . '' The film was picked up by Wolfe Video for distribution on DVD , video on demand and digital media platforms in January 2015 . It was released to those platforms in July 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2032698dd7e76243b3f45cbb7154335", "text": "Trafic (2004 film) Trafic is a 2004 Romanian short film directed by Cătălin Mitulescu . It depicts a brief moment in the mundanities of urban life and family life , and a man 's quick decision to escape them , if only just for a moment . It won the Short Film Palme d'Or at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival . It is said to have been the `` instigating '' film of the Romanian New Wave .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f09fe77eb27d306611331d45fdcb4bc5", "text": "Cálico Electrónico Cálico Electrónico : La Serie Flash was a series of Flash animations created by Nikodemo Animation in 2004 . Set in ` Electronic City ' , its protagonist is a superhero far from the ` classic ' hero profile : a short , chubby and not-powered Spanish man ( ` aspañol ' as is called in the series ) . He risks his life time and again to save the city , using gadgets picked up at the Electronicaweb store . A chapter usually develops this way : a monster or a criminal attacks the city , Cálico tries to stop it ( always unsuccessfully ) , goes to Electronicaweb , gets a new gadget and saves the day . Some `` bloopers '' are displayed during the credits , at the end of the episode . Although the series displays many humorous events , the episodes include much Spanish foul language , so viewer discretion is advised . Even though Cálico is the main character , many side series have run with it , featuring many characters from the original series . On June 4 , 2009 Nikodemo Animation was shut down completely by its owners due to bankruptcy , which meant the cancellation of all in-progress Cálico Electrónico series ' related content , including , but not limited to Rumbarola and animation series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3a7ba6858ee603fa3285a48e085c34e", "text": "Early Abstractions Early Abstractions is a collection of seven short animated films created by Harry Everett Smith between 1939 and 1956 . Each film is between two and six minutes long , and is named according to the chronological order in which it was made . The collection includes Numbers 1 -- 5 , 7 , and 10 , while the missing Numbers 8 and 9 are presumed to have been lost . The idea of the numbering was to suggest a coherent link between each individual film , and that they were to be treated not just on their own but as part of a larger body of work . Of the missing chapters , Number 6 was made up of three-dimensional optically printed abstractions ; Number 8 was a black and white collage of clippings taken from nineteenth century ladies wear catalogues and elocution books , and Number 9 was a color collage of biology books and nineteenth century temperance movement \| posters . The remaining films show a gradual evolution in Smith 's technical complexity , with blunt abstraction rudimentary motion more prominent in the early shorts , in contrast to an allegoric dance of Tarot cards , and Buddhist and Cabalistic symbols . Initially recorded with no sound , a medley of music by The Beatles was added retrospectively . Because the songs do not exactly sync up with each individual film , some critics have opined that this does not enhance the film , and recommend watching it in silence . In 2006 , Early Abstractions was selected to the National Film Registry by the Librarian of Congress for its `` cultural , historical , or aesthetic significance '' . The Academy Film Archive preserved films 1 , 2 , and 3 of Abstractions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "521443709b13f0ba4c64b423b6de75e9", "text": "Sandy Collora Sandy Collora ( born August 8 , 1968 ) is an American film director and design artist , best known for the independent short film Batman : Dead End .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35d2cd0094c0e420b6835457c53a9b41", "text": "Cola (song) `` Cola '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey , taken from her third extended play , Paradise ( 2012 ) , and the reissue of her debut studio album , Born to Die : The Paradise Edition ( 2012 ) . `` Cola '' first appeared in a teaser trailer posted to her official YouTube account as a snippet . The lyrics were considered controversial , causing major media outlets to respond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42b0f28f84d2603a6e3805dfffec4e77", "text": "Your Face Your Face is a 1987 animated short film by Bill Plympton . It involves a man seated in a chair crooning about the face of his lover , and as he sings , his own face starts to distort in various ways . Along with several other shorts by Bill Plympton , it was also aired on MTV 's Liquid Television . The vocals were that of Maureen McElheron , known for composing the songs in The Tune , also by Bill Plympton . After the song was recorded , it was slowed by one-third , giving the desired and unusual effect , also making the voice more masculine . His face is distorted into many different shapes , such as a balloon , a cube and an ice cream cone . The song is all original , made specifically for this short film , and the lyrics depict a metaphorical description of someone 's face by using musical vocabulary to describe the beauty of their features . The short received a nomination for Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 60th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c2dbb8030ac8b9f2bfdc783adc00de2", "text": "The Wachowskis Lana Wachowski ( formerly Laurence `` Larry '' Wachowski , born June 21 , 1965 ) and Lilly Wachowski ( formerly Andrew Paul `` Andy '' Wachowski , born December 29 , 1967 ) are American film directors , screenwriters , and producers . They are siblings , and are both trans women . Collectively known as The Wachowskis and formerly as The Wachowski Brothers , the pair made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound , and reached fame with their second film The Matrix ( 1999 ) , a major box office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director . They wrote and directed its two sequels : The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions ( both in 2003 ) , and were deeply involved in the writing and production of other works in the franchise . Following the commercial success of The Matrix series , they wrote and produced the 2006 film V for Vendetta ( an adaptation of the comic of the same name by Alan Moore ) , and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer , which was a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series of the same name . Their next film , Cloud Atlas , based on the novel of the same name by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer , was released in 2012 . Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8 both debuted in 2015 . The siblings have worked as a writing and directing unit throughout their professional film careers from Bound through the first season of Sense8 . Following her gender transition , Lilly Wachowski took a break from active writing and directing ; Lana worked on the second season of Sense8 without her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fc02fbcc4bc959f4ee3adf65cff5d64", "text": "Loca (Shakira song) `` Loca '' ( `` Crazy '' ) is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , taken from her seventh studio album , Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) . It was released by Epic Records as the lead single from the album . The Spanish-language version features Dominican rapper El Cata , and was released on 10 September 2010 , while the English-language version features British rapper Dizzee Rascal , and was released on 13 September 2010 . It was written and produced by Shakira , with additional songwriting from Edward Bello , Armando Pérez , and Dylan Mills . The song is a Latin pop and merengue track that lyrically describes Shakira 's eccentric infatuation with a man . In August 2014 , a senior US district judge found `` Loca '' to have been indirectly plagiarised from `` Loca con su Tiguere '' , a mid-1990s song composed by Dominican songwriter Ramon `` Arias '' Vasquez . The case was dismissed in August 2015 after it was found that Vasquez had fabricated the evidence he had presented in court . Upon its release , `` Loca '' received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who complimented the inclusion of merengue music on the recording . The English version of the song became a worldwide commercial success and peaked inside the top five of the record charts of countries including Austria , Belgium , France , Hungary and Italy . The Spanish version peaked atop the charts of Spain and Switzerland , and became a hit on the Latin record charts in the United States , topping the Billboard Hot Latin Songs , Latin Pop Airplay , and Tropical Songs charts . `` Loca '' received record certifications in various countries around the world , including a diamond certification in Colombia and multi-platinum certifications in Italy , Mexico , and Spain . Its accompanying music video was filmed in Barcelona , Spain in August 2010 , and was released the following month . It features Shakira interacting with a beach crowd , and dancing in front of the sea wearing a golden bikini . It generated a favourable response from critics , many of whom praised its concept for matching the vibe of the song . For additional promotion , Shakira performed `` Loca '' on several television shows and on her The Sun Comes Out World Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec07d6e3215b5930189d0f998dc9f296", "text": "List of Los Rey episodes Los Rey ( It All Stays in the Family ) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Elisa Salinas for Azteca . It stars Leonardo Garcia , with Michel Brown and Rossana Najera as the protagonists , both dubbed as `` La pareja '' in the face card , alongside Juan Alfonso Baptista , Ana Belena , Fernando Alonso , Cecilia Ponce , Jose Alonso , Ofelia Medina , Fernando Lujan , Ariel Lopez Padilla , Victor Huggo Martin and Elizabeth Cervantes . Rafael Gutiérrez and Rodrigo Cachero serve as the directors . Los Rey is written by Luis Felipe Ybarra who is also the associate producer . From 3 September 2012 to 22 February 2013 , Azteca 13 broadcast Los Rey , replacing La Mujer de Judas .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ab4d75ad7448bf74add504361ab3e117	The most dominant ice hockey teams are from five continents.	[ { "docid": "46dfa7dc377e2dfe3a7329c095815045", "text": "Ice hockey Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice , usually in a rink , in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent 's net to score points . The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical , with teams usually consisting of six players each : one goaltender , and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team . Ice hockey is most popular in Canada , central and eastern Europe , Scandinavia , and the northern regions of the United States . Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada , where the modern version of the sport was created , and enjoys immense popularity ; alongside Canada , hockey is the most popular winter sport in Finland , Latvia , the Czech Republic , Sweden , Slovakia , Belarus and Switzerland . In North America , the National Hockey League ( NHL ) is the highest level for men 's hockey and the most popular . The Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe . The International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey , with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking . Worldwide , there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries . Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and elsewhere . These games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed , such as `` shinny '' and `` ice polo '' . The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada , most notably in Montreal , where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3 , 1875 . Some characteristics of that game , such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck , have been retained to this day . Amateur ice hockey leagues began in the 1880s , and professional ice hockey originated around 1900 . The Stanley Cup , emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy , was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion and later became the championship trophy of the NHL . In the early 1900s , the Canadian rules were adopted by the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace , the precursor of the IIHF and the sport was played for the first time in the Olympics in the Olympic Games of 1920 . In international competitions , the national teams of six countries ( the `` Big Six '' ) predominate : Canada , Czech Republic , Finland , Russia , Sweden and the United States . Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in men 's competition at the Olympics , only six medals were not awarded to one of those countries . In the annual Ice Hockey World Championships , 177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations . Teams outside the `` Big Six '' have won only five medals in either competition since 1953 : All 12 Women 's Olympic and 36 IIHF World Women 's Championships medals have been awarded to one of these six countries , and every gold medal in both competitions has been won by either the Canadian national team or the United States national team . In Canada , the United States , and some European countries it is known simply as hockey ; the name `` ice hockey '' is used in places where `` hockey '' more often refers to field hockey , such as South America , Asia , Africa , Australasia , and some European countries . In Russia and Ukraine , where `` hockey '' can also refer to bandy , ice hockey is often called `` hockey with puck '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e7e15458e039040bcdf8d51f48865a42", "text": "Eastern Conference (NHL) The Eastern Conference ( Conférence de l'Est ) is one of two conferences in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) used to divide teams . Its counterpart is the Western Conference . Previously known as the Prince of Wales Conference ( or Wales Conference for short ) , it was created in 1974 when the NHL realigned its teams into two conferences and four divisions . Because the new conferences and divisions had little to do with North American geography , geographical references were removed . The conference was instead named for the Prince of Wales Trophy . . The current champions are the Pittsburgh Penguins , winning in 2016 -- 17 . The Prince of Wales Trophy dates back to 1925 , when it was donated to the League by the then-current Prince of Wales , who later became King Edward VIII . It was originally given to the NHL 's champion . ( Until 1926 , the Stanley Cup was presented to the winner of a post-season playoff between the NHL and Western Hockey League champions . ) Since 1926 -- 27 , the Stanley Cup has gone to the NHL 's playoff champion . During the years when the NHL had no divisions , ( i.e. , 1925 -- 26 ; 1938 to 1967 ) , the Prince of Wales Trophy was presented to the League 's regular season champion ( analogous to today 's Presidents ' Trophy ) . From 1928 to 1937 , the Trophy went to the American Division regular season champion ; from 1967 to 1974 , it was presented to the East Division regular season champion ; and from 1974 to 1981 , it was presented to the Wales Conference regular season champion . The conferences and divisions were re-aligned for the 1981 -- 82 to better reflect the geographical locations of the teams , but the existing names were retained with the Wales Conference becoming the conference primarily for the NHL 's eastern teams . The names of conferences and divisions were changed for the 1993 -- 94 season to reflect their geographic locations . Then-new NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman made the change to help non-hockey fans better understand the game , as the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , National Football League ( NFL ) and Major League Baseball ( MLB ) all use geographic-based names for their conferences and divisions . However , the trophy awarded to the conference champion , the Prince of Wales Trophy , retains some connection to the heritage of the League . In 2005 , following the 2004 -- 05 NHL lockout , Bettman changed the Eastern Conference logo ( along with the Western Conference and NHL logos ) to its current format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad16fbe9d758a69863def2b41dc6d528", "text": "National sport A national sport or national pastime is a sport or game that is considered to be an intrinsic part of the culture of a nation . Some sports are de facto ( not established by law ) national sports , as baseball is in the United States and cricket is in England , while others are de jure ( established by law ) national sports , as lacrosse and ice hockey are in Canada . These sports do not have to be necessarily the most played or most followed , which would be either association football , baseball or basketball in all but a few countries , but are widely considered to be important to the country or significant for its culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58b43bd113e62e2fcc9afe400cd4c2e2", "text": "IIHF World U18 Championship The IIHF U18 World Championship is an annual event organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation for national under-18 ice hockey teams from around the world . The tournament is usually played in April and is organized according to a system similar to Ice Hockey World Championships and World Junior Ice Hockey Championships . The United States has dominated the tournament with ten championships followed by Finland , Canada and Russia with three . Countries generally send their best team to this tournament , however , several top North American and European amateurs may not participate as in April both the United States Hockey League ( USHL ) and Canadian Hockey League ( CHL ) are still involved in league playoffs . Players who do not participate in the World Championship due to their respective league postseasons have the alternative of representing their country in the Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament in August . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d283a444c075bf743cfc92506ee8590f", "text": "Hockey World Cup The Hockey World Cup is an international field hockey competition organised by the International Hockey Federation ( FIH ) . The tournament was started in 1971 . It is held every four years , bridging the four years between the Summer Olympics . There is also a Women 's Hockey World Cup , which has been held since 1974 and was organised by the International Federation of Women 's Hockey Associations ( IFWHA ) until 1981 , when the governing bodies merged into the current International Hockey Federation in 1982 . Five countries have dominated the event 's history . Pakistan is the most successful team , having won the tournament four times . The Netherlands and Australia have won three titles , and Germany has each won two titles . India won the tournament once . The 2014 tournament was held in The Hague , Netherlands from June 2 to 14 . Australia defeated Netherlands 6 -- 1 in the final , to win their third World Cup title . The 2018 tournament will be held in Bhubaneswar , India from 28 November to 16 December . The World Cup will expand to 16 teams in 2018 , and FIH will evaluate the possibility of increasing it to 24 in 2022 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129aa0705861aa8291664ecb0be49953", "text": "Switzerland men's national ice hockey team The Switzerland men 's national ice hockey team is a founding member of the International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) and is controlled by the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation . As of 2016 the Swiss team was ranked 7th in the world by the IIHF . From a bronze medal at the 1953 World Championships until the silver medal of 2013 , Switzerland did not win a medal at a major senior ice hockey tournament , coming close in 1992 and 1998 , when they finished in 4th place at the World Championships both years . Before the 2013 IIHF World Championship , the Swiss national hockey team scored two historic upsets at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , defeating the Czech Republic 3 -- 2 and shutting out Canada 2 -- 0 two days later . They finally fell to Sweden in the quarterfinals . At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver , the Swiss nearly stunned Canada again in round-robin play , taking the heavily favored Canadians to a shootout , which they lost 1 -- 0 for a narrow 3 -- 2 loss .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee992bf0e6e91143abd13e71d6fc11c7", "text": "Ice Hockey World Championships The Ice Hockey World Championships are an annual international men 's ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) . First officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics , it is the sport 's highest profile annual international tournament . The IIHF was created in 1908 while the European Championships , the precursor to the World Championships , were first held in 1910 . The tournament held at the 1920 Summer Olympics is recognized as the first Ice Hockey World Championship . Between 1920 and 1968 , the Olympic hockey tournament was also considered the World Championship for that year . The first World Championship that was held as an individual event was in 1930 in which twelve nations participated . In 1931 , ten teams played a series of round-robin format qualifying rounds to determine which nations participated in the medal round . Medals were awarded based on the final standings of the teams in the medal round . In 1951 , thirteen nations took part and were split into two groups . The top seven teams ( Pool A ) played for the World Championship . The other six ( Pool B ) played for ranking purposes . This basic format would be used until 1992 ( although small variations were made ) . During a congress in 1990 , the IIHF introduced a playoff system . As the IIHF grew , more teams began to participate at the World Championships , so more pools ( later renamed divisions ) were introduced . The modern format for the World Championship features 16 teams in the championship group , 12 teams in Division I and 12 teams in Division II . If there are more than 40 teams , the rest compete in Division III . The teams in the championship play a preliminary round , then the top eight teams play in the playoff medal round and the winning team is crowned World Champion . Over the years , the tournament has gone through several rule changes . In 1969 body-checking in all three zones in a rink was allowed , helmets and goaltender masks became mandatory in the early 1970s and in 1992 the IIHF began using the shootout . The current IIHF rules differ slightly from the rules used in the NHL . The World Championships have been open to all players , both professional and amateur , since 1977 . The IIHF requires that players are citizens of the country they represent and allow players to switch national teams provided that they play in their new nation for a certain period of time . Canada was the tournament 's first dominant team , winning the tournament 12 times between 1930 and 1952 . The United States , Czechoslovakia , Sweden , Great Britain and Switzerland were also competitive during this period . The Soviet Union first participated in 1954 and soon became rivals with Canada . From 1963 until the nation 's breakup in 1991 , the Soviet Union was the dominant team , winning 20 championships . During that period , only three other nations won medals : Canada , Czechoslovakia and Sweden . Russia first participated in 1992 and the Czech Republic and Slovakia began competing in 1993 . In the 2000s , the competition became more open as the `` Big Six '' teams -- Canada , the Czech Republic , Finland , Russia , Sweden , and the United States -- as well as Slovakia and Switzerland have became more evenly matched . As this tournament takes place during the same time period as the later stages of the NHL 's Stanley Cup playoffs , several of the league 's top players do not typically participate on an annual basis . The 2015 World Championship was held in Prague and Ostrava , Czech Republic , and was the most successful to date in terms of overall attendance , it was visited by 741,690 people and average attendance was at 11,589 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45c9b4838d80e33b069d9ea112b2d05", "text": "Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics was held at the Torino Palasport Olimpico and the Torino Esposizioni in Turin , Italy . The men 's competition , held from 15 to 26 February , was won by Sweden , and the women 's competition , held from 11 to 20 February , was won by Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cf06d4a2244fe323f604ed40d78f50f", "text": "Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games ( Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) is a major international sporting event that occurs once every four years . Unlike the Summer Olympics , the Winter Olympics feature sports practised on snow and ice . The first Winter Olympics , the 1924 Winter Olympics , was held in Chamonix , France . The original five sports ( broken into nine disciplines ) were bobsleigh , curling , ice hockey , Nordic skiing ( consisting of the disciplines military patrol , cross-country skiing , Nordic combined , and ski jumping ) , and skating ( consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating ) . The Games were held every four years from 1924 until 1936 , after which they were interrupted by World War II . The Olympics resumed in 1948 and was again held every four years . Until 1992 , the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years , but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years , the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994 . The Winter Games have evolved since its inception . Sports and disciplines have been added and some of them , such as Alpine skiing , luge , short track speed skating , freestyle skiing , skeleton , and snowboarding , have earned a permanent spot on the Olympic programme . Others ( such as curling and bobsleigh ) have been discontinued and later reintroduced , or have been permanently discontinued ( such as military patrol , though the modern Winter Olympic sport of biathlon is descended from it ) . Still others , such as speed skiing , bandy and skijoring , were demonstration sports but never incorporated as Olympic sports . The rise of television as a global medium for communication enhanced the profile of the Games . It created an income stream , via the sale of broadcast rights and advertising , which has become lucrative for the IOC . This allowed outside interests , such as television companies and corporate sponsors , to exert influence . The IOC has had to address several criticisms , internal scandals , the use of performance-enhancing drugs by Winter Olympians , as well as a political boycott of the Winter Olympics . Nations have used the Winter Games to showcase the claimed superiority of their political systems . The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by eleven different countries . The Games have been held in the United States four times ( 1932 , 1960 , 1980 , 2002 ) ; in France three times ( 1924 , 1968 , 1992 ) ; and in Austria ( 1964 , 1976 ) , Canada ( 1988 , 2010 ) , Japan ( 1972 , 1998 ) , Italy ( 1956 , 2006 ) , Norway ( 1952 , 1994 ) , and Switzerland ( 1928 , 1948 ) twice . Also , the Games have been held in Germany ( 1936 ) , Yugoslavia ( 1984 ) , and Russia ( 2014 ) once . The IOC has selected Pyeongchang , South Korea , to host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Beijing , China , to host the 2022 Winter Olympics . No city in the southern hemisphere has hosted or even been an applicant to host the Winter Olympics ; the major challenge preventing one hosting the games is the dependence on winter weather , and the traditional February timing of the games falls in the middle of the southern hemisphere summer . Twelve countries -- Austria , Canada , Finland , France , Great Britain , Hungary , Italy , Norway , Poland , Sweden , Switzerland and the United States -- have sent athletes to every Winter Olympic Games . Six of those -- Austria , Canada , Finland , Norway , Sweden and the United States -- have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games , and only one -- the United States -- has earned gold at each Games . Norway leads in terms of number of gold medals and overall number of medals . Germany and Japan have been banned at times from competing in the Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68a80632eceee3a4eef5b928b79da313", "text": "List of Toronto Maple Leafs seasons The Toronto Maple Leafs are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto , Ontario . They are members of the Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and are known as one of the Original Six teams of the league . Founded in 1917 , the club had no nickname in their first season , and were known as the Toronto Arenas for their second season . From the 1919 -- 20 season they were known as the Toronto St. Patricks , until in February 1927 when the club was purchased by Conn Smythe . Smythe changed the name of the club to the Maple Leafs and they have been known by that name ever since . The 2016 -- 17 season is the 100th for the franchise and since their founding the Leafs have won 2794 regular season games , accumulated 5 division championships , led the league in points 6 times , appeared in the playoffs 65 times , gained 8 O'Brien Cup championships , and won 13 Stanley Cup titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aceb163772a3ad1ad73c0547af1862ae", "text": "Ice hockey at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification Qualification for the women 's tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics determined by the IIHF World Ranking following the 2012 IIHF Women 's World Championships . The top five teams in the World Ranking received automatic berths into the Olympics , Russia has received an automatic berth as host , and all other teams had an opportunity to qualify for the remaining two spots .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5839f64fcdf2dafee47bd4cb7bfceda", "text": "Race and ethnicity in the NHL The National Hockey League evolved from a mono-ethnic and primarily Canadian professional athletic league to span North America . The distribution of ethnic groups has been gradually changing since the inception of the NHL . The league consists of a variety of players from varying nationalities and diverse backgrounds . Once known as a league riddled with racism and exclusiveness , the NHL has made positive steps toward a more diverse and inclusive institution . According to statistics , gathered by www.quanthockey.com , the NHL began its expansion of player nationalities in the 1970s , where players hailed from the United States , Sweden , and Finland . The share of Canadians in the league dropped to 75 % by the 1980s and is now slightly less than 50 % . The NHL is composed of 93 % of players who designate themselves as white with the remaining 7 % of varying ethnicities . The NHL currently has 32 players of African-American descent . Some notable NHL stars of African-American descent are Dustin Byfuglien , Evander Kane , and Joel Ward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6370f15fdbf3f901a44d3564de8b9201", "text": "1962 Ice Hockey World Championships The 1962 World Ice Hockey Championships was the 29th edition of the Ice Hockey World Championships . The tournament was held in Colorado Springs and Denver , United States from March 8 to March 18 , 1962 . This was the first time this championship ( other than being part of an Olympic tournament ) had been held in North America . A boycott led by The Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia led to a much reduced field of participants . At issue was the boycott of the 1957 championships in Moscow by Canada and the USA , and the Americans refusal of East German passports in reaction to the building of the Berlin Wall . Sweden won their third World , and their ninth European title . Canada , represented by the Galt Terriers , lost only to the Swedes finishing second , followed by the host Americans . In the ` B ' pool the Australian team defeated Denmark for their first victory ever .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f35f8a2f8fb4c7c301c47707c511deec", "text": "Scottish National League (ice hockey) The Scottish National League is a recreational ice hockey league in Scotland . The league is seen as the third-tier of ice hockey in the UK , below the British Elite Ice Hockey League and the English Premier Ice Hockey League . However , its standard of play has been considered closer to the English National Ice Hockey Division One , consisting primarily of amateur players and `` B '' teams of clubs playing in higher leagues . Following the demise of the British National League at the end of the 2004 -- 05 season , the Fife Flyers and Dundee Stars transferred to the League , raising its profile and quality . Both these teams have since left the SNL and now compete in the Elite Ice Hockey League", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfdb9371bc139b6b2ab44de777e5301f", "text": "List of NCAA Division I ice hockey programs The following is a list of the 60 schools who field men 's ice hockey teams and the 35 schools who field women 's ice hockey teams in NCAA Division I competition . The conferences are from 2017 - 2018 season", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28c95f60bcd5f491fd83d62f16a37c4c", "text": "List of Montreal Canadiens players This is a complete list of ice hockey players who have played for the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . It includes players that have played at least one regular season or playoff game for the Montreal Canadiens since the team joined the NHL in 1917 . Founded in 1909 as one of the founding members of the National Hockey Association ( NHA ) , the Montreal Canadiens were also one of the founding members of the NHL . Since the formation of the NHL , 709 different players have played with the Canadiens As of April 3 , 2008 , 71 goaltenders and 638 skaters ( forwards and defensemen ) have appeared in at least one regular-season and/or playoff game with the Montreal Canadiens since the formation of the league in the 1917 -- 18 NHL season . The 709 all-time members of the Canadiens are listed below , with statistics complete through the end of the 2013 -- 14 NHL season . This list does not include members of the Montreal Canadiens while the team was a member of the NHA from 1909 until 1917 . The `` Seasons '' column lists the first year of the season of the player 's first game and the last year of the season of the player 's last game . For example , a player who played one game in the 2000 -- 01 season would be listed as playing with the team from 2000 -- 2001 , regardless of what calendar year the game occurred within .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ad465a94b15f3b24572c674db0e409f", "text": "Laurentide Ice Sheet The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square kilometers , including most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States , multiple times during the Quaternary glacial epochs -- from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present . < ref name = `` ICS2013 '' > </ref> The last advance covered most of northern North America between c. 95,000 and c. 20,000 years before the present day , and among other geomorphological effects , gouged out the five Great Lakes and the hosts of smaller lakes of the Canadian shield . These lakes extend from the eastern Northwest Territories , through most of northern Canada , and the upper Midwestern United States ( Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Michigan ) to the Finger Lakes , through Lake Champlain and Lake George areas of New York , across the northern Appalachians into and through all of New England and Nova Scotia . At times , the ice sheet 's southern margin included the present-day sites of northeastern coastal towns and cities such as Portsmouth , New Hampshire , Boston , New York City , and Great Lakes coastal cities and towns as far south as Chicago and St. Louis , Missouri -- and then followed quite precisely the present course of the Missouri River up to the northern slopes of the Cypress Hills , beyond which it merged with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet . The ice coverage extended approximately as far south as 38 degrees latitude in the mid-continent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e943aad26c4f5919744641a213e991d8", "text": "1992 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs , the championship of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 18 , after the conclusion of the 1991 -- 92 NHL season . It was the 100th anniversary of the first awarding of the Stanley Cup , and it was won by the Pittsburgh Penguins , defeating the Chicago Blackhawks . The 1992 playoffs saw history being made , as for the first time ever , all four division winners were eliminated in the same round . In the division finals , the Norris Division champion Detroit Red Wings were swept by the Chicago Blackhawks in four straight games , and the Montreal Canadiens , who had won the Adams Division , suffered the same fate at the hands of the Boston Bruins . The Pittsburgh Penguins eliminated the Patrick Division titlists , the New York Rangers , in six games , while the Vancouver Canucks , the Smythe Division toppers , fell to the Edmonton Oilers , also in six games . A record 54 games were played in the first round , with six of the eight series going the full seven games . The only two series that did n't were the Oilers ' six-game win over the Kings , and the Blackhawks ' six-game win over the Blues . This was the last year that the Hartford Whalers and Minnesota North Stars qualified for the playoffs . The franchises would not reach the postseason again until 1999 and 1994 respectively . By the time each franchise reached the playoffs again they were known as the Carolina Hurricanes and the Dallas Stars . Video replay was used to decide a playoff game for the first time in game six of the Detroit-Minnesota division semifinal . Sergei Fedorov of the Red Wings appeared to hit the crossbar behind Minnesota goalie Jon Casey during the first overtime , but after the Stars iced the puck immediately afterward , referee Rob Shick called for a video review , which determined that the puck had entered the goal just below the crossbar and caromed off the frame at the back of the net . Fedorov was awarded the goal , giving the Red Wings a series-tying victory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "964baffaf8d28035f637eea4ab9ab75a", "text": "2007 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships The 2007 Men 's World Ice Hockey Championships was the 71st World Ice Hockey Championship . Canada won the tournament , receiving the gold medal for the 24th time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38798763ffe7b68c02c006e19137f555", "text": "List of Slovaks in the NHL The following is a list of ice hockey players from Slovakia who played or are playing in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . It is sorted by all-time points scored . Since the 1958 -- 59 season , 76 Slovak forwards and defencemen have played at least one game in the NHL . Also , four goalies native to Slovakia have appeared in games . At the top of this list , there is the unranked position of Stan Mikita . Stan Mikita was born in Slovakia , but left at the age of eight . He learned to play hockey in Canada and represented Canada internationally , so his first place may be disputed by some sources . All other players started their pro-careers in Europe . Active players currently playing in the NHL are in bold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
69ddc4ad44e75665d354a7af584cab2c	Bridget Moynahan pursued a career in modeling.	[ { "docid": "892a7394c9c8ca06e2dd814ac12b38b5", "text": "Bridget Moynahan Bridget Moynahan ( born Kathryn Bridget Moynahan ; April 28 , 1971 ) is an American actress and model . She graduated from Longmeadow High School , in Massachusetts , in 1989 , and began pursuing a career in modeling . She appeared in department-store catalogs and magazines , and after doing television commercials , she began taking acting lessons . Moynahan made her television debut in a guest appearance in the comedy series Sex and the City in 1999 , where she later had a recurring role as Natasha . She made her feature film debut in Coyote Ugly ( 2000 ) . She was cast in a supporting role in Serendipity ( 2001 ) . Moynahan was also featured in the action film The Sum of All Fears ( 2002 ) , spy thriller The Recruit ( 2003 ) , the science-fiction movie I , Robot ( 2004 ) , and the political thriller Lord of War ( 2005 ) . She starred in the ABC television series Six Degrees , which premiered in September 2006 , but was cancelled after one season . Moynahan completed work in Elizabeth Allen 's Ramona and Beezus , which was released in July 2010 , and has starred in the CBS drama Blue Bloods since September 2010 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "abfdaf7b080bf63d530c96c216d81d96", "text": "Bree Condon Bree Condon ( born March 3 , 1986 ) is an American fashion model and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895edc76db691eca935e0597be68d93d", "text": "Expecting Models Expecting Models is the first agency of its kind that specializes in providing professional pregnant models and actresses for the fashion and commercial world . Founded in New York City in 2001 by Elliott-Ramirez , a former fashion model herself , Expecting Models represents real moms , their babies and real families . The agency gives models and actresses the opportunity to keep working , but in a different segment of the industry -- enabling talent to work from pregnancy thru post-delivery . Expecting Models , Inc. is a licensed , bonded and SAG franchised agency and has quarters in New York City and Los Angeles . Their fashion clients include Motherswork , Gap , Target , Cadeau , Liz Lange , Nordstrom and Destination Maternity . Additionally , Expecting Models provides with models for print magazines like Fit Pregnancy , Pregnancy & New Born and 9 Plus Bebe Mama Magazine . Expecting Models is also featured in the show `` Runway Moms '' , broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel . In the show , Liza Elliott-Ramirez becomes a maternity expert for her models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "740949457a81358966094a6175251486", "text": "Bridget Flannery Bridget Flannery ( born 1959 ) is an Irish painter working in abstract painting . Mark Ewart says : `` She is not a landscape painter in the strictest sense of the word , '' but both he and fellow critic Aidan Dunne say that her work is influenced by landscapes or seascapes . Educated at St. Angela 's College , Cork , the Crawford College of Art , and Design Cork , she is represented by the Cross Gallery , Dublin . She has exhibited across Ireland and internationally", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b504239bb7b3f83b9c0744ee000bbb", "text": "Seventeen (Japanese magazine) is a monthly Japanese fashion magazine for female teenagers published by Shueisha . Launched in 1967 as a weekly magazine based on the original American Seventeen , the magazine changed the name to SEVENTEEN in 1987 , and to Seventeen in 2008 . Since the late 1990s , Seventeen has been the highest-selling teenage fashion magazine in Japan , and has featured its exclusive teenage models as ST-Mo ( STモ - Seventeen Model ) . Seventeen is very sought after among models ( teenage models ) because being featured on the magazine especially on its cover and certain pages , strongly helps them to get high-quality endorsements and prestigious contracts . Well-known former Seventeen models include Keiko Kitagawa , Nana Eikura , Rie Miyazawa , Anna Tsuchiya , Hinano Yoshikawa , and Emi Suzuki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4cf2b7e771bf890fede3b02b379f8c2", "text": "Kiera Gormley Kiera Gormley is a model from Belfast in Northern Ireland . She caught the eye of Mario Testino , leading to shoots for Vogue UK and Italy , ID , Burberry , Aquascutum , Aveda , and Jaeger . Gormley is represented by Storm Model Management in London , Marilyn agency in New York and Paris , and Women Model Management Milan . Gormley has worked for Gaultier , Dior , Lanvin , Vivienne Westwood , Hermes , Paul Smith , Burberry , Maison Martin Margiela , Biba , Giorgio Armani , and many more . She became the face of MAC Cosmetics in the `` Rose romance '' campaign , shot by Miles Aldridge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a14f99c0471bbc96e617684c28157b0", "text": "Mel B Melanie Janine Brown ( born 29 May 1975 ) , better known as Mel B or Melanie B , is an English singer , songwriter , presenter , television personality , dancer , actress , author , and model . Brown rose to fame as a member of the girl group the Spice Girls , in which she became known as Scary Spice . Brown is also known for supporting girl power and earlier global tours , which grossed an estimated $ 500 -- 800 million between 1996 and 2000 . Brown began her solo career when she released `` I Want You Back '' with Missy Elliott on Virgin Records . The single charted at number one on the UK Singles Chart , followed by the release of her debut album , Hot ( 2000 ) . The album also saw the release of two top 10 singles `` Tell Me '' and `` Feels So Good '' . L.A. State of Mind was Brown 's second studio album , released in 2005 on the independent label Amber Café , which saw the release of one single , `` Today '' in June that year . In mid-2012 , Brown announced a return to her solo recording career with the release of her third studio album by signing with EMI Music Australia . The scope of the deal with EMI office includes concessions for global partnering with EMI . The first single from the album , `` For Once in My Life '' was released in September 2013 , becoming Brown 's first record to be released after eight years . Since 2000 , Brown has concentrated on a variety of non-singing projects . She became the presenter of shows such as This Is My Moment , Top of the Pops , Party in the Park and The All Star Animal Awards . In September 2007 , she became a contestant on the fifth season of the American dance competition , Dancing with the Stars ; in which she placed runner-up overall partnered with Maksim Chmerkovskiy . Brown returned to television work becoming a judge for the Australian version of The X Factor from 2011 to 2012 , replacing Kyle Sandilands and having previously been a celebrity mentor on the show in 2010 . In June 2012 , she was a guest judge during the Manchester auditions for the ninth series of The X Factor UK , as one of the temporary replacements for Kelly Rowland ; before the role eventually went to Nicole Scherzinger . She later joined The X Factor UK for its eleventh series in 2014 . During this time she became the female co-host for Dancing with the Stars Australia , in which she hosted the twelfth season alongside Daniel MacPherson . However , Brown resigned from the show and did not return for the thirteenth season in 2013 . In February that year , she officially signed on to become one of the four judges for the variety talent show America 's Got Talent , replacing Sharon Osbourne from the eighth season onwards . On 1 February 2014 , she was revealed to be a coach on The Voice Kids in Australia , which aired in mid-2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a98ee566e4607bec287400a6fe4c7a96", "text": "Malena Belafonte Malena Belafonte ( born Malena Mathiesen ) is an international fashion model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4549217682cc57d5dad834ac0ee80fa9", "text": "Sex columnist A sex columnist is a writer of a newspaper or magazine column about sex . Sex advice columns may take the form of essays or , more frequently , answers to questions posed by readers . Sex advice columns can usually be found in alt weekly newspapers , women 's magazines , health or fitness magazines , and student newspapers . While some are written by trained sexologists , many are penned by people lacking credentials in human sexuality and relationships , yet willing to divulge their opinions or personal bedroom antics . The television series Sex and the City protagonist Carrie Bradshaw was a sex columnist , which author Candace Bushnell modeled after herself in her original non-fiction book based on a column of the same name . The show , which first aired in 1998 , is credited with the increase of sex columnists found in college campus newspapers and blogs , such as at Ivy League colleges and many other schools . One such columnist , Meghan Bainum , at the University of Kansas , Lawrence , placed in the 42nd annual William Randolph Hearst Foundation Journalism Awards Program ( 2001 -- 2002 ) for her column . Anka Radakovich was the first of a new breed of sex columnists for whom `` every detail of the writer 's psyche is splayed across the page ... confessional journalism at its most intimate '' . Radakovich had written for the old Details magazine when it was a chronicle of downtown fashion and night life . After James Truman became editor-in-chief and transformed Details into a men 's magazine , he offered Radakovich a column in September 1990 . She became the first modern-day magazine sex columnist working for a mainstream men 's publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c0d8f315430883721a1cdb77f6abbf0", "text": "Miss Model of the World Miss Model of the World is an international model contest organized for the first time in Istanbul , Turkey , in 1988 with 42 countries participating .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5568d9b9b0708d7f80ccb858c2bd3dd9", "text": "Bridgetree Bridgetree , Inc. is a Fort Mill , South Carolina , based company that collects data and does data analysis , related application and web programming , and logistical services . Bridgetree provides services to a variety of industries , such as retail , financial services , travel , consumer products , sports entertainment and non-profits . The company has corporate operations and data centers in the United States with programming and data analysis locations in Kolkata , India , Bangalore , India , and Xi'an , China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00b9ef5ccc2baf02a1fa07ce6f41977b", "text": "Paulina Porizkova Paulina Porizkova ( born Pavlína Pořízková ; -LSB- ˈpavliːna ˈpor̝iːskovaː -RSB- ; 9 April 1965 ) is a Czech born model , actress and author , who holds dual U.S. and Swedish citizenship . At 18 years old , in 1984 , she became the first woman from Central Europe to be on the cover of the Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue . She was the second woman ( after Christie Brinkley ) to be featured on the swimsuit issue 's front cover consecutive times ( 1984 and 1985 ) . She joined judging in America 's Next Top Model in Cycles 10 -- 12 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "524e203996988d05113642dcfa8eb998", "text": "How Do I Look? How Do I Look ? was a makeover show airing on the Style Network . The show was originally hosted by English soap opera veteran Finola Hughes ; the latest season was hosted by celebrity stylist Jeannie Mai . The show features `` fashion victims , '' purportedly turned in by their friends , coworkers , and family members . Although there are variations in each episode tailored to the individual contestant , every episode follows the same basic pattern .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a39dd7dab93acaa01a71ffc1f2096760", "text": "Juliet Reagh Juliet Reagh ( born September 5 , 1964 ) is an American actress and model . She was the Penthouse Pet for April 1987 under the name `` Jenna Persaud '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04b138db704e979e20502f8ba2ea9289", "text": "Top Model Top Model or Next Top Model is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons ( referred to as `` cycles '' ) . The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine . The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series , America 's Next Top Model which was first aired in 2003 , produced by Ken Mok 's 10 by 10 Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33857518be5cb126c993ccdf2664e1bd", "text": "Make Me a Supermodel (U.S. TV series) Make Me a Supermodel is an American reality television modeling competition series based on the British reality series of the same name . Following an audition preview on January 2 , 2008 , the series premiered January 10 , 2008 on the cable television network Bravo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a33a138c77ff6e5680487fc04db55c9a", "text": "Caterina Lopez Caterina Marie Lopez ( born December 13 , 1987 ) , is an American model and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0cccd10239f4f507669a78a56f38f81", "text": "Page 3 Page 3 is a colloquial term for a feature formerly included in the British tabloid newspaper The Sun . The phrase originates with the publication of a large photograph of a topless , bare-breasted female glamour model which was usually published on the print edition 's third page . The feature first appeared in the newspaper on 17 November 1970 and on the official Page 3 website since June 1999 , where it still continues . The terms `` Page 3 '' and `` Page Three '' are registered trademarks of News UK , parent company of The Sun , although the feature has been imitated in Britain 's other ` red top ' tabloids and by newspapers internationally . Page 3 was popular with Sun readers , but it also attracted sustained controversy . Critics argued that Page 3 objectifies and demeans women , while others believe that it should not appear in a generally circulated national newspaper . Some campaigners advocated for legislation to ban Page 3 , while others tried to convince newspaper editors to voluntarily drop the feature or modify it so that models no longer appear topless . The No More Page 3 campaign was launched in 2012 . The Irish edition of The Sun dropped topless Page 3 models in August 2013 . After several days of non-appearance , an article appeared in stablemate The Times on 19 January 2015 indicating that the UK editions were dropping the feature too . The 22 January 2015 edition , in what became a one-off revival , was the last to include the feature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4db829edcc67cb6e43557a0831f1b7a7", "text": "Motley Magazine Motley Magazine is the award-winning student publication based in Ireland . Originally set up in 2006 the magazine has evolved from a simple publication aimed at students around Ireland into the country 's `` Best Magazine '' as awarded at the SMEDIA Awards in 2014 , 2015 and 2016 . Motley has featured major names from the television , music and pop-culture industries . To date , at the SMEDIA Awards , it is the most successful student magazine in Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94af5b1e85a566dfe4aa6f5c5907fe4b", "text": "Keeley Hazell Keeley Hazell ( born 18 September 1986 ) is an English glamour model , actress , . Hazell became one of Britain 's most successful glamour models , working with brands such as Page 3 , FHM , Loaded , Nuts and Zoo Weekly . She has also made numerous television appearances and has , more recently , focused on her acting career , appearing in films such as Horrible Bosses 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ce41b153810c62d4af33b59640b00ae", "text": "Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest Gladrags is an Indian magazine which features modeling and related events . Every year they conduct the Manhunt and Megamodel Contest , a unisex pageant in India . At the contest most appealing male and female models are selected as winner and runners-up and the magazine promotes them . The current winners of Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel India are 21 year old Ansh Duggal of New Delhi and Karuna Singh -LSB- Chandigarh -RSB- They first conduct a round of selection from the regions and then post all the elimination rounds for the final contestants . The group undergoes training including physical fitness , grooming , catwalk , diction and speech .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9c0a71cc062624fca33d87ca2a6a531b	Miranda Kerr represented a department store chain.	[ { "docid": "674fafd922a63529f26b44ce174e7c3b", "text": "Miranda Kerr Miranda May Kerr ( born 20 April 1983 ) is an Australian model . Kerr rose to prominence in 2007 as one of the Victoria 's Secret Angels . Kerr was the first Australian Victoria 's Secret model and also represented the Australian department store chain David Jones . Kerr has launched her own brand of organic skincare products , KORA Organics , and has written a self-help book . Kerr began modelling in the fashion industry when she was 13 , winning the 1997 Dolly magazine model search competition . Since 2008 , Kerr has consistently ranked on the Forbes list of highest earning models .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "14c19f4a8b0aa64f4fd78e4ef4c7ed5d", "text": "David's Bridal David 's Bridal is a clothier in the United States that specializes in wedding dresses , prom gowns , and other formal wear . It is the largest American bridal-store chain . David 's Bridal currently operates more than 300 stores in 45 states , Canada , the United Kingdom , and Puerto Rico . It was acquired by May Department Stores in 2000 , which was , in turn , bought by Federated Department Stores ( the parent company of department store giant Macy 's ) in 2005 . On November 17 , 2006 , David 's Bridal was purchased by Leonard Green & Partners , on the same day that Federated also divested itself of After Hours Formalwear . On October 11 , 2012 , Clayton , Dubilier & Rice announced the completion of its acquisition of David 's Bridal , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4820c4a6d398e90053bc8a73721f0efc", "text": "McRae's McRae 's was a mid-range regional department store chain founded and based in Jackson , Mississippi , with locations in Mississippi , Alabama , Louisiana , and Florida . The nameplate was in existence for more than a century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20640a42a17dc9cd116ffec199d593fe", "text": "Value City Value City was an American discount department store chain with 113 locations . It was founded in 1917 by Ephraim Schottenstein , a travelling salesman in central Ohio . The store was an off-price retailer that sold clothing , jewelry , and home goods below the manufacturer suggested retail price . The chain focused on buyout and closeout merchandise , and occasionally irregular apparel and factory seconds . The stores were branded Schottenstein 's in the Columbus , Ohio , market and Valley Fair in the Northern New Jersey market . The Schottenstein name was dropped in 2008 . Also , three stores in Metro Detroit were co-branded as Crowley 's Value City . From 1984 to 1995 , Schottenstein also owned Shifrin-Willens , a jewelry store . The first store was located in Columbus , Ohio , at 1887 Parsons Avenue on the corner of Parsons Avenue and Reeb Avenue , and has been closed since 2006 . It was formerly affiliated with Value City Furniture , which has 130 stores and was founded in 1948 ( VCF is corporate sponsor of Value City Arena , home of the Ohio State University women and men 's basketball programs ) . Retail Ventures originally sought to sell the Value City operation to focus on its more profitable brands . The chain announced its intention in 2007 to sell up to 24 stores to Burlington Coat Factory . However , on January 23 , 2008 , Retail Ventures announced it was selling an ownership stake in Value City to newly formed VCHI Acquisition Company . The company continued to close selected stores through 2008 while revamping and reorganizing the merchandise approach in those which were retained . On October 27 , 2008 , Value City announced that the chain was filing for bankruptcy and that all remaining stores would close . The sales were completed on December 23 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa468bbf1c7b5a826b4c9948e75417d9", "text": "Marc's Marc 's Stores is a discount drugstore-and-grocery chain , with stores in northern and central Ohio . It is owned by Clevelander Marc Glassman , who also owned Xpect Discounts , In western Connecticut , originally seven store chain which started as a drug store in the late 1980s , then expanding into a full grocery store . During the recent recessions business slowed and the cost to operate in Connecticut continued to increase , Though still making increases in sales . Xpect started closing Connecticut stores in 2012-2013 and was reduced down to three stores , and in early 2015 MGI stated that the remaining three Connecticut stores would close and vacate by April 2016 . Marc 's has over 60 stores in the Cleveland , Akron , Canton , Youngstown , and Columbus areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2f27aa1dae0864de2a44868fffe93fe", "text": "Kerr Building The S. P. Kerr Building is a historic building on the northwest corner of North Main Street and West Broadway in Winchester , Kentucky . The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing property in the Winchester Downtown Commercial District . Built in 1889 , it is a three-story brick building with stone sills and lintels and a rounded corner entrance flanked by rough-hewn stone columns . The building contains about 32000 sqft of space . The Kerr Building originally housed Eclipse Mills , but in later years it was home to J. J. Newberry 's and The Corner Drug Store . By 1999 , the building was vacant and in disrepair . As a result of the deterioration , the Bluegrass Trust for Historic Preservation placed the Kerr Building on its `` 11th Hour '' Most Endangered list . In 2001 , the building was purchased by Union Properties and Bailey Associates , who began refurbishing the building in August 2002 , including repairing water damage , leaks in the roof , and worn storefronts . The renovations took more than three years ( it was completed in December 2005 ) and cost more than $ 2 million . The building now houses around 18000 sqft of senior living space and 9000 sqft of commercial space . The wooden rooster on the roof of the building is said to have been placed there as the result of a bet involving the outcome of the 1932 presidential election . The original rooster eventually disappeared , but a replacement was installed during the 2002 renovation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91a4945158d5d856d6332a7d3a649e58", "text": "Jay Jacobs (retailer) Jay Jacobs was a clothing retailer based in downtown Seattle , Washington , founded in 1941 by its namesake Jay Jacobs ( October 13 , 1911 - February 15 , 2013 ) . It specialized in trendy clothing for teens , mainly targeting girls . Although the company 's first 20 years saw the opening of only two more stores , it was largely profitable at its height in the mid-1980s and operated 288 stores in 22 western states by 1993 . However , 1992 saw a major about face from success and many of the stores , especially in southern California , were becoming unprofitable and were closed . Although the cause of the turnaround is difficult to put a finger on , a recession , which proved troublesome for many retailers , could have been partially to blame . Some thought the company was expanding too quickly and its assets were spread too thin . Others argued that Jacobs had lost touch with the rapidly changing fashion trends and that he never gave his son-in-law enough control over the company . In an attempt to gain back lost business , the company tried to expand its target audience by going after young adults with career oriented clothing . This did not work , however , and with stores closing and rapidly falling sales , Jay Jacobs filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in May , 1994 . Less than half the stores remain now . Founder Jay Jacobs resigned as chairman of the board in June , 1997 and left the board entirely the following November . They again filed for Chapter 11 on September 3 , 1999 and announced the closure of the remaining 114 stores the same day . Jacobs , the namesake of the company , died Feb. 15 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a9006fa6488b3ca68b0517fdef0749a", "text": "Halls (department store) Halls is the department store division of Kansas City , Missouri-based Hallmark Cards , consisting of a specialty department store located in downtown Kansas City in the city 's Crown Center commercial complex district . The store carries a variety of premium-branded items in apparel , cosmetics , jewelry , shoes , and other product categories , in addition to greeting cards and gift items carrying the Hallmark brand . Hall 's is positioned at a price level comparable to larger luxury-oriented chains including Bloomingdale 's and Neiman Marcus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fe88b868a4bcfd63cebdd2b23ee50d0", "text": "Marks & Spencer Marks and Spencer plc ( also known as M&S ) is a major British multinational retailer headquartered in the City of Westminster , London . It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index . It specialises in the selling of clothing , home products and luxury food products . M&S was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leeds . The company also began to sell branded goods like Kellogg 's Corn Flakes in November 2008 . M&S currently has 959 stores across the U.K including 615 that only sell food products . In 1998 , the company became the first British retailer to make a pre-tax profit of over # 1 billion , although subsequently it went into a sudden slump , which took the company , its shareholders , who included hundreds of thousands of small investors , and nearly all retail analysts and business journalists , by surprise . In November 2009 , it was announced that Marc Bolland , formerly of Morrisons , would take over as chief executive from executive chairman Stuart Rose in early 2010 ; Rose remained in the role of non-executive chairman until he was replaced by Robert Swannell in January 2011 . M&S have 852 stores throughout the UK , as well as many international stores ; 52 stores in India , 48 stores in Turkey , 37 in Russia , 27 in Greece , 17 in Ireland , 14 in France , 11 in Poland , 6 in Hungary and Finland and 5 in Spain . In recent years its clothing sales have fallen whilst food sales have increased after the axing of `` St. Michael 's '' naming for their own brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78b9186879c6781d819ad86319db3f9a", "text": "Morleys Stores Morleys Stores is a group of eight department stores in Greater London , a business-to-business furniture supply subsidiary called Morley 's of Bicester Ltd and a department store & furniture centre called Camp Hopson of Newbury in Newbury , Berkshire . The group is named after the original store that opened in Brixton , south London as Morley & Lanceley . Note that the firm is unrelated to the London fast foods restaurant chain . In the year to January 2014 group profit was # 5.6 million on turnover of # 90.6 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c2e50eab752b5633fa8c57463374d46", "text": "Forever 21 Forever 21 is an American fast fashion retailer with its headquarters in Los Angeles , California . Forever 21 began as a 900 square foot store in Highland Park , CA in 1984 , and has grown into clothing lines Forever 21 , XXI Forever , Love 21 , and Heritage throughout over 600 stores in the Americas , Asia , the Middle East , and the UK . More than 60 % of its apparel is made in China and the average store size is 38,000 square feet . Forever 21 is known for its trendy offerings and its low pricing . The company sells clothing , accessories , and beauty products for women , men , and girls . The company has been involved in various controversies , ranging from labor practice issues to copyright infraction accusations to religion . The clothing ages from toddler to grownup , for kids and adults . Forever 21 is the 5th largest specialty retailer in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c707f1be046924c61a5e892301a4754", "text": "Fopp (retailer) Fopp is a Scottish chain of retail stores selling music , film , books and other entertainment products in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "403f3f82b1d498e3c13f0a93bee33865", "text": "Avenue (store) Avenue Stores LLC is a specialty retailer in the United States , offering plus-size clothing . The company serves a target audience of women aged between 25 and 55 years of age , wearing apparel sized 14 or larger . The group operates five-hundred stores in 37 states , all under the name The Avenue . The company was purchased by Redcats USA , part of the French group Kering , in November 2007 . Early in 2012 , United Retail Group , Inc. , Avenue 's parent company , filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy and was acquired by Versa Capital Management .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb10e9965692a90806acbf6ff9559ef5", "text": "The Crescent (department store) The Crescent was a small chain of department stores founded and based in Spokane , Washington . Once a subsidiary of Marshall Field & Company , the chain was sold to BATUS Retail Group in 1982 . BATUS renamed the stores Frederick & Nelson , the company 's Seattle , Washington division , in 1988 . Frederick and Nelson eventually filed for bankruptcy and liquidated in 1992 . At its peak , The Crescent operated seven department stores in Washington and Oregon , including three in Spokane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ac2c007b538354f4f8999237f35daeb", "text": "Thom McAn Thom McAn is a brand of shoes and was formerly a retail chain . It is currently sold in Kmart and Sears stores . It consists of leather dress , casual , and athletic shoes ( under its Tm Sport label ) . Until the 1990s , Thom McAn had hundreds of retail stores in the US , and was one of the oldest and best known shoe retailers in the country . As of late 2008 the brand was now controlled by Sears Brands , LLC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ba2d1911035025b198627be110fed76", "text": "Westfield Century City Westfield Century City , formerly known as Century Square Shopping Center , is a two-level , 900,000-square-foot outdoor shopping mall in the Century City commercial district in Los Angeles , California . It is owned by Westfield Corporation . Its anchor stores include Bloomingdale 's , Macy 's , a Gelson 's supermarket , and a 15-screen AMC multiplex . It is currently undergoing an $ 800 million expansion , which will add a Nordstrom flagship store .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11bd3a484f6840159c8ce86bb4e2b47a", "text": "Moores Moores the Suit People Inc. , is a Canadian brand specialized in tailor-made clothing for men similar to Tip Top Tailors or Classys . It is an affiliate to Men 's Wearhouse , from the U.S. The store was founded by Martin Prosserman and David Moore , who as a minority shareholder was bought out in 1982 . In 1980 they opened the first location in Mississauga in the Greater Toronto Area . Moores is owned by the Moores Retail Group , which also owns GoldenBrand clothing in Montreal . In 1999 the Moores Retail Group was acquired by Men 's Wearhouse . Today , Moores has 126 retail locations situated all over Canada and employs over 1200 people . Its current headquarters are in Toronto . The stores sell a wide variety of footwear , tuxedo rentals , office wear , outerwear , ties and many more articles for workers or special occasions . Its ad slogan is : `` Well made , Well Priced , Well Dressed '' In September 2008 Men 's Wearhouse selected the New York advertising agency DeVito/Verdi to handle its national advertising and marketing communications account . The assignment called for the agency to provide full service marketing support and to develop strategic planning , advertising , public relations , market planning , promotions , and P-O-S programs . In addition to the Men 's Wearhouse brand , DeVito/Verdi handled marketing for the company 's other retail brands : K&G , MW Tux , Moores Clothing For Men ( Canada ) , as well as new projects in development . '' Reuters '' ' , `` http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS129874+23-Sep-2008+BW20080923 '' , 23 September 2008 , retrieved 18 June 2009", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a14e0f7ea71d7fbf31af3f9dbcfe9d5", "text": "Kerr Drug Kerr Drug was an American chain of 76 drug stores throughout North Carolina . Its headquarters were located in Raleigh , North Carolina . On September 10 , 2013 , Walgreens announced its purchase of Kerr . The company was founded in Raleigh by Banks Kerr in 1951 . The chain was operating 97 stores when it was acquired in 1995 by JCPenney . In 1996 , when JCPenney attempted to purchase Eckerd Drug , the FTC forced JCPenney to divest itself of 34 former Kerr Drug stores and 130 Rite Aid stores . These stores were ultimately purchased by a group led by former Thrift Drug executives led by Anthony Civello who became Kerr Drug 's President & CEO who left the JCPenney organization following the Eckerd acquisition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0ab3c4b607bc9da5936bcbd4abfeb5e", "text": "MFI Group MFI Group Limited was a British furniture retailer , operating under the MFI brand . The company was one of the largest suppliers of kitchens and bedroom furniture in the United Kingdom , and operated mainly in retail parks in out of town locations . Anecdotally it was said at one stage that one in three Sunday lunches in the UK were cooked in an MFI kitchen and 60 % of British children were conceived in an MFI bedroom . After success in its early decades , it experienced recurring financial problems accompanied by several changes of ownership , and on 26 November 2008 , it was announced that the business had been placed into administration . Merchant Equity Partners , headed by Henry Jackson , was the last company to own it , before it was sold to the management in September 2008 for a `` small profit '' . The business ceased trading by 19 December 2008 after the administrators failed to find a buyer . It struggled to make profits during the 2000s , as chains such as B&Q and Argos introduced their own furniture lines , and rival chain IKEA ( who arrived in the United Kingdom in the last half of the 1980s ) expanded . Following its closure , the MFI brand was purchased by Victoria Plumb , and was relaunched as an online only retailer on 30 November 2011 only for it to cease trading again in July 2015 . Following a rebrand in 2015 , Victoria Plumb became VictoriaPlum.com and announced that it was to expand into other home product categories . As part of this expansion , VictoriaPlum.com announced on 17 March 2016 that it was set to revive the MFI brand name , to represent its exclusive collection of low-cost , value-for-money bedroom furniture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f729211af68922fab246a5b438845f61", "text": "Rainbow Shops Rainbow Shops , commonly referred to as just Rainbow is a privately held , moderately priced American retail apparel chain comprising several lifestyle brands primarily targeting teens and young women . The company is headquartered in Brooklyn , NY .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1eb1a09d9e6ffcbd7a8cafff5ace7aa0", "text": "Target Corporation Target Corporation is the second-largest discount store retailer in the United States , behind Walmart , and a component of the S&P 500 Index . Founded by George Dayton and headquartered in Minneapolis , Minnesota , the company was originally named Goodfellow Dry Goods in June 1902 before being renamed the Dayton 's Dry Goods Company in 1903 and later the Dayton Company in 1910 . The first Target store opened in Roseville , Minnesota in 1962 while the parent company was renamed the Dayton Corporation in 1967 . It became the Dayton-Hudson Corporation after merging with the J.L. Hudson Company in 1969 and held ownership of several department store chains including Dayton 's , Hudson 's , Marshall Field 's , and Mervyn 's . Target established itself as the highest-earning division of the Dayton-Hudson Corporation in the 1970s ; it began expanding the store nationwide in the 1980s and introduced new store formats under the Target brand in the 1990s . The company has found success as a cheap-chic player in the industry . The parent company was renamed the Target Corporation in 2000 and divested itself of its last department store chains in 2004 . It suffered from a highly publicized security breach of customer data and the failure of its short-lived Canadian subsidiary in the early 2010s but experienced revitalized success with its expansion in urban markets within the United States . As of 2017 , Target operates 1,806 stores throughout the United States . Their retail formats include the discount store Target , the hypermarket SuperTarget , and `` flexible format '' stores previously named CityTarget and TargetExpress before being consolidated under the Target branding . Target is often recognized for its emphasis on `` the needs of its younger , image-conscious shoppers , '' whereas its rival Walmart more heavily relies on its strategy of `` always low prices . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
ff2ed118ccc720b340e14b9dde9eb0d6	The protector of young girls was called Artemis.	[ { "docid": "2dc257c0a15c19f45cc3e518c0d5ccd6", "text": "Artemis Artemis ( -LSB- ˈɑːrtᵻmᵻs -RSB- Ἄρτεμις , Modern Greek : Άρτεμις , Ártemis , -LSB- ár.te.mis -RSB- ) was one of the most widely venerated of the Ancient Greek deities . Her Roman equivalent is Diana . Some scholars believe that the name , and indeed the goddess herself , was originally pre-Greek . Homer refers to her as Artemis Agrotera , Potnia Theron : `` Artemis of the wildland , Mistress of Animals '' . The Arcadians believed she was the daughter of Demeter . In the classical period of Greek mythology , Artemis was often described as the daughter of Zeus and Leto , and the twin sister of Apollo . She was the Hellenic goddess of the hunt , wild animals , wilderness , childbirth , virginity and protector of young girls , bringing and relieving disease in women ; she often was depicted as a huntress carrying a bow and arrows . The deer and the cypress were sacred to her . In later Hellenistic times , she even assumed the ancient role of Eileithyia in aiding childbirth .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f628d4b4ec036087a983370a04d203c1", "text": "Levana Levana ( from Latin levare , `` to lift '' ) is an ancient Roman goddess involved in rituals pertaining to childbirth . Augustine says that dea Levana is invoked when the child is lifted de terra , from the earth or ground . Her function may be paralleled by the Greek Artemis Orthia , if interpreted as the Artemis who lifts or raises children . It is sometimes supposed that Levana was invoked in a ceremony by which the father lifted the child to acknowledge it as his own , but the existence of such a ceremony is based on tenuous evidence and contradicted by Roman law pertaining to legitimacy of birth . More likely , Levana was the goddess who oversaw the lifting of the child by the midwife immediately after birth . Kneeling or squatting was a more common position for childbirth in antiquity , and the newborn probably came to rest on the ground before the umbilical cord was cut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "124dd70d6b120cdeccce2ddb8aa1cda3", "text": "Eileithyia Eileithyia or Ilithyia ( -LSB- ɪlᵻˈθaɪ.ə -RSB- Εἰλείθυια , Ἐλεύθυια ( Eleuthyia ) in Crete , also Ἐλευθία ( Eleuthia ) or Ἐλυσία ( Elysia ) in Laconia and Messene , and Ἐλευθώ ( Eleuthō ) in literature ) was the Greek goddess of childbirth and midwifery . In the cave of Amnisos ( Crete ) she was related with the annual birth of the divine child , and her cult is connected with Enesidaon ( the earth shaker ) , who was the chthonic aspect of the god Poseidon . It is possible that her cult is related with the cult of Eleusis ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "742fa6483898bb7e8f7b953a916bd128", "text": "Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves Goddesses , Whores , Wives , and Slaves : Women in Classical Antiquity is a 1975 feminist history book by Sarah Pomeroy . The work covers the lives of women in antiquity from the Greek Dark Ages to the death of Constantine . The book was one of the first English works on women 's history in any period . It has been used as a textbook in many university-level courses on women in classical antiquity . When the book was first published , reviewers commented that Pomeroy 's work was an improvement on previous treatments of women in classical antiquity , such as J. P. V. D. Balsdon 's Roman Women , and it was praised for its lack of `` polemical bias '' . Marylin Arthur thought that Goddesses , Whores , Wives , and Slaves was `` important '' , and particularly praised the chapter on women in the Hellenistic period as `` the high point of her book '' . However , Daphne Nash criticised Pomeroy 's work for its `` poor level of historical argumentation '' and for Pomeroy refusing to give her own opinion on disputed points . She concluded that Goddesses , Whores , Wives , and Slaves ultimately `` failed to transcend the limitations of its predecessors '' . Goddesses , Whores , Wives , and Slaves is now considered to be a turning point in the study of women in ancient history . In 1994 , Edith Hall said that it `` marked the inauguration of women 's studies within classics '' ; in the same year , Shelley Haley wrote that it `` legitimized the study of Greek and Roman women in ancient times '' . Lin Foxhall , writing about the historiography of gender in classical antiquity , has described Pomeroy 's book as `` revolutionary '' , and `` a major step forward '' compared to existing scholarship on women in the ancient world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d0cb24f1c81a324a922288b69cf21e4", "text": "Beroe (mythology) Beroe ( Greek : Βερόη ) in Greek mythology is a nymph of Beirut , the daughter of Aphrodite and Adonis , and sister of Golgos . She was wooed by both Dionysus and Poseidon , eventually marrying Poseidon . At the birth of Beroe , Hermes acted as the midwife and assisted in the delivery of Beroe then the Virgin Astraia ( lady of justice ) took the infant Beroe and fed her with the wise breast and told her words of law , feeding her honey and washing her with sacred water . As she grew up , she was highly regarded as an outstanding beauty and destined to marry Poseidon . Eros struck her twice with arrows of love and a confrontation took place for her love . Beroe wore no ornaments or make-up , and she was not vain and never examined herself in the mirror . Beroe was a mortal but often her beauty was compared to that of goddesses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5f3d82e42eb30c7403de54648ce4421", "text": "Juno (mythology) Juno ( Iūnō -LSB- ˈjuːnoː -RSB- ) is an ancient Roman goddess , the protector and special counselor of the state . She is a daughter of Saturn and sister ( but also the wife ) of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Mars and Vulcan . Juno also looked after the women of Rome . Her Greek equivalent was Hera . Her Etruscan counterpart was Uni . As the patron goddess of Rome and the Roman Empire , Juno was called Regina ( `` Queen '' ) and , together with Jupiter and Minerva , was worshipped as a triad on the Capitol ( Juno Capitolina ) in Rome . Juno 's own warlike aspect among the Romans is apparent in her attire . She often appeared sitting pictured with a peacock armed and wearing a goatskin cloak . The traditional depiction of this warlike aspect was assimilated from the Greek goddess Athena , whose goatskin was called the ` aegis ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1704b4bb8b51a0b9aca4c6371995ce3f", "text": "Amazonius Apollo Amazonius ( Gr . Ἀμαζόνιος ) was a cultic epithet of the Greek god Apollo , under which he was worshiped , and had a temple at Pyrrhichus in Laconia . The name was derived either from the belief that the mythological Amazons had penetrated into the Peloponnese region as far as Pyrrhichus , or that they themselves had founded Apollo 's temple there . The sole known reference to this etymology , in Pausanias ' Description of Greece , is an oddity in the study of the Amazon mythological tradition . It is strange to hear of the Amazons in Laconia , a region in no way associated with the usual tale of their invasion of Attica . Pausanias suggests a large Amazonian army halted there , which is also at odds with the Boeotian mythological tradition which indicates only a few Amazons were separated from the host after their defeat by Theseus . Secondly , this Apollo is mentioned as a companion of the goddess Artemis , which was also unusual , and which has led some scholars to speculate that `` Apollo Amazonius '' indicates not the traditional Greek Apollo , but a distinctly non-Hellenic deity , possibly that of the more Asiatic peoples of Laconia , Lycia , Phrygia and Crete , prior to Hellenic colonization . The name `` Apollo '' across different regions of classical antiquity often referred to slightly different entities with varying attributes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6880d9a5e2d449b893d0285a902c0fc7", "text": "Thalia (Grace) __ NOTOC __ Thalia ( Θαλία Thalía , `` Abundance '' ) , in ancient Greek religion , was one of the three Graces or Charites with her sisters Aglaea and Euphrosyne . They were usually found dancing in a circle . They were the daughters of Zeus and either the Oceanid Eurynome or Eunomia , goddess of good order and lawful conduct . Thalia was the goddess of festivity and rich banquets . The Greek word thalia is an adjective applied to banquets , meaning rich , plentiful , luxuriant and abundant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36fdfa09d6454910ad10524e91c2f8bd", "text": "Nerites (mythology) In Greek mythology , Nerites was a minor sea deity , son of Nereus and Doris ( apparently their only male offspring ) and brother of the fifty Nereids . He is described as a young boy of stunning beauty . According to Aelian , Nerites was never mentioned by epic poets such as Homer and Hesiod , but was a common figure in the mariners ' folklore . Aelian also cites two versions of the myth concerning Nerites , which are as follows . In one of the versions , Aphrodite , even before her ascension from the sea to Olympus , fell in love with Nerites . When the time had come for her to join the Olympian gods , she wanted Nerites to go with her , but he refused , preferring to stay with his family in the sea . Even the fact that Aphrodite promised him a pair of wings did not make him change his mind . The scorned goddess then transformed him into a shellfish and gave the wings to her son Eros . Nerea , one of his sister nereids , found him and begged Poseidon to give him back his normal form . Poseidon accepted and returned Nerites to normal . In the other version , Nerites was loved by Poseidon and answered his feelings . From their mutual love arose Anteros ( personification of reciprocated love ) . Poseidon also made Nerites his charioteer ; the boy drove the chariot astonishingly fast , to the admiration of various sea creatures . But Helios , for reasons unknown to Aelian 's sources , changed Nerites into a shellfish . Aelian himself supposes that Helios might have wanted the boy for himself and was offended by his refusal . Like the first version , Nerea , found him and begged Poseidon to give him back his normal form . Poseidon took pity on her and returned Nerites to his original shape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01146d59644da7f40d77a6fe7127124c", "text": "Soteria (mythology) In Greek mythology , Soteria was the goddess or spirit ( daimon ) of safety and salvation , deliverance , and preservation from harm ( not to be mistaken for Eleos ) . Soteria 's male counterpart was the spirit or daimon Soter . Both Zeus and Dionysus were titled Soter , so either may have been her father ; her mother is unknown . She had a sanctuary and a statue made in her honor in the town of Patrae , which was believed to have been founded by Eurypylos of Thessaly . Various texts mention the creation of her sanctuary , for example : Pausanias , Description of Greece 7 . 24 . 3 ( trans . Jones ) ( Greek travelogue 2nd century AD ) : '' -LSB- In Aigion in Akhaia ( Aegium in Achaea ) -RSB- they also have a sanctuary of Soteria ( Safety ) . Her image may be seen by none but the priests , and the following ritual is performed . They take cakes of the district from the goddess and throw them into the sea , saying that they send them to Arethousa at Syrakousa ( Syracuse ) . '' Pausanias , Description of Greece 7 . 19 . 7 & 21 . 7 : `` Eurypylos -LSB- the hero of the Trojan War -RSB- opened the chest -LSB- containing a sacred idol of Dionysos -RSB- , saw the image , and forthwith on seeing it went mad . He continued to be insane for the greater part of the time , with rare lucid intervals ... There is a sanctuary -LSB- in Patrai in Akhaia ( Patrae in Achaea ) -RSB- with an image of stone . It is called the sanctuary of Soteria ( Deliverance ) , and the story is that it was originally founded by Eurypylos on being cured of his madness . '' Ovid , Fasti 3 . 879 ff ( trans.Boyle ) ( Roman poetry 1st century BC to 1st century AD ) : `` March 30 Comitialis . When the shepherd feeds and pens his kids four more times and the grasslands whiten with four fresh dews , Janus should be worshipped and gentle Concordia ( Concord ) , Salus Romana ( Safety of Rome ) and the Ara Pacis ( Altar of Peace ) . '' Soteria was depicted as a woman wearing a laurel wreath crown , a symbol of victory . In Roman mythology , Soteria is known as Salus ( Preservation ) ; however , Salus 's domain more heavily featured physical well-being and health rather than security and safety . The Bible 's use of Soteria indicates its etymology from Greek mythology , as the word is used to mean `` fourfold salvation : saved from the penalty , power , presence and most importantly the pleasure of sin . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16fea718965af80bfd7b10a6d31811f2", "text": "Chalceia The Chalkeia festival ( also spelled Chalceia ) , the festival of Bronze-workers , was a religious festival devoted to the goddess Athena . It was celebrated on the last day of Pyanopsion ( October or November in the Attic calendar ) . The festival celebrated Athena and Hephaestus , in honor of both gods as patron deities of Athens , and as deities of handicrafts . Each year , preparations were begun for a specialized peplos ( a robed garment worn by Greek women ) which was made to be offered to the goddess at another festival , the Panathenaea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9833b5b783e7c643179c09c32ef8383b", "text": "Brauron The sanctuary of Artemis at Brauron ( Hellenic : Βραυρών or Βραυρώνα Vravrona or Vravronas ) is an early sacred site on the eastern coast of Attica near the Aegean Sea in a small inlet . The inlet has silted up since ancient times , pushing the current shoreline farther from the site . A nearby hill , c. 24 m high and 220 m to the southeast , was inhabited during the Neolithic era , c. 2000 BCE , and flourished particularly from Middle Helladic to early Mycenaean times ( 2000 -- 1600 BC ) as a fortified site ( acropolis ) . Occupation ceased in the LHIIIb period , and the acropolis was never significantly resettled after this time . This gap in the occupation of the site lasted from LHIIIb ( 13th century ) until the 8th century BCE . Brauron was one of the twelve ancient settlements of Attica prior to the synoikismos of Theseus , who unified them with Athens . The cult of Artemis Brauronia connected the coastal ( rural ) sanctuary at Brauron with another ( urban ) sanctuary on the acropolis in Athens , the Brauroneion , from which there was a procession every four years during the Arkteia festival . The tyrant Pisistratus was Brauronian by birth , and he is credited with transferring the cult to the Acropolis , thus establishing it on the statewide rather than local level . The sanctuary contained a small temple of Artemis , a unique stone bridge , cave shrines , a sacred spring , and a pi-shaped stoa that included dining rooms for ritual feasting . The unfortified site continued in use until tensions between the Athenians and the Macedonians the 3rd century BCE caused it to be abandoned . After that time , no archaeologically significant activity occurred at the site until the erection of a small church in the 6th century CE . Votive dedications at the sanctuary include a number of statues of young children of both sexes , as well as many items pertaining to feminine life , such as jewelry boxes and mirrors . Large numbers of miniature kraters ( krateriskoi ) have been recovered from the site , many depicting young girls -- either nude or clothed -- racing or dancing . The Archaeological Museum of Brauron -- located around a small hill 330 m to the ESE -- contains an extensive and important collection of finds from the site throughout its period of use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e14d707a0f5e95bf11e0292fb9679ff3", "text": "Arachidamia Arachidamia ( c. 340-241 BC ) was a wealthy Spartan queen , wife of Eudamidas I , mother of Archidamus IV and Agesistrata , grandmother of Eudamidas II , great-grandmother and grandmother of Agis IV . The earliest accounts of her depict her leading Spartan women against Pyrrhus during his siege of Lacedaemon in the 3rd century BC . In the face of Pyrrhus 's invasion , the Spartan Gerousia considered sending the Spartan women to Crete for their safety . Arachidamia , speaking on behalf of the Spartan women , entered the Gerousia , `` with sword in hand , '' and contested this proposal , questioning whether the Spartan women were expected to survive the ruin of their own city . With the matter settled , the Spartans initiated the construction of a defensive trench running parallel to Pyrrhus 's camp . It is likely that Arachidamia helped direct the Spartan women in this respect , since it is reported that the Spartan women impressively `` completed with their own hands a third of the trench . '' Consequently , it is likely that Arachidamia led the efforts of Spartan women during the subsequent battle against Pyrrhus , as they are noted for supplying the defenders with weapons and refreshment during combat , and extracting wounded from the battlefield . Later records of Arachidamia date three decades later , with her assisting in the revolutionary designs of her grandson Agis IV , as he attempted to restore Lycurgan institutions to a Sparta then thoroughly corrupted by wealth and greed . Because Arachidamia and Agesistrata were the wealthiest two people in all of Lacedaemon , Arachidamia 's support of Agis was instrumental in gaining support for the cause . She was among those who first pledged to contribute their wealth to a common pool , which was then to be distributed equally amongst both old and new Spartan citizens . However , these revolutionary designs were foiled by the corruption of Agis 's uncle and erstwhile supporter , Agesilaus , and the machinations of a rival party , led by the Agiad King , Leonidas II . Leonidas and the Ephors had Agis illegally imprisoned and executed , unbeknownst to a mob that had gathered out of concern and a possible desire to see him freed . Arachidamia and Agesistrata were subsequently lured into the prison on the premise that they were to see Agis ; and there they too both met their ends at the hands of their political rivals . Considering that she must have born her son Archidamus IV before 320 BC , at the time of her execution in 241 BC she was probably far in her nineties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a01cef33e143ab6f6bd799d6124a3244", "text": "Moirai In Greek mythology , the Moirai or Moerae -LSB- ˈmɪrˌiː -RSB- or -LSB- ˈmiːˌriː -RSB- ( Μοῖραι , `` apportioners '' ) , often known in English as the Fates ( Fatae ) , were the white-robed incarnations of destiny ; their Roman equivalent was the Parcae ( euphemistically the `` sparing ones '' ) . Their number became fixed at three : Clotho ( spinner ) , Lachesis ( allotter ) and Atropos ( unturnable ) . They controlled the mother thread of life of every mortal from birth to death . They were independent , at the helm of necessity , directed fate , and watched that the fate assigned to every being by eternal laws might take its course without obstruction . The gods and men had to submit to them , although Zeus 's relationship with them is a matter of debate : some sources say he is the only one who can command them ( the Zeus Moiragetes ) , yet others suggest he was also bound to the Moirai 's dictates . In the Homeric poems Moira or Aisa , is related with the limit and end of life , and Zeus appears as the guider of destiny . In the Theogony of Hesiod , the three Moirai are personified , daughters of Nyx and are acting over the gods . Later they are daughters of Zeus and Themis , who was the embodiment of divine order and law . In Plato 's Republic the Three Fates are daughters of Ananke ( necessity ) . It seems that Moira is related with Tekmor ( proof , ordinance ) and with Ananke ( destiny , necessity ) , who were primeval goddesses in mythical cosmogonies . The ancient Greek writers might call this power Moira or Ananke , and even the gods could not alter what was ordained . The concept of a universal principle of natural order has been compared to similar concepts in other cultures like the Vedic Rta , the Avestan Asha ( Arta ) and the Egyptian Maat . In earliest Greek philosophy , the cosmogony of Anaximander is based on these mythical beliefs . The goddess Dike ( justice , divine retribution ) , keeps the order and sets a limit to any actions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e80b803e785ce37129a4c399df0cc393", "text": "Ourea In Greek mythology , the Ourea ( Oὔρεα `` mountains , '' plural of Oὖρος ) were progeny of Gaia , members of the Greek primordial deities , who were the first-born elemental gods and goddesses , children of Gaia : And she brought forth long hills , graceful haunts of the goddess Nymphs who dwell amongst the glens of the hills . The nine ourea , Aitna , Athos , Helikon , Kithairon , Nysos , Olympus , Oreios , Parnes , and Tmolus , like Uranus , and Pontus , were parthenogenetic offspring of Gaia alone . The Greeks rarely personified an individual mountain ; an exception might be Tmolus , both a king and a mountain in Lydia . Each mountain was said to have its own local nymph , an oread . Peak sanctuaries , a feature of Minoan civilization on Crete , are also identified in some archaic sites in mainland Greece . They are not thought to be dedicated to the mountain itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0dd77477e2c06d589fb8da27c982ad41", "text": "Astyanax In Greek mythology , Astyanax ( -LSB- əˈstaɪ.ənæks -RSB- Ἀστυάναξ Astyánax , `` protector of the city '' ) was the son of Hector , the crown prince of Troy and husband of Princess Andromache of Cilician Thebe . His birth name was Scamandrius ( in Greek : Σκαμάνδριος Skamandrios , after the river Scamander ) , but the people of Troy nicknamed him Astyanax ( i.e. high king , or overlord of the city ) , because he was the son of the city 's great defender ( Iliad VI , 403 ) and the heir apparent 's firstborn son . During the Trojan War , Andromache hid the child in Hector 's tomb , but the child was discovered . His fate was debated by the Greeks , for if he were allowed to live , it was feared he would avenge his father and rebuild Troy . In the version given by the Little Iliad and repeated by Pausanias ( x 25.4 ) , he was killed by Neoptolemus ( also called Pyrrhus ) , who threw the infant from the walls . Another version is given in Iliou persis , in which Odysseus kills Astyanax . It has also been depicted in some Greek vases that Neoptolemus kills Priam , who has taken refuge near a sacred altar , using Astyanax 's dead body to club the old king to death , in front of horrified onlookers . In Ovid 's Metamorphoses , the child is thrown from the walls by the Greek victors ( 13 , 413ff ) . In Euripides 's The Trojan Women ( 719 ff ) , the herald Talthybius reveals to Andromache that Odysseus has convinced the council to have the child thrown from the walls , and the child is in this way killed . In Seneca 's version of The Trojan Women , the prophet Calchas declares that Astyanax must be thrown from the walls if the Greek fleet is to be allowed favorable winds ( 365 -- 70 ) , but once led to the tower , the child himself leaps off the walls ( 1100 -- 3 ) . Other sources for the story of the Sack of Troy and Astyanax 's death can be found in the Bibliotheca ( Pseudo-Apollodorus ) , Hyginus ( Fabula 109 ) , Tryphiodorus ( Sack of Troy 644 -- 6 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60b1095f71541cbaee0b4761f8a356d5", "text": "Gerarai Gerarai , also known by the latinized form Gerarae , were priestesses of Dionysus ( Bacchus to the Romans ) in ancient Greek ritual . They presided over sacrifices and participated in the festivals of Theoinia and Iobaccheia that took place during the month of Anthesteria , among other duties . Fourteen in all , they were either sworn in by the Athenian basilinna or her husband , the archon basileus . One of their primary duties during the Anthesteria was to assist in performing the sacred marriage rites of the queen to Dionysus , and thus held to secrecy . According to a folk etymology , they were called Gerarai , from the Greek word γηράσκω , gerasko , `` I grow old '' , because older women were chosen for the role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "162bc253dbfcbde7d02b1227759c0a99", "text": "Halie Halie or Halia ( Greek : Ἁλίη , Ἁλία ; the difference in ending is merely due to dialectal variations ) is the name of the following characters in Greek mythology : Halie , one of the Nereids , daughter of Nereus and Doris Halia , a nymph who lived on an island that would later be named Rhodes after her only daughter , Rhodos ( or Rhode ) . Halia was the daughter of Thalassa , sister of the Telchines , and mother of Rhodos and six sons by Poseidon . Shortly after Aphrodite 's birth , the goddess was traveling the oceans . When Halia 's young sons arrogantly refused to let Aphrodite land upon their shore , the goddess cursed them with insanity . In their madness , they raped Halia . As punishment , Poseidon buried them in the island 's sea-caverns . Halia later threw herself into the sea ; Rhodians argue that she became the goddess Leucothea . However , Leucothea is identified with Ino in all other sources . Halia , daughter of Sybaris . In a sacred grove of Artemis , she encountered an enormous serpent that mated with her ; their offspring were the first members of the clan Ophiogeneis ( `` Serpent-born '' ) . Halie , daughter of Tyllus . She married Cotys , son of Manes , the first king of Lydia , bearing him two sons , Asies and Atys , king of Lydia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fe7d5c7a1bce5147abd3f78e2fbba3e", "text": "Pudicitia Pudicitia ( `` modesty '' or `` sexual virtue '' ) was a central concept in ancient Roman sexual ethics . The word is derived from the more general pudor , the sense of shame that regulated an individual 's behavior as socially acceptable . Pudicitia was most often a defining characteristic of women , but men who failed to conform to masculine sexual norms were said to exhibit feminizing impudicitia , sexual shamelessness . The virtue was personified by the Roman goddess Pudicitia , whose Greek equivalent was Aidos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f864dfa7ac66f64e70763ee1cd1484b", "text": "Agrotera Agrotera ( Gr . Ἀγροτέρα , `` the huntress '' ) was an epithet of the Greek goddess Artemis , and the most important goddess to Attic hunters . At Agrae on the Ilissos , where she was believed to have first hunted after her arrival from Delos , Artemis Agrotera had a temple , dating to the 5th century BC , with a statue carrying a bow . During the Boedromia , on the seventh day of Boedromion ( roughly , the beginning of September ) , an armed procession would take 600 goats to this temple , where they would all be sacrificed by the polemarch in honor of the victory at the Battle of Marathon . This rite derived from a vow made before the Battle of Marathon , which in turn derived from the custom of making a `` slaughter sacrifice '' , or sphagion , to Artemis Agrotera before a battle . The temple was destroyed in 1778 , when the Ottoman forces occupying Athens set about demolishing ancient sites for building material to construct a wall around the city . The ruins of the temple survive today on Ardettou Street , tightly surrounded by modern buildings . There is an ongoing campaign for the expropriation of adjacent buildings and the restoration of the temple . Under this name she was also worshiped at Aigeira , Sparta , and elsewhere . The name Agrotera is synonymous with the epithet Agraea , but Eustathius derives it from the town of Agrae . This epithet was also sometimes applied to the nymph Cyrene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abde76ca24510222fd27045f73f9298c", "text": "Hilaeira In Greek mythology , Hilaera ( Ἱλάειρα also Ilaeira ) was a daughter of Leucippus and Philodice . She and her sister Phoebe are commonly referred to as Leucippides ( that is , `` daughters of Leucippus '' ) . Hilaera and Phoebe were priestesses of Artemis and Athena , and betrothed to Lynceus and Idas , the sons of Aphareus . Castor and Pollux were charmed by their beauty and carried them off . When Idas and Lynceus tried to rescue their brides-to-be they were both slain , but Castor himself fell . Pollux persuaded Zeus to allow him to share his immortality with his brother . Hilaera married Castor and bore him a son , named either Anogon or Anaxis . Hilaera and Phoebe are both portrayed in The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus painting .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bdeae4f67d738b3f9fa76e2b5f184199	Patrick Wilson was born in the 1970's.	[ { "docid": "e3bdca80dfb4affc9153afc1ad3af4ed", "text": "Patrick Wilson (American actor) Patrick Joseph Wilson ( born July 3 , 1973 ) is an American actor and singer . He spent his early career starring in Broadway musicals , beginning in 1995 . He is a two-time Tony Award nominee for his roles in The Full Monty ( 2000 -- 2001 ) and Oklahoma ! ( 2002 ) . In 2003 , he appeared in the HBO miniseries Angels in America for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie . Wilson has also appeared in feature films such as The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) , Little Children ( 2006 ) , Watchmen ( 2009 ) , Insidious ( 2010 ) , Insidious : Chapter 2 ( 2013 ) , and as demonologist Ed Warren in James Wan 's supernatural horror films The Conjuring ( 2013 ) and The Conjuring 2 ( 2016 ) , the latter four earning him a reputation as a `` scream king '' . On television , he starred in the CBS drama series A Gifted Man ( 2011 -- 2012 ) , and as Lou Solverson in the second season of FX 's anthology series Fargo ( 2015 ) , for which he received a second Golden Globe Award nomination . He has been cast as Orm Marius/Ocean Master in the DC Extended Universe superhero film Aquaman ( 2018 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8eaadddb147d9722280eb3e9bd651524", "text": "Peter Wilson (record producer) Peter Wilson is a British record producer . Amongst several others , Wilson worked with The Style Council , Sham 69 and The Comsat Angels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b85d532d7cf7692540600f659ea9cfbb", "text": "Peter Wilson (singer) Peter Wilson ( born 9 March 1973 in Melbourne ) is an Australian singer , recording artist , songwriter and producer . His work is heavily influenced by the 80 's Italo Disco and PWL pop sound . Peter Wilson released a string of singles in Australia between 1994 and 1999 , scoring a few hits with the songs `` Into The Night '' and `` I Wan na Dance '' . However , he retired to focus on writing tracks for acts as diverse as Amanda Lear and Samantha Fox . In 2007 , Peter Wilson returned with the album Follow Me , released by the UK dance label Klone records . In 2010 Wilson signed to another UK label Energise Records . He got the opportunity to work with the Stock Aitken Waterman associates , engineers Dave Ford and Ian Curnow , who co-wrote and produced tracks on Wilson 's next album release Stereo , released in 2011 . Peter Wilson has since released three more solo albums , the latest being Overdrive in 2017 . Peter Wilson has worked with the Dutch producer Matt Pop , Stock Aitken Waterman 's head mixmaster Pete Hammond , Norwegian pop team A2E , German Spacesynth producer Marco Rochowski , and other producers such as Italoconnection and Mirko Hirsch . As a songwriter and producer Peter Wilson has also worked with Amanda Lear , Carol Jiani , Haywoode , Nicki French , Sammy Paul , Massive Ego and Sabrina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "598952ae4683c4bfa7e8247cbe3187e1", "text": "Robert McCartney (Northern Irish politician) Robert Law McCartney , QC ( born 24 April 1936 ) is a Northern Irish barrister and a former leader of the UK Unionist Party . He was initially a member of the Ulster Unionist Party but was expelled in June 1987 when he refused to withdraw from the general election of that year . He stood against the incumbent Popular Unionist Party MP Sir James Kilfedder in North Down as a `` Real Unionist '' but failed to win the seat . In the 1995 by-election in North Down after the death of Kilfedder he was elected as a `` UK Unionist '' defeating the Ulster Unionist Party candidate . He subsequently established the United Kingdom Unionist Party to contest elections to the Northern Ireland Forum and the related talks which started in 1996 . The other party representatives to the Forum were Dr Conor Cruise O'Brien and Cedric Wilson , a former low-level DUP member in the 1980s . McCartney retained his Westminster seat in the 1997 election . He opposed the subsequent Belfast Agreement in the May 1998 referendum and his party won five seats in the Assembly elections later that year ( McCartney himself in North Down , Cedric Wilson in Strangford , Patrick Roche in Lagan Valley , Norman Boyd in South Antrim and Roger Hutchinson in East Antrim ) . However , Wilson , Roche , Boyd and Hutchinson parted company with McCartney in December 1998 because of their leader 's so-called ` exit strategy ' from the Northern Ireland Assembly in the event of Sinn Féin being allowed seats in the new Northern Ireland Government . McCartney denounced them , saying all four ` were famous in their own living rooms ' and that their supporters ` could fit into a telephone box . ' In 2008 both Wilson and Boyd attended meetings of Jim Allister 's Traditional Unionist Voice . In 1999 , Robert McCartney ran for the party in elections to the European Parliament , winning 2.9 % of the first preference vote . He lost his Westminster seat in the 2001 election to the UUP candidate Lady Hermon . He was committed to a policy of integration for Northern Ireland , whereby legislative devolution for Northern Ireland would no longer be Westminster 's abiding policy , there would be no Stormont legislative assembly and the province would be a fully participating part of the United Kingdom ; at the same time the three main British political parties would fully organise in Northern Ireland . He was the president of the Campaign for Equal Citizenship in 1986 , and led it in its four years of prominence after the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement . McCartney resigned as head of the Campaign for Equal Citizenship in 1988 over a dispute with its executive . These integrationist policies , once popular in some sections of Unionism , receded with the introduction of devolution to Scotland and Wales , and the creation of a functioning Northern Ireland Assembly . However it is the case that other parts of the United Kingdom with devolved assemblies are fully covered by the three main British political parties , but not in Northern Ireland . McCartney also strongly opposed the St Andrews Agreement and in 2007 stood on an anti-agreement ticket in six different constituencies . He lost his own seat in North Down , polling 1,806 first preference votes ( 5.9 % of the total , and less than half the quota required to be elected ) . He also obtained 360 votes ( 1.2 % ) in Belfast North , 388 votes ( 0.8 % ) in Fermanagh and South Tyrone , 853 votes ( 2.0 % ) in Lagan Valley , 893 votes ( 2.3 % ) in South Antrim and 220 votes ( 0.5 % ) in West Tyrone He claims to have retired from politics following the loss of his seat in the 2007 Assembly Election to Brian Wilson of the Green Party . However , he still occasionally makes media appearances and writes newspaper articles and in October 2009 , Robert McCartney was guest speaker at the Traditional Unionist Voice party conference in Belfast , where he spoke on the situation surrounding the primary school transfer test , brought about by a Sinn Féin Education Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "441f6e867023f400da7bd12b073e53bc", "text": "Tom Wilson (New York politician) Tom Wilson ( born September 4 , 1963 ) is the Mayor of Tuxedo Park , New York and a 2012 Democratic candidate for the United States Congress in New York 's newly re-drawn 18th District , which is composed of all Orange and Putnam Counties and parts of Westchester and Dutchess Counties . Wilson 's father was a United States Navy fighter pilot in Vietnam , a TWA pilot for 30 years , and also a member of the Airline Pilot 's Union . Wilson himself attended public elementary school where he met his wife Alyssa in the 5th grade . After going through the Darien Public School System , Wilson was accepted into Bowdoin College and later worked in Bridgeport , CT , building inner-city public-private partnerships . For the last 11 years , he has worked in the financial services industry in Manhattan . He previously worked as an independent commodity trader on the floor of the New York Board of Trade at the World Trade Center . Wilson got his start in public service when he co-founded the Tuxedo Land Trust ( TLT ) in 2006 when he saw a $ 15 billion real estate developer trying to cut down 2,300 acres of forest to build 2,000 homes , and threaten contamination of drinking water for hundreds of thousands in the Ramapo River and Tuxedo Lake . Wilson currently serves as the Managing Director of TLT . In 2010 Wilson was elected to the Village of Tuxedo Park Board of Trustees and shortly thereafter elected Elected Mayor of Tuxedo Park in 2011 . In January 2012 , Wilson announced his candidacy for United States Congress and has been campaigning in the Democratic Primary in hopes of unseating incumbent Republican Congresswoman Nan Hayworth . The Democratic Primary date is set for June 26 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bac81881d390283c47f6fc1710f7c86", "text": "Ralph Wilson Ralph Cookerly Wilson Jr. ( October 17 , 1918 -- March 25 , 2014 ) was the founder and owner of the Buffalo Bills , a team in America 's National Football League ( NFL ) . He was one of the founding owners of the American Football League ( AFL ) , the league with which the NFL merged in 1970 , and was the last of the original AFL owners to own his team . At the time of his death he was the oldest owner in the NFL , at age 95 , and the third-longest tenured owner in NFL history ( over 54 years , behind the 63 years George Halas owned the Chicago Bears and almost equal to the 55 years Art Rooney owned the Pittsburgh Steelers , although Rooney 's ownership and team operations were interrupted in the 1940s due to some complicated dealings ) . He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3543c8b26b8d891f2250e3503491863c", "text": "Patrick Caddell Patrick Hayward `` Pat '' Caddell ( born May 19 , 1950 ) is an American public opinion pollster and a political film consultant who served in the Carter White House , and in many other presidential campaigns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ade04bdab18757f92aa00c34864cb0e", "text": "Pat Ahearne Patrick Howard Ahearne ( born December 10 , 1969 ) is a former professional baseball pitcher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8069269c128de03933e91bb7a1d1c17", "text": "Harry L. Wilson Harry L. Wilson ( born 1957 ) is a Pennsylvania State University and Rutgers University alumnus . He was employed as a bartender during his undergraduate and graduate school time . Wilson is professor of political science at Roanoke College and director of the college 's Center for Community Research . He is the author of the book , Guns , Gun Control , and Elections : The Politics and Policy of Firearms ( Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group , Inc , 2006 ) . Guns , Gun Control , and Elections explains how current gun control policy was adopted by discussing the roles and interactions of elected officials , interest groups , political parties , and the citizens . By examining arguments for and against stricter gun control , the book helps the reader interpret and understand current research on guns and their uses and gun control . The book provides insights into how the public perceives the issue of guns and gun control and how the issue is portrayed in the news media . In both instances , Wilson 's conclusions , based on his own research , differ to some degree from the conventional wisdom . For example , while the public tends to support various forms of gun control legislation , they hold out little hope that such laws will reduce gun violence . Coverage of the issue in the national news media tends to be mostly objective , but when there is a bias it is almost always in favor of gun control . While the National Rifle Association receives a great deal of attention in the news , its portrayal is much more likely to be negative than positive . Wilson devotes a chapter of the book specifically to gun policy in the Commonwealth of Virginia A sabbatical in 2003 provided Wilson the time to attend several Virginia General Assembly sessions where he interviewed legislators and lobbyists . According to Wilson , because of Virginia 's proximity to the nation 's capital and the diversity of its citizens , and because it is home to the National Rifle Association , the state is in a position to influence national gun control policy . Wilson views guns as `` tools '' that may be used for recreation , protection , or crime , with the purpose being defined by the gun 's owner . Self admittedly his conclusions lean towards arguments for gun rights . Guns , Gun Control , and Elections offers insight into the complexities of the issues and constituents that drive gun policy decisions . Wilson challenges the reader to think about the issues . `` A wonderful introduction to the far-reaching significance of fire-arms in America , Wilson 's work is a very good supplement for an Introduction to American Politics class '' writes John M. Bruce , associate professor of political science , at the University of Mississippi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60a5f1736ac52d00cbaf596c9600ac77", "text": "A. N. Wilson Andrew Norman Wilson ( born in 1950 ) is an English writer and newspaper columnist , known for his critical biographies , novels , works of popular history and religious views . He is an occasional columnist for the Daily Mail and former columnist for the London Evening Standard , and has been an occasional contributor to the Times Literary Supplement , New Statesman , The Spectator and The Observer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8c437b6f8bf66ada0c65811b835b534", "text": "Patrick Pinney Patrick Pinney ( born June 30 , 1952 ) is an American voice actor and actor . Pinney has provided voices for a number of animated characters , including Mighty Mouse in the short-lived Mighty Mouse : The New Adventures ( 1987 -- 1988 ) , Pa Gorg , Uncle Traveling Matt , Flange Doozer , and `` Additional Voices '' in the animated version of Fraggle Rock , Chico the Bouncer in the hybrid live-action/animated film Cool World ( 1992 ) , the speaking voice of Painty the Pirate from the opening theme of SpongeBob SquarePants ( 1999 -- present ) and Wormguy and Idikiukup in Men in Black : The Series . He supplied the voice of the Fish Ghoulie in the 1987 film Ghoulies III : Ghoulies Go To College and voiced Stan in the video game The Curse of Monkey Island . Pinney has appeared on the stop-motion animation show Robot Chicken as He-Man , Arnold Schwarzenegger , Sylvester , Monterey Jack , Ted Kennedy , Dick Cheney , and O. J. Simpson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "990c3ae1e71002856a0d683df01a1dfb", "text": "Northern Ireland Unionist Party The Northern Ireland Unionist Party ( NIUP ) was a small political party in Northern Ireland . It was formed in January 1999 as a splinter party from the UK Unionist Party ( UKUP ) . This split was caused by disagreement between the five UKUP members of the Northern Ireland Assembly . Four of the members disagreed with UKUP leader Robert McCartney 's policy of resigning from the Assembly should Sinn Féin become part of the power-sharing executive . Cedric Wilson , Patrick Roche , Norman Boyd and Roger Hutchinson disagreed with McCartney , wanting to remain in the Assembly to challenge unionists in favour of the Belfast Agreement . McCartney disciplined these members in their absence and , in response , they left the UKUP and formed the NIUP . Led by Wilson , the new party argued that it had the support of the grassroots membership of the UKUP , but McCartney disputed this . Subsequently , Hutchinson left the NIUP on 30 November 1999 , sitting as an independent Unionist for a period before joining the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) . He then left the DUP and unsuccessfully contested the 2003 Assembly Election as an independent Unionist . The NIUP opposed the Belfast Agreement and the reformation of the Royal Ulster Constabulary to the Police Service Northern Ireland . They described their position as `` principled unionism . '' In its first electoral test , the party polled very poorly in the 2001 General Election and in local elections held on the same day , winning no Westminster or council seats . In the 2003 Assembly Election , the NIUP won no seats at all . The NIUP consistently a low level of support and mainly contested the constituencies represented by its four Assembly members . In 2001 , it received 1,794 votes in the general election and 1,818 votes in the local elections . This fell to 1,350 in the 2003 Assembly election . Its share of the vote across Northern Ireland was around 0.2 % in each case . The party 's submission of accounts for 2004 stated that the party was `` inactive '' during this period and there is no evidence of subsequent activity . Wilson stood as an independent candidate in the Strangford constituency at the 2007 Assembly Election where he polled 305 votes ( 0.8 % ) , thus finishing last out of the fifteen candidates . The NIUP voluntarily deregistered as a political party on 10 March 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "314753ead401b14197071d0965d80c4b", "text": "Patrick Breen Joseph Patrick Breen ( born October 26 , 1960 ) is an American actor , playwright and screenwriter . He has acted primarily on TV but has also appeared in numerous films , as well as on Broadway and Off Broadway . In 2010 , he starred on Broadway in Next Fall . He is currently playing Andrew Munsey , Director of the Central Intelligence Agency , on the CBS drama Madam Secretary . He was originally hired to voice Splatter and Dodge in Thomas & the Magic Railroad but was cut and was replaced by Neil Crone and Kevin Frank . In a July 2012 interview with Metro Weekly Patrick Breen stated , `` I identify as one of the LGBT people '' and agreed with the interviewer who referred to Breen coming out as bisexual .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fd7c683a05e14b8cb85e7be596a3b06", "text": "Jimmy Wilson (politician) James H. Wilson , known as Jimmy Wilson ( January 31 , 1931 -- November 19 , 1986 ) was a pro-business Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1972 to 1976 , who is most remembered in politics for having switched affiliation to the Republican Party in 1978 and then coming within 266 disputed votes of winning a historically Democratic seat in the U.S. House of Representatives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93464828a07acbeddeee9448afab1703", "text": "Dan Patrick Daniel Patrick Pugh ( born May 15 , 1956 ) , known professionally as Dan Patrick , is an American sportscaster , radio personality , and actor from Mason , Ohio . He hosts The Dan Patrick Show broadcast on radio on Premiere Radio Networks and on television on NBCSN as well as The Audience Network for DIRECTV subscribers . He also co-hosts NBC 's Football Night in America and serves as a senior writer for Sports Illustrated . He worked at ESPN for 18 years , where he often anchored the weeknight and Sunday 11 p.m. edition of SportsCenter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "431ca20bd78d7fbb73c5824b2f47dd7b", "text": "Pacific Vibrations Pacific Vibrations is a 1970 surfing documentary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcd1e2df145ae5a91691b9a76adfda30", "text": "Jackie Wilson Said (I'm in Heaven When You Smile) `` Jackie Wilson Said ( I 'm in Heaven When You Smile ) '' is a song written and performed by Van Morrison and featured as the opening track on his sixth studio album , Saint Dominic 's Preview . It was released by Warner Bros. in July 1972 as the first of three singles from the album and charted at number sixty-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Jackie Wilson Said '' was covered by Dexys Midnight Runners on their album Too-Rye-Ay and reached number five on the UK Singles Chart when released in 1982 . It has been covered by several other artists , including David Campbell , Syl Johnson , Tommy McLain and Darby O'Gill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5391246eaa8933b11f17a6310a6c4b76", "text": "Wilson Pickett In Philadelphia Wilson Pickett in Philadelphia is the eleventh studio album by singer Wilson Pickett released in 1970 . After cutting many of his earlier albums in the Deep South ( Memphis and Muscle Shoals ) , Pickett headed to Philadelphia to work with Gamble and Huff . The result was Wilson Pickett in Philadelphia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e01f837dcd8f496ae7711a62ddf9fc99", "text": "Bronswell Patrick Bronswell Dante Patrick ( born September 16 , 1970 in Greenville , North Carolina ) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher . He also played in several international leagues . After Patrick pitched at D. H. Conley High School in Winterville , North Carolina , the Oakland Athletics selected him with the 593rd overall pick of the 1988 June draft , as part of the 23rd round . Patrick started out with the Phoenix Athletics in the Arizona League and pitched in Oakland 's system until , when he left as a minor league free agent . Patrick had agreed to play as a `` replacement player '' in the wake of the 1994 baseball strike , but his Major League debut was postponed when the two sides struck a deal . He continued to pitch in the minor leagues for affiliates of the Houston Astros and Milwaukee Brewers , and on May 18 , 1998 he finally broke in as a reliever for the Brewers . He spent the majority of that season with the Brewers , pitching 78 innings while appearing mostly in relief . He collected four wins and one loss , struck out 49 batters , and posted a 4.69 earned run average . In a game on August 1 , he hit a home run against Félix Rodríguez , becoming the first Brewers pitcher to hit a home run since Skip Lockwood in . In a September 13 game against the Chicago Cubs , Patrick surrendered a home run to Sammy Sosa , during Sosa 's chase of the record for single-season home runs . The home run in question was Sosa 's 61st of the season , tying the previous mark set by Yankees outfielder Roger Maris , and placing him one behind McGwire , who had hit his 62nd on September 8 . Later in the same game , Sosa would hit his 62nd against Eric Plunk to pull into a tie with McGwire . After the season , the Brewers removed Patrick from their roster , and he joined the San Francisco Giants organization . Working as a starter for their AAA affiliate , the Fresno Grizzlies , Patrick set a Fresno record with 14 wins . The Giants rewarded him for his good work with a September callup , and he appeared in six games for them , picking up a win and a save despite a 10.12 ERA . The Giants removed him from their roster after the season , but Patrick has continued to pitch professionally . He was one of the top pitchers in the Mexican League in , with his 13-2 record helping the Mexico City Red Devils win their 14th championship . Most recently , he spent part of with the Tabasco Olmecas and Yucatán Lions of that same league , then joined the Brother Elephants of the Chinese Professional Baseball League . In a 2000 interview with the Calgary Sun , Patrick was quoted as saying , `` I 'm going to continue to try and pitch as long as I can . Until they come and tell me they 're taking the uniform away , and even then they 're not getting it without a fight . '' In between , Patrick played winter ball with the Leones del Caracas and Tiburones de La Guaira clubs of the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League in three seasons spanning 1997 -- 2005 , and for the Samsung Lions of Korea Professional Baseball in 2002 . In 2008 , Patrick joined the staff of the AZL Padres as the team 's pitching coach . He also worked in the same capacity for the Single-A Fort Wayne TinCaps of the Midwest League in the 2010 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e48b0fc7129f8b21478aeb851f62223f", "text": "That's Not Me `` That 's Not Me '' is a song written by Brian Wilson and Tony Asher for American rock band the Beach Boys , the third track from their 1966 album Pet Sounds . It is a work influenced by psychedelic drugs that inspired Wilson to turn his attention inward and probe his deep-seated self-doubts . Wilson explained that the song `` reveals a lot about myself , just the idea that you 're going to look at yourself and say , ` Hey , now look , that 's not me , kind of square off with yourself and say ` this is me , that 's not me ' . '' It is the only track on Pet Sounds that resembles a conventional rock song . The song 's structure contains multiple key modulations and mood shifts . On its recording , Mike Love shares lead vocal with Wilson , who plays the track 's prominent , buzzing organ . Brian 's brothers Carl and Dennis also contribute guitar and drums , respectively . Other band members sing backing vocals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b9fd1784771551b6d17f0be43480963", "text": "Protestant Action Force The name Protestant Action Force ( PAF ) was used by loyalists , especially members of the Ulster Volunteer Force ( UVF ) , to claim responsibility for a number of paramilitary attacks during the Troubles . It was first used in this context in 1974 , and has since been used to claim the killings of at least 41 Catholic civilians . It has been suggested that PAF was a covername used by a semi-independent group ( or groups ) within the UVF who were carrying out attacks on their own initiative or without the sanction of the UVF leadership . Almost all of the attacks claimed by the PAF took place in North Belfast/Newtownabbey and the area of County Armagh/Tyrone known as the `` murder triangle '' . The name was first used during 1974 -- 1976 . All of the attacks in Armagh/Tyrone during this period have been linked to the Glenanne gang . This was a group comprising members of the Mid Ulster UVF , British soldiers from the Ulster Defence Regiment ( UDR ) -LSB- Citation Needed -RSB- , and police officers from the Royal Ulster Constabulary ( RUC ) . The name was revived in 1982 . In the 1980s , the PAF claimed about 15 attacks in the Belfast area and two in Armagh . UDR soldiers were convicted of the two Armagh attacks . The PAF claimed its last attacks in the early 1990s . All were in north Armagh and there have been allegations of security force involvement in them . On 24 November 1974 , shortly after the name first appeared , an interview with three unidentified men was published in the Sunday World . They claimed to represent a loyalist group that had existed since 1971 , was made up of former British soldiers and had killed 28 people in the past two months . When asked if they belonged to the PAF they replied `` no comment '' . Later in the interview they stated : `` You can say we are members of the Mid-Ulster unit of the Protestant Task Force '' . Former British Intelligence officer Colin Wallace claimed that the three men were known to British Intelligence and were involved in the Dublin-Monaghan bombings , which has been linked to the Glenanne gang . In a September 1975 letter , Wallace states that most of the loyalist killings in Armagh/Tyrone in 1975 , including the Miami Showband killings , were carried out by the Protestant Task Force or PTF . He states there are rumours the group is linked to the Special Duties Team based at British Army HQ in Lisburn . This was a team of British soldiers involved in undercover operations . The name PAF was used to claim responsibility for the following attacks : 1970s 10 October 1974 : Killing of Catholic civilian Albert Lutton , who was shot dead at a house in Newtownabbey , County Antrim . 11 October 1974 : Killing of Catholic civilian James Hasty , who was shot dead as he walked to work along Brougham Street , north Belfast . 18 October 1974 : Exploding a bomb outside a Catholic school in Belfast , injuring 12 people ( including children ) . 18 October 1974 : Shooting two Catholic street-sweepers in Belfast . 27 October 1974 : Killing of Catholic civilian Anthony Duffy . His body was found at the back of a farmhouse at Mullantine , near Portadown , County Armagh . He had been beaten , strangled and then shot by UVF members after taking a lift from Lurgan to Portadown , together with a friend who managed to escape . 8 November 1974 : Killing of Catholic civilian Paul Armstrong . He was found shot dead in a derelict bakery on Byron Street , north Belfast . This was claimed as retaliation for the Guildford pub bombings . 9 November 1974 : Killing of Catholic civilians Patrick Courtney and William Tierney . They were shot dead at a garage owned by Courtney near Templepatrick , County Antrim . 12 November 1974 : Killing of Catholic civilian Michael Brennan . He was shot dead at St Mary Youth Centre on Carolan Road , south Belfast . 20 November 1974 : Gun attack on Falls Bar at Aughamullen , near Clonoe , County Tyrone . Catholic civilian Patrick Falls was killed and another wounded . UDR soldier James Somerville , a member of the Glenanne gang , was convicted for the attack . It was claimed as retaliation for the killing of a Royal Ulster Constabulary ( RUC ) officer in Craigavon earlier that day . 1 April 1975 : Killing of Catholic civilian Dorothy Trainor . She and her husband were shot by at least two gunmen as they walked through a park near Garvaghy Road , Portadown . Two of her sons were later killed by loyalists . The attack has been linked to the Glenanne gang . 3 April 1975 : Killing of Catholic civilian Martin McVeigh . He was shot dead near his home at Ballyoran Park , off the Garvaghy Road in Portadown , as he cycled home from work . Alleged RUC agent Robin Jackson -- a member of the Glenanne gang -- was later arrested in possession of the murder weapon , but the RUC did not question or charge him with the murder . 5 April 1975 : Bomb attack on McLaughlin 's bar in the New Lodge area of north Belfast . Catholic civilians Kevin Kane and Michael Coyle were killed . 11 April 1975 : Killing of Catholic civilian Owen Boyle . Gunmen shot him through the window of his house in Glencull , near Aughnacloy , County Tyrone . He died on 22 April 1975 . The attack has been linked to the Glenanne gang . 21 April 1975 : Killing of Catholic civilians Marion Bowen ( who was eight months pregnant ) , and her brothers Seamus McKenna and Michael McKenna . They were killed by a booby-trap bomb left in Bowen 's house at Killyliss , near Granville , County Tyrone . Seamus and Michael were renovating the house , which had been unoccupied for almost a year . The attack has been linked to the Glenanne gang . 27 April 1975 : Gun attack on a social club in Bleary , County Down . Gunmen burst into the Catholic-frequented darts club and opened fire indiscriminately . Catholic civilians Joseph Toman , John Feeney and Brendan O'Hara were killed and ten others were wounded . The attack has been linked to the Glenanne gang . 14 May 1975 : An attempted bomb attack on the Catholic-owned Hill Tavern in Belfast . A 15 lb bomb was thrown into the pub but the security guard kicked it outside before it exploded . Seven were wounded by the blast . 21 May 1975 : A bomb attack on the Christian Brothers Past Pupils Union building on Antrim Road in north Belfast . 22 May 1975 : Killing of Catholic civilian Gerald D'Eath . He was killed by a booby-trap bomb hidden in a flask at the building site where he was working on Hightown Road , Newtownabbey . 23 May 1975 : Killing of Catholic brothers John and Thomas McErlane ; both civilians . A Protestant work colleague had lured them to a flat in Mount Vernon , north Belfast . The two brothers had been playing cards when gunmen forced them to lie face-down and shot them in the head . 19 June 1975 : Killing of Catholic civilian Francis Bradley . He was killed by a bomb left in an oil can at a filling station on Great Patrick Street , north Belfast . 20 June 1975 : Killing of Catholic civilian Anthony Molloy . He was shot dead at his home on Ballymena Street , north Belfast . 22 June 1975 : Killing of Catholic civilian Hugh Brankin . He was found shot dead on the road to the Knockagh Monument , near Newtownabbey . 24 August 1975 : Killing of Catholic civilians Colm McCartney and Sean Farmer , who were found shot dead at Altnamachin , near Newtownhamilton , County Armagh . They were driving home from a Gaelic football match in Dublin when they were apparently stopped at a fake military checkpoint by men in British Army uniform . They were found shot dead a short distance away . RUC officer John Weir claims that a fellow RUC officer confessed to partaking in the attack , alongside a UDR soldier and UVF members . The attack has been linked to the Glenanne gang . 4 January 1976 : Reavey and O'Dowd killings . At about 6pm , gunmen broke into the Reavey family home in Whitecross , County Armagh . They shot brothers John , Brian and Anthony Reavey ; all Catholic civilians . John and Brian were killed outright while Anthony died of a brain hemorrhage less than a month later . Twenty minutes after the shooting , gunmen broke into the O'Dowd family home in Ballydougan , about twenty miles away . They shot dead Joseph O'Dowd and his nephews Barry and Declan O'Dowd . All three were members of the SDLP . Barney O'Dowd was wounded by gunfire . The attack has been linked to the Glenanne gang . RUC officer Billy McConnell admitted taking part in the Reavey killings and accused RUC reserve officer James Mitchell of being involved too . According to Weir , UDR Corporal Robert McConnell was the lead gunman in the Reavey killings and Robin Jackson was the lead gunman in the O'Dowd killings . 1980s 24 October 1982 : Killing of Catholic civilian Joseph Donegan . He was kidnapped and beaten-to-death in an alley off Brookmount Street in the Shankill area of Belfast . The killing was carried out by Lenny Murphy and two other members of the Shankill Butchers . It was claimed as retaliation for the IRA 's kidnapping and killing of a UDR soldier in Glenanne . Murphy was himself killed by the IRA on 16 November . 25 October 1982 : Killing of civilian Sinn Féin member Peter Corrigan . He was shot from a passing car while walking along Loughgall Road , Armagh . A UDR soldier , who was also a UVF member , was convicted of the murder and for six other attempted murders . 20 November 1982 : Killing of Catholic civilian Michael Fay . He was found shot in his car on Mount Regan Avenue , Dundonald . The PAF claimed it was retaliation for the killing of Lenny Murphy and vowed to kill another three Catholics to avenge his death . 23 April 1983 : Bomb attack on the Hole-in-the-Wall pub in Belfast , which was frequented by Catholics . There were no injuries . 29 October 1983 : Killing of civilian Workers ' Party member David Nocher . He was shot dead while cleaning a shop window on Mill Road , north Belfast . 8 November 1983 : Killing of Catholic civilian Adrian Carroll . He was shot dead outside his home on Abbey Street , Armagh . In 1986 , four UDR soldiers -- the `` UDR Four '' -- were convicted of the murder . 5 December 1983 : Killing of Irish National Liberation Army volunteer Joseph Craven . He was shot from a passing motorbike on Church Road , Newtownabbey . 31 October 1984 : Killing of Catholic civilian Harry Muldoon . He was shot dead at his home on Mountainview Drive , north Belfast . 23 November 1984 : Killing of civilian Sinn Féin member William McLaughlin . He was shot dead on Church Road , Newtownabbey ; the same place where Joseph Craven was killed the year before . 10 July 1986 : Killing of Catholic civilian Brian Leonard . He was shot while working at a building site on Snugville Street , in the Shankill area of Belfast , and died on 12 July . 14 July 1986 : Killing of Catholic civilian Colm McCallan . He was shot near his home on Millview Court in north Belfast and died on 16 July . 19 July 1986 : Killing of Catholic civilian Martin Duffy . A taxi driver , he was shot dead when lured to a bogus pickup at Chichester Park , north Belfast . 16 September 1986 : Killing of Catholic civilian Raymond Mooney . He was shot dead in the grounds of Holy Cross Roman Catholic Church in the Ardoyne area of north Belfast . This was claimed as retaliation for the killing of UVF member John Bingham two days before . 17 September 1986 : Killing of Catholic civilian Joseph Webb . He was shot dead at his amusement arcade in Smithfield , north of Belfast city centre . 15 May 1988 : Gun attack on the Avenue Bar on Union Street , north of Belfast city centre . Three Catholic civilians were killed : Stephen McGahon , Damian Devlin and Paul McBride . 8 August 1988 : Killing of Catholic civilians Seamus Morris and Peter Dolan . They were shot from a passing car while walking along Brompton Park and Etna Drive in the Ardoyne area of north Belfast . 10 March 1989 : Killing of Catholic civilian James McCartney . A security man , he was shot dead outside the Orient Bar on Springfield Road , Belfast . 1990s 7 January 1990 : Killing of Catholic civilian Martin Byrne . A taxi driver , he was found shot dead in his car at Aghacommon , near Lurgan , north County Armagh . The PAF claimed it was retaliation for the killings of loyalist militants Harry Dickey and Robert Metcalfe . 6 October 1990 : Killing of Catholic civilian Denis Carville . He was shot while sitting in a car with his girlfriend at Oxford Island , near Lurgan , north County Armagh . This was believed to be a retaliation for the shooting of a UDR soldier at the same spot on 23 September 1990 . It has been alleged that the killing was organized by RUC officers and carried out by Mid Ulster UVF leader Billy Wright . 24 October 1990 : Killing of Catholic civilian Francis Hughes . A taxi driver , he was found shot dead in his burnt out car on Derryane Road , near Maghery , north County Armagh . This was claimed as retaliation for the killing of Protestant taxi driver in Belfast : UVF member William Aitken . 28 March 1991 : Killing of three Catholic civilians at a mobile shop in Craigavon , north County Armagh . Two teen girls ( Eileen Duffy , Katrina Rennie ) and a man ( Brian Frizzell ) were shot dead . This was claimed as retaliation for the alleged shooting and wounding of a Protestant woman . It has been claimed that alleged RUC agent Robin Jackson was involved in the attack . Investigative journalist Paul Larkin suggested that it was organized by Jackson upon receiving complaints from UDR soldiers after they had been refused service and insulted by the mobile shop employees . In The Committee , journalist Sean McPhilemy alleges that the attack was organized by RUC officers and carried out by Jackson .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1141bacd742537f08010dec854378d5a	John Kiffmeyer is an artist.	[ { "docid": "59c884617cfe3149b29fc733d4576ea4", "text": "John Kiffmeyer John Kiffmeyer ( born July 11 , 1969 ) , known professionally in music as Al Sobrante , is an American musician , best known as the former drummer for the punk rock band Green Day . His name of Al Sobrante is a reference to his hometown , El Sobrante . His work with Green Day resulted in about 961,000 albums sold , which are mostly from the compilation album 1,039 / Smoothed Out Slappy Hours .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7952171efe42dd67430ad943e348a789", "text": "Style (visual arts) In the visual arts , style is a '' ... distinctive manner which permits the grouping of works into related categories '' . or '' ... any distinctive , and therefore recognizable , way in which an act is performed or an artifact made or ought to be performed and made '' . It refers to the visual appearance of a work of art that relates it to other works by the same artist or one from the same period , training , location , `` school '' , art movement or archaeological culture : `` The notion of style has long been the art historian 's principal mode of classifying works of art . By style he selects and shapes the history of art '' . Style is often divided into the general style of a period , country or cultural group , group of artists or art movement , and the individual style of the artist within that group style . Divisions within both types of styles are often made , such as between `` early '' , `` middle '' or `` late '' . In some artists , such as Picasso for example , these divisions may be marked and easy to see , in others they are more subtle . Style is seen as usually dynamic , in most periods always changing by a gradual process , though the speed of this varies greatly , between the very slow development in style typical of prehistoric art or ancient Egyptian art to the rapid changes in modern art styles . Style often develops in a series of jumps , with relatively sudden changes followed by periods of slower development . After dominating academic discussion in art history in the 19th and early 20th centuries , so-called `` style art history '' has come under increasing attack in recent decades , and many art historians now prefer to avoid stylistic classifications where they can .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5771b4a40a4d9cae5bbd942701061761", "text": "John Singleton Copley John Singleton Copley ( 1738 -- September 9 , 1815 ) was an American painter , active in both colonial America and England . He was probably born in Boston , Massachusetts , to Richard and Mary Singleton Copley , both Anglo-Irish . He is famous for his portrait paintings of important figures in colonial New England , depicting in particular middle-class subjects . His portraits were innovative in their tendency to depict artifacts relating to these individuals ' lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec8a2e4ecfa443c213bc9b1fce635e0f", "text": "Jonathan David Katz Jonathan David Katz ( born 1958 ) is an American activist , art historian , educator and writer , he is currently the director of the doctoral program in Visual culture studies at State University of New York at Buffalo . He is also the former executive coordinator of the Larry Kramer Initiative for Lesbian and Gay Studies at Yale University . He is a former chair of the Department of Lesbian and Gay studies at the City College of San Francisco , and was the first tenured faculty in gay and lesbian studies in the United States . Katz was an associate professor in the Art History Department at the State University of New York at Stony Brook , where he also taught queer studies . He received his Ph.D. from Northwestern University in 1996 . Katz is the founder of the Harvey Milk Institute , the largest queer studies institute in the world , and the Queer Caucus for Art of the College Art Association . Katz co-founded Queer Nation San Francisco . He has made scholarly contributions to queer studies the focus of his professional career . He was the first artistic director of the National Queer Arts Festival in San Francisco and has published widely in the United States and Europe . His forthcoming book , The Homosexualization of American Art : Jasper Johns , Robert Rauschenberg and the Collective Closet , will be published by the University of Chicago Press . An internationally recognized expert in queer postwar American art , Katz has recently published `` Jasper Johns ' Alley Oop : On Comic Strips and Camouflage '' in Schwule Bildwelten im 20 . Jahrhundert , edited by Thomas Roeske , and `` The Silent Camp : Queer Resistance and the Rise of Pop Art , '' in Plop ! Goes the World , edited by Serge Guilbaut . In 1995 , Katz was kicked out of Rauschenberg conference at the Guggenheim for mentioning Rauschenberg 's relationship with Johns . Katz was co-curator with David C. Ward and Jenn Sichel of the exhibition `` Hide/Seek : Difference and Desire in American Portraiture '' at the National Portrait Gallery , Washington . This was the first major museum exploration of the impact of same-sex desire in the creation of modern American portraiture . David Wojnarowicz 's video `` A Fire in My Belly '' was removed from the exhibition on November 30 , 2010 , causing controversy . Katz was not consulted before the work 's removal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf86c8a81dc8f2c0271c4d6d7791f591", "text": "John Butler (artist) John Davidson Butler ( 1890 -- 1976 ) , was an American artist from Seattle , Washington . He worked primarily as a painter , but later also as a printmaker and ceramicist . Butler was one of three Seattle artists who worked together under the name `` The Triad '' . The others were etcher Roi Partridge and miniaturist Clare Shepard Shisler . Also in their circle were photographer Imogen Cunningham ( who used Butler and the others extensively as models , and later married Partridge ) , and painters Mabel Lisle Ducasse and Yasushi Tanaka . As a youth , Butler studied in Seattle under Carlotta Blaurock , who had been , in turn , a student of James McNeill Whistler . He also studied with Ella Shepard Bush ( founder in 1894 of the Seattle Art School ) and other local artists . Some of his early work was exhibited at Seattle 's 1909 Alaska -- Yukon -- Pacific Exposition . In 1910 , he followed Partridge to New York , where two of Butler 's watercolors were shown at the American Watercolor Society exhibition at the National Academy of Design . The two traveled on to Europe where Butler studied at the Colorossi Academy in Paris and also studied in Germany . Returning to America , he continued his studies under William Merritt Chase , at a summer 1914 class in Carmel , California . There , he shared a first prize from Chase with a fellow Seattle artist , Louise Crow . Upon returning home , he had a successful solo exhibition at the Seattle Fine Arts Society , which was a predecessor to the Seattle Art Museum . He offered private classes , and also became the first teacher of painting at the Cornish School , later Cornish College of the Arts . His students included Kenneth Callahan and Thomas Handforth . He served in the military in World War I ; after the war , he remained primarily in Europe until 1932 , periodically sending works for exhibition in Seattle . While in Europe he began making woodcuts and blockprints , which were exhibited at the Northwest Printmakers Society in Seattle , among other venues . Returning the U.S. , he taught at a variety of institutions in Seattle , Minneapolis , Virginia , and Pennsylvania . He received a Bronze Medal in a national figure composition competition at Washington , D.C. 's Corcoran Gallery in 1938 . In the early 1940s , he began working in ceramics . Butler produced numerous murals in Seattle and elsewhere and illustrations for local Seattle publications . He also wrote articles and worked with arts organizations to promote art in Seattle . Butler rarely signed his works , so it is not always readily apparent what works are his . Some of the early works when he was associated with `` The Triad '' bear a triangular cipher . He sometimes signed his work with his initials , `` J.B. '' The Seattle Art Museum 's collection includes a painting by Butler , depicting a couple resting on the banks of Lake Washington on a Summer Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fab3f04a4467af0e9225ea508c81044", "text": "John Nelson Battenberg John Nelson Battenberg ( December 3 , 1931 -- July 8 , 2012 ) was an American sculptor . Battenberg was born in Milwaukee , Wisconsin in 1931 . An artist named John Goray first influenced him when Battenberg was about 10 years old . Battenberg did his undergraduate work in art at various Midwestern universities . He also attended the Ruskin School , Oxford University for two years . He received M.F.A. 's from Michigan State University and California School of Arts and Crafts . Battenberg has resided in both Italy and England . He was a professor of sculpture at San José State University and now holds the title of professor emeritus . He left his professorship to pursue his sculpture full-time . In 2007 , Battenberg returned to painting for a number of reasons , one of which was a leg injury which eventually prevented him from sculpting . The Honolulu Museum of Art , the Krannert Art Museum ( University of Illinois , Champaign , Illinois ) , the National Museum of Wildlife Art ( Jackson Hole , Wyoming ) , the Oakland Museum of California ( Oakland , California ) the San Diego Museum of Art , the Seattle Art Museum ( Seattle , Washington ) , the Syracuse University Art Collection ( Syracuse , New York ) , the Triton Museum of Art ( Santa Clara , California ) , and Phoenix University ( Phoenix , Arizona ) are among the public collections holding his work . In 2009 John began using a technique utilizing a series of layers of painted images sandwiched between an equal number of 1/8 '' layers of optically clear plastic resin ; creating a three dimensionality . Battenberg successfully moved his Koi to Arizona from California in 2006 ; some of his exotic Koi subjects are over 30 years old . Battenberg 's Koi are the subjects of his 3D paintings . John Battenberg lived his final years in Scottsdale , with his wife Lynn , two cats , an aviary of birds , and twenty-seven Koi fish contained in two outdoor ponds . He died on July 8 , 2012 , in Scottsdale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cf5a3235259fd9f95442e8828065938", "text": "John Balossi John Balossi ( May 28 , 1931 -- April 8 , 2007 ) was a painter and sculptor . Born in New York City , he received his BFA and master 's degree at Columbia University in N.Y.C. . He was an associate Professor of Fine Arts at the University of Puerto Rico in Río Piedras . Balossi was also a ceramist and printmaker , and gave more than thirty one-man exhibitions in Puerto Rico , New York , and Paris , France . In his thematic , he was well known for his interpretations of horses . Remarkable were some of his xilos such as the series `` White Rider '' and the enormous `` Moonscape '' ( on discarded paper ) unfortunately lost . His work can be found in the Museum of Modern Art ( N.Y. ) ; Finch College Museum ( N.Y. ) ; Museum of Fine Arts ( Fort Lauderdale ) ; Chase Manhattan Fine Arts Center ; University of Massachusetts Amherst ; Ponce Art Museum ; and in many other public and private art collections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "211a21f600b2a43fe76704b769cd8d94", "text": "John August Swanson John August Swanson ( born January 11 , 1938 ) is an American visual artist working primarily in the medium of serigraphy , as well as oil , watercolor , acrylic , mixed media , lithography , and etching . Swanson studied with Corita Kent at Immaculate Heart College . He is the recipient of a Doctor of Humane Letters degree honoris causa from California Lutheran University . He has collaborated on a number of books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed4d427a7a14d8997264659dd01b497", "text": "Jerry Ott Jerry Duane Ott ( born 1947 ) is an American artist born in 1947 . He is best known for his photorealism work and creative use of painting surfaces . His latest technical development are paintings wrapped across two - and three-dimensional surfaces . They range from drawings a few inches wide to sculptural assemblages more than five feet tall and eight feet long . His paintings are more about the nature of art and the experience of seeing than about the subjects they depict . Jerry Ott is a true master airbrush artist and a leading painter in the ` Photo Realist ' school of painting that emerged in the 1960s . In the early 1970s Jerry Ott received a great deal of attention in his career as one of two such artists -- Hilo Chen being the other - dealing exclusively with the nude figure . If there ever were a subject ideally suited for rendering by an airbrush , it would be the human figure and the airbrush is the tool used to develop that `` feel '' of the human body -- skin that you think you can touch . Ott 's work has found international acclaim . His realistic paintings appear in the art capitals of Europe , Japan and as far a field as New Zealand . Among the prestigious Institutions that have acquired his works are New York City 's Metropolitan Museum of Art , the Smithsonian Institution , Washington , DC , the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and the Walker Art Center . In his recent paintings , the effects of light and shade , optical illusions , nubile woman and delicate flesh continue to fascinate Ott . In `` Pipe Dreams , '' he juxtaposes a pretty but unanimated girl with three banal lamps which refer to the mass-produced ceramic jars , vases and lamps sold as art . In Ott 's painting , however , the reflections in the porcelain lamp bases and shadows that play across the skin are least as important as the woman herself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d3277a57f90d2155ccb092945359c6", "text": "John McLaughlin (artist) John Dwyer McLaughlin ( May 21 , 1898 -- March 22 , 1976 ) was a highly pivotal and significant American abstract painter . Based primarily in California , he was a pioneer in minimalism and hard-edge painting . Long considered in California as one of the most significant artists of the postwar , McLaughlin painted a focused body of geometric works that are completely devoid of any connection to everyday experience and objects , inspired by the Japanese notion of the void . He aimed to create paintings devoid of any object hood including but not limited to a gestures , representations , figuration , and so on . This led him to the rectangle . Leveraging a technique of layering rectangular bars on adjacent planes , McLaughlin creates works that provoke introspection and , consequently , a greater understanding of one 's relationship to nature . Christopher Knight affirms `` McLaughlin is among the most profound avant-garde painters to work in the United States in the aftermath of the cataclysm that was World War II . He 's also Southern California 's first momentous postwar artist . Born in the closing years of the 19th century , he laid the foundation for the environmentally scaled wonders of 1960s Light and Space art , which ranks as Los Angeles ' most original contribution to high culture at the end of the 20th century ... McLaughlin began to paint just as its gestural extravagances and emotionally fraught chromatics began to coalesce into the New York School . In the wake of the Holocaust and Hiroshima , those artists stared straight into the void ... -LSB- McLaughlin 's -RSB- void is not an abyss of social and spiritual terror in which interior narratives of worldly experience can be told , as it was for Jackson Pollock or Mark Rothko . Instead , his is the negative space that allows consciousness to blossom and manifest itself . Their art is about inviting us into their deep perception , while his is about inviting us into our own . McLaughlin 's void is ma , the poetic space and interval between things that animate Japanese art '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afc418c215cdd3149dcfa0b0f94c06d3", "text": "Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics . Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity . The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6fd501350741a544e45b9f3691be8fc", "text": "James Metcalf James `` Jimmy '' Metcalf ( March 11 , 1925 -- January 27 , 2012 ) was an American sculptor , artist and educator . Metcalf established and led a community for copper artisans in Santa Clara del Cobre , Michoacán , Mexico , from the 1970s until his death in 2012 . Metcalf was born in New York City . His parents were both stained glass artists , most notably contributing to the windows for the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine . Metcalf took up art and sculpture as a teenager . He enlisted in the 88th Infantry Division of the United States Army , nicknamed the Blue Devils , when he was 18 years old . Metcalf fought in northern Italy during World War II , and lost three of his fingers during combat at Furlo Pass . Metcalf attended the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia and then enrolled at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London . He was awarded a fellowship to study ancient metallurgy and essentially moved to Deya , Majorca , in 1953 . There he befriended and collaborated with writer Robert Graves on his work , Adam 's Rib , published in 1955 . Metcalf lived in Paris from 1956 to 1965 , where he located his studio at the Impasse Ronsin . By 1965 , Metcalf was an accomplished sculptor , with a studio on Spring Street in SoHo . However , he was tired of contemporary art and moved to Mexico , including Mexico City . He became friends with prominent writers and artists , including Carlos Fuentes and Carlos Pellicer , and was the first to introduce Octavio Paz to Marcel Duchamp . Metcalf won the commission to forge the Olympic torch for the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City . He was married to Mexican actress Pilar Pellicer , his third wife , with whom he had two sons and one daughter . Metcalf later married Pilar Pellicar 's younger sister , sculptor Ana Pellicer , his fourth wife . Metcalf opened a studio and forge in 1967 , where he taught artists how to create vases with a thick edge called El Borde Greuso . In 1973 , Melcalf and Anna Pellicer founded Casa de Artesana and a school . which would become known as the Adolfo Best Maugard School of Arts and Crafts in Santa Clara del Cobre , to promote indigenous artists and pre-Columbian coppersmithing and forging techniques . Their work has been credited with preserving the metalworking of the region . Metcalf died in Santa Clara del Cobre , Michoacan , on January 27 , 2012 , at the age of 86 . He was survived by his wife , Ana Pellicer . He was buried in Santa Clara del Cobre , near several of his sculptures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fd85716921e78f6f275f3fbe58a5dc2", "text": "Lyman Kipp Lyman Emmet Kipp , Jr. ( December 24 , 1929 - March 30 , 2014 ) was a sculptor and painter who created pieces that are composed of strong vertical and horizontal objects and were often painted in bold primary colors recalling arrangements by De Stijl Constructivists . Kipp is an important figure in the development of the Primary Structure style which came to prominence in the mid-1960s . Kipp 's early work in the 1950s focused on geometric , plaster reliefs and cast bronzes ( see No. 1 - 1959 or Directional I ) . He moved on to large , geometric , welded pieces composed of post and beam elements emphasizing the vertical during the 1960s ( see Andy 's Cart Blanche , Muscoot or Hudson Bay ) . Finding it difficult to transport large , heavy , welded pieces , he turned to angled sections and sheets of steel and aluminum that could be bolted together on site . Typically the pieces were painted with bright colors and the thin edges were often defined with bright , complementary colors ( see Long Distance , Chicksaw or Kobi ) . In the late 1970s , Kipp 's steel sheets began to move into the air on thin legs ( see Lockport 1977 , Salute to Knowledge or Yoakum Jack ) . Kipp was a founding member of ConStruct , the artist-owned gallery that promoted and organized large-scale sculpture exhibitions throughout the United States . Other founding members include Mark di Suvero , Kenneth Snelson , John Raymond Henry and Charles Ginnever . Kipp 's health deteriorated and he died peacefully on March 30 , 2014 . His last known works were in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27c6d14aa2bbe366b4b8c6ed8e35f8c8", "text": "Philip Taaffe Philip Taaffe ( born 1955 ) is an American artist , who has shown his works all around the world . His work sometimes blended motifs from multiple cultures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44e5b5f06bbc2d30e0f2664bf8b60d03", "text": "John W. Norton John Warner Norton ( 7 March 1876 - 7 January 1934 ) was an Illinois muralist and easel artist who pioneered the field in the United States . Norton was born in Lockport , Illinois , the son of John Lyman Norton and Ada Clara Gooding Norton . The family ran the Norton & Co. of Lockport . Norton 's study of law at Harvard University was broken off when the family 's firm went bankrupt . Before , and after a period of living as a cowboy and enlisting with the Rough Riders , he studied art at the Art Institute of Chicago ( 1897 , 1899 -- 1901 ) ; he would later teach there . His students included Frances Badger . He was influenced by the Armory Show and the Japanese printmaker Katsushika Hokusai . Among his works are the landmark 1929 180 ft long ceiling mural for the concourse of the old Chicago Daily News Building ( mural not currently installed in this building , which has been renamed Riverside Plaza ; designed by architects Holabird & Root , 1929 ) ; the Ceres mural in the Chicago Board of Trade Building ( Holabird & Root , 1930 ) ; two large murals , `` Old South '' and `` New South '' commissioned by Holabird & Root for the Jefferson County Courthouse in Birmingham , Alabama ; his Tavern Club murals at the 333 North Michigan Ave. building , Chicago ( Holabird & Root , 1928 ) ; his American Heritage Series at the Hamilton Park Field House , 513 W. 72nd St. , Chicago ; four murals at the St. Paul , Minnesota city hall ; twelve murals comprising The History of Mankind ( 1923 ) at the Logan Museum of Anthropology at Beloit College , in Wisconsin ; and his first major mural in Chicago 's Cliff Dwellers Club ( 1909 ) , where he was a founding member . At the time of his death in Charleston , South Carolina of cancer , he was a popular and respected artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92017c79f0121b48de174a5d24acd6c0", "text": "Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop 's Grounds is an 1823 painting by the nineteenth-century landscape painter John Constable ( 1776 -- 1837 ) . This image of Salisbury Cathedral , one of England 's most famous medieval churches , is one of his most celebrated works , and was commissioned by one of his closest friends , John Fisher , The Bishop of Salisbury . Constable visited Salisbury in 1820 and made a series of oil sketches of the cathedral , which served as the model for this composition . The artist selected a viewpoint from the bishop 's garden and included figures of Dr. Fisher and his wife at the bottom left . Following its exhibition at the 1823 Royal Academy , Constable observed : `` My Cathedral looks very well ... It was the most difficult subject in Landscape I ever had upon my Easel . I have not flinched at the work of the windows , buttresses , & c. - but I have as usual made my escape in the Evanescence of the Chiaro-Oscuro '' . His patron took exception to the dark cloud over the cathedral , and when he commissioned a smaller replica , requested `` a more serene sky '' . The painting embodies the full range of qualities of a quintessentially British landscape painting -- the clouds , trees , a water meadow , cattle drinking at the edge of the pasture and the glorious architecture of a medieval cathedral -- but all on a human scale . Paintings like this one have so conditioned our view of rural Britain that it is now difficult to imagine a time when the countryside and country life were not held in such high regard . A version of the painting also resides at the Frick Collection in New York City . It is slightly different in that it shows different weather and hence light . Whereas the London version depicts the cathedral with an overcast sky , the version in the Frick shows the cathedral with a clear , bright sky . A small version of the painting resides at the Huntington Library in San Marino , California . John Fisher gave it to his daughter as a wedding present . There is an earlier , homonymous version ( 1821-1822 ) of this painting at São Paulo Museum of Art in São Paulo . It is said that Fisher , seeing its sombre and grave colors , disliked it and asked for a happier , lighter one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37c8ec59972288a36c5519d6f28c38b0", "text": "John E. Berninger John Emil Berninger ( December 13 , 1896 -- July 1981 ) was an American landscape painter and Pennsylvania impressionist . He lived and painted in Allentown , Pennsylvania , in the United States . As an artist , Berninger has been described as being `` in the outer ring of the New Hope School '' and a member of `` The Baum Circle , '' the group of artists either taught by , associated with , or directly influenced by Pennsylvania impressionist painter Walter Emerson Baum . Berninger studied under Orlando Gray Wales and Arlington Nelson Lindenmuth , and was a student of Baum 's first class in Allentown during the summer of 1926 . In 1932 , he became an art instructor at the Kline-Baum Art School . In 1934 , he was one of four Baum students ( along with Joseph Gehringer , Walter Mattern and Melville Stark ) accepted into the Circulating Picture Club of the Philadelphia Art Alliance . In 1936 , Berninger became the first curator of the Allentown Art Museum ( founded by Baum the previous year ) , and lived with his wife , Mabel , on the museum 's second floor until 1956 . Mabel Berninger assisted her husband in his role as curator at the museum , and also served as secretary for the Kline-Baum School 's Circulating Picture Club , a `` lending library '' for art . In 1939 , Berninger was made a partner in Wuchter and Berninger , a jewelry store located on Hamilton Street in center-city Allentown . To promote his works , Berninger would often place them in the window of his store . It was here that local publisher and humanitarian Robert Rodale became exposed to Berninger 's works . Many years later , the David E. Rodale Gallery at the Baum School of Art , named for Rodale 's son , held the first major exhibition of Berninger 's work . In the mid-1950s , Berninger 's work appeared on a series of calendars issued by the local newspaper , The Morning Call . During this time he frequently vacationed in Bar Harbor , Maine , an area which became the subject of many of his seascape paintings . In the late 1950s and early 1960s , his home - located across the street from Allentown 's picturesque West Park ( near the intersection of 15th and Turner Streets ) - became a frequent meeting place for local artists . For forty years , Berninger painted with Karl Buesgen , a local impressionist landscape artist , music teacher and church organist . The two spent nearly every Saturday visiting and talking , and every Sunday afternoon painting . This relationship continued until Berninger 's death in 1981 . Buesgen died later that same year . Berninger also painted with Baum , Melville Stark and Clarence Dreisbach on a regular basis . In 2004 , the David E. Rodale Gallery at the Baum School of Art held an exhibition of the Berninger 's work . During 2004 and 2005 , Berninger 's work was included in the Allentown Art Museum 's exhibit , `` Allentown Impressions : Views of City Parks . '' In 2006 , Berninger 's work was included in an exhibition at the David E. Rodale Gallery at the Baum School of Art highlighting the work of The Baum Circle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea6e7f53f36785675afe3bb4577f7828", "text": "Philip Krejcarek Philip Krejcarek is a Wisconsin-based fine-art photographer and artist . He teaches courses in photography and art history at Carroll University , where he is Chair of the program in Visual and Performing Arts . He has won both regional and national awards for his work as an artist , and has published on photography . Has written three books on photography , including An Introduction to Digital Imaging ( Cengage , 2002 ) , Digital Photography : A Hands on Introduction ( Van Nostrand Reinhold , 1996 ) , and Photography as a Fine Art ( Simon & Schuster , 1987 ) . His influences include notable American photographers , sculptors , and installation artists , including Sandy Skoglund , Jerry Uelsmann , and Arthur Tress . He is a recipient of a Wisconsin Arts Board grant for individual artists and regular presents at conferences such as the Society for Photographic Education . His work has been displayed in national exhibitions and has been included in collections at the Milwaukee Art Museum , The Denver Art Museum , Wustum Museum of Fine Arts , and the Haggerty Museum of Art . He has been showcased by the ACLU as an artist whose work has sparked debates about freedom of expression , and he continues to speak at national conferences . In 2013 , he received a prize for his photograph , `` On the Scuppernong Trail , '' in the Milwaukee Area Teachers of Art spring show . Krejcarek is also trained in sculpture , and his work was recently featured in the Lynden Sculpture Garden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87fc92e9ed4b41251122c2c90593a4d7", "text": "John Anster Fitzgerald John Anster Christian Fitzgerald ( 1823 ? -- 1906 ) was a Victorian era fairy painter and portrait artist . He was nicknamed `` Fairy Fitzgerald '' for his main genre . Many of his fairy paintings are dark and contain images of ghouls , demons , and references to drug use ; his work has been compared to the surreal nightmare-scapes of Hieronymus Bosch and Pieter Brueghel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14df66dab137fda8f98f78916b9da834", "text": "John Tuska John Tuska ( 1931 -- 1998 ) was an American artist and educator . He was best known as a sculptor and potter , but also as a draftsman , painter , designer and photographer . Tuska was born in Yukon , Pennsylvania , as the eighth of ten children . He was a professor at the University of Kentucky . His classes and workshops ( for the general public ) , had brought art to a wider audience . Tuska 's body of work can be found in collections and public spaces , both regionally and internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17094941a3380d230a4c16ffe6323100", "text": "Edward Kelly (painter) Edward Kelly ( born 1946 ) is a contemporary English painter . He was born in Liverpool , England in 1946 . He studied at Liverpool College of Art between 1963 -- 67 , during which time he studied in Italy under a Joohn Moores Travel Scholarship . He took a Higher Diploma at Birmingham College of Art between 1967 -- 68 , and taught at Chelsea College of Art from 1974 to 1996 . His solo exhibitions include the Bootle Art Gallery , Liverpool ( 1969 ) , the Camden Arts Centre , London ( 1982 ) , Air Gallery , London ( 1985 ) , Kapil Jariwala Gallery , London ( 1987 , 1991 ) , Arts in Mann Gallery , Isle of Man ( 1991 ) , Smith Janwala Gallery , London ( 1994 ) , Courtyard , Hereford ( 2005 ) , Martin 's Gallery , Cheltenham ( 2006 ) , House of Manannan and Manx Museum , Isle of Man ( 2012 ) , Artwave West , Dorset ( 2012 ) . In 1969 he exhibited with Sylvia Goth at the Bluecoat Gallery , Liverpool as a John Moore 's scholar . In 1980 he exhibited with Simon Willis at Bedford Way Gallery in London . In 1999 to 2001 he exhibited in group shows at Culture Gallery , Broadway , New York . In 2012 he filmed an interview with playwright Peter Terson , excerpts of which were screened at the British Film Institute . Ken Kiff praised his `` hard won images '' in 1987 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
abc51e8f10dc03289ffe5a96891d3230	Loki is the father of Farbauti and Laufey.	[ { "docid": "89d3bdfb276fe14d91a723dea1913bb2", "text": "Loki In Norse mythology , Loki ( Anglicized ( -LSB- ˈloʊki -RSB- ) ) , Loptr , or Hveðrungr is a god or jötunn ( or both ) . Loki is the son of Fárbauti and Laufey , and the brother of Helblindi and Býleistr . By the jötunn Angrboða , Loki is the father of Hel , the wolf Fenrir , and the world serpent Jörmungandr . By his wife Sigyn , Loki is the father of Narfi and/or Nari . By the stallion Svaðilfari , Loki is the mother -- giving birth in the form of a mare -- to the eight-legged horse Sleipnir . In addition , Loki is referred to as the father of Váli in Prose Edda , though this source also refers to Odin as the father of Váli twice , and Váli is found mentioned as a Son of Loki only once . Loki 's relation with the gods varies by source ; Loki sometimes assists the gods and sometimes behaves in a malicious manner towards them . Loki is a shape shifter and in separate incidents he appears in the form of a salmon , a mare , a fly , and possibly an elderly woman named Þökk ( Old Norse ` thanks ' ) . Loki 's positive relations with the gods end with his role in engineering the death of the god Baldr and Loki is eventually bound by Váli with the entrails of one of his sons . In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda , the goddess Skaði is responsible for placing a serpent above him while he is bound . The serpent drips venom from above him that Sigyn collects into a bowl ; however , she must empty the bowl when it is full , and the venom that drips in the meantime causes Loki to writhe in pain , thereby causing earthquakes . With the onset of Ragnarök , Loki is foretold to slip free from his bonds and to fight against the gods among the forces of the jötnar , at which time he will encounter the god Heimdallr and the two will slay each other . Loki is referred to in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; the Norwegian Rune Poems , in the poetry of skalds , and in Scandinavian folklore . Loki may be depicted on the Snaptun Stone , the Kirkby Stephen Stone , and the Gosforth Cross . Loki 's origins and role in Norse mythology , which some scholars have described as that of a trickster god , have been much debated by scholars . Loki has been depicted in or is referenced in a variety of media in modern popular culture .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8f55ea75cae2e62f3d2b49f3a2f73f5c", "text": "Sturlungar family clan The Sturlungs ( Icelandic : Sturlungar ) were a powerful family clan in medieval mid-13th century Iceland , in the time of the Icelandic Commonwealth . Their story is partly told in Sturlunga saga , and members of the clan were significant participants in the civil war of the Age of the Sturlungs . The Sturlungs were a wealthy and influential clan . They controlled Western Iceland , the Westfjords and North Eastern Iceland . The patriarch of the Sturlungs was Sturla Þórðarson , whom scholars believe was born around 1115 . He inherited his Goðorð ( domain , realm or area of influence ) from his father Þórður Gilsson . Sturla quarrelled extensively with Einar Þorgilsson of Staðarhóll and many other chieftains . Jón Loftsson , a well-respected man , mediated in one of these disputes . Following this , he was entrusted with the upbringing of Sturla 's son Snorri Sturluson , who later became the most influential of the Sturlungs , and the most famous due to his literary endeavours . Snorri had two brothers , Þórður Sturluson and Sighvatur Sturluson . The descendants of Sturla played an important role in the Age of the Sturlungs civil war , most notably his sons Snorri and Sighvatur , and Sighvatur 's son Þórður kakali Sighvatsson . Another notable Sturlung was Sturla Þórðarson , son of Þórður Sturluson , who fought with Þórður kakali . He wrote Íslendinga saga , the longest part of Sturlunga saga , and Hákonar saga gamla , the story of Haakon IV of Norway . Some scholars also attribute to him the authorship of Kristni saga and a transcript of Landnáma . The writing of the Icelandic sagas began with the Sturlungs , and many of those written before 1280 were their work , or were written at their behest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31017b531acb88e415badf5767b83cf6", "text": "Gunnlaugr Ormstunga Gunnlaugr Ormstunga ( i.e. `` Serpent-Tongue '' ) was an Icelandic poet . His life is described in Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu , where several of his poems are preserved . Gunnlaugr was born ca. 983 . From an early age he proved himself impetuous , audacious , brave , and tough . He was also a skilled author of mostly derogatory poems , which earned him the cognomen ormstunga , `` serpent 's tongue '' . After a quarrel with his father , Illugi , Gunnlaugr left his home at the age of twelve to stay for some time at Borg with Þorsteinn Egilsson , the son of Egill Skallagrímsson . There , he became acquainted with Þorsteinn 's daughter , Helga the fair , reputedly the most beautiful woman in Iceland . Her hair was so ample that she could hide herself in it . When Gunnlaugr was eighteen , he went abroad . At that time , Helga became his fiancée , on the condition that she would wait no more than three years for Gunnlaugr . He visited the courts of Norway , Ireland , Orkney and Sweden and England . In Sweden , he visited the court of King Óláfr Skötkonung where he met his rival , the Icelandic champion and skald , Hrafn Önundarson . Gunnlaugr 's stay in the service of King Æthelred of England delayed his return to Iceland and Helga . He did not return until four years had passed ( ca. 1005 ) . Since Gunnlaugr had been gone longer than his allotted three years , Helga was forced into an unhappy marriage to Gunnlaugr 's rival , Hrafn Önundarson . Gunnlaugr and Hrafn met at the Althing and Gunnlaugr challenged Hrafn to a duel of honour , a holmgang ( hólmganga ) . The duel ended in a draw and was the last one allowed in Iceland . From that time hólmganga were forbidden by Icelandic law . In order to settle their dispute in blood , the two champions met in Norway in the spring of 1008 . There , Gunnlaugr defeated Hrafn , but was fatally wounded . After a short time he died . He was 25 . Helga later remarried , but never recovered from Gunnlaugr 's death . Her greatest pleasure was to rest her eyes on a sumptuous coat that Gunnlaugr had given her . One evening , she rested her head on her husband 's shoulder , spread the coat in front of her , and watched it for a while . Thereafter , she fell back into her husband 's embrace and was dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65364723268016ceda04bf7f479c8b3b", "text": "Naglfari In Norse mythology , Naglfari is the father of Auðr by the personified night , Nótt . Naglfar is attested in a single mention in the Prose Edda ( written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ) book Gylfaginning , where he is described as one of a series of three husbands of Nótt , and that the couple produced a son , Auðr . No additional information is provided about Naglfari . Rudolf Simek theorizes that Snorri invented Naglfari but states that his reason for doing so is unknown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b14d071d4432583146a3aa068c874bd", "text": "Pallas (Titan) In Greek mythology , Pallas ( -LSB- / ˈpæl əs / -RSB- Πάλλας ) was one of the Titans . According to Hesiod , he was the son of Crius and Eurybia , the brother of Astraeus and Perses , the husband of Styx , and the father of Zelus ( `` Zeal '' or `` Emulation '' ) , Nike ( `` Victory '' ) , Kratos ( `` Strength '' or `` Power '' ) , and Bia ( `` Might '' or `` Force '' ) . Hyginus says that Pallas , whom he calls `` the giant '' , also fathered with Styx : Scylla , Fontes ( `` Fountains '' ) and Lacus ( `` Lakes '' ) . Pallas was sometimes regarded as the Titan god of warcraft and of the springtime campaign season . The Homeric Hymn to Hermes makes the moon goddess Selene ( usually the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia ) , the daughter of a Pallas , son of ( otherwise unknown ) Megamedes , which is possibly the same as this Pallas . Ovid uses the patronymic `` Pallantias '' or `` Pallantis '' as another name for Aurora , the Roman equivalent of the Greek Eos ( `` Dawn '' ) , who was the sister of Selene ; Ovid apparently regarding Aurora ( or Eos ) as the daughter of ( or otherwise related to ) Pallas . The Suda in discussing Athena 's epithet `` Pallas '' suggests a possible derivation `` from brandishing ( pallein ) the spear '' . The geographer Pausanias reports that Pellene , a city in Achaea , was claimed by its inhabitants to be named after Pallas , while the Argives claimed it was named for the Argive Pellen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d60c676bb5e3da2ea50d078061fea5e", "text": "Uí Ímair The Uí ( h ) Ímair -LSB- iː ˈiːvˠaɾʲ -RSB- , or Dynasty of Ivar , were a royal Norse dynasty members of which ruled much of the Irish Sea region , the Kingdom of Dublin , the western coast of Scotland , including the Hebrides and some part of Northern England , from the mid 9th century . The dynasty lost control of York in the mid 10th century , but reigned over the other domains at variously disputed times , depending on which rulers may be counted among their descendants . This has proved a difficult question for scholars to determine , because reliable pedigrees do not survive . Additionally , for between three and four decades , the Uí Ímair were probably overkings of the Kingdom of Scotland itself , distinct from the Kingdom of Strathclyde , of which they may also have been overkings , and later briefly the Irish province of Munster , dominated from Waterford , and later still , briefly the English kingdom of Mercia . In the west of Ireland , the Uí Ímair also supplied at least two kings of Limerick , from which they may have attempted to conquer Munster again . On the female side , two members are styled Queens of Ireland in the Irish annals ( they were also Queen of Mide and Queen of Munster , respectively ) , while another was Queen of Leinster ( and Osraige ) . In the Norse sources , another was Queen consort of Norway . Finally , another may have been Queen of Brega . The name Uí Ímair in Old Irish means `` grandchildren '' or descendants of Ivar , but the dynasty includes its progenitor and his sons . The Irish annals describe Ivar as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and of Auisle , and the Annals of Ulster record his obituary under the year 873 , reading : Imhar , rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie , uitam finiuit -LSB- `` Ivar , king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain , ended his life '' -RSB- . Probably the senior leader of the Great Heathen Army , Ivar may thus have become the inspiration for the legendary Ivar the Boneless ( fl . 865-860 ) , son of Ragnar Lodbrok . In any event , Uí Ímair dynasts may also have exercised power as overkings of East Anglia during their career in Britain . Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a `` unitary empire '' ; it was , rather , a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred , with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders . Especially in the early period , a great portion of the dynasty 's wealth , probably the majority , came from the international slave trade , both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it , for which they were infamous in their time . In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th-century Irish epic political tract The War of the Irish with the Foreigners , although the account is exaggerated . One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age , the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond . However , unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they ultimately failed to make any long-lasting territorial gains of significance and are considered a strategic failure , despite their considerable economic and political influence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64477682e412b47195199f71775484e", "text": "Giants (Greek mythology) In Greek mythology , the Giants , also called Gigantes ( jye-GAHN-tees or gee-GAHN-tees ; Γίγαντες , Gigantes , singular Γίγας , Gigas ) were a race of great strength and aggression , though not necessarily of great size , known for the Gigantomachy ( Gigantomachia ) , their battle with the Olympian gods . According to Hesiod , the Giants were the offspring of Gaia ( Earth ) , born from the blood that fell when Uranus ( Sky ) was castrated by his Titan son Cronus . Archaic and Classical representations show Gigantes as man-sized hoplites ( heavily armed ancient Greek foot soldiers ) fully human in form . Later representations ( after c. 380 BC ) show Gigantes with snakes for legs . In later traditions , the Giants were often confused with other opponents of the Olympians , particularly the Titans , an earlier generation of large and powerful children of Gaia and Uranus . The vanquished Giants were said to be buried under volcanoes and to be the cause of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65db2e2758d371d7f4462f79d19e78ee", "text": "Angantyr Angantyr is also the Swedish name of Ongentheow . Angantyr was the name of three male characters from the same line in Norse mythology , and who appear in Hervarar saga , Gesta Danorum , and Faroese ballads . The last generation named Angantyr also appears to be mentioned as Incgentheow in Widsith , line 115 , together with his father Heiðrekr ( Heathoric ) , half-brother Hlöð ( Hlith ) and Hlöð 's mother Sifka ( Sifeca ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5d2305ddec62986b8fc816176b9456e", "text": "Vanlandi Vanlandi or Vanlande ( Old Norse `` Man from the Land of the Vanir '' ) was a Swedish king at Uppsala of the House of Yngling in Norse mythology . He was the son of Sveigðir whom he succeeded as king . He married a girl from Finnland , but forgot about her . In revenge , the girl arranged so that Vanlandi was hag ridden to death . He was succeeded by his son Visbur .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d65ff28880902efea49e11b7997c632d", "text": "Mundilfari In Norse mythology Mundilfari ( Old Norse , possibly `` the one moving according to particular times '' ) is the father of Sól , goddess associated with the Sun , and Máni , associated with the Moon . Mundilfari is attested in the Poetic Edda poem Vafþrúðnismál stanza 23 , and in chapter 11 of the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "206da26d9a7f2f7340a0ef0aa81507d1", "text": "Nafanua Nafanua is a famous Samoan Warrior Princess and a legend in Polynesian mythology . According to Samoan mythology , Nafanua was the daughter of Saveasi'uleo , the Ali'i of Pulotu . In one legend , Nafanua 's mother was Tilafaiga the sister of Taema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1edcddc587ec0b1a2ca862c3788cb2bd", "text": "Gerðr In Norse mythology , Gerðr ( Old Norse `` fenced-in '' ) is a jötunn , goddess , and the wife of the god Freyr . Gerðr is attested in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; and in the poetry of skalds . Gerðr is sometimes modernly anglicized as Gerd or Gerth . In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda , Freyr sees Gerðr from a distance , becomes deeply lovesick at the sight of her shimmering beauty , and has his servant Skírnir go to Jötunheimr ( where Gerðr and her father Gymir reside ) to gain her love . In the Poetic Edda Gerðr initially refuses , yet after a series of threats by Skírnir she finally agrees . In the Prose Edda , no mention of threats are made . In both sources , Gerðr agrees to meet Freyr at a fixed time at the location of Barri and , after Skírnir returns with Gerðr 's response , Freyr laments that the meeting could not occur sooner . In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda , Gerðr is described as the daughter of Gymir and the jötunn Aurboða . In Heimskringla , Gerðr is recorded as the wife of Freyr , euhemerized as having been a beloved king of Sweden . In the same source , the couple are the founders of the Yngling dynasty and produced a son , Fjölnir , who rose to kinghood after Freyr 's passing and continued their line . Gerðr is commonly theorized to be a goddess associated with the earth . Gerðr inspired works of art and literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6246aa55d3eee9b24ed765ae676ebf7c", "text": "Urðr Urðr ( Old Norse `` fate '' ) is one of the Norns in Norse mythology . Along with Verðandi ( possibly `` happening '' or `` present '' ) and Skuld ( possibly `` debt '' or `` future '' ) , Urðr makes up a trio of Norns that are described as deciding the fates of people . Urðr is attested in stanza 20 of the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá and the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning . Urðr is together with the Norns located at the well Urðarbrunnr beneath the world ash tree Yggdrasil of Asgard . They spin threads of life , cut marks in the pole figures and measure people 's destinies , which shows the fate of all human beings and gods . Norns are always present when a child is born and decide its fate . The three Norns represent the past ( Urðr ) , future ( Skuld ) and present ( Verðandi ) . Urðr is commonly written as Urd or Urth . In some English translations , her name is glossed with the Old English form of urðr ; Wyrd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2931ee13479c3de9d179ccef8e37689", "text": "Odin from Lejre Odin from Lejre is a small cast silver figurine from approximately 900 C.E. , depicting an individual on a throne wearing a floor-length dress , an apron , four bead necklaces , a neck ring , a cloak and a rim-less hat . Two birds are seated on the armrests and the back of the throne features the heads of two animals . The figurine has inlay of black niello ( black coloured alloy ) and some gilding . The figure measures 18 mm in height and weights 9 grams . The figurine was found by local amateur archaeologist Tommy Olesen on September 2 , 2009 , during the Roskilde Museum excavations of a small village at Gammel Lejre ( `` Old Lejre '' ) near the modern town of Lejre , Denmark . The figurine was unveiled at the Roskilde Museum on November 13 , 2009 , and is now part of the permanent exhibition . The identity of the figure depicted has been the subject of some dispute . The excavator interpreted it as the god Odin sitting on his throne Hliðskjálf , from which he sees into all the worlds . The birds would be the ravens Huginn and Muninn , who gathered information for Odin . The beast-heads might symbolise Odin 's two wolves , Geri and Freki . However , some scholars specialising in Viking Age dress and gender representation have pointed out that the person is dressed entirely in female attire , resulting in theories that the figure may in fact represent either the goddesses Frigg or Freyja . Parallels have been pointed to between `` Odin from Lejre '' and a silver figure often identified as Freyja found in Aska , Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25a94645000bf0085a1e4f9ab846b8d3", "text": "Wayland the Smith In Norse mythology , Wayland the Smith ( Wēland ; Wiolant Wēlandaz variously Galan and Galand in French ; from * Wēla-nandaz , lit . `` battle-brave '' ) is a legendary master blacksmith , described by Jessie Weston as `` the weird and malicious craftsman , Weyland '' . In Old Norse sources , Völundr appears in Völundarkviða , a poem in the Poetic Edda , and in Þiðrekssaga , and his legend is also depicted on Ardre image stone VIII . In Old English sources , he appears in Deor , Waldere and in Beowulf and the legend is depicted on the Franks Casket . He is mentioned in the German poems about Theoderic the Great as the Father of Witige .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebc72d874f1a71caa1a825e324e25f38", "text": "Thor In Norse mythology , Thor ( -LSB- θɔr -RSB- from Old Norse Þórr ) is a hammer-wielding god associated with thunder , lightning , storms , oak trees , strength , the protection of mankind , and also hallowing and fertility . The cognate deity in wider Germanic mythology and paganism was known in Old English as Þunor and in Old High German as Donar ( runic þonar ) , stemming from a Common Germanic * Þunraz ( meaning `` thunder '' ) . Ultimately stemming from Proto-Indo-European religion , Thor is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples , from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania , to the tribal expansions of the Migration Period , to his high popularity during the Viking Age , when , in the face of the process of the Christianization of Scandinavia , emblems of his hammer , Mjölnir , were worn and Norse pagan personal names containing the name of the god bear witness to his popularity . Into the modern period , Thor continued to be acknowledged in rural folklore throughout Germanic regions . Thor is frequently referred to in place names , the day of the week Thursday ( `` Thor 's day '' from Old English Thunresdæg , ` Thunor 's day ' ) bears his name , and names stemming from the pagan period containing his own continue to be used today . In Norse mythology , largely recorded in Iceland from traditional material stemming from Scandinavia , numerous tales and information about Thor are provided . In these sources , Thor bears at least fourteen names , is the husband of the golden-haired goddess Sif , is the lover of the jötunn Járnsaxa , and is generally described as fierce eyed , red haired and red bearded . With Sif , Thor fathered the goddess ( and possible valkyrie ) Þrúðr ; with Járnsaxa , he fathered Magni ; with a mother whose name is not recorded , he fathered Móði , and he is the stepfather of the god Ullr . The same sources list Thor as the son of the god Odin and the personified earth , Jörð , and by way of Odin , Thor has numerous brothers . Thor has two servants , Þjálfi and Röskva , rides in a cart or chariot pulled by two goats , Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr ( that he eats and resurrects ) , and is ascribed three dwellings ( Bilskirnir , Þrúðheimr , and Þrúðvangr ) . Thor wields the mountain-crushing hammer , Mjölnir , wears the belt Megingjörð and the iron gloves Járngreipr , and owns the staff Gríðarvölr . Thor 's exploits , including his relentless slaughter of his foes and fierce battles with the monstrous serpent Jörmungandr -- and their foretold mutual deaths during the events of Ragnarök -- are recorded throughout sources for Norse mythology . Thor has inspired numerous works of art and references to Thor appear in modern popular culture . Like other Germanic deities , veneration of Thor is revived in the modern period in Heathenry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f66cc59585f632ca33b97193789f5a4e", "text": "Thorstein Eiriksson Thorstein Eiriksson ( Þórsteinn Eiríksson ) was the third and youngest son of Erik the Red . Almost nothing is known about Thorstein 's life . According to the Vinland Sagas , Erik the Red settled in Greenland around 986 with his wife and three grown sons , Leif , Thorvald and Thorstein . After Leif had sailed west from Greenland and discovered Vinland , Thorvald organized and led a second expedition to this new country . The natives , called Skraelings by the Norse , attacked Thorvald and his men . Thorvald received a fatal wound and was buried in Vinland . His crew returned to Greenland . Thorstein subsequently set sail for Vinland to retrieve his brother 's body , along with his wife Gudrid . The ship was beset by bad weather and never reached Vinland . By the first week of winter they had returned to Greenland and landed at Lysufiord in the Western Settlement where they sought shelter with the families living there . That winter an epidemic swept the settlement killing Thorstein and several others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfe43ec8bd558d13582d1ab5dc9c0c22", "text": "Háttatal The Háttatal ( -LSB- ˈhauʰtaˌtʰaːl -RSB- , conversation of meters ; c. 20,000 words ) is the last section of the Prose Edda composed by the Icelandic poet , politician , and historian Snorri Sturluson . Using , for the most part , his own compositions , it exemplifies the types of verse forms used in Old Norse poetry . Snorri took a prescriptive as well as descriptive approach ; he has systematized the material , and often notes that `` the older poets did not always '' follow his rules . Most of the forms depend on number of syllables per line , as well as assonance , consonance , and alliteration . Although end rhyme is represented , it does not function in the ways most modern English speakers expect ( forms include AAAAAAAA , and AAAABBBB ) , and plays a very minor role . Understanding this work will be much easier if the First Grammatical Treatise is also available to hand . Many scholars have suggested that the form of Háttatal suggests a classical influence deriving from the traditions of Christian learning to which Snorri was doubtlessly exposed . Others have argued that this is a result of using a logical approach , within the framework of a dialog , and that some aspects of the work prove that it was not directly influenced by classical writings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e47aaf4680c6290f8e8b8044b8a32946", "text": "King Lot Lot or Loth -LSB- ˈlɒt -RSB- is the king of Lothian in the Arthurian legend . He is best known as the father of Sir Gawain . Such a ruler first appeared late in the 1st millennium 's hagiographical material concerning Saint Kentigern ( also known as Saint Mungo ) , which feature a Leudonus , king of Leudonia , a Latin name for Lothian . In the 12th century , Geoffrey of Monmouth adapted this to Lot , king of Lothian , in his influential chronicle Historia Regum Britanniae , portraying him as King Arthur 's brother-in-law and ally . In the wake of Geoffrey 's writings , Lot appeared regularly in later romance . Lot chiefly figures as king of Lothian , but in other sources he also rules Orkney and sometimes Norway . He is generally depicted as the husband of Arthur 's sister or half-sister , variously named Anna or Morgause . The names and number of his children vary depending on the source , but the later romance tradition gives him the sons Gawain , Agravain , Gaheris , Gareth , and Mordred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed325ceff2ac81403faf91234adc2baa", "text": "Helgadóttir Helgadóttir is an Icelandic patronymic , literally meaning `` daughter of Helgi '' . Notable people with the name include : Ásthildur Helgadóttir ( born 1976 ) , Icelandic footballer Gerður Helgadóttir ( 1928 -- 1975 ) , Icelandic sculptor and artist Guðrún Helgadóttir ( born 1935 ) , Icelandic writer Guðrún P. Helgadóttir ( 1922 -- 2005 ) , Icelandic writer , poet , scholar and educator Ragnhildur Helgadóttir ( born 1930 ) , Icelandic politician Þóra Björg Helgadóttir ( born 1981 ) , Icelandic footballer Category : Icelandic-language surnames", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacb03e368eb3d4d1bb1be53cf396e1e", "text": "Svipul In Norse mythology , Svipul ( Old Norse `` changeable '' ) is a valkyrie . Svipul is attested among valkyrie list in the poem Darraðarljóð and the longer of the two Nafnaþulur valkyrie lists in the Poetic Edda book Skáldskaparmál . In addition , the name Svipul appears as a synonym for `` battle '' in Skáldskaparmál . Rudolf Simek theorizes that the name Svipul presumably refers to the changeable nature of fate , whose directors the valkyries are represented as being , especially in Darraðarljóð .", "title": "" } ]	fever
00430ba9f7843fcc99f9f3f3fe8d41ef	Selena Gomez was in Wizards of Waverly Place.	[ { "docid": "c425b7e2bed3128b09fd4ad27295580b", "text": "Selena Gomez Selena Marie Gomez ( -LSB- səˈliːnə_məˈɹiː_ˈɡoʊmɛz -RSB- ; -LSB- seˈlena ˈɣomes -RSB- ; born July 22 , 1992 ) is an American actress and singer . Having appeared in the children 's television series Barney & Friends while growing up , she rose to fame playing the role of Alex Russo on the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place ( 2007 -- 2012 ) . In 2008 , she signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records and formed her band Selena Gomez & the Scene . The band released three studio albums and produced four top 30 singles by 2011 . Gomez also formed her own production company in 2008 , July Moon Productions ; she serves as an executive producer on the Netflix original series 13 Reasons Why , which released in March 2017 . Between 2009 and 2011 , Gomez starred in films such as Princess Protection Program , Ramona and Beezus , and Monte Carlo , and took on a more mature role in Spring Breakers ( 2013 ) . Gomez also took her singing career in a different direction , with the release of her first solo album Stars Dance ( 2013 ) ; the album debuted atop the Billboard 200 in the United States and included the top ten single `` Come & Get It . '' Gomez released a compilation album in 2014 as her fifth and final release through Hollywood Records , which was preceded by her second top ten single `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' , and signed a new recording contract with Interscope Records . In 2015 , she released her second solo album , Revival , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , while the first three singles , `` Good for You , '' `` Same Old Love , '' and `` Hands to Myself , '' all topped the Mainstream Top 40 chart in the United States . Gomez has also starred in the films The Fundamentals of Caring ( 2016 ) , In Dubious Battle ( 2016 ) , and in the Hotel Transylvania films . Since the start of her singing career , she has gone on to sell over 7 million albums and 22 million singles worldwide , according to Billboard . Gomez has earned a number of awards and nominations for her work as an actress and singer , and has won a Billboard Women in Music award , an MTV Video Music Award , an American Music Award , and fifteen Teen Choice Awards . As of November 2016 , Gomez is the most-followed Instagram user in the world .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7b06dc438fe330418ef5af037496b451", "text": "Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network . The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous . Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show . The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 . In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . '' In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title . In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a3a75daafac881b2824a65ff78ff0c9", "text": "Wizard Wars Wizard Wars is a reality competition show in which teams of magicians create and perform original magic routines before a live studio audience . Their acts are judged on creativity , deception , and showmanship . Vegas headliners Penn & Teller head up the judging panel , alongside magic critic Christen Gerhart and World Champion of Magic Jason Latimer . Wizard Wars also features four `` home team '' magicians -- the `` Wizards '' -- who return every week to take on new teams of `` challengers . '' Wizards include street magician Justin Flom , stage illusionist David Shimshi , mentalist Angela Funovits , and con man Gregory Wilson . The series premiered August 19 , 2014 Wizard Wars was created in 2012 by Vegas-based magic consultant Rick Lax and street magician Justin Flom . Flom filmed the original Wizard Wars pilot in Lax 's apartment , on a $ 15 budget . The competing magicians created routines with placemats , beach balls , colored erasers and fake oranges . Flom 's YouTube video , featured on Wired.com and BoingBoing.com , caught the eye of production company A. Smith & Co. , who worked with Lax and Flom to sell the show to the Syfy network . Flom now stars in the show as a `` Wizard '' ; Lax works behind the scene as a producer and magic consultant . Notable magicians appearing on Wizard Wars include Las Vegas headliners Murray SawChuck , Tommy Wind , Nathan Burton , Greg Dow , America 's Got Talent 's Leon Etienne ( Season 8 ) , and Naathan Phan . Over a million people watched the Wizard Wars series premiere . The episode highlighted Canadian illusionists Chris Funk and Ekaterina , who ended up losing the `` Wizard War '' to `` Wizards '' Gregory Wilson and Justin Flom . Speaking on behalf of Flom and himself , Lax said this of the Internet-to-series premier journey : `` The most unlikely part of the YouTube-video-to-Syfy-show transition was that the original Wizard Wars vision stayed in shape ... Everyone told me , ` Hollywood is going to tear your idea apart , ' but that did n't happen . Only thing that happened was the magic got bigger and better . '' Wizard Wars maintained `` very solid ratings '' and was renewed for another six episodes . In these six episodes ( `` Season 1.5 '' ) former Challenger Billy Kidd joins the cast as a full-fledged Wizard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dcd364589f62f9847518cd7c251d6ed", "text": "Disneymania 5 Disneymania 5 is the 5th installment in the Disneymania series . It was released on March 27 , 2007 . The album features 4 of the stars from High School Musical : Vanessa Hudgens , Lucas Grabeel , Ashley Tisdale , Corbin Bleu and from High School Musical : The Concert , Drew Seeley among others . The album features other Disney-related stars as well . The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at 14 with a sales of 44,000 units , the highest debut for a Disneymania album to date . It has , since then , sold 293,000 + units .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fc3eadadd94a124dc9a27d24925eeae", "text": "Selena Roberts Selena Roberts ( born May 16 , 1966 in Live Oak , Florida ) is an American best-selling author , sportswriter , and digital entrepreneur . Previously , she was a senior writer for Sports Illustrated and a columnist for The New York Times . Roberts began her career as a beat writer for the Minnesota Vikings at the Minneapolis Star Tribune and for the Orlando Magic and Tampa Bay Buccaneers at the Orlando Sentinel . She received a B.A. degree in journalism from Auburn University in 1988 where she was a sports editor for the university paper The Plainsman . She also made frequent appearances on the ESPN talk show The Sports Reporters . In a February 7 , 2009 article on SI.com that quickly made the cover of Sports Illustrated , Roberts revealed that Yankees third baseman Alex Rodriguez tested positive for steroids in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15aaf3c09be93dd4812fc43d23dcc6ca", "text": "Antonio Gómez Medina Antonio Gómez Medina ( born September 11 , 1970 ) is a Mexican professional wrestler , or Luchador as they are called in Spanish , and professional wrestling trainer based out of Arena Coliseo Guadalajara in Guadalajara . Gómez is best known under the ring name Máscara Mágica ; he is the second person to use the `` Máscara Mágica '' name , taking it over after Eddie Guerrero abandoned the name in the early 1990s . As Máscara Mágica , he was part of the Los Nuevo Infernales group ; as part of a Los Nuevo Inferales vs. Los Infernales storyline , and lost his mask as a result of a Luchas de Apuestas match loss to Los Infernales leader El Satánico . In recent years Gómez has focused more on his training position at Arena Coliseo Guadalajara , where he also works as a booker and part-time wrestler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "330062dd5bb0e2b3bd810e164fba0883", "text": "Blanca Soto Blanca Soto ( born Blanca Delfina Soto Benavides on January 5 , 1979 ) is a Mexican actress , model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Nuestra Belleza Mundo México 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0836db8dc2065562313d6c30c84df13b", "text": "Twitches Too Twitches Too is a 2007 Disney Channel Original Movie . It is the sequel to the Disney Channel Original Movie Twitches , released in 2005 . The film began production in late April 2007 and was released on October 12 . It aired during Disney Channel 's Halloween Month . The Disney Channel Original Series , Wizards of Waverly Place , premiered following the film 's premiere . The first trailer was released during the premiere of High School Musical 2 . On its premiere night , the movie brought in 6.96 million viewers . To date , it is the last sequel to a Disney Channel Original Movie that is not a musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7c9d2b411e9908e8a9791919fc88e0b", "text": "Selena Gomez & the Scene: Live in Concert The Selena Gomez & the Scene : Live in Concert was the debut concert tour by American pop band Selena Gomez & the Scene . Beginning in the fall of 2009 , the trek supported the band 's first studio album , Kiss & Tell . The tour primarily reached the United States and England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcc9e39be83480a307383eb9785a7282", "text": "Mageina Tovah Mageina Tovah ( born July 26 , 1979 ) is an American actress . She is best known for her roles as Glynis Figliola in the television series Joan of Arcadia ( 2003 -- 2005 ) and as Ursula Ditkovich in Sam Raimi 's Spider-Man trilogy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23eda5da586f932392c2785c58780188", "text": "Mexican pop music Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico , particularly intended for teenagers and young adults . Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language . Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s , when an interest towards this type of music increased after Luis Miguel 's , Lynda Thomas ' , Selena 's , Thalía 's , Gloria Trevi 's and Paulina Rubio 's debuts before the mainstream USA audience . During the 1960s and 1970s most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits . Singers and musical groups like Angélica María , Johnny Laboriel , Alberto Vázquez , Enrique Guzmán or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley , Paul Anka , Nancy Sinatra and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e4fc07e4bdc3d40e1493e153376e926", "text": "So You Want to Be a Wizard So You Want To Be a Wizard is the first book in the Young Wizards series currently consisting of eleven books by Diane Duane . It was written in 1982 and published in the next year . In 2012 a revised `` New Millennium Edition '' was published . The plot follows Nita Callahan , a thirteen-year-old girl who discovers a book titled So You Want to Be a Wizard while hiding from bullies in a library . She brings the book home with her and discovers that it is about the art of wizardry . She does not completely trust the book 's claim that she can become a wizard if she takes the Wizard Oath , but she takes it nonetheless . The next day when she is out trying to do her first spell she meets Kit Rodriguez , another wizard . After they successfully complete a spell together , Nita 's doubts are gone : she is a wizard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae667260688f92e02d4cb3148d5c9388", "text": "Alejandro Durán Alejandro Durán ( born as Alejandro Durán Fernández in San Luis Potosí , Mexico ) , is a Mexican television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed0071482bbfb4a5b13c38c263d3d2ec", "text": "2014 Teen Choice Awards The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10 , 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion , which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29 , 2014 near the campus . It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00 -- 10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19 . Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show . One Direction were the biggest winners of the night , winning all ten awards they were nominated for ( including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans ) . The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well , including four awards for Ansel Elgort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e2e352ae0f1687c8c2e8b4c4b1c3936", "text": "¡Viva Hollywood! ¡ Viva Hollywood ! is a VH1 reality television program . Twelve Latino actors and Latina actresses compete for the role of `` America 's Numero Uno Telenovela Star '' . The winner will also receive a contract with Telemundo , the biggest telenovela production company in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f45347c38db9e97cbfc1e64fbb392751", "text": "Bridgit Mendler Bridgit Claire Mendler ( born December 18 , 1992 ) is an American actress , singer , and songwriter . Mendler has a degree in Anthropology from the University of Southern California . In 2004 , she began her career in the animated Indian film The Legend of Buddha . As a teenager , she starred in the films Alice Upside Down , The Clique , and Labor Pains . In 2009 , she signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on Wizards of Waverly Place . Following the positive reception to her character , she landed the role of Teddy Duncan on the Disney series Good Luck Charlie , which ran from April 2010 to February 2014 . In 2011 , she appeared in Good Luck Charlie , It 's Christmas , the film based on the series . Mendler starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Lemonade Mouth , in which her character Olivia performs numerous songs . Two singles were released from the soundtrack featuring her vocals , with both charting on the US Billboard Hot 100 . In 2012 , Mendler released her debut album Hello My Name Is ... , which featured a pop sound . It debuted at number 30 on the US Billboard 200 , and has sold over 200,000 copies . Her debut single off the album , `` Ready or Not '' , became an international Top 40 hit . The song was certified gold in Norway ; platinum in New Zealand , the United States , and Canada ; and peaked at number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was announced that her second single would be `` Hurricane '' . The video premiered on April 12 , 2013 and was shot in London . `` Hurricane '' has been certified gold in the United States . Mendler has links with several philanthropic projects and humanitarian causes . In 2010 , she became ambassador to First Book , a campaign to encourage reading and gives books to children in need . In July 2012 , she became ambassador of the campaign Give With Target with Target Corporation to raise funds to reform schools in the United States . She was featured in a March 2013 public campaign called Delete Digital Drama with the Seventeen magazine to end cyberbullying . In May 2013 , she traveled to the United Kingdom to raise funds for the BBC 's Comic Relief telethon , with others being given the aim of making her laugh with their jokes for a # 1 donation . The campaign aimed to raise # 100,000 and give families in poverty hope . In March 2014 , Mendler traveled to El Quiché to participate in the other project of Save the Children that helps underprivileged children in developing countries . She also represented the institution during the charity congress Save the Children 's annual Advocacy Summit in Washington , D.C.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f8253397a1abc65251a7698f8af1cf8", "text": "2011 MuchMusic Video Awards The 2011 MuchMusic Video Awards was held in Toronto , Ontario , Canada at MuchMusic 's headquarters on June 19 , 2011 . The awards were aired on MuchMusic , CP24 , E! , MuchHD and Fuse . Along with the MuchMusic VJ 's , it was confirmed on the MuchMusic website that Selena Gomez will host the show . Lady Gaga and Justin Bieber tied for the most awards won with 2 each .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f02b5f5d48d093dd145c96c0a9187e", "text": "Valente Rodriguez Valente Rodriguez ( born February 4 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Ernie Cardenas on the sitcom George Lopez . He also starred as Cesar in the TV Land sitcom Happily Divorced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3042bd58466746f961635a00bee64267", "text": "Constance Marie Constance Marie Lopez ( born September 9 , 1965 ) is an American actress , known professionally as Constance Marie . She is known for her role as Angie Lopez on George Lopez ( 2002 -- 2007 ) and her role as Marcela Quintanilla ( mother of Selena ) in the 1997 film Selena . She portrayed Regina Vasquez on the ABC Family/Freeform drama Switched at Birth ( 2011 -- 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d06c2b6b95e916713962e3b6ce56877", "text": "Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods Legally Blonde : The Musical -- The Search for Elle Woods is an MTV program created in order to cast an actress to replace Laura Bell Bundy in the role of Elle Woods in the Broadway production of Legally Blonde : The Musical . The show debuted on June 2 , 2008 . The winner of the show , Bailey Hanks , in addition to being cast in the role , was given the opportunity to record her own single of the musical 's first-act closer , `` So Much Better '' . The show concluded on July 21 , 2008 . Autumn Hurlbert was the runner up . She served as Hanks ' understudy and performed in the ensemble of the show ( replacing Becky Gulsvig who left to join the tour ) . Bundy 's last performance in the musical was on July 20 , 2008 . Hanks began performances on July 23 , 2008 and remained with the show until it closed on October 19 , 2008 . Two other show finalists -- Rhiannon Hansen and Lauren Zakrin , performed in the `` Legally Blonde '' national tour . Hansen played Margot in the musical and Zakrin performed in the ensemble as well serving as understudy to Becky Gulsvig as Elle Woods . The show began with 15 contestants . All except the winner were eliminated over nine episodes , in which they performed songs and faced other challenges . A three-judge panel made the elimination decisions . Most episodes involved a small prize for the winner of the challenge .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bd41aa5e04479108c59411aa022b951a	The Long Run is an artist.	[ { "docid": "5462e780d3bbda21083fee67dcdfda3b", "text": "The Long Run (song) `` The Long Run '' is a song written by Don Henley and Glenn Frey and recorded by the Eagles . The sound of the song is viewed as a tribute to the Stax / Memphis rhythm and blues sound . It was the title track of their album The Long Run and was released as a single in November 1979 . It reached No. 8 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in early 1980 . It was the second of three singles released from The Long Run album , preceded by `` Heartache Tonight , '' which reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in November 1979 , and followed by `` I Ca n't Tell You Why , '' which also reached No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 , in the spring of 1980 . The song was featured on the TV show WKRP in Cincinnati on the episode `` The Doctor 's Daughter '' . Specifically , Dr. Johnny Fever decides to air the recording and his programming director , Andy Travis is hysterical with delight that his popular DJ is playing a hit record for once . In his book The Heart of Rock & Soul : The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made the `` The Long Run '' , music critic Dave Marsh calls the song a complete ripoff of the 1972 R&B record `` Tryin ' to Live My Life Without You '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "01e0c5bf1dd90c6ba3c9ed54e44fd36e", "text": "Pegarty Long Pegarty Long ( born August 17 , 1940 in New York City , New York ) is a film producer and director , best known for the campy horror movie An Irish Vampire in Hollywood ( 2007 ) and the experimental film Incision ( 1999 ) . She runs Raven Productions ( in Venice , CA ) , a production company for film and literature , whose catalogue includes these poetry books : `` The Prose and Poetry of John Thomas , `` The Collected Poems of Philomene Long , '' `` Memoirs of a Nun on Fire , '' and `` Bukowski in the Bathtub , '' about Charles Bukowski Pegarty lives in Venice , California . She is the twin sister of the poet Philomene Long . Reviews of An Irish Vampire in Hollywood Winner Best Film Score The International Moondance Film Festival . `` Utterly fantastic ! Most cinema is boring . This film is different , creative and artistic . Better than Batman ! '' - Peter McCarthy , Producer-Director `` Repo Man '' , `` Sid & Nancy '' , `` Floundering '' `` Death and Taxes '' . `` I was very taken with the film , by its poetic sensibility and often arresting images and by the narrative permutations you brought to the vampire genre . Conjuring up a vivid and indelible world , you present an Ireland admittedly a `` tad '' darker than say John Ford in The Quiet Man but no less evocative . '' - Robert Dawson , Award-Winning Movie Titleler ` The Doors '' , `` Point Break '' , `` Gladiator '' , `` X Men '' . `` The Irish Vampire Goes West '' , is the first Irish vampire film . '' - Kim Newman The Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies `` Art / vampire . Pegarty Long has discovered a new genre . Reminds one a bit , stylistically , of the German expressionists , especially NOSEFERATU . '' - Peter Belsito , Founder Filmfinders , Producer `` Tarkowsky : Time Within Time '' . `` A beautifully shot film . `` Irish Vampire '' brought back my evenings in the underground cinema of the 60s . Too bad it 's not still with us , because then you have a camp cult classic on your hands . - Wanda Coleman , Award-Winning Poet , Writer `` Mad Dog Black Lady , `` A War of Eyes and Other Stories '' . `` Timelessly classical . '' - Jeanne Collachia , Director , Editor , Producer `` Bread and Salt '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9c773ca740c07ecb40941db8c377e26", "text": "Ocean Beach (album) Ocean Beach is the fourth studio album by Red House Painters , released in 1995 by 4AD . The album saw the group and Mark Kozelek move toward a more pastoral and folk-influenced arrangement style , in contrast to the lengthy , droning epics that featured on their early albums . Ocean Beach was also the last album to feature founding guitarist Gorden Mack , as well as being the band 's last studio album released by 4AD . The album features an unlisted hidden track , referred to as `` Brockwell Park ( Part 2 ) '' less than 20 seconds after `` Drop '' ends . The double 10 '' vinyl release of the album ( now long out of print ) features the band 's acoustic cover of Yes ' 1971 hit `` Long Distance Runaround . '' Kozelek would go on to record another version of the song ( with electric guitars and an extended outro ) for Red House Painters ' next album , Songs for a Blue Guitar . A rarely seen music video was produced for the song `` Summer Dress . '' An original idea for the album 's front cover artwork was a photo of what could be broken pews in an abandoned church , or old beds in an abandoned hospital ward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34195deb303eb660b62e1bd4bf335d05", "text": "Run (magazine) Run was an American computer magazine published monthly by IDG Communications with its first issue debuting in January 1984 . Bi-monthly publishing began in June/July 1990 ( issue # 78 , volume 7 number 6 ) , and went on until the magazine folded in November/December 1992 ( issue # 94 , volume 9 number 6 ) . In its heyday , Runs monthly circulation was in the 200,000 -- 300,000 range . Folio , the trade journal of the magazine industry , rated it as the second fastest-growing U.S. magazine of 1985 . The magazine contained articles about Commodore 8-bit home computers and peripherals , as well as reviews on available software packages for the computers . In addition , every issue featured several type-in programs written in BASIC and/or machine language . The magazine 's name came from the BASIC command `` RUN '' , which started execution of the computer 's program , presumably typed in from the magazine . Major Run columns included the following : Magic , perhaps the magazine 's most distinctive feature , was a collection of short programs , programming tips , and tricks , mostly submitted by readers . Several dozen were published each month , and they were all numbered in hexadecimal , with each issue 's numbering taking over where the last one had left off . Readers could write to Magic at P.O. Box 101011 , a box number chosen for its binary appearance . Often , a `` special issue '' published at the end of the year would collect the year 's Magic entries and augment them with many unpublished ones . This column , created and compiled by Louis F. Sander , debuted in the first issue and was run during the entire life of the magazine . Mega-Magic was a monthly column that included type-in programming utilities larger and more powerful than those in the standard Magic columns . Commodore Clinic , a letters column , allowed users to write in with questions about hardware and software issues , which would then be answered in the magazine . Run Amok was an errata column that published corrections to previous type-in programs and articles . Software Gallery reviewed various commercial software packages . 128 Mode , taken over from Commodore 's own magazine when it was purchased by Run , included programming advice and short type-ins for the Commodore 128 . Gold Mine was another Louis F. Sander column taken over from Commodore 's magazine . It featured tips and tricks for commercial games . Mike Konshak , a BASIC software developer and mechanical engineer contributed the popular DataFile database management program and many other utilities for the Commodore 64 to Run . The code was first published in the back of the November 1984 issue . A small note , written by Mike at the end of the article , stated `` If you do n't want to type this in , send me $ 6.00 and I 'll send you a disk '' . 1500 Run subscribers sent Mike money in the first month , which prompted the editors to create the `` Re-Run '' disk to generate more revenue for the publisher . A series of a dozen follow-on article by Mike were published in the ensuing two years , and the programs were exclusively sold on Run '' s Re-Run disk , as the editors restricted authors from soliciting for disks in the magazine from then on . ( Datafile then evolved into dFile64 , dFile128 , dFcalc , DFword , etc. , and sold by Mike Konshak through his small company , MichaelSoft `` A cottage Industry of Home-Spun Software '' ) . The demise of the magazine was due to the public 's dwindling interest in 8-bit machines as the computer world evolved to 16-bit and standardized on the IBM PC compatible platform for both business and home use . The front cover was originally accented by a logotype reading `` RUN '' , with each letter placed on a key button resembling those used on the C-64 . In June 1987 the keys were removed and the font became italicized with rounded letters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab631a3194e3f5d60b53353dccaed77e", "text": "Daedelus Alfred Darlington ( born Alfred Weisberg-Roberts , October 31 , 1977 ) , better known by his stage name Daedelus , is a producer based in Los Angeles , California . He is a part of the groups The Long Lost and Adventure Time . He is affiliated with the internet radio station Dublab .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "454fef0c204ea8f3c49bc962f250e846", "text": "Johnny Long (musician) Johnny Long ( September 12 , 1914 ( disputed ) -- October 31 , 1972 ) was an American violinist and bandleader , known as `` The Man Who 's Long on Music '' . He was raised on a farm in Newell , North Carolina , currently a subdivision of Charlotte . He started practicing with the violin at the age of six , but injured two fingers on his left hand when he was bitten by a pig . He then learned to use his right hand to play the violin , and continued to do so until his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "356ccd21ab0157c5154faa9c18893b7a", "text": "Long gallery In architecture , a long gallery is a long , narrow room , often with a high ceiling . In Britain , long galleries were popular in Elizabethan and Jacobean houses . They were often located on the upper floor of the great houses of the time , and they stretched across the entire frontage of the building . They served several purposes : they were used for entertaining guests , for taking exercise in the form of walking when the weather was inclement , and for displaying art collections . A long gallery has the appearance of a spacious corridor , but it was designed as a room to be used in its own right , not as a means of passing from one room to another . In the 16th century , the seemingly obvious concept of the corridor had not been introduced to British domestic architecture ; rooms were entered from outside or by passing from one room to another . Later , long galleries were built in Victorian houses , such as Nottingham Castle . Notable long galleries in the United Kingdom can be seen at : Althorp Apethorpe Hall Aston Hall Blickling Hall Burghley House Broughton Castle Burton Agnes Hall Burton Constable Hall Haddon Hall Ham House , compact and running from front to rear Hardwick Hall , one of the largest Hatfield House Little Moreton Hall Longleat House ( The long gallery is now called the Saloon . ) Montacute House Osterley Park Scone Palace Syon House Temple Newsam House ( Jacobean long gallery , later modified and now called the `` Picture Gallery '' )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ebda6ea41cf4955ae86cf6f87384189", "text": "Artist's statement An artist 's statement ( or artist statement ) is an artist 's written description of their work . The brief verbal representation is for , and in support of , his or her own work to give the viewer understanding . As such it aims to inform , connect with an art context , and present the basis for the work ; it is therefore didactic , descriptive , or reflective in nature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "120dcd86041fb9b3b3f5611ea5bea37b", "text": "Long Way Down (disambiguation) Long Way Down was a 2007 motorcycle journey undertaken by Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman , and the title of the accompanying television series , book and DVD . Long Way Down may also refer to : `` Long Way Down '' ( Goo Goo Dolls song ) , 1995 `` Long Way Down '' ( Keyshia Cole song ) , 2010 `` Long Way Down '' ( Robert DeLong song ) , 2014 Long Way Down ( Tom Odell album ) , 2013 Long Way Down ( G. Love & Special Sauce album ) , 2009 `` Long Way Down ( Look What the Cat Drug In ) '' , a Michael Penn song from the 1992 album Free-for-All", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97110922d6e385c1c5fc5a03650b67de", "text": "Old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition . The term remains current in the art trade , and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of `` fine art '' produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative , utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards . Fifteenth-century prints are sufficiently rare that they are classed as old master prints even if they are of crude or merely workmanlike artistic quality . A date of about 1830 is usually taken as marking the end of the period whose prints are covered by this term . The main techniques used , in order of their introduction , are woodcut , engraving , etching , mezzotint and aquatint , although there are others . Different techniques are often combined in a single print . With rare exceptions printed on textiles , such as silk , or on vellum , old master prints are printed on paper . This article is concerned with the artistic , historical and social aspects of the subject ; the article on printmaking summarizes the techniques used in making old master prints , from a modern perspective . Many great European artists , such as Albrecht Dürer , Rembrandt , and Francisco Goya , were dedicated printmakers . In their own day , their international reputations largely came from their prints , which were spread far more widely than their paintings . Influences between artists were also mainly transmitted beyond a single city by prints ( and sometimes drawings ) , for the same reason . Prints therefore are frequently brought up in detailed analyses of individual paintings in art history . Today , thanks to colour photo reproductions , and public galleries , their paintings are much better known , whilst their prints are only rarely exhibited , for conservation reasons . But some museum print rooms allow visitors to see their collection , sometimes only by appointment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cd5ec0ffa68e1d90a5b7dc50fe416b6", "text": "Long Live ASAP `` Long Live ASAP '' ( stylized as Long Live A$ AP ) is a song by American hip hop recording artist ASAP Rocky . It was released on December 18 , 2012 as the first promotional single from his debut album Long.Live.ASAP . The song was produced by both Jim Jonsin and Rico Love , with co-production from Finatik & Zac , Frank Romano and ASAP Rocky himself , under the pseudonym LORD FLACKO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5973c13717c0213929a0b819a01741b0", "text": "Allison Torneros Allison Torneros , known as Hueman , is an Oakland-based graffiti artist and painter . Her best-known works include a Nike-commissioned portrait of Kobe Bryant , a mural for P Diddy 's Revolt TV office and `` Ritual '' , a 9-day , free-styled , floor-to-ceiling mural installation in a 5,000 sq foot warehouse space . In 2013 , Hueman was one of the first artists commissioned to paint a mural after Los Angeles lifted its street art ban . Her biggest canvas to date has been a 90-foot wall at San Francisco 's Ian Ross Gallery . In May 2014 , Hueman was named one of LA Weekly 's People of the Year and was featured on a limited-edition cover of the issue . In 2015 , she and Daniela Rocha , founder of Rocha Art , curated Wander and Wayfare , which featured murals painted around San Francisco by eight female street artists , as well as a gallery art show . The event `` will be an annual exhibition and mural festival that plans to brighten the future of the San Francisco art scene . '' In July , she also participated in the second annual series of Sea Walls : Murals for Oceans , organized by PangeaSeed in Cozumel , Mexico . Hueman 's latest solo exhibition Just One Moment runs September 19 , 2015 through October 10 , 2015 at Mirus Gallery in San Francisco . Hueman 's signature style includes bright colors and elements of abstract portraiture . Her work has been described as a product of `` free association . '' `` Drawing first abstractly and without a definite idea , she will return to the work several times and refine images she sees in the primary , elemental composition . '' The name `` Hueman '' comes from the feelings she had after starting to paint murals for the first time . In a profile in Juxtapoz , she states , `` I began painting murals after a dark period in my life when I felt like there was nothing left to lose , and when I painted big for the first time , it was like a light switch turned on . Once I got out of my studio and onto the street , I was using my entire body to paint , I was talking to people , I was collaborating , I was in the sun . I felt alive again . I literally felt human . That 's where the name Hueman comes from . '' Since street art is a medium notoriously dominated by men , Hueman is especially notable as a female breakthrough artist . Hueman graduated from the University of California Los Angeles in 2008 with a degree in Design & Media Arts . She is Filipino American .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7998c5a720f81e7208f8b0411d11ed31", "text": "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film) The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner is a 1962 film based on the short story of the same name . The screenplay , like the story , was written by Alan Sillitoe . The film was directed by Tony Richardson , one of the new young directors emerging from documentary films , a series of 1950s filmmakers known as the Free Cinema movement . It tells the story of a rebellious youth ( played by Tom Courtenay ) , sentenced to a borstal ( ` Approved School ' ) for burgling a bakery , who gains privileges in the institution through his prowess as a long-distance runner . During his solitary runs reveries of important events before his incarceration lead him to re-evaluate his status as the Governor 's ( played by Michael Redgrave ) prize athlete , eventually prizing a rebellious act of personal autonomy notwithstanding an immediate loss in privileges . The film poster 's byline is `` you can play by the rules ... or you can play it by ear - WHAT COUNTS is you play it right by YOU ... '' . . The notion is echoed by other contemporary films such as a rapid series of three contemporary Lone Ranger films . Depicting a bleak , elitist Britain in the late 1950s to early 1960s for the working to middle class , the writer was one of the angry young men producing media vaunting or depicting the plight of rebellious youths . The film has characters entrenched in their social context . Class consciousness abounds throughout : the `` them '' and `` us '' notions which Richardson stresses reflect the very basis of British society at the time , so that Redgrave 's `` proper gentleman '' of a Governor is in contrast to many of the young working class inmates . Much of the screenplay takes place in and around Ruxley Towers , Claygate , Surrey -- a Victorian mock castle built by Lord Foley ( ` Ruxton Towers ' ) . The building had been used as a NAAFI base in the war , giving it a military atmosphere . The original trumpet theme to the film was performed by Fred Muscroft ( the Scots Guards Principal Cornet at the time ) . The film 's words were heavily sampled in the 1980s Chumbawamba track `` Alright Now '' and text monologues from the book upon which the film is based was printed on the record/cassette covers of their single `` Just Look at Me Now '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7348a98768a03000acfaaafdfa40666a", "text": "Long Run (horse) Long Run is a retired National Hunt racehorse owned by Robert Waley-Cohen and trained during his racing career by Nicky Henderson in Great Britain and later by his owner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d02ca44b07437031a8b046ca177e025", "text": "Melanie Taylor Kent Melanie Taylor Kent is an American artist . Born in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , she was raised and has spent most of her life in Southern California . She won her first National Art Competition at age 12 . She graduated from the UCLA School of Art and taught art in the Los Angeles City Schools . In 1980 she started her own publishing company and has published a series of art chronicling America by depicting famous streets and famous events . Her artwork has been licensed to Warner Bros. , The Walt Disney Corporation and Hanna-Barbera . Kent 's serigraphs are noted for the personalities that challenge collectors to identify them . She was the first artist to be licensed by the Walt Disney Company to portray Disney theme parks in limited edition prints and has been selected as the official artist of the LA Dodgers and the 30th anniversary of Dodger Stadium . She was selected as the official artist of the 50th anniversary of `` The Wizard of Oz '' , the 15th anniversary of `` Star Wars '' and the 10th anniversary of `` E.T. '' . Her depiction of the 1984 Olympics , `` Let the Games Begin '' , was licensed by the US Olympic Committee . Most of Kent 's limited edition works are done as serigraphs , using as many as 200 separate color plates and heavy , acid free archival papers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34276f431a973739753a133a88347da7", "text": "Rhythm Plate Formed in 1995 Rhythm Plate are predominantly a deep house production duo who are Matlock 's 6th largest musical export , well behind Karma Kid , Ben Ottewell ( Gomez ) , Sam Genders ( Tunng/Diagrams ) , Please Y ` Self , Patawawa and local pub band , Apocalypse Meow . They consist of Matt ` Rhythm ' and Ant ` Plate ' and regularly DJ mainly across the UK ( Egg , Fabric ) but also Europe ( SONAR 2009 & 2010 , Cork , Montpellier ) and around the world ( San Francisco , Auckland , Brisbane , Thailand ) . In 2012 they played their first live gig at Fabric using extensive outboard gear ; including a Roland Juno 60 , a Minimoog Model D , a Korg DW-8000 , various effects and mixers and three Yamaha samplers . In 2013 Rhythm Plate started a new ` vinyl only ' Record label called Pressed For Time Records which , despite its lack of paid publicity/PR machine interest , each of the releases have been well received by the deep/tech house community of DJs . Rhythm Plate released their first ever studio album `` Off The Charts '' to critical acclaim in September 2013 . This saw them collaborate with several vocalists including Frank H Carter III , Clive Astin , Colin Mutchler , Mykle Anthony ( 14 Karat Soul ) , Lorna Bean ( Sean Bean ) and actor Johnny Ray Gill , as well working with as notable musicians , Matt Chandler ( Jazz Guitar ) , Gary Reader ( Saxophone ) and Richard Heacock ( Strings ) . They have written incidental music that has been featured on several UK and US television shows , most notably CSI : Miami . They have also remixed other artists including Mark Ronson , The Frames , Amp Fiddler , Martin Iveson , Inland Knights and had tracks featured on music compilations released by Renaissance ( club ) , Global Underground and Hed Kandi amongst others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6bf76ad511a276113d56e7384e72065", "text": "Long Road Home (Charlie Simpson album) Long Road Home is the second top ten UK studio album by British singer-songwriter Charlie Simpson . On 2 February 2013 , it was reported that Simpson had finished writing the follow up to his 2011 solo debut Young Pilgrim and he would be heading into the studio with producer Steve Osborne ( U2/Placebo ) to start recording in early March . Simpson spent the summer of 2013 playing on the Vans Warped Tour in the US , which was the first time he has played live as a solo artist in America . During October 2013 , Charlie went on a tour of the UK supporting rock band , Deaf Havana . He previewed two new tracks from the forthcoming album `` Winter Hymns '' and `` Ten More Days '' . In 2014 , he be undertook a small run of solo shows in the UK in the lead up to the release of his 2nd solo album . Simpson said when announcing the release : `` The making of this album has been an incredible journey for me , it is probably the hardest record I have ever had to make . It took me a while to find what I was looking for and there were points when I nearly had to go back to the drawing board . However , after taking some much needed time out from writing and all things music related , I came back with a completely fresh perspective and wrote in my opinion , some of the best music I have written in my career so far . It 's an album I am hugely proud of and one I had to fight for which makes it all the more special '' . Simpson later revealed that the release date for the album had been delayed until 4 August 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd1d0e3a493db3c51f445a59d0d2cb87", "text": "William Blake in popular culture William Blake 's body of work has influenced countless writers , poets and painters , and his legacy is often apparent in modern popular culture . His artistic endeavours , which included songwriting in addition to writing , etching and painting , often espoused a sexual and imaginative freedom that has made him a uniquely influential figure , especially since the 1960s . After Shakespeare , far more than any other canonical writer , his songs have been set and adapted by popular musicians including U2 , Jah Wobble , Tangerine Dream , Bruce Dickinson and Ulver . Folk musicians , such as M. Ward , have adapted or incorporated portions of his work in their music , and figures such as Bob Dylan , Alasdair Gray and Allen Ginsberg have been influenced by him . The genre of the graphic novel traces its origins to Blake 's etched songs and Prophetic Books , as does the genre of fantasy art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b91eb378f17fec87dcdb410cc783aecd", "text": "Long, Long Time `` Long , Long Time '' is a song released by Linda Ronstadt in 1970 . The song spent 12 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , peaking at No. 25 , while reaching No. 15 on Canada 's `` RPM 100 '' , No. 8 on Canada 's CHUM 30 chart , No. 26 on the Cash Box Top 100 , and No. 20 on Billboards Easy Listening chart . In 1971 , Linda Ronstadt was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Female Vocal Performance for `` Long , Long Time '' . In 1976 , Larry Santos released a cover of the song , which reached No. 38 on Billboards Easy Listening chart and No. 109 on Billboards `` Bubbling Under the Hot 100 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "250d03cf1fe3a52acf1849ac82632849", "text": "Long Ago (and Far Away) `` Long Ago ( and Far Away ) '' is a popular song from the 1944 Technicolor film musical Cover Girl starring Rita Hayworth and Gene Kelly and released by Columbia Pictures . The music was written by Jerome Kern , and the lyrics were written by Ira Gershwin . The song was published in 1944 and sold over 600,000 copies in sheet music in a year . In 2004 it finished # 92 in AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema . In the film it is sung by Rita Hayworth ( dubbed by Martha Mears ) to Gene Kelly , and later briefly reprised by Jinx Falkenburg . Charting versions were recorded almost simultaneously by Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest , Bing Crosby , Jo Stafford , and Perry Como . The Dick Haymes-Helen Forrest recording was released by Decca Records as catalog number 23317 . The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on April 27 , 1944 and lasted 11 weeks on the chart , peaking at # 2 . The Jo Stafford recording was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 153 . The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on May 4 , 1944 and lasted 12 weeks on the chart , peaking at # 6 . The Perry Como recording was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-1569 . The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on May 11 , 1944 and lasted three weeks on the chart , peaking at # 8 . The Bing Crosby recording was released by Decca Records as catalog number 18608 . The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on June 29 , 1944 and lasted four weeks on the chart , peaking at # 5 . The flip side , `` Amor , '' also charted , making this a two-sided hit . Johnny Desmond sang it in German with Glenn Miller and the American Band of the AEF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d25b1b906923dcef494e5473704061b0", "text": "The Long Run (album) The Long Run is the sixth studio album by American rock group the Eagles . It was released in 1979 , on Asylum in the United States and in the United Kingdom . This was the first Eagles album to feature Timothy B. Schmit , who had replaced founding member Randy Meisner . This was the band 's final studio album for Asylum Records .", "title": "" } ]	fever
750a03f4b28107e116f7ae091e8655df	Usher was raised in Tennessee.	[ { "docid": "2366c8a44fdac0c501559657649befbf", "text": "Usher (musician) Usher Raymond IV ( born October 14 , 1978 ) is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , and actor . Born in Dallas , Texas but raised and lived in Chattanooga , Tennessee until moving to Atlanta , Georgia . At the age of 12 , his mother put him in local singing competitions , before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records . In 1994 , he released his self-titled debut album , Usher . He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his sophomore album My Way ( 1997 ) , which spawned his first U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one single , `` Nice & Slow '' , amongst top-two singles `` You Make Me Wan na ... '' and `` My Way '' . 8701 ( 2001 ) produced the number-one singles `` U Remind Me '' and `` U Got It Bad '' , and top-three single `` U Do n't Have to Call '' . It sold 8 million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003 . Confessions ( 2004 ) established him as one of the best-selling musical artists of the 2000s decade , selling 20 million copies worldwide . Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles ; `` Yeah ! '' , `` Burn '' , `` Confessions Part II '' , and `` My Boo '' , it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA . Here I Stand ( 2008 ) and Raymond v. Raymond ( 2010 ) , debuted atop of the Billboard 200 , and produced the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` Love in This Club '' and `` OMG '' . The EP , Versus , also produced the Hot 100 top-five single `` DJ Got Us Fallin ' in Love '' . Looking 4 Myself ( 2012 ) , also debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart and produced the Hot 100 top-ten single `` Scream '' . Raymond v. Raymond and Looking 4 Myself received Grammy Awards for R&B singles `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Climax '' . Hard II Love ( 2016 ) peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 albums chart . Usher has sold 23.8 million albums and 38.2 million digital songs in the United States . To date , his worldwide sales stand at 43 million albums and 75 million records overall , making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time . Usher has won numerous awards and accolades including 18 Billboard Music Awards and 8 Grammy Awards . At the end of 2009 , Billboard named him the second most successful artist of the 2000s decade , the number-one Hot 100 artist of the 2000s decade , and ranked Confessions as the top solo album of the 2000s decade . Billboard also placed him at number 6 on their list of `` Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years '' . Usher has attained 9 US Hot 100 number-one singles . Considered an icon and sex symbol , he was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame and Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2008 , he started his own record label Raymond-Braun Media Group ( RBMG ) ; a joint venture with talent manager Scooter Braun that includes Canadian singer Justin Bieber .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2daddf3d33df31510ad4f9f8f70f496d", "text": "Westmoreland, Tennessee Westmoreland is a town in Sumner County , Tennessee . The population was 2,093 at the 2000 census and 2,206 at the 2010 census . The town name originates from the historic English county Westmorland , now part of Cumbria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e207e0f6c75e299c69ad4bf99c748865", "text": "Herschel Lynn Greer Herschel Lynn Greer ( 1906 -- March 19 , 1976 ) was a prominent businessman and the first president of Vols , Inc. , an ownership group organized in 1959 for the purpose of keeping the Nashville Vols minor league baseball franchise in Nashville , Tennessee . Greer worked in the financial sector , co-organizing Guaranty Mortgage Company in 1940 . He served as its President and Chairman of the Board until 1969 . In January 1959 , Greer and thirteen other Nashville businessmen , including country music star Eddy Arnold , formed Vols , Inc. . The company sold 4,876 shares of stock at $ 5 each . Vols , Inc. was successful in keeping the Nashville Vols in the city from 1959 to 1961 . The Southern Association , of which the Vols were members , collapsed in 1961 , and as a result the team did not play in 1962 . In 1963 , the Vols played one final season in the South Atlantic League . The team had a debt of $ 22,000 that could not be paid , forcing the ownership group to surrender their franchise to the league . This was the last year that professional baseball was played at Sulphur Dell ballpark , the home of the Vols , before it was demolished in 1969 . Greer died in 1976 . Two years later , in 1978 , Larry Schmittou brought the Nashville Sounds , an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League , to Nashville . The Greer family donated $ 25,000 for construction of the team 's new stadium . The ballpark was named `` Herschel Greer Stadium '' in his honor . Greer Stadium served as the home of the Sounds from 1978 through 2014 , after which they left the stadium for a new ballpark , First Tennessee Park , built on the same site as Sulphur Dell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb44af2bdcac9261a62c96d075f4b2dc", "text": "1999 Tennessee Titans season The 1999 Tennessee Titans season was the franchise 's 40th season and their 30th in the National Football League ( NFL ) . It was the first year for the club under the moniker `` Titans '' , while the nickname `` Oilers '' was retired by the NFL . The Titans became the seventh Wild Card to qualify for the Super Bowl . However , after defeating the Bills , Colts , and Jaguars in the postseason , they lost the Super Bowl to the St. Louis Rams , 23 -- 16 on a famous last second tackle made by Rams defender Mike Jones at the goal line that prevented Titans receiver Kevin Dyson from scoring a game-tying touchdown . The highlight of the season was the Wild Card game against the Buffalo Bills , dubbed the Music City Miracle . In the games closing seconds , Kevin Dyson caught a lateral on a kickoff and ran all the way down the sidelines for a touchdown . The team drafted defensive end Jevon Kearse with the 16th pick of the 1999 NFL Draft . He had his best years in Tennessee , being named to three consecutive Pro Bowls ( 1999 -- 2001 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226563979a279ea335dcfd56010f5e6c", "text": "Murfreesboro, Tennessee Murfreesboro is a city in and the county seat of Rutherford County , Tennessee . The population was 108,755 according to the 2010 census , up from 68,816 residents certified in 2000 . In 2015 , census estimates showed a population of 126,118 . The city is the center of population of Tennessee , located 34 mi southeast of downtown Nashville in the Nashville metropolitan area of Middle Tennessee . It is Tennessee 's fastest growing major city and one of the fastest growing cities in the country . Murfreesboro is also home to Middle Tennessee State University , the largest undergraduate university in the state of Tennessee , with 22,729 total students as of fall 2014 . In 2006 , Murfreesboro was ranked by Money as the 84th best place to live in the United States , out of 745 cities with a population over 50,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce305e58766f2b93298c34816ec3a3f5", "text": "Wake Up and Say Goodbye Wake Up and Say Goodbye is the sixth album by solo artist David Usher , released on September 23 , 2008 . Was nominated for a Juno award in 2009 for `` Pop Album of the Year '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff0db66024ddcf8bc7a58327af2ab1d1", "text": "From Elvis in Memphis From Elvis in Memphis is the fifteenth studio album by American rock and roll singer Elvis Presley , released on RCA Records . It was recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis in January and February 1969 under the direction of producer Chips Moman and backed by its house band , informally known as `` The Memphis Boys '' . Following the success of Presley 's 1968 Christmas television special and its soundtrack , the album marked Presley 's return to non-soundtrack albums after the completion of his film contract with Paramount Pictures . Presley 's entourage convinced him to leave the RCA studios and record this album at American Sound , a new Memphis studio at the peak of a hit-producing streak . The reason for going to Moman 's studio was for the soul sound of the house band , ` the Memphis Boys ' . The predominance of country songs among those recorded in these sessions gives them the feel of the `` country soul '' style . This impression is emphasized by the frequent use of the dobro in the arrangements . In any case , the Memphis Boys have a solidly southern soul sound . From Elvis in Memphis was released in June 1969 to favorable reviews . The album peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200 , number two on the country charts and number one in the United Kingdom , and its single `` In the Ghetto '' reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1970 . In later years , it garnered further favorable reviews , while it was ranked number 190 on Rolling Stone magazine 's 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1673bc41d76373c0284b8978d7eaefda", "text": "Lee Roberson Lee Edward Roberson ( 24 November 1909 -- 29 April 2007 ) , was the founder of Tennessee Temple University in Chattanooga , Tennessee , and Camp Joy , in Harrison , Tennessee . Roberson was born in a two-room log cabin and spent his first two years on a farm near English , Indiana , a small town in the southern part of the state . Originally named Leverne Edward , he was known throughout his life as `` Lee . '' In 1911 , his parents , Charles E. and Dora ( Sego ) Roberson , took him to a farm near Louisville , Kentucky , where his father farmed , worked on streetcars , and built homes to make a living . In 1923 , at the age of fourteen , he was led to the Lord by his faithful Sunday School teacher , Mrs. Daisy Hawes , and joined the Cedar Creek Baptist Church near Louisville . After spending two years at the Louisville Male High School , where he received a diploma in public accounting when he was fourteen years old , Roberson then attended the Fern Creek High School , where he played football and graduated after four years . Roberson entered Old Bethel College in Russellville , Kentucky , in 1926 , and completed one year there . There he worked at various jobs from washing dishes to scrubbing floors to pay his way . From Old Bethel College , he went to the University of Louisville to complete his college work with a major in history . He also continued his education at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville , where he studied under Dr. A.T. Robertson . At the age of nineteen , he was called to a church in Jeffersontown , Kentucky , but he did not accept . In his early years , Roberson was well known as a singer . Having studied at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music and with the well-known teacher , John Samples , of Chicago , his services as a vocalist were in great demand . He served as a soloist on the staff of radio station WHAS of Louisville and WSM in Nashville , Tennessee . Doors also opened in the field of secular music . Roberson was offered a contract by Gaetano Salvatore de Luca at the Nashville Conservatory of Music . After a discussion with De Luca , Roberson decided to give up musical performance , and declined on grounds that such a music career was not in accordance with his divine calling to the ministry . The first church that Roberson served as pastor was in Germantown , Tennessee , while he was in college . In 1932 , he was called to be pastor of the Temple Baptist Church in Green Brier , Tennessee . It was there that he began emphasizing the Second Coming of Christ . After three years with the Green Brier Church , Roberson entered full-time evangelistic work in 1935 . He served as evangelist of the Birmingham Baptist Association ; and within two years , he conducted some fifty revivals in the Birmingham area . It was in Birmingham that he met Miss Caroline Allen , who , on October 9 , 1937 , became Mrs. Lee Roberson . On the first Sunday in November 1937 , Roberson became pastor of the First Baptist Church in Fairfield , Alabama . In 1939 , Roberson was asked to be the state evangelist for Alabama , but he declined . After five years with the Fairfield church , Roberson was called to the Highland Park Baptist Church in Chattanooga in November 1942 . Four years later , Roberson founded Tennessee Temple University and Zion College . Two years later in 1948 , a theological seminary , Southeastern Baptist Seminary ( later renamed Temple Baptist Seminary in 1954 ) was added . His ministry would continue to branch out into the areas of radio , a citywide bus ministry , and the founding of Camp Joy . Highland Park Baptist Church would grow , at one point , to be one of the largest churches in the United States . He preached his last service as pastor of Highland Park Baptist Church on April 27 , 1983 , but continued preaching across the nation and publishing many books . He continued this work until his death . Roberson died two years after his wife 's death . His legacy includes strong preaching , Bible based standards , and an uncompromising devotion to God .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "184edc01180f507a7ea3932ec3d24675", "text": "Dover, Tennessee Dover is a city in and the county seat of Stewart County , Tennessee , 67 mi west-northwest of Nashville on the Cumberland River . An old national cemetery is in Dover . The population was 1,442 at the 2000 census and the 2010 census showed a population of 1,417 . Dover is part of the Clarksville , TN -- Kentucky Metropolitan Statistical Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91f5b077aa478fbcddac7804314c9daa", "text": "Tennessee Shines Tennessee Shines is a radio show presented by the Knoxville Americana Music Foundation and brings together qualities of Knoxville and East Tennessee 's musical scene by combining the atmosphere of Bijou Theatre , local radio station WDVX and its successful Blue Plate Special , and the reputation of concert promoter AC Entertainment , managing agency of the Bijou and producer of the Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival . The two-hour , multi-artist show is broadcast live on WDVX and WDVX.com from the Bijou Theatre on the last Wednesday of every month , showcasing predominantly folk music styles popular to the southeastern United States . Grammy-winning singer-songwriter Jim Lauderdale hosts the shows , which also features a house band led by Dave Nichols , a local Knoxville musician . As explained by AC Entertainment President Ashley Capps , `` The concept has always been to celebrate the indigenous culture of this region . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "517d2e21ff26f6a7cd32d61fa6b6afae", "text": "Can't Stop Won't Stop (Usher song) `` Ca n't Stop Wo n't Stop '' is a song recorded by American recording artist Usher for his seventh studio album Looking 4 Myself ( 2012 ) . Written and produced by Will `` will.i.am '' Adams and Keith Harris , the song contains an interpolation of the bridge to Billy Joel 's 1983 hit single `` Uptown Girl '' . Musically , `` Ca n't Stop Wo n't Stop '' is a eurodance and dance-pop song that incorporates elements of dubstep . `` Ca n't Stop Wo n't Stop '' received generally mixed reviews from music critics , who praised the song 's production , but dismissed its lyrics . Additionally , similarities between `` Ca n't Stop Wo n't Stop '' and Usher 's 2010 single `` OMG '' were noted . Upon the release of Looking 4 Myself , the song debuted at number 22 on the South Korea Gaon International Chart , with sales of 9,374 digital copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cc598411b2f29021a4b84c3045f5bc1", "text": "Lil Freak `` Lil Freak '' is a song by American recording artist Usher , taken from his sixth studio album , Raymond v. Raymond . Featuring guest vocals by Trinidadian recording artist Nicki Minaj , the song was written by her , Usher , Ester Dean , Blac Elvis and Polow da Don , the latter two producing the track . Its hook is based on a manipulated sample of American soul musician Stevie Wonder 's 1973 hit , `` Living for the City '' . `` Lil Freak '' was released as the second single from the album in the United States and Canada on March 2 , 2010 . Carrying a dark tone , composed of heavy bass beats derived from R&B and hip hop music , the lyrics are about the thrill of orchestrating a ménage à trois in a club . The song received positive reviews from critics who complimented its sensual nature . It peaked at number 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 , and eight on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs , becoming Usher 's 16th top ten hit on the latter chart . The song 's accompanying music video has a secret society concept , dealing with an underground club , playing on the storyline of the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "826562bdd9b62873691331dbed38e5e5", "text": "Oakslea Place Oakslea Place is a historic mansion in Jackson , Tennessee , USA . Built circa 1860 , prior to the American Civil War , it was expanded in 1900 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33d4a41f38b707f9026c1aa1767e2e85", "text": "Juvenile (rapper) Terius Gray ( born March 25 , 1977 ) , better known by his stage name Juvenile , is an American rapper , actor , and songwriter . He is also a member of the hip hop group The Hot Boys . At the age of 19 , he began recording raps , releasing his debut album Being Myself in 1995 . He became popular when his 1999 single `` Back That Thang Up '' was released . In 2003 , he returned to Cash Money Records to record Juve the Great , spawning the number-one hit `` Slow Motion '' . Following this album he again left Cash Money , and in 2006 he was signed to Atlantic Records . He released Reality Check under that label . His latest album , The Fundamentals , was released in February 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80a0701a881b56fe7eef4ea7b2445753", "text": "Tennessee General Assembly The Tennessee General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee . It is a part-time bicameral legislature consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives . The Speaker of the Senate carries the additional title and office of Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee . In addition to passing a budget for state government plus other legislation , the General Assembly appoints three state officers specified by the state constitution . It is also the initiating body in any process to amend the state 's constitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "376b73702ba0f47eea0a739a6271cd42", "text": "Miss Tennessee The Miss Tennessee competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Tennessee in the Miss America pageant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fab9fe42cf2daad52a403fd1e05d134", "text": "You Make Me Wanna... `` You Make Me Wan na ... '' is a song by American recording artist Usher . It was released by LaFace Records and Arista Records as the lead single from Usher 's second studio album , My Way on August 12 , 1997 . `` You Make Me Wan na ... '' was written by Usher , Alphonse Williams along with Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal , who both produced the tune . An R&B , soul and pop ballad in C minor , it makes use of acoustic guitar , hi-hat and bell instrumentation . The song focuses on a love triangle relationship , with the protagonist wishing to leave his girlfriend for his erstwhile best friend , with a hook in which Usher states , `` You make me wan na leave the one I 'm with and start a new relationship with you '' . The record received favorable reviews from critics , and won a Billboard Music Award , a Soul Train Music Award , and a WQHT Hip Hop Award , and was nominated for a Grammy Award . `` You Make Me Wan na ... '' appeared on several record charts , topping the UK Singles Chart and the US Hot R&B Singles , logging the second-longest run by a male artist on the latter . It also reached the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 , US Pop Songs , Canadian Singles Chart , Dutch Top 40 and ARIA Singles Chart . An accompanying music video , directed by Bille Woodruff , shows Usher dancing in various colored rooms and backgrounds , and uses an effect which creates several clones of Usher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f674753377c8bdf0e8ca5be4dff1a0ed", "text": "Parkway Village, Memphis Parkway Village is a predominantly African-American community in southeast Memphis , Tennessee . Parkway Village is bounded by Getwell Road and Lamar Avenue on the West , Winchester Road on the South , I-240 on the North , and Mendenhall Road on the East . The former Mall of Memphis was in the Parkway Village community . In 1956 , developers began to develop the farmland that is now Parkway Village for `` gracious suburban living '' . Parkway Village remained a quiet community with little crime and well kept neighborhoods throughout most of the 1980s . In the late 1980s the area became a neighborhood in transition and the crime rate began to rise . Parkway Village is in the 38118 zip code . The population is primarily African-American , younger , and mostly single . The average home value , ( $ 68,900 ) is lower than in the Memphis metro area as a whole . Neighborhood Amenities Libraries Memphis Public Library & Information Center , Parkway Village Branch Medical Facilities Delta Medical Center Parks American Way Park McFarland Park/McFarland Community Center Nash Buckingham Park Walter K. Singleton Park/Singleton Tennis Center Public Schools Elementary Schools : Evans Elementary Getwell Elementary Goodlett Elementary Knight Road Elementary Sheffield Elementary Middle Schools : American Way Middle School Wooddale Middle School High Schools : Sheffield High School Wooddale High School Public Transportation American Way Transit Center , Memphis Area Transit Authority For profit educational institutions : New Horizons Computer Learning Center Strayer University", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74faf095a3e02a2bfff87d5c3cebe90a", "text": "Scott Siman Scott Foster Siman ( born July 22 , 1954 ) is a leading American country music entertainment executive based in Nashville , Tennessee . He oversaw the rise of country music superstar Tim McGraw and the launch of Dancing With the Stars celebrity Julianne Hough , among others .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4f6c9c543f8e228f6cf4233206f7c71d	Anne Hathaway is a singer.	[ { "docid": "1b2c6050c18eaccd08c37fed6c588d37", "text": "Anne Hathaway Anne Jacqueline Hathaway ( born November 12 , 1982 ) is an American actress and singer . Born in Brooklyn , New York and brought up in Millburn , New Jersey , Hathaway was inspired to act by her mother and as a high school student was nominated for the Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Best Performance by a High School Actress for her performance in Once Upon a Mattress . She made her professional screen debut in the short-lived Fox television series Get Real ( 1999 -- 2000 ) , before landing the lead role of Mia Thermopolis in the Disney comedy film The Princess Diaries ( 2001 ) , for which she won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy . Hathaway went on to become a widely praised `` role model for children '' for her roles in Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , Ella Enchanted ( 2004 ) , The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement ( 2004 ) , and Hoodwinked ! ( 2005 ) . Hathaway began to transition to more adult roles in 2005 , winning a DVD Exclusive Award for Best Actress for Havoc ( 2005 ) , receiving a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her role in the critically acclaimed Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) , garnering further recognition for appearing alongside Meryl Streep in The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) , and earning a BIFA nomination for Best Performance by an Actress for her portrayal of Jane Austen in Becoming Jane ( 2007 ) . Hathaway received praise for her performance as a recovering drug addict in Rachel Getting Married ( 2008 ) , for which she won the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy , Golden Globe , Screen Actors Guild , and Indie Spirit Awards for Best Actress / Female Lead . She went on to win her second Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy for starring in Bride Wars ( 2009 ) and in 2010 , appeared in the box office hits Valentine 's Day , Alice in Wonderland and Love & Other Drugs , which earned her the Satellite Award for Best Actress and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical . In 2011 , Hathaway voiced Jewel in the animated film Rio and hosted the 83rd Academy Awards with James Franco , which was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program . In 2012 , she portrayed Catwoman in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Rises , for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress . The same year , she starred as Fantine in Tom Hooper 's Les Misérables , which earned her widespread acclaim and she won the Academy , Golden Globe , BAFTA , and SAG Awards for Best Supporting Actress . Hathaway has since gone on to appear in Rio 2 ( 2014 ) , Interstellar ( 2014 ) , The Intern ( 2015 ) , and reprised her role as the White Queen in Alice Through the Looking Glass ( 2016 ) . People magazine named Hathaway one of its breakthrough stars of 2001 , and she appeared on its list of the world 's 50 Most Beautiful People in 2006 . Following a four-year relationship with real estate developer Raffaello Follieri , Hathaway married Adam Shulman in 2012 , with whom she has one son , born in March 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0c0810b44dffbc52d1762b16da6169fc", "text": "Anne Kerry Ford Anne Kerry Ford is an American cabaret singer and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "626417ca80cc28ffadada517483b1c51", "text": "Sings the Songs of Andrew Lloyd Webber Sings the Songs of Andrew Lloyd Webber is a studio album from Shirley Bassey released in 1993 . This album saw Bassey briefly return to her old label EMI ( which also owns her United Artists recordings ) ; the album was issued by EMI on the Music For Pleasure Premier label . All songs on this album are from the pen of Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber . This is the first , and to date the only Songbook album that Shirley Bassey has recorded and released . In her early recording career she had recorded many songs from the Great American Songbook , but unlike Frank Sinatra , Ella Fitzgerald , and many other artists , she had never recorded a complete album of songs by one composer . The songs on the album are all taken from the popular musicals of Andrew Lloyd Webber , that he wrote with various lyricists . The oldest song found on the album is from the 1971 musical Jesus Christ Superstar which originally opened on Broadway in October of that year . Bringing it up to date the album also includes two songs from Sunset Boulevard which had recently premiered on July 12 , 1993 in London 's West End . Four songs had previously been recorded by Shirley Bassey , `` I Do n't Know How To Love Him '' in 1972 for the album And I Love You So , `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' in 1978 for the album The Magic Is You , `` Memory '' in 1984 for the B-side of the European single `` That 's Right '' and `` All I Ask of You '' in 1991 for the album Keep the Music Playing . Several TV performances and interviews were made by Bassey to promote this album . The album entered the UK Albums Chart on December 4 , 1993 and peaked at No. 34 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97ae6a7a3670ceed33553bd31e89df0b", "text": "Annetenna Annetenna was a short-lived band that emerged from the ashes of Ednaswap . On formation , the band were immediately signed by Columbia Records and recorded a self-titled album , which was then shelved by the record label . Founding members Anne Preven and Scott Cutler continue to write and produce songs for other artists , but the Annetenna project seems to have been put to rest . The Annetenna version of 74 Willow , a song originally recorded by the band in their Ednaswap days , was featured on the HBO series Six Feet Under . Another Annetenna song Oblivion appears on the soundtrack for The Chumscrubber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ee579498bcc115637dfa6fed7a227e1", "text": "Anne Lovett (musician) Anne Lovett is a French pianist and composer residing in London . She studied at the Royal Academy of Music and King 's College London . She released her first album , Beyond ( and Below ) , in 2012 under the record label Discovery Records , which received critical acclaim in Gramophone Awards and is now being distributed worldwide . The record comprises the artist 's own piano works , an unusual artistic gesture in the contemporary classical world where most virtuoso performers tend to perform other composer 's music . She is cited to be working on a next album to come out in 2013 on Champs Hill Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ff7a8dd15a2f791ec019030290d139a", "text": "Bonnie Tyler Bonnie Tyler ( born Gaynor Hopkins ; 8 June 1951 ) is a Welsh singer , known for her distinctive husky voice . Tyler came to prominence with the release of her 1977 album The World Starts Tonight and its singles `` Lost in France '' and `` More Than a Lover '' . Her 1978 single `` It 's a Heartache '' reached number four on the UK Singles Chart , and number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 . In the 1980s , Tyler ventured into rock music with songwriter and producer Jim Steinman . He wrote Tyler 's biggest hit `` Total Eclipse of the Heart ' '' , the lead single from her 1983 UK chart topping album Faster Than the Speed of Night . Steinman also wrote Tyler 's other major 1980s hit `` Holding Out for a Hero '' . She had success in mainland Europe during the 1990s with Dieter Bohlen , who wrote and produced her hit `` Bitterblue '' . In 2003 , Tyler re-recorded `` Total Eclipse of the Heart '' with singer Kareen Antonn . Their bilingual duet topped the French charts . Her latest album Rocks and Honey was released in 2013 and features the single `` Believe in Me '' which she performed representing the United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 . Both `` It 's a Heartache '' and `` Total Eclipse of the Heart '' are among the best-selling singles of all time , with sales in excess of six million each . Her work has earned her three Grammy Award nominations and three Brit Award nominations , among other accolades .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1992237ab9837a3427c7f962c290d022", "text": "Frances Wayne Frances Wayne ( August 26 , 1924 -- February 6 , 1978 ) , born Clara Bertocci , was an American jazz vocalist . Wayne was born in Boston and moved to New York City in her teens , where she sang in an ensemble led by her brother , saxophonist Nick Jerret . A 1942 review in Billboard magazine described her as `` a striking brunette with a true contralto , perfect rhythm , and , most interesting , a brand-new style ... of deep understanding and feeling for the spirit of what she sings . '' Early in the 1940s , she recorded with Charlie Barnet 's big band , and in 1943 sang with Woody Herman 's band . In 1944 she married Neal Hefti , who played trumpet and arranged material for Herman . Hefti formed his own big band in 1947 , and Wayne soloed in this ensemble as well . She sang with Hefti into the 1950s , and later sang with smaller ensembles , which featured Hank Jones , Milt Hinton , Jerome Richardson , Richie Kamuca , John LaPorta , Billy Bauer , and Al Cohn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30ed67543e729c87df4b04ce2847a14", "text": "My Ship `` My Ship '' is a popular song written for the 1941 Broadway musical Lady in the Dark , with music by Kurt Weill and lyrics by Ira Gershwin . The music is marked `` Andante espressivo '' ; Gershwin describes it as `` orchestrated by Kurt to sound sweet and simple at times , mysterious and menacing at other '' . It was premiered by Gertrude Lawrence in the role of Liza Elliott , the editor of a fashion magazine . In the context of the show , the song comes in a sequence in which Elliott , in psychoanalysis , recalls a turn-of-the-century song she knew in her childhood . The song was not included in the 1944 Hollywood film Lady in the Dark , a fact which Ira Gershwin found inexplicable : In 2003 , Herbie Hancock won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo for a version of this song released on the album Directions in Music : Live at Massey Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2369923e7be4570dd79bf8cb05730dc", "text": "Annes Jul Annes Jul is a 2006 studio album released by Danish singer Anne Gadegaard . The title means `` Anne 's Christmas '' , and the album is a collection of Christmas themed songs . The album consists of ten songs , four of which were released as singles : `` Peek-A-Boo '' , `` Glædelig Jul Til Dig Fra Mig '' , `` Når Det Bli ' r Midnat '' and `` Tid Til Du Skal Tilgi '' . The album was later rereleased with `` Gi Mig Alt '' , `` Kukkelu '' and `` Min Veninde '' added as bonus tracks . In 2008 , plans to release another album were cancelled , leaving Annes Jul the last Anne Gadegaard studio album to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b51e36a0b7ab18c188e2c8a86003b93e", "text": "Patricia Paay Patricia Anglaia Margareth Paaij ( born 7 April 1949 ) , best known as Patricia Paay , is a Dutch singer , radio host , glamour model and television personality . In the Netherlands , she is well known for her musical career , which spans over four decades . She is also regularly featured on Dutch television and in Dutch tabloid media . Singer Yvonne Keeley is her sister . In 1984 , Paay was the first glamour model in the Dutch edition of Playboy . In 2009 , Paay posed for the December issue of the Dutch version of the magazine at age 60 , making it the third time she had posed for Playboy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "483f30b278444a3bd019c1d16e539516", "text": "Tehillim for Anne Tehillim for Anne is a three-movement musical composition by British composer Robert Steadman ( born 1965 ) . Scored for choir and strings the work uses the texts of three Psalms in Hebrew to mark what would have been the 75th birthday of Anne Frank . The piece was premiered by Southwell Choral Society in November 2004 in Southwell Minster , Nottinghamshire conducted by Nicholas Thorpe . The central movement includes the choir shouting and screaming the psalm texts like a baying mob . Tehillim for Anne lasts 20 minutes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcdd636cbe3cbd02a193a4ca9055f00e", "text": "Mary Rice Hopkins Mary Rice Hopkins is an American Christian musician who has written hundreds of songs for children and adults . She currently lives in Southern California . Hopkins has been in the music ministry for over 30 years and has over twenty albums . She was influenced musically by her parents and brothers . Her brothers originated the country-gospel band Brush Arbor , which won the Academy of Country Music award for Vocal Group of the Year in 1974 . With Wendy Hofheimer , she recorded three albums as `` Wendy & Mary '' for Sparrow Records . Hopkins has also written several children 's books , as well as curriculum books that accompany her albums . Her distributor is Big Steps 4 U . According to her web site , she uses her music and ministry to share God 's love and spread the good news of the gospel of Jesus Christ . In 1997 , she received a lifetime achievement award from Point Loma Nazarene University , where she studied communications and Christian education . In 2005 , Hopkins teamed up with puppeteer Darcie Maze . Together they travel the country doing concerts . They also have a television show on the TBN network and the Smile of a Child network entitled , Mary Rice Hopkins and Puppets with a Heart . The episodes incorporate the use of puppetry , music , and Scripture to speak to children about relevant life issues . A DVD that contains two of the show 's episodes has received the Dove Foundation Seal of Approval and the show itself received a Parent 's Television Council Seal of Approval .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d00cacc7cc72725a18e0908c1cc7803", "text": "Dorothy (opera) Dorothy is a comic opera in three acts with music by Alfred Cellier and a libretto by B. C. Stephenson . The story involves a rake who falls in love with his disguised fiancée . It was first produced at the Gaiety Theatre in London on in 1886 . After a rocky start , it was revised and transferred to the Prince of Wales Theatre later that year and then transferred to the Lyric Theatre in 1888 , where it played until 1889 . The piece had an initial run of 931 performances , breaking the record for the longest-running musical theatre production in history and holding this record until the run of the musical play A Chinese Honeymoon in the early 1900s . Dorothy also toured in Britain , America and Australia and enjoyed numerous revivals until at least 1908 . The piece was popular with amateur theatre groups , particularly in Britain , until World War II . The show 's hit songs included the ballad `` Queen of My Heart '' , `` Be Wise In Time '' , `` Hark For ` ard ! '' , `` With A Welcome To All '' , and `` The Time Has Come . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edc1260565d7d1f54625d192e73f850a", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Anne Hathaway The following is a list of awards and nominations received by Anne Hathaway throughout her acting career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fa6135b81cc1ce4c329c3d4d5d34e82", "text": "Martini In The Morning Martini In The Morning is an internet radio station based in Los Angeles . Martini in the Morning , often shortened to `` MITM '' to resemble traditional radio station call letters , was created when Los Angeles radio station Fabulous 690 XETRA ( originally Fabulous 570 KLAC ) was sold in February 2006 , to become a Spanish language station . Brad ` Martini ' Chambers who created the new , more contemporary `` Adult Standards '' format for his then employers , Clear Channel Radio is the Program Director and principal host along with ` Mother ' Miriam Garfield . The station broadcasts 24 hours a day and is based in Studio City , Ca . Their broadcast format is similar to what is commonly referred to as `` Adult Standards '' , featuring Jazz Standards , primarily songs from what is often referred to as `` The Great American Songbook '' . The station is active in promoting the genre that the `` Great American Songbook '' represents and ensuring this musical genre does not disappear from the air . There were once hundreds of American radio stations programming similar music . There are now fewer than 200 , and many of those are a mix of `` Great American Songbook '' tunes with a larger percentage of more current `` Adult Contemporary '' music . Martini in the Morning features music written by the likes of Hoagy Carmichael , Cole Porter , Irving Berlin , Rodgers and Hart , Rodgers and Hammerstein , Johnny Mercer , Henry Mancini , Jimmy McHugh , Dorothy Fields , Fats Waller , Jerome Kern , Sammy Cahn , Jimmy Van Heusen , and many others , performed by the historical greats like Ella Fitzgerald , Frank Sinatra , Dean Martin , Sammy Davis Jr. , Billie Holiday , Bobby Darin , Dinah Washington as well as the more modern `` crooners '' like Steve Tyrell , Tony Bennett , Diana Krall , Michael Bublé , Michael Feinstein , and established pop/rock and R&B artists crossing over into the genre , such as Sting , Paul McCartney , Rod Stewart , Queen Latifah , Lady Gaga and others . The station is available on-line through various means , using iTunes ( Golden Oldies ) , mobile apps including TuneIn Radio , StreamS HiFi , Reciva , vTuner , Radio Loyalty and others available through the App Store or Marketplace , or you can connect directly via internet address : http://martiniinthemorning.com or watch live in studio on-line during the stations 's `` Morning Show '' 6:00 AM -- 10:00 AM Pacific time at http://www.martiniinthemorning.com/martinivision.html or via Ustream.tv - http://ustream.tv/mitm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fac4c1d4bcdeb34a4df59f5ee38d6d80", "text": "Anne Lenner Anne Lenner ( 1912 -- 1997 ) was a popular English female vocalist , singing with the dance bands of the 1930s and 1940s . She is most closely associated with Carroll Gibbons and the Savoy Orpheans , a band who regularly played at the Savoy Hotel in London ; she made many studio recordings with this band . The British bands played a softer version of the swing jazz popular in the USA during the 1930s and 1940s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3284f22a42fa359ab6071be027fd0757", "text": "Anne Hill (disambiguation) Anne Hill is a hill . Anne Hill may also refer to : Queen Anne Hill , Seattle Anne Hill Carter Lee , ne Anne Hill , first lady of Virginia Anne Hill ( novelist ) , pseudonym by Netta Muskett", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44b4f109a6f98f07abff559e204e34fc", "text": "Anne Bloom Anne Bloom ( born January 1 ( New Year 's Day ) , 1947 , in Los Angeles ) is an American former film and television actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8ffb7ce9c42d7a428fda7583f9d44e0", "text": "Ashanti (singer) Ashanti Shequoiya Douglas ( born October 13 , 1980 ) , known simply as Ashanti , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer and actress . Ashanti is known for her eponymous debut album , which featured the hit song `` Foolish '' , and sold over 505,000 copies in its first week of release throughout the U.S. in April 2002 . In 2003 , the self-titled debut album won Ashanti her first Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B album . Her second release achieved a platinum certification and other top 10 singles . Ashanti wrote and sang background on Jennifer Lopez 's `` Ai n't It Funny ( Murder Remix ) '' , which reached number one on Billboard Hot 100 , which was also in the top 10 chart at the same time as `` Foolish '' , `` Always on Time '' ( with Ja Rule ) , and `` What 's Luv ? '' ( with Fat Joe ) . Later that year , she was acclaimed as the `` Princess Of Hip-Hop & R&B '' by her label and capped off her successful debut by winning eight Billboard awards and two American Music Awards . Ashanti cites Whitney Houston , Janet Jackson , Prince , Madonna , Tupac Shakur , Mary J. Blige , Ella Fitzgerald , Smokey Robinson , Donna Summer , and Blue Magic as her musical influences . Since 2013 , she is currently working on her own publishing company titled Written Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fa42ea98c5c02b7907e2ae48736afe1", "text": "Anne Briggs (album) Anne Briggs is a folk album released in 1971 by Anne Briggs . The songs are traditional apart from two Briggs originals , `` Go Your Way '' and `` Living By The Water '' . In 2009 Blackwater Side was included in Topic Records 70 year anniversary boxed set Three Score and Ten as track four of the second CD in the set . On Record Store Day 2015 Topic records re-released the album on 180g vinyl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a7b7e1957e4676468d126654529a79c", "text": "Chầu văn Hát chầu văn ( -LSB- háːt tɕə̂w van -RSB- ) , or in secular form hát văn , is a traditional folk art of northern Vietnam which combines trance singing and dancing . Its music and poetry are combined with a variety of instruments , rhythms , pauses , and tempos . Hát chầu văn originated in the 16th century and spread quickly . The main musical instrument used in hat van performance is the dan nguyet or moon-shaped lute . The genre is famous for its use in rituals for deity mediumship . Chau Van serves two purposes : to help hypnotize the medium for reception of the deities and to accompany the medium 's actions with appropriate music . The singing and dance in non-religious form is hát văn ( `` sung literature '' ) without the word chầu ( `` supplication '' ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
19c985501fb11c8e4852fb075d3584ea	The Kathiawar peninsula is where Gujarat is located.	[ { "docid": "111450b0be4f3e78124e3986524a9ae8", "text": "Gujarat Gujarat ( -LSB- , gUdZ@'raht -RSB- -LSB- ˈɡudʒ ɾaːt̪ -RSB- ) is a state in Western India , It has an area of 196024 km2 with a coastline of 1600 km , most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula , and a population in excess of 60 million . The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the north , Maharashtra to the south , Madhya Pradesh to the east , and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west . Its capital city is Gandhinagar , while its largest city is Ahmedabad . Gujarat is home to the Gujarati-speaking people of India . The state encompasses some sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization , such as Lothal and Dholavira . Lothal is believed to be one of the world 's first seaports . Gujarat 's coastal cities , chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat , served as ports and trading centres in the Maurya and Gupta empires , and during the succession of royal Saka dynasties from the Western Satraps era . Gujarat was known to the ancient Greeks , and was familiar in other Western centres of civilisation through the end of the European Middle Ages . The oldest written record of Gujarat 's 2,000-year maritime history is documented in a Greek book titled The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea : Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "30ed50f637e8fddb3d6338d4e7b5fdd4", "text": "Kaparada Taluka Kaparada is a taluka in Valsad district , Gujarat , India , near the border to Maharashtra . It is located in the Western Ghats . It is a predominantly tribal district . The major tribes are Kokna and Varlis . Kaparada is called cherrapunji of Gujarat receiving highest rainfall in the state . Kaprada has 60 years old Ashram Shala run by ` Dakshin Gujarat Adivasi ( Tribal ) Ashram Shala ' founded by then Urmilaben P Bhatt who was social worker , a staunch Gandhian follower and served as first lady minister of Government of Gujarat in various government departments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4515c951a4f96af0581f31dc6187f2d", "text": "Katni River Katni River is a river that flows through the Katni District in the state of Madhya Pradesh , located in the northeastern part of India . The river was named after Katewa , a gotra of Jats now found in the state of Rajasthan . Katewa built a fort on the river 's banks for the Janapada of Katewa during their rule of the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b57a1c920bd794597039bc1847fe109", "text": "North India North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India . The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indus-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas , which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia . The term North India has varying definitions - the Ministry of Home Affairs in its Northern Zonal Council Administrative division included the states of Chandigarh , Delhi , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh , Jammu and Kashmir , Punjab and Rajasthan . while the Ministry of Culture in its North Culture Zone includes the state of Uttarakhand but excludes Delhi whereas the Geological Survey of India includes Uttar Pradesh and Delhi but excludes Rajasthan and Chandigarh . Other states sometimes included are Bihar , Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal . North India has been the historical centre of the Mughal , Delhi Sultanate and British Indian Empires . It has a diverse culture , and includes the Hindu pilgrimage centres of Char Dham , Haridwar , Varanasi , Ayodhya , Mathura , Allahabad , Vaishno Devi and Pushkar , the Buddhist pilgrimage centres of Bodhgaya , Sarnath and Kushinagar , the Sikh Golden Temple as well as world heritage sites such as the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve , Khajuraho temples , Hill Forts of Rajasthan , Jantar Mantar ( Jaipur ) , Bhimbetka Caves , Sanchi monuments , Qutb Minar , Red Fort , Agra Fort , Fatehpur Sikri and the Taj Mahal . The languages that have official status in one or more of the states and union territories located in North India are Hindi , Urdu , Punjabi , Kashmiri/Koshur , Dogri and English .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "407e63661f1918a1272170ad8baad73b", "text": "Chadchat Chadchat is a region surrounding Santalpur in Patan district of Gujarat , India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4480832c0d1b3c32b480967e581ce14e", "text": "Kharna Kharna is an area located in Ahmedabad , India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26dde69bc882d6b4c439d127cbb3c0dc", "text": "Sanghar caste The Sanghar -LSB- or Sanghaar , in Arabic Sindhi script : سنگهار -RSB- are a partly Hindu and partly Muslim community found in the state of Gujarat and mumbai maharashtra India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc73378416b4e9c67322e607698e92ac", "text": "Khokhra River Khokhra River is a river in western India in Gujarat whose origin is Near Jaru . Its basin has a maximum length of 40 km . The total catchment area of the basin is 93 km2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "162d3ac2e9ecfa156a2340af2322692b", "text": "Banni Grasslands Reserve Banni Grasslands Reserve or Banni grasslands form a belt of arid grassland ecosystem on the outer southern edge of the desert of the marshy salt flats of Rann of Kutch in Kutch District , Gujarat State , India . They are known for rich wildlife and biodiversity and are spread across an area of 3,847 square kilometres . They are currently legally protected under the status as a protected or reserve forest in India . Though declared a protected forest more than half a century ago Gujarat state 's forest department has recently proposed a special plan to restore and manage this ecosystem in the most efficient way . Wildlife Institute of India ( WII ) has identified this grassland reserve as one of the last remaining habitats of the cheetah in India and a possible reintroduction site for the species . The word ` Banni ' comes from Hindi and Sanskrit word ` banai ' , meaning made . The land here was formed from the sediments that were deposited by the Indus and other rivers over thousands of years . Old villagers from this region say that before the 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake , the river Indus flowed right through banni and the local farmers reaped a rich harvest of crops like red rice and sindhi chookha etc. , red rice was the staple diet of the people of the region and it was even recommended by medical practitioners as a ` light diet ' for ailing people . However , since the earthquake of 1819 the river Indus changed its course and now flows through Sindh in neighbouring country of Pakistan effectively turning this entire region arid . Banni grassland is peculiar to the Rann of Kutch , it has some forty Sindhi speaking Maldhari ( cattle breeders ) hamlets , home to the Halaypotra , Hingora , Hingorja , Jat and Mutwa tribes . It was first declared a `` protected forest '' in May 1955 , using the nomenclature of the Indian Forest Act , 1927 . Since then , the actual transfer of the land from the Revenue department to the Forest department has not been completed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6c1bcc7e68c0d0e9eeec1c92f227ed0", "text": "Tejara Tejara is a historical place in Kutch district of Gujarat , India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2bc9b5b4dd0d3a278c9c5d34bb7764b", "text": "Kanodar Kanodar is a census town in Banaskantha district in the Indian state of Gujarat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b78148f0ca1300782bec8ba47cddfad", "text": "Jamnagar district Jamnagar District is a district of India located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Kutch in the state of Gujarat . Its headquarters are located in the eponymous city of Jamnagar . It hosts the production facilities of several large Indian companies such as Reliance and Essar . Among its attractions are several palaces , a Marine National Park and a Bird Sanctuary , known as Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69e7fae068281adba36257945487dae4", "text": "Sanjan (Gujarat) Sanjan is a town situated in the state of Gujarat , India . It is in the Umargam taluka of Valsad district . It is one of the earliest settlements of the Parsi people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d783b912fd4a842b5d85ede486d061b", "text": "Narmada district Narmada district ( Gujarati : નર્મદા જીલ્લો ) is an administrative district in the state of Gujarat in India . The district headquarters are located at Rajpipla . The district is bounded by Vadodara district in the north , by Maharashtra state in the east , by Tapi district in the south and by Bharuch district in the west . The district occupies an area of 2,755 km ² and has a population of 5,90,379 ( as of 2011 ) . It was 10.44 % urban as of 2011 . As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Gujarat ( out of 33 ) , after Dang and Porbandar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee676f330c32bdb6fcdea5242a752006", "text": "Bhuj Bhuj is a city and a Municipality in Kutch District in the state of Gujarat , India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d62aaeef65a75c7003894358ad523de9", "text": "Rajpipla State The Kingdom of Rajpipla or Rajpipla State was a princely state in India during the British Raj . It was the largest state of the Rewa Kantha Agency . Rajpipla State was ruled by the Gohil Rajput dynasty from around the 1340s till 1948 when it was merged with the Republic of India . The princely state was situated largely between two important rivers of western India -- the Narmada and the Tapti , with the Satpura range in the south . Spanning an area of over 1500 square miles ( 4,000 km ² ) , of which 600 mi ² ( 1550 km ² ) were forests and the rest fertile agricultural plains and river valleys , Rajpipla grew to be one of the most prosperous princely states in Gujarat , second only to Vadodara . It was also famous for its agate mines . It is now part of the state of Gujarat . Its capital town of Rajpipla ( Nandod or New Rajpipla ) is now headquarters of the Narmada district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d12672d435741da869af333cef6ca67f", "text": "Saurashtra Saurashtra may refer to the following entities in western India : Geography Saurashtra ( region ) Saurashtra ( state ) alias United State of Kathiawar , a former Indian state , merged into Bombay State and since its dissolution part of present Gujarat Saurashtra ( Unicode block ) Other Saurashtra language Saurashtra alphabet Saurashtra people Saurashtra cricket team", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32933e7e19057af68e11894ea92cd30e", "text": "Ports of Karnataka Karnataka 's coastline called Karavali stretches 300 km between Mangalore in Dakshina Kannada district and Karwar in Uttara Kannada district . The coastline of Karnataka has been along the eastern shore of Arabian Sea . Karnataka has one major and ten minor ports in this coastal belt . Kali , Belekeri , Gangavali , Aghanashini Sharavathi , Sharabi , Kollur , Gangolli , Sitanadi , Gurpur and Netravati are the important rivers in this belt which empty into the Arabian sea . Sea erosion , migration of river mouths , siltation of ports and harbours are some of the problems common to this belt . Development of ports being a state subject , the Government of Karnataka set up the Department of Ports and Inland Water Transport in 1957 . The Department maintains one major and ten minor ports between Mangalore in the south and Karwar in the North . The only major port is the New Mangalore Port . The minor ports are located at Karwar , Old Mangalore , Belekeri , Tadadi , Honnavar , Bhatkal , Kundapur , Hangarakatta , Malpe and Padubidri ports . Of these , the one at Karwar is the only all-weather port while the rest are riverine fair-weather lighterage ports . In the light of the economic reforms that the central government implemented in the early nineties , the Karnataka government also has been making serious efforts to improve its port infrastructure . In 1997 , a `` Port Policy '' was formulated with a view to develop all ports with private participation . The policy is built around the BOOST ( Build-Own-Operate-Share and Transfer ) concept and primarily seeks to improve cargo handling capacity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9807722c44088a50275d96192db4960", "text": "Kariana State Kariana is a town and former non-salute princely state on Saurashtra peninsula , in Gujarat , western India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4f248ed25e1e7de3deaff3852b699fd", "text": "Kapadvanj Kapadwanj ( Karpat -- Vanjiyam or `` The Land of Textile '' ) is a City as well as one of the Taluka of the Kheda district in the Gujarat India . It is located on bank of river Mohar . It is 71 km away from Ahmedabad and 93 km away from Vadodara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61c60f72cbcf8c7c0a81d3da289e879f", "text": "Music of Gujarat Gujarat , a western state of India , is known for lively it has one of the best music traditions of both folk and classical music .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b343dc52e4771c8676b54d05da77a962	To Kill a Mockingbird completely avoids the theme of the destruction of innocence.	[ { "docid": "4b6f39c441b73dce868200203ff43b0a", "text": "To Kill a Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960 . It was immediately successful , winning the Pulitzer Prize , and has become a classic of modern American literature . The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee 's observations of her family , her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville , Alabama , in 1936 , when she was 10 years old . The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor , despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality . The narrator 's father , Atticus Finch , has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers . One critic explains the novel 's impact by writing , `` In the twentieth century , To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America , and its protagonist , Atticus Finch , the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism . '' As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman , the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence . Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class , courage , compassion , and gender roles in the American Deep South . The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice . Despite its themes , To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms , often challenged for its use of racial epithets . Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication . Despite the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education , literary analysis of it is sparse . Author Mary McDonough Murphy , who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures , calls the book `` an astonishing phenomenon '' . In 2006 , British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one `` every adult should read before they die '' . It was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan , with a screenplay by Horton Foote . Since 1990 , a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee 's hometown . To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee 's only published book until Go Set a Watchman , an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird , was published on July 14 , 2015 . Lee continued to respond to her work 's impact until her death in February 2016 , although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ba8ac590de976af464d578c5caba51f0", "text": "Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin , White Masks ( Peau noire , masques blancs ) is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon , in which Fanon studies the psychology of the racism and dehumanization inherent in situations of colonial domination . With the application of historical interpretation , and the concomitant underlying social indictment , the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black Skin , White Masks to combat the oppression of black people . He applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people experience in a White world . That the divided self-perception of the Black Subject who has lost his native cultural origin , and embraced the culture of the Mother Country , produces an inferiority complex in the mind of the Black Subject , who then will try to appropriate and imitate the culture of the colonizer . Such behavior is more readily evident in upwardly mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols within the world of the colonial ecumene , such as an education abroad and mastery of the language of the colonizer , the white masks . Based upon , and derived from , the concepts of the collective unconscious and collective catharsis , the sixth chapter , `` The Negro and Psychopathology '' , presents brief , deep psychoanalyses of colonized black people , and thus proposes the inability of black people to fit into the norms ( social , cultural , racial ) established by white society . That `` a normal Negro child , having grown up in a normal Negro family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white world . '' That , in a white society , such an extreme psychological response originates from the unconscious and unnatural training of black people , from early childhood , to associate `` blackness '' with `` wrongness '' . That such unconscious mental training of black children is effected with comic books and cartoons , which are cultural media that instil and affix , in the mind of the white child , the society 's cultural representations of black people as villains . Moreover , when black children are exposed to such images of villainous black people , the children will experience a psychopathology ( psychological trauma ) , which mental wound becomes inherent to their individual , behavioral make-up ; a part of his and her personality . That the early-life suffering of said psychopathology -- black skin associated with villainy -- creates a collective nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d6a6a009c61faf9330e5eb4ad894d27", "text": "The Culture of Disbelief The Culture of Disbelief ( ISBN 0-385-47498-9 ) is a 1994 book by Stephen L. Carter . In it , he holds that religion in the United States is trivialized by American law and politics , and that those with a strong religious faith are forced to bend to meet the viewpoint of a `` public faith '' which is largely faithless . Carter argues that there is a place for faith in public life , while still adhering to the separation of church and state . Category :1994 books Category : Books about politics of the United States Category : Religious studies books", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed5fd70b1c144cd2777ee98900540db", "text": "Forced confession A forced confession is a confession obtained by a suspect or a prisoner under means of torture ( including enhanced interrogation techniques ) or other forms of duress . Depending on the level of coercion used , a forced confession is not valid in revealing the truth . The person being interrogated may agree to the story presented to him or even make up falsehoods himself in order to satisfy the interrogator and discontinue his suffering . For centuries the Latin phrase `` Confessio est regina probationum '' ( In English : Confession is the Queen of evidence ) justified the use of forced confession in the European legal system . When especially during the Middle Ages acquiring a confession was the most important thing during preparations before a trial , than the method used to get the confession seemed irrelevant , de facto sanctioning the use of torture to extract forced confession . By the late 18th century , most scholars and lawyers thought of the forced confession not only as a relic of past times and morally wrong but also ineffective as the victim of torture may confess to anything just to ease his suffering . Developments in the 20th century , notably the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , greatly reduced the legal acceptance of forced confessions . However , for most of legal history they have been accepted in most of the world , and are still accepted in some jurisdictions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b42c3d7bd7e40a27e759b88cd08ea61", "text": "Song of the Gargoyle The Song of the Gargoyle is a 1991 book for young readers by Zilpha Keatley Snyder . Set in the middle ages , it tells the story of a young boy named Tymmon who lives with his father Komus , the court jester of Austerneve . When Komus is abducted by an anonymous man with a Black Helmet , thirteen-year-old Tymmon is able to escape Black Helmet and leaves the castle grounds to seek refuge in the Sombrous Forest , a forbidden place occupied by wolves and magical beings . Most wonderfully , Tymmon is adopted by a gargoyle named Troff -- a creature with the loyalty of a dog and the fearsome powers of an enchanted being . After a season surviving in the forest , Tymmon longs to rescue his father and to find a way to avenge him , as a knight would . But Tymmon is a commoner , and he burns with anger at his father , who threw away a noble heritage to become a lowly jester . Tymmon had to watch his childhood playmate turn away from him to become a squire and train for the knighthood Tymmon can never know . When Tymmon realizes that Troff can pose as a dog , he and Troff leave the forest together . As they travel , Tymmon sees the poverty and suffering of peasants ravaged by feudalistic greed . In the city he discovers that with his talent for music and joking , inherited from his father , he and Troff can make people happy . Beyond that , performing enables him to communicate with people from all walks of life . Of Song of the Gargolye , Zilpha Keatley Snyder says , `` High among the periods that inspired my childhood dreamscapes were the middle ages . Not a very specific or historic middle ages , actually , so much as a fantasy world peopled by beautiful princesses and -- most especially -- by noble knights . I especially liked the knights . No doubt due , at least in part , to the fact that they rode horses . ( I was also enamored of cowboys . ) However , when I grew older and less romantic , I began to look at my hardware-clad heroes from a more critical point of view . Knights , I discovered , were often a pretty cruel and bloodthirsty bunch , not to mention ignorant and superstitious ... So when I got around to setting a story in their time , I cast about for a hero or two with a better odor . And the result was Tymmon and his father , Komus . And Troff ? Just another tribute to the memory of various more-or-less miraculous four-legged friends . '' Category : American children 's novels Category :1991 American novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2639440ca43894e96ba7bff6e38c80cc", "text": "After (novel) After is a young adult novel written by Francine Prose . It was first published in 2003 , and the nearby school shooting is reminiscent of the Columbine High School massacre in 1999 . After a school shooting 50 miles away , the new grief and crisis counselor ( Dr. Willner ) attempts to control the students ' lives , using the recent tragedy as an excuse for increasingly restricting their lives . The school gradually is controlled by the grip of the administration , and students who do not comply with the new rules disappear , never to be seen again . Its plot is reminiscent of Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell . Similarities include the normalization of propaganda and surveillance with the telescreens in 1984 and the TVs on school buses spouting so called educational content that turns out to be blatantly false . These novels also touch on brainwashing , with the nightly emails sent to parents that convince them to send their children away to reform camps from which they never return . In contrast , After takes place during the reforms , showing how they were allowed to happen , while 1984 only shows the aftermath and its inevitability . The ending of After also shows the main character ( Tom Bishop ) escaping his town with his friends and family , a much lighter closing than 1984 . Described in the New York Times Book Review as a `` rich parable '' , this novel questions the line that must be drawn when freedom is more important than safety .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05834b9af57f1a8030b93b2904d23ff3", "text": "Sin of omission In Catholic teaching , an omission is a failure to do something one can and ought to do . If an omission happens deliberately and freely , it is considered a sin . The degree of guilt incurred by an omission is measured , like that attaching to sins of commission , by the dignity of the virtue and the magnitude of the precept to which the omission is opposed , as well as the amount of deliberation . A person may be guilty of a sin of omission if he fails to do something which he is able to do and which he ought to do because he has put himself into a state or situation whereby he is unable to complete the action . For example , if a person chooses to become inebriated and is therefore unable to perform a necessary task , that person is responsible for that failure , even though that person is physically unable to perform the task because he or she knowingly put themselves into a state ( drunkenness ) where accomplishing the task was impossible . Paul the Apostle refers to this sin directly when he states `` For I do not do the good I want ... '' ( Romans ) . see James the brother of Jesus more exactly defines this sin when he states , `` Whoever knows the right thing to do and fails to do it , for him it is sin . '' ( James ) see James 4 , New King James Version see see see see `` In the end , we will remember not the words of our enemies , but the silence of our friends . '' -- Martin Luther King", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b323276c6f64434ae072eb1ca51ce6", "text": "Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution . `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3ed9c24a630a54f87eb0f0570d6b8cf", "text": "Law of effect The law of effect is a psychological principle advanced by Edward Thorndike in 1905 on the matter of behavioral conditioning ( not yet formulated as such ) which states that `` responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation , and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation . '' This notion is very similar to that of the evolutionary theory , if a certain character trait provides an advantage for reproduction then that trait will persist . The terms `` satisfying '' and dissatisfying '' appearing in the definition of the law of effect were eventually replaced by the terms `` reinforcing '' and `` punishing , '' when operant conditioning became known . `` Satisfying '' and `` dissatisfying '' conditions are determined behaviorally , and they can not be accurately predicted , because each animal has a different idea of these two terms than another animal . The new terms , `` reinforcing '' and `` punishing '' are used differently in psychology than they are colloquially . Something that reinforces a behavior makes it more likely that that behavior will occur again , and something that punishes a behavior makes it less likely that behavior will occur again . Thorndike 's law of effect refutes the ideas of the book Animal Intelligence written by Romanes , stating that anecdotal evidence is weak and is typically not useful . The book stated that animals , like humans , think things through when dealing with a new environment or situation . Instead , Thorndike hypothesized that animals , to understand their physical environment , must physically interact with it using trial and error , until a successful result is obtained . This is illustrated in his cat experiment , in which a cat is placed in a shuttlebox and eventually learns , by interacting with the environment of the box , how to escape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36978f1a01bbe9fb8df1f960ca722110", "text": "From a View to a Death From a View to a Death is the third novel by the English writer Anthony Powell . It combines comedy of manners with Powell 's usual interest in the subtleties of British 20th-century society in a bitterly funny narrative . Here , Powell begins to write in the mode that he would perfect in A Dance to the Music of Time . Published in 1933 , the novel is set largely in and around Passenger Court , the country seat of the Passenger family . In its depiction of village pageants , churchgoing , village idiots and eccentrics , and , above all , the hunt , From a View to a Death is Powell 's most rural novel . Change in setting notwithstanding , Powell 's habitually Burtonesque laughter at human foibles remains consistent . The novel focuses on the inevitable conflict occurring when two men , each considering himself a Nietzschean Übermensch , collide . Other conflicts involve shooting rights , parent-child tensions , and , as always in Powell 's work , the dissatisfactions of romance and sex , this time including cross-dressing . Though some interpret the novel as a reaffirmation of traditional English values , no character -- whether for reason of class , place of residence , intelligence , or gender -- escapes Powell 's increasingly subtle critical examination of human life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3535254c1e1b6409606645c5fd4b7ad3", "text": "Life imitating art Anti-mimesis is a philosophical position that holds the direct opposite of Aristotelian mimesis . Its most notable proponent is Oscar Wilde , who opined in his 1889 essay The Decay of Lying that , `` Life imitates Art far more than Art imitates Life '' . In the essay , written as a Platonic dialogue , Wilde holds that anti-mimesis `` results not merely from Life 's imitative instinct , but from the fact that the self-conscious aim of Life is to find expression , and that Art offers it certain beautiful forms through which it may realise that energy . '' . What is found in life and nature is not what is really there , but is that which artists have taught people to find there , through art . As in an example posited by Wilde , although there has been fog in London for centuries , one notices the beauty and wonder of the fog because `` poets and painters have taught the loveliness of such effects ... They did not exist till Art had invented them . '' . McGrath places the antimimetic philosophy in a tradition of Irish writing , including Wilde and writers such as Synge and Joyce in a group that `` elevate blarney ( in the form of linguistic idealism ) to aesthetic and philosophical distinction '' , noting that Terry Eagleton observes an even longer tradition that stretches `` as far back in Irish thought as the ninth-century theology of John Scottus Eriugena '' and `` the fantastic hyperbole of the ancient sagas '' . Wilde 's antimimetic idealism , specifically , McGrath describes to be part of the late nineteenth century debate between Romanticism and Realism . Wilde 's antimimetic philosophy has also had influence on later Irish writers , including Brian Friel . Halliwell asserts that the idea that life imitates art derives from classical notions that can be traced as far back as the writings of Aristophanes of Byzantium , and does not negate mimesis but rather `` displace -LSB- s -RSB- its purpose onto the artlike fashioning of life itself '' . Halliwell draws a parallel between Wilde 's philosophy and Aristophanes ' famous question about the comedies written by Menander : `` O Menander and Life ! Which of you took the other as your model ? '' , noting , however , that Aristophanes was a precursor to Wilde , and not necessarily espousing the positions that Wilde was later to propound . In George Bernard Shaw 's preface to Three Plays he wrote , `` I have noticed that when a certain type of feature appears in painting and is admired as beautiful , it presently becomes common in nature ; so that the Beatrices and Francescas in the picture galleries of one generation come to life as the parlor-maids and waitresses of the next . '' He stated that he created the aristocratic characters in Cashel Byron 's Profession as unrealistically priggish even without his later understanding that `` the real world does not exist ... men and women are made by their own fancies in the image of the imaginary creatures in my youthful fictions , only much stupider . '' Shaw , however , disagreed with Wilde on some points . He considered most attempts by life to imitate art to be reprehensible , in part because the art that people generally chose to imitate was idealistic and romanticized . An example of life imitating art is that of singer/actress Miley Cyrus , whose role as the famous fictional popstar Hannah Montana in the Disney Channel sitcom of the same name gave rise to her own singing career . Hannah 's fictional popularity translated into a real-life fan-base for Cyrus as several singles credited to the character charted on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including `` The Best of Both Worlds '' , `` Life 's What You Make It '' , `` He Could Be the One '' , etc , though all of the songs were performed by Cyrus ) and when she embarked on her sold-out Best of Both Worlds Tour in 2007 , where she performed the first set of songs as Hannah Montana and the second set as herself . Cyrus ' song `` The Climb '' was the first song , credited to herself instead of the character , from an official Hannah Montana soundtrack album to become a hit single ( peaking at # 4 on the Billboard charts , making it her `` crossover song '' into mainstream pop , while Hoedown Throwdown ( off the same soundtrack album ) was her first Top 10 . Cyrus also performed several duets on the show while in-character as Hannah with real-life singers such as Sheryl Crow , David Archuleta , The Jonas Brothers , Iyaz and her real-life father Billy Ray Cyrus , as well as an unofficial duet with her real-life godmother country singer Dolly Parton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4943672a5e94f6cfdf2e9ad52285df19", "text": "Religious qualifications for public office in the United States Religious qualifications for public office in the United States have always been prohibited at the national level of the federal system of government under the Constitution . Article VI of the Constitution of the United States declares that `` no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States '' . The First Amendment of the Constitution also prevents the Congress of the United States from making any law `` respecting an establishment of religion '' ( the Establishment Clause ) . Neither the First Amendment nor Article VI , however , were originally applied to the individual states , and individual restrictions were utilized by individual states to prevent Jews , Catholics , and atheists from occupying public offices . State-level requirements for public office were not entirely abolished until 1961 , when the Supreme Court of the United States struck down religious qualifications for all public officeholders in its decision in Torcaso v. Watkins , a case concerning an atheist 's right to serve as a notary public under a Maryland law requiring public officials to declare they believed in God . However , eight states still have language in their constitutions that requires such qualifications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1e1246626869d43d25992b6adbacfb7", "text": "Freedom suit Freedom suits were lawsuits in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States filed by enslaved people against slaveholders to assert claims to freedom , often based on descent from a free maternal ancestor , or time held as a resident in a free state or territory . The right to petition for freedom descended from English common law and allowed people to challenge their enslavement or indenture . Petitioners challenged slavery both directly and indirectly , even if slaveholders generally viewed such petitions as a means to uphold rather than undermine slavery . Beginning with the colonies in North America , legislatures enacted slave laws that created a legal basis for `` just subjection ; '' these were adopted or updated by the state and territorial legislatures that superseded them after the United States gained independence . These codes also enabled enslaved persons to sue for freedom based on wrongful enslavement . While some cases were tried during the colonial period , the majority of petitions for freedom were heard during the antebellum period in the border or the Southern United States . After the American Revolution , most northern states abolished slavery and were considered `` free . '' The United States Congress prohibited slavery in some newly established territories , and some new states were admitted to the union as free states . The rise in travel and migration of masters with slaves between free and slave states resulted in conditions that gave rise to slaves suing for freedom . Many free states had residency limits for masters who brought slaves into their territory ; after that time , the slave would be considered free . Some slaves sued for wrongful enslavement after being held in a free state . Other grounds for suit were that the person was freeborn and illegally held in slavery , or that the person was illegally held because of being descended from a freeborn woman in the maternal line . The principle of partus sequitur ventrem , first incorporated into English colonial slavery law by a 1662 statute in Virginia , established that children 's status was that of the mother . It was adopted into law by other English colonies , and the states of the United States . In Saint Louis , Missouri records of nearly 300 petition cases have been found that were filed between 1807 and 1860 , and in Washington , D.C. nearly 500 petition cases were filed in the same period . A large portion of cases , as much as one-third , either never went to trial or were settled out of court . In the early nineteenth century in St. Louis and in Washington , D.C. , nearly half of the attorneys at the bar may have acted as counsel for slave petitions . In Missouri , the courts assigned an attorney to the petitioner if it accepted a freedom suit for hearing ; some of the top attorneys in St. Louis defended slaves . After the 1830s , the number of petition cases gradually declined . But from 1800 to 1830 , most of the bar in these cities tried a petition case . Before the end of the eighteenth century , some southern states began to make petitioning for freedom more difficult . Maryland , for example , in 1796 required that county courts serve as the court of original jurisdiction , rather than the General Court of the Western Shore , an appellate court . The county courts clearly would be more favorable to the interests and views of the local planters against whom these suits were often filed . The legislature also banned those with antislavery sympathies from serving on juries in freedom suits . Virginia passed a similar law on jury composition in 1798 . But , for a few decades , courts in slave states such as Louisiana , Mississippi , and Missouri often respected the precedent of `` once free , always free '' established by free states . Until the late 1850s , they ruled that slaves who had been held in free states maintained their freedom even if brought back into slave states . Until the Civil War brought an end to slavery , thousands of freedom suits were tried in state courts across the country , with some slaves petitioning as high as the Supreme Court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24aa483944fbe1769371f291ffea6174", "text": "Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship The Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship , better known as the Williams Committee , was a 1970s British Home Office committee chaired by Professor Bernard Williams . The task of the committee was to `` review the laws concerning obscenity , indecency and violence in publications , displays and entertainments in England and Wales , except in the field of broadcasting , and to review the arrangements for film censorship in England and Wales '' . The committee reported in 1979 that : `` Given the amount of explicit sexual material in circulation and the allegations often made about its effects , it is striking that one can find case after case of sex crimes and murder without any hint at all that pornography was present in the background . '' The Committee 's report was evidently influenced by the liberal thinking of John Stuart Mill , a philosopher greatly admired by Williams , and who used Mill 's principle of liberty to develop what he called the `` harm condition , '' whereby `` no conduct should be suppressed by law unless it can be shown to harm someone . '' Williams concluded that pornography could not be shown to be harmful and that `` the role of pornography in influencing society is not very important ... to think anything else is to get the problem of pornography out of proportion with the many other problems that face our society today . '' The committee reported that , so long as children were protected from seeing it , adults should be free to read and watch pornography as they saw fit . It found that the existing variety of laws in the field should be scrapped , and that terms such as ` obscene ' , ` indecent ' and ` deprave and corrupt ' should be abandoned as they were no longer useful . The Committee thought existing laws should be replaced with a comprehensive new statute , under which the availability of material would be restricted so that it did not cause offence to reasonable people , and was not accessible to children . The recommended restrictions on availability would not have been confined just to material that involved nudity and/or which was sexually explicit . Restrictions were to apply to : `` matter ( other than the printed word ) and to a performance whose unrestricted availability is offensive to reasonable people by reason of the manner in which it portrays , deals with or relates to violence , cruelty or horror , or sexual , faecal or urinary functions or genital organs . '' Regarding the definition of pornography the commission stated that , `` a pornographic representation is one that combines two features : it has a certain function or intention , to arouse its audience sexually , and also a certain content , explicit representations of sexual material ( organs , postures , activity , etc ) . On the difference between ` obscenity ' and ` pornography ' , the committee found that the word ` obscene ' was a subjective term that refers to peoples reaction to material , and that '' it principally expresses an intense or extreme version of what we have called ` offensiveness ' . It may be that it particularly emphasises the most strongly aversive element in that notion , the idea of an object 's being repulsive or disgusting . '' ` Pornography ' however was found to be `` a rather more objective expression referring to a certain kind of writing , picture etc ... Pornography will have some tendency to be obscene , but will not necessarily be so ... a tendency to be offensive is built into it , but it is not universally even offensive ... Still less must it inevitably be very strongly offensive or obscene . '' On whether art could be obscene , it reported that , `` work ... may be experienced as offensive , and also be experienced as having aesthetic interest , but in the case of which the two experiences do not occur at the same time . These will be works which are found offensive at first , or by a spectator who remains distanced from them , but which lose that character for someone involved in them . It did however recognize that `` it would be unwise to deny that ... there could be works which were , and remained , offensive , indeed intensely offensive or obscene . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95124b4cc3552bc00691f08a8d7d3483", "text": "Phineas Priesthood The Phineas Priesthood or Phineas Priests ( also spelled Phinehas ) is a title for self-selected vigilantes who commit violent acts in accordance with the ideology set forth by the 1990 book , Vigilantes of Christendom : The Story of the Phineas Priesthood by Richard Kelly Hoskins . According to the Anti-Defamation League ( ADL ) , `` Many people mistakenly believe that there is an actual organization called the Phineas Priesthood , probably because there was a group of four men in the 1990s who called themselves Phineas Priests . The men carried out bank robberies and a series of bombings in the Pacific Northwest before being sent to prison . But there is no evidence that their organization was any larger than those four individuals . '' The ideology set forth in Hoskins ' book includes Christian Identity beliefs opposed to interracial relationships , the mixing of races , homosexuality , and abortion . It is also marked by its anti-Semitism , and anti-multiculturalism . The Phineas Priesthood is not considered an organization because it is not led by a governing body , there are no gatherings , and there is no membership process . One becomes a Phineas Priest by simply adopting the beliefs of the Priesthood and acting upon those beliefs . Adherents of the Priesthood ideology are considered terrorists for , among other things , various 1996 abortion clinic bombings , the bombing in Spokane of The Spokesman-Review newspaper , bank robberies , and plans to blow up FBI buildings . Four members of this organization were convicted of crimes including bank robbery and bombing , with each sentenced in 1997 and 1998 to life in prison . The Phineas Priesthood is named for the Israelite Phinehas , grandson of Aaron . According to Numbers 25 , Phineas personally executed an Israelite man and a Midianite woman while they were together in the man 's tent , running a spear through the two and ending a plague sent by God to punish the Israelites for intermingling sexually and religiously with the Midianite Baal-worshipers . Phineas is commended for having stopped Israel 's fall to idolatrous practices brought in by Midianite women , as well as for stopping the desecration of God 's sanctuary . Yahweh commends Phineas through Moses as zealous , gives him a `` covenant of peace , '' and grants him and `` his seed '' an everlasting priesthood . This passage was cited in Hoskins ' book as a justification for using violent means against interracial relationships and other forms of alleged immorality . On November 28 , 2014 , 49-year-old Larry Steven McQuilliams fired more than 100 rounds at a federal courthouse , a Mexican consulate building ( which he also tried to set on fire ) , and a police station in Austin , Texas , before dying of a gunshot wound . McQuilliams 's shooting rampage was stopped when Austin Police Department Mounted Patrol Sgt. Adam Johnson fired a single , one-handed shot , while holding the reins of the horses he was putting away in the other hand , from 312 feet away , striking McQuilliams in the heart and killing him . A copy of Hoskins ' book was found in McQuilliams ' home . Media reports that McQuilliams was `` affiliated with the group '' were based on misunderstanding of the nature of the Phineas Priesthood , which is not an organized group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cbddd87c2ffff560512bc96cd617b4c", "text": "Kansas evolution hearings The Kansas evolution hearings were a series of hearings held in Topeka , Kansas , United States from May 5 to May 12 , 2005 by the Kansas State Board of Education and its State Board Science Hearing Committee to change how evolution and the origin of life would be taught in the state 's public high school science classes . The hearings were arranged by the Board of Education with the intent of introducing intelligent design into science classes via the Teach the Controversy method . The hearings raised the issues of creation and evolution in public education and were attended by all the major participants in the intelligent design movement but were ultimately boycotted by the scientific community over concern of lending credibility to the claim , made by proponents of intelligent design , that evolution is purportedly the subject of wide dispute within the scientific and science education communities . The Discovery Institute , hub of the intelligent design movement , played a central role in starting the hearings by promoting its Critical Analysis of Evolution lesson plan which the Kansas State Board of Education eventually adopted over objections of the State Board Science Hearing Committee , and campaigning on behalf of conservative Republican candidates for the Board . Local science advocacy group Kansas Citizens for Science organized a boycott of the hearings by mainstream scientists , who accused it of being a kangaroo court and argued that their participation would lend an undeserved air of legitimacy to the hearings . Kansas Board of Education member Kathy Martin declared at the beginning of the hearings , `` Evolution has been proven false . ID ( Intelligent Design ) is science-based and strong in facts . '' At their conclusion she proclaimed that evolution is `` an unproven , often disproven '' theory . `` ID has theological implications . ID is not strictly Christian , but it is theistic , '' asserted Martin . The scientific community rejects teaching intelligent design as science ; a leading example being the United States National Academy of Sciences , which issued a policy statement saying `` Creationism , intelligent design , and other claims of supernatural intervention in the origin of life or of species are not science because they are not testable by the methods of science . '' ( See also List of scientific societies explicitly rejecting intelligent design ) On February 13 , 2007 , the Board voted 6 to 4 to reject the amended science standards enacted in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8795b70531d4e7c86cb868fa87eca34b", "text": "True threat A true threat is a threatening communication that can be prosecuted under the law . It is distinct from a threat that is made in jest . The U.S. Supreme Court has held that true threats are not protected under the U.S. Constitution based on three justifications : preventing fear , preventing the disruption that follows from that fear , and diminishing the likelihood that the threatened violence will occur . There is some concern that even satirical speech could be regarded as a `` true threat '' due to concern over terrorism . The true threat doctrine was established in the 1969 Supreme Court case Watts v. United States . In that case , an eighteen-year-old male was convicted in a Washington , D.C. District Court for violating a statute prohibiting persons from knowingly and willfully making threats to harm or kill the President of the United States . The conviction was based on a statement made by Watts , in which he said , '' -LSB- i -RSB- f they ever make me carry a rifle the first man I want to get in my sights is L.B.J. '' Watts appealed , leading to the Supreme Court finding the statute constitutional on its face , but reversing the conviction of Watts . In reviewing the lower court 's analysis of the case , the Court noted that `` a threat must be distinguished from what is constitutionally protected speech . '' The Court recognized that `` uninhibited , robust , and wideopen '' political debate can at times be characterized by `` vehement , caustic , and sometimes unpleasantly sharp attacks on government and public officials . '' In light of the context of Watts ' statement - and the laughter that it received from the crowd - the Court found that it was more `` a kind of very crude offensive method of stating a political opposition to the President '' than a `` true threat . '' In so holding , the Court established that there is a `` true threat '' exception to protected speech , but also that the statement must be viewed in its context and distinguished from protected hyperbole . The opinion , however , stopped short of defining precisely what constituted a `` true threat . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "094e60375715ae43e892b5d04dffbebb", "text": "Perfect crime Perfect crime is a colloquial term used in law and fiction ( especially crime fiction ) to characterize crimes that are undetected , unattributed to a perpetrator , or else unsolved as a kind of technical achievement on the part of the perpetrator . In certain contexts , the concept of perfect crime is limited to just undetected crimes ; if an event is ever identified as a crime , some investigators say it can not be called `` perfect '' . A perfect crime should be distinguished from one that has merely not been solved yet or where everyday chance or procedural matters frustrate a conviction . There is an element that the crime is ( or appears likely to be ) unable to be solved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a484a4d767a48efdc8bd59a07136b6d8", "text": "Westboro Baptist Church Westboro Baptist Church ( WBC ) is a Baptist church which is known for its hate speech , especially against LGBT people ( homophobia ) , Catholics ( anti-Catholicism ) , Orthodox Christians ( anti-Orthodoxy ) , Muslims ( Islamophobia ) , Jews ( antisemitism ) , American soldiers and politicians . The church is widely known as a hate group and is monitored as such by the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center . The church has been involved in actions against gay people since at least 1991 , when it sought a crackdown on homosexual activity at Gage Park six blocks northwest of the church . In addition to conducting anti-gay protests at military funerals , the organization pickets celebrity funerals and public events . Protests have also been held against Jews and Catholics , and some protests have included WBC members stomping on the American flag or flying the flag upside down on a flagpole . The church also has made statements such as , `` thank God for dead soldiers , '' `` God blew up the troops , '' `` thank God for 9/11 , '' and `` God hates America . '' The church is headquartered in a residential neighborhood on the west side of Topeka about 3 mi west of the Kansas State Capitol . Its first public service was held on the afternoon of November 27 , 1955 . The church was headed by Fred Phelps before his death in March 2014 , though church representatives said the church had had no defined leader for some time before his death . The church consists primarily of members of Phelps 's extended family , and in 2011 , the church stated that it had about 40 members . The WBC is not affiliated with any Baptist denomination , although it describes itself as Primitive Baptist and following the five points of Calvinism . Many other Baptist churches and Baptist conventions , including the Baptist World Alliance and the Southern Baptist Convention ( the two largest Baptist denominations ) , have denounced the WBC over the years . In addition , other mainstream Christian denominations have condemned the actions of the independent Westboro Baptist Church .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28563a7ec5e6d1ac78e1f62a5336c54c", "text": "Legal fiction A legal fiction is a fact assumed or created by courts which is then used in order to apply a legal rule . Typically , a legal fiction allows the court to ignore a fact that would prevent it from exercising its jurisdiction , by simply assuming that the fact is different . This is the case with the Bill of Middlesex where the Court of King 's Bench could only exercise jurisdiction over cases which took place in the historic English county of Middlesex . To allow the Court , which was the central court of the land , to take jurisdiction over other cases , parties began to plead that , along with the other facts , there had also been a trespass which occurred in Middlesex . This allowed the King 's Bench to rule on the whole of the case . Legal fictions are different from legal presumptions which assume a certain state of facts until the opposite is proved , such as the presumption of legitimacy . They are different from hypothetical examples , such as the ` reasonable person ' which serve as tools for the court to express its reasoning . They are also different from legal principles which create a legal state of affairs that is different from the underlying facts , such as corporate personhood although these are sometimes wrongly called legal fictions . The term `` legal fiction '' is not usually used in a pejorative way , and has been likened to scaffolding around a building under construction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "126bccc541c56129d011a788ad28afb7", "text": "Mockingbird (Eminem song) `` Mockingbird '' is a song by American rapper Eminem from his fifth studio album Encore ( 2004 ) . It was released as the fifth single from the album in April 2005 . It peaked at number eleven on the Billboard Hot 100 , and number four in the United Kingdom . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Solo Performance . `` Mockingbird '' was later included on Eminem 's greatest hits compilation album Curtain Call : The Hits ( 2005 ) . The song is another that addresses Eminem 's relationship with his daughter Hailie Jade , his adopted daughter Alaina and his relationship with his wife Kim . The single cover features a still from the video with Eminem sitting on the couch . This song was also featured on the 2005 compilation album Now That 's What I Call Music 19 ( U.S. series ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bf991f173e3e5cf68765e242de2f632b	Ethan Hawke is an acrobat.	[ { "docid": "bde336535674a97eb3490fe65bc64254", "text": "Ethan Hawke Ethan Green Hawke ( born November 6 , 1970 ) is an American actor , writer , and director . He has been nominated for four Academy Awards and a Tony Award . Hawke has directed two feature films , three Off-Broadway plays , and a documentary , and written the novels The Hottest State ( 1996 ) , Ash Wednesday ( 2002 ) , and Rules for a Knight ( 2015 ) . He made his film debut in 1985 with the science fiction feature Explorers , before making a breakthrough appearance in the 1989 drama Dead Poets Society . He then appeared in numerous films before taking a role in the 1994 Generation X drama Reality Bites , for which he received critical praise . In 1995 , Hawke first appeared in Richard Linklater 's romance trilogy , co-starring opposite Julie Delpy in Before Sunrise , and later in its sequels Before Sunset ( 2004 ) and Before Midnight ( 2013 ) , all of which met with critical acclaim . Hawke has been twice nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor ; his writing contributions to Before Sunset and Before Midnight were recognized , as were his performances in Training Day ( 2001 ) and Boyhood ( 2014 ) . Hawke was further honored with SAG Award nominations for both films , along with BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for the latter . His other films include the science fiction drama Gattaca ( 1997 ) , the contemporary adaptation of Hamlet ( 2000 ) , the action thriller Assault on Precinct 13 ( 2005 ) , the crime drama Before the Devil Knows You 're Dead ( 2007 ) , and the horror film Sinister ( 2012 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f74347e412126d24b6a9b274b52b3dbd", "text": "Theatrical jousting Coined in the late 20th century by American stunt performer Kent Shelton , the term theatrical jousting refers to a form of live entertainment in which a medieval jousting tournament is recreated in conjunction with a scripted performance . Alternative terms are `` jousting reenactment '' or `` choreographed jousting '' . The Hanlon-Lees Action Theater is credited with developing the theatrical joust format in 1979 ; its first appearance was at the New York Renaissance Faire in Tuxedo , New York . This type of performance has become very popular at various renaissance fairs by the early 2000s . Typically a three-act affair , the theatrical joust consists of a display of skill ; a mock battle which results in a verbal challenge ; an armed joust on horseback , often `` to the death . '' A variety of colorful characters , either villainous or heroic , give the audience ( which is usually divided into sectors based upon the number of `` knights '' ) a particular person to root for or against . As the show must be repeated on a daily or weekly basis , all fights are carefully choreographed and rehearsed . Horses must be trained to withstand such peculiarities as the clatter of steel weaponry , the occurrence of a rider being knocked from the saddle , and the roar of large crowds . Special makeup and/or property effects are often incorporated into the performance to provide the illusion of violent death or shattering equipment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afc1aceda31c48410d9df5a8dbf9bcc9", "text": "Johnny Strange Johnny Strange ( born 6 December 1988 ) , also known as The man with ears of steel , is an English world record breaking performance artist , producer and street performer based in London , England . He is known for performing daredevil stunts with a comedic twist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06cbfe397f75b515c2a95fcf50e6afa7", "text": "Monty \"Hawkeye\" Henson Monty Henson , sometimes known as Hawkeye Henson ( born October 1953 ) , is a three-time Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association ( PRCA ) world champion saddle bronc rider . He was born in Farmersville near Dallas , Texas . He grew up with childhood friend , PRCA bull riding champion , and fellow hall of famer Don Gay . Monty competed in many events as a boy and quickly became a fan favorite . During his rodeo career he won 3 world titles in 1975 , 1976 , and again in 1982 . He won the average at the National Finals Rodeo ( NFR ) 4 times . He won or placed at almost every major rodeo in the country . He has been around the world , rodeoing as well going to rodeos in Europe and Japan . Known for his flying dismount and infamous eagle feather in his hat , Hawkeye 's style and ability have been compared to those of the legendary Casey Tibbs . He qualified for the NFR 14 times . Henson was quoted as saying , `` I 'm a cowboy . That 's the best thing anybody could say about me . If I could have that on my tombstone -- Here lies Hawkeye , a cowboy -- then I can die a happy man . '' In 1994 , he was inducted in the Prorodeo Hall of Fame in Colorado Springs , Colorado . In 2002 , Hawkeye was inducted into the Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame located in the Fort Worth Stockyards in Fort Worth , Texas . Inducted for his rodeo accomplishments , the museum features many of his personal items used during his illustrious rodeo career . These items can only be seen at the museum . He has appeared in numerous television programs and films . In 2004 , he was cast as Hawkeye in four episodes of the HBO series Deadwood alongside Ian McShane , Timothy Olyphant , and Molly Parker . He is also a Country music entertainer . He also still promotes several rodeos across the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bebf6c66a2d0208d8c3e44691a15ac31", "text": "Back walkover A back walkover is an acrobatic maneuver in which a person transitions from a standing position to a back bridge and then back to a standing position again , undergoing a complete revolution of the body in the process . Back walkovers are commonly performed in a variety of athletic activities , including acro dance , cheerleading , and rhythmic gymnastics . In artistic gymnastics , back walkovers are performed in floor exercises and on the balance beam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5be59b6d3fab0c60a441759fef6e9da", "text": "Improvisation Improvisation is the term for the action of improvising . In a technical context , this can mean adapting a device for some use other than that which it was designed for , or building a device from unusual components in an ad-hoc fashion . Improvisation , within the context of performing arts , is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation . The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties , across all artistic , scientific , physical , cognitive , academic , and non-academic disciplines . Musical improvisation is usually defined as the composition ( and simultaneous playing ) of music , without prior preparation . Improvisational comedy is a theatre art performed throughout the world and has had on-again , off-again status throughout history . Dance improvisation is frequently used as a choreographic tool . Choreography is also frequently used as a tool for improvisation . Improvisation also exists outside the arts . Improvisation in engineering is to solve a problem with the tools and materials immediately at hand . Improvised weapons are often used by guerrillas , insurgents and criminals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50d8120beff08ea8f7643cfc965fc241", "text": "Avengers (video game) Avengers , sometimes known as Avenger , and known in Japan as , is a overhead-view vertically scrolling beat 'em up arcade game developed and published by Capcom . The game was directed by Takashi Nishiyama , who later co-planned the original Street Fighter and a few of SNK 's early fighting games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bf91495ce2827fa49820be8a87cf34d", "text": "Horizontal bar The horizontal bar , also known as the high bar , is an apparatus used by male gymnasts in artistic gymnastics . It traditionally consists of a cylindrical metal ( typically steel ) bar that is rigidly held above and parallel to the floor by a system of cables and stiff vertical supports . Gymnasts typically wear suede leather grips while performing on the bar . Current elite-level competition uses a more elastic fiberglass core rail similar in material to the rails used in the women 's uneven bars and men 's parallel bars apparatus . The gymnastics elements performed on the horizontal bar are regulated by a Code of Points . A bar routine , which is a sequence of several bar skills , usually includes giants with various grips ( overgrip , undergrip , dorsal grip , mixed grip ) , in-bar work , turns , release and regrasp skills , and a dismount . The horizontal bar is often considered one of the most exciting gymnastics events due to the power exhibited by gymnasts during giant swings and spectacular aerial releases and dismounts that often include multiple flips or twists and , in some cases , airborne travel over the bar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6ee6abd0424ff57bbb7ca83e9e63e12", "text": "Hawkeye Collins and Amy Adams Christopher `` Hawkeye '' Collins and Amy ( Amanda ) Adams are a pair of 12-year-old fictional detectives , the main characters in a series of children 's novels titled Can You Solve The Mystery ? , credited to M. Masters ( a pseudonym used by different writers ) , originally published from 1983 -- 1985 , by Meadowbrook Press . The series was republished in 1992 , 2006-2007 by Spotlight ( ABDO Publishing Company ) and most recently in 2013 by Meadowbrook Press as Can You Solve The Mystery ? .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "913694fffc427031d187adff7763f9c0", "text": "Hawken (video game) Hawken is a free-to-play multiplayer mech first-person shooter video game previously developed by Adhesive Games . The game focuses on creating an intense battle experience that captures the feel of piloting a mech while keeping the action fast-paced and strategic . The game features six game modes : Team Deathmatch , Deathmatch , Co-op Bot Destruction , Co-op Bot Team Deathmatch , Siege and Missile Assault . It currently follows the freemium model of game monetization with in-game purchases as the main source of revenue . Hawken had closed alpha and beta programs that took place before the official PC open beta release on 12 December 2012 . The game had been consistently updated with new content and balance changes in the form of a patch until Spring 2014 . Following Reloaded Games ' acquisition of the game 's IP and assets in March 2015 , the developers launched the game on the console platforms in early July 2016 . Currently , the goal of the developing team is to bring all platforms on the same patch version ; once completed , each subsequent update will become feature parity for all platforms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f70baff569a8022a98a92db2243646a", "text": "Avengers vs. X-Men Avengers vs. X-Men ( abbreviated AvX and AvsX ) is a 2012 crossover event that was featured in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The event , consisting of an eponymous limited series and numerous tie-in books , involves the return of the Phoenix Force and the subsequent war between the Avengers and the X-Men . The 12-issue twice-monthly series was first published in April 2012 , and features a storyline by Jason Aaron , Brian Michael Bendis , Ed Brubaker , Jonathan Hickman and Matt Fraction , with a rotating team of artists including John Romita , Jr. , Olivier Coipel and Adam Kubert . The event was preceded by the four-issue limited series Avengers : X-Sanction by Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness and Avengers vs. X-Men # 0 . Avengers vs. X-Men also ties into the limited series AVX : VS , described as `` the fight book '' which expands upon many of the one-on-one battles featured in the main series , the digital series ; Avengers vs. X-Men : Infinite , and into a number of ongoing series including Avengers , Avengers Academy , New Avengers , Secret Avengers , Uncanny X-Men , Wolverine and the X-Men and X-Men : Legacy . The event was succeeded by the limited series AvX : Consequences . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , Avengers vs. X-Men was a commercial success that topped the comic-book sales charts from April to October 2012 . The repercussions of the storyline resulted in the new status quos of the Marvel Universe presented in the company 's Marvel NOW ! relaunch initiative .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5505801d780fb12a1b06a8266d588c72", "text": "Calisthenics (Australia) In Australia , Calisthenics ( also known as Australian calisthenics ) is a team-based competitive performing art taking elements of rhythmic gymnastics and ballet combined with a strong emphasis on theatricality ( both musical and dramatic ) , costume , dance and musical interpretation . Since the 1950s Calisthenics has been an entirely female art form , however males have recently been re-introduced in the younger age groups . The art form was created entirely in Australia and can be easily differentiated from traditional calisthenics by its focus on competition and choreographed theatrical performance instead of simple synchronised exercise . The word itself comes from the Greek words for beauty and strength . Calisthenics is currently practised in all states except Tasmania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aea12ef24682f2fe795e3a1ba0caf0b", "text": "Hellfire Club (comics) The Hellfire Club is a fictional society appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The Hellfire Club often comes into confrontation with the mutant superhero team , the X-Men . Although the Club appears to merely be an international social club for wealthy elites , its clandestine Inner Circle seeks to influence world events , in accordance with their own agenda . Created by the Uncanny X-Men writer/artist duo of Chris Claremont and John Byrne , they were heavily influenced by a 1966 episode of the British television series The Avengers ( `` A Touch of Brimstone '' ) . The name `` Hellfire Club '' in fact has a historical precedent , having been a popular name for gentlemen 's clubs in the 18th century . Additionally , the hierarchy of the Inner Circle is modeled on the pieces of a chess set , with Black and White sets of Kings , Queens , Bishops and Rooks . The Hellfire Club and its Inner Circle were introduced in `` The Dark Phoenix Saga '' , attempting to subvert the X-Men 's Jean Grey . This incarnation , composed most notably of Black King Sebastian Shaw and White Queen Emma Frost , would remain prominent for many years . After their initial confrontations , the Hellfire Club and the X-Men settled into an uneasy alliance . This eventually changed as endless power struggles perpetuated a series of upheavals within the Inner Circle . The club has appeared in two X-Men animated series ( X-Men : The Animated Series and Wolverine and the X-Men ) , both times being renamed as simply The Inner Circle , due to the hesitations to use the word Hellfire in animated children series . Members of the Hellfire Club appeared in 2011 's X-Men : First Class as the main villains , led by Sebastian Shaw and Emma Frost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9097056973dea9498d6118827b93867", "text": "Scenic bios Scenic bios is the state of physicality that a performer generates in the act of performance . It is a state of readiness and energy that is above and beyond the daily . Daily energy is that which we all employ during ordinary activity . It is usually the minimum required for practical requirement . Extra daily energy on the other hand , is that which the performer employs by various means such as balance , anatomical alteration , and other less obvious devices such as extra awareness and understanding of certain principles , in the very act of performance . Some of these principles , first recognized and formulated in empirical studies by Eugenio Barba , may be learned or they may be inherent . Such principles as equivalence , dilation , rhythm and timing , all seem like second nature , and the performer may not know that she is applying them in any strict sense . But , Barba has demonstrated that through physical training and exercises of his devising these principles can become fruitfully exploited by the actor in her endeavours . All these principles are believed by Barba to exist in the actors pre-expressive being . This pre-expressivity is otherwise known as scenic bios , or stage ` presence ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52fc3f63dcfbb910a2891cae548cccd1", "text": "Act-Fancer: Cybernetick Hyper Weapon is a horizontally scrolling shoot 'em up arcade game developed and published by Data East . It features a cyborg battling against alien creatures , while collecting power-ups and defeating bosses to advance levels . Power-ups Blue orb - powers up fencer 1 evolution ; collect five from the `` Cis '' form ( named below ) to get the ultimate form `` Zakros '' . As you evolve , you will need to continually collect these to maintain form . If the `` evo timer '' ( not pictured in game ) runs out before you collect a blue orb , you will devolve 1 level . Red orb - increases time on evo timer ( mentioned above ) ; collect these to prolong your current form until you are able to collect an additional blue orb to evolve . Forms Initial form `` Nuts '' - fires forward ; you will revert to this form upon being hit by an enemy . If you take another hit from an enemy in this form , you will lose 1 life and start the stage over from either the beginning or a midpoint . First form `` Cis '' - fires two shots aimed at the ground which will ricochet and damage/destroy enemies . Second form `` Chiffon '' - fires three projectiles at the ground which explode on impact and jet flames high above the ground . Third form `` Ickx '' - fires five projectiles in a fan-like pattern from above the `` fencer '' ( main character ) Fourth form `` Benebu '' - fires fives projectiles from the rear of the fencer which fly forward and deal damage to enemies . Fifth form `` Ares '' - fires a projectile diagonally in the air which then fires projectiles in 8 directions . Sixth form `` Zakros '' - fires missiles into the air and fires homing projectiles at enemies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b387de483ebda523905a9f7ca2fc0a6f", "text": "Hawkeye (Kate Bishop) Hawkeye ( Katherine `` Kate '' Bishop ) is a fictional superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . She is a member of the Young Avengers , a team of superheroes in the Marvel Comics ' shared universe , the Marvel Universe . She is the third character and first female to take the Hawkeye name after Clint Barton of the Avengers and Wyatt McDonald of the Squadron Supreme . Her costume appearance is patterned on the first Hawkeye and Mockingbird .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aafbcbc08b511edf6b3c4f0fddd3bb74", "text": "Somersault A somersault ( also flip , heli , and in gymnastics salto ) is an acrobatic exercise in which a person 's body rotates 360 ° around a horizontal axis with the feet passing over the head . A somersault can be performed forwards , backwards , or sideways and can be executed in the air or on the ground . When performed on the ground it is typically called a roll . Somersault originates from an obsolete French word , sombresault , from Occitan sobresaut ; and ultimately Latin -- supra , `` over '' , and saltus , `` jump '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fbc6a6019538d1327d4a0bff3673357", "text": "Improvisational theatre Improvisational theatre , often called improv or impro , is the form of theatre , often comedy , in which most or all of what is performed is unplanned or unscripted : created spontaneously by the performers . In its purest form , the dialogue , action , story , and characters are created collaboratively by the players as the improvisation unfolds in present time , without use of an already prepared , written script . Improvisational theatre exists in performance as a range of styles of improvisational comedy as well as some non-comedic theatrical performances . It is sometimes used in film and television , both to develop characters and scripts and occasionally as part of the final product . Improvisational techniques are often used extensively in drama programs to train actors for stage , film , and television and can be an important part of the rehearsal process . However , the skills and processes of improvisation are also used outside of the context of performing arts . It is used in classrooms as an educational tool and in businesses as a way to develop communication skills , creative problem solving , and supportive team-work abilities that are used by improvisational , ensemble players . It is sometimes used in psychotherapy as a tool to gain insight into a person 's thoughts , feelings , and relationships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da56ca50745d720faa5cb019e214cea", "text": "Bob Anderson (fencer) Robert James Gilbert `` Bob '' Anderson ( 15 September 1922 -- 1 January 2012 ) was a British Olympic fencer , and a renowned film fight choreographer , with a cinema career that spanned more than 50 years and included films such as Highlander , The Princess Bride , The Mask of Zorro , The Lord of the Rings , and Die Another Day . He was regarded as the premier choreographer of Hollywood sword-fighting , and during his career he coached many actors in swordsmanship , including Errol Flynn , Sean Connery , Antonio Banderas , Viggo Mortensen , Adrian Paul , and Johnny Depp . He also appeared as a stunt double for Darth Vader 's lightsaber battles in The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b17552feb51e21ea8a06d8c1de55a2e0", "text": "Duet Acting Duet Acting ( often shortened to `` Duet '' or abbreviated as `` DA '' in tournament schedules and results ) is an event in competitive high school forensics . Similar to Duo Interpretation , Duet Acting varies in two major respects : first , Duet is not an official National Forensic League event although some state organizations , such as the Texas Forensic Association , the Louisiana High School Speech League , and ( formerly ) the Ohio High School Speech League practice the event . Secondly , unlike Duo , in which the actors are not permitted to make eye contact with each other or touch each other , Duet incorporates an element of acting . Cuttings must be made from scripts . Duet Acting involves two people , two chairs , and ( in some jurisdictions ) a table ; the furniture is supplied in each room of competition . Time limits vary , but generally each acting pair performs an eight - to twelve-minute scene , typically using only two characters . Occasionally the performers change roles , but can only play one character per scene in the manner of dramatic or humorous interpretation . The pieces may be either serious or funny , and the extensive use of movement is permitted ( i.e. , interaction between both characters , as well as with the table and chairs ) . Duet Acting has been removed from the Ohio High School Speech League . Category : Debating", "title": "" } ]	fever
7bcf5731fc3168d1ea0633754c756e14	Steve McQueen worked in the film industry.	[ { "docid": "3c9bbbdb2a164885a422f77dc5700355", "text": "The Magnificent Seven The Magnificent Seven is a 1960 American Western film directed by John Sturges and starring Yul Brynner , Eli Wallach , Horst Buchholz , James Coburn , Brad Dexter , Steve McQueen , Robert Vaughn , and Charles Bronson . The film is an Old West-style remake of Akira Kurosawa 's 1954 Japanese film Seven Samurai . Brynner , McQueen , Buchholz , Bronson , Vaughn , Coburn , and Dexter portray the title characters , a group of seven gunfighters hired to protect a small village in Mexico from a group of marauding bandits and their leader ( Wallach ) . The film 's musical score was composed by Elmer Bernstein . In 2013 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "647b62298b37efc2f39c7e732ab14ecc", "text": "Steve McQueen Terence Steven `` Steve '' McQueen ( March 24 , 1930 -- November 7 , 1980 ) was an American actor . Called `` The King of Cool , '' his `` anti-hero '' persona developed at the height of the counterculture of the 1960s and made him a top box-office draw of the 1960s and 1970s . McQueen received an Academy Award nomination for his role in The Sand Pebbles . His other popular films include The Cincinnati Kid , The Thomas Crown Affair , Bullitt , The Getaway , and Papillon , as well as the all-star ensemble films The Magnificent Seven , The Great Escape , and The Towering Inferno . In 1974 , he became the highest-paid movie star in the world , although he did not act in films again for four years . McQueen was combative with directors and producers , but his popularity placed him in high demand and enabled him to command large salaries .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cb949a360d6ffbbc076980cfe0af9976", "text": "A Place to Stand (film) A Place to Stand is a 1967 film produced and edited by the Canadian artist and filmmaker Christopher Chapman for the Ontario pavilion at Expo 67 in Montréal , Québec , Canada . For the film , he pioneered the concept of moving panes , of moving images , within the single context of the screen . At times there are 15 separate images moving at once . This technique , which he dubbed `` multi-dynamic image technique '' has since been employed in many films , notably Norman Jewison 's 1968 film The Thomas Crown Affair . Mr. Jewison has credited Mr. Chapman as the creator of the edit style . The technique can also be seen on television in the series 24 . It is said that most of the editing decisions were worked out in an accountant 's spreadsheet book and the pencil edit plan resembled flow charts . Chapman has said that at one point in the editing process he stood there in the room , bits of footage hanging from clips all around him . He felt crushed by the force of his vision and he was a breath away from quitting . Even at the first screening , Chapman was exhausted and unsure but as he left the room , Steve McQueen watching at the back , grabbed Chapman and told him that he was blown away by the film . The 18-minute film used 70mm stock and was projected onto a 66 by 30 foot screen . It contains no dialogue , but only music by a 45-member orchestra and a 15-member choir . Its theme song , `` A Place to Stand , a Place to Grow '' , written by Dolores Claman and Richard Morris , and orchestrated by Jerry Toth , enjoyed great popularity on its own . Commissioned by the Ontario Department of Economics and Development from the Toronto commercial design studio TDF and premiered at the Expo 67 Ontario Pavilion on April 28 , 1967 , it was seen by some two million at Expo 67 itself and later by a further estimated 100 million in North America and Europe in cinema release . It was nominated for an Academy Award in two categories : Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Live Action Short Subject . It won the latter prize , which Chapman accepted on April 10 , 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54d6b22c96590a434f65fa71434d1170", "text": "Steve Schofield Steve Schofield is a British photographer . He is primarily known for his portraits , especially his narrative portrait style of photography . Some of his photographs of actors , musicians , and writers are included in the London National Portrait Gallery 's permanent collection , whilst his body of work titled `` Land of The Free '' and several other exhibits have been shown in galleries and art festivals throughout Europe . In 2007 , The Times listed Schofield as one of five young artists to watch . He was selected for the group show `` Fresh Faced and Wide Eyed '' at The Photographers ' Gallery in London in 2008 . In 2012 , he was commissioned by The Photographers ' Gallery to produce a piece of work in honor of London 's hosting of the 2012 Olympics . Robert Clark , art critic at The Guardian , said in a review of the exhibition `` Hotel '' that Schofield `` is one of the most promising young photo artists around . He has an unusual eye for the telling pose , the dramas enticingly hidden by a shadow , the social psychology that is hinted at by compositional tension . '' Schofield 's subjects , covering a range of actors , musicians , artists , and other public figures , have included Adam Driver for Vogue magazine , Alec Baldwin for the cover of New York magazine , Ozzy Osbourne for The Times , Nick Cave for the cover of Rolling Stone , and the cast of Orange Is the New Black for the magazine of the Emmy Awards . The result was the magazine 's first tri-fold cover . Schofield studied at the University of Derby and London College of Communication ( formerly the London College of Printing ) . He is based in the United States and Europe , and he speaks at colleges and universities about his work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c66954e4bc3ff89267e873574f2b491", "text": "The Thomas Crown Affair The Thomas Crown Affair is either of two films : The Thomas Crown Affair ( 1968 film ) , a 1968 film starring Steve McQueen and Faye Dunaway The Thomas Crown Affair ( 1999 film ) , a 1999 remake of the 1968 film , starring Pierce Brosnan and Rene Russo", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20e05902ce2f2de46d2e6c0131e45c0f", "text": "Michael Fassbender filmography Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Burton `` Pat '' Christenson . Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama Hearts and Bones ( 2001 ) , Guy Fawkes in the miniseries Gunpowder , Treason & Plot ( 2004 ) , Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film A Bear Named Winnie ( 2004 ) , and Azazeal in the series Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder 's 300 ( 2007 ) . The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen 's historical drama Hunger . His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards , and the Irish Film and Television Awards . Fassbender appeared as a British soldier in Quentin Tarantino-directed film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) . Two years later , he played Carl Jung in David Cronenberg 's A Dangerous Method , and a man suffering with sex addiction in McQueen 's Shame . His performance in the latter earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year he also appeared in superhero film X-Men : First Class as Magneto . In 2013 , Fassbender reteamed with McQueen on the period drama 12 Years a Slave . For his role as a slave owner in the film he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . The following year , he reprised his role as Magneto in the superhero sequel X-Men : Days of Future Past which grossed a box-office total of over $ 747 million -- his highest grossing release as of April 2016 . In 2015 , he appeared as the title character in Justin Kurzel 's film adaptation of the play Macbeth . In the same year , Fassbender 's portrayal of Steve Jobs in Danny Boyle 's eponymous film garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e187f596d4ae63107774a2b4eba2a291", "text": "Color motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera , and to finished motion picture film , ready for use in a projector , which bears images in color . The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902 . A simplified additive system was successfully commercialized in 1909 as Kinemacolor . These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters . Around 1920 , the first practical subtractive color processes were introduced . These also used black-and-white film to photograph multiple color-filtered source images , but the final product was a multicolored print that did not require special projection equipment . Before 1932 , when three-strip Technicolor was introduced , commercialized subtractive processes used only two color components and could reproduce only a limited range of color . In 1935 , Kodachrome was introduced , followed by Agfacolor in 1936 . They were intended primarily for amateur home movies and `` slides '' . These were the first films of the `` integral tripack '' type , coated with three layers of differently color-sensitive emulsion , which is usually what is meant by the words `` color film '' as commonly used . The few color films still being made in the 2010s are of this type . The first color negative films and corresponding print films were modified versions of these films . They were introduced around 1940 but only came into wide use for commercial motion picture production in the early 1950s . In the US , Eastman Kodak 's Eastmancolor was the usual choice , but it was often re-branded with another trade name , such as `` WarnerColor '' , by the studio or the film processor . Later color films were standardized into two distinct processes : Eastman Color Negative 2 chemistry ( camera negative stocks , duplicating interpositive and internegative stocks ) and Eastman Color Positive 2 chemistry ( positive prints for direct projection ) , usually abbreviated as ECN-2 and ECP-2 . Fuji 's products are compatible with ECN-2 and ECP-2 . Film was the dominant form of cinematography until the 2010s , when it was largely replaced by digital cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3fc8786895e87624acbf774f04f73e", "text": "Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. . Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. . Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dbfd1cea9ace7721909ada2d6207b8", "text": "List of British films of 2013 The British film industry produced over five hundred feature films in 2013 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by the United Kingdom . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2013 . Also included is an overview of the major events in British film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that were particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for a number of low budget and independent horror films , such as In Fear , Devil 's Pass , Dementamania and Stalled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce1cca31b813e3d384d0448134693a3f", "text": "Film industry in Georgia (U.S. state) The film industry in Georgia was , in 2015 , the third largest among U.S. states , eclipsed only by California and New York State . The industry in Georgia was boosted substantially by tax incentives introduced in 2002 and strengthened in 2008 . The state government claims $ 770 million in economic impact to Georgia ( 2009 ) , while industry sources claim that the tax subsidy costs the state $ 141 million ( 2010 ) . Atlanta is the center of the film industry in Georgia with Turner , Tyler Perry and EUE/Screen Gems studios located there . There were 348 productions shot in the state in 2009 . Films shot in Georgia include Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns ( 2008 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , and Contagion ( 2011 ) . Atlanta has been called the `` Hollywood of the South '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c87e17d97b21620c16a8a0bbcf5f3eaa", "text": "Papillon (film) Papillon is a 1973 American crime drama prison film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner , based on the best-selling autobiography by the French convict Henri Charrière . The film stars Steve McQueen as Henri Charrière ( `` Papillon '' ) , and Dustin Hoffman as Louis Dega . Because it was filmed at remote locations , the film was quite expensive for the time ( $ 12 million ) , but it readily earned more than twice that in the first year of public distribution . The film 's title is French for `` Butterfly , '' referring to Charrière 's tattoo and nickname .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6824ea1eab85c21438c65f7b681406", "text": "List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award . Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281ad9273c5fdedf6b01919646686394", "text": "Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee . Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 . When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1a6718025ad55ffc029fb444a7c55b4", "text": "Steve Guttenberg Steven Robert `` Steve '' Guttenberg ( born August 24 , 1958 ) is an American actor , author , businessman , producer , and director . He starred in 1984 's Police Academy , and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s , including Cocoon , Three Men and a Baby , and Short Circuit .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7dccb3c0fbd819cc74864c1b69a377b1	Scarlett Johansson has yet to release the album Break Up.	[ { "docid": "6ac9bc83246391633e18e8d4c44759c8", "text": "Scarlett Johansson Scarlett Johansson ( -LSB- dʒoʊˈhænsən -RSB- born November 22 , 1984 ) is an American actress , model , and singer . She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North ( 1994 ) . Johansson subsequently starred in Manny & Lo ( 1996 ) , and garnered further acclaim and prominence with roles in The Horse Whisperer ( 1998 ) and Ghost World ( 2001 ) . She shifted to adult roles with her performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring ( 2003 ) and Lost in Translation ( 2003 ) , for which she won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . Her subsequent films included A Love Song for Bobby Long ( 2004 ) , Match Point ( 2005 ) , The Island ( 2005 ) , The Black Dahlia ( 2006 ) , The Prestige ( 2006 ) , The Other Boleyn Girl ( 2008 ) , Vicky Cristina Barcelona ( 2008 ) , He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) , Don Jon ( 2013 ) , Her ( 2013 ) , Under the Skin ( 2013 ) , Lucy ( 2014 ) , The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , and Ghost in the Shell ( 2017 ) . Since 2008 , Johansson has also portrayed the Marvel Comics character Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . She won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in the 2010 Broadway revival of A View from the Bridge . As a singer , Johansson has released two albums , Anywhere I Lay My Head ( 2008 ) and Break Up ( 2009 ) . Johansson is considered one of Hollywood 's modern sex symbols , and has frequently appeared in published lists of the sexiest women in the world . , she is the highest-grossing actress of all time in North America , with her films making over $ 3.6 billion . In 2016 , she was the highest-grossing actress , with a $ 1.2 billion total for the year .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ec5075c8cac9dbaef9c54318cc24d4be", "text": "Inge Johansson Inge Johansson ( -LSB- ˈɪŋɡeɪ -RSB- ) ( born May 10 , 1977 ) is the bass player of the Florida-based punk band Against Me ! . He was previously the bass player of the politically charged punk/rock band The ( International ) Noise Conspiracy , formed in Umeå , Sweden in 1998 with Dennis Lyxzén , Sara Almgren , Ludwig Dahlberg and Lars Strömberg . Before forming The ( International ) Noise Conspiracy , Johansson was one of the many bass players that played in the straight edge hardcore band Refused . The ( International ) Noise Conspiracy recorded and played more than 700 shows worldwide as an active band between 1998 and 2009 , and recorded two of their albums with producer Rick Rubin for Rubins label American Recordings . Johansson was also the singer of the hardcore band Totalt Jävla Mörker ( a band heavily influenced by Discharge , Norwegian Black Metal and Industrial Music ) , which he formed in his hometown Skellefteå in 1997 . Johansson recorded and toured as an active member with both Totalt Jävla Mörker and The ( International ) Noise Conspiracy until 2005 when he left Totalt Jävla Mörker due to lack of time and internal disagreement about the band 's future musical direction . In 2003 he formed Knugen Faller , a punk band where he played guitar and worked as the main songwriter . Knugen Faller split up in 2005 after two EPs , one LP and a bunch of tours around Scandinavia . When not playing with his original bands , Johansson was a stand-in and studio bass player for various others , including ; The Lost Patrol Band and Imperial State Electric and has also worked as a record producer . In 2005 , Johansson started the label Ny Våg together with his good friend Dennis Lyxzén , and toured as a DJ on a regular basis . Between 2009 and 2010 , he played in Swedish soul/rock/hiphop-artist Adiam Dymotts back up band with Thomas Rusiak , among various others . In 2011 , Johansson teamed up with ex Hellacopters-frontman Nicke Andersson to form a band called Alonzo & Fas 3 . During the same year Johansson started to work as a touring member of Brazilian electro outfit CSS . Johansson played bass for CSS until the end of 2012 . In 2012 , Johansson played bass in English/German power pop band `` Cryssis '' , featuring Vom Ritchie ( drummer of Die Toten Hosen ) and the same year , he was also in a Swedish street punk band called `` Stilett '' . On August 29 , 2013 , Johansson was announced as the new bass player for Against Me !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7cae59001700bc7ac55a240ff5cc882", "text": "Jonas Brothers discography The Jonas Brothers have released four studio albums , three extended plays , three live albums , four soundtrack albums , seventeen singles , seven promotional singles , nineteen music videos and other album appearances . The band released four albums : It 's About Time ( 2006 ) , Jonas Brothers ( 2007 ) , A Little Bit Longer ( 2008 ) , and Lines , Vines and Trying Times ( 2009 ) . In 2008 , the group was nominated for the Best New Artist award at the 51st Grammy Awards and won the award for Breakthrough Artist at the American Music Awards . As of May 2009 , before the release of Lines , Vines and Trying Times , they have sold over eight million albums worldwide . After a hiatus during 2010 and 2011 to pursue solo-projects , the group reconciled in 2012 to record a new album , which was cancelled following their break-up on October 29 , 2013 . They have sold over 17 million albums worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "002b0ed3b8fdaa52436ee165c4859691", "text": "Mathias Johansson (producer) Mathias Johansson also known as Blackcell is a Swedish songwriter and record producer who has worked and as a partnership producing team with Henrik Korpi under the name Korpi & Blackcell . Mathias Johansson ( Blackcell ) started in Gothenburg part circuit and later on he became singer/frontman for Swedish band Solomon . He took part in live performances as backing vocals for the band Tiger Lou . His big break came when he co-produced in partnership with Henrik Korpi Sophie Ellis-Bextor 's hit `` Get Over You '' ( # 3 in UK 's Singles Chart ) and her album Read My Lips ( # 2 on the UK album charts ) . He joined Murlyn Music Group as a writer/producer teaming up mainly with Henrik Korpi with whom he formed the `` Korpi & Blackcell '' partnership . Blackcell plays guitar , bass , piano and drums . He is also an accomplished programmer and studio engineer . Johansson is responsible for a string of international hits for a number of renowned artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26d1e8727400ccc4f7c62841b61619bd", "text": "The Moon Song `` The Moon Song '' is a song from the 2013 feature film Her , with music composed by Karen Orzolek ( Karen O ) and lyrics by Karen Orzolek and Spike Jonze . Performed by Karen O during the film 's end credits , the song was also performed by the film 's main characters , Samantha ( Scarlett Johansson ) and Theodore ( Joaquin Phoenix ) . It was released by WaterTower Music on February 11 , 2014 . In January 2014 , the song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 86th Academy Awards , but lost to `` Let It Go '' from Frozen . Karen O performed the song at the ceremony accompanied by Ezra Koenig on guitar on March 2 , 2014 . In December 2014 , the song was nominated for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 57th Grammy Awards but again lost to `` Let It Go '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55106951dbcc01509c25541bdd3ba1a3", "text": "Blake (band) Blake is a British vocal group . Blake comprises three men whose friendship and musical careers date back to their school days . After reuniting via Facebook as adults they had recorded their first album in six months . It went to No. 1 in the UK Classical Album Chart , selling over 100,000 copies in three weeks , earning the group a Gold Disc . The album received the Classical Brit Award for Album of the Year in 2008 . Their second album , And So It Goes , peaked at No. 12 in the UK pop charts and No. 1 in several classical charts around the world . During 2008 and 2009 the group undertook tours of Australia and Japan . 2009 continued with a tour , the creation of their new record label , Blake Records , and the release of their third album , Together . They finished 2009 with a 30-night tour in Scandinavia . In 2010 ` Beautiful Earth ' was selected by the World Wildlife Fund as its Earth Hour Anthem , and their album Together reached No. 1 in the Australian Classical Charts and No. 1 in the South African Classical Charts . Blake took their ` An Evening With Blake ' show to over 40 locations throughout the UK , performing to over 50,000 people . After being invited to Buckingham Palace twice during 2010 , Blake released ` All of Me ' in 2011 - written by Simon May . Blake had over 90 live concert appearances in 2011 . They had début tours of the Philippines and Russia and headlined the Henley Festival . They also performed for Prince Albert and Princess Charlene of Monaco . In 2012 the toured China and the USA for the first time and returned to the Philippines for 20 concerts there . In addition to long hours in the recording studio working on their fourth album , the group also found time for a performance at the Olympic Stadium in the run-up to the 2012 Games . In 2013 Blake launched their fourth album Start Over in the UK and the USA . The year also saw performances at Wembley Stadium for the Rugby League Cup final , the group 's first play-listed song on BBC Radio 2 ( ` So Happy ' ) , tours to Indonesia and Trinidad & Tobago plus the launchof their first Asia-only album . Towards the end of 2013 , the band launched two charity singles . ` You Raise Me Up ' was recorded with the soprano Camilla Kerslake and the ` Sing To Beat Breast Cancer Choir ' , made up entirely of women affected by the disease , and was released in October shortly before a 20 date UK tour where Camilla appeared as their guest artist . ` To The Sun ' was released in November and debuted live in Trafalgar square as the anthem for the launch of the Walking With The Wounded South Pole challenge in the presence of Prince Harry . Blake are also ambassadors for certain charities , which include , amongst others , Cancer Research , The War Widows Association , The World Wildlife Fund , Clic Sargent , The Prince 's Trust , Variety ( The Children 's Charity ) , MIND , Starlight , The Royal British Legion and Help for Heroes . The band continue to do much work for military charities , performing at the opening of the Bomber Command Memorial in London for the Queen and 5,000 veterans in the summer of 2012 . At the end of 2014 Blake released their fifth album In Harmony . In 2015 Blake have been back on tour throughout the UK , played at the famous Holders Festival in Barbados . After funding their first independent album on Pledge , Blake teamed up with Dame Shirley Bassey for a version of The Christmas Song ( Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire ) which will appear on their first ever Christmas album . Dame Shirley explains how the collaboration came about : `` Blake sang Moon River at my 70th birthday party , and then we met again at the reception of -LSB- the charity -RSB- Variety 's 70th anniversary six months ago . Ollie mentioned singing a Christmas song together , and I said I 've never done a Christmas song before ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03931f49f7112e15897cb1c782cfbe82", "text": "Gone Too Long Gone too Long is an album by the Swedish singer Charlotte Perrelli , released on 30 June 2004 . It peaked highest at 11th place on the Swedish music charts . The song `` Long Way Home '' was written by British pop group Steps , before their 2001 split .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4998203fd2304d3fa9d90a75842df5a8", "text": "Bare Trees Bare Trees is the sixth studio album by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac , released in March 1972 . This is their last album to feature Danny Kirwan , who was fired during the album 's supporting tour . In the wake of the band 's success in the mid-1970s , Bare Trees peaked at No. 70 and achieved Gold status in 1976 and certified platinum in 1988 for selling over a million copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72eea517f7898c68bb7be1eedd11125c", "text": "To Those Left Behind To Those Left Behind is the fifth studio album from metalcore band Blessthefall . The first single , `` Up in Flames '' was released on July 9 , 2015 , while the band was on Vans Warped Tour 2015 . The third album by the band to feature the same line-up , it was released on September 18 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb78d839de029f4f8e6ccfea7cca6929", "text": "The Pussycat Dolls discography The discography of American girl group The Pussycat Dolls consists of two studio albums , one extended play , two live albums , 14 singles , two promotional singles and 13 music videos . To date , the group has sold 15 million albums and 40 million singles worldwide . In 2003 , Robin Antin struck a joint venture with Interscope Records to develop the Pussycat Dolls into a recording group . In 2004 , the group made their musical debut by releasing a cover of `` Sway '' , for the soundtrack to the film , Shall We Dance ? . Their self-titled debut album was released in September 2005 and it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 . It earned double platinum certification in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and 3 × platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and 4 × platinum the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The album 's lead single , `` Do n't Cha '' , peaked atop the charts in 15 countries and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Its follow-up singles , `` Stickwitu '' and `` Buttons '' were also a commercial success peaking in the top five on charts worldwide . After the success of their debut album , The Pussycat Dolls released their first video album , Pussycat Dolls : Live from London in 2006 to coincide with the group 's headlining world tour . As of 2008 , PCD has sold 3 million copies in the United States . After a three-year hiatus in hopes to further Scherzinger 's own solo career , the group reunited to record their second and final studio album , Doll Domination in September 2008 . Scherzinger began to receive a larger input in the recording process as co-writer and co-producer of the album . Doll Domination garnered a higher peak position than PCD of number four on Billboard 200 , but failed to match its predecessor 's commercial success . Its lead single `` When I Grow Up '' became another top ten single for the group . `` I Hate This Part '' was released as the second single and managed to attain similar success . In early 2009 , Doll Domination was re-released as two compilation albums . The lead single from Doll Domination 2.0 was `` Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) '' which reached number one in 17 countries and follow-up single `` Hush Hush ; Hush Hush '' reached the top 20 worldwide . In 2010 , the original recording group line-up disbanded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c992805789e5d03ef1aa71b01919898", "text": "From the Roots Up From the Roots Up is the debut studio album released by English singer-songwriter Delilah . The album was released on 30 July 2012 via Atlantic Records . The album 's release follows the release of four hit singles : `` Go '' , `` Love You So '' , `` Breathe '' , and a cover of Minnie Riperton 's `` Inside My Love '' . The album entered the UK Albums Chart at # 5 . Following the release of the album , `` Shades of Grey '' was also issued as a single . Delilah unveiled the album cover and tracklist on 16 May 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d7c64a6cc727816fb2e5f2c22ff5ae2", "text": "Falling Out (Peter Bjorn and John album) Falling Out is the second album by Peter Bjorn and John , released on October 4 , 2004 . While no videos were released , three singles were derived from the album ; the promo-only single for Tailormade and full releases for Teen Love and It Beats Me Every Time . The last track on the album , ` Goodbye Again , Or ... ' is of very low quality in all formats , due to the only recording of the song coming from lead singer and guitarist Peter Moren 's mobile phone - added to the album on the last day before mastering . During the tour for his first solo album The Last Tycoon , Moren has performed the song acoustically in an extended form featuring a harmonica solo . Wichita Recordings , responsible for later re-releases of the band 's early work , later re-released this album with bonus tracks taken from the singles derived from the album , in the same manner as their debut work . The bonus tracks on this re-release included the extra tracks from the ` Beats , Traps & Backgrounds ' EP and ` Fortune Favours Only The Brave ' , from the ` Teen Love ' single . The single covers are notable for being composed entirely of text in the same font as that on the monochrome album art , which itself is a homage to The Velvet Underground 's third , self-titled album . The all-text theme carried over into the band 's live shows , with the backdrop printed with the word ` Backdrop ' repeating endlessly over it , and the amplifiers decorated in the same manner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95dff7d1ed35a2aae30c94dea5ad22ef", "text": "Dahlia (album) Dahlia is the fifth studio album by Japanese heavy metal band X Japan , released on November 4 , 1996 by Atlantic Records . It is the band 's last album before breaking up the following year , and the last to feature new work by guitarist hide , due to his death two years later . The album is composed largely of ballads , with only a few tracks retaining the band 's heavier musical traits seen on previous releases . It topped the Oricon chart and stayed on the chart for only 15 weeks , but managed to sell over half a million copies . Seven , nearly all , of the album 's songs were released as singles , most of which also topped the singles chart and sold well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f076c7162615953d145e0dd44728a40a", "text": "This Is the End of Control This Is the End of Control is the debut studio album by American rock band Hey Violet , then known as Cherri Bomb . It was released on May 15 , 2012 by Hollywood Records . Prior to the album 's release , the song `` Shake the Ground '' was featured on the The Avengers soundtrack . The album features the song `` Let It Go '' from the 2011 EP Stark . The album peaked at 24 on Billboards Top Hard Rock Albums and at 11 on Top Heatseekers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93882bcbf40c48e32f42886331563562", "text": "Melissa Etheridge Melissa Lou Etheridge ( born May 29 , 1961 ) is an American singer-songwriter , guitarist , and activist . Her self-titled debut album Melissa Etheridge was released in 1988 and became an underground success . The album peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard 200 , and its lead single , `` Bring Me Some Water '' , garnered Etheridge her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Vocal Performance , Female . In 1993 , Etheridge won her first Grammy award for her single `` Ai n't It Heavy '' from her third album , Never Enough . Later that year , she released what would become her mainstream breakthrough album , Yes I Am . Its tracks `` I 'm the Only One '' and `` Come to My Window '' both reached the top 30 in the United States , and the latter earned Etheridge her second Grammy award . Yes I Am peaked at No. 15 on the Billboard 200 , and spent 138 weeks on the chart , earning a RIAA certification of 6x Platinum , her largest to date . In October 2004 , Etheridge was diagnosed with breast cancer , and underwent surgery and chemotherapy . At the 2005 Grammy Awards , she made a return to the stage and , although bald from chemotherapy , performed a tribute to Janis Joplin with the song `` Piece of My Heart '' . Etheridge 's performance was widely lauded , with India.Arie writing `` I Am Not My Hair '' about Etheridge . Later that year , Etheridge released her first compilation album , Greatest Hits : The Road Less Traveled . The album was a success , peaking at No. 14 on the Billboard 200 , and going Gold almost immediately . Her latest studio album is This Is M.E. . Etheridge is known for her mixture of `` confessional lyrics , pop-based folk-rock , and raspy , smoky vocals . '' She has also been a gay and lesbian activist since her public coming out in January 1993 . She has received fifteen Grammy Award nominations throughout her career , winning two , in 1993 and 1995 , respectively . In 2007 , she won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` I Need to Wake Up '' from the film An Inconvenient Truth . In September 2011 , Etheridge received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7746a89703f34dbe6f12e223ef3399cf", "text": "Twenty Twenty (band) Twenty Twenty are a pop punk band based in London , Cambridge and Essex , UK . They are made up of lead vocalist/guitarist Sam Halliday , brother and bassist/vocalist Jack Halliday , and drummer/vocalist Sonny Watson-Lang . The band have supported acts such as The Wanted , The Saturdays , Avril Lavigne , Scouting For Girls , Big Time Rush and Selena Gomez . Festival appearances have included playing with JLS , Diversity , and McFly . July 2010 saw the band play at the O2 Arena with The Saturdays , and Tinchy Stryder . In early 2011 Twenty Twenty supported The Saturdays on a UK tour throughout February and March and supported The Wanted in March and April . 17 April 2011 saw the release of the band 's new single and their first release signed to a major label . Their debut album `` Small Talk '' was released on 2 May 2011 . On 10 January 2014 Sam and Jack officially announced the band 's split on the sugarscape website after drummer Sonny Watson-Lang 's departure from the band six months earlier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72160165640e9e84d81a26f459093ea1", "text": "A Girl, a Bottle, a Boat A Girl , a Bottle , a Boat ( stylized as a girl a bottle a boat ) is the tenth studio album by American band Train , released on January 27 , 2017 , through Columbia Records . It is the band 's first album without lead guitarist and founding member Jimmy Stafford . Although he is not on the new album , he is currently still partially involved with the band , as he continues to play with them at some live performances and events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b09a89c0c5d87524966653ad887d9b5", "text": "For Crying Out Loud (album) For Crying Out Loud is the sixth studio album by English rock band Kasabian . It was released worldwide on 5 May 2017 . This is the first Kasabian album to have a Parental Advisory label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9b435d5ae6ac23abd1a58514f1ada9a", "text": "Tålamod Tålamod was released on October 24 , 2007 and is a studio album from Swedish pop singer Shirley Clamp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0fb24a7db589a9c29ea2db5a2e945cb", "text": "In the Deep (Maria Solheim album) In The Deep is an album by Norwegian singer-songwriter Maria Solheim released October 12 , 2012 by Universal Music Group ( UPC : 00602537176069 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d85b49573e8706a7e719fff3eb46288b", "text": "Not Even Happiness Not Even Happiness is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Julie Byrne . It was released on 13 January 2017 by Basin Rock in the United Kingdom and on 27 January 2017 by Ba Da Bing ! Records in the United States .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4d0470904e08e56439156335dd918307	Memorial Day is observed in May.	[ { "docid": "327909d9c370da10c9977bc6d73385f8", "text": "Memorial Day Memorial Day is a federal holiday in the United States for remembering the people who died while serving in the country 's armed forces . The holiday , which is currently observed every year on the last Monday of May , was held on May 30 from 1868-1971 . It marks the start of the unofficial summer vacation season , while Labor Day marks its end . Many people visit cemeteries and memorials , particularly to honor those who have died in military service . Many volunteers place an American flag on each grave in national cemeteries . Memorial Day is not to be confused with Veterans Day ; Memorial Day is a day of remembering the men and women who died while serving , while Veterans Day celebrates the service of all U.S. military veterans .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c172c3e02be9934146b67ec3c2b18d57", "text": "International Day of Families The International Day of Families is observed on the 15th of May every year . The Day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in 1993 with resolution A/RES/47 / 237 and reflects the importance the international community attaches to families . The International Day provides an opportunity to promote awareness of issues relating to families and to increase knowledge of the social , economic and demographic processes affecting families .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f652445cb8cfc56e35ff1448f61662f", "text": "Emancipation Memorial The Emancipation Memorial , also known as the Freedman 's Memorial or the Emancipation Group , and sometimes referred to as the `` Lincoln Memorial '' before the more prominent so-named memorial was built , is a monument in Lincoln Park in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington , D.C. Designed and sculpted by Thomas Ball and erected in 1876 , the monument depicts Abraham Lincoln in his role of the `` Great Emancipator '' freeing a male African American slave modeled on Archer Alexander . The ex-slave is depicted on one knee , with one fist clenched , shirtless and shackled at the president 's feet . The statue originally faced west towards the U.S. Capitol until it was rotated east in 1974 in order to face the newly-erected Mary McLeod Bethune Memorial . The monument has long been the subject of controversy . According to information from American University : Despite being paid for by African Americans , historian Kirk Savage in 1997 condemned it as `` a monument entrenched in and perpetuating racist ideology '' because of the supplicant and inferior position of the Black figure . The statue is a contributing monument to the Civil War Monuments in Washington , DC , of the National Register of Historic Places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf3ecbe7420368f262ee13745df96de9", "text": "Lowestoft War Memorial Museum The Lowestoft War Memorial Museum is a museum located in Lowestoft in the English county of Suffolk . It is housed in the World War Two headquarters of the Royal Naval Patrol Service in Sparrows Nest Gardens in the north of the town . The museum is dedicated to all of the people of Lowestoft who served during World War One and World War Two . It was opened in 1995 , to coincide with the 50th anniversary of VE day on 8 May that year . The museum is operated by volunteers and is open on some weekends and school holidays during the summer period . Inside the museum is a small chapel and the roll of honour for civilians killed by enemy action in Lowestoft during both World Wars . There are numerous exhibits and photographs , including many that relate to the wartime defences of the town and the effect on the town and its population of the destruction caused by enemy bombing . Other artifacts and photographs tell the stories of the servicemen and women who either served in , or who came from , Lowestoft . The museum can be visited on Sunday and Bank holiday afternoons from May to October . There is a small entry charge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0a7ab0e29fe5e0c4c36766201319320", "text": "Laos Memorial The Laos and Hmong Memorial , or Lao Veterans of America Monument , is a granite monument , bronze plaque and living memorial ( that includes an Atlas Cedar tree ) in Arlington National Cemetery . It is located in Section 2 on Grant Avenue between the path to the JFK memorial and the Tomb of the Unknowns , in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia , in the United States . The Laos - Hmong memorial commemorates the veterans of the `` Secret War '' in Laos who fought against invading Soviet Union-backed North Vietnam Army forces of the People 's Army of Vietnam and communist Pathet Lao guerrillas . Approved by the U.S. Department of Defense , Arlington National Cemetery , and the U.S. Department of the Army , but designed and paid for privately by the Lao Veterans of America , Inc. , the Lao Veterans of America Institute , and The Centre for Public Policy Analysis , the memorial stands as a tribute to the Hmong , Lao , other ethnic groups ( Lao , Khmu , Mien , Lahu ) , and American clandestine and military advisers who made up the Secret War effort during the Vietnam War . The Lao Veterans of America , Inc. is the nation 's largest ethnic Laotian - and Hmong-American veterans organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3059cd04c148998a812ca74a784068a4", "text": "June 9", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8816841e7144b0d7d449ab288e828056", "text": "National War Memorial (Newfoundland) The National War Memorial in Downtown St. John 's is the most elaborate of all the post World War I monuments in Newfoundland and Labrador . It was erected at King 's Beach on Water Street where , in 1583 , Sir Humphrey Gilbert claimed Newfoundland for England . It was formally unveiled on Memorial Day , July 1 , 1924 by Field Marshal Douglas Haig , 1st Earl Haig . The term `` National '' refers to this monument being built by the Dominion of Newfoundland as a nation , before it became part of Canada . The Great War Veterans ' Association and the Newfoundland Patriotic Association launched the campaign to have the National War Memorial established . They developed a committee to establish the design and undertake the fund-raising to pay for the proposed memorial . Construction of the memorial was supervised by Lieutenant-Colonel Father Thomas Nangle , the Roman Catholic Padre of Royal Newfoundland Regiment and ( Ret ) Captain Gerald ( Gerry ) Whitty", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae983556e67370be7dd5b8684b8362f", "text": "Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington , D.C. , dedicated to Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 -- 1826 ) , one of the most important of the American Founding Fathers as the main drafter and writer of the Declaration of Independence , member of the Continental Congress , governor of the newly independent Commonwealth of Virginia , American minister to King Louis XVI and the Kingdom of France , first U.S. Secretary of State under the first President George Washington , the second Vice President of the United States under second President John Adams , and also the third President ( 1801 -- 1809 ) , as well as being the founder of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville , Virginia . The neoclassical Memorial building on the Tidal Basin off the Washington Channel of the Potomac River was designed by the architect John Russell Pope and built by the Philadelphia contractor John McShain . Construction of the building began in 1939 and was completed in 1943 . The bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947 . The Jefferson Memorial is managed by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior under its National Mall and Memorial Parks division . In 2007 , it was ranked fourth on the `` List of America 's Favorite Architecture '' by the American Institute of Architects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e147d95503c9863e676fcaeab7ab639", "text": "Maritime Day Maritime Days are holidays typically established to recognize accomplishments in the maritime field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ddc391d1a0dea91dcf4d7aeaed38785", "text": "Thanksgiving (Canada) Thanksgiving ( Action de grâce ) , or Thanksgiving Day ( Jour de l'action de grâce ) is an annual Canadian holiday , occurring on the second Monday in October , which celebrates the harvest and other blessings of the past year . Thanksgiving has been officially celebrated as an annual holiday in Canada since November 6 , 1879 , when parliament passed a law designating a national day of thanksgiving . The date , however , was not fixed and moved earlier and later in the year , though it was commonly the third Monday in October . On January 31 , 1957 , the Governor General of Canada Vincent Massey issued a proclamation stating : `` A Day of General Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed -- to be observed on the 2nd Monday in October . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b52fd03419341aa639d08551d038e887", "text": "Diane Carlson Evans 1Lt . Diane Carlson Evans , ANC RVN ( born 1946 ) served as a nurse in the United States Army during the Vietnam War and co-founded the Vietnam Women 's Memorial Project with Donna-Marie Boulay in 1984 ( now the Vietnam Women 's Memorial Foundation ) , initiating and leading the effort to add the Vietnam Women 's Memorial to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington , DC . Carlson Evans was born and raised on a dairy farm in rural Minnesota and graduated from nursing school in Minneapolis , Minnesota . Upon graduation , she joined the Army Nurse Corps and served in Vietnam , at age 21 , in 1968-1969 . She served in the burn unit of the 36th Evacuation Hospital in Vung Tau and at Pleiku in the 71st Evacuation Hospital , 30 miles from the Cambodian border in the Central Highlands , just 10 to 20 minutes by helicopter from the field . Including her one year in Vietnam , Carlson Evans completed a total of 6 years in the Army Nurse Corps . Carlson Evans attended the dedication of the Vietnam Veteran 's Memorial ( the `` wall '' ) in 1982 . Following the dedication of the statue of three soldiers at the Vietnam Veteran 's Memorial in 1984 , Carlson Evans co-founded the Vietnam Women 's Memorial Project , to honor the service of American military women who served during the Vietnam War era . She worked from 1984 through 1993 to establish the Vietnam Women 's Memorial , lobbying federal authorities for permission to build a memorial to the 11,000 military women who served in Vietnam and the 265,000 who served around the world during the Vietnam era . Carlson Evans and thousands of volunteers in 50 states raised money and public support for the cause , including from leading veteran 's organizations , including the Veterans of Foreign Wars , Vietnam Veterans of America , Disabled American Veterans , and the American Legion . At the time of dedication , the VWMP was about $ 600,000 -- $ 700,000 short of required funds , and the corporation which underwrote the amount , provided the needed last-minute cash . It took seven years of testimony before three federal commissions and two congressional bills for Evans and her supporters to earn permission for the memorial . Once permission was granted , more than 300 artists entered a major design competition in 1990 . Sculptor Glenna Goodacre , of Sante Fe , New Mexico , submitted a design that received honorable mention and was selected as the statue that replaced the design `` Nurse '' by Rodger Brodin which was used as a fundraiser during the early days of awareness-raising ; the model for `` Nurse , '' with which thousands fell in love and which raised the first million dollars toward the Project , was Rhonda McKellup a 26-year-old sheriff 's office dispatcher in Minnesota . The Goodacre statue now stands on the National Mall in Washington , D.C. . The bronze sculpture is 7 ' 0 '' tall with four figures , 3 women and a wounded soldier . The Vietnam Women 's Memorial was dedicated before a crowd of thousands on November 11 , 1993 , with remarks from then Vice President and Vietnam Veteran Al Gore . Since the dedication of the Vietnam Women 's Memorial in 1993 , Carlson Evans has remained active in the veterans community . As Founder and President of the Vietnam Women 's Memorial Foundation , she speaks nationally about the experience of women in wartime . She and her husband , of thirty years plus , have four children and five grandchildren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1d195b498f9ec6cc8cf1fa411f3caf", "text": "Day of Remembrance Day of Remembrance may refer to : Remembrance Day , a commemorative day observed by many Commonwealth countries . Transgender Day of Remembrance , a commemorative day observed by the LGBT community . Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice , a commemorative day observed by Argentina . Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repressions , a commemorative day observed by former Soviet countries . Yom Hazikaron , a commemorative day observed by Israel . National Day of Hatred , a commemorative day in Cambodia . Day of Remembrance ( Japanese Americans ) , day commemorating the Japanese American internment during World War II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4020aec42deda2aff0d38369b0d59dae", "text": "Labor Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday in Japan which takes place annually on November 23 . The law establishing the holiday cites as an occasion for commemorating labor and production and giving one another thanks . Events are held throughout Japan , one such being the Nagano Labor Festival . The event encourages thinking about the environment , peace and human rights . It is not unusual for early grade elementary students to create drawings for the holiday and give them as gifts to local kōbans , or police stations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2ce66eed3a21d8385770bec3de72cfe", "text": "Marine Corps War Memorial The United States Marine Corps War Memorial ( Iwo Jima Memorial ) is a national memorial located in Arlington County , Virginia , in the United States . Dedicated in 1954 , it is located in Arlington Ridge Park , near the Ord-Weitzel Gate to Arlington National Cemetery and the Netherlands Carillon . The war memorial is dedicated to all U.S. Marine Corps personnel who died in the defense of the United States since 1775 . The memorial was inspired by the iconic 1945 photograph of six Marines raising a U.S. flag atop Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II . It was taken by Associated Press combat photographer Joe Rosenthal . Upon first seeing the photograph , sculptor Felix de Weldon created a maquette for a sculpture based on the photo in a single weekend at Patuxent River Naval Air Station in Maryland , where he was serving in the Navy . He and architect Horace W. Peaslee designed the memorial . Their proposal was presented to Congress , but funding was not possible during the war . In 1947 , a federal foundation was established to raise funds for the memorial .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94902793c2f2b85d1704cbddc7eb55a1", "text": "May Morning May Morning is an annual event in Oxford , England , on May Day ( 1 May ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39b2d6193c0244b8a543f11556e50b95", "text": "Soldiers' Memorial The Soldiers Memorial Military Museum in downtown St. Louis is a memorial and military museum , at 1315 Chestnut Street , operated by the St. Louis Board of Public Service . Interior east and west wings contain display cases with military displays and memorabilia from World War I and subsequent American wars . The building was designed by St. Louis architectural firm Mauran , Russell & Crowell in a stripped Classical style , with a severely simplified form and limited ornament . It was dedicated by Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1936 and officially opened to the public on Memorial Day , 1938 . Four monumental sculptural groups representing figures of Loyalty , Vision , Courage and Sacrifice by sculptor Walker Hancock stand , with their horses , on the north and south sides of the building . Other architectural sculpture here was completed by Hillis Arnold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "081cdef32a001678009acfb399e255aa", "text": "William Davis Miners' Memorial Day Davis Day , also known as Miners ' Memorial Day ( and since November 25 , 2008 , officially William Davis Miners ' Memorial Day ) , is an annual day of remembrance observed on June 11 in coal mining communities in Nova Scotia , Canada whereby citizens recognize all miners who were killed on the job in the province .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91abcc041c279be5867fe68e5cd702e5", "text": "Japan War-Bereaved Families Association The is an association in Japan that was set up to represent the interests of relatives of deceased war veterans in the Second World War . Its headquarters are in Kudanminami , Tokyo . The group supports visits to Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo to pay respects to Japan 's war dead . In 2014 the Fukuoka Prefecture chapter of the association called for the A-class war criminals enshrined at Yasukuni Shrine to be removed to make the site less controversial . The statement stated that the chapter `` hopes that the emperor and empress , as well as the prime minister and all other Japanese nationals , will be able to pay their respects at Yasukuni without reserve '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "708bbd53da72a03f0465397f189ba112", "text": "National War Memorial There are numerous monuments around the world designated as a National War Memorial : National War Memorial ( Canada ) , in Ottawa National War Memorial ( Newfoundland ) , Canada National War Memorial ( New Zealand ) , in Wellington National War Memorial ( South Australia ) , in Adelaide Irish National War Memorial Gardens , Dublin , Ireland National War Memorial Southern Command , Maharashtra , India", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6092b3c395645a89d116b48cb82a49c5", "text": "D-Day (military term) In the military , D-Day is the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated . The best known D-Day is during World War II , on June 6 , 1944 -- the day of the Normandy landings -- initiating the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi Germany . However , many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day , both before and after that operation . The terms D-Day and H-Hour are used for the day and hour on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated . They designate the day and hour of the operation when the day and hour have not yet been determined , or where secrecy is essential . For a given operation , the same D-Day and H-Hour apply for all units participating in it . When used in combination with numbers , and plus or minus signs , these terms indicate the point of time preceding or following a specific action . Thus , H − 3 means 3 hours before H-Hour , and D +3 means 3 days after D-Day . ( By extension , H +75 minutes is used for H-Hour plus 1 hour and 15 minutes . ) Planning papers for large-scale operations are made up in detail long before specific dates are set . Thus , orders are issued for the various steps to be carried out on the D-Day or H-Hour minus or plus a certain number of days , hours , or minutes . At the appropriate time , a subsequent order is issued that states the actual day and times . Other days such as A-Day ( Battle of Leyte ) , L-Day ( Battle of Okinawa ) etc. have different meanings for the military . Other languages have terms equivalent to D-Day such as `` Hari H '' ( Indonesian ) , Час Ч ( Russian ) , Dagen D ( Swedish ) , Dan D ( Slovenian ) , E eguna ( Basque ) , Jour J ( French ) , Lá L ( Irish ) , Tag X ( German ) , and Ziua-Z ( Romanian ) . The initial D in D-Day has been given various meanings in the past , while more recently it has obtained the connotation of `` Day '' itself , thereby creating the phrase `` Day-Day '' , or `` Day of Days '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e88ecda74f90f3fe2aa83587bb58884", "text": "May 16", "title": "" } ]	fever
d36d7ffa4cdab3f449410f63f7721ac7	Planet of the Apes' filming took place in 1967.	[ { "docid": "f8ff89d49a4352fbbaa52d660f14cd3a", "text": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox . The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins . The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million . The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films ( absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius ) , and also in the television series . The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d7d1ac0bc7856e910ea3199dd66fdb45", "text": "The Living Planet The Living Planet : A Portrait of the Earth is a BBC nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough , first transmitted in the UK from 19 January 1984 . The sequel to his pioneering Life on Earth , it is a study of the ways in which living organisms , including humans , adapt to their surroundings . Each of the twelve 55-minute episodes ( one fewer than his previous series ) featured a different environment . The executive producer was Richard Brock and the music was composed by Elizabeth Parker of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop . Part of David Attenborough 's ` Life ' series , it was followed by The Trials of Life ( 1990 ) . However , before the latter , Attenborough wrote and presented two shorter series : The First Eden ( 1987 ) , about man 's relationship with the natural habitats of the Mediterranean , and Lost Worlds , Vanished Lives ( 1989 ) , concerning the discovery of fossils .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c49ef207a49b304b055726ca09fc70b", "text": "The New Adventures of Tarzan The New Adventures of Tarzan is a 1935 American film serial in 12 chapters starring Herman Brix . The serial is a more authentic version of the character than most other adaptations , with Tarzan as a cultured and well educated gentleman as in the original Edgar Rice Burroughs novels . It was filmed during the same period as the Johnny Weissmuller/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Tarzan films . Film exhibitors had the choice of selecting the serial or the episodes edited into two separate films , The New Adventures of Tarzan and Tarzan and the Green Goddess . The serial was filmed in Guatemala , and Tarzan was played by Herman Brix ( known post-war as Bruce Bennett ) . The final screenplay was credited to Charles F. Royal , and from Episode 6 onward , also Basil Dickey . It was produced by Ashton Dearholt , Bennett Cohen and George W. Stout under the corporate name of `` Burroughs-Tarzan Enterprises , Inc. '' ( which also distributed ) and was directed by Edward Kull and Wilbur F. McGaugh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb949a360d6ffbbc076980cfe0af9976", "text": "A Place to Stand (film) A Place to Stand is a 1967 film produced and edited by the Canadian artist and filmmaker Christopher Chapman for the Ontario pavilion at Expo 67 in Montréal , Québec , Canada . For the film , he pioneered the concept of moving panes , of moving images , within the single context of the screen . At times there are 15 separate images moving at once . This technique , which he dubbed `` multi-dynamic image technique '' has since been employed in many films , notably Norman Jewison 's 1968 film The Thomas Crown Affair . Mr. Jewison has credited Mr. Chapman as the creator of the edit style . The technique can also be seen on television in the series 24 . It is said that most of the editing decisions were worked out in an accountant 's spreadsheet book and the pencil edit plan resembled flow charts . Chapman has said that at one point in the editing process he stood there in the room , bits of footage hanging from clips all around him . He felt crushed by the force of his vision and he was a breath away from quitting . Even at the first screening , Chapman was exhausted and unsure but as he left the room , Steve McQueen watching at the back , grabbed Chapman and told him that he was blown away by the film . The 18-minute film used 70mm stock and was projected onto a 66 by 30 foot screen . It contains no dialogue , but only music by a 45-member orchestra and a 15-member choir . Its theme song , `` A Place to Stand , a Place to Grow '' , written by Dolores Claman and Richard Morris , and orchestrated by Jerry Toth , enjoyed great popularity on its own . Commissioned by the Ontario Department of Economics and Development from the Toronto commercial design studio TDF and premiered at the Expo 67 Ontario Pavilion on April 28 , 1967 , it was seen by some two million at Expo 67 itself and later by a further estimated 100 million in North America and Europe in cinema release . It was nominated for an Academy Award in two categories : Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Live Action Short Subject . It won the latter prize , which Chapman accepted on April 10 , 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64ef13be07b26d2e1b56c53641a18abf", "text": "A Time for Killing A Time for Killing is a 1967 Western Pathécolor Panavision film started by Roger Corman but finished by Phil Karlson , and starring Glenn Ford , George Hamilton , Inger Stevens and Harrison Ford ( credited as Harrison J. Ford ) in his first ( credited ) film role . The film was Glenn Ford 's one hundredth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9752750641a13afe1a2e167f5aad5d41", "text": "1967 Six Hour Le Mans The 1967 Six Hour Le Mans was an endurance motor race for Sports Cars and Touring Cars . The event , which attracted 38 starters , was staged at the Caversham Airfield circuit in Western Australia on 5 June 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f1767f3c8d07b0e7f04337f98ee59da", "text": "Eskimo (film) Eskimo ( also known as Mala the Magnificent and Eskimo Wife-Traders ) is a 1933 American Pre-Code drama film directed by W. S. Van Dyke and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) . It is based on the books Der Eskimo and Die Flucht ins weisse Land by Danish explorer and author Peter Freuchen . The film stars Ray Mala as Mala , Lulu Wong Wing as Mala 's first wife Aba , Lotus Long as Mala 's second wife Iva , Peter Freuchen as the Ship Captain , W. S. Van Dyke as Inspector White , and Joseph Sauers as Sergeant Hunt . Eskimo was the first feature film to be shot in a Native American language ( Inupiat ) , and the first feature film shot in Alaska . The film also incidentally documented many of the hunting and cultural practices of Native Alaskans . The production for the film was based at Teller , Alaska , where housing , storage facilities , a film laboratory , and other structures were built to house the cast , crew , and equipment . It was nicknamed `` Camp Hollywood '' . The crew included 42 cameramen and technicians , six airplane pilots , and Emil Ottinger -- a chef from the Roosevelt Hotel . Numerous locations were used for filming , including Cape Lisburne in March 1933 , Point Hope and Cape Serdtse-Kamen in April to July , and Herald Island in the Chukchi Sea in July . The film crew encountered difficulties recording native speech due to the `` kh '' sound of the native language . Altogether , pre-production , principal photography , and post-production took 17 months . The motion picture was well received by critics upon release on 14 November 1933 , and received the first ever Academy Award for Best Film Editing , although it did n't fare well at the box office . Scholar Peter Geller has more recently criticized the film as depicting the Eskimo as childlike , simple , and mythic `` noble savages '' rather than as human beings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7849f6e24971b6e805d04853df481b0b", "text": "Doctor Dolittle (film) Doctor Dolittle is a 1967 American musical film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Rex Harrison , Samantha Eggar , Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough . It was adapted by Leslie Bricusse from the novel series by Hugh Lofting . It primarily fuses three of the books The Story of Doctor Dolittle , The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle , and Doctor Dolittle 's Circus . The film had a notoriously protracted production with numerous setbacks along the way such as complications from poorly chosen shooting locations and the numerous technical difficulties inherent with the large number of animals required for the story . The film exceeded its original budget of $ 6 million by three times , and recouped $ 9 million upon release in 1967 , earning only $ 6.2 million in theatrical rentals . The film received mixed to negative critical reviews , but through the studio 's intense lobbying , was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and won awards for Best Original Song and Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550c68a373af0337f9959415d4ece73e", "text": "Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg , starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance . Newman stars in the title role as Luke , a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system . The film , set in the early 1950s , is based on Donn Pearce 's 1965 novel of the same name . Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros. , who then hired him to write the script . Due to Pearce 's lack of film experience , the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay . Newman 's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the `` tough , honest '' script drew together threads from earlier movies , especially Hombre , Newman 's earlier film of 1967 . The film has been cited by Roger Ebert as an anti-establishment film which was shot during the time of the Vietnam War , in which Newman 's character endures `` physical punishment , psychological cruelty , hopelessness and equal parts of sadism and masochism . '' His influence on his prison mates and the torture that he endures is compared to that of Jesus , and Christian symbolism is used throughout the film , culminating in a photograph superimposed over crossroads at the end of the film in comparison to the crucifixion . Filming took place on the San Joaquin River Delta , and the set , imitating a southern prison farm , was built in Stockton , California . The filmmakers sent a crew to Tavares Road Prison in Tavares , Florida , to take photographs and measurements . Upon its release , Cool Hand Luke received favorable reviews and became a box-office success . The film cemented Newman 's status as one of the era 's top box-office actors , while the film was described as the `` touchstone of an era . '' Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score . In 2005 , the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry , considering it to be `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' It has a 100 % rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes . The quotation used by the prison warden ( Strother Martin ) in the film , which begins with `` What we 've got here is failure to communicate , '' was listed at No. 11 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aef5bac27fc3942eaafaca504a8212b", "text": "List of Planet of the Apes characters The Planet of the Apes franchise features many characters that appear in one or more works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9095bdb6747d16a6e7c073005ddf7b18", "text": "Primate A primate ( -LSB- ˈpraɪmeɪt -RSB- ) is a mammal of the order Primates ( Latin : `` prime , first rank '' ) . In taxonomy , primates include two distinct lineages , strepsirrhines and haplorhines . Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests ; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment . Most primate species remain at least partly arboreal . With the exception of humans , who inhabit every continent , most primates live in tropical or subtropical regions of the Americas , Africa and Asia . They range in size from Madame Berthe 's mouse lemur , which weighs only 30 g , to the eastern gorilla , weighing over 200 kg ; that is , without taking into account the weight of particular human individuals , reaching up to 635 kg . Based on fossil evidence , the earliest known true primates , represented by the genus Teilhardina , date to 55.8 million years old . An early close primate relative known from abundant remains is the Late Paleocene Plesiadapis , c. 55 -- 58 million years old . Molecular clock studies suggest that the primate branch may be even older , originating near the Cretaceous -- Paleogene boundary or around 63 -- 74 mya . The order Primates was traditionally divided into two main groupings : prosimians and anthropoids ( simians ) . Prosimians have characteristics more like those of the earliest primates , and include the lemurs of Madagascar , lorisoids , and tarsiers . Simians include monkeys , apes and hominins . More recently , taxonomists have preferred to split primates into the suborder Strepsirrhini , or wet-nosed primates , consisting of non-tarsier prosimians , and the suborder Haplorhini , or dry-nosed primates , consisting of tarsiers and the simians . Simians are divided into two groups : catarrhine ( narrow-nosed ) monkeys and apes of Africa and Southeast Asia and platyrrhine ( `` flat-nosed '' ) or New World monkeys of South and Middle America . Catarrhines consist of Old World monkeys ( such as baboons and macaques ) , gibbons and great apes ; New World monkeys include the capuchin , howler and squirrel monkeys . Humans are the only extant catarrhines to have spread successfully outside of Africa , South Asia , and East Asia , although fossil evidence shows many other species were formerly present in Europe . New primate species are still being discovered . More than 25 species were taxonomically described in the decade of the 2000s and eleven have been described since 2010 . Considered generalist mammals , primates exhibit a wide range of characteristics . Some primates ( including some great apes and baboons ) are primarily terrestrial rather than arboreal , but all species possess adaptations for climbing trees . Locomotion techniques used include leaping from tree to tree , walking on two or four limbs , knuckle-walking , and swinging between branches of trees ( brachiation ) . Primates are characterized by large brains relative to other mammals , as well as an increased reliance on stereoscopic vision at the expense of smell , the dominant sensory system in most mammals . These features are more developed in monkeys and apes and noticeably less so in lorises and lemurs . Three-color vision has developed in some primates . Most also have opposable thumbs and some have prehensile tails . Many species are sexually dimorphic ; differences include body mass , canine tooth size , and coloration . Primates have slower rates of development than other similarly sized mammals and reach maturity later , but have longer lifespans . Depending on the species , adults may live in solitude , in mated pairs , or in groups of up to hundreds of members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33998ce19836706355b5d0c3e3ac2fdb", "text": "Bray Studios (UK) Bray Studios is a film and television facility at Bray , near Maidenhead , Berkshire , England . The model and miniature filming for the film Alien was shot there , as well as The Rocky Horror Picture Show . It is best known for its association with Hammer Film Productions and contains four stages , plus offices and workshops . Hammer originally leased country houses in which to shoot films , until the company eventually purchased Down Place on the banks of the Thames near Bray . After using every room and angle in its films , it later enlarged the house into the Bray Studios of today . The last Hammer production made at Bray was The Mummy 's Shroud , which wrapped on 21 October 1966 . Hammer sold the studio in November , 1970 . Bray Studios continues to host television , film work and band rehearsals today . Bray Studios is now under threat of redevelopment into a residential area under the current owner of the studio who has claimed there is no call for the studio any more , despite having refused a number of applications by productions to use the facilities . A pressure group is currently trying to save the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7a3bf4ee2dad630c91ea7811e995a6a", "text": "Bang Bang Kid Bang Bang Kid is a 1967 western film produced by Sidney W. Pink and starring Tom Bosley . The plot revolves around a madcap inventor who constructs a mechanical gunfighter to fight against a tyrannical crime lord . The film was distributed in America by Troma Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38e021027bf54c4447077be36574e1b0", "text": "Africa Texas Style Africa Texas Style is a 1967 British adventure film directed by Andrew Marton and starring John Mills , Hugh O'Brian and Nigel Green . The plot follows two American cowboys who are hired by a British rancher to oversee his estate in Kenya . Shot on location in Africa and Florida , this film led to the TV show Cowboy in Africa starring Chuck Connors . The opening scene of the film includes a cameo appearance by star Mills ' equally famous actress-daughter Hayley Mills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d8c52f8dd437b22fdd28af3baa30ac8", "text": "Tam-Lin (film) Tam-Lin , also known as The Ballad of Tam-Lin , The Devil 's Widow and The Devil 's Woman , is a 1970 British film made by Commonwealth United Entertainment , Winkast Film Productions Ltd. and distributed by American International Pictures ( AIP ) . It was directed by Roddy McDowall and produced by Alan Ladd , Jr. and Stanley Mann , from a screenplay by William Spier based on the traditional Scottish poem The Ballad of Tam Lin . The film had original music by Stanley Myers and a musical version of the original poem recorded by the British folk rock band Pentangle , and was photographed by Billy Williams . It was the only film directed by McDowall . The film stars Ava Gardner and Ian McShane with Richard Wattis , Cyril Cusack , Stephanie Beacham , Sinéad Cusack and Joanna Lumley . A newer release of this film ( 1998 ) ( Republic Pictures Home Video ) re-cut the film to be closer to Roddy McDowall 's intention . McDowall 's direction of this film precluded him from reprising his role as Cornelius in Beneath the Planet of the Apes , the only one of the original five Planet of the Apes films from which he is absent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8786c3c2047f9f315f2d7c1b692a700b", "text": "War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is an upcoming American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves . It is a sequel to the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series . The film stars Andy Serkis , Woody Harrelson , Steve Zahn , Amiah Miller , Karin Konoval and Terry Notary . Principal photography began on October 14 , 2015 , in Vancouver . The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5ac1153451460f57677e629c0ee3f4", "text": "Cinema of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cinema encompasses the films made in Sri Lanka . It is a fledgling industry that has struggled to find a footing since its inauguration in 1947 with Kadawunu Poronduwa produced by S.M. Nayagam of Chitra Kala Movietone . Sri Lankan films are usually made in the Sinhalese language , the language of the majority Sinhala people . In the first nine years most films were made in South India and followed the conventions of Indian cinema . Studio shooting was the norm , with Indian style sets erected in film studios . Even though it is popularly held that Rekava , made in 1956 by pioneer director Lester James Peries , was the first Sinhala film to be shot completely out of studio , it was really the film `` Gambada Sundari '' , made in 1950 which was the first film shot outside studios . It was also the first Sri Lankan film where , like in `` Rekawa '' , the dialog was recorded on the spot . This was because the film was shot on 16mm , using an Auricon sound-on-film camera which recorded the sound on the 16mm film optically , unlike in the case of where the sound was recorded on a Kinevox 35mm magnetic recorder . The film was later ` blown-up ' to 35mm and was screened in Colombo in 1950 . Though `` Rekawa '' was acclaimed by local and international critics , the film failed to find an audience in the country and was a box office failure . Films continued to follow formulaic storylines borrowed from India up through the early 1960s despite such efforts as Sandesaya and Kurulu Bedda . In 1964 , Lester James Peries again contributed to the development of Sri Lankan cinema with Gamperaliya which was the first Sinhala film to feature no songs and like Rekava shot completely outside the studio . It garnered massive praise for portraying Sinhala culture in a realistic manner and was hailed by critics and audiences alike . The producer Anton Wicremasinghe was awarded the Silver Peacock at the New Delhi International Film Festival for Gamperaliya . Following this breakthrough , several artistic Sinhala films were made in the late-1960s including Sath Samudura by professor Siri Gunasinghe , ably supported by exquisite cinematography by Dr.D.B . Nihalsinghe . During the 1970s several talents came to the forefront while commercial cinema continued to steal storylines and plots from Indian films . These include Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha with `` Weilkatara '' - Sri Lanka 's first film in Cinemascope ratio wide screen in 1972 ; Vasantha Obeysekera who followed up his well-received debut Ves Gatho with a slew of successful films culminating with Palangetiyo in 1979 . Another major director who stepped forward during this time is Dharmasena Pathiraja who examined the tensions of city youth in such works as Bambaru Awith and Ahas Gauwa . Artist and poet Mahagama Sekera 's sole film Thun Man Handiya is also an important film in Sri Lankan cinema released in 1970 . Sumitra Peries , the wife of Lester James Peries , also struck out during the 1970s with work that looked at the conflicting roles of women in society . Her work include Gehenu Lamai and Ganga Addara . Over the next few decades , artists such as Tissa Abeysekara , Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha , Udayakantha Warnasooriya , H.D.Premaratne , Ashoka Handagama , Prasanna Vithanage and Vimukthi Jayasundara have attempted to breathe new life into the industry . Nihalsingha was an accomplished cinematographer as well as an editor : so his films has an input which was special and brought a viewpoint to all his films , most of which focused on the exploited women . Vithanage 's film Purahanda Kaluwara is widely considered one of the best movies made in Sri Lanka as is Jayasundara 's Sulanga Enu Pinisa which won the coveted Camera d'Or for best first film at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival . During Sri Lankan Civil War several films have begun to tackle gritty subjects such as family relationships , abortion and results of the conflict between the military and Tamil Tiger rebels in the north . Director Asoka Handagama especially has drawn criticism for pursuing such material in his work . In the recent years high budget films like Aloko Udapadi , Aba ( film ) and Maharaja Gemunu based on Sinhalese epic historical stories gain huge success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa64471bce2d6d0dbe71865db1e0c8a3", "text": "Going Ape Going Ape is a British Television docu-soap program that is aired on the Animal Planet . The television series first aired on Tuesday 21 November 2006 at the weekly time of 21:00 running a total of thirteen episodes . The series is now in re-runs and has an irregular running format . It follows the story of 50 Chimpanzees , 26 Gorillas , seven Baboons and four Mandrills who have been orphaned by the bush meat trade in Cameroon showing the vital work of the Mefou National Park and the Limbe Wildlife Centre along with Ape Action Africa ( formerly the Cameroon Wildlife Aid Fund ) and `` In Defence of Animals - Africa '' , two charities that are dedicated to saving the primates in the region . Its narrator was Charlotte Uhlenbrook", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca22ac7cb718acabc226442ba432625f", "text": "Land of the Blind Land of the Blind is a 2006 British-American black comedy drama film starring Ralph Fiennes , Donald Sutherland , Tom Hollander and Lara Flynn Boyle . Land of the Blind is a dark political satire , based on several incidents throughout history in which tyrannical rulers were overthrown by new leaders who proved to be just as bad , if not worse , and subtle references are made to several such cases . The title is taken from the saying , `` In the land of the blind , the one-eyed man is king . '' Land of the Blind had its world premiere in competition at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and was the Opening Night Gala film at the 2006 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London . Its U.S. premiere was in competition at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival . The film sparked intense reaction during its festival run , attacked by both left and right , each of which saw the film as a critique of its position . Historical references in the film include Jean-Paul Marat ( from the French Revolution ) , Kim Jong-Il , Joseph Stalin , Benito Mussolini , Augusto Pinochet , Anastasio Somoza Debayle , François Duvalier , Rudolph Hess , Jean-Claude Duvalier , Lyndon B. Johnson , Julius Caesar ( from William Shakespeare 's play ) , Robert Mugabe , Ngo Dinh Diem , Idi Amin , the PIRA Maze prison protests , U.S. POWs in Vietnam , the Weathermen terrorist group , the Khmer Rouge , the 1979 Revolution in Iran , and the subsequent Cultural Revolution in that country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4a064cc3de9a61e0c7d79b59f800c80", "text": "Mount Tambora Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano which is a peninsula of and the highest peak on the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia . Sumbawa is flanked both to the north and south by oceanic crust , and Tambora was formed by the active subduction zone beneath it . This raised Mount Tambora as high as 4300 m , making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago in the 18th century . After a large magma chamber inside the mountain filled over the course of several decades , volcanic activity reached a historic climax in the eruption of 10 April 1815 . This eruption had a volcanic explosivity index ( VEI ) of 7 , the only unambiguously confirmed VEI-7 eruption since the Lake Taupo eruption in about AD 180 . ( The 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain might also have been VEI-7 . ) Tambora 's last eruption was in 1967 . It was rated VEI-0 . With an estimated ejecta volume of 160 km3 , Tambora 's 1815 outburst is the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history . The explosion was heard on Sumatra , more than 2000 km away . Heavy volcanic ash falls were observed as far away as Borneo , Sulawesi , Java , and the Maluku Islands . Most of the deaths from the eruption were from starvation and disease , as the eruptive fallout ruined agricultural productivity in the local region . The death toll was at least 71,000 people , of whom 11,000 -- 12,000 were killed directly by the eruption ; the oft-cited figure of 92,000 people killed is believed to be an overestimate . The eruption caused global climate anomalies that included the phenomenon known as `` volcanic winter '' : 1816 became known as the `` Year Without a Summer '' because of the effect on North American and European weather . Crops failed and livestock died in much of the Northern Hemisphere , resulting in the worst famine of the 19th century . During an excavation in 2004 , a team of archaeologists discovered cultural remains buried by the 1815 eruption . They were kept intact beneath the 3-metre-deep pyroclastic deposits . At the site , dubbed the `` Pompeii of the East '' , the artifacts were preserved in the positions they had occupied in 1815 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "139624e58a09dcb5f8ea7b4e80fa282a", "text": "Tarzan Escapes Tarzan Escapes is a 1936 Tarzan film based on the character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs . It was the third in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Tarzan series to feature Johnny Weissmuller as the `` King of the Apes '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e5d2a587284fa675bf4589eba52a21a7	21 Jump Street was released June 16, 2012.	[ { "docid": "a747337954610056ce61f3be6677fb5a", "text": "21 Jump Street (film) 21 Jump Street is a 2012 American action comedy film directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller , written by Michael Bacall starring Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum . An adaptation of the 1987-1991 television series of the same name by Stephen J. Cannell and Patrick Hasburgh , set within the same continuity as the TV series ; the film follows two police officers who are forced to relive high school when they are assigned to go undercover as high school students to prevent the outbreak of a new synthetic drug and arrest its supplier . It was released theatrically on March 16 , 2012 , by Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and grossed $ 201 million . A sequel , titled 22 Jump Street , was released on June 13 , 2014 . Two further films , MIB 23 ( a crossover with the Men in Black franchise ) and a female-led spin-off , are currently in development .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fc431dbb3c3e2428ff32f656635333bb", "text": "Sparkle (2012 film) Sparkle is a 2012 American musical film directed by Salim Akil and produced by Stage 6 Films , It was released on August 17 , 2012 , by TriStar Pictures . Inspired by The Supremes , Sparkle is a remake of the 1976 film of the same name , which centered on three singing teenage sisters from Harlem who form a girl group in the late 1960s . The remake takes place in Detroit , Michigan in the 1960s during the Motown era . The film stars Jordin Sparks , Derek Luke , Whitney Houston , Mike Epps , Cee Lo Green , Carmen Ejogo , Tika Sumpter , Tamela Mann and Omari Hardwick . Sparkle features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly . This film is the debut of R&B / pop singer and American Idol winner Jordin Sparks as an actress . Sparkle also marks Whitney Houston 's fifth and final feature film role before her death on February 11 , 2012 , three months after filming ended . The film is dedicated to her memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b1856f745a398c1556f8075fe93924c", "text": "L.A. Noire L.A. Noire is a neo-noir detective action-adventure video game developed by Team Bondi and published by Rockstar Games . It was initially released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms on 17 May 2011 ; a Microsoft Windows port was later released on 8 November 2011 . L.A. Noire is set in Los Angeles in 1947 and challenges the player , controlling a Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) officer , to solve a range of cases across five divisions . Players must investigate crime scenes for clues , follow up leads , and interrogate suspects , and the player 's success at these activities will impact how much of each case 's story is revealed . The game draws heavily from both the plot and aesthetic elements of film noir -- stylistic films made popular in the 1940s and 1950s that share similar visual styles and themes , including crime and moral ambiguity -- along with drawing inspiration from real-life crimes for its in-game cases , based upon what was reported by the Los Angeles media in 1947 . The game uses a distinctive colour palette , but in homage to film noir it includes the option to play the game in black and white . Various plot elements reference the major themes of detective and mobster stories such as The Naked City , Chinatown , The Untouchables , The Black Dahlia , and L.A. Confidential . L.A. Noire is notable for using Depth Analysis 's newly developed technology MotionScan , whereby the actors portraying the game 's characters were recorded by 32 surrounding cameras to capture facial expressions from every angle . The technology is central to the game 's interrogation mechanic , as players must use the suspects ' reactions to questioning to judge whether or not they are lying . L.A. Noire was the first video game to be shown at the Tribeca Film Festival . Upon release , the game received wide acclaim for its advances in storytelling and facial animation technology . As of February 2012 , both PC and console versions had shipped nearly 5 million copies combined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "997c38d193996067690814c61115c41a", "text": "Weekly Shonen Jump (magazine) Weekly Shonen Jump is a digital shōnen manga anthology published in North America by Viz Media , and the successor to their monthly print anthology Shonen Jump . It began serialization on January 30 , 2012 as Weekly Shonen Jump Alpha ( officially stylized as Weekly SHONEN JUMP αlpha or Weekly SHONEN JUMP Alpha ) , with two free preview issues released in the buildup to its launch . Based on Shueisha 's popular Japanese magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump , Weekly Shonen Jump is an attempt to provide English readers with easily accessible , affordable , and officially licensed editions of the latest installments of popular Shōnen Jump manga soon after their release in Japan , as an alternative to popular bootleg scanlation services . The anthology launched with a lineup of six titles , with new issues published online two weeks after the equivalent Japanese release . The magazine currently features twelve ongoing titles , including installments of monthly series from Weekly Shōnen Jump 's sister publications , Weekly Young Jump , Jump SQ , V Jump , and Young Jump Web Comics . At New York Comic-Con 2012 it was announced that the magazine would transition to simultaneous publication with Japan beginning with the January 21 , 2013 issue , with more new series to be added to the lineup . The magazine was renamed Weekly Shonen Jump starting on January 21 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d680beab44ca8c88b047bc7104d55a60", "text": "Grand Theft Auto III Grand Theft Auto III is an open world action-adventure third-person shooter video game developed by DMA Design and published by Rockstar Games . It was released on 22 October 2001 for the PlayStation 2 , on 20 May 2002 for Microsoft Windows , and on 31 October 2003 for the Xbox . A remastered version of the game was released on mobile platforms in 2011 , for the game 's tenth anniversary . It is the fifth title in the Grand Theft Auto series , and the first main entry since 1999 's Grand Theft Auto 2 . Set within the fictional Liberty City , based on New York City , the game follows Claude after he is left for dead and quickly becomes entangled in a world of gangs , crime and corruption . The game is played from a third-person perspective and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle . The open world design lets players freely roam Liberty City , consisting of three main islands . Development was shared between DMA Design , based in Edinburgh and Rockstar , in New York City . Much of the development work constituted transforming popular series elements into a 3D world . The game was delayed following the September 11 attacks , to allow the team to change references and gameplay deemed inappropriate . Upon release , the game received critical acclaim , with praise particularly directed at its concept and gameplay . However , the game also generated controversy , with criticism directed at the depiction of violence and sexual content . Grand Theft Auto III became the best-selling video game of 2001 , and has sold over 17 million copies . Considered one of the most significant titles of the sixth generation of video games , and by many critics as one of the greatest video games of all time , it won year-end accolades , including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications . Since its release , it has received numerous ports to many gaming platforms . Its successor , Grand Theft Auto : Vice City , was released in October 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cadc0ef6a5915cf781141afe1e7090fe", "text": "Bullet to the Head Bullet to the Head is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Walter Hill . The screenplay by Alessandro Camon was based on the French graphic novel Du Plomb Dans La Tête written by Matz and illustrated by Colin Wilson . The film stars Sylvester Stallone , Sung Kang , Sarah Shahi , Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje , Christian Slater , and Jason Momoa . Alexandra Milchan , Alfred Gough , Miles Millar , and Kevin King-Templeton produced the film . The movie follows a hitman and a cop who are forced to work together to bring down a corrupt businessman and mafia boss after they are targeted by the latter 's associates . The film premiered at the International Rome Film Festival on November 14 , 2012 . The film received a wide United States release on February 1 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea0a93d8dda431079571dfb4ee365ed8", "text": "Development of Duke Nukem Forever The video game Duke Nukem Forever spent fifteen years in development , from 1996 to 2011 . It is a first-person shooter for PC , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , developed by 3D Realms , Triptych Games , Gearbox Software and Piranha Games . It is a sequel to the 1996 game Duke Nukem 3D , as part of the long-running Duke Nukem video game series . Intended to be groundbreaking , Duke Nukem Forever has become infamous in the video games industry and was considered vaporware due to its severely protracted development schedule ; the game had been in development under 3D Realms since 1996 . Director George Broussard , one of the creators of the original Duke Nukem game , first announced the title 's development in April 1997 , and promotional information for the game was released in one form or another from 1997 until its release in 2011 . After repeatedly announcing and deferring release dates , 3D Realms announced in 2001 that it would be released simply `` when it 's done '' . In May 2009 , 3D Realms was downsized for financial reasons , resulting in the loss of the game 's development team . Statements by the company indicated that the project was due to `` go gold '' soon with pictures of final development . Take-Two Interactive , which owns the publishing rights to the game , filed a lawsuit in 2009 against 3D Realms over their `` failure to finish development '' . 3D Realms retorted that Take-Two 's legal interest in the game is limited to their publishing right . The case was settled with prejudice and details undisclosed in May 2010 . On September 3 , 2010 , 14 years after the start of the development , Duke Nukem Forever was officially reported by 2K Games to be in development at Gearbox Software , with an expected release date of 2011 . The official release date was then revealed to be May 3 , 2011 , in North America , with a worldwide release following on May 6 , 2011 . This was however delayed by a month to June 10 internationally with a North American release on June 14 . Duke Nukem Forever was finally released after 15 years of development on June 10 , 2011 , to mostly negative reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c528344fc84a2aa9d11be24ef03de39", "text": "The Jump Off `` The Jump Off '' is a song by American rapper Lil ' Kim , released as the first single from her third studio album La Bella Mafia . It was produced by Timbaland and features Mr. Cheeks . The single debuted at number 95 and climbed into the Top 20 at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 . A memorable ( if controversial ) lyric from the song was `` I can make a Sprite can disappear in my mouth . '' On the song 's remix , Kim went further with the controversy by saying , `` You thought the Sprite can was off the meter/Imagine what I do with a two-liter . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "498eeef496b629057412695de00e6276", "text": "21 Club The 21 Club , often simply 21 , is an American traditional cuisine restaurant and former prohibition-era speakeasy , located at 21 West 52nd Street in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc7f5258faff2f4de68d66653e59bf45", "text": "Jump Square is a Japanese monthly shōnen manga magazine . Published by Shueisha , the magazine premiered on November 2 , 2007 as a replacement for Monthly Shōnen Jump , another manga anthology that Shueisha discontinued in June of that year . The magazine is a part of the Jump line of magazines . The manga titles serialized in the magazine are also published in tankōbon volumes under the Jump Comics label . The manga series within the magazine target young male readers and tend to be set in a fantasy setting with a large amount of action scenes . Like most monthly shonen manga magazines , Jump Square is aimed at ages 16 to 21 . The current ( 2015 ) editor-in-chief is Kôsuke Yahagi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35783670f525f51a3d7c88c7bcb6e39e", "text": "Kirby's Dream Collection Kirby 's Dream Collection , known in Japan as , is a 2012 video game published by Nintendo for the Wii system . It is an anthology disc celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Kirby series , which took place on April 27 , 2012 . In addition to the disc , the package includes a booklet that highlights Kirby 's history , as well as a soundtrack CD containing music from multiple series entries . The game was released in Japan on July 19 , 2012 and in North America on September 16 , 2012 . It was never released in Europe or Australia , although an issue of the Official Nintendo Magazine confirmed a Winter 2012 release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3227c4be0dfa6c08cb4d28f6f09e4ebd", "text": "NBA Live 13 NBA Live 13 is the cancelled basketball installment in the NBA Live series , developed and published by Electronic Arts ( EA ) . The game was to be a reboot of the series and would be departing from previous entries , with the focus on an `` all-new experience that captures on the future of basketball '' . NBA Live 13 was to be released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . There were reports that the game could have been released digitally . However , on September 27 , 2012 , EA confirmed on their website that the game 's launch has been cancelled due to the game 's `` disappointing '' development . While the 2013 edition was cancelled , according to EA 's vice president Andrew Wilson , he stated at the time that '' -LSB- they are -RSB- going to sit out the full year and stay focused on making next year 's game great . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3e5ec1cd3f4e7a9b318570c7820b9a", "text": "Black Reel Awards of 2012 The 2012 Black Reel Awards , which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature , independent and television films , took place in Washington , D.C. on February 9 , 2012 . While the film Pariah had the most nominations with nine , The Help was the big winner taking home six out of the seven awards for which it was nominated . Attack the Block and Shame were also multiple winners , with each winning two awards . Octavia Spencer , Viola Davis and Steve McQueen also won two awards apiece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f054968a67a4d50aed811bd0b6c5bfc", "text": "South Park (season 13) The thirteenth season of South Park , an American animated television comedy series , originally aired in the United States on Comedy Central between March 11 and November 18 , 2009 . The season was headed by the series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone , who served as executive producers along with Anne Garefino . The season continued to focus on the exploits of protagonists Stan , Kyle , Cartman , Kenny and Butters in the fictional Colorado mountain town of South Park . The season was the first of three new seasons Parker and Stone agreed to produce for the network under a renewal deal . It consisted of fourteen 22-minute episodes , which aired in two groups of seven episodes separated by a six-month gap . Prior to the season 's premiere , all South Park episodes were made available for free viewing on the official series website , South Park Studios . The 13th season was the first to be broadcast in high definition and in widescreen . Continuing their practice from previous seasons , Parker and Stone wrote and produced each episode within the week before its broadcast date . The 13th season satirized such topics as the ACORN scandal , Japanese whaling , piracy in Somalia and the marketing tactics of the Walt Disney Company . Celebrities were spoofed throughout the season , including the Jonas Brothers , Kanye West , Carlos Mencia , Paul Watson and Glenn Beck , all of whom publicly responded to their portrayals . The episode `` Fishsticks '' attracted particular media attention due to rapper Kanye West 's declaration that its jokes about his arrogance were funny but hurt his feelings . `` The F Word '' , in which the central characters attempt to change the definition of the word `` fag '' , was especially controversial and prompted complaints from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . A broadcast of `` Pinewood Derby '' in Mexico was pulled , allegedly due to its depiction of Mexican President Felipe Calderón . `` Fatbeard '' was praised by the crew of the USS Bainbridge , which was involved in the 2009 rescue of the MV Maersk Alabama from Somali pirates . The 13th season received mixed reviews : some critics called it one of South Park 's strongest seasons , while others claimed the series was starting to decline in quality . The season maintained the average Nielsen rating viewership for the series , around 3 million viewers per episode . The episode `` Margaritaville '' , which satirized the global recession then affecting much of the industrialized world , won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ( for Programming Less Than One Hour ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d155668c869b39ee8be8cf74aa5f690d", "text": "D12 D12 , an initialism for The Dirty Dozen , is an American hip hop group from Detroit , Michigan . D12 has had chart-topping albums in the United States , United Kingdom , and Australia . D12 was formed in 1996 , and achieved mainstream success after Eminem rose to international fame . The original lineup consisted of the members and their alter egos . This is where Slim Shady came from . D12 released the album Devil 's Night in 2001 and D12 World in 2004 , spawning numerous hits such as `` Fight Music '' , `` Purple Pills '' , `` My Band '' , `` How Come '' and `` Shit on You '' throughout that period . Since 2006 , Eminem 's hiatus and the death of the member Proof resulted in them being less active in subsequent years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7b95e71172fdab155633359ac283510", "text": "JUMP No. 1 JUMP No. 1 is the first studio album by Hey ! Say ! JUMP , released on July 7 , 2010 , under the label J Storm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2adf5c6155f1b4f424872fb6305261f2", "text": "Street Hop Street Hop is the fourth studio album by the American rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 '' , released in the United States on October 20 , 2009 , on One Records . It is the follow-up to his previous album Independent 's Day ( 2005 ) . At the release of Success Is Certain ( August 9 , 2011 ) , Street Hop sold approximately 24,000 units in the United States via HitsDailyDouble .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7924fc2cb2fa6729f29ed783c536a446", "text": "Election Special Election Special is the 2012 fifteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Ry Cooder . After his 2011 album Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down , Cooder continued writing topical and storyline-inspired songs . Displeased with the Republican Party and its financial supporters , he also wanted to write an album that would address listeners during the United States presidential election of 2012 , which he believed to be a critical event in the country 's history . Election Special was recorded mostly at Drive-By Studios in North Hollywood and produced by Cooder . Election Special is an American roots and blues rock album of protest songs with music characterized by upbeat melodies , simple instrumentation , and sparse arrangements . Cooder played all of the instruments , including bass , guitar , and mandolin , with the exception of drums by his son Joachim . A deeply political album , it expands on the socio-political musings and current event topics of Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down with forthright , satirical lyrics and song-form vignettes . Cooder 's songwriting exhibits liberal and populist sentiments and draws on older musical sources such as broadside ballads and country blues . Election Special was released by Perro Verde Records and Nonesuch Records on August 16 , 2012 , one week before the 2012 Republican National Convention . It received generally positive reviews from critics , who complimented its topical protest songs and Cooder 's musicianship . The album peaked at number 164 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US , but charted significantly higher in other countries . Cooder did not tour in promotion of the album , citing a lost interest in both playing large concert venues and the commercial aspect of releasing records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0a358f675a3134302798e5f648c410", "text": "Skyfall Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon Productions and released in 2012 . It features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond , and Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva , the film 's villain . It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis , Robert Wade and John Logan , and features an Academy Award-winning theme , sung by Adele . It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) and Columbia Pictures . The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6 ; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva to humiliate , discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him . The film sees the return of two recurring characters to the series after an absence of two films : Q , played by Ben Whishaw , and Moneypenny , played by Naomie Harris . Skyfall is the last film of the series for Judi Dench , who played M , a role that she had played in the previous six films . The position is subsequently filled by Ralph Fiennes ' character , Gareth Mallory , though Dench would make a brief appearance in the next Bond film , Spectre . Mendes was approached to direct the film after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008 . Development was suspended when MGM encountered financial troubles and did not resume until December 2010 ; during this time , Mendes remained attached to the project as a consultant . The original screenwriter , Peter Morgan , left the project during the suspension . When production resumed , Logan , Purvis , and Wade continued writing what became the final version of the script . Filming began in November 2011 and primarily took place in the United Kingdom , with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey . Skyfall premiered in London at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 October 2012 and was released in the United Kingdom on 26 October 2012 and the United States on 9 November 2012 . It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues , although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras . The film 's release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series , which began with Dr. No in 1962 . Skyfall was positively received by critics , being praised for its performances -- particularly those of Craig , Bardem and Dench -- writing and script , cinematography , Mendes ' direction , Thomas Newman 's score , and the action scenes . It was the 14th film to gross over $ 1 billion worldwide , and the first Bond film to do so . It became the seventh-highest-grossing film at the time , the highest-grossing film in the UK , the highest-grossing film in the series , the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM , and the second-highest-grossing film of 2012 . The film won several accolades , including two BAFTA Awards , two Academy Awards and two Grammys .", "title": "" } ]	fever
37e8ed8b408fa5943f3e6363a233e6f2	Bruce Willis is a director.	[ { "docid": "b59e51cf0b7103858847ba3ed8dacbae", "text": "Bruce Willis Walter Bruce Willis ( born March 19 , 1955 ) is an American actor , producer , and singer . His career began on the Off-Broadway stage and then in television in the 1980s , most notably as David Addison in Moonlighting ( 1985 -- 1989 ) . He is known for his role of John McClane in the Die Hard series . He has appeared in over 60 films , including Color of Night ( 1994 ) , Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) , 12 Monkeys ( 1995 ) , The Fifth Element ( 1997 ) , Armageddon ( 1998 ) , The Sixth Sense ( 1999 ) , Unbreakable ( 2000 ) , Sin City ( 2005 ) , Red ( 2010 ) , The Expendables 2 ( 2012 ) , and Looper ( 2012 ) . Willis married actress Demi Moore in 1987 , and they had three daughters , including Rumer , before their divorce in 2000 . Since 2009 , he has been married to model Emma Heming , with whom he has two daughters .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "da849e329be783766a2d8c2076e63dd7", "text": "Pontypool (film) Pontypool is a 2008 Canadian horror film directed by Bruce McDonald and written by Tony Burgess , based on his novel Pontypool Changes Everything .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "789251fc25a7df6fa48a18e1c59278e6", "text": "Bruce Lee (video game) Bruce Lee is a video game designed by Ron J. Fortier , with graphics by Kelly Day and music by John A. Fitzpatrick . It was originally developed for the Atari 8-bit family and published in 1984 by Datasoft , along with a port for the Commodore 64 . The game was converted to the ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC and published by U.S. Gold in the same year . An MSX version was published in 1985 by Comptiq . Bruce Lee is a platform game/beat 'em up hybrid , in which the player controls Bruce Lee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f274f0f548109addd0bbb9426eabe1e", "text": "How to Get Ahead in Advertising How to Get Ahead in Advertising is a 1989 British film written and directed by Bruce Robinson and starring Richard E. Grant and Rachel Ward . The title is a pun and can be literally taken as `` How to Get a Head in Advertising '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c481b95b1ef86ebfedd22adae9063438", "text": "Catch .44 Catch .44 is a 2011 American crime thriller film starring Forest Whitaker , Bruce Willis , Malin Åkerman , Nikki Reed , Deborah Ann Woll , and Brad Dourif . The film is written and directed by Aaron Harvey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3bb7a0b41313125de98082c22471f58", "text": "Money for Nothing: Inside the Federal Reserve Money for Nothing : Inside the Federal Reserve is an independent feature-length American documentary about the Federal Reserve written and directed by Jim Bruce , and narrated by Liev Schreiber . It examines 100 years of the Federal Reserve 's history , and discusses its actions and repercussions the US economy leading to the late-2000s financial crisis . Bruce believes `` a more fully and accurately informed public will promote greater accountability and more effective policies from our central bank '' . The film features interviews with Paul Volcker and Janet Yellen as well as current and former Federal Reserve officials , top economists , financial historians , famous investors , and traders who provide insight on the Federal Reserve System . The film was released in US theaters on September 6 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4dca1aafb877b337f83d04ba82dc54e", "text": "Tim Clawson Tim Clawson is an American film and television producer , film studio executive and screenwriter . Clawson is best known as the screenwriter of the film They Call Me Bruce and the executive in charge of production on such films as Scream 4 , Piranha 3-D , The Reader and Inglourious Basterds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e29517648c01e1e581e4268fd7e95f", "text": "Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8df14afc84da47e6777dcafe2d5fb6f", "text": "Moving Picture Institute The Moving Picture Institute ( MPI ) is an American non-profit organization and film production company founded in 2005 by human rights advocate Thor Halvorssen . Its current executive director is Rob Pfaltzgraff . MPI produces and collaborates on both fictional films , and non-fictional , often documentary-style films . The subjects of MPI 's films typically center on concepts like human rights and individual freedoms , and governmental waste and corruption . It uses its films as a medium through which these kinds of social and economic troubles are brought to public attention to shape public perceptions , and ultimately , to change society 's values . As Halvorssen explains , `` Put it this way : What Sideways did for Pinot noir , I want to do for freedom . '' Public exposure to freedom-oriented ideas , they contend , will contribute to the improvement of these important issues which they feel tend to be ignored by other traditional media outlets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16fe031fae9be46bc6faca836477e648", "text": "Hollywood (Circle album) Hollywood is the thirty-second album by Finnish experimental rock band Circle . Arguably their most overtly heavy metal album , it features vocals and guitar from Bruce Duff from the band Jesters of Destiny . The band 's relationship with Duff began when Jussi Lehtisalo re-released Jesters ' album Fun at the Funeral on his Ektro Records label . Following on from Duff 's first collaboration with the band , Earthworm in 2006 ( two tracks from that release , Connection and Earthworm , re-appear here ) , the American performer takes centre stage on Hollywood , which is named after his hometown . Final track Suddenly , part of a three-song suite called Requiem in D Minor , re-uses the music from the track Murheenkryyni which appears on the band 's last two albums , Rakennus and Triumph .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3d4de6476ec4c20e02b7a9391b3a742", "text": "Patrick Poivey Patrick Poivey ( born 18 February 1948 ) is a French actor . He is especially known for his voice : he is the French dub voice of Bruce Willis since 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da37704c214f9a05ae94dfa27cd9df0", "text": "Scott Waugh Scott Waugh ( born 1970 or 1971 ) is an American film director , producer , and former stunt performer , best known for directing the 2012 war film Act of Valor with Mike McCoy . He also directed the Need for Speed film adaptation . He won the `` 10 Directors to Watch '' award at the 2012 Palm Springs International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18f862a79fbd33ead5fabdb0165b42f8", "text": "Georgina Willis Georgina Willis is an award winning film director who was born in Australia and now lives in London . Georgina 's first feature , Watermark ( 2003 ) , made its debut in the Cannes Film Festival . It was the first independent film to be included in Cannes . Her production company , Potoroo Films , is now based in London . Georgina Willis 's and producer Kerry Rock 's work became some of the most prominent at international festivals being shown at over eighty international festivals and receiving many awards for their work . Georgina has recently been accepted as a member of the Directors Guild of Great Britain . Georgina Willis founded the London Image Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b08d0ad1780571159e5d2082786cd36", "text": "Stuart Urban Stuart Urban ( born 1958 ) is a British film and television director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec883076d2831ff5369b7687f5071b61", "text": "List of frequent Tim Burton collaborators Tim Burton ( born August 25 , 1958 ) is an American film director , film producer , writer and artist who often works with certain actors and crew members in multiple feature film directing projects . The actors who collaborated with Burton the most frequently are Johnny Depp , Helena Bonham Carter and Christopher Lee , who all appeared in eight , seven and six films , respectively . Film composer Danny Elfman composed the music for all of Burton 's feature films with the exception of Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) and Miss Peregrine 's Home for Peculiar Children ( 2016 ) . He also composed the music for The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) , a stop-motion animated film Burton co-wrote and produced . Other actors that Burton has worked with include Danny DeVito , Conchata Ferrell , Albert Finney , Carmen Filpi , Michael Gough , Eva Green , Pat Hingle , Jan Hooks , Rance Howard , Jeffrey Jones , O-Lan Jones , Michael Keaton , Martin Landau , Lisa Marie , Catherine O'Hara , Michelle Pfeiffer , Missi Pyle , Paul Reubens , Alan Rickman , Deep Roy , Winona Ryder , Diane Salinger , Glenn Shadix , Martin Short , Timothy Spall , Sylvia Sidney , Christopher Walken , Frank Welker , Terence Stamp and Paul Whitehouse . Catherine O'Hara , Paul Reubens , and Glenn Shadix also starred in The Nightmare Before Christmas . Actor Jason Hervey appeared in the short film Frankenweenie ( 1984 ) , before appearing in Burton 's feature film directing debut Pee-wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) . Actor Vincent Price worked with Burton on three projects , hosting the television film Hansel and Gretel ( 1982 ) , narrating the short film Vincent ( 1982 ) and appearing in the feature film Edward Scissorhands ( 1990 ) . Actresses Ada and Arlene Tai worked with Burton as extras in Ed Wood before going on to be cast in Big Fish ( 2003 ) . In addition to starring in Beetlejuice , Edward Scissorhands and Frankenweenie , Winona Ryder appeared in the Burton-directed music video for The Killers ' `` Here with Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "608ee0789bd7de5059eccd7cd124b390", "text": "Directors Guild of Great Britain The Directors Guild of Great Britain ( DGGB ) is a professional organization which represents directors across all media , including film , television , theatre , radio , opera , commercials , music videos , corporate film/video and training , documentaries , multimedia and `` new technology '' . It has evolved to become an independent trade union and a non-profit limited company , asset-linked to the Directors Guild Trust , the charity arm of the Guild .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b8d8c798c639540a01e14876fc96cbe3	The historical play Richard III is the longest play in the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays.	[ { "docid": "62f19d7df3776bb898f548abbb8c05ed", "text": "Shakespeare's plays The plays written by English poet , playwright , and actor William Shakespeare ( 1564 -- 1616 ) have the reputation of being among the greatest in the English language and in Western literature . Traditionally , the plays are divided into the genres of tragedy , history , and comedy ; they have been translated into every major living language , in addition to being continually performed all around the world . Many of his plays appeared in print as a series of quartos , but approximately half of them remained unpublished until 1623 , when the posthumous First Folio was published . The traditional division of his plays into tragedies , comedies and histories follows the categories used in the First Folio . However , modern criticism has labelled some of these plays `` problem plays '' that elude easy categorisation , or perhaps purposely break generic conventions , and has introduced the term romances for what scholars believe to be his later comedies . When Shakespeare first arrived in London in the late 1570s or early 1580s , dramatists writing for London 's new commercial playhouses ( such as The Curtain ) were combining two different strands of dramatic tradition into a new and distinctively Elizabethan synthesis . Previously , the most common forms of popular English theatre were the Tudor morality plays . These plays , celebrating piety generally , use personified moral attributes to urge or instruct the protagonist to choose the virtuous life over Evil . The characters and plot situations are largely symbolic rather than realistic . As a child , Shakespeare would likely have seen this type of play ( along with , perhaps , mystery plays and miracle plays ) . The other strand of dramatic tradition was classical aesthetic theory . This theory was derived ultimately from Aristotle ; in Renaissance England , however , the theory was better known through its Roman interpreters and practitioners . At the universities , plays were staged in a more academic form as Roman closet dramas . These plays , usually performed in Latin , adhered to classical ideas of unity and decorum , but they were also more static , valuing lengthy speeches over physical action . Shakespeare would have learned this theory at grammar school , where Plautus and especially Terence were key parts of the curriculum and were taught in editions with lengthy theoretical introductions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24d156028f15e7e63d899455444bc8a2", "text": "Richard III (play) Richard III is a historical play by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written in approximately 1592 . It depicts the Machiavellian rise to power and subsequent short reign of King Richard III of England . The play is grouped among the histories in the First Folio and is most often classified as such . Occasionally , however , as in the quarto edition , it is termed a tragedy . Richard III concludes Shakespeare 's first tetralogy ( also containing Henry VI parts 1 -- 3 ) . It is the second longest play in the canon after Hamlet , and is the longest of the First Folio , whose version of Hamlet is shorter than its Quarto counterpart . The play is rarely performed unabridged ; often , certain peripheral characters are removed entirely . In such instances extra lines are often invented or added from elsewhere in the sequence to establish the nature of characters ' relationships . A further reason for abridgment is that Shakespeare assumed that his audiences would be familiar with the Henry VI plays , and frequently made indirect references to events in them , such as Richard 's murder of Henry VI or the defeat of Henry 's queen , Margaret .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c844f888c3d9d5ae63865855e0399e8b", "text": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead , often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern , is an absurdist , existentialist tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard , first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966 . The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from Shakespeare 's Hamlet , the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern . The action of Stoppard 's play takes place mainly `` in the wings '' of Shakespeare 's , with brief appearances of major characters from Hamlet who enact fragments of the original 's scenes . Between these episodes the two protagonists voice their confusion at the progress of events occurring onstage without them in Hamlet , of which they have no direct knowledge . Comparisons have also been drawn with Samuel Beckett 's Waiting for Godot , for the presence of two central characters who almost appear to be two halves of a single character . Many plot features are similar as well : the characters pass time by playing Questions , impersonating other characters , and interrupting each other or remaining silent for long periods of time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1778978d0e59d0861a058544e016100", "text": "Shakespeare's editors Shakespeare 's editors were essential in the development of the modern practice of producing printed books and the evolution of textual criticism . The 17th-century folio collections of the plays of William Shakespeare did not have editors in the modern sense of the term . In the best understanding of contemporary consensus scholarship , the plays to be included in the First Folio ( 1623 ) were gathered together or `` compiled '' by John Heminges and Henry Condell , two long-time colleagues of Shakespeare in the King 's Men . The play manuscripts may have been proofread and prepared for printing by Edward Knight , the `` book-keeper '' or prompter of the company . The task of proofreading and correcting the actual printed pages of the Folio was left to the compositors and printers in the print-shop , yielding the uneven and often defective text that is the First Folio . Even less is known about the creation of the Second ( 1632 ) , Third ( 1663 -- 64 ) , and Fourth Folios ( 1685 ) than about the First ; see Folios and Quartos ( Shakespeare ) . In the 18th century , however , interested individuals made the first concerted efforts to bring order to the tangle of textual difficulties that the Folios of the previous century presented . The list below gives the date of each edition of Shakespeare 's plays , the editor , the format of the collection , and pertinent specific information . 1709 , Nicholas Rowe ; octavo , 6 volumes . Rowe was the first person to attempt a clean and fully comprehensible text of the plays ; but he depended upon a copy of the Fourth Folio and made generally conjectural emendations . He also added full stage directions ( he was a playwright himself ) and full lists of Dramatis personae , and wrote the first biographical sketch of the poet . 1725 , Alexander Pope ; quarto , 6 volumes . Pope was the first to attempt a collation of the quarto texts of the plays , yet he produced what was basically a reprint of Rowe that added little of value . 1733 , Lewis Theobald ; octavo , 7 volumes . Theobald has been called `` the first Shakespeare scholar '' ; he carried forward the task of collating the quartos , and began the study of Shakespeare 's sources and the order of the plays ' composition . ( See Chronology of Shakespeare 's plays . ) 1744 , Thomas Hanmer ; quarto , 6 volumes . Hanmer relied on Theobald 's text , and made guesswork corrections . His edition was reprinted in 1770 . 1747 , William Warburton ; octavo , 8 volumes . Warburton built upon Pope 's edition ; indeed , Warburton placed Pope 's name before his own on the title pages of his edition . In his preface , Warburton wrote that his friend Pope `` was desirous I should give a new Edition of this Poet , as he thought it might contribute to put a stop to a prevailing folly of altering the Text of celebrated Authors without Talents or Judgment . And he was willing that his Edition should be melted down into mine , as it would , he said , afford him ( so great is the modesty of an ingenuous temper ) a fit opportunity of confessing his Mistakes . '' The phrase `` without Talents or Judgment '' refers to Theobold and Hanmer . However , Warburton did allow , rather begrudgingly , some corrections put forward by Theobold and Hanmer : `` For the rest , all the Corrections which these two Editors have made on any reasonable Foundation , are here admitted into the Text ; and carefully assigned to their respective Authors . A piece of Justice which the Oxford Editor never did ; and which the Other was not always scrupulous in observing towards me . '' In 1748 Thomas Edwards published his Supplement to Warburton 's Edition of Shakespeare , in later editions called The Canons of Criticism -- a satirical but spot-on analysis of Warburton 's editorial emendations , some of which are truly silly . Samuel Johnson had this to say : `` Soon after Edwards 's Canons of Criticism came out , Johnson was dining at Tonson the Bookseller 's , with Hayman the Painter and some more company . Hayman related to Sir Joshua Reynolds , that the conversation having turned upon Edwards 's book , the gentlemen praised it much , and Johnson allowed its merit . But when they went farther , and appeared to put that authour upon a level with Warburton , `` Nay , ( said Johnson , ) he has given him some smart hits to be sure ; but there is no proportion between the two men ; they must not be named together . A fly , Sir , may sting a stately horse and make him wince ; but one is but an insect , and the other is a horse still . '' 1765 , Samuel Johnson , The Plays of William Shakespeare ; octavo , 8 volumes . Johnson in turn relied upon Warburton ; his edition is noteworthy mainly for its famous Preface . 1768 , Edward Capell ; octavo , 10 volumes . Appalled by the undisciplined emendations of Hanmer and Warburton , Capell spent three decades collecting and collating the quartos . He was also the first to exploit the Stationers ' Register and Francis Meres 's Palladis Tamia , and to explore Shakespeare 's use of Raphael Holinshed 's Chronicles and Sir Thomas North 's translation of Plutarch 's Parallel Lives . 1773 , George Steevens ; octavo , 10 volumes . Steevens employed Johnson 's text , but continued Capell 's trend of adding new material . Steevens revised and re-issued his edition in 1778 ; in 1780 Edmond Malone added another 2 volumes that contained Shakespeare 's non-dramatic poems and other material . Isaac Reed revised the Steevens edition again in 1785 , and Steevens himself produced one final , 15-volume revision in 1793 . 1790 , Edmond Malone ; octavo , 10 volumes . Malone , often considered the best of the century 's editors of Shakespeare , wrote the first general consideration of English Renaissance theatre , utilizing resources like the records of the Master of the Revels and Edward Alleyn 's papers at Dulwich College . He is also noted for his work on the problem of chronology . The early 19th century saw the first Variorum editions of Shakespeare 's works , editions that collated and synthesized the efforts of the editors of the previous century : 1803 , the First Variorum edition , edited by Isaac Reed ; 21 volumes . 1813 , the Second Variorum , a reprint of the First ; 21 volumes . 1821 , the Third Variorum , edited by James Boswell ; 21 volumes . These massive editions laid the foundation for modern textual scholarship on Shakespeare 's works , and by extension on works of literature in general . In the 19th century the text , drawn primarily from Malone and Steevens , was `` monumentalized '' in the Cambridge edition ( 1863-6 ) and its single-volume companion , the Globe edition ( 1864 ) . It was followed by the New Cambridge edition in 1921 , and all modern standard editions inherit primarily from this edition . As for the personalities involved : some of these men were friends , like Steevens , Reed , and Malone ; acquaintances called them the Shakespeare Gang . Others nourished spirits of competitiveness and resentment . Pope made Theobald the first hero of The Dunciad . Warburton belittled Rowe 's `` Account of the Life '' of Shakespeare -- but he reprinted it in his own edition , without change or improvement . Despite his friendship with Malone and Reed , Steevens was famous for his irascibility ; in notes to his 1793 edition of Shakespeare , he concocted obscene interpretations of some passages and attributed those readings to people he did n't like . The next major edition , the Cambridge Shakespeare ( 1863 -- 66 ) , moved away from the practice of a single editor following his own sometimes capricious instincts and judgments . The first volume of the Cambridge Shakespeare was edited by William George Clark and John Glover , and the subsequent eight volumes by Clark and William Aldis Wright . Clark and Wright also produced the single-volume Globe Shakespeare ( 1864 ) using their Cambridge texts ; together , these became the standard for the remainder of the century . The most radical edition in the twentieth century was the Oxford Shakespeare , prepared under the general editorship of Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor . It aims to present the texts as they were originally performed , which results in numerous controversial choices , including presenting multiple texts of King Lear , a text of Hamlet in which the scenes presumably cut by Shakespeare are relegated to an appendix , and an emphasis on the collaborative nature of several of the plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cd787747077a29f93b0267198689de9", "text": "The Great Duke of Florence The Great Duke of Florence is an early Caroline era stage play , a tragicomedy written by Philip Massinger , and first published in 1636 . It has been called `` one of Massinger 's best dramas , '' and `` a masterpiece of dramatic construction . '' A play titled The Great Duke was licensed for performance by Sir Henry Herbert , the Master of the Revels , on 5 July 1627 ; the scholarly consensus interprets this as referring to Massinger 's play . Topical allusions in the text have been read as indicating a date of authorship between October 1623 and March 1625 . The play was acted by Queen Henrietta 's Men at the Cockpit Theatre , and was published in quarto in 1636 by the bookseller John Marriot ; Massinger dedicated the work to one of his patrons , Sir Robert Wiseman , in gratitude for his `` supportment and protection . '' The quarto includes two commendatory poems , one by John Ford . Massinger is thought to have based his plot on the traditional story of Ethelwald and Elfrida , available to him in several versions ; he may also have been influenced by an earlier play , A Knack to Know a Knave . The play had no other publications or revival productions in its own era or in subsequent generations -- somewhat surprisingly , since critics have tended to regard it highly . Algernon Charles Swinburne called it `` remarkable even among Massinger 's works for elegance and grace of execution ; '' William Gifford , in his edition of Massinger 's works , wrote that `` It is impossible not to be charmed with the manner in which this play is written . '' In the play , Massinger exploits the richness of a courtly style , full of `` gay flourishes of language '' ( Act IV , scene ii ) , perhaps more successfully than in any other of his works . Though generally classified as a tragicomedy , there is nothing tragic and little serious in it ; the play can just as correctly be called a comedy of manners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c6b75d232d605a21d273483bbab25a", "text": "Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation . Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87344d0c18a98eb692a1dc15f57b74fc", "text": "Royal Shakespeare Company The Royal Shakespeare Company ( RSC ) is a major British theatre company , based in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire , England . The company employs over 1000 staff and produces around 20 productions a year . The RSC plays regularly in London , Newcastle upon Tyne and on tour across the UK and internationally . The company 's home is in Stratford-upon-Avon , where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare and Swan theatres as part of a # 112.8-million `` Transformation '' project . The theatres re-opened in November 2010 , having closed in 2007 . The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week and received a positive media response both upon opening , and following the first full Shakespeare performances . Performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre . As well as the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries , the RSC produces new work from living artists and develops creative links with theatre-makers from around the world , as well as working with teachers to inspire a lifelong love of William Shakespeare in young people and running events for everyone to explore and participate in its work . The RSC celebrated its fiftieth birthday season from April -- December 2011 , with two companies of actors presenting the first productions designed specifically for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages . The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio . The fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSC 's greatest plays , including a new staging of Marat/Sade . For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad , the RSC produced the World Shakespeare Festival , featuring artists from across the world performing in venues around the UK . In 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions -- called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon -- which are screened around the world . In 2016 , the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest , bringing performance capture to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre for the very first time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0df8701385d9bc1ae5f7106586108ef", "text": "Caesar and Pompey Caesar and Pompey is a Jacobean era stage play , a classical tragedy written by George Chapman . Arguably Chapman 's most obscure play , it is also one of the more problematic works of -LSB- -LSB- English Renaissance theatre \| English Renaissance drama", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e020697352cf2dfeceeb8d80a85ee038", "text": "Tales from Shakespeare Tales from Shakespeare is an English children 's book written by Charles Lamb and his sister Mary Lamb in 1807 . The book is designed to make the stories of Shakespeare 's plays familiar to the young . However , as noted in the authors ' Preface , '' -LSB- Shakespeare 's -RSB- words are used whenever it seemed possible to bring them in ; and in whatever has been added to give them the regular form of a connected story , diligent care has been taken to select such words as might least interrupt the effect of the beautiful English tongue in which he wrote : therefore , words introduced into our language since his time have been as far as possible avoided . '' Mary Lamb was responsible for the comedies , while Charles wrote the tragedies ; they wrote the preface between them . The book contains the following tales : The Tempest ( Mary Lamb ) A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( Mary Lamb ) The Winter 's Tale ( Mary Lamb ) Much Ado About Nothing ( Mary Lamb ) As You Like It ( Mary Lamb ) Two Gentlemen of Verona ( Mary Lamb ) The Merchant of Venice ( Mary Lamb ) Cymbeline ( Mary Lamb ) King Lear ( Charles Lamb ) Macbeth ( Charles Lamb ) All 's Well That Ends Well ( Mary Lamb ) The Taming of the Shrew ( Mary Lamb ) The Comedy of Errors ( Mary Lamb ) Measure for Measure ( Mary Lamb ) Twelfth Night ( Mary Lamb ) Timon of Athens ( Charles Lamb ) Romeo and Juliet ( Charles Lamb ) Hamlet , Prince of Denmark ( Charles Lamb ) Othello ( Charles Lamb ) Pericles , Prince of Tyre ( Mary Lamb ) Tales from Shakespeare has been republished many times . It was illustrated by Sir John Gilbert in 1866 , by Arthur Rackham in 1899 and 1909 , by Louis Monziès in 1908 , by Walter Paget in 1910 , and by D. C. Eyles in 1934 . In 1893-4 , the book was supplemented with some additional tales by Harrison S Morris and was re-published in the USA as a multi-volume set with colour plate illustrations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b11235cce795e029d9f2e96941b7ebdd", "text": "The Jew (play) The Jew is a comedy written by playwright Richard Cumberland and first presented at the Drury Lane Theatre in London in May 1794 . The play is notable as the first play in the English theatre to portray a Jewish moneylender as the hero of a stage production . An adaptation of the original play along with a facsimile copy of The Jew was published in 2012 as Sheva , the Benevolent . The anti-Jewish tradition on the English stage dates back at least to the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290 and is exemplified by the characters of Shylock in William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice and Barabas in Christopher Marlowe 's The Jew of Malta . In a series of articles called Observer , first published in 1785 , Cumberland created a character named Abraham Abrahams who would later serve as a template for Sheva , the title character in The Jew . In one instalment of Observer , Abrahams is quoted as saying , `` I verily believe the odious character of Shylock has brought little less persecution upon us , poor scattered sons of Abraham , than the Inquisition itself . '' A decade later , in writing The Jew , Cumberland sought to create a positive image of a Jewish man that would counteract centuries of anti-Semitic portraits . The tremendous success of the initial production prompted Cumberland to later write , `` The benevolence of the audience assisted me in rescuing a forlorn and persecuted character , which till then had only been brought upon the stage for the unmanly purpose of being made a spectacle of contempt , and a butt for ridicule . In the success of this comedy I felt of course a greater gratification , than I had ever felt upon a like occasion . '' Shortly after its London premiere , the play began to be performed in the United States , first in Boston , Philadelphia , and New York City and , later , in Richmond , Charleston , and many other cities and towns . The play was also translated into numerous languages including German , French , Hebrew , Yiddish , and Russian . The last known New York production under its original title was presented at the Bronx Free Synagogue in 1919 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "080a382af398d4878cbc30888cc61ef0", "text": "William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke William Herbert , 3rd Earl of Pembroke ( 8 April 1580 -- 10 April 1630 ) was an English nobleman , politician , and courtier . He was the son of Henry Herbert , 2nd Earl of Pembroke and his third wife Mary Sidney . Chancellor of the University of Oxford , he founded Pembroke College , Oxford with King James . He was warden of the Forest of Dean , and constable of St Briavels from 1608 to 1630 . He served as Lord Chamberlain from 1615 to 1625 . In 1623 , the First Folio of William Shakespeare 's plays was dedicated to him , together with his brother , Philip Herbert , 1st Earl of Montgomery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7af77b7e6c4d952eb18e58021ef1cc16", "text": "Henry VI, Part 1 Henry VI , Part 1 , often referred to as 1 Henry VI , is a history play by William Shakespeare , and possibly Christopher Marlowe and/or Thomas Nashe , believed to have been written in 1591 , and set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England . Whereas Henry VI , Part 2 deals with the King 's inability to quell the bickering of his nobles , and the inevitability of armed conflict , and Henry VI , Part 3 deals with the horrors of that conflict , Henry VI , Part 1 deals with the loss of England 's French territories and the political machinations leading up to the Wars of the Roses , as the English political system is torn apart by personal squabbles and petty jealousy . Although the Henry VI trilogy may not have been written in chronological order , the three plays are often grouped together with Richard III to form a tetralogy covering the entire Wars of the Roses saga , from the death of Henry V in 1422 to the rise to power of Henry VII in 1485 . It was the success of this sequence of plays that firmly established Shakespeare 's reputation as a playwright . Some regard Henry VI , Part 1 as the weakest of Shakespeare 's plays and , along with Titus Andronicus , it is generally considered one of the strongest candidates for evidence that Shakespeare collaborated with other dramatists early in his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65cd15b4e460035cda71682c3f60b774", "text": "The London Prodigal The London Prodigal is a play in English Renaissance theatre , a city comedy set in London , in which a prodigal son learns the error of his ways . The play was published in quarto in 1605 by the stationer Nathaniel Butter , and printed by Thomas Creede . In 1664 it was one of the seven plays that publisher Philip Chetwinde added to the second impression of his Third Folio of Shakespeare 's plays . The play was not entered into the Stationers ' Register , but it is attributed to William Shakespeare on the title page of the first ( and only ) edition . This attribution is widely and generally rejected by scholars . The title page also identifies the play as a King 's Men 's play . ( One critic has observed that it is questionable to reject the former assertion while accepting the latter . ) The London Prodigal has been dated as early as c. 1591 , and as late as 1603 -- 4 . It is one of a long series of `` prodigal son '' plays that reach back as far as the Bible for inspiration and precedent ; but it is also an example of the evolving Elizabethian genre of domestic dramas , and `` one of the first naturalistic dramas in English '' . Individual scholars have attributed the play to Ben Jonson , Thomas Dekker , John Marston , and Michael Drayton ; others have suggested Thomas Heywood and George Wilkins . None of these attributions , however , has been accepted by a significant proportion of the critical community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa643cbc5903ce20e90f52d7b779245e", "text": "Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French . The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "387d2619385c02a23def1fbaaee153a8", "text": "Charles Hart (actor) Charles Hart ( c. 1625 -- 18 August 1683 ) was a prominent British Restoration actor . A Charles Hart was christened on 11 December 1625 , in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate , in London . It is not absolutely certain that this was the actor , though the name was not common at the time . . Hart began his career as a boy player with the King 's Men ; he was an apprentice of Richard Robinson , longtime member of that company . Hart established his reputation by playing the role of the Duchess in The Cardinal , the tragedy by James Shirley , in 1641 . He served as a soldier in the English Civil War , and was an officer in Prince Rupert 's regiment of cavalry , along with fellow actors Nicholas Burt and Robert Shatterell . Hart and the others most likely saw combat at the battles of Marston Moor and Nasby , and perhaps at Edgehill as well . Hart then returned to acting ; evidence suggests he was with other displaced English actors in Europe in 1646 . In 1648 , Hart , Walter Clun and eight other actors , were involved in an attempt to restart the King 's Men company during the Puritan Commonwealth , which , perhaps unsurprisingly , did not succeed . On 5 February 1648 , at the Cockpit Theatre , Hart and other King 's Men were arrested for violating the ban against theatrical performance ; they were caught in the midst of a performance of Rollo Duke of Normandy ( in which Hart played the character Otto ) . Hart and the others were imprisoned for a short time , then released . Just before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 , acting resumed on a larger scale , and Hart seems to have been then a member of a company performing at the Cockpit playhouse , led by Michael Mohun . As soon as the King 's Company was formed in 1660 , Hart became one of its leading men ; he specialized in playing the male half of witty , bantering couples . This type of dialogue in Restoration comedy was largely influenced by the talents and personalities of Hart and Nell Gwyn , in plays like James Howard 's The Mad Couple ; Gwyn was his mistress before she became Charles II 's . Hart 's natural dignity in playing royal roles was also often commented on by contemporaries , and in the heroic play he `` was celebrated for superman roles , notably the arrogant , bloodthirsty Almanzor in John Dryden 's Conquest of Granada . '' When Hart played in Euterpe Restored in 1672 , Richard Flecknoe composed the following lines : Beauty to the eye , and music to the ear , Such even the nicest critics must allow Burbage was once and such Charles Hart is now . Throughout his Restoration career , Hart filled a range of noteworthy parts . He was Cassio in early stagings of Shakespear 's Othello ; after 1669 he played the title role . He played roles in revivals of plays by Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , and John Fletcher -- Hotspur in Henry IV , Part 1 Brutus in Julius Caesar Mosca in Volpone Demetrius in The Humorous Lieutenant Michael Perez in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife Arbaces in A King and No King Amintor in The Maid 's Tragedy Rollo in Rollo Duke of Normandy Welford in The Scornful Lady Don John in The Chances -- and in contemporary dramas , by John Dryden -- Marc Antony in All for Love Porphyrius in Tyrannick Love Aurange Zebe in Aurang-zebe Celadon in The Maiden Queen Wildblood in An Evening 's Love Cortez in The Indian Emperour Aurelian in The Assignation -- and by other dramatists -- Horner in Wycherly 's The Country Wife Manly in Wycherly 's The Plain Dealer Phraartes in Crowne 's The Destruction of Jerusalem Massinissa in Lee 's Sophonisba , or Hannibal 's Overthrow Alexander the Great in Lee 's The Rival Queens Ziphares in Lee 's Mythridates , King of Pontus Lord Delaware in Boyle 's The Black Prince . In 1682 , when the King 's Company joined with the Duke 's Company to form the United Company , Hart retired due to poor health , with a pension of 40 shillings per week . The well-known story that Hart was the illegitimate grandson of Shakespeare 's sister Joan is largely discredited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16848118b0b8f91ed57bff1cf3e13fcb", "text": "Gerald Eades Bentley Gerald Eades Bentley ( September 15 , 1901 -- July 25 , 1994 ) was an American academic and literary scholar , best remembered for his seven-volume work , The Jacobean and Caroline Stage , published by Oxford University Press between 1941 and 1968 . That work , modeled on Edmund Kerchever Chambers ' classic four-volume The Elizabethan Stage , has itself become a standard and essential reference work on English Renaissance theatre . Bentley was born in Brazil , Indiana , the son of a Methodist clergyman . Originally intending to be a creative writer , he changed his career to literary scholarship during his graduate studies . He earned his B.A. at DePauw University ( 1923 ) , his M.A. in English at the University of Illinois ( 1926 ) , and his Ph.D. at the University of London ( 1929 ) , studying under Allardyce Nicoll . Bentley taught at the University of Chicago from 1929 to 1945 before accepting a position as Murray Professor of English at Princeton University in 1945 , where he served until his retirement in 1970 . He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1975 . In addition to his Jacobean and Caroline Stage , Bentley wrote a wide range of works on Shakespeare and other figures of the English Renaissance . His essay `` Shakespeare and the Blackfriars Theatre , '' originally published in the inaugural issue of the Shakespeare Survey in 1948 , has been widely reprinted . Bentley edited several works for modern editions , including Othello , and The Alchemist . In his obituary , the New York Times noted that he raised a literary stir in 1956 when he edited and wrote the preface to a hitherto unknown 1577 text called The Arte of Angling in which he noted several passages that reminded him of Isaac Walton 's later The Compleat Angler . The Times quotes D. E. Rhodes , a British authority on fishing literature , who defended Walton , saying , `` It seems to me unjust to accuse Izaak Walton of plagiarism , because plagiarism did not exist in the 17th century . All authors of that and earlier ages read what they liked and used what they liked of it without acknowledgment . '' Bentley was married first to Esther Felt , a significant colleague in his scholarly work , from 1927 until her death in 1961 . In 1965 , he married Ellen Voigt Stern , who died in 1990 . Bentley 's son and namesake from his first marriage , Gerald Eades Bentley Jr. , became a noted literary scholar in his own right , specializing in the career and works of William Blake . He spent most of his career at the University of Toronto .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce3ed9579010234c436c20ae7d253f27", "text": "Troilus and Cressida Troilus and Cressida ( -LSB- ˈtrɔɪləs_ən_ˈkrɛsᵻdə -RSB- ) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written in 1602 . It was described by Frederick S. Boas as one of Shakespeare 's problem plays . The play ends on a very bleak note with the death of the noble Trojan Hector and destruction of the love between Troilus and Cressida . The work has in recent years `` stimulated exceptionally lively critical debate '' . Throughout the play , the tone lurches wildly between bawdy comedy and tragic gloom , and readers and theatre-goers have frequently found it difficult to understand how one is meant to respond to the characters . However , several characteristic elements of the play ( the most notable being its constant questioning of intrinsic values such as hierarchy , honour and love ) have often been viewed as distinctly `` modern , '' as in the following remarks on the play by author and literary scholar Joyce Carol Oates : Troilus and Cressida , that most vexing and ambiguous of Shakespeare 's plays , strikes the modern reader as a contemporary document -- its investigation of numerous infidelities , its criticism of tragic pretensions , above all , its implicit debate between what is essential in human life and what is only existential are themes of the twentieth century . ... This is tragedy of a special sort -- the `` tragedy '' the basis of which is the impossibility of conventional tragedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7edf40c04c99285584ae7f393107489", "text": "English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level . Its inaugural production ( 1986 ) was an anthology entitled The Henrys ( Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V ) which opened at the Theatre Royal , Plymouth in December 1986 . A year later , several more plays ( Richard II , Henry VI : House of Lancaster , Henry VI : House of York and Richard III ) were added to the original productions and were presented as a complete history cycle under the title of The Wars of the Roses . The production toured for two years in seventeen venues in the UK including the Old Vic in London , as well as appearing at several international venues , including the Hong Kong Festival , opening the new Tokyo Globe Theatre , being the centrepiece of The World Theatre Festival of Chicago , and touring to Stamford , Connecticut , the Spoleto Festival , Melbourne , the Adelaide Festival , Brisbane , The Netherlands , Hamburg , Berlin and Frankfurt . In addition to The Wars of the Roses , productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented . They included Twelfth Night , Macbeth , The Tempest , Romeo & Juliet , Antony and Cleopatra and As You Like It . The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET . indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da847839a00ec1380c0b8e7309a18cc2", "text": "List of Oxfordian theory supporters This is a list of confirmed public supporters of the Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship , which was first promulgated in 1920 . Percy Allen -- journalist , theatre historian Mark Anderson -- journalist , researcher , author , astrophysicist Charles Wisner Barrell -- researcher , author Chris Barron -- American musician , singer , song writer and poet Charles Beauclerk , Earl of Burford -- writer Charles Sidney Beauclerk -- Jesuit priest Louis P. Bénézet -- American school reformer Harry Blackmun -- U.S. Supreme Court Justice Marjorie Bowen -- British historian , biographer , novelist Gelett Burgess -- author , critic , poet , artist John Byrne -- British-born Canadian-American comic book artist and writer Michael Chiklis -- actor Montagu William Douglas -- soldier and colonial administrator . Roland Emmerich -- film director , screenwriter , producer ; producer and director of Anonymous ( 2011 ) William Farina -- biographer , nonfiction researcher and author , essayist Bert Fields -- lawyer and writer Sigmund Freud -- pioneer of psychoanalysis Sir John Gielgud -- Shakespearean actor , president of the International Shakespeare Association 1974 -- 2000 Michael H. Hart -- astrophysicist , author of The 100 : A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History Warren Hope -- academic , university English professor , author Christmas Humphreys -- British barrister , judge , author , Buddhist scholar Jeremy Irons -- actor Sir Derek Jacobi -- Shakespearean actor , director Richard Kennedy -- American children 's book writer J. Thomas Looney -- British school teacher , researcher , author David McCullough -- historian , author , biographer Paul Nitze -- longtime high-ranking U.S. government official and Presidential advisor , ambassador Charlton Greenwood Ogburn -- lawyer Charlton Ogburn -- investigative journalist , researcher , author John Orloff -- screenwriter Gerald Henry Rendall -- professor of Greek Mark Rylance -- Shakespearean actor and director , director of Shakespeare 's Globe Theatre 1995 -- 2005 Antonin Scalia -- U.S. Supreme Court Justice Joseph Sobran -- journalist , author , researcher John Paul Stevens -- U.S. Supreme Court Justice Roger Stritmatter -- Professor of Humanities at Coppin State University and the general editor of Brief Chronicles Peter A. Sturrock -- British astrophysicist , Stanford University professor of applied physics , Arctowski Medalist , author of AKA Shakespeare : A Scientific Approach to the Authorship Question Bernard Mordaunt Ward -- military officer , author Alexander Waugh -- writer Michael York -- actor", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b1120501b341327bca0857c699f5e1a", "text": "The History of King Lear The History of King Lear is an adaptation by Nahum Tate of William Shakespeare 's King Lear . It first appeared in 1681 , some seventy-five years after Shakespeare 's version , and is believed to have replaced Shakespeare 's version on the English stage in whole or in part until 1838 . Unlike Shakespeare 's tragedy , Tate 's play has a happy ending , with Lear regaining his throne , Cordelia marrying Edgar , and Edgar joyfully declaring that `` truth and virtue shall at last succeed . '' Regarded as a tragicomedy , the play has five acts , as does Shakespeare 's , although the number of scenes is different , and the text is about eight hundred lines shorter than Shakespeare 's . Many of Shakespeare 's original lines are retained , or modified only slightly , but a significant portion of the text is entirely new , and much is omitted . The character of the Fool , for example , is absent . Although many critics -- including Joseph Addison , August Wilhelm Schlegel , Charles Lamb , William Hazlitt , and Anna Jameson -- condemned Tate 's adaptation for what they saw as its cheap sentimentality , it was popular with theatregoers , and was approved by Samuel Johnson , who regarded Cordelia 's death in Shakespeare 's play as unbearable . Shakespeare 's version continued to appear in printed editions of his works , but , according to numerous scholars , including A.C. Bradley and Stanley Wells , did not appear on the English stage for over a hundred and fifty years from the date of the first performance of Tate 's play . Actors such as Thomas Betterton , David Garrick , and John Philip Kemble , who were famous for the role of Lear , were portraying Tate 's Lear , not Shakespeare 's . The tragic ending was briefly restored by Edmund Kean in 1823 . In 1838 , William Charles Macready purged the text entirely of Tate , in favour of a shortened version of Shakespeare 's original . Finally , Samuel Phelps returned to the complete Shakespeare text in 1845 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f2fcc8b202de7b3df3e1d67a2ff2e06", "text": "Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history This page describes the production history of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival . The Stratford Shakespeare Festival ( formerly known as the Stratford Shakespearean Festival and the Stratford Festival of Canada ) is a summer-long celebration of theatre held each year in Stratford , Ontario . Theatre-goers , actors , and playwrights flock to Stratford to take part -- many of the greatest Canadian , American and British actors have played roles at Stratford . It was one of the first and is still one of the most prominent arts festivals in Canada . The Festival 's primary mandate is to present productions of Shakespeare 's plays , but it also produces a wide variety of theatre from Greek tragedy to Broadway musicals to contemporary works . By 2017 , only three of the 14 productions were based on Shakespeare 's works . The following is a chronological list of the productions that have been staged as part of the Stratford Festival since its inception . On February 17 , 2015 , AP News reported that the Stratford Shakespeare Festival plans to film all of Shakespeare 's plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1c35cd37b4b3c413cdc7048e7c4be18", "text": "Cultural depictions of Richard III of England Richard III of England has been depicted in literature and popular culture many times . In the Tudor period he was invariably portrayed as a villain , most famously in Shakespeare 's play Richard III , but also in other literature of the period . Richard 's life was not much depicted again until the 20th century when the `` Ricardian '' movement sought to restore his reputation . Much of more recent creative literature has portrayed him in a positive light . However his reputation as a hunchbacked villain has remained a familiar historical cliché within popular culture .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e94b243ee7d4460c405a0629d1d7aa51	24 is a 2010 film.	[ { "docid": "df485228f4df1f45fe83008c2e1761b6", "text": "24 (2016 film) 24 is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language science fiction thriller film written and directed by Vikram Kumar . Based on the concept of time-travel , the film stars actor Suriya in triple roles , with actresses Samantha Ruth Prabhu , Nithya Menen and Saranya Ponvannan in lead roles . The development dates back to 2009 , where the film was to feature actors Vikram and Ileana D'Cruz in lead roles . However , in February 2010 , the project was dropped due to difference in opinions between director , producer and actor , facing rejection of the refined script . In August 2014 , Suriya agreed to produce and act in the film , with principal photography commencing in Mumbai in April 2015 , continuing in Nasik , Goregaon and Pune . The second phase of filming was done in Poland by end-September 2015 . Filming was completed in Chennai by November 2015 . Produced by 2D Entertainment , the film has cinematography by S. Tirru . The soundtrack and film score are composed by A. R. Rahman , with lyrics by Vairamuthu and Madhan Karky . The film along with the dubbed Telugu version having the same title was released on 6 May 2016 . It is also dubbed in Hindi as Time Story . The film won two awards at the 64th National Film Awards Best Cinematography and Best Production Design .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1e33b6ac4eebbb17a94b3768881821d0", "text": "Pearl Jam Twenty Pearl Jam Twenty ( also known as PJ20 ) is a 2011 American rockumentary directed by Cameron Crowe about the band Pearl Jam . Preliminary footage was being shot as of June 2010 . Crowe completed filming in April 2011 , after using 12,000 hours of footage of the band for the documentary . The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and also had an accompanying book and soundtrack . The documentary charts the history of the band , from the demise of Mother Love Bone , their battle against Ticketmaster and the tragedy of the Roskilde Festival in 2000 . The film was presented theatrically at select cinemas in the US during the month of September 2011 , and premiered on October 21 , 2011 on PBS ' American Masters . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 24 , 2011 . A book , written by Jonathan Cohen , was published concurrent to the film 's release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82e0b553d3ae59a678a0c27702ac69ca", "text": "25th Golden Disc Awards The 25th Golden Disc Awards were held December 9 , 2010 . They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40e7be9b30175d74110068cce8d93eec", "text": "Curitiba Zero Grau Curitiba Zero Grau is a 2010 Brazilian drama film directed by Eloi Pires Ferreira and starring Jackson Antunes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a4b4a64266b8f55308b3274c97e2249", "text": "Madea's Big Happy Family (film) Tyler Perry 's Madea 's Big Happy Family is a 2011 comedy film based on Tyler Perry 's 2010 play of the same name and the eleventh film in the Tyler Perry film franchise , and the sixth in the Madea franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "266543b49f37c5113e40e9703b3dfa88", "text": "Final 24 Final 24 is a Canadian documentary series which airs on the Discovery Channel , Global Television Network , and OWN . Released in Canada in 2006 , the series chronicles the last 24 hours of the lives of famous celebrities of the late 20th century . The series was narrated by Canadian voice artist Dave McRae for a US release in 2007 on the biography channel and by Danny Wallace in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9511528ea1c161bb5c983af998986a8b", "text": "I Do (2010 film) I Do is a 2010 Filipino romantic comedy film produced and released by Star Cinema . The film was released in the Philippines on September 29 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d891dbd924ef0df0d0e6caa49f1e570", "text": "One Day (2010 film) One Day is a 2010 Taiwanese film directed by Chi-jan Hou .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68b4eca9c471f2ae62f5fdfd5f599a78", "text": "October 24", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53b4cc5deca0f47680ea33969b783dc2", "text": "127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British-American biographical survival drama film directed , co-written , and produced by Danny Boyle . The film stars James Franco as Aron Ralston . In 127 Hours , canyoneer Aron Ralston becomes trapped by a boulder in an isolated slot canyon in Blue John Canyon , southeastern Utah , in April 2003 . It is a British and American venture produced by Everest Entertainment , Film4 Productions , HandMade Films and Cloud Eight Films . The film , based on Ralston 's memoir Between a Rock and a Hard Place ( 2004 ) , was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy , produced by Christian Colson and John Smithson , and scored by A. R. Rahman . Beaufoy , Colson , and Rahman had all previously worked with Boyle on Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) . 127 Hours was well received by critics and audiences , and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Actor for Franco and Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30d98d4d6a4441b9ffd8a1b1e8d672c8", "text": "Khouya Khouya is a 2010 film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80a0e0dfc6844037709f6e3124eb313d", "text": "24 Hour Design 24 Hour Design is an American reality television series involving a team consisting of a host and designer , design assistant and a carpenter that help homeowners transform a single room . The show is shot in a single day ( usually less than 10 hours ) , with a budget around $ 2,000 . Original episodes of 24 Hour Design began to air on HGTV October 6 , 2006 . The program 's second season began July 10 , 2007 . In each episode of 24 Hour Design , the host meets with the homeowners to discuss the redesign of their room . The team and homeowners work on the space together up until the final hour . In the final hour the designer transforms the room for the final reveal . The redesign usually consists of painting of the room and the construction a furniture piece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06a631187fc29ea0f04a541f9f00defd", "text": "2009 Independent Spirit Awards The 2009 Independent Spirit Awards can refer to : 24th Independent Spirit Awards , a ceremony held in 2009 , honoring the films of 2008 25th Independent Spirit Awards , a ceremony held in 2010 , honoring the films of 2009 Category : Independent Spirit Awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73f35a1bb7cfa8a1d18f4dbbe6733bef", "text": "Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc70562e8e699c0615685faf9d72bfc4", "text": "Five Hours from Paris Five Hours from Paris ( Hamesh Shaot me'Pariz ) is a 2009 Israeli comedy film by Leonid Prudovsky . It premiered as an official selection at the Toronto International Film Festival on 12 September 2009 . A French cinema chain caused controversy when they cancelled its release following the Gaza flotilla raid and instead screened a French documentary about Rachel Corrie , an American protestor killed by an Israeli bulldozer in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2354bdfe3d316c78ab2cea45054fe0", "text": "The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title . The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel . The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5846315912c65df06790496a1076012", "text": "2010 Sundance Film Festival The 26th annual Sundance Film Festival was held from January 21 , 2010 until January 31 , 2010 in Park City , Utah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e95711fcae18cdc71e562cdfe6e3331f", "text": "24 Hours in the Past 24 Hours in the Past was a BBC One living history TV series first broadcast in 2015 . Six celebrities were immersed in a recreation of impoverished life in Victorian Britain . Each of the four episodes represented 24 hours living and working in four different occupations . A key part of the series was its immersive nature . The four episodes were ostensibly filmed in direct sequence , and the participants lived , ate and slept in the often filthy conditions portrayed . Living history has become a popular theme in recent UK TV series , usually involving Ruth Goodman and regular collaborators in a long-term series , filmed in intermittent episodes with a cast of historians . This series took a different pitch , using a continuous filming technique without the respite of hotels between episodes and cast with `` the randomest collection of participants '' to create an air of surprise at their conditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fb79effc20dd887ab3c6cb3e51fc199", "text": "24th Venice International Film Festival The 24th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 24 August to 7 September 1963 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825297ca76bdb0b6f8a628e491b4451d", "text": "Gotham Independent Film Awards 2010 The 20th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards were held on November 29 , 2010 . The nominees were announced on October 18 , 2010 . The ceremony was hosted by Patricia Clarkson and Stanley Tucci .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3183f9971d40a49e3712b800e15ecb4d	Suicide Kings is an American 1997 film.	[ { "docid": "096105fec9152d7a36d7614671f82f05", "text": "Suicide Kings Suicide Kings is a 1997 American mystery crime film based on Don Stanford 's short story The Hostage and directed by Peter O'Fallon . It stars Christopher Walken , Denis Leary , Sean Patrick Flanery , Johnny Galecki , Jay Mohr , Jeremy Sisto and Henry Thomas . The film follows the group of criminals who kidnap a respected Mafia figure . It was panned by critics and was a box office bomb .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "49f7ce107e2ce419621c652b4d23599e", "text": "List of crime films of 1997 This is a list of crime films released in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13391941c2be9faec97eedc0cc0ce7ca", "text": "George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake . Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f5102a1f1069333825cd90b594ac17c", "text": "King Cobra (2016 film) King Cobra is a 2016 American biographical crime-drama film about the life and early career of Brent Corrigan . It was directed by Justin Kelly and was based on the book Cobra Killer : Gay Porn , Murder , and the Manhunt to Bring the Killers to Justice by Andrew E. Stoner and Peter A. Conway . The film was released on October 21 , 2016 , by IFC Midnight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc08b670381982b45e9a3bc34d5d9d91", "text": "The Devil's Advocate (1997 film) The Devil 's Advocate ( marketed as Devil 's Advocate ) is a 1997 American supernatural drama thriller film based on Andrew Neiderman 's novel of the same name . It is directed by Taylor Hackford , and stars Keanu Reeves , Al Pacino and Charlize Theron . The film 's title is a reference to the commonly used phrase `` devil 's advocate '' , and Pacino 's character is named after the author of Paradise Lost , John Milton . The movie has some minor allusions to Milton 's epic , such as the famous quotation `` Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f64709f5587ac890aaabfea3e5ecbd1", "text": "Remember Me? (film) Remember Me ? is a 1997 film directed by Nick Hurran and starring Imelda Staunton and Robert Lindsay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a3d2c404c175c95412300b268ecc66d", "text": "Suicide (wrestling) Suicide is a professional wrestling persona , used by multiple professional wrestlers . Suicide first appeared as a fictional character from the video game TNA Impact ! . In December 2008 , the Suicide character was introduced on television as a real-life wrestler in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( now Impact Wrestling ) . Originally portrayed by Frankie Kazarian , Christopher Daniels held the role for a time in early 2009 and went on to win the X Division Championship . In June 2010 , Kiyoshi became the third man to use the gimmick . In October 2010 , the gimmick was dropped , but made a brief return in January 2011 , once again being portrayed by Christopher Daniels , before being dropped once again in April 2011 . Suicide returned to television in May 2013 portrayed by T.J. Perkins . Austin Aries wrestled under the Suicide gimmick for one day and won the TNA X Division Championship on the episode of Impact Wrestling which aired on June 27 , 2013 . Suicide was `` revealed '' to be TJ Perkins on the June 30 , 2013 , episode of Impact Wrestling . His ring name was changed to Manik , using a slightly altered version of the Suicide ring-gear , with new music . Perkins remains the only man to have wrestled under the Manik persona . The Suicide persona returned in July 2016 for TNA One Night Only X-Travaganza 2016 , portrayed by Jonathan Gresham . In March 2017 , Caleb Konley became the most recent wrestler behind the mask .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcb046c6565befdfb6e284912a8d9da3", "text": "Contact (1997 American film) Contact is a 1997 American science fiction drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis . It is a film adaptation of Carl Sagan 's 1985 novel of the same name ; Sagan and his wife Ann Druyan wrote the story outline for the film . Jodie Foster portrays the film 's protagonist , Dr. Eleanor `` Ellie '' Arroway , a SETI scientist who finds strong evidence of extraterrestrial life and is chosen to make first contact . The film also stars Matthew McConaughey , James Woods , Tom Skerritt , William Fichtner , John Hurt , Angela Bassett , Jake Busey , and David Morse . Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan began working on the film in 1979 . Together , they wrote a 100 + page film treatment and set up Contact at Warner Bros. with Peter Guber and Lynda Obst as producers . When development stalled on the film , Sagan published Contact as a novel in 1985 and the film adaptation was rejuvenated in 1989 . Roland Joffé and George Miller had planned to direct it , but Joffé dropped out in 1993 and Warner Bros. fired Miller in 1995 . Robert Zemeckis was eventually hired to direct , and filming for Contact lasted from September 1996 to February 1997 . Sony Pictures Imageworks handled most of the visual effects sequences . The film was released on July 11 , 1997 , to mostly positive reviews . Contact grossed approximately $ 171 million in worldwide box office totals . The film won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and received multiple awards and nominations at the Saturn Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05a8fff31ff099b405169519884564a", "text": "Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future . The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon . After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14b42391c2922ada4cb7b421c1d0a8e0", "text": "Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 1997 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 1997 may refer to : 2nd Critics ' Choice Awards , the second Critics ' Choice Awards ceremony that took place in 1997 3rd Critics ' Choice Awards , the third Critics ' Choice Awards ceremony that took place in 1998 and which honored the best in film for 1997", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15ca155bfb773e1a17112b734ecec90f", "text": "The Shooter (1997 film) The Shooter is a 1997 Western film starring Michael Dudikoff and directed by Fred Olen Ray ( credited as Ed Raymond ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9a6290305110f7ac484a3135580f4d9", "text": "Nightwatch (1997 film) Nightwatch is a 1997 American horror-thriller film directed by Ole Bornedal and starring Ewan McGregor , Patricia Arquette , Josh Brolin and Nick Nolte . It was written by Bornedal and Steven Soderbergh . It is a remake of the Danish film Nattevagten ( 1994 ) , which was also directed by Bornedal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b55ff2540a0e6ff782487c583c41c193", "text": "Other Men Other Men ( Altri uomini ) is a 1997 Italian crime drama film written and directed by Claudio Bonivento . It is based on real-life characters documented in the Antonio Carlucci and Paolo Rossetti 's book Io il Tebano ( `` I , the Theban '' ) . For his performance Claudio Amendola received a Nastro d'Argento nomination for best actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ffb001843248f92dc3bbaefafac178c", "text": "Allyn King Allyn S. King ( February 1 , 1899 -- March 31 , 1930 ) was an American stage and film actress and singer who began her career in vaudeville , and later as a Ziegfeld Follies performer . King 's 1930 suicide was the end result of her long struggle to satisfy the demands put on her by directors and producers to remain abnormally slim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5907ff4efa91031b0430386ce054c341", "text": "Kicked in the Head (film) Kicked in the Head is a 1997 American comedy film directed by Matthew Harrison and written by Kevin Corrigan and Matthew Harrison . The film stars Kevin Corrigan , Linda Fiorentino , Michael Rapaport , Lili Taylor , James Woods and Burt Young . The film was released on September 26 , 1997 , by October Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7505099316da113932336f132b8bf1a2", "text": "Money Talks (1997 film) Money Talks is a 1997 American action comedy film directed by Brett Ratner , starring Chris Tucker and Charlie Sheen . This film is the first of four collaborations between Brett Ratner and Chris Tucker , with the other three being the Rush Hour series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5abf712b06a955468b244c1bfd16883f", "text": "The King of Kings (1927 film) The King of Kings is a 1927 American silent epic film produced and directed by Cecil B. DeMille . It depicts the last weeks of Jesus before his crucifixion and stars H. B. Warner in the lead role . Featuring the opening and resurrection scenes in two-color Technicolor , the film is the second in DeMille 's biblical trilogy , preceded by The Ten Commandments ( 1923 ) and followed by The Sign of the Cross ( 1932 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "706df944da5a38e90473cb9f037f5b7d", "text": "Running Time (film) Running Time is a 1997 independent crime thriller film written , produced & directed by Josh Becker . Principal cast members are Bruce Campbell , Jeremy Roberts and Anita Barone . The movie was filmed in real time similar to Robert Wise 's noir boxing film The Set-Up ( 1949 ) . It also tracks as a continuous take with no cuts , rather like Alfred Hitchcock 's Rope ( 1948 ) . For aesthetic and practical reasons , Becker opted for black & white , offering a neo-Noir feel and giving him fewer problems in scene transitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904aef47039b817c6796ddb7fd1a7c10", "text": "Funny Games (1997 film) Funny Games is a 1997 Austrian psychological thriller film written and directed by Michael Haneke . The plot of the film involves two young men who hold a family hostage and torture them with sadistic games . The film was entered into the 1997 Cannes Film Festival . In 2007 it was remade in America by Haneke , this time with a different cast and a mostly American crew .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dff3afb9cc207bc396c07c1ecb151bab", "text": "3rd Empire Awards The 3rd Empire Awards ceremony , presented by the British film magazine Empire , honored the best films of 1997 and took place in 1998 . During the ceremony , Empire presented Empire Awards in nine categories as well as one honorary award . The awards were sponsored by Stella Artois for the first time . All of the winners this year won one award each . The Full Monty won the award for Best British Film , while Men in Black won the award for Best Film . Other winners included A Life Less Ordinary , Hamlet , Jerry Maguire , L.A. Confidential , Nil by Mouth , The Crucible and The English Patient . Dennis Hopper received the Lifetime Achievement Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc34fc550c4f1caf63baa0c079be6c58", "text": "Suicide (game) Suicide ( sometimes abbreviated to `` suey '' ) , or otherwise referred to as `` elimination '' , is a game typically played by children and teenagers . The rules vary widely from place to place ; those given below are not necessarily a `` standard '' form of the rules .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1bbdc7420d62d3b8f3bee47dacea572e	Get Out stars an actor.	[ { "docid": "b91c0b705064cbdda833450af5aada58", "text": "Get Out (film) Get Out is a 2017 American horror film written , co-produced and directed by Jordan Peele , in his directorial debut . The film stars Daniel Kaluuya , Allison Williams , Lil Rel Howery , Bradley Whitford , Caleb Landry Jones , Stephen Root and Catherine Keener , and follows a young interracial couple who visit the mysterious estate of the woman 's parents . Get Out premiered at Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2017 , and was theatrically released in the United States on February 24 by Universal Pictures . The film has grossed $ 241 million worldwide against its $ 4.5 million budget and received universal acclaim from critics and audiences alike .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52bf2a2b7195e7e108afca55c56dd2a3", "text": "Daniel Kaluuya Daniel Kaluuya ( born 24 February 1989 ) is an English actor and writer . Kaluuya played Chris Washington in the 2017 horror film Get Out , Posh Kenneth in the E4 teen-drama Skins , and Bing in the Black Mirror episode `` Fifteen Million Merits '' . He also appeared as Tealeaf in the BBC dark comedy series Psychoville and Mac in the BBC Three horror drama The Fades . Kaluuya appeared as Agent Tucker in the 2011 film Johnny English Reborn , alongside Rowan Atkinson , and in 2013 , he appeared in the film Kick-Ass 2 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "19a6607e4c1fe0c67b82bd31a150ef7e", "text": "Christopher Gorham Christopher David Gorham ( born August 14 , 1974 ) is an American actor who is best known for the ABC series Ugly Betty . He has also appeared in such series as Popular , Odyssey 5 , Felicity , Jake 2.0 , Medical Investigation , Out of Practice , Harper 's Island , Covert Affairs , and Once Upon a Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b6e5cab2771353ca1929c6e8d1c0fd3", "text": "Jay Pickett Jay Pickett ( born February 10 , 1961 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33030e2912e46d4a263ca54c5dcf8384", "text": "Dominic Marsh Dominic Marsh '' ' is an English actor", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6707712f499d3bbdf242bdf0622c494f", "text": "Jesse Borrego Jesse Borrego ( born August 1 , 1962 in San Antonio ) is an American actor . He is best known for his roles as Cruz Candelaria in Blood In Blood Out , Jesse V. Valesquez in Fame , Gael Ortega in 24 , and as George King in Dexter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e91d1f4cb457d9bebd3f7cf71f2ed7b7", "text": "Blake Ritson Blake Adam Ritson ( born 14 January 1978 ) is an English actor and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec9ee081d9b54637ac8d893be628e0ed", "text": "Matt Knudsen Matt Knudsen ( born March 10 , 1957 ) is an American actor , comedian and writer . He is best known for playing the villain Sonny Appleday in the TV film Re-Animated and Out Of Jimmy 's Head .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4676ab0a9e8d886fd2000dcc58aeb1ad", "text": "Ben Chaplin Ben Chaplin ( born Benedict John Greenwood ; 31 July 1969 ) is an English actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7b8d12b07d3d4d4faf3e38a43295b09", "text": "Cameron Dallas Cameron Alexander Dallas ( born September 8 , 1994 ) is an American Internet personality , actor , model and singer . He is best known for his prominence on the video application Vine and YouTube . Dallas later went on to star in movies such as Expelled and The Outfield . Cameron currently stars on his Netflix reality show Chasing Cameron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b74322777796564cd2fbfef4334be149", "text": "Gethin Anthony Gethin David L. Anthony ( born 9 October 1983 ) is an English television and film actor best known for his role as Renly Baratheon in Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "285aae95f9a8b7c1d18022c52a10e8c2", "text": "Ian Hallard Ian Christopher Hallard ( born 9 November 1974 ) is an English actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d43bbbe67d1f2153779bd4361ac0aa0d", "text": "Michael Landon Jr. Michael Graham Landon Jr. ( born June 20 , 1964 ) is an American actor , director , writer , and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa356c4beef3c86388cce264f722f588", "text": "Troy Winbush Troy Winbush ( born March 12 , 1970 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0c9838bf8b7318fc2a2bbd9230e2831", "text": "Mark L. Young Mark L. Young ( born Markell V. Efimoff January 1 , 1991 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bc1784cfe103381fbbcf8bbb694e699", "text": "Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eab39585dbc50a89ff09a4182ec6afd9", "text": "Malcolm Gets Hugh Malcolm Gerard Gets ( born December 28 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Richard in the American television sitcom Caroline in the City . Gets is also a dancer , singer , composer , classically trained pianist , vocal director , and choreographer . He played Gould in the 2009 film Grey Gardens opposite Jessica Lange and Drew Barrymore and his first solo album came out in 2009 from PS Classics . Gets was nominated for a Tony Award in 2003 ( Best Performance by a Lead Actor in a Musical , Amour ) and was awarded the Obie Award in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "698fd4a54eafcd51a57e2850685c3a70", "text": "Hudson Yang Hudson David Yang ( born October 24 , 2003 ) is an American child actor . In 2014 he was cast as the lead in the ABC television series , Fresh Off the Boat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef473a228c565b49c3e16ccd1e0a299", "text": "Trevor Wright Trevor Christopher Wright ( born August 23 , 1980 in San Diego , California ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7de094449ebe9f7e1f9f80464f604d9a", "text": "Scott Neal Scott Neal ( born 10 June 1978 ) is a British actor .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d745bf12c78bdf5adb18086d88f5d7ba	Daniel Craig starred in a science fiction film in his teens.	[ { "docid": "255032b8a102a04be06da737061e57d1", "text": "Daniel Craig Daniel Wroughton Craig ( born 2 March 1968 ) is an English actor . He trained at the National Youth Theatre and graduated from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1991 , before beginning his career on stage . His film debut was in the drama The Power of One ( 1992 ) . Other early appearances were in the Disney family film A Kid in King Arthur 's Court ( 1995 ) and the biographical film Elizabeth ( 1998 ) , as well as in the historical war drama television series Sharpe 's Eagle ( 1993 ) and the action-adventure drama series Zorro . Cast as the fictional British secret agent James Bond in October 2005 , his first film in the role , Casino Royale , was released internationally in November 2006 . Craig 's appearances in the British television film Love Is the Devil : Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon ( 1998 ) , the indie war film The Trench ( 1999 ) , and the drama Some Voices ( 2000 ) attracted the film industry 's attention . This led to roles in bigger productions such as the action film Lara Croft : Tomb Raider ( 2001 ) , the crime thriller Road to Perdition ( 2002 ) , the crime thriller Layer Cake ( 2004 ) , and the Steven Spielberg historical drama Munich ( 2005 ) . Craig achieved international fame when chosen as the sixth actor to play the role of Ian Fleming 's James Bond in the official film series , taking over from Pierce Brosnan in 2005 . Although his casting was initially greeted with scepticism , his debut was highly acclaimed and earned him a BAFTA award nomination , with Casino Royale becoming the highest-grossing in the series at the time . Quantum of Solace followed two years later . Craig 's third Bond film , Skyfall , premiered in 2012 and is currently the highest-grossing film in the series , was the highest-grossing film in the UK until 2015 and the fifteenth highest-grossing film of all time . Craig 's fourth Bond film , Spectre , premiered in 2015 . In 2006 , he joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Since taking the role of Bond , he has continued to star in other films , including the World War II film Defiance ( 2008 ) , science fiction Western Cowboys & Aliens ( 2010 ) , and the English-language adaptation of Stieg Larsson 's mystery thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . Craig also made a guest appearance as Bond in the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games , alongside Queen Elizabeth II . As of 20 February 2017 , Craig is the second longest serving James Bond , surpassed only by Roger Moore .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2b4356119da0389391959635e6f9ecf4", "text": "Stranded (2013 film) Stranded is a 2013 science fiction-horror film directed and co-written by Roger Christian starring Christian Slater , Brendan Fehr , Amy Matysio , and Michael Therriault . Astronauts stranded on a lunar mining base attempt to survive an attack by a shapeshifting alien life form . Filming was at the Canada Saskatchewan Production Studios by Regina , Saskatchewan based Minds Eye Entertainment . The film was one of the last financed by the province 's canceled film employment tax credit and was produced entirely in Saskatchewan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a41e4a331eafea81d63bd3b732e383d9", "text": "Dark Descent Dark Descent is a 2002 film written and directed by Daniel Knauf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0a358f675a3134302798e5f648c410", "text": "Skyfall Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon Productions and released in 2012 . It features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond , and Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva , the film 's villain . It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis , Robert Wade and John Logan , and features an Academy Award-winning theme , sung by Adele . It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) and Columbia Pictures . The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6 ; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva to humiliate , discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him . The film sees the return of two recurring characters to the series after an absence of two films : Q , played by Ben Whishaw , and Moneypenny , played by Naomie Harris . Skyfall is the last film of the series for Judi Dench , who played M , a role that she had played in the previous six films . The position is subsequently filled by Ralph Fiennes ' character , Gareth Mallory , though Dench would make a brief appearance in the next Bond film , Spectre . Mendes was approached to direct the film after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008 . Development was suspended when MGM encountered financial troubles and did not resume until December 2010 ; during this time , Mendes remained attached to the project as a consultant . The original screenwriter , Peter Morgan , left the project during the suspension . When production resumed , Logan , Purvis , and Wade continued writing what became the final version of the script . Filming began in November 2011 and primarily took place in the United Kingdom , with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey . Skyfall premiered in London at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 October 2012 and was released in the United Kingdom on 26 October 2012 and the United States on 9 November 2012 . It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues , although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras . The film 's release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series , which began with Dr. No in 1962 . Skyfall was positively received by critics , being praised for its performances -- particularly those of Craig , Bardem and Dench -- writing and script , cinematography , Mendes ' direction , Thomas Newman 's score , and the action scenes . It was the 14th film to gross over $ 1 billion worldwide , and the first Bond film to do so . It became the seventh-highest-grossing film at the time , the highest-grossing film in the UK , the highest-grossing film in the series , the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM , and the second-highest-grossing film of 2012 . The film won several accolades , including two BAFTA Awards , two Academy Awards and two Grammys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f2a70571a5272d4840aae84868a524e", "text": "Alien Love Triangle Alien Love Triangle is a 2008 comedy-science fiction short film directed by Danny Boyle . It was filmed in 1999 . The film was originally intended to be one of a trilogy of 30-minute short films shown together . However , the two other films , Mimic and Impostor , turned into full-length features and the project was cancelled . The film had its world premiere as part of the closing ceremony of the smallest theatre in the UK , La Charrette , on 23 February 2008 , an event organised by Mark Kermode of The Culture Show . Kenneth Branagh attended the screening . The film 's only other recorded screening was shortly after the premiere , at the Kenneth Branagh season at the National Media Museum , again with Branagh in attendance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9", "text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d01b30378724b538205a765b4057ef39", "text": "Harmon Craig Harmon Craig ( March 15 , 1926 -- March 14 , 2003 ) was an American geochemist . Craig studied geology and chemistry at the University of Chicago , where he earned a Ph.D. under Nobel Laureate Harold Urey with a thesis on carbon isotope geochemistry in 1951 . He remained at the University of Chicago as a research associate at the Enrico Fermi Institute . In 1955 he was recruited to Scripps Institution of Oceanography by Roger Revelle . Craig developed new methods in radiocarbon dating and applied the radioisotope and isotope distribution to various topics in marine - , geo - , and cosmochemistry . As professor of Geochemistry and Oceanography at Scripps , Craig produced fundamental findings about how the deep earth , oceans and atmosphere work . In 1970 , Craig teamed up with colleagues at Scripps , Columbia University 's Lamont -- Doherty Earth Observatory and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to direct the GEOSECS Programme ( geochemical ocean sections study ) to investigate the chemical and isotopic properties of the world 's oceans . GEOSECS produced the most complete set of ocean chemistry data ever collected . Craig discovered submarine hydrothermal vents by measuring helium 3 and radon emitted from seafloor spreading centers . He made 17 dives to the bottom of the ocean in the ALVIN submersible , including the first descent into the Mariana Trough , where he discovered hydrothermal vents nearly 3700m deep . Craig led 28 oceanographic expeditions and traveled to the East African Rift Valley , The Dead Sea , Tibet , Yunnan ( China ) and many other places to sample volcanic rocks and gases . He visited all the major volcanic island chains of the Pacific and Indian Oceans to collect lava samples . He identified 16 mantle hotspots where volcanic ` plumes ' rise from the Earth 's core through the deep mantle by measuring their helium 3 to helium 4 ratio , identifying the higher helium 3 content present in the hotspots as primordial helium . He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences . Craig won the VM Goldschmidt Medal of the Geochemical Society in 1979 , the National Science Foundation 's Special Creativity Award in Oceanography in 1982 and the Arthur L Day Prize of the National Academy of Sciences in 1987 . In 1998 he was awarded the Balzan Prize for Geochemistry . On that occasion , he was quoted as saying `` The Prize 's most significant effect was to establish that Geochemistry , especially Isotope Geochemistry , which began in 1947 , had come of age and is a mature science . This was much more important than the specific person chosen for the award . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80308aed8833e18cfe4a9fe075b6de83", "text": "The Big Tease The Big Tease is a 1999 comedy film starring Craig Ferguson , directed by Kevin Allen , and written by Ferguson and Sacha Gervasi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "853c55d9deadac9eed007848896ac51d", "text": "Socket (film) Socket is an independent sci-fi thriller directed by Sean Abley and produced by John Carrozza , Sean Abley , Matt Mishkoff and Doug Prinzivalli , starring Derek Long as Dr. Bill and Matthew Montgomery as Dr. Craig Murphy . It was released in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1bf6a0c01b3e25c2966eca3e19fe95e", "text": "Daniel X: Watch the Skies For the tagline Watch the Skies see The Thing from Another World Daniel X : Watch the Skies is a teen science fiction novel written by James Patterson and Ned Rust . It is the second novel in the Daniel X series and was released on July 27 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ec6f4d6faa2b1f0d754750777e53b7", "text": "Michael Craig (actor) Michael Francis Gregson ( born 27 January 1928 ) , known professionally as Michael Craig , is a British actor and scriptwriter , known for his work in theatre , film and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be8ef247d83f3f3d1808560cac33d111", "text": "Primer (film) Primer is a 2004 American independent science fiction drama film about the accidental discovery of time travel . The film was written , directed , produced , edited and scored by Shane Carruth , who also stars . Primer is of note for its extremely low budget , experimental plot structure , philosophical implications , and complex technical dialogue , which Carruth , a college graduate with a degree in mathematics and a former engineer , chose not to simplify for the sake of the audience . The film collected the Grand Jury Prize at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival , before securing a limited release in the United States , and has since gained a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ac0bb277876929e2b7911bfae45b2d0", "text": "Craig McConnell Craig ( Robert ) McConnell ( born 1978 ) is a Canadian music producer , film and television composer , and songwriter . His ten feature films have received theatrical distribution in over 50 countries . His music is also featured in more than 4000 episodes of television broadcasting in over 25 countries worldwide . His film scoring credits include Irvine Welsh 's Ecstasy ( from the author of Trainspotting ) , Textuality ( starring Jason Lewis ) , Animal 2 ( starring Ving Rhames ) and 5ive Girls ( starring Ron Perlman ) . For television , he has composed for international TV series such as Word Girl ( PBS ) , Wedding SOS ( Slice ) and Property Virgins ( HGTV ) . Along with partner Justin Forsley , he recently wrote the theme song and underscore for the sitcom Life With Boys , from the creators of Hannah Montana . In 2012 , he was nominated for `` Best Music '' at the 2012 British Independent Film Festival ( BIFF ) Awards for his work on Irvine Welsh 's Ecstasy . Craig is an award-winning songwriter and producer ( Winner , USA Songwriting Competition , Best R&B ) with credits in North America , Asia and Europe across many musical genres . Recent artists include Keshia Chante ( Tanjola/Universal ) , Raghav ( Fontana ) , Crystal Kay ( Epic/Sony ) , Chemistry ( DefStar/Sony ) and Juno-winner Divine Brown . McConnell holds a B.A.Sc from the University of Toronto ( Engineering Science ) and currently sits on the Board of Directors of the Screen Composers Guild of Canada . He is also the President of the production music company hard Music Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5c0eab8f8bb202e3baaaef7952557a6", "text": "The Astronaut's Wife The Astronaut 's Wife is a 1999 American science fiction thriller film directed and written by Rand Ravich . It stars Johnny Depp and Charlize Theron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dcb31d030ed15ac3efcf4c09507ab7b", "text": "Deadman Apocalypse Deadman Apocalypse is a 2016 science fiction film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876022af87f647b87f58627e959d35fd", "text": "Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' . The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .", "title": "" } ]	fever
889350821bb3d75680771bb87b4338b9	Aspen, Colorado is where John Denver has lived most of his life.	[ { "docid": "0a89e7eaca31fe80a347fd14088c1a99", "text": "John Denver Henry John Deutschendorf Jr. ( December 31 , 1943 -- October 12 , 1997 ) , known professionally as John Denver , an American musician , singer-songwriter , record producer , activist , actor , and humanitarian , whose greatest commercial success was as a solo singer . After traveling and living in numerous locations while growing up in his military family , Denver began his music career with folk music groups during the late 1960s . Starting in the 1970s , he was one of the most popular acoustic artists of the decade and one of its best-selling artists . By 1974 , he was firmly established as America 's best selling performer , and AllMusic has described Denver as `` among the most beloved entertainers of his era '' . Denver recorded and released approximately 300 songs , about 200 of which he composed , with total record sales of over 33 million . He recorded and performed primarily with an acoustic guitar and sang about his joy in nature , his disdain for city life , his enthusiasm for music , and his relationship trials . Denver 's music appeared on a variety of charts , including country music , the Billboard Hot 100 , and adult contemporary , in all earning him twelve gold and four platinum albums with his signature songs `` Take Me Home , Country Roads '' , `` Annie 's Song '' , `` Rocky Mountain High '' , `` Thank God I 'm a Country Boy '' , and `` Sunshine on My Shoulders '' . Denver starred in films and several notable television specials in the 1970s and 1980s . He continued to record in the 1990s , also focusing on environmental issues by lending vocal support to space exploration and testifying in front of Congress in protest against censorship in music . He lived in Aspen , Colorado for much of his life and was known for his love of Colorado which he sang about numerous times . In 1974 Denver was named poet laureate of the state . The Colorado state legislature also adopted `` Rocky Mountain High '' as one of its two state songs in 2007 . Denver was an avid pilot and died at the age of 53 in a single-fatality crash of his personal experimental aircraft .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9e10779f50db669b41df101e70160144", "text": "LEAF Festival LEAF Festival is produced by LEAF Community Arts , a non-profit organization established to build community and enrich lives through the arts , locally and globally , through festivals , events , mentoring , and educational programs . When LEAF was created in 1995 , it was an acronym for `` Lake Eden Arts Festival '' . As of 2012 , we no longer use the origin except as a historical reference - it has transformed into LEAF Community Arts often referred to as `` LEAF '' . LEAF has several signature programs including : LEAF Festival , LEAF Schools & Streets , LEAF International , LEAF Downtown AVL , and LEAF Local . Occurring twice a year since 1995 , LEAF Festival , based in Black Mountain , North Carolina has established a reputation as being one of the best festivals in the southeast . The Washington Post recognized it in 2001 as , `` The best cultural Mix and Match Festival in the nation '' . The festival includes international and local music , handcrafts , dancing , cuisine , children 's activities , outdoor adventures , drum circles , a zipline , canoeing , etc. . The home of LEAF , Lake Eden Events & Camp Rockmont , has an intriguing history . Prior to becoming a camp , in the 1940s it was the site of the historic Black Mountain College ( BMC ) . Many of the century 's most celebrated artists and thinkers attended the college as teachers or students : Albert Einstein , Robert Rauschenberg , Anni Albers , Merce Cunningham , Rothko and Buckminster Fuller ( who designed the first geodesic dome there ) . Prior to BMC , in the early 1900s , Edwin Wiley Grove ( of the Grove Park Inn and Grove Arcade ) developed the land and constructed some buildings with his trademark native stone fireplaces . Prior to Grove , The Lake Eden Inn and Resort offered a getaway for people seeking its healing waters and rejuvenating air . LEAF in Schools & Streets is a non-profit collaborative outreach program bringing performing artists into schools and community centers for hands-on workshops , residencies , and interactive performances . The experience provides opportunities for youth to perform alongside resident artists on a national stage , with family members in the audience . The program provides participating youth with a diverse experience that includes workshops , performances , interactions with performing artists , and a festival adventure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dccef5ce7d87521e23bc4a5370ae01a6", "text": "New Denver New Denver is a village in southeastern British Columbia , Canada , along the shore of Slocan Lake . New Denver was founded as a mining town in 1892 , and briefly known as Eldorado City before being renamed after Denver , Colorado . It was incorporated as a village in 1929 and currently has approximately 504 residents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0296e0cf16664b363e9ac343ef0bece6", "text": "Belinda Mulrooney Belinda Mulrooney ( 1872 -- 1967 ) was an entrepreneur and purportedly the `` richest woman in the Klondike '' . She made one fortune in the Klondike Gold Rush , lost it , and amassed a second , which lasted most of her life . Mulrooney was born in Ireland . When she was young , her family either emigrated to Pennsylvania , where her father worked as a miner in Scranton , or sent her to live with relatives there . She set out on her own and operated a sandwich stand during the 1893 World 's Columbian Exposition in Chicago . With her profits , she traveled to San Francisco in 1894 to set up an ice cream parlor . Undaunted when she lost everything in a fire , she found employment as a stewardess on a Pacific Coast Steamship Company ship plying its route from California to Alaska , earning extra money by selling necessities and luxuries to the passengers . Discovery of gold at Juneau , Alaska motivated her to move north in 1896 . Then came the Klondike Gold Rush to the east , in Canada . Instead of seeking her fortune as a prospector , Mulrooney bought supplies of `` silk underwear , bolts of cotton cloth and hot water bottles '' with her savings of $ 5000 and transported them over the Chilkoot Pass to Dawson City , where she sold them for six times that amount in June 1897 . She built a restaurant in Dawson , then a roadhouse , the Grand Forks Hotel and restaurant , near the gold fields . Prospering , she started buying mining claims as well ; by the end of the year , she either owned or was a partner in five . She sold the hotel for $ 24,000 and set about building the finest hotel in Dawson . The Fairview Hotel opened its doors on July 27 , 1898 , with a restaurant and rooms for thirty guests . Mulrooney once partnered with fellow Klondike legend Alex McDonald to salvage the cargo from a small ship wrecked on a sand bar . McDonald got there first and took all of the food , leaving only gum boots and whiskey for her . She got her revenge , however . The next spring , when McDonald needed boots for his workers , he had to pay her $ 100 a pair . On October 1 , 1900 , Mulrooney married self-styled `` Count '' Charles Eugene Carbonneau , who claimed to be a French aristocrat , but was actually a champagne salesman and former barber from Quebec . By 1903 or 1904 , the couple separated , and she lost her fortune . She obtained a divorce in December 1906 . Starting over , she moved to Fairbanks , Alaska in 1904 or 1905 and prospered once again . She established the Dome City Bank in Fairbanks with her younger sister Margaret . Mulrooney eventually retired to Yakima , Washington , where she had a large mansion built . She supported her family until her money ran out . She then moved to Seattle , where she died in 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dbd6076be3b1fcf11a8974ad37ad42d", "text": "Jeff Cloud (politician) Jeff Cloud is an American Republican politician from the U.S. state of Oklahoma . Jeff Cloud was elected statewide to a six-year term on the Oklahoma Corporation Commission on November 5 , 2002 , and assumed the chairmanship of the Commission in June 2005 . He was re-elected to another six-year term on November 4 , 2008 . However , Cloud resigned from the Commission in October 2011 . Cloud is a member of the Electricity Committee for the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners ( NARUC ) and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ( FERC ) , Joint Boards on Security Constrained Economic Dispatch , sits on the Advisory Boards for the Center for Public Utilities at New Mexico State University and Oklahoma Water Resources Institute-Water Research . Cloud is also a member of the Legal and Regulatory Committee of the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission ( IOGCC ) and serves on Oklahoma Employees Retirement System Board of Trustees . The Aspen Institute recently honored Cloud as one of the top young elected officials by naming him as a fellow for the Aspen Institute-Rodel Fellowship which brings together `` the nation 's emerging leaders '' to discuss broad issues of democratic governance and effective public service . Born in Tulsa and raised in Oklahoma City , Cloud earned a degree in Petroleum Land Management from the University of Oklahoma and a juris doctor from the Oklahoma City University School of Law . Cloud is married with three children to his wife , Trish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f814ac80cb5b0a6de2f2812c47ade4b4", "text": "Populus tremula Populus tremula , commonly called aspen , common aspen , Eurasian aspen , European aspen , or quaking aspen , is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of Europe and Asia , from Iceland and the British Isles east to Kamchatka , north to inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and northern Russia , and south to central Spain , Turkey , the Tian Shan , North Korea , and northern Japan . It also occurs at one site in northwest Africa in Algeria . In the south of its range , it occurs at high altitudes in mountains . The English name Waverly , meaning `` quaking aspen '' , is both a surname and unisex given name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caeea08a2dafdf987ac5154815f80c1b", "text": "Dick Durrance Richard `` Dick '' Henry Durrance ( October 23 , 1914 -- June 13 , 2004 ) was a 17-time national championship alpine ski racer and one of the first Americans to compete successfully against Europeans . Durrance was born in Tarpon Springs , Florida , and moved with his family at age 13 in 1928 to Munich , Germany , where he learned to ski at nearby Garmisch-Partenkirchen . Durrance raced competitively in Germany and won the German Junior Alpine Championship in 1932 at age 17 . The following year , he learned the newly developed parallel turn from Anton Seelos . With the rise of Hitler , the family returned to the United States and he attended Dartmouth College in 1934 and won at Sestriere , Italy , the first American to dominate at a major European ski race . Durrance also won the U.S. men 's downhill , slalom , and combined events in 1937 and was named to the U.S. Olympic Team for the 1936 Winter Olympics , the first to include alpine skiing . The only medal event was the combined and Durrance finished tenth ; eleventh in the downhill portion and eighth in the slalom . He was a three-time winner of the Harriman Cup in Sun Valley , Idaho , then held in the Boulder Mountains north of the resort , and helped cut the original trails on its Bald Mountain in the summer of 1939 . Durrance was named to the 1940 Olympic team , but those games were cancelled due to World War II . In 1940 , he worked as publicity photographer for Sun Valley and married ski racer Margaret `` Miggs '' Jennings . In 1941 , the Durrances bought and operated the lodge and lifts at fledgling Alta in Utah , near Salt Lake City . After training paratroopers to ski for the U.S. Army at Alta , the Durrances were expecting their first child . They moved to Seattle , where Dick worked for Boeing on in-flight camera recording equipment as a Flight Test Engineer , a job that lasted until 1945 . The Durrances then moved to Colorado to work in Denver for Thor Groswold , then the nation 's premier ski maker , to design and test Groswold skis . At the same time , Durrance contracted with Denver 's Ernest Constam , inventor of the J-bar and the T-bar ski lifts , to sell his conveyances in the West . Durrance sold his first T-bar to Aspen , a resort just then emerging as the first postwar ski area of note in the Rockies . In 1947 , Durrance was hired to manage the Aspen Skiing Company . The struggling company was turned around by Durrance , who brought the 1950 World Championships to Aspen , the first held outside of Europe . It put Aspen on the map and it is now one of the most popular ski resorts in the United States . He also produced a number of ski films and devoted most of his life to the promotion of skiing . Durrance died of natural causes at age 89 on June 13 , 2004 , in Carbondale , Colorado , near Aspen . His wife Miggs died in November 2002 ; they were survived by their two sons , Dick , Jr. and Dave , and three grandchildren . In its 75th anniversary issue in 2011 , SKI magazine listed Durrance as the `` Skier of the Decade '' for the 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3f6d8a016f3d3f061e7506b8eb3214c", "text": "Pagosa Springs, Colorado Pagosa Springs is a municipality that is the county seat of , and the only incorporated municipality in , Archuleta County , Colorado , United States . The population was 1,727 at the 2010 census . Approximately 65 percent of the land in Archuleta County is either San Juan National Forest , Weminuche and South San Juan Wilderness areas , or Southern Ute Indian land . Pagosa Springs and the surrounding county are both experiencing a substantial influx of second-home owners ; a 2006 property assessment indicates that 60 % of area private properties are owned by non-residents . Pagosa Springs is located approximately 35 mi north of the New Mexico border , nestled at 7000 ft on the Western Slope of the Continental Divide . This combination of high desert plateau and dramatic Rocky Mountains to the north and east creates an unusually mild climate , especially in the summer months , when compared with much of the surrounding Southwest . Pagosa is favored with around 300 days of sun each year , as well as four distinct seasons . The town is located in the upper San Juan Basin , surrounded by the 3 million acre ( 12,000 km ² ) San Juan National Forest , and adjacent to the largest wilderness area in the state of Colorado , the Weminuche Wilderness . The town is named for the sulfur springs located there , including the world 's deepest geothermal hot spring . This `` Mother Spring '' feeds the pools hosted by three local hot spring soaking locations within town . The largest is at The Springs Resort & Spa which hosts the mother spring . Other hot springs facilities in town are the Healing Waters Resort and Spa and the Overlook Hot Springs Spa . The mineral-rich water continues to be celebrated for its therapeutic powers . The Utes called the sulfur-rich mineral springs Pah gosah , which is commonly translated in modern documents as `` healing waters '' ; a Ute elder once translated the phrase as `` water ( pah ) that has a bad smell ( gosah ) . '' Visitors from all over the world come to enjoy its hot baths . Some come to cure ailments , others to simply relax in the mineral-rich waters . Other recreational activities in the area include downhill and cross country skiing at nearby Wolf Creek ski area . Snowmobiling in the surrounding National Forest is also quite popular . Summertime activities include fishing , hiking , and rafting . Come autumn , the area is a popular destination for hunters , who harvest elk , deer , and other game animals . `` Downtown Pagosa Springs '' was the final destination for a duo of truckers in the 1975 country song `` Wolf Creek Pass '' by C. W. McCall . U.S. Highway 160 from the pass to town goes through a vertical drop of around 5000 ft , and is described in the song as `` hairpin county and switchback city '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "325b72bd48022569a6fb9f6f4a136660", "text": "Colorado Governor's Mansion The Colorado Governor 's Mansion , also known as the Cheesman-Boettcher Mansion , is a historic U.S. mansion in Denver , Colorado . It is located at 400 East 8th Avenue . On December 3 , 1969 , it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . It is open free-of-charge for scheduled tours , and also hosts special public events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17ff8c88e7bf852014d2818258cc6141", "text": "List of Denver landmarks Denver has a formal historic designation program that establishes Denver landmarks . These are designated by ordinances of Denver 's city council . The first three sites so designated , on January 10 , 1968 , are the Emmanuel/Sherith Chapel , Constitution Hall ( site ) ( destroyed by fire in 1977 ) , and the Governors Mansion . The list of designated sites is 11 pages long . It also has many visitor attractions and unofficial landmarks , including : 16th Street Mall is a mile long pedestrian-only street that runs from Denver Union Station in LoDo to Broadway at the other end of downtown . Avenue Theater , a professional theater located in the Downtown Denver vicinity . Black American West Museum , which reflects the history of African Americans in the West and Denver . Brown Palace Hotel , proclaimed by Elvis as `` The best hotel in the world '' , a historic hotel that has hosted many celebrities , dignitaries , and other important people . Buckhorn Exchange , Denver 's oldest restaurant , a historic old-west steakhouse Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception , Denver ( shown ) , where Pope John Paul II celebrated mass twice in August , 1993 . Civic Center , a neoclassical park , and the cultural , art and governmental center of Denver . Colorado Convention Center , the newly renovated large convention center often hosts major events held in Denver . Colorado State Capitol , the seat of the state government of Colorado . Confluence Park , where the city started at the confluence of the South Platte and Cherry Creek . D&F Tower , when it was built in 1910 , it was the tallest building west of the Mississippi . Denver 's Downtown Aquarium , a full-sized public aquarium . Denver Art Museum , the largest art museum between Kansas City and San Francisco . Denver Botanic Gardens ( shown ) , which made a Hollywood debut in Woody Allen 's Sleeper Denver Mint , the single largest producer of coins in the world . Denver Firefighters Museum Denver Museum of Nature and Science , one of America 's premier museums exhibiting world culture . Denver Performing Arts Complex , the second largest performing arts center in the US after New York City 's Lincoln Center . Denver Public Library , which serves Denver 's educational and entertainment needs from 24 locations and two bookmobiles . Denver Zoo , one of the largest zoos of its kind , it features a gift shop and a wide array of exotic animals . Dikeou Collection , a private collection of contemporary art that is open to the public . Elitch Gardens Theme Park , an amusement park . Elitch Theatre , an amazing historic theatre at the site of the original Elitch Gardens . Ellie Caulkins Opera House Four Mile House , an important stop on the Cherokee Trail and the oldest standing residential building in the metropolitan area . History Colorado Center , the modern state history museum is Denver 's newest cultural attraction located in the Golden Triangle Museum District , and features interactive exhibits , artifacts , the Stephen H. Hart Research Library , a cafe and gift shop . Lloyd M. Joshel House , one of the finest examples of International Style architecture in Denver . Kirkland Museum of Fine & Decorative Art , a museum featuring works of Vance Kirkland and others . Molly Brown House , where `` The unsinkable Molly Brown '' once lived . Red Rocks , a Denver-owned park and outdoor amphitheater located 15 miles west of city limits known for its natural red rock formations , acoustics and legendary concerts . Richthofen Castle , a castle built by the uncle and godfather of the Red Baron . Tattered Cover , a very popular independent bookstore with two locations in Denver ( LoDo and Colfax Avenue ) , and one in the suburb of Highlands Ranch . It has hosted lectures by such great poets and minds as Denverites Allen Ginsberg and Neal Cassady . Sakura Square or `` Tiny Tokyo '' , the center of the historical and prominent Japanese community of Denver , first formed around 1944 . Union Station ( shown ) , a magnificent three-story building and the future hub of RTD 's commuter rail network . Wells Fargo Center , also known as the `` cash register '' building , one of the city 's most identifiable buildings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26ef5175e2b28657cabede136dc4b3af", "text": "John W. Metzger John William Metzger ( April 4 , 1911 -- January 25 , 1984 ) was a prominent Denver lawyer . He was elected to the Attorney General for the state of Colorado in 1949 for one term . He was also briefly the owner of the historic Trianon property in Colorado Springs , Colorado before moving much of the art to the Trianon Museum and Art Gallery in Denver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2189e4ca99b75568138ffbde87d39a5f", "text": "J. Quigg Newton James Quigg Newton Jr. ( August 3 , 1911 -- April 4 , 2003 ) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the mayor of Denver , Colorado from 1947 to 1955 . Newtwon was born in Denver . His father was a businessman in Denver . He was educated in Denver and then studied at Yale Law School . He worked for the Denver law firm of Lewis and Grant before founding his own law firm . His firm merged with Lewis & Grant in 1947 to form Lewis , Grant , Newton , Davis & Henry , which later became Lewis , Grant & Davis , and then Davis Graham & Stubbs . His colleague and Yale classmate Richard Davis married his sister Nancy . Newton served as a legal officer in the US Navy in the Second World War . He married Virginia Shafroth in 1942 ; she was the granddaughter of John F. Shafroth who served as US Senator and Governor of Colorado . They had four daughters . In 1947 , aged 35 , he stood for the office of mayor , and defeated the incumbent , Benjamin F. Stapleton , who first became mayor in 1923 . Newton was the first mayor of Denver to have been born in the city . He was reelected in 1951 , but stood down in 1955 . After leaving office as Mayor , and spending time as a vice-president of the Ford Foundation , he was president of the University of Colorado from 1956 to 1963 . He served on the Republican National Committee . He was president of the Commonwealth Fund in New York from 1963 to 1976 , and then spent time in California . He returned to practice law at Davis Graham & Stubbs from 1981 to his death in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "585c60f5ca49e0cee214511616611fa0", "text": "Western Conservative Summit The Western Conservative Summit is an annual conference of influential U.S. conservatives , held in Denver , Colorado since 2010 . It is organized by the Centennial Institute and Colorado Christian University . It has grown each year , and now includes a Young Conservatives Leadership Conference , which is led by radio host Hugh Hewitt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6e1e8eb7ab89e92230ceffd1d35b95d", "text": "Montclair, Denver Montclair is a neighborhood in the City and County of Denver , Colorado , United States . The Denver U.S. Post Office ( ZIP Code 80220 ) serves Montclair postal addresses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "910a2d0991be934f22a23f234ea7b80f", "text": "Stapleton, Denver Stapleton is a neighborhood in Denver , Colorado . Located 15 minutes Northeast of downtown Denver , the development is on the site of the decommissioned Stapleton International Airport , which closed in 1995 . Now referred to as the Stapleton Community , Stapleton contains nine neighborhoods , nine schools public/private , 50 parks , several shopping and business districts , even its own visitor center . Planned to be operational by the year 2016 . Stapleton is connected to the rest of the Denver metro area by a recently opened commuter rail line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4643c67be6b12c23ecbd9bc12cfdaf6", "text": "Front Range Urban Corridor The Front Range Urban Corridor is an oblong region of urban population located along the eastern face of the Southern Rocky Mountains , encompassing 18 counties in the U.S. states of Colorado and Wyoming . The corridor derives its name from the Front Range , the mountain range that defines the west central boundary of the corridor . The region comprises the northern portion of the Southern Rocky Mountain Front geographic area , which in turn comprises the southern portion of the Rocky Mountain Front geographic area of Canada and the United States . The Front Range Urban Corridor had an estimated population of 4,757,713 on July 1 , 2015 , an increase of +9.78 % since the 2010 United States Census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46f327252376115d9de5ba74d5089a05", "text": "Aspen Skiing Company The Aspen Skiing Company , known locally as `` Ski Co '' , is a commercial enterprise based in Aspen , Colorado in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acb4a587712adabb8803697970eccce2", "text": "Pitkin County Courthouse The Pitkin County Courthouse is located on East Main Street ( State Highway 82 ) in Aspen , Colorado , United States . It is a large brick building erected in the late 19th century that serves as offices not just of Pitkin County 's courts but its other governmental agencies , and the Aspen police . A landmark of the city , it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 . Like many courthouses , it has a statue of Lady Justice in the front . Unlike many of the other such statues , she is depicted without a blindfold . In the late 20th and 21st centuries , as Aspen became a popular destination for wealthy and famous people , the courthouse has seen several high-profile defendants and litigants , from Ted Bundy to Charlie Sheen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d5c43f16e1f5030168aed6afd905571", "text": "John F. Kennedy High School (Denver, Colorado) John F. Kennedy High School ( also known as `` Kennedy '' or `` JFK '' ) is a public secondary school located in the Bear Valley neighborhood on the southwest side of Denver , Colorado , United States . The school serves about 1,500 students in grades 9-12 in the Denver Public Schools system . When the school opened with the spring semester of the 1965 - 1966 school year , it served both grades 7 - 9 and grades 10-12 . There was no junior high school in the area , so the new school was designed to accommodate both junior and senior high school students . In 1974 , a court ordered the almost 100 % white school , along with the rest of Denver 's school system , to begin desegregation busing . A large portion of the former attendance area was assigned to Lincoln High School ( without buses ) and students from other parts of Denver were assigned to Kennedy ( with buses ) . The court-ordered busing was the start of the great white flight out of the Denver Public School System .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf1cbe223afec1152457fe3a256d6771", "text": "Denver Health Medical Center Denver Health Medical Center , formerly named Denver General Hospital and sometimes abbreviated to Denver Health , is a hospital in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Denver , founded in 1860 . It is one of four Level I Trauma Centers in Colorado . Denver Health is one of the primary teaching hospitals in Denver and is affiliated with the University of Colorado Denver , Children 's Hospital Colorado , and the Veteran 's Affairs Hospital in Aurora , Colorado .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a222afd577c9fe9647007f3c665c858", "text": "Sweet Surrender (John Denver song) `` Sweet Surrender '' is the title of a popular song by the American singer-songwriter John Denver . It was originally recorded for his 1974 album Back Home Again , but was chosen as the lead single from the concert album An Evening with John Denver . `` Sweet Surrender '' reached # 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in February 1975 , remaining in the Top 40 for eight weeks . It also rose to # 1 on the adult contemporary chart , Denver 's fourth song to reach the top on this survey ( following `` Sunshine on My Shoulders '' , `` Annie 's Song '' and `` Back Home Again '' ) . Following a theme common to many of Denver 's songs , the lyrics to `` Sweet Surrender '' deal with a journey of self-exploration tied to themes of nature and environment . The single version of `` Sweet Surrender '' has yet to appear on any compact disc or digital reissue , characterized by its lack of applause over the introduction . `` Sweet Surrender '' was the opening theme song of the 1974 Walt Disney movie The Bears and I . It was covered by the pop/folk band `` The Seekers '' and appeared on the Australian release of their 1975 self-titled album .", "title": "" } ]	fever
761239cce4139943ace20328c2397e1e	Muhammad was persecuted by some Meccan groups.	[ { "docid": "e94252d314e40a3b7efd6d64bb8d05f4", "text": "Persecution of Muslims by Meccans In the early days of Islam at Mecca , the new Muslims were often subjected to abuse and persecution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e16f39a8cb30451b151a8cd816f91a", "text": "Muhammad Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd AllāhFull name : Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim ( ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم , lit : Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim ) ( محمد -LSB- muħammad -RSB- ; Classical Arabic pronunciation c. 570 CE -- 8 June 632 CE ) is the prophet of Islam and widely identified as its founder by non-Muslims . According to Islamic doctrine , he was God 's Messenger ( rasūl Allāh ) sent to confirm the essential teachings of monotheism preached previously by Adam , Abraham , Moses , Jesus , and other prophets . He is viewed as the final prophet of God in primary branches of Islam , though some modern denominations diverge from this belief.The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community considers Muhammad to be the `` Seal of the Prophets '' ( Khātam an-Nabiyyīn ) and the last law-bearing Prophet but not the last Prophet . See : There are also smaller sects which believe Muhammad to be not the last Prophet : The Nation of Islam considers Elijah Muhammad to be a prophet ( source : African American Religious Leaders -- p. 76 , Jim Haskins , Kathleen Benson -- 2008 ) . United Submitters International consider Rashad Khalifa to be a prophet . ( Source : Daniel Pipes , Miniatures : Views of Islamic and Middle Eastern Politics , p. 98 ( 2004 ) ) Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings , practices , and the Quran , formed the basis of Islamic religious belief . Born approximately 570CE ( Year of the Elephant ) in the Arabian city of Mecca , Muhammad was orphaned at an early age ; he was raised under the care of his paternal uncle Abu Talib . Periodically , he would seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer ; later , at age 40 , he reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave , where he stated he received his first revelation from God . Three years later , in 610 , Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly , proclaiming that `` God is One '' , that complete `` surrender '' ( lit . islām ) to him is the right course of action ( dīn ) , and that he was a prophet and messenger of God , similar to the other prophets in Islam . Muhammad gained few early followers , and met hostility from some Meccan tribes . To escape persecution , Muhammad sent some followers to Abyssinia before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina ( then known as Yathrib ) in the year 622 . This event , the Hijra , marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar , also known as the Hijri Calendar . In Medina , Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina . In December 629 , after eight years of intermittent conflict with Meccan tribes , Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca . The attack went largely uncontested and Muhammad seized the city with little bloodshed . In 632 , a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage , he fell ill and died . Before his death , most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam . The revelations ( each known as Ayah , lit . `` Sign -LSB- of God -RSB- '' ) , which Muhammad reported receiving until his death , form the verses of the Quran , regarded by Muslims as the `` Word of God '' and around which the religion is based . Besides the Quran , Muhammad 's teachings and practices ( sunnah ) , found in the Hadith and sira literature , are also upheld by Muslims and used as sources of Islamic law ( see Sharia ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4a58af3cccf784df073414f1aee42607", "text": "Hejaz The Hejaz , also Al-Hijaz ( اَلْـحِـجَـاز , , literally `` the Barrier '' ) , is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia . The region is so called as it separates the land of the Najd in the east from the land of Tihamah in the west . It is also known as the `` Western Province . '' It is bordered on the west by the Red Sea , on the north by Jordan , on the east by the Najd , and on the south by ` Asir Region . Its main city is Jeddah , but it is probably better known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina . As the site of Islam 's holiest places , the Hejaz has significance in the Arab and Islamic historical and political landscape . Historically , the Hejaz has always seen itself as separate from the rest of Saudi Arabia . The Hejaz is the most populated region in Saudi Arabia ; 35 % of all Saudis live in Hejaz . Hejazi Arabic is the most widely spoken dialect in the region . Saudi Hejazis are of ethnically diverse origins . The Hejaz is the most cosmopolitan region in the Arabian Peninsula . People of Hejaz have the most strongly articulated identity of any regional grouping in Saudi Arabia . Their place of origin alienates them from the Saudi state , which invokes different narratives of the history of the Arabian Peninsula . Thus , Hejazis experienced tensions with people of Najd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7249c970a4e5725f7ce3b8cbcddbd715", "text": "Tawussite Shia The Tawussite Shia ( attributed to Ajlan ibn Tawus ) were a Shia group who were a section of the supporters of Imam Ja ` far al-Sadiq who denied admitting that he died . They believed that he was the Awaited Mahdi and that he was alive and did not die . After the death of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir , the defeat of Muhammad ibn Abdallah An-Nafs Az-Zakiyya , the triumph of the Abbasids , and the popularity of Imam Ja ` far al-Sadiq , reports became widespread on his Mahdism . Al-Nubakhti reports that : `` Some Shiites ( i.e. Tawussites ) have reported ( falsely ) from Imam Sadiq that he said : ` If you see my head rolling to you from the mountain , you should not believe that , for I am your Sahib ( Mahdi ) ''' and : `` If anyone informs you that he nursed me , washed my body ( after death ) and shrouded me , do not believe him , I am your companion ( Sahib ) and the companion of the sword . '' Among the Tawussites was Aban ibn Uthman al-Ahmar , who was considered by Shia scholar al-Kashi to have been one of the men of Ijma ( consensus ) , i.e. one of the supposed closest people to Imam Sadiq .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fde5560cf5d0c7da0bba0fcae6c27f4", "text": "Year of Sorrow In the Islamic tradition , the Year of Sorrow ( -LSB- عام الحزن , ` Ām al-Ḥuzn -RSB- , also translated Year of Sadness ) is the Hijri year in which Muhammad 's wife Khadijah and his uncle and protector Abu Talib died . The year approximately coincided with 619 CE or the tenth year after Muhammad 's first revelation . After the death of Abu Talib , Muhammad became vulnerable due to the loss of clan protection granted by Abu Talib ( who was also the chief of Banu Hashim ) . He began to be the target of physical attacks by his Meccan opponents . He visited Ta'if to look for help and invite the inhabitants to Islam , but was rejected . On the way back to Mecca , he petitioned several prominent Meccans to ask for protection . Chief Mut ` im ibn ` Adi , from the Banu Nawfal clan , acceded to his request , escorted Muhammad into the city and announced the clan 's protection of Muhammad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25c2ca6d7636ae0c41a46ae0361c4df4", "text": "Hadith studies Hadith studies ( -LSB- ʻilm al-ḥadīth `` knowledge of hadith '' or science of hadith ) are a number of religious disciplines used in the study and evaluation of the Islamic hadith ( the collections of the reports of what the Islamic prophet Muhammad said verbatim on any matter ) by Muslim scholars . It has been described by one hadith specialist , Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti , as the science of the principles by which the conditions of both the sanad , the chain of narration , and the matn , the text of the hadith , are known . This science is concerned with the sanad and the matn with its objective being distinguishing the sahih , authentic , from other than it . Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani said the preferred definition is : knowledge of the principles by which the condition of the narrator and the narrated are determined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd60639cf3dbd109f04c1ecdfe6c5645", "text": "Muhammad's wives Muhammad 's wives or Wives of Muhammad were the eleven women ( not including his two concubines ) married to the Islamic prophet Muhammad . Muslims refer to them as Mothers of the Believers ( Arabic : أمهات المؤمنين Ummahāt al-Muʾminīn ) . Muslims use the term prominently before or after referring to them as a sign of respect . The term is derived from : Muhammad 's life is traditionally delineated as two epochs : pre-hijra ( emigration ) in Mecca , a city in western Arabia , from the year 570 to 622 , and post-hijra in Medina , from 622 until his death in 632 . All but two of his marriages were contracted after the Hijra ( migration to Medina ) . Of Muhammad 's thirteen `` wives '' , at least two , Rayhana bint Zayd and Maria al-Qibtiyya , were actually only concubines ; however , there is debate among Muslims as to whether these two became his wives . Of his thirteen wives and/or concubines only two bore him children , a fact which has been described as `` curious '' by Cornell University Professor of Near Eastern Studies David S. Powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28198f8ef9a08690191fe970aba20d8", "text": "Ali Ali ( -LSB- ˈɑːli , _ ɑːˈliː -RSB- -LSB- علي , ʿAlī -RSB- , -LSB- ʕaliː -RSB- ; 15 September 601 -- 29 January 661 ) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad , the prophet of Islam . He ruled over the Caliphate from 656 to 661 , and was Imam of Shia Islam from 632 to 661 . Born to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad , ` Ali was the only person born in the sacred sanctuary of the Ka ` bah in Mecca , the holiest place in Islam , according to many classical Islamic sources , especially Shia ones . ` Ali was the first young male who accepted Islam . After migrating to Medina , he married Muhammad 's daughter Fatimah . Ali took part in the early caravan raids from Mecca and later in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community . He was appointed caliph by Muhammad 's Companions ( Sahaba ) in 656 , after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated . ` Ali 's reign saw civil wars and in 661 , he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa , dying two days later . ` Ali is important to various Sunni and Shi`ite denominations politically , legislatively and spiritually . The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased due to sectarianism , but they agree that he was a pious Muslim , devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur ' an and the Sunnah . While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun ( rightly guided ) caliphs , Shi`ites regard ` Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm . Shias also believe that ` Ali and the other Shi`ite Imams ( all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt , Muhammad 's household ) are the rightful successors to Muhammad . This disagreement split the Ummah ( Muslim community ) into the Sunni and Shia branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8561df0c00c2ae3be9f4fa4ab964d7a9", "text": "Mosque of Bani Haram Mosque of Bani Haram is one of the historic mosques in Medina , Saudi Arabia . It stands in the area where the tribe of Bani Haram lived , and it was used as a base camp during the Battle of the Trench . It is also believed to be the place where the Islamic prophet Muhammad stopped by for prayer during digging of a trench before the battle . The house of Jabir ibn Abd Allah , one of Muhammad 's companions , was located here , and several accounts of miracles are considered to be witnessed in his house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ee34b65ec5fd4f33bde4a17e7ce018", "text": "Surah A Surah ( -LSB- ˈsʊərə -RSB- also spelled Sura ; سورة , plural سور suwar ) is the term for a chapter of the Qur ` an . There are 114 Surahs in the Qur ` an , each divided into verses . The chapters or suras are of unequal length , the shortest chapter ( Al-Kawthar ) has only three ayat ( verses ) while the longest ( Al-Baqara ) contains 286 verses . Of the 114 chapters in the Qur ` an , 87 are classified as Meccan , while 27 are Medinan . This classification is only approximate in regard to location of revelation ; any chapter revealed after migration of Muhammad to Medina ( Hijrah ) is termed Medinan and any revealed before that event is termed Meccan . The Meccan chapters generally deal with faith and scenes of the Hereafter while the Medinan chapters are more concerned with organizing the social life of the nascent Muslim community and leading Muslims to the goal of Dar al-Islam by showing strength . Except for sura At-Tawba , all chapters or suras commence with ` In the Name of God , the Merciful , the Compassionate ' . This formula is known as the Bismillah and denotes the boundaries between chapters . The chapters are arranged roughly in order of descending size ; therefore the arrangement of the Qur ` an is neither chronological nor thematic . Suras ( chapters ) are recited during the standing portions ( Qiyam ) of Muslim prayers . Sura Al-Fatiha , the first chapter of the Qur ` an , is recited in every unit of prayer and some units of prayer also involve recitation of all or part of any other sura .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "398c911d17a37175a37d2578e190ff62", "text": "Hilya The term hilya ( Arabic حلية ( plural : ḥilan , ḥulan ) , hilye ( plural : hilyeler ) denotes a religious genre of Ottoman Turkish literature , dealing with the physical description of Muhammad . Hilya literally means `` ornament '' . They originate with the discipline of shama'il , the study of Muhammad 's appearance and character , based on hadith accounts , most notably Tirmidhi 's al-Shama ` il al-Muhamadiyyah wa al-Khasa ` il al-Mustafawiyyah ( `` The Sublime Characteristics of Muhammad '' ) . In Ottoman-era folk Islam , there was a belief that reading and possessing Muhammad 's description protects the person from trouble in this world and the next , it became customary to carry such descriptions , rendered in fine calligraphy and illuminated , as amulets . In 17th-century Ottoman Turkey , hilyes developed into an art form with a standard layout , often framed and used as a wall decoration . Later hilyes were also written for the first four Caliphs , the companions of Muhammad , Muhammad 's grandchildren ( Hasan and Hussein ) and Islamic saints ( walis ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cd169bcf6b5d8f40bad9d29f4f84236", "text": "Assassination of Ali Ali ibn Abi Talib , the fourth ( last ) Sunni Rashidun caliph and first Shia Imam , was assassinated by a Kharijite called Ibn Muljam on 26 January 661 at the Great Mosque of Kufa , in present-day Iraq . Ali , who was then 62 or 63 years of age , died due to his injuries two days after Ibn Muljam struck him on his head by a poison-coated sword , on the 21 ( or 19 ) Ramadan 40 AH ( 28 January 661 CE ) . He was the third successive caliph , after Umar and Uthman , to be assassinated . Ali became the caliph after the assassination of Uthman in 656 . However he faced opposition from various factions including the Levant governor , Muawiyah I . A civil war , called the First Fitna , took place within the early Islamic state which resulted in the overthrow of the Rashidun caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty . It began when the caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated in 656 and continued through the four-year reign of Ali . After Ali agreed to arbitration with Muawiyah I following the Battle of Siffin ( 657 ) , a revolt happened against him by some members of his army , later known as Kharijites ( `` those who leave '' ) . They killed some of Ali 's supporters , but they were crushed by Ali 's forces at the Battle of Nahrawan in July 658 . Ibn Muljam met up with two other Kharijites namely al-Burak ibn Abd Allah and Amr ibn Bakr al-Tamimi at Mecca , and concluded that the situation of the Muslims at the time was due to the errors of Ali , Muawiah and Amr ibn As , governor of Egypt . They decided to kill the three in order to resolve the `` deplorable situation '' of their time and also avenge their companions killed at Nahrawan . Aiming to kill Ali , Ibn Muljam headed toward Kufa where he fell in love with a woman whose brother and father had died at Nahrawan . She agreed to marry him if only he could kill Ali . Consequently , Ali was stabbed by Ibn Muljam at the Great Mosque of Kufa . After Ali 's death , Ibn Muljam was executed in retaliation by Hasan ibn Ali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10dfaad496403db2cc2a0d0be58a2ca0", "text": "Moses in Islam Mûsâ al ibn Amram ( -LSB- ٰمُوسَى , Mūsa -RSB- ) known as Moses in the Hebrew Bible , considered a prophet , messenger , and leader in Islam , is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran . In Islamic tradition , instead of introducing a new religion , Musa is regarded by Muslims as teaching and practicing the religion of his predecessors and confirming the scriptures and prophets before him . The Quran states that Moses was sent by God to the Pharaoh of Egypt and the Israelites for guidance and warning . Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual , and his life is narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet . According to Islam , all Muslims must have faith in every prophet ( nabi ) and messenger ( rasul ) which includes Moses and his brother Aaron ( Harun ) . The Quran states : Moses is considered to be a prophetic predecessor to Muhammad . Generally attributed the tale of Moses as a spiritual parallel to the life of Muhammad , considering many aspects of their lives to be shared . Islamic literature also describes a parallel between their believers and the incidents which occurred in their lifetimes . The exodus of the Israelites from Egypt is considered similar to the migration ( hijra ) made by the followers of Muhammad . Moses ( Musa ) is also very important in Islam for having been given the revelation of the Torah , which is considered to be one of the true revealed scriptures in Muslim theology , and Muslims generally hold that much of the Torah is confirmed and repeated in the Qur ` an . Moreover , according to Islamic tradition , Moses was one of the many prophets Muhammad met in the event of the Mi ` raj , when he ascended through the seven heavens . In Muslim belief , Moses is regarded as having urged Muhammad during his Mi ` raj to reduce the number of prayers until they were only five remaining , which are regarded as being the five obligatory prayers . Moses is further revered in Islamic literature , which expands upon the incidents of his life and the miracles attributed to him in the Qur ` an and hadith , such as his direct conversation with God .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b9d05c5e524181fc24c4295f7b7b5fe", "text": "Banu Sad The Banu Sa 'd ( بنو سعد / ALA-LC : Banū Saʾd ) was one of the tribes of Arabia during Muhammad 's era . The Banu Sa 'd were a subgroup of the larger Hawazin tribal confederation . They were notable for being allies to the polytheist Meccans and warring with the Muslims during Islam 's early days . Halima Sadia , Muhammad 's wet nurse , belonged to this tribe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07c63a63a5d9bf44e0a4b2fc277fe833", "text": "Historiography of early Islam The historiography of early Islam refers to the study of the early history of Islam during the 7th century , from Muhammad 's first revelations in AD 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in AD 661 , and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate , terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3055a3ee0e9a3c478675e2aabd192dac", "text": "Al-Baqi Jannat al-Baqi ` ( -LSB- جنة البقيع , Jannat al-Baqī ` , lit = Garden of Baqi -RSB- ) is a cemetery in Medina , present-day Saudi Arabia , located to the southeast of the Masjid al-Nabawi ( The Prophet 's Mosque ) . The mosque is built where the Islamic prophet Muhammad used to live , and is currently buried . It is also known as Baqi al-Gharqad , which means `` Baqi of the Boxthorn '' . The cemetery holds much significance . It contains many of Muhammad 's relatives and companions . Many traditions relate Muhammad issuing a prayer every time he passed it . A Jewish graveyard was once located behind Jannat al-Baqi . The Umayyad rulers took down the wall of the Jewish cemetery and widened the Muslim graveyard to enclose the tomb of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan within it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b6522ce3f6975f91217f83d41a29dec", "text": "Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo ( 983 -- 3 March 1009 ) , born and died in Córdoba , was the son of Almanzor who became chief minister of Hisham II , Caliph of Córdoba . Almanzor actually had all power in his hands but nominally recognized the suzerainty of the caliph . His son and successor Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar acted in the same way . His originally Christian mother was Abda ( born Urraca ) , daughter of Sancho II of Pamplona , after whom he was named ; Sanchuelo ( Shanjoul ) being the diminutive of Sancho ; because he looked like his Christian grandfather . In or about 997 , the Kingdom of Pamplona attacked Calatayud and in revenge Almanzor ordered the beheading of 50 Pamplonan captives . According to Ibn Darray , Sanchuelo himself beheaded his uncle , perhaps Gonzalo Sánchez of Aragon . When Abd al-Malik died , his younger brother Abd al-Rahman succeeded him on 20 October 1008 . He used his great influence and forced the weak caliph to designate him as his heir ( November 1008 ) . The population of Córdoba responded angrily to this development . They had already disliked the rule of Almanzor because he had recruited many Berber mercenaries for his protection . Abd ar-Rahman was also accused of poisoning his brother , Abd al-Malik . When Abd al-Rahman went on an expedition against King Alfonso V of León ( February 1009 ) , the citizens of Córdoba rose against him . They were led by Muhammad II al-Mahdi , a member of the Umayyad dynasty . Muhammad II al-Mahdi removed his relative Hisham II from the throne , became the new caliph and destroyed Abd al-Rahman 's residence , al-Madina al-Zahira ( `` the flourishing city '' ) . On receiving this news Abd al-Rahman returned to Córdoba , but his troops abandoned him . He was arrested and later assassinated on the orders of al-Mahdi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d1193682eb7fed820e6fc44b78f8c5", "text": "Stoning of the Devil The Stoning of the Devil ( -LSB- , `` stoning of the -LSB- place of pebbles -RSB- '' ) is part of the annual Islamic Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia . During the ritual , Muslim pilgrims throw pebbles at three walls ( formerly pillars ) , called jamarāt , in the city of Mina just east of Mecca . It is one of a series of ritual acts that must be performed in the Hajj . It is a symbolic reenactment of Abraham 's hajj , where he stoned three pillars representing the temptation to disobey God and preserve Ishmael . On Eid al-Adha ( the 10th day of the month of Dhu al-Hijjah ) , pilgrims must strike only one of the three jamraat ; specifically , the larger one ; with seven pebbles . After the stoning is completed on the day of Eid , every pilgrim must cut or shave their hair . On each of the following two days , they must hit each of the three walls with seven pebbles , going in order from east to west . Thus at least 49 pebbles are needed for the ritual , more if some throws miss . Some pilgrims stay at Mina for an additional day , in which case they must again stone each wall seven times . The pebbles used in the stoning are traditionally gathered at Muzdalifah , a plain southeast of Mina , on the night before the first throwing , but can also be collected at Mina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f197bfcf8cdc155242bbae8ec0c1072", "text": "Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti ( 1803 in the Azawad region north of Timbuktu -- 1865 in Timbuktu ) was a West African Islamic and political leader . He was one of the last principal spokesmen in precolonial Western Sudan for an accommodationist stance towards the threatening Christian European presence , and even provided protection to Heinrich Barth from an attempted kidnapping by the ruler of Massina , Amadu III . In a letter to the ruler , which was rather a fatwa he denied the former 's right to have Barth arrested or killed and his belongings confiscated , as the Christian was neither a dhimmi ( a non-Muslim subject of a Muslim ruler ) nor an enemy of Islam , but the native of a friendly country , that is Great Britain . He went as far as to deny Ahmad Ahmad ibn Muhammad Lobbo the right to proclaim a jihad and called him `` the ruler over a few huts at the outskirts of the Islamic world '' . Al-Bakkai was also one of the last Kunta family shaykhs , whose prestige and religious influence were interwoven with the Qadiri brotherhood and the economic fortunes of the Timbuktu region . His voluminous correspondence provides a rare , detailed glimpse into political and religious thought in 19th century West Africa regarding the primary concerns of ; the nature of the Imamate / caliphate in Sahelian and Sudanese communities , issues surrounding the encroaching Christian powers , and the growing politicalization of Sufi tariqah affiliation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "057dc19851baca6fc2ee45da309aa116", "text": "Hanbali The Hanbali school is one of the four orthodox Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence ( fiqh ) . It is named after the Iraqi scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal ( d. 855 ) , and was institutionalized by his students . The Hanbali madhhab is the smallest of four major Sunni schools , the others being the Hanafi , Maliki and Shafi`i . Hanbali school derives Sharia predominantly from the Quran , the Hadiths ( sayings and customs of Muhammad ) , and the views of Sahabah ( Muhammad 's companions ) . In cases where there is no clear answer in sacred texts of Islam , the Hanbali school does not accept jurist discretion or customs of a community as a sound basis to derive Islamic law , a method that Hanafi and Maliki Sunni fiqhs accept . Hanbali school is the strict traditionalist school of jurisprudence in Sunni Islam . It is found primarily in Saudi Arabia and Qatar , where it is the official fiqh . Hanbali followers are the demographic majority in four emirates of UAE ( Sharjah , Umm al-Quwain , Ras al-Khaimah and Ajman ) . Large minorities of Hanbali followers are also found in Bahrain , Oman and Yemen and within Iraqi and Jordanian bedouins . The Hanbali school experienced a reformation in the Wahhabi-Salafist movement . Historically the school was small ; during the 18th to early-20th century Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Al Saud greatly aided its propagation around the world by way of their interpretation of the school 's teachings . As a result of this , the school 's name has become a controversial one in certain quarters of the Islamic world due to the influence he is believed by some to have had upon these teachings , which cites Ibn Hanbal as a principal influence along with the thirteenth-century Hanbali reformer Ibn Taymiyyah . However , it has been argued by certain scholars that Ibn Hanbal 's own beliefs actually played `` no real part in the establishment of the central doctrines of Wahhabism , '' as there is evidence , according to the same authors , that `` the older Hanbalite authorities had doctrinal concerns very different from those of the Wahhabis , '' rich as medieval Hanbali literature is in references to saints , grave visitation , miracles , and relics . Historically , the Hanbali school was treated as simply another valid interpretation of Islamic law , and many prominent medieval Sufis , such as Abdul Qadir Jilani , were Hanbali jurists and mystics at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "169897f0cac6f5eb3a0b1bd0d860235f", "text": "Shuraih Al-Qadhi Shuraih ibn al-Hârith ibn Qays ibn al-Jahm al-Kindî accepted Islam in Yemen during the lifetime of Muhammad though he never met him . During the reign of Abû Bakr al-Siddîq , he relocated to Kufah in Iraq . `` Umar appointed him to be the judge of Kufah and he was very young at the time . Abû Nu`aym relates from Umm Dâwûd al-Wâbishiyyah that `` people took their disputes before Shuraih at a time when he still had no beard . '' It is said that he spent sixty years in that office . He also served as judge in Basra for a year . He succeeded Abdullah ibn Masood as the Qadi of Kufa . He was well known throughout the country for his intelligence and keen sense of judgment . He was regarded as a model judge . Ali used to call him iiAqd-ul-Arabi , that is the most judicious of all the judges of Arabia . Shuraih was known for his extensive knowledge of Islamic law and respected for his good judgment . The caliphs showed deference to him . Caliph Mu ` âwiyah then transferred him to Damascus . On account of this , Shuraih became known as `` the Judge of the Two Great Cities '' . He retired from office only a year before his death , and he is supposed to have lived to the age of 108 or 110 . It is related that , `` Alî assembled the people in the public square , saying : ' I am going to leave you , so assemble in the public square . ' The people came and began to petition him with their questions until they were finished and no one remained but Shuraih , who sat upon his knees and began to ask him . ` Alî said : `` Go , for indeed you are the most knowledgeable of Arabs in matters of judicial verdicts . '' -LSB- Hilyah al-Awliyâ ' ( 4/134 ) -RSB- Once a woman came to ` Alî with a case against her husband in a matter of divorce . After she presented her case to him , ` Alî turned to Shuraih and said : `` Judge between them . '' Shuraih said : `` O Commander of the Faithful ! ( Should I presume to do so ) while you are right here ? '' ` Alî repeated : `` Judge between them . '' Shurayh was renowned for his impeccable sense of justice and for holding all people equal before the law . About Shuraih 's appointment as a judge , it is related that Umar purchased a horse on approval , and gave it to somebody to try it . The horse got hurt in the ride , and Umar wanted to return it , but the owner refused to take it back . In the dispute that arose as a consequence , Shuraih was chosen as the arbitrator . He gave the verdict that if the horse was ridden with the permission of the owner it could be returned ; otherwise not . Umar said that that was the right decision and at once appointed Shuraih as the Qadi of Kufa . Another well known incidence records Ali 's shield being stolen . Ali recognised his shield when he saw it in the possession of a Jew . He instituted a claim in the court of Qadhi Shuraih who asked that Ali produce his witnesses to prove his claim . Ali presented his son and then his emancipated slave . According to Qadhi Shuraih the testimony of a son in favour of his father or an emancipated slave was not admissible , hence he ordered Ali to present another witness . When Ali was unable to do so , Qadhi Shuraih dismissed his original claim to the shield . Ali , the caliph of the time , emerged from the court cheerfully . On seeing this high degree of justice where the leader of the Muslim world could lose a case in the face of a just ruling , the Jew recited the Muslim testification of faith embraced Islam . He later presented the shield to Ali saying that he did indeed steal the shield and that it did belonged to him . Ali responded : `` I have made it a gift for you '' . Thereafter the Jew remained perpetually in the company of Ali and was martyred in the battle of Siffeen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c237b451824f69f9bdb0ec1d440c2d18", "text": "Migration to Abyssinia The Migration to Abyssinia ( الهجرة إلى الحبشة , al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša ) , also known as the First Hegira ( هِجْرَة hijrah ) , was an episode in the early history of Islam , where Prophet Muhammad 's first followers ( the Sahabah ) fled from the persecution of the ruling Quraysh tribe of Mecca . They sought refuge in the Christian Kingdom of Aksum , present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea ( formerly referred to as Abyssinia , a name derived from the Arabic Al-Habash ) , in or . The Aksumite monarch who received them is known in Islamic sources as the Negus ( نجاشي najāšī ) Ashama ibn Abjar . Modern historians have alternatively identified him with King Armah and Ella Tsaham . Some of the exiles returned to Mecca and made the hijra to Medina with Muhammad , while others remained in Abyssinia until they came to Medina in 628 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
95868c94ccd488d9eabc9b5ae44e1399	Cary Grant has only ever been featured in the film Bridge to Terabithia.	[ { "docid": "8733e4d9d701283b84c4256921afb614", "text": "None but the Lonely Heart (film) None but the Lonely Heart is a 1944 American drama romance film which tells the story of a young Cockney drifter who returns home with no ambitions but finds that his family needs him . Adapted by Clifford Odets from the novel by Richard Llewellyn and directed by Odets , the movie stars Cary Grant , Ethel Barrymore , and Barry Fitzgerald . The title of the film is taken from one of Tchaikovsky 's best-known songs , which is featured in the background music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b074f84b0dde5b5392bdbe7e253844c", "text": "Cary Grant Cary Grant ( born Archibald Alec Leach ; January 18 , 1904 -- November 29 , 1986 ) was a British-American actor , known as one of classic Hollywood 's definitive leading men . He began a career in Hollywood in the early 1930s , and became known for his transatlantic accent , debonair demeanor , and light-hearted approach to acting and sense of comic timing . He became an American citizen in 1942 . Born in Horfield , Bristol , Grant became attracted to theatre at a young age , and began performing with a troupe known as `` The Penders '' from the age of six . After attending Bishop Road Primary School and Fairfield Grammar School in Bristol , he toured the country as a stage performer , and decided to stay in New York City after a performance there . He established a name for himself in vaudeville in the 1920s and toured the United States before moving to Hollywood in the early 1930s . He initially appeared in crime films or dramas such as Blonde Venus ( 1932 ) and She Done Him Wrong ( 1933 ) , but later gained renown for his appearances in romantic comedy and screwball comedy films such as The Awful Truth ( 1937 ) , Bringing Up Baby ( 1938 ) , His Girl Friday ( 1940 ) and The Philadelphia Story ( 1940 ) . Along with the later Arsenic and Old Lace ( 1944 ) and I Was a Male War Bride ( 1949 ) ; these films are frequently cited as among the all-time great comedy films . Having established himself as a major Hollywood star , he was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Actor , for Penny Serenade ( 1941 ) and None but the Lonely Heart ( 1944 ) . In the 1940s and 1950s , Grant forged a working relationship with the director Alfred Hitchcock , appearing in films such as Suspicion ( 1941 ) , Notorious ( 1946 ) , To Catch a Thief ( 1955 ) and North by Northwest ( 1959 ) . Hitchcock admired Grant and considered him to have been the only actor that he had ever loved working with . Towards the end of his film career , Grant was praised by critics as a romantic leading man , and received five Golden Globe Award for Best Actor nominations , including Indiscreet ( 1958 ) with Ingrid Bergman , That Touch of Mink ( 1962 ) with Doris Day , and Charade ( 1963 ) with Audrey Hepburn . He is remembered by critics for his unusually broad appeal , as a handsome , suave actor who did not take himself too seriously , possessing the ability to play with his own dignity in comedies without sacrificing it entirely . His comic timing and delivery made Grant what Premiere magazine considers to have been `` quite simply , the funniest actor cinema has ever produced '' . Grant was married five times ; three of his marriages were elopements with actresses -- Virginia Cherrill ( 1934 -- 1935 ) , Betsy Drake ( 1949 -- 1962 ) and Dyan Cannon ( 1965 -- 1968 ) . He has one daughter with Cannon , Jennifer Grant ( born 1966 ) . After his retirement from film acting in 1966 , Grant pursued numerous business interests , representing cosmetics firm Fabergé , and sitting on the board of MGM and others . He was presented with an Honorary Oscar by his friend Frank Sinatra at the 42nd Academy Awards in 1970 , and in 1981 , he was accorded the Kennedy Center Honors . In 1999 , the American Film Institute named Grant the second greatest male star of Golden Age Hollywood cinema , after Humphrey Bogart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e4105a29ebbb472546380cb8fbf9d28", "text": "Charade (1963 film) Charade is a 1963 Technicolor American romantic comedy/mystery film directed by Stanley Donen , written by Peter Stone and Marc Behm , and starring Cary Grant and Audrey Hepburn . The cast also features Walter Matthau , James Coburn , George Kennedy , Dominique Minot , Ned Glass , and Jacques Marin . It spans three genres : suspense thriller , romance and comedy . Because Universal Pictures published the movie with an invalid copyright notice , the film entered the public domain in the United States immediately upon its release . The film is notable for its screenplay , especially the repartee between Grant and Hepburn , for having been filmed on location in Paris , for Henry Mancini 's score and theme song , and for the animated titles by Maurice Binder . Charade has received generally positive reviews from critics , and was additionally noted to contain influences of genres such as whodunit , screwball and spy thriller . It has also been referred to as `` the best Hitchcock movie that Hitchcock never made '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d9864471bd68836674ca8c473239f362", "text": "The Cross-Roads The Cross-Roads is a 1912 silent short film drama directed by Frederick A. Thomson and produced by the Vitagraph Company of America . It starred George Cooper and Zena Keefe . It is preserved in the Library of Congress collection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "462399f3c4cc379ef2af1b5d5365cf85", "text": "The Unsuspected The Unsuspected is a 1947 American black-and-white film noir directed by Michael Curtiz , and starring Claude Rains , Audrey Totter , Ted North , Constance Bennett , and Joan Caulfield . The film was based on the novel written by Charlotte Armstrong . The screenplay was co-written by Bess Meredyth , who was married to director Curtiz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "330b7bbb0b47e9af5b8ff88871294b93", "text": "The Express The Express ( also known as The Express : The Ernie Davis Story ) is a 2008 American sports film produced by John Davis and directed by Gary Fleder . The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Charles Leavitt from a book titled Ernie Davis : The Elmira Express , authored by Robert C. Gallagher . The film is based on the life of Syracuse University football player Ernie Davis , the first African American to win the Heisman Trophy , portrayed by actor Rob Brown . The Express explores civil topics , such as racism , discrimination and athletics . The motion picture was a co-production between the film studios of Relativity Media and Davis Entertainment . It was commercially distributed by Universal Pictures theatrically , and by Universal Studios Home Entertainment for home media . Following its cinematic release , it failed to garner any award nominations from mainstream motion picture organizations for its production merits or lead acting . In the film , veteran actors Dennis Quaid and Charles S. Dutton star in principal supporting roles . The original motion picture soundtrack with a musical score composed by Mark Isham , was released by the Lakeshore Records label on October 28 , 2008 . The Express premiered in theaters nationwide in the United States on October 10 , 2008 grossing $ 9,793,406 in domestic ticket receipts . It earned an additional $ 14,718 in business through international release to top out at a combined $ 9,808,124 in gross revenue . Since the film had a $ 40 million budget , it was a financial failure . However , preceding its initial screening in cinemas , the film was generally met with positive critical reviews . The Blu-ray version of the film , featuring deleted scenes and the director 's commentary was released on January 20 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1b977fafaeded7a84bbc866e7041d55", "text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions Part of the AFI 100 Years ... series , AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Passions is a list of the top 100 greatest love stories in American cinema . The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 11 , 2002 , in a CBS television special hosted by American film and TV actress Candice Bergen . Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn are tied for the most films in the list , with six each . They co-starred in two of them - Bringing Up Baby and The Philadelphia Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff5955b716c5c613c98172bf00da6d6f", "text": "Limelight (1952 film) Limelight is a 1952 comedy-drama film written , produced , and directed by Charlie Chaplin . Unlike his earlier films , the score was composed by Chaplin and arranged by Ray Rasch , marking this as the first film that he did not musically arrange . The film stars Chaplin as a washed-up comedian who saves a suicidal dancer from killing herself , played by Claire Bloom , and both try to get through life ; additional roles are provided by Nigel Bruce , Sydney Chaplin as Sydney Earl Chaplin , Wheeler Dryden , and Norman Lloyd with an appearance from Buster Keaton . In dance scenes , Bloom is doubled by Melissa Hayden . Upon the film 's release , critics ' reception was divided ; it was heavily boycotted in the United States , and commercially failed . However , the film was re-released the United States in 1972 which included its first screening in Los Angeles . This allowed the decades-old film to be in contention for the 45th Academy Awards where Chaplin won his only competitive Academy Award . Today , the film is sometimes regarded as one of Chaplin 's best and most personal works , and has since attained a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd61847263c5aac9415015ab7aea84a4", "text": "The Trip to Bountiful The Trip to Bountiful is a 1985 film starring Geraldine Page , John Heard , Carlin Glynn , Richard Bradford and Rebecca De Mornay . Geraldine Page won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Carrie Watts . The movie was adapted by Horton Foote from his play of the same name . The Bountiful of the title is a fictitious Texas town . Although set in Houston , Texas ( as was the original play ) , the movie was filmed by director Peter Masterson in Dallas . The film features an all-star cast including John Heard and Geraldine Page and a soundtrack by J.A.C. Redford featuring Will Thompson 's `` Softly and Tenderly '' sung by Grammy-award winner Cynthia Clawson . The film won the Academy Award for Best Actress ( Page ) and was nominated for Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0306097bab0a1cab89c88b870df05da", "text": "Torpedo Run Torpedo Run is a 1958 American war film directed by Joseph Pevney . It was filmed in Metrocolor CinemaScope , and it stars Glenn Ford as a World War II submarine commander in the Pacific who is obsessed with sinking a particular Japanese aircraft carrier . A. Arnold Gillespie and Harold Humbrock were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c266be2bf96867e8b4c876cb3dff68de", "text": "John W. Grant John W. Grant ( 26 July 1867 , West Point , Georgia -- 8 March 1938 ) was a member of the Georgia School of Technology board of trustees and a well-known Atlanta , Georgia , merchant around the 1880s . He was the grandson of John T. Grant and the son of William D. Grant , both of whom were successful railroad builders with their Fannin , Grant & Company . With help from his grandfather , he was made president of the Gate City Loan , Saving and Banking Company at the age of 21 . In 1902 , he was a director of the Atlanta-based Third National Bank . He married the daughter of Hugh T. Inman who gave him the Kimball House as a wedding gift . By this time Grant the younger was well-placed in Atlanta society , where he was heavily involved in the Capital City Club and Piedmont Driving Club . Grant was also the benefactor of Grant Field , the home of the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team , naming it in honor of his deceased son , Hugh Inman Grant ( 1895-1906 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9806a2ed09a25a54a85f552f457eacd7", "text": "Kansas Pacific (film) Kansas Pacific is a 1953 U.S. Cinecolor Western film released by Allied Artists Pictures and directed by Ray Nazarro . It stars Sterling Hayden and Eve Miller . The film offers a fictionalized account of the struggle to build the Kansas Pacific Railway in the 1860s just prior to the American Civil War . In the film the building of the railroad in Kansas is opposed by sympathizers of the Confederacy . General Winfield Scott sends a Corps of Engineers captain ( Hayden ) incognito to complete the railroad in order to supply western outposts when the anticipated war starts . Opposing the railway is Confederate William Quantrill ( Reed Hadley ) , whose mission is to stop or delay the railway from being completed . The rights to the film are currently in the public domain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "726a8da8d049004f91267ff8720ac666", "text": "The Virgin Queen (1955 film) The Virgin Queen is a 1955 DeLuxe Color historical drama film in CinemaScope starring Bette Davis , Richard Todd and Joan Collins . It focuses on the relationship between Elizabeth I of England and Sir Walter Raleigh . The film marks the second time Davis played the English monarch ; the first was The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex ( 1939 ) . It was also the first Hollywood film for Australian actor Rod Taylor . Charles LeMaire and Mary Wills were nominated for the Academy Award for Costume Design . LeMaire won , but for another film , Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing ( 1955 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1223cb27a32f7be88ccc6ecdfed41b80", "text": "The Tuxedo The Tuxedo is a 2002 American comedy -- action film directed by Kevin Donovan and starring Jackie Chan , Jennifer Love Hewitt and Jason Isaacs . It is a spy spoof that involves a special tuxedo that grants its wearer special abilities and a corporate terrorist threatening to poison the United States ' fresh water supply with bacteria that spills electrolytes into the blood and totally dehydrates the host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbeec37a299703156aae019b7160fb0a", "text": "London Bridge (film) London Bridge is a Malayalam film directed by Anil C. Menon starring Prithviraj Sukumaran , Mukesh , Andrea Jeremiah and Nanditha Raj in the lead roles . The film penned by Jinu Abraham was entirely shot in the United Kingdom . Rahul Raj composed three original songs and left the project owing to scheduling conflicts . Thus Carnatic vocalist Dr. Sreevalsan Menon was hired to compose two additional songs and Gopi Sundar was signed in to compose the background score . The film is produced by Antony Binoy and Sathish B under the banner Ordinary Pictures . The film was dubbed and released in Telugu as Love in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c49bdd3da3e5abcf967fa6a7bbee2085", "text": "To Each His Own (film) To Each His Own is a 1946 American romantic drama film . It was directed by Mitchell Leisen , and stars Olivia de Havilland , Mary Anderson , Roland Culver , and John Lund in his first on-screen appearance , where he played dual roles as father and son . The screenplay was written by Charles Brackett and Jacques Théry . A young woman bears a child out of wedlock and has to give him up . De Havilland won the Academy Award for Best Actress . Brackett and Théry were nominated for Best Writing , Original Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cc2b805dc92c70847ac7a4714221be7", "text": "Lulu on the Bridge Lulu on the Bridge is a 1998 American romantic-mystery drama film written and directed by author Paul Auster and starring Harvey Keitel , Mira Sorvino , and Willem Dafoe . The film is about a jazz saxophone player whose life is transformed after being shot . After discovering a mysterious stone , he meets and falls in love with a beautiful aspiring actress , but their happiness is cut short by a series of strange , dreamlike events . The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6647090bb338f3c70f952404d4d8151", "text": "Torpedo Boat (film) Torpedo Boat is a 1942 American drama film directed by John Rawlins and written by Maxwell Shane . The film stars Richard Arlen , Jean Parker , Mary Carlisle , Phillip Terry , Dick Purcell and Ralph Sanford . The film was released on January 24 , 1948 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a218c8f921cc5b3937e60c83c8fdefa", "text": "True to the Game (film) True to the Game is an upcoming American drama film , directed by Preston A. Whitmore , II from a screenplay by Nia Hill . It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Teri Woods . The film stars Columbus Short , Andra Fuller , Vivica A. Fox , Nelsan Ellis , and Jennifer Freeman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48aeafaac63f56b319b5927a5390fd9b", "text": "Grant Tilly Grant Leonard Ridgway Tilly , ( 12 December 1937 -- 11 April 2012 ) , was a New Zealand stage , movie and television actor , teacher and artist .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4f55e0ad7d6b1bd548197fa0966df73a	Telangana is a southern Indian state.	[ { "docid": "77df402edef0ce762f50f2f0f4693ca2", "text": "Telangana Telangana ( t ) is one of the 29 states in India , located in southern India . Formed in June 2014 as the youngest state in India , from the northwestern part of the Joint State of Andhra Pradesh , Telangana has an area of 112077 km2 , and a population of 35,193,978 ( 2011 census ) . It is the twelfth largest state in India , and the twelfth most populated state in India . Its major cities include Hyderabad , Warangal , Khammam , Karimnagar and Nizamabad . Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north west , Chhattisgarh to the north , Karnataka to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south . Telangana had a history as the Telugu-speaking region of the princely state of Hyderabad , ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad . It joined the Union of India in 1948 . In 1956 , the Hyderabad state was dissolved as part of the linguistic reorganisation of states and Telangana was merged with former Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh . Following a movement for separation , Telangana was awarded separate statehood on 2 June 2014 . Hyderabad will continue to serve as the joint capital city for Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for no more than ten years .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "71e93d3c7f086a5e231a9553a2bb34aa", "text": "Andhra Andhra may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96e362fcc5afbca8983659466fa8017d", "text": "Telangana Legislative Assembly The Telangana Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the Telangana Legislature . The Legislative Assembly of Telangana currently consists of 119 elected members and one nominated member from the Anglo-Indian community . The current Speaker of the Assembly is Madhusudhana Chary of TRS . The members of the Vidhana Sabha are directly elected by people through adult franchise . Each constituency elects one member of the assembly . Members are popularly known as M.L.A 's . The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or `` first past the post '' electoral system . The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India . The normal term of the members lasts for five years . In case of death , resignation or disqualification of a member , a by-election is conducted for constituency represented by the member . The party which wins the most seats becomes the ruling party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e38cfc937c67251c7d7e23553dcf4cb", "text": "Telangana Minority Residential Education The Telangana State Government in southern India established the Telangana Minorities Residential Educational Institutions Society ( TMREIS ) in the year 2015 to provide high-quality educational infrastructure for the poor children of minority community . Telangana State Chief Minister Mr. K. Chandrashekar Rao , Mr. Mohammad Mahmood Ali - Deputy Chief Minister , K. Srihari TS Minister of Education , Mr. A. K. Khan - Director General , Anti-Corruption Bureau ( ACB ) , Mr. Syed Omar Jaleel , IAS. , Secretary / Director Minorities Welfare Department and political parties keenly participated in the formation of the society and residential schools . The Sachar committee in its study found that the literacy in Indian Muslims are very much below the national average and there is a significant inverse association between the proportion of the Muslim population and the availability of educational infrastructure . Considering the backwardness of the community , the government have launched 71 high-quality infrastructure residential schools for the academic year 2016 - 2017 and plan to launch about 70 more additional schools next year . The spending is around Rs . 80,000 on a student per year . TMREIS/Telangana Minority Residential School list : Telangana Minorities Residential Education Institutions Society ( TMREIS ) locations of ( 71 ) residential schools . Category : Minorities-focussed government initiatives in India Category : Education in Telangana Sample source .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaeb217d6d9377ea9147db33fb20422e", "text": "Bejjur Bejjur is a village and a Mandal in Asifabad district in the state of Telangana in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "378973e42ca7a436e8fb514a4aba379b", "text": "Sadasivpet Sadasivpet is a town in sangareddy district of the Indian country of Telangana state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "037a57806044297c60065a4c919a1600", "text": "Tehsil A tehsil ( also known as a mandal , taluk , taluq or taluka ) is an administrative division of some countries of South Asia . It is an area of land with a city or town that serves as its administrative centre , with possible additional towns , and usually a number of villages . The terms in India have replaced earlier geographical terms , such as pargana , pergunnah and thannah , used under the Delhi Sultanate and the British Raj . As an entity of local government , the tehsil office ( Panchayat Samiti ) exercises certain fiscal and administrative power over the villages and municipalities within its jurisdiction . It is the ultimate executive agency for land records and related administrative matters . The chief official is called the tahsildar or , less officially , the talukdar or taluka muktiarkar or Tehsildar . Taluk or Tehsil can be said sub districts in Indian ( Bharat ) context . In some instances , Tehsils overlap with `` Blocks '' ( Panchayat union blocks or Panchayat development blocks ) , Tehsil comes under the Land and Revenue department headed by Tehsildar and Blocks come under the Rural development department headed by the Block Development Officer and serve the different government administrative function over the same or similar geographical area . Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue divisions , known as revenue blocks , the two are distinct . For example , Raipur district in Chhattisgarh state is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks . Nevertheless , the two are often conflated . Tehsil/tahsil and taluka and their variants are used as English words without further translation . Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the subcontinent , the word county has sometimes been provided as a gloss , on the basis that a tehsil , like a county , is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city , town , or village , but subordinate to a larger state or province . India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy ( or more than one , at least in parts of India ) : the district , also sometimes translated as county . In neither case is the analogy very exact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b50080b852b23ad6105b63dfb73e164a", "text": "Mutharam (A) Mutharam ( A ) is a village and a mandal in Karimnagar district in the state of Telangana in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36a9f65e799c2a81a95a53fab618e8c4", "text": "Suryapet revenue division Suryapet revenue division ( or Suryapet division ) is an administrative division in the Suryapet district of the Indian state of Telangana . It is one of the 2 revenue divisions in the district which consists of 14 mandals under its administration . Suryapet is the divisional headquarters of the division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "701d6b247f4069b50d8e0aa8097be982", "text": "Hyderabadi Muslims Hyderabadi Muslims are an ethnoreligious community of Urdu-speaking Muslims , part of a larger group of Dakhini Muslims , from the area that used to be the princely state of Hyderabad , India , including cities like Hyderabad , Aurangabad , Gulbarga and Bidar . While the term `` Hyderabadi '' now only refers to residents in and around the city of Hyderabad , the term Hyderabadi Muslims can refer to those native Muslim residents of the erstwhile princely state.The native language of the Hyderabadi Muslims is Hyderabadi Urdu , which is a form of the Dakhini language . With their origins in the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate and then the Deccan sultanates , Hyderabadi Muslim culture became defined in the latter half of the reign of the Asif Jahi Dynasty in Hyderabad . The culture exists today mainly in the old city of Hyderabad , Aurangabad , and among the Hyderabadi Muslim diaspora around the world , in particular , Pakistan , Saudi Arabia , the Arab states of the Persian Gulf , USA , Canada and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a50ffa2014b51cf4bd7c617b28af0a16", "text": "Munnuru Kapu Munnuru Kapu is a caste in Telangana , India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ebda7f66131d48671e0b8a764005273", "text": "August 2007 Hyderabad bombings The Hyderabad bombings refers to the incident in which two bombs exploded almost simultaneously on 25 August 2007 in Hyderabad , capital of the Indian state of Telangana . The first bomb exploded in Lumbini Amusement Park at 19:45 hrs IST . The second bomb exploded five minutes later at 19:50 in Gokul Chat Bhandar , a popular restaurant about 5 kilometres ( 3 mi ) away . At least 42 people were reported to have died in the two bombings . Two more bombs were defused in other parts of the city . According to initial reports , the banned Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami militant outfit of Bangladesh is suspected for the serial blasts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad94711cdc7aca073bb43e4274f4ced0", "text": "Warangal Division Warangal Division was administratively part of the Hyderabad State was made up of sixteen districts . Warangal was one of four divisions in the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b286b2b37396036295d1ab8ed82f9f01", "text": "Basar, Telangana Basar or Basara is a census town in Nirmal district in the state of Telangana , India . Basara is popular in India because of its Saraswathi temple , which is the only of its kind in all of India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c58e06a87bd71d82e2139d35da54e2b8", "text": "South Karnataka", "title": "" }, { "docid": "838db33f8b6ea6c53a1c9016f85bf13c", "text": "Telangana Housing Board Telangana Housing Board earlier known as City Improvement Board is public sector corporation under Government of Telangana located in Hyderabad , Telangana . Its activities are to facilitate affordable housing to the citizens of Telangana . The board , which was formerly known as City Improvement Board until 1960 , was conceived by Nizam Osman Ali Khan , Asaf Jah VII in 1911 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8f51059f703b2dcc1d717ed6b014323", "text": "Naspur Naspur is a census town and is a Village and mandalin Mancherial district ( Old Adilabad District ) of the Indian state of Telangana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9239d543c283d3003bf07a33ce4d4f41", "text": "Haripirala Haripirala is located in southern state of India , Andhra Pradesh in Telangana region in Warangal district . The village is located 65 km away from district main city Hanmakonda and 60 km away from Khammam . Haripirala is a mid-sized village ; the village is 8 km away from the highway connecting Andhra and Nagpur ( Maharashtra state ) with close proximity to two major Telangana cities , Warangal and Khammam . It is an education hub for surrounding several small villages with Zilla Parshath High school . Languages spoken : Telugu ( Telangana Yasa , a mixture of Urdu and Telugu ) , Lambade , Hindi . Category : Villages in Warangal district", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77feb3fad2575c60a41027f3c6715057", "text": "Dharpalle Dharpalle is a village and a mandal in Nizamabad district in the state of Telangana in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bac9bf693d96d6b044656dfb5938ac48", "text": "Neernemula Neernemula is a medium size village located in Ramannapeta Mandal , Nalgonda district , Telangana State , India . It is located at 17.3173369 ° North and 79.0934544 ° East . It has an average elevation of 322 meters above sea level . It is 36 km from the district headquarters in ( Nalgonda ) and 80 km from Hyderabad , the Telangana State capital . It is connected by tar road from Ramannapeta . The village is surrounded by Dubbaka to the east , Nidhanpally to the west , Bogaram to the southwest , Ramannapeta to the south , and Shobhanadripuram and Lakshmapuram to the north . The nearest town to Neernemula village is Ramannapeta , about 3 km to the south . According to Census-2011 information the location code or village code of Neernemula village is 576849 . The Neernemula village has population of 1810 , of which 910 are males while 900 are females as per the population census of 2011 . There are a total of 420 families residing in Neernemula village . The population of children age 0-6 is 170 which makes up 9.39 % of total population of village . The average sex ratio of Neernemula village is 989 . Child Sex Ratio for the Neernemula as per census is 828 . In 2011 , the literacy rate of Neernemula village was 67 % . In Neernemula , the male literacy stands at 77 % while the female literacy rate was 58 % . The village people speak Telugu and Urdu . Neernemula has a Lord Shiva and Lord Hanuman Temple is located at the center of the village.The idol of `` shivalingam '' was found in the digging of the village pond.This pond is mostly filled with water throughout the year and it is famous for fishes and this is one of the sources of Income to the village Panchayat . As per the constitution of India and the Panchyati Raaj Act , Neernemula village is administrated by a Sarpanch ( head of village ) , who is an elected representative of the village . Major cultivation is paddy . Most of the people depend on agriculture for their livelihood . For children to have education up to seventh class there is a School .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a411355222bf05010b3e56ef42afe83", "text": "Telangana Praja Front Telangana Praja Front ( TPF ) is a regional political party founded by balladeer Gaddar in the southern Indian state of United Andhra Pradesh . It is formed as a Telangana separatist party , and makes a demand for quick introduction of bill in the parliament for separate statehood for Telangana . After the Gaddar 's resignation , Akula Bhoomaiah took the position of President . In the wake of Telangana 's declaration , Akula Bhoomaih , unlike , the other political parties , he had outspokenly criticized the centre 's ambiguous decision on Hyderabad . The alleged political murder of Bhoomaih which is direct consequence of his staunch rejecting of Hyderabad as common capital of Andhara pradesh . He has been an occupying figure in the recent political Telangana scenario . He was an apostle of separate Telangana , launching Telangana Jana sabha in 1996 , which posits his deliberation for a separate Telangana which culminated into present Telangana movement .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e3d71d17c6b3e677c7722bcc6451a314	Lonesome Dove is the first installment in the Lonesome Dove series.	[ { "docid": "e533652d6976733edd4b9502619f7ae3", "text": "Lonesome Dove (miniseries) Lonesome Dove is an American epic Western adventure television miniseries directed by Simon Wincer . It is a four-part adaptation of the 1985 novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry and is the first installment in the Lonesome Dove series . The series stars Robert Duvall and Tommy Lee Jones . The series was originally broadcast by CBS from February 5 to 8 , 1989 , drawing a huge viewing audience , earning numerous awards , and reviving both the television western and the miniseries . An estimated 26 million homes tuned in to watch Lonesome Dove , unusually high numbers for a Western at that time . The western genre was considered dead by most people , as was the miniseries . By the show 's end , it had earned huge ratings and virtually revamped the entire 1989 -- 1990 television season . A favorite with audiences , as well as critics , Lonesome Dove garnered many honors and awards . At the 1989 Emmy Awards , the miniseries had 18 nominations and seven wins , including one for director Simon Wincer . Lonesome Dove also won two Golden Globes , for Best Miniseries and Best Actor in a Miniseries ( Robert Duvall ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "077dabf5c8495211930e8526ae4b324d", "text": "Columba (genus) The large bird genus Columba comprises a group of medium to large stout-bodied pigeons , often referred to as the typical pigeons . The terms `` dove '' and `` pigeon '' are used indiscriminately for smaller and larger Columbidae , respectively . Columba species -- at least those of Columba sensu stricto -- are generally termed `` pigeons '' , and in many cases wood-pigeons . The species commonly referred to just as `` the pigeon '' is the feral pigeon ( C. livia domestica ) . It is derived from the rock pigeon ( C. livia ) , which also has given rise to the majority of domesticated pigeon breeds , such as the racing pigeon . Meanwhile , `` wood pigeon '' by itself usually means the common wood pigeon ( C. palumbus ) . This genus as understood today is native to the Old World , but some -- notably the domestic and feral rock pigeon -- have been introduced outside their natural range , for example in the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4cb5cd441fdc24fd092e640f6a60e4", "text": "Lassie (season 1) The first season of the television series Lassie premiered in the United States on CBS on September 12 , 1954 and ran for 26 episodes until its conclusion on March 6 , 1955 . Produced by Robert Maxwell , the episodes follows the adventures of a female rough collie named Lassie and her young owner Jeffrey Miller . In 1958 , the first through third seasons began syndication under the title `` Jeff 's Collie . '' Though the first season of Lassie has never been released completely to home video , some episodes from the first season have been released to DVD . On November 25 , 2003 , Classic Media released a three episode set , `` Lassie : Best of Jeff 's Collie , '' which included the series first episode , `` Inheritance '' . A second set , `` Lassie : 50th Anniversary Collection '' , was released on September 14 , 2004 and contained 24 episodes from across the entire series . The set includes three episodes from the first season : `` Inheritance '' ( episode 1 ) , `` The Lion '' ( episode 8 ) , and `` Lassie 's Pups '' ( episode 10 ) . `` Secret of the Silent Hills ( Theme from the Lassie TV Series ) '' , composed by William Lava , is used as the opening and ending theme for the entire season . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9da0b7c5b887288fc1c19bb779976191", "text": "List of wildlife works of art by Frank Weston Benson Frank Weston Benson made paintings , drawings and etchings of Wildlife . He also made portraits , waterscapes , landscapes , interiors and other works of art . Benson , an avid birdwatcher and hunter from a young age , spent nearly every non-winter weekend hunting or fishing . He initially became interested in painting to capture the wildlife he enjoyed , particularly birds . Benson 's interest in painting initially grew out of his desire to be an ornithological illustrator . As a teenager , he spent the spring , summer and fall outdoors nearly every weekend bird watching , hunting or fishing . In 1892 Benson bought a hunting shack on Cape Cod with his brothers-in-law , Edward Peirson and Maurice Richardson . Swan Flight , exhibited at the St. Botolph Club in 1893 , was Benson 's first known exhibition of wildfowl . Entering the turn of the century wildfowl was not a marketable subject , but once he began creating and exhibiting his works the wildfowl paintings always sold . Benson , a sportsman at heart , had a solid body of work of wildlife scenes and birds , generally waterfowl . His works included oil paintings , watercolors , etchings and drypoint . Benson made Swan Flight , a group of wild swans in formation against a gray sky from the Cape Cod hunting cabin off of Nauset that he bought with his brothers-in-law . It was the first work he exhibited of wildfowl , a subject matter that Benson explored over the years of his artistic career . The painting was sold soon after it was completed , a dynamic that continued throughout his career . To a New York dealer , Benson once expressed : `` I made a -LSB- painting of a wildfowl -RSB- the other day at home and I looked forward to exhibiting it and , almost before it was dry , a visitor saw it and carried it off ! It 's my good fortune to be doing what people like , but it keeps me on the jump . '' 4 Early Morning '' is the culmination of Benson 's appreciation of birds and Japanese composition , which was popular both in Boston and Paris . The silhouetted images of the birds flying over water is similar to the Japanese screen by Maruyama Ōkyo `` Geese Flying over a Beach '' . One of Benson 's early interests was depiction of the bird life near Salem ; His first oil paintings are still lifes of birds . Benson may have seen that screen at Boston importer Bunkyo Matsuki 's shop or the Matsuki home in Salem before it was purchased by Charles Freer in 1898 . Having seen the work at a New York exhibition in 1900 , a New York Times critic noted that it was `` especially good ... with the ducks in flight and the gray expanse of marsh and sky rose-flushed in the east with the dawn . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ebc4b472b1fb6875dc8c71afaf7f730", "text": "Junior Woodchucks The Junior Woodchucks of the World are the Scouting organization to which the Disney characters Huey , Dewey , and Louie belong . The Junior Woodchucks were created by Carl Barks in 1951 , in the story `` Operation St. Bernhard '' ( Walt Disney 's Comics and Stories # 125 ) . Later stories introduced a similar organization for girls , the Littlest Chickadees , to which Daisy Duck 's nieces , April , May and June belong . The hallmark of the Junior Woodchucks is their spirited dedication to environmental protection and animal welfare , as well as the preservation of knowledge and the furtherance of science . They are also known for their exalted titles and ranks ( Huey , Dewey , and Louie being promoted to become Ten-Star Generals in the 1951 story of the same name ) and the awarding of buckets of badges , along with severe ideals as to decorum . In this way Barks poked gentle but pointed satire at aspects of the Boy Scouts of America . Junior Woodchucks always carry with them a copy of the Junior Woodchucks ' Guidebook , a fictional guidebook filled with detailed and pertinent information about whatever country or situation the Woodchucks find themselves . Its depth of coverage is remarkable , considering that it is a small paperback book . Don Rosa wrote and drew a story regarding the origin of the Junior Woodchucks ' Guidebook , `` Guardians of the Lost Library '' , which Comics Buyer 's Guide mentioned as possibly the greatest comic book story of all time . Rosa 's later story W.H.A.D.A.L.O.T.T.A.J.A.R.G.O.N. tells of how Huey , Dewey , and Louie came to join the Junior Woodchucks . In 1971 Carl Barks drew a model sheet of the nephews , with some of the drawings showing them in their Junior Woodchuck uniforms , for the Disney studio 's publications department . Most of the early Junior Woodchucks stories appeared in Walt Disney 's Comics and Stories . They also appeared in Donald Duck and in Uncle Scrooge . In 1966 , they got their own title , Huey , Dewey , and Louie and the Junior Woodchucks , published by Gold Key Comics for 62 issues , and then continued by Whitman Comics for another 20 issues until 1983 . The stories which Carl Barks wrote for this comic book , among the last comic book stories he scripted , were drawn by Kay Wright , John Carey and Tony Strobl . More recently Daan Jippes has been commissioned by Egmont to redraw these stories emulating Barks ' style and drawing inspiration from the sketches of Barks ' storyboard-like scripts . Disney Comics published a Junior Woodchucks four issue mini series in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fd12f62f267028d846d0657855516e3", "text": "Skylark (series) Skylark is a science fiction/space opera series by American writer E. E. Smith . In the first book , The Skylark of Space ( first published in Amazing Stories in 1928 ) , a scientist discovers a space-drive , builds a starship , and flies off with three companions to encounter alien civilizations and fight a larger-than-life villain . The Skylark of Space was the first of a series which continued through three subsequent books -- Skylark Three and Skylark of Valeron written during the 1930s , and Skylark DuQuesne , written in 1963 . R. D. Mullen declared that `` The great success of the stories was surely due first of all to the skill with which Smith mixed elements of the spy thriller and the western story ( our hero is the fastest gun in space , our villain the second fastest ) with those of the traditional cosmic voyage . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26b859d4706b58417dc115d2e4afc627", "text": "List of local children's television series (United States) The following is a list of local children 's television shows in the United States . These were locally produced commercial television programming intended for the child audience with unique hosts and themes . This type of programming began in the late 1940s and continued into the late 1970s ; some shows continued into the 1990s . Author Tim Hollis documented about 1,400 local children 's shows in a 2002 book , Hi There , Boys and Girls ! The television programs typically aired in the weekday mornings before school or afternoons after school as well as on weekends ( to a lesser degree ) . There were different formats . Almost all shows had a colorful host who assumed a persona such as a cowboy/cowgirl , captain/skipper/commodore / admiral , jungle explorer , astronaut , king , princess , clown , sheriff/deputy/trooper , cop , firefighter , hobo/tramp , railroad engineer , magician , `` cousin '' , `` grandfather '' or `` uncle '' , whose role was not only to be the `` DJ '' for syndicated material ( typically cartoons , although westerns were more popular earlier on ) but also to entertain , often with a live television studio audience of kids , during breaks . Early program fare included cartoon favorites such as Koko the Clown , Daffy Duck , Crusader Rabbit , Dick Tracy , Popeye , Bugs Bunny , Rocky and Bullwinkle , Casper the Friendly Ghost , Mighty Mouse , Porky Pig , Deputy Dawg , Tin Tin , Mel-O-Toons , Woody Woodpecker , The Funny Company , Mr. Magoo , Space Angel and Clutch Cargo as well as movie shorts such as Laurel and Hardy , Our Gang/The Little Rascals and The Three Stooges and animated versions of Laurel and Hardy , Abbott and Costello and The Three Stooges and live action shorts such as Diver Dan . Some included educational segments like the portraits of wildlife in Nature 's Window .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e57f44a571e42172e4cc4d65d1c08e", "text": "Strange fits of passion have I known `` Strange fits of passion have I known '' is a seven-stanza poem ballad by the English Romantic poet William Wordsworth . Composed during a sojourn in Germany in 1798 , the poem was first published in the second edition of Lyrical Ballads ( 1800 ) . The poem describes the poet 's trip to his beloved Lucy 's cottage , and his thoughts on the way . Each of its seven stanzas is four lines long and has a rhyming scheme of a-b-a-b . The poem is written in iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter . In the poem , the speaker narrates a nighttime ride to the cottage of his beloved Lucy , who always looks as `` fresh as a rose in June '' . The speaker begins by saying that he has experienced `` strange fits of passion '' and will recount them only to another lover ( `` in the Lover 's ear alone , / What once to me befell . '' ) . In the five following stanzas , he recounts how he wended his way on horseback `` beneath an evening-moon '' . He crossed a lea , passed through an orchard , and began to climb a hill , atop which was Lucy 's cottage . As he `` came near , and nearer still '' to `` Lucy 's cot '' , the sinking moon appeared to follow suit . As he closely approaches the cottage , the moon vanishes from sight behind the roof . A morbid thought rises unbidden to the speaker 's mind : `` O mercy ! '' he thinks . `` If Lucy should be dead ! '' `` Strange fits of passion have I known '' is simple in form but complex in content . The dramatic first stanza ( the speaker `` will dare to tell '' of his `` strange fits of passion , '' but `` in the Lover 's ear alone '' ) quickly captivates the reader . Wordsworth then creates tension by juxtaposing the sinking moon and the approaching rider , the familiar landscape with the speaker 's strange , dreamy feelings . It is uncertain whether the Lucy of the poem was based on a historical person or was a creation of Wordsworth 's fertile imagination . If she is real , her surname and identity are unknown , though they have been the subject of much `` diligent speculation '' in literary circles . `` The one certainty is that she is not the girl of Wordsworth 's Lucy Gray . '' An earlier version of this poem ended with an extra verse : I told her this : her laughter light Is ringing in my ears : And when I think upon that night My eyes are dim with tears .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4871db73207c4868397fc15773635b5", "text": "Dead Man's Walk (miniseries) Dead Man 's Walk is an American epic Western adventure television miniseries starring David Arquette as Augustus McCrae and Jonny Lee Miller as Woodrow F. Call . It was directed by Yves Simoneau . It is a two-part adaptation of the 1995 novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry and is chronologically the third book of the Lonesome Dove series , but regarded as the first events in the Lonesome Dove franchise . In this prequel to Lonesome Dove , it is 1840s Texas , and two young men join the Texas Rangers unit that 's on a mission to annex Santa Fe . The series was originally broadcast by ABC over two nights in May 1996 , and was later nominated for several awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a185fd8e9a157cb9ff130ad268ad77f9", "text": "Walker, Texas Ranger Walker , Texas Ranger is an American action television series created by Leslie Greif and Paul Haggis . It was inspired by the film Lone Wolf McQuade , with both this series and that film starring Chuck Norris as a member of the Texas Ranger Division . The show aired on CBS in the spring of 1993 , with the first season consisting of three pilot episodes . Eight full seasons followed with new episodes airing from September 25 , 1993 , to May 19 , 2001 , and reruns continuing on CBS until July 28 , 2001 . It has been broadcast in over 100 countries and has since spawned a 2005 made-for-television movie entitled Trial By Fire . The movie ended on a cliffhanger , which was never resolved . DVD sets of all seasons have been released ( with the three pilots packaged with the first regular season ) . At various times since 1997 , reruns of the show have aired , in syndication , on the USA Network and Action in Canada . Reruns can currently be seen on CBS Action , WGN America , INSP and Grit . The series was noted for its moralistic style . The characters refrained from the use of drugs , and they participated in community service . Martial arts were displayed prominently as the primary tool of law enforcement and occasionally as a tool for Walker and company to reach out to the community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d87afdbf68bd9d3235aa48e5e4b068d8", "text": "Sarah Bird Sarah Bird is an American novelist , screenwriter , and journalist . She was born in 1949 in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Her father was an officer in the US Air Force , and her family ( a `` Catholic family of eight '' ) , including her mother , Colista Bird , travelled with him around the US and the world during her childhood . Sarah 's mother recognized signs of her daughter 's creative storytelling talent as young as kindergarten . She attended the University of New Mexico , earning a BA there in 1973 . Moving to the University of Texas at Austin , she went on to receive an MA in journalism there in 1976 . She is married to George Jones , and has one son , Gabriel Bird-Jones , born in 1989 . The family lives in Austin , Texas . During the mid-eighties , Bird was a founding contributing-editor to Austin 's Third Coast Magazine , for which she wrote numerous feature and humor articles . Bird 's first published novel was Do Evil Cheerfully , a mystery ( as Sarah McCabe Bird ) . In 1986 , her comic novel Alamo House was published based on her experience as a graduate student at the University of Texas . Bird wrote the screenplay for the movie Do n't Tell Her It 's Me ( 1990 , starring Shelley Long and Steve Guttenberg ) , adapting the Boyfriend School novel . The Boyfriend School and The Mommy Club , published by Ballantine in 1989 and 1991 , respectively , were both humorous novels drawing on Bird 's life experiences . In addition to novels , Bird has written screenplays for television and magazine articles for national women 's magazines . She writes a column for Texas Monthly . Virgin of the Rodeo was published in 1999 . Bird was named Austin 's best author in 2001 by the Austin Chronicle , the year she also published The Yokota Officers Club , a novel that draws on her experiences as military brat . She has also written screenplays for the National Geographic Channel and Hallmark , as well as the CBS movie Yesterday 's Children . Another novel , The Flamenco Academy , came out in 2006 . A new novel , How Perfect Is That , was published by Knopf in June 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "892b4d0d79bfcb233997831cb71c5300", "text": "Diamond Dove (novel) Diamond Dove ( 2006 ) is a crime novel by Australian author Adrian Hyland . It is the first in the author 's series of novels featuring the recurring character Emily Tempest . It won the Best First Novel category of the 2007 Ned Kelly Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12c5d190a7710c9f823806c430918792", "text": "Columbina (genus) Columbina is a genus that contains seven species of small ground-doves that live in the New World . Species in Columbina have ranges from the southern United States through Central America and much of South America . Columbina doves are normally found in pairs or small flocks . They generally occur in open country . They have maroon irides and pinkish legs . In flight , some species show a distinctive flash of rufous in the wings , while others show black-and-white wing-patterns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fde057e62c813dafecee22dcc59d1b65", "text": "AOS Checklist of North American Birds The AOS Checklist of North American Birds is a checklist of the bird species found in North and Middle America which is now maintained by the American Ornithological Society ( AOS ) . The checklist was originally published by the AOS 's predecessor , the American Ornithologists ' Union ( AOU ) . The Union merged with the Cooper Ornithological Society in 2016 to form the American Ornithological Society . The checklist was first published in 1886 ; the seventh edition of the checklist was published in 1998 and is now updated every year by an open-access article published in the Ibis . Seven editions and 54 supplements ( minor updates ) have been published in the last 127 years . According to Joel Asaph Allen , the Codes of Nomenclature set out in the first edition of the Checklist `` later became the basis of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , framed on essentially the same lines and departing from it in no essential respect , except in point of brevity , through omission of adequate illustrations of the rules , and thereby rendering necessary the issuance of official ` Opinions ' to clear up obscure points . '' The current version of the checklist is available online from the website of the American Ornithological Society . The list is updated regularly by the AOS 's North American Classification Committee ( NACC ) , which considers proposals related to classification and nomenclature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4beb7ce388a4acb72c0436a5e1511247", "text": "Ode to a Nightingale `` Ode to a Nightingale '' is a poem by John Keats written either in the garden of the Spaniards Inn , Hampstead , London or , according to Keats ' friend Charles Armitage Brown , under a plum tree in the garden of Keats ' house at Wentworth Place , also in Hampstead . According to Brown , a nightingale had built its nest near the house Keats and Brown shared in the spring of 1819 . Inspired by the bird 's song , Keats composed the poem in one day . It soon became one of his 1819 odes and was first published in Annals of the Fine Arts the following July . The poem is one of the most frequently anthologized in the English language . `` Ode to a Nightingale '' is a personal poem that describes Keats 's journey into the state of negative capability . The tone of the poem rejects the optimistic pursuit of pleasure found within Keats 's earlier poems and , rather , explores the themes of nature , transience and mortality , the latter being particularly personal to Keats . The nightingale described within the poem experiences a type of death but does not actually die . Instead , the songbird is capable of living through its song , which is a fate that humans can not expect . The poem ends with an acceptance that pleasure can not last and that death is an inevitable part of life . In the poem , Keats imagines the loss of the physical world and sees himself dead -- as a `` sod '' over which the nightingale sings . The contrast between the immortal nightingale and mortal man sitting in his garden , is made all the more acute by an effort of the imagination . The presence of weather is noticeable in the poem , as spring came early in 1819 , bringing nightingales all over the heath .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1ec3a628f10edf66198a5de5100cb6a", "text": "Passenger pigeon The passenger pigeon or wild pigeon ( Ectopistes migratorius ) is an extinct species of pigeon that was endemic to North America . Its common name is derived from the French word passager , meaning `` passing by '' , due to the migratory habits of the species . The scientific name also refers to its migratory characteristics . The morphologically similar mourning dove ( Zenaida macroura ) was long thought to be its closest relative , and the two were at times confused , but genetic analysis has shown that the genus Patagioenas is more closely related to it than the Zenaida doves . The passenger pigeon was sexually dimorphic in size and coloration . The male was 39 to in length , mainly gray on the upperparts , lighter on the underparts , with iridescent bronze feathers on the neck , and black spots on the wings . The female was 38 to 40 cm , and was duller and browner than the male overall . The juvenile was similar to the female , but without iridescence . It mainly inhabited the deciduous forests of eastern North America and was also recorded elsewhere , but bred primarily around the Great Lakes . The pigeon migrated in enormous flocks , constantly searching for food , shelter , and breeding grounds , and was once the most abundant bird in North America , numbering around 3 to 5 billion at the height of its population . It was not always as abundant , and the population size fluctuated rapidly over time . A very fast flyer , it could reach 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) . The bird fed mainly on mast , and also fruits and invertebrates . It practiced communal roosting and communal breeding , and its extreme gregariousness may be linked with searching for food and predator satiation . Passenger pigeons were hunted by Native Americans , but hunting intensified after the arrival of Europeans , particularly in the 19th century . Pigeon meat was commercialized as cheap food , resulting in hunting on a massive scale for many decades . There were several other factors contributing to the decline and subsequent extinction of the species , including shrinking of the large breeding populations necessary for preservation of the species and widespread deforestation , which destroyed its habitat . A slow decline between about 1800 and 1870 was followed by a rapid decline between 1870 and 1890 . The last confirmed wild bird is thought to have been shot in 1901 . The last captive birds were divided in three groups around the turn of the 20th century , some of which were photographed alive . Martha , thought to be the last passenger pigeon , died on September 1 , 1914 , at the Cincinnati Zoo . The eradication of this species is a notable example of anthropogenic extinction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a04008321ca98f4865082271e0acb326", "text": "The First Nighter Program The First Nighter Program was a long-running radio anthology comedy-drama series broadcast from November 27 , 1930 , to September 27 , 1953 . The host was Mr. First Nighter ( Charles P. Hughes , Macdonald Carey , Bret Morrison , Marvin Miller , Don Briggs and Rye Billsbury -LSB- later known as Michael Rye -RSB- ) . An article in a 1939 newspaper observed , `` First Nighter was the first show to present complete and separate original plays each week . '' The show 's opening recreated the aural atmosphere of a Broadway opening . Before each week 's drama began , Mr. First Nighter was first heard walking on Broadway , emerging from the noise of people and street traffic into the crowded lobby of `` the Little Theater Off Times Square '' and then taking his seat in the third row center , where he gave the whispered introduction : The house lights have dimmed , and the curtain is about to go up on tonight 's production . Romantic comedies were the specialty of the series , and the principal roles were played by the teams of Don Ameche and June Meredith ( 1930 -- 36 ) , Ameche and Betty Lou Gerson ( 1935 -- 36 ) , Les Tremayne and Barbara Luddy ( 1936 -- 43 ) and Olan Soule and Luddy ( 1943 and after ) . Joseph T. Ainley produced and directed the series . The announcers were Larry Keating and Vincent Pelletier . Music was provided by `` The Famous First Nighter Orchestra '' , under the direction of Eric Sagerquist ( 1930 -- 44 ) , Caesar Petrillo ( 1945 -- 46 ) and Frank Worth ( 1947 -- 53 ) . The most popular episode may have been the annual Christmas episode , `` Little Town of Bethlehem , '' which was first performed in 1937 and every year afterwards at the request of the listening audience . Performing before a studio audience , the actors wore formal attire , with Luddy in a gown and Tremayne clad in evening clothes and top hat . Commercial breaks were signalled with the usher 's cry `` Smoking downstairs and in the outer lobby only , please ! '' , with the action resuming with a buzzer and the usher 's curtain call . The series ran on four radio networks in the following timeline : NBC Blue Network : 11/27/30 to 09/29/33 NBC Red Network : 10/06/33 to 02/12/37 CBS : 02/19/37 to 12/21/37 NBC Red Network : 01/07/38 to 08/26/38 CBS : 09/02/38 to 05/29/42 Mutual : 10/04/42 to 10/25/44 CBS : 10/20/45 to 04/13/46 and 10/04/47 to 10/20/49 NBC ( reruns ) : 04/27/52 to 09/27/53 The show was hosted by The Campana Company and solely featured commercials for their products . Due largely in part to this exposure , their Italian Balm became the best-selling hand lotion in the United States in the 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3556e0477644f4cdb2fb4eb7708cf504", "text": "Hank the Cowdog Hank the Cowdog is a long running , ongoing series of children 's books written by John R. Erickson and illustrated by Gerald L. Holmes . The books follow Hank , a dog that views himself as the `` Head of Ranch Security '' . In each book Hank and other characters must deal with several events , issues and mysteries that occur at their Texas Panhandle home , the M-Cross Ranch , which is located in Ochiltree County . The series began in 1982 , with a couple of short stories about Hank and his friends ; since then , 66 printed books and seven audio-only books have been published . Hank the Cowdog was previously published via Maverick Books , with Puffin Books holding the current American publishing rights in English . Each book features songs that Erickson performs on the audiobook editions . The series has received awards and critical acclaim , and the books have sold more than 8 million copies worldwide . It has been published in several languages including Spanish . In the 1980s , the first book was adapted into an animated segment for CBS Storybreak . The books will be adapted into an animated TV series . There is also a ` Hank movie ' in production . Teaching programs are available for the series via Maverick Books and a story entitled The Case of the Dancing Cowboy was serialized in 2002 , in several American newspapers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64a1f6622bc43d0d14566fab8d3e923", "text": "Dollhouse (season 1) The first season of the television series Dollhouse , premiered on February 13 , 2009 , on Fox and concluded its 12-episode season on May 8 , 2009 . The season aired on Fridays at 9:00 pm ET . Together with Fringe , Dollhouse was a part of Fox 's `` Remote-Free TV '' initiative to keep people from switching channels during commercial breaks . Therefore , every episode of this season was 47 -- 50 minutes long compared to a usual 40 -- 43 minute length for regular network television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c8f4590b18eae27ed37bd9e41fccf51", "text": "Fly Like an Eagle (album) Fly Like an Eagle is the ninth studio album by American rock group Steve Miller Band . The album was released in May 1976 ( see 1976 in music ) by Capitol Records in North America and Mercury Records in Europe . A Quadraphonic mix of the album was available on the Quadraphonic 8-Track cartridge format ( in which Track 1 - `` Space Intro '' is edited into `` Fly Like an Eagle '' as one track , and Track 6 - `` Take the Money and Run '' intro repeats twice ) . On the U.K. original vinyl release `` Space Intro '' does not appear on track listing . A 40-second track called `` Space Odyssey '' segues into `` Wild Mountain Honey '' . The album was a success , spawning three singles : the title track , `` Take the Money and Run '' and `` Rock 'n Me '' , and eventually receiving quadruple platinum certification from the RIAA . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 450 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . On an updated list in 2012 , the magazine listed the album at number 445 . In 2006 the album was re-released to celebrate its 30th Anniversary . The CD is digitally remastered and includes three bonus tracks and a bonus DVD features a concert performance at Mountain View , California 's Shoreline Amphitheater in 2005 with over two hours of music in 5.1 Surround Sound ( Note this surround mix is not based on the QUAD mix as track 1 and 6 are not different from the standard releases ) . Guest musicians include George Thorogood and Joe Satriani . The DVD also features a lengthy interview with Steve Miller , archive footage , never-before-seen photographs , and early demo recordings .", "title": "" } ]	fever
38a604e94f523f0b85ad32442d63866e	The Crazies (2010 film) was reviewed by people.	[ { "docid": "9cd9e140c9a744fd1e39670bfa99a6b6", "text": "The Crazies (2010 film) The Crazies is a 2010 American science fiction horror film directed by Breck Eisner , with a screenplay by Scott Kosar and Ray Wright . The film is a remake of the 1973 film of the same name by George A. Romero , who is an executive producer of the remake . The Crazies stars Timothy Olyphant and Radha Mitchell . The film takes place in the fictional town of Ogden Marsh , Pierce County , Iowa , `` friendliest place on Earth , '' whose town water supply is accidentally infected with the `` Trixie '' virus . After an incubation period of 48 hours , this virus gradually transforms the mental state of the infected into that of cold , calculating , depraved , bloodthirsty killers , who then prey on family and neighbors alike . The film was released on February 26 , 2010 to positive reviews from critics , and was a modest box office success .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d0cc63d0a56f52e08395794f8acc4eb7", "text": "Critical Review (journal) Critical Review : A Journal of Politics and Society is a quarterly academic journal covering political science that is published by Routledge for the Critical Review Foundation . It publishes papers on political theory , public opinion , political psychology , and political economy . It was established in 1986 by editor-in-chief , Jeffrey Friedman , who works with authors in `` an aggressive , often substantive editing process '' but also gives authors the option of double-blind peer review . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 0.320 , ranking it 130th out of 161 journals in the category `` Political Science '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b14d0829e6e7f8640dab39155852bf7", "text": "2011 Adelaide Film Festival The 5th Adelaide Film Festival took place in Adelaide , Australia , from 24 February to 6 March 2011 . Katrina Sedgwick was again Festival Director . Julietta Sichel was the head of the jury for the main competition . Judy Davis received the 2011 Don Dunstan Award for her contribution to the Australian film industry on the opening night of the Festival . The glass statuette was presented by Australian filmmaker Fred Schepisi . A special screening of the 2010 Restoration Version of Fritz Lang 's classic sci-fi epic Metropolis was shown with a new score , written by The New Pollutants . This original score was conceived , composed and recorded over a 12-month period , and had its world premiere at the 2005 Adelaide Film Festival . The festival opened with Mrs Carey 's Concert , directed by Bob Connolly and Sophie Raymond , and closed with Mad Bastards , directed by Brendan Fletcher . The film poster for the festival featured a man projecting a film from within himself , illustrating the theme `` See Within . '' The Canadian film Incendies won the International Award for Best Feature Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07d5e39a904aeb032ca92cc481a093e6", "text": "Freaky Trigger Freaky Trigger is an Internet publication and e-zine that focuses on popular culture with topics varying from music to cinema . It was founded by the music critic Tom Ewing in 1999 and features Pete Baran and Mark Sinker as editors . From 2000 to 2005 , it also used to host a music-specific blog , titled NYLPM . Ewing also started the popular music forum I Love Music ( ILM ) in August 2000 as a sister website to Freaky Trigger . `` ILXor.com FAQ '' , Retrieved 2016-02-09 A notable feature on the website is Popular , a longtime ongoing series where Ewing reviews each UK Singles Chart number one single ever in chronological order . Freaky Trigger was featured in OC Weeklys list of `` 10 Crucial Music Websites '' and one of its reviews , Eminem 's `` Stan '' by Tom Ewing , was referenced on the list of `` The Best Music Writing of 2015 '' by the Complex . The Guardian have also referred to Freaky Trigger articles , one time on the Freaky Trigger piece `` The Strange Death of the UK Charts '' , and one time on an Ewing piece on Cliff Richard . Stylus Magazine have also referred to Freaky Trigger in an article . The NYLPM blog was notably eulogized by Pitchfork in early 2006 , following the suspension of its publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c7609f939afa1e742761f2448e22d1", "text": "Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering . Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience . The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating . In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4bbc25e36909ab7aeb9d4b7fd4a2dbc", "text": "Magic Man (film) Magic Man is a 2010 thriller film directed by Stuart Cooper and starring Billy Zane and Alexander Nevsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8144600798a5f4b37fba6ba72f471c4", "text": "28 Weeks Later 28 Weeks Later is a 2007 British science fiction horror film , structured as a sequel to the critically and commercially successful 2002 film 28 Days Later . 28 Weeks Later was co-written and directed by Juan Carlos Fresnadillo , with Danny Boyle and Alex Garland , director and writer of 28 Days Later respectively , now acting as executive producers . It was released in the United Kingdom and United States on 11 May 2007 . The plot depicts the efforts of NATO military forces to salvage a safe zone in London following the events in 28 Days Later , the consequence of two young siblings breaking protocol to find their infected mother , and the resulting reintroduction of the highly contagious virus to the safe zone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281ad9273c5fdedf6b01919646686394", "text": "Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee . Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 . When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5846315912c65df06790496a1076012", "text": "2010 Sundance Film Festival The 26th annual Sundance Film Festival was held from January 21 , 2010 until January 31 , 2010 in Park City , Utah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69a64d47fca93042b06930419dcead2", "text": "Stuff White People Like Stuff White People Like ( sometimes known by the initialism SWPL ) is a blog that takes a satirical aim at the interests of North American `` left-leaning , city-dwelling , white people '' . The blog was created in January 2008 by a white Canadian , Christian Lander , a Los Angeles copywriter who grew up in Toronto and graduated from McGill University in Montreal . Lander co-authored the site with his Filipino Canadian friend Myles Valentin , after Valentin teased Lander for watching the HBO television series The Wire . Lander 's blog became popular very quickly , registering over 300,000 daily hits and over 40 million total hits by the end of September 2008 . Although the blog `` has spurred an outpouring from those who view it as offensive and racist '' , it is not about the interests of all white people , but rather a stereotype of affluent , environmentally and socially conscious , anti-corporate white North Americans , who typically hold a degree in the liberal arts . Lander claims to be lampooning contemporary versions of bohemian/hipster culture , and jokingly refers to other classes and subcultures of white people as `` the wrong kind of white people '' . Despite the site 's satirical edge , Lander regards the people he describes with affection and numbers himself among them , describing himself as `` a self-aware , left-wing person who 's not afraid to recognize the selfishness and contradictions that come on the left . '' The initialism `` SWPL '' has been adopted in some circles as a ( usually pejorative ) shorthand term for the type of people depicted on the blog . A book ( Stuff White People Like : A Definitive Guide to the Unique Taste of Millions ) was released on July 1 , 2008 . Lander is listed as the sole author of the book , although some of its content comes from the blog posts written by Valentin . The book remained on The New York Times bestseller list for months . Lander was reportedly given a $ 300,000 advance by Random House , the book 's publisher . He released a sequel ( Whiter Shades of Pale : The Stuff White People Like , Coast to Coast from Seattle 's Sweaters to Maine 's Microbrews ) on November 23 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30d98d4d6a4441b9ffd8a1b1e8d672c8", "text": "Khouya Khouya is a 2010 film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1cdcc52172d3996a73418afae1e764e", "text": "List of Nostalgia Critic episodes Nostalgia Critic is a web review series hosted by actor/comedian Doug Walker . The series began in July 2007 on YouTube , but after the website removed several episodes due to alleged copyright violations , the series was moved in April 2008 to Walker 's own humor website , That Guy with the Glasses , where it was hosted until late 2014 , when it was moved to ChannelAwesome.com . Most episodes center on comedic bashings of movies and serials that Walker finds to be poorly written , badly acted , and typically panned by critics -- particularly Siskel and Ebert , whom Doug openly acknowledges as his favorite critics . Not all of his reviews are negative , as he sometimes finds positive aspects and even praises some films and TV shows ( sometimes their hamminess/bad production ) . The series also features several `` Top 11 Countdown '' segments , which Doug does as opposed to the traditional `` Top 10 '' because he , in his own words , `` Like ( s ) to go one step beyond '' , as well as a series of `` Old vs. New '' segments , where The Critic compares iconic films like Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory , True Grit , Batman , The Karate Kid , King Kong , Spider-Man , Cinderella and The Evil Dead with their respective modern-day reboots/remakes and levies to discover which is the better film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7df71f12d16337469e3e2b4696a6af51", "text": "List of Everything Wrong With... episodes This is a ` list of Everything Wrong With ... episodes ' , which have been published twice a week on the YouTube channel CinemaSins . The series , created in December 2012 , consists of humorous critique and commentary on film , mostly based on opinions or errors within a given film . It has been viewed more than 60 million times . The series started when the creators learned that The Amazing Spider-Man '' would be released in home media and decided to make a humorous analysis for it , continuing the series as a result of the positive reception the videos received .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70dec585081c17d6470f25b45bae5bdf", "text": "The Nasty Bits The Nasty Bits : Collected Varietal Cuts , Usable Trim , Scraps , and Bones , is a largely nonfiction New York Times bestselling book by Anthony Bourdain , published in 2006 . The book is a collection of 37 exotic , provocative , and humorous anecdotes and essays , many of them centered around food , followed by a 30-page fiction piece ( `` A Chef 's Christmas '' ) . The book concludes with an appendix of commentaries on the various pieces , including when and why they were written . The essays range from descriptions of restaurant-kitchen life ; to various rants about places , people , and things Bourdain objects to ; to lively accounts of far-flung world travels and remote ethnic life and food ; to accolades of the unsung Latinos who cook most fine-dining restaurant food in America ; to glowing reports of cutting-edge chefs like Ferran Adrià ; to details of Bourdain 's obsessions and pursuits when he is not working ; to opinions and anecdotes on various other subjects . Bourdain organized the various essays and anecdotes into sections named for each of the five traditional flavors : Salty Sweet Sour Bitter Umami The book is , according to Bourdain , basically a collection of the best of his magazine and newspaper writings during the previous few years . As he says in the preface : I 've done a lot of writing for magazines and newspapers in the last few years , and it 's the better morsels ( I hope ) from that work that follow . ... I 've been writing this stuff for much the same reason behind my frenetic traveling : Because I can . Because there 's so little time . Because there 's been so much to see and remember . ... It 's an irritating reality that many places and events defy description . Angkor Wat and Machu Picchu , for instance , seem to demand silence , like a love affair you can never talk about . For a while after , you fumble for words , trying vainly to assemble a private narrative , an explanation , a comfortable way to frame where you 've been and what 's happened . In the end , you 're just happy you were there -- with your eyes open -- and lived to see it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825297ca76bdb0b6f8a628e491b4451d", "text": "Gotham Independent Film Awards 2010 The 20th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards were held on November 29 , 2010 . The nominees were announced on October 18 , 2010 . The ceremony was hosted by Patricia Clarkson and Stanley Tucci .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73f35a1bb7cfa8a1d18f4dbbe6733bef", "text": "Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f", "text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e0eb387ef01b98b6c7d96959ff34764", "text": "Jason Zinoman Jason Zinoman ( born 1975 or 1976 ) is an American critic and author . He has written for The New York Times , Time Out New York , Vanity Fair , and Slate . In 2011 , he published Shock Value , a non-fiction book about horror films .", "title": "" } ]	fever
241b05e849535eaadaf475ab8c8ba039	Joan of Arc was declared a national symbol in the United States.	[ { "docid": "9b2fbaa1f0a7ffb2d96f4e0b1bd1ef37", "text": "Joan of Arc Joan of Arc ( Jeanne d'Arc , -LSB- ʒan daʁk -RSB- ; 6 January c. 1412 -- 30 May 1431 ) , nicknamed `` The Maid of Orléans '' ( La Pucelle d'Orléans ) , is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years ' War and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint . Joan of Arc was born to Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle Romée , a peasant family , at Domrémy in north-east France . Joan said she received visions of the Archangel Michael , Saint Margaret , and Saint Catherine of Alexandria instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination late in the Hundred Years ' War . The uncrowned King Charles VII sent Joan to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission . She gained prominence after the siege was lifted only nine days later . Several additional swift victories led to Charles VII 's coronation at Reims . This long-awaited event boosted French morale and paved the way for the final French victory . On 23 May 1430 , she was captured at Compiègne by the Burgundian faction , which was allied with the English . She was later handed over to the English and put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon on a variety of charges . After Cauchon declared her guilty she was burned at the stake on 30 May 1431 , dying at about nineteen years of age . In 1456 , an inquisitorial court authorized by Pope Callixtus III examined the trial , debunked the charges against her , pronounced her innocent , and declared her a martyr . In the 16th century she became a symbol of the Catholic League , and in 1803 she was declared a national symbol of France by the decision of Napoleon Bonaparte . She was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920 . Joan of Arc is one of the nine secondary patron saints of France , along with Saint Denis , Saint Martin of Tours , Saint Louis , Saint Michael , Saint Rémi , Saint Petronilla , Saint Radegund and Saint Thérèse of Lisieux . Joan of Arc has remained a popular figure in literature , painting , sculpture , and other cultural works since the time of her death , and many famous writers , filmmakers and composers have created works about her . Cultural depictions of her have continued in films , theater , television , video games , music , and performances to this day .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e1e1246626869d43d25992b6adbacfb7", "text": "Freedom suit Freedom suits were lawsuits in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States filed by enslaved people against slaveholders to assert claims to freedom , often based on descent from a free maternal ancestor , or time held as a resident in a free state or territory . The right to petition for freedom descended from English common law and allowed people to challenge their enslavement or indenture . Petitioners challenged slavery both directly and indirectly , even if slaveholders generally viewed such petitions as a means to uphold rather than undermine slavery . Beginning with the colonies in North America , legislatures enacted slave laws that created a legal basis for `` just subjection ; '' these were adopted or updated by the state and territorial legislatures that superseded them after the United States gained independence . These codes also enabled enslaved persons to sue for freedom based on wrongful enslavement . While some cases were tried during the colonial period , the majority of petitions for freedom were heard during the antebellum period in the border or the Southern United States . After the American Revolution , most northern states abolished slavery and were considered `` free . '' The United States Congress prohibited slavery in some newly established territories , and some new states were admitted to the union as free states . The rise in travel and migration of masters with slaves between free and slave states resulted in conditions that gave rise to slaves suing for freedom . Many free states had residency limits for masters who brought slaves into their territory ; after that time , the slave would be considered free . Some slaves sued for wrongful enslavement after being held in a free state . Other grounds for suit were that the person was freeborn and illegally held in slavery , or that the person was illegally held because of being descended from a freeborn woman in the maternal line . The principle of partus sequitur ventrem , first incorporated into English colonial slavery law by a 1662 statute in Virginia , established that children 's status was that of the mother . It was adopted into law by other English colonies , and the states of the United States . In Saint Louis , Missouri records of nearly 300 petition cases have been found that were filed between 1807 and 1860 , and in Washington , D.C. nearly 500 petition cases were filed in the same period . A large portion of cases , as much as one-third , either never went to trial or were settled out of court . In the early nineteenth century in St. Louis and in Washington , D.C. , nearly half of the attorneys at the bar may have acted as counsel for slave petitions . In Missouri , the courts assigned an attorney to the petitioner if it accepted a freedom suit for hearing ; some of the top attorneys in St. Louis defended slaves . After the 1830s , the number of petition cases gradually declined . But from 1800 to 1830 , most of the bar in these cities tried a petition case . Before the end of the eighteenth century , some southern states began to make petitioning for freedom more difficult . Maryland , for example , in 1796 required that county courts serve as the court of original jurisdiction , rather than the General Court of the Western Shore , an appellate court . The county courts clearly would be more favorable to the interests and views of the local planters against whom these suits were often filed . The legislature also banned those with antislavery sympathies from serving on juries in freedom suits . Virginia passed a similar law on jury composition in 1798 . But , for a few decades , courts in slave states such as Louisiana , Mississippi , and Missouri often respected the precedent of `` once free , always free '' established by free states . Until the late 1850s , they ruled that slaves who had been held in free states maintained their freedom even if brought back into slave states . Until the Civil War brought an end to slavery , thousands of freedom suits were tried in state courts across the country , with some slaves petitioning as high as the Supreme Court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f197fce1ee649d9ca52c3981eb46613", "text": "Expeditions and the protection of Yellowstone (1869–1890) This list summarizes the major expeditions to the Yellowstone region that led to the creation of the park and contributed to the protection of the park and its resources between 1869 and 1890 . When President Ulysses S. Grant created Yellowstone National Park with the signing of the Act of Dedication , March 1 , 1872 , it was the result of three major expeditions into the region , expeditions that brought the wonders of Yellowstone into public view . Prior to 1869 , the Yellowstone region -- its rivers , waterfalls , lakes , mountains , valleys and geothermal features were essentially part of an unknown and unexplored territory . Even after the creation of the park , the region remained largely unexplored and its resources unprotected for over a decade until the U.S. Army assumed management of the park in 1886 . Even after the U.S. Army took control , legal protection of the park 's resources was limited . From 1869 until 1890 , a number of notable expeditions contributed not only to the creation of the park , but to a broader public , social and scientific understanding of the park , its resources and wonders . This understanding ultimately led Congress and the Federal Government to adopt much stronger laws to protect the park and its resources culminating in the Lacey Act of 1894 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5a64832fbcf0c76254e7bfd401e9372", "text": "Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War This timeline of events leading up to the American Civil War describes and links to narrative articles and references about many of the events and issues which historians recognize as origins and causes of the Civil War . The pre-Civil War events can be roughly divided into a period encompassing the long term build-up over many decades and a period encompassing the five-month build to war immediately after the election of Abraham Lincoln as President in the Election of 1860 which culminated in the Fall of Fort Sumter ( April 1861 ) . Since the early colonial period in Virginia , slavery had been a part of the socioeconomic system of British North America and was recognized in the Thirteen Colonies at the time of the United States ' Declaration of Independence ( 1776 ) . Since then , events and statements by politicians and others brought forth differences , tensions and divisions between the people of the slave states of the Southern United States and the people of the free states of the Northern United States ( including Western states ) over the topics of slavery . The large underlying issue from which other issues developed was whether slavery should be retained and even expanded to other areas or whether it should be contained and eventually abolished . Over many decades , these issues and divisions became increasingly irreconcilable and contentious . Events in the 1850s culminated with the election of the anti-slavery-expansion Republican Abraham Lincoln as President on November 6 , 1860 . This provoked the first round of state secessions as leaders of the Deep South cotton states were unwilling to remain in a second class political status with their way of life threatened by the President himself . Initially , the seven Deep South states seceded , with economies based on cotton ( then in heavy European demand with rising prices ) . They were Alabama , Florida , Georgia , Louisiana , Mississippi , South Carolina and Texas . After the Confederates attacked and captured Fort Sumter , President Lincoln called for volunteers to march south and suppress the rebellion . This pushed the four other Upper South States ( Virginia , North Carolina , Tennessee , and Arkansas ) also to secede . These states completed the formation of the Confederate States of America . Their addition to the Confederacy insured a war would be prolonged and bloody because they contributed territory and soldiers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "795e189650a715d586d75c7b97ccd642", "text": "List of Medal of Honor recipients The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War and is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces . The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States . Due to the nature of this medal , it is commonly presented posthumously . The President of the United States , in the name of the United States Congress , has awarded more than 3500 Medals of Honor including 19 second awards to the nation 's soldiers , sailors , airmen , Marines , and coast guardsmen since the decoration 's creation in 1861 . The citations highlighting acts of gallantry that received the Medal of Honor have been and continue to be regularly released by book publishers . After the Second World War both the Army and Navy produced hardbound Medal of Honor compilations . Between 1964 and 1979 , the United States Senate Subcommittee on Veterans ' Affairs of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare and later the Committee on Veterans ' Affairs produced a number of consolidated compilations of all Medal of Honor citations to date . Additions and changes to the list of recipients of the medal since the 1979 have been regularly published by the Congressional research Service . The first Army Medal of Honor was awarded to Private Jacob Parrott during the American Civil War for his role in the Great Locomotive Chase . The first African American recipient for this award was William Harvey Carney who , despite being shot in the face , shoulders , arms , and legs , refused to let the American flag touch the ground . The only female Medal of Honor recipient is Mary Edwards Walker , a Civil War surgeon . Her medal was rescinded in 1917 along with many other non-combat awards , but it was restored by President Jimmy Carter in 1977 . While current law , , beginning in 1918 , explicitly state that recipients must be serving in the U.S. Armed Forces at the time of performing a valorous act that warrants the award , exceptions have been made . For example , Charles Lindbergh , while a reserve member of the U.S. Army Air Corps , received his Medal of Honor as a civilian pilot . In addition , the Medal of Honor was presented to the British Unknown Warrior by General Pershing on October 17 , 1921 ; later the U.S. Unknown Soldier was reciprocally awarded the Victoria Cross , Britain 's highest award for gallantry , on November 11 , 1921 . Although being a U.S. citizen is not a prerequisite for eligibility to receive the medal , apart from a few exceptions , Medals of Honor can only be awarded to members of the U.S. armed forces . Sixty-one Canadians who were serving in the United States armed forces have received the Medal of Honor ; most received it for actions in the American Civil War . Since 1900 , only four have been awarded to Canadians . In the Vietnam War , Peter C. Lemon was the only Canadian recipient of the Medal of Honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c101c419b742666d0f8fe7229c0a23b6", "text": "American poetry american ' poetry '' ' , the poetry of the United States , arose first as efforts by colonists to add their voices to English poetry in the 17th century , well before the constitutional unification of the thirteen colonies ( although before this unification , a strong oral tradition often likened to poetry existed among Native American societies ) . Unsurprisingly , most of the early colonists ' work relied on contemporary British models of poetic form , diction , and theme . However , in the 19th century , a distinctive American idiom began to emerge . By the later part of that century , when Walt Whitman was winning an enthusiastic audience abroad , poets from the United States had begun to take their place at the forefront of the English-language avant-garde '' . The history of American poetry is not easy to know . Much of the American poetry published between 1910 and 1945 remains lost in the pages of small circulation political periodicals , particularly the ones on the far left , destroyed by librarians during the 1950s McCarthy era . The received narrative of Modernism proposes that Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot were perhaps the most influential modernist English-language poets in the period during World War I . But this narrative leaves out African American and women poets who were published and read widely in the first half of the twentieth century . By the 1960s , the young poets of the British Poetry Revival looked to their American contemporaries and predecessors as models for the kind of poetry they wanted to write . Toward the end of the millennium , consideration of American poetry had diversified , as scholars placed an increased emphasis on poetry by women , African Americans , Hispanics , Chicanos and other cultural groupings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "476d47b80adcd200fc0adf84c36196b3", "text": "The Triumph of St. Joan The Triumph of St. Joan was originally an opera in three acts by Norman Dello Joio to an English language libretto on the subject of the martyrdom of Joan of Arc by Dello Joio and Joseph Machilis . It was premiered at Sarah Lawrence College on May 9 , 1950 . Although the opera was received positively , the composer was unhappy with the work and declined to have it performed again . However , he did adapt part of the opera into a symphony of the same title in 1951 . The symphony was later renamed Seraphic Ode . Dello Joio returned to the subject of Joan of Arc in 1955 when he was commissioned by the NBC Television Opera Theatre to produce an original 75-minute opera for television . The resulting work in two acts was retitled The Trial at Rouen , and , in using new music and a new libretto by Dello Joio , was in effect a completely different musical drama from its predecessor . It premiered on April 8 , 1956 on NBC . Dello Joio adapted the work a third time , extending the music at the beginning and end of the 1956 version ( including some music from the 1950 opera ) to create a one-act opera for the stage . This third version , once again called The Triumph of St. Joan , was premiered by the New York City Opera on April 16 , 1959 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc29765c69e845ac2050387bfb0c4418", "text": "Joan Kelly Joan Kelly ( March 29 , 1928 -- August 15 , 1982 ) was a prominent American historian who wrote on the Italian Renaissance , specifically on Leon Battista Alberti . Among her best known works is the article `` Did Women Have a Renaissance ? '' which was published in 1977 . The article challenged the contemporary historiography of the Renaissance , arguing that women 's power and agency declined during the early modern period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22867ae64daea8d87cebae26f24032bc", "text": "We Charge Genocide We Charge Genocide : The Crime of Government Against the Negro People is a paper accusing the United States government of genocide based on the UN Genocide Convention . This paper was written by the Civil Rights Congress ( CRC ) and presented to the United Nations at meetings in Paris in December 1951 . The document pointed out that the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide defined genocide as any acts committed with `` intent to destroy '' a group , `` in whole or in part . '' To build its case for black genocide , the document cited many instances of lynching in the United States , as well as legal discrimination , disenfranchisement of blacks in the South , a series of incidents of police brutality dating to the present , and systematic inequalities in health and quality of life . The central argument : the US government is both complicit with and responsible for a genocidal situation based on the UN 's own definition of genocide . The document received international media attention and became caught up in Cold War politics , as the CRC was supported by the American Communist Party . Its many examples of shocking conditions for African Americans shaped beliefs about the United States in countries across the world . The American government and white press accused the CRC of exaggerating racial inequality in order to advance the cause of Communism . The US State Department forced CRC secretary William L. Patterson to surrender his passport after he presented the petition to a UN meeting in Paris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ef7f0328d26f06e121954b2b19a18f4", "text": "Saint Joan of the Stockyards Saint Joan of the Stockyards ( -LSB- Die Heilige Johanna der Schlachthöfe , links = no -RSB- ) is a play written by the German modernist playwright Bertolt Brecht between 1929 and 1931 , after the success of his musical The Threepenny Opera and during the period of his radical experimental work with the Lehrstücke . It is based on the musical that he co-authored with Elisabeth Hauptmann , Happy End ( 1929 ) . In this version of the story of Joan of Arc , Brecht transforms her into `` Joan Dark '' , a member of the `` Black Straw Hats '' ( a Salvation Army-like group ) in 20th-century Chicago . The play charts Joan 's battle with Pierpont Mauler , the unctuous owner of a meat-packing plant . Like her predecessor , Joan is a doomed woman , a martyr and ( initially , at least ) an innocent in a world of strike-breakers , fat cats , and penniless workers . Like many of Brecht 's plays it is laced with humor and songs as part of its epic dramaturgical structure and deals with the theme of emancipation from material suffering and exploitation . The play was broadcast on Berlin Radio on the 11 April 1932 , with Carola Neher as Joan and Fritz Kortner as Mauler . The cast also included Helene Weigel , Ernst Busch , Peter Lorre , Paul Bildt and Friedrich Gnass . The play did not receive its first theatrical production until the 30 April 1959 , at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg , after Brecht 's death . Brecht had asked Gustaf Gründgens to direct , with scenic design by Caspar Neher and music by Siegfried Franz . Brecht 's daughter Hanne Hiob played Joan . Brecht wrote two other versions of the Joan of Arc story : The Visions of Simone Machard ( 1942 ) and The Trial of Joan of Arc of Proven , 1431 ( 1952 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f3bd01b0fc0dd375a185d38479526d5", "text": "National symbols of the Confederate States This article is a list of national symbols of the Confederate States enacted through legislation . Upon its independence ( adoption of the Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States ) on February 8 , 1861 , and subsequent foundation of the `` permanent '' government on February 22 , 1862 , the Confederate States Congress adopted national symbols distinct from those of the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83c3973bd96b8a0b57e793b6e121a02f", "text": "National Historic Landmark A National Historic Landmark ( NHL ) is a building , district , object , site , or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance . Of over 85,000 places listed on the country 's National Register of Historic Places , only some 2,500 are recognized as National Historic Landmarks . A National Historic Landmark District may include contributing properties that are buildings , structures , sites or objects , and it may include non-contributing properties . Contributing properties may or may not also be separately listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be0dc29f992fa7fb15113fa19eaaed4d", "text": "America's Critical Period The term America 's Critical Period , popularized by John Fiske in 1888 with his book The Critical Period of American History , refers to the period of United States history in the 1780s , right after the American Revolution , where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance . More specifically , the `` Critical Period '' refers to the period of time following the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 to the inauguration of George Washington as President in 1789 . The phrase was first used to describe this era ( unbeknownst to Fiske ) by William Henry Trescot in his 1857 book The Diplomatic History of the Administrations of Washington and Adams . During the 1780s , the loose confederation of states was beset with a wide array of foreign and domestic problems . Some historians believe it was a bleak , terrible time for Americans , while others such as Merrill Jensen believe the term `` Critical Period '' is exaggerated , and that , while the decade a time of dispute and change , they were also a time of economic growth and political maturation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5575ae2e47e39fddc907a071e561ee3b", "text": "Susan B. Anthony Susan Brownell Anthony ( February 15 , 1820 -- March 13 , 1906 ) was an American social reformer and women 's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women 's suffrage movement . Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality , she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17 . In 1856 , she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society . In 1851 , she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton , who became her lifelong friend and co-worker in social reform activities , primarily in the field of women 's rights . In 1852 , they founded the New York Women 's State Temperance Society after Anthony was prevented from speaking at a temperance conference because she was female . In 1863 , they founded the Women 's Loyal National League , which conducted the largest petition drive in United States history up to that time , collecting nearly 400,000 signatures in support of the abolition of slavery . In 1866 , they initiated the American Equal Rights Association , which campaigned for equal rights for both women and African Americans . In 1868 , they began publishing a women 's rights newspaper called The Revolution . In 1869 , they founded the National Woman Suffrage Association as part of a split in the women 's movement . In 1890 , the split was formally healed when their organization merged with the rival American Woman Suffrage Association to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association , with Anthony as its key force . In 1876 , Anthony and Stanton began working with Matilda Joslyn Gage on what eventually grew into the six-volume History of Woman Suffrage . The interests of Anthony and Stanton diverged somewhat in later years , but the two remained close friends . In 1872 , Anthony was arrested for voting in her hometown of Rochester , New York , and convicted in a widely publicized trial . Although she refused to pay the fine , the authorities declined to take further action . In 1878 , Anthony and Stanton arranged for Congress to be presented with an amendment giving women the right to vote . Popularly known as the Anthony Amendment and introduced by Sen. Aaron A. Sargent ( R-CA ) , it became the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920 . Anthony traveled extensively in support of women 's suffrage , giving as many as 75 to 100 speeches per year and working on many state campaigns . She worked internationally for women 's rights , playing a key role in creating the International Council of Women , which is still active . She also helped to bring about the World 's Congress of Representative Women at the World 's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 . When she first began campaigning for women 's rights , Anthony was harshly ridiculed and accused of trying to destroy the institution of marriage . Public perception of her changed radically during her lifetime , however . Her 80th birthday was celebrated in the White House at the invitation of President William McKinley . She became the first actual woman to be depicted on U.S. coinage when her portrait appeared on the 1979 dollar coin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90935efbe9a58b04019c05ce636b6180", "text": "UniteWomen.org UniteWomen.org is a national non-partisan 501 ( c ) 3 tax exempt non-profit organization with a mission of ending inequality for women that stems from prejudice and discrimination and to defend and advance the human and civil rights of women and girls . The organization was formed in Michigan in February 2012 . It developed in response to the War on Women , a series of legislative actions in the United States which negatively affect women . The group has organized several marches , including a march in Jackson , Mississippi , to oppose `` 32 bills introduced this session restricting women 's access to health care '' and a nationwide march on April 28 , 2012 that took place in major cities across the United States . The group has been endorsed by American Association of University Women , National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health , the The Coalition of Labor Union Women and The Coffee Party USA . The march in April 2012 was promoted by Barbara Hannah Grufferman Karen Teegarden , President of UniteWomen.org , appeared on The Authentic Woman , along with National Organization for Women President , Terry O'Neill . The two women 's rights leaders were interviewed by radio host , Shannon Fisher , about The State of Women 's Rights in America . The organization was a partner in the Suffrage Centennial Celebration in 2013 , which was a week of events in Washington leading up to a reenactment of the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913 Other partners in the Suffrage Centennial Celebration were the National Women 's History Museum , Sewall-Belmont House & Museum , the Smithsonian 's National Museum of American History , the Newseum , American Association of University Women , Daughters of the American Revolution , Delta Sigma Theta , the National Archives , the Turning Point Suffragist Memorial , the National Press Club , and The George Washington University Lisner Auditorium . UniteWomen.org 's `` Unite Against Rape '' campaign raised public awareness of the issues of rape , human trafficking and violence against women . An array of legislators , journalists and celebrities participated in the campaign , including U.S. Senators Mark Warner and Tim Kaine ; comedians Roseanne Barr , Margaret Cho , Annabelle Gurwitch and Lois Bromfield ; social justice advocate Sandra Fluke ; Philadelphia Eagles defensive tackle , Ronnie Cameron , musician Courtney Love ; social and political commentators Meghan McCain , Alexandria Goddard ( the Steubenville blogger ) , Leslie Salzillo , Kimberley A. Johnson and Tanya Tatum ; XoJane writers and editors Jane Pratt , Mandy Stadtmiller , Alison Freer , Marci Robin and Julia Allison ; actors Yuri Lowenthal , Pia Glenn and Sharon Gardner ; celebrity artist Tormented Sugar ; writers Herman Williams , III , Pat Bertram , Michele Rolle and Toni Morrison ; executive director of the Military Rape Crisis Center , Panayiota Bertzikis ; and celebrity relationship experts Dr. Gilda Carle and Dr. Sheri Meyers . The campaign was co-founded by UniteWomen.org executive committee members Renee Davis , Karen Teegarden , Shannon Fisher and Sarah Warfield Chamberlin . The team also partnered with Rape , Abuse & Incest National Network for a national RAINN Day campaign to raise awareness of sexual assault on college campuses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ad2b2191e4a9ddd50550001d77a585d", "text": "Major General John A. Logan Major General John A. Logan , also known as the General John A. Logan Monument and Logan Circle Monument , is an equestrian statue in Washington , D.C. that honors politician and Civil War general John A. Logan . The monument is sited in the center of Logan Circle , a traffic circle and public park in the Logan Circle neighborhood . The statue was sculpted by artist Franklin Simmons , whose other prominent works include the Peace Monument and statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection . The architect of the statue base was Richard Morris Hunt , designer of prominent buildings including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and The Breakers in Newport , Rhode Island . Prominent attendees at the dedication ceremony in 1901 included President William McKinley , members of his cabinet , Senator Chauncey Depew , Senator Shelby Moore Cullom , and General Grenville M. Dodge . The sculpture is one of eighteen Civil War monuments in Washington , D.C. , which were collectively listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 . The bronze sculpture rests on a bronze and granite base adorned with two reliefs depicting historically inaccurate moments in Logan 's life . The monument and surrounding park are owned and maintained by the National Park Service , a federal agency of the Interior Department .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae983556e67370be7dd5b8684b8362f", "text": "Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington , D.C. , dedicated to Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 -- 1826 ) , one of the most important of the American Founding Fathers as the main drafter and writer of the Declaration of Independence , member of the Continental Congress , governor of the newly independent Commonwealth of Virginia , American minister to King Louis XVI and the Kingdom of France , first U.S. Secretary of State under the first President George Washington , the second Vice President of the United States under second President John Adams , and also the third President ( 1801 -- 1809 ) , as well as being the founder of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville , Virginia . The neoclassical Memorial building on the Tidal Basin off the Washington Channel of the Potomac River was designed by the architect John Russell Pope and built by the Philadelphia contractor John McShain . Construction of the building began in 1939 and was completed in 1943 . The bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947 . The Jefferson Memorial is managed by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior under its National Mall and Memorial Parks division . In 2007 , it was ranked fourth on the `` List of America 's Favorite Architecture '' by the American Institute of Architects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0ceb74a961d17f3d9c28adf622dc0cc", "text": "Saint John Paul II National Shrine The Saint John Paul II National Shrine is a national shrine in Washington , D.C. , sponsored by the Knights of Columbus . It is a place of prayer for Catholics and welcomes people of all faiths . It houses a permanent exhibit called `` A Gift of Love : the Life of Saint John Paul II '' and hosts temporary exhibits relating to the history of the Catholic Church in North America . It has a Chapel with daily services . The 130000 sqft building is built on 12 acres ( 4.9 ha ) adjacent to The Catholic University of America and the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in the Brookland neighborhood of Northeast Washington .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "894436de189b7cdf992d86dc6f07a8cc", "text": "Annapolis Convention (1786) The Annapolis Convention , formally titled as a Meeting of Commissioners to Remedy Defects of the Federal Government was a national political convention held September 11 -- 14 , 1786 at Mann 's Tavern in Annapolis , Maryland , in which twelve delegates from five states -- New Jersey , New York , Pennsylvania , Delaware , and Virginia -- gathered to discuss and develop a consensus about reversing the protectionist trade barriers that each state had erected . At the time , under the Articles of Confederation , each state was largely independent from the others and the national government had no authority to regulate trade between and among the states . Additionally , New Hampshire , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , and North Carolina had appointed commissioners who failed to arrive in Annapolis in time to attend the meeting , while Connecticut , Maryland , South Carolina , and Georgia had taken no action at all . The final report of the convention , adopted unanimously , was sent to the Congress and to the states . It sought support for a broader constitutional convention to be held the following May in Philadelphia . It expressed the hope that more states would be represented and that their delegates or deputies would be authorized to examine areas broader than simply commercial trade . Because of the few representatives in attendance , their authority was limited . It is unclear how much weight the convention 's call carried , but the urgency of the need for constitutional reform was highlighted by a number of rebellions that took place all over the country . While most of them were easily suppressed , Shays ' Rebellion lasted from August 1786 until February 1787 . The rebellion called attention to both popular discontent and government weakness . The direct result of the Annapolis Convention report and the ensuing events was the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 , during which the United States Constitution was drafted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4943672a5e94f6cfdf2e9ad52285df19", "text": "Religious qualifications for public office in the United States Religious qualifications for public office in the United States have always been prohibited at the national level of the federal system of government under the Constitution . Article VI of the Constitution of the United States declares that `` no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States '' . The First Amendment of the Constitution also prevents the Congress of the United States from making any law `` respecting an establishment of religion '' ( the Establishment Clause ) . Neither the First Amendment nor Article VI , however , were originally applied to the individual states , and individual restrictions were utilized by individual states to prevent Jews , Catholics , and atheists from occupying public offices . State-level requirements for public office were not entirely abolished until 1961 , when the Supreme Court of the United States struck down religious qualifications for all public officeholders in its decision in Torcaso v. Watkins , a case concerning an atheist 's right to serve as a notary public under a Maryland law requiring public officials to declare they believed in God . However , eight states still have language in their constitutions that requires such qualifications .", "title": "" } ]	fever
87344960bdb9543e58174cbc5739c31c	Anderson Silva is a martial artist.	[ { "docid": "38cb60edef630e9d6d46e4ceca20a787", "text": "Anderson Silva Anderson da Silva ( -LSB- ˈɐ̃deʁsõ ˈsiwvɐ -RSB- ; born April 14 , 1975 ) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist and former UFC Middleweight Champion . Silva holds the longest title streak in UFC history , which ended in 2013 after 2,457 days , with 16 consecutive wins and 10 title defenses . He has 13 post-fight bonuses , the second most in UFC history . UFC president Dana White and several mixed-martial-arts publications have called Silva the greatest mixed martial artist of all time . He is currently ranked the # 6 contender in official UFC middleweight rankings .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "301d7d67a25054ee3a4afb21f90ba699", "text": "UFC Fight Night: Condit vs. Alves UFC Fight Night : Condit vs. Alves ( also known as UFC Fight Night 67 ) was a mixed martial arts event held on May 30 , 2015 at the Goiânia Arena in Goiânia , Brazil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08241c7fd74112fbc45b3602041340c7", "text": "Miécimo da Silva Sports Complex Miécimo da Silva Sports Complex is an indoor sporting arena located in Campo Grande neighborhood , Rio de Janeiro city , Brazil . It opened in 1997 . For the 2007 Pan American Games , it hosted the karate , skating , and squash events . Capacity of the arena is 4,000 people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "304aeb0dc7230afae9a80213e5f640e0", "text": "Club fighter A club fighter ( or clubfighter ) is a professional boxer who usually fights locally and has a mediocre record . Club fighters generally are not nationally recognized and have not won any fights that show the ability to win a championship . The term is often used as a pejorative for over-hyped fighters or for older boxers when they begin to decline . For example , Floyd Mayweather Jr. called Arturo Gatti `` a blown-up club fighter '' , even though Gatti was the WBC super lightweight champion at the time . A club fighter is less respected than a contender , who defeats journeymen and club fighters in order to establish himself as a challenger for a world title . A journeyman is slightly more respected than a club fighter -- often by way of having a superficially good record . Category : Boxing terminology Category : Pejorative terms for people", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15cfdc058e59239f9fe83298f11b4d03", "text": "2005 in UFC The year 2005 is the 13th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2005 the UFC held 10 events beginning with , UFC 51 : Super Saturday . The reality TV series The Ultimate Fighter and the UFC Ultimate Fight Night both premiered on Spike TV . The Ultimate Fighter 1 Finale was the first ever live UFC broadcast on non-pay-per-view television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d5a15b24621eedb38355d57e37185c7", "text": "The Ultimate Fighter: Team Lesnar vs. Team dos Santos The Ultimate Fighter : Team Lesnar vs. Team dos Santos is the thirteenth installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter . The UFC and Spike TV held open tryouts on November 4 , 2010 , in Las Vegas , Nevada . The casting call went out for Welterweight and Middleweight fighters , however , all fighters will be in the welterweight division . All fighters applying and trying out for the show must have at least three professional fights and be at least 21 years of age . Notables who turned up to the tryouts included Strikeforce veterans Karl Amoussou , Andre Galvao , and Zak Cummings , and former TUF contestants Frank Lester and Jeremiah Riggs . It was confirmed during the Fight For The Troops 2 conference call that Brock Lesnar and Junior dos Santos would be the coaches for this season . This season did not feature an elimination round like the two seasons before it , however , the `` wild card '' selections introduced in season 11 were still featured . The initial cast was 14 fighters rather than the usual 16 , 28 or 32 in recent seasons . On May 12 , 2011 , midway through the airing of the season , Dana White announced that Brock Lesnar pulled out of the coaches ' fight due to the return of diverticulitis , forcing Lesnar to withdraw from the bout .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d09f9d100ee95eaff2dd3cd48bb89594", "text": "World Fighting Alliance The World Fighting Alliance was a mixed martial arts organization based in the United States . Owned and organized by MMA legend and trainer John Lewis ( Promoter/Match Maker ) and nightclub operator and `` Club Rubber '' promoter John Huntington ( Producer ) along with Lawyer Louis Palazzo ( Investor ) , the WFA began promoting events after the Nevada State Athletic Commission began sanctioning mixed martial arts . The Las Vegas-based promotion , unlike its cross-town rival , the Ultimate Fighting Championship , featured a nightclub environment and a slogan of `` Where the fight club meets the Night Club '' . Sexy and flashy , its events featured several scantily-clad ring girls between rounds and go-go dancers between fights , and plenty of loud music , including guest performers like Ice-T . However , in an incident at Level 3 which seriously harmed the promotion 's reputation , credentialed photographers were ejected by venue security from their areas and were forced to move to where they could not take acceptable pictures . The inconvenience caused by the ejection was substantial , some writers at the event were forced to track down their photographers and leave their beat , while some offended editors decided to yank coverage of the event altogether . While the difficulties of the last event did not seem to deter the promotion and the promoters promised a Level 4 , Lewis and Huntington did not promote another WFA event since , and the promotion was assumed to be defunct . After a rise of interest in mixed martial arts in the United States in 2005 , the WFA reemerged with new ownership and began an aggressive program to establish itself as a new major mixed martial arts promotion . The owners , Ross Goodman and Louis Palazzo , both attorneys from Las Vegas , began by signing contracts with several of the biggest free agents on the market , including former UFC middleweight contender and Olympic silver medalist Matt Lindland , PRIDE middleweight contender Quinton Jackson , retired UFC and Pancrase champion Bas Rutten , former top-ranked Bantamweight fighter Urijah Faber , and former UFC Heavyweight Champion Ricco Rodriguez . In their recruitment efforts , they also came close to signing Tito Ortiz before he was enticed by an offer from the UFC . The fruits of their acquisitions culminated in WFA : King of the Streets on July 22 , 2006 , a pay-per-view broadcast event at the Forum in Inglewood , California . The card was headed by a main event of Quinton Jackson vs. Matt Lindland , Jackson 's first fight on American soil since becoming a headliner in PRIDE , and featured famed boxing broadcaster Barry Tompkins and wrestling star Bill Goldberg at the announce desk . Despite heavy expectations and an aggressive marketing campaign , including a pre-event special broadcast on Showtime , the event only attracted a crowd of over 5,000 , with only 2,300 tickets sold . Pay-per-view buys were also low , reportedly under 50,000 . Despite the disappointing numbers , and rumors of financial troubles , the WFA announced their next event , WFA : King of the Streets II at Aladdin Resort and Casino in Las Vegas , Nevada scheduled for December 9 , 2006 . However , the event was then postponed until early 2007 for undisclosed reasons . On November 15 , 2006 , the WFA 's CEO , Jeremy Lappen , sued the WFA and its owners for breach of contract , claiming he has not been paid since June 2006 , a few weeks before King of the Streets . Finally on December 11 , 2006 , Zuffa , the parent company of rival promotion UFC , announced it had acquired select assets of the WFA , including the contracts of WFA fighters . The WFA afterward ceased operations per the sale agreement . The WFA brand was revived in THQ 's video game UFC Undisputed 2010 , an update to their wildly popular multi-platform MMA video game UFC 2009 Undisputed . In the game 's career mode , which mimics that of an actual MMA fighter , players start off in the WFA and after a certain amount of success are invited to the UFC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c17e2ab466a7e59e7c32fece6e20709", "text": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Andre Berto Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Andre Berto , billed as `` High Stakes '' , was a professional boxing fight , contested for the welterweight championship . The bout was held on September 12 , 2015 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas , Nevada on Showtime PPV Mayweather Jr. confirmed his retirement after the bout . Mayweather dominated the fight , landing an impressive 56 % -LSB- 232/410 -RSB- punches thrown , and 67 % of power punches -LSB- 132/196 -RSB- compared to Berto 's underwhelming number of 16 % -LSB- 83/495 -RSB- punches landed and 22 % -LSB- 39/177 -RSB- of power punches thrown . Mayweather won the fight , 120-108 , 118-110 and 117-111 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69fd71e494dc6b5f53e6fa0902136549", "text": "Neiman Gracie Neiman Gracie ( born December 12 , 1988 ) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner currently competing in the Middleweight division of Bellator MMA . A professional MMA competitor since 2013 , he has also previously fought for the World Series of Fighting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd0f24dfa245800eca932f03d62f0bb3", "text": "MP & Silva MP & Silva ( abbreviation for Media Partners & Silva Limited ) is an international sports agency that provides media rights distribution , digital and technology services , and sponsorship consultancy . The company 's portfolio includes international sports content of mainly football , tennis and motor sports TV rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d7097f965afba1dd261843b34d19e31", "text": "Bakbakan International Bakbakan International is a martial arts association headquartered in Manila , Philippines and founded by Christopher Ricketts . It has chapters in Australia , Canada , and the United States . It also promoted the Masters of Arnis tour in Australia that featured Christopher Ricketts , Antonio Diego , Edgar Sulite , and Rey Galang . The school teaches the following methods : Kali Ilustrisimo , which was developed by Antonio `` Tatang '' Ilustrisimo . The Tulisan Knife-Fighting System , which works as an offshoot of Kali Ilustrisimo and is based on technique rather than drill . The Sinawali Fighting System , which emphasizes ambidexterity and weapon mastery . Lameco Eskrima , developed by Edgar Sulite . The Sagasa Kickboxing System , which develops coordination , power , and reflexes . The Hagibis Combat System of close-quarter combat , which primarily emphasizes grappling , throwing , and tripping as means of disabling individual opponents where multiple opponents exist . Ngo Cho Kun ( Wuzuquan ) Kung Fu , which emphasizes power , stamina , and concentration . Its notable members are Tony Diego , Edgar Sulite , Alexander Co , Christopher Ricketts , Rey Galang , Dodong Sta . Iglesia , Miguel Zubiri , Doran Sordo , Ding Binay , Ronnie Ricketts , Rolly Maximo , Ramon Tulfo , Rey Dizer , Edgar Aristorenas , and Leonard A. Anderson . The organization or its senior members have been featured in or written the following published works : September 1997 issue of Exotic Martial Arts of Southeast Asia Filipino Martial Culture by Mark V. Wiley Five Ancestor Fist Kung Fu by Alexander Co Premiere Issue of Martial Arts Illustrated . Masters of the Blade by Reynaldo S. Galang Warrior Arts of the Philippines by Reynaldo S. Galang Classic ARNIS - The Legacy of Placido Yambao by Reynaldo S. Galang Complete Sinawali Filipino Double Weapon Fighting by Reynaldo S. Galang", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17424e673e40efb2c7802770497c9f00", "text": "Roger Gracie Roger Gracie Gomes ( born September 26 , 1981 ) is a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner and mixed martial artist . A member of the Gracie family , he is the son of Reila Gracie ( daughter of Carlos Gracie ) and Mauricio Motta Gomes . Roger was awarded his black belt by his cousin Renzo Gracie at the behest of Carlos Gracie , Jr. whilst training in New York in 2003 . He is currently a third degree black belt . Roger Gracie is the founder and head instructor at The Roger Gracie Academy located in Kensington , London , England , United Kingdom . Roger is also an active mixed martial arts competitor and is the current ONE World Cruiserweight Champion", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10f07a4595689620e07f4703d4a407e3", "text": "Thiago Silva (fighter) Thiago Anderson Ramos da Silva ( -LSB- tʃiˈaɡu ˈsiwvɐ -RSB- ; born November 12 , 1982 ) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Light Heavyweight division of the Absolute Championship Berkut . Once a member of the renowned Chute Boxe Academy , Silva now trains at Jaco Hybrid Training Center A.K.A. the Blackzilians . Silva received his Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt under Jorge Patino .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38e35b8b187228b513d4141d67f09e25", "text": "Mark Coleman Mark Daniel Coleman ( born December 20 , 1964 ) is a retired American mixed martial artist , professional wrestler , former NCAA collegiate wrestler and former Olympic amateur wrestler . Known as The Hammer , he was the UFC 10 and UFC 11 tournament champion , the first UFC Heavyweight Champion , and the Pride Fighting Championships 2000 Open Weight Grand Prix champion . At UFC 82 Coleman was inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame . At the age of retirement he was taking 150,000 USD salary per year . Coleman is credited with proving the ability of wrestlers to dominate in the developing sport of mixed martial arts , and with being one of the first in American MMA to successfully use the strategy that he coined ; ground-and-pound , earning him the distinction as `` The Godfather of Ground & Pound '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c71a3c91edbead7eba03c4118ea16abf", "text": "Adílson Rodrigues José Adílson `` Maguila '' Rodrigues dos Santos ( born September 2 , 1958 in Aracaju , Sergipe , Brazil ) is a former Brazilian heavyweight boxer . He scored 61 knockouts with 43 of those coming under 5 rounds . Rodrigues currently resides in São Paulo , São Paulo , where he is treating for Alzheimer 's disease originated from dementia pugilistica . His nickname in Brazil , Maguila , comes from the cartoon Magilla Gorilla . Rodrigues is a former World Boxing Foundation ( WBF ) heavyweight champion , and held the South American title for 14 straight years , from 1986 to 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d83a052d7b9e58b3d01f43cd9c9c089", "text": "Marcos Silva Marcos Silva is a Brazilian Paralympic footballer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "196d170e150a6daa5bf026bcd22023a1", "text": "Sérgio Penha Sérgio Luiz da Penha ( born August 20 , 1959 ) is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner and instructor . He is most known for an epic fight against Rickson Gracie in the 1980s . Sergio currently is a coach for well known MMA fighters in Las Vegas such as Stephan Bonnar , Steve Cantwell , Anthony Njokuani among others . Sergio has just received one of the highest honors in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu by obtaining his seventh degree red and black belt . Penha is notable for being one of a very small number of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners skilled enough to have completely bypassed brown belt , moving straight from purple to black belt . Some sources claim that Penha may have been responsible for training Kazushi Sakuraba in Brazilian jiu-jitsu during his course of victories over various members of the renowned Gracie family . Penha confirmed it in an interview , although he clarified he had been teaching at the Takada Dojo for only 15 days , and that their Japanese fighters had been interested to learn `` not secret methods and strategies specifically for beating jiu-jitsu , '' but `` just basic techniques . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82a5b56aeed2d2f0d8b51534c9803372", "text": "Urijah Faber Urijah Christopher Faber ( born May 14 , 1979 ) is an American retired mixed martial artist who fought as a bantamweight and featherweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship . Faber won the WEC Featherweight Championship at WEC 19 on March 17 , 2006 , and held the title for over two years until losing it to Mike Brown at WEC 36 on November 5 , 2008 . Faber is widely regarded as one of the sport 's pioneers for establishing legitimacy to lighter weight classes in MMA . Faber is an NCAA wrestler . With his excellent base in wrestling , he later started Brazilian jiu-jitsu and quickly gained a brown belt under Fábio `` Pateta '' Prado , who , under Carlson Gracie Jr. , is a fifth degree black belt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c268016697a3cde926a7720c483c528d", "text": "Guard (grappling) The guard is a ground grappling position in which one combatant has their back to the ground while attempting to control the other combatant using their legs . In pure grappling combat sports , the guard is considered an advantageous position , because the bottom combatant can attack with various joint locks and chokeholds , while the top combatant 's priority is the transition into a more dominant position , a process known as passing the guard . In mixed martial arts competition or hand-to-hand combat in general , it is possible to effectively strike from the top in the guard , even though the bottom combatant exerts some control . There are various types of guard , with their own advantages and disadvantages . The guard is a key part of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu where it can be used as an offensive position . It is also used , but not formally named , in judo though it is sometimes referred to as `` dō-osae '' in Japanese , meaning `` trunk hold '' . It is called the `` front body scissor '' in catch wrestling .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da56ca50745d720faa5cb019e214cea", "text": "Bob Anderson (fencer) Robert James Gilbert `` Bob '' Anderson ( 15 September 1922 -- 1 January 2012 ) was a British Olympic fencer , and a renowned film fight choreographer , with a cinema career that spanned more than 50 years and included films such as Highlander , The Princess Bride , The Mask of Zorro , The Lord of the Rings , and Die Another Day . He was regarded as the premier choreographer of Hollywood sword-fighting , and during his career he coached many actors in swordsmanship , including Errol Flynn , Sean Connery , Antonio Banderas , Viggo Mortensen , Adrian Paul , and Johnny Depp . He also appeared as a stunt double for Darth Vader 's lightsaber battles in The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi .", "title": "" } ]	fever
365d9a5a63dfe0bb10c380c9f88823ad	Sonny with a Chance was on Disney Channel.	[ { "docid": "198331f39e83423f8f478bf14322c540", "text": "Sonny with a Chance Sonny with a Chance is an American sitcom created by Steve Marmel which aired for two seasons on Disney Channel from February 8 , 2009 to January 2 , 2011 . The series follows the experiences of teenager Sonny Munroe , portrayed by Demi Lovato , who becomes the newest accepted cast member of her favorite live comedy television show , So Random ! . The series debuted on February 8 , 2009 , in the United States . This is the first Disney Channel Original Series to be shot and aired in high-definition from the beginning . Like most of Disney Channel 's sitcoms , it is shot on tape but uses a `` filmized '' appearance . The second season , some scenes are shot on location . The series is one of the three Disney Channel Original Series to feature a show-within-a-show , along with The Famous Jett Jackson and Shake It Up . On June 1 , 2009 , TV Guide reported that Disney Channel had renewed Sonny with a Chance for a second season , with Gary Marsh saying `` Sonny was a hit right out of the gate '' . The second season premiered on March 14 , 2010 to 6.3 million viewers , and was reportedly cancelled over a year later on April 19 , 2011 following Lovato 's official departure announcement and Disney Channel 's decision to rebrand the series . Disney Channel originally renewed the series for a third season on November 12 , 2010 , but Lovato 's role was at an uncertainty at the time after she checked into treatment two weeks prior . No word on whether Lovato would return to her role had been said , and production on the season carried out as planned in January 2011 without Lovato , focusing on the So Random ! aspect rather than behind the scenes . An official name change to So Random ! was announced on April 4 , 2011 , and later that month Lovato announced that she would not be returning to her role as Sonny Munroe , putting an end to Sonny with a Chance . So Random ! premiered on Disney Channel on June 5 , 2011 to an audience of 4.1 million viewers , but ratings soon dropped and the series was cancelled after a 26-episode first season .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "124ccd3f9e916317240ab7a8f218c9b1", "text": "The Magic Window The Magic Window ( also known as The House with the Magic Window ) was an American children 's television program broadcast on ABC affiliate WOI-TV in Ames , Iowa from 1951 to 1994 . With a run of 43 years , it was the longest running children 's television program in American history . ( Bozo 's Circus technically had a longer run ; however , it was made in many different local markets by different producers . ) Producer Dick Hartzell and WOI TV artist Joy ( Ringham ) Munn developed the show as an educational children 's program , which featured handicraft activities , news items , and birthday recognition for the children viewing the show . Joy co-hosted the show with Craighton Knau for the first season ( 1951-1952 ) , which was 30 minutes long and aired 3 times per week . During the second season , she became the sole host of the program . For that season the show was 15 minutes long and aired 5 days per week . Joy left the show in 1953 . For all but the first three years of the show , it was hosted by Betty Lou Varnum , another pioneer in central-Iowa broadcasting . Betty Lou Varnum , who is best known for The Magic Window , but was versatile enough to host such other shows as a teen dance party , election coverage , and a call in ` issues ' show , hosted the show , along with a cast of puppets such as Gregory Lion , Dusty the Unicorn , and Catrina Crocodile . The heart of the show was Betty Lou teaching kids a new craft each episode ( using kid-safe items such as construction paper , safety scissors , and cellophane tape ) . The puppets would help out by opening the curtain to the screen on which various featurettes were shown . These included episodes from Tales of the Riverbank , Felix the Cat , and a series called `` Let 's Be Friends '' which introduced viewers to a child from another city or country , sharing their culture and lifestyle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87b2a1f3ba2ed7cebc4eedd8230874b8", "text": "List of Aladdin episodes Aladdin is an animated television series made by Walt Disney Television Animation which aired from 1994 to 1995 , based on the original 1992 feature film of the same name . Coming on the heels of the direct-to-video sequel The Return of Jafar , the series picked up where that installment left off , with Aladdin still living on the streets of Agrabah but now engaged to the beautiful and fearless Princess Jasmine . `` Al '' and Jasmine went together into peril among sorcerers , monsters , thieves , and more . Monkey sidekick Abu , the animated Magic Carpet , and the fast-talking , shape-shifting Genie came along to help , as did sassy , complaining , temperamental but angry parrot Iago , formerly Jafar 's pet but now an anti-hero . Many of the films ' stars provided the voices of their TV counterparts , with the notable exception of Dan Castellaneta filling in for Robin Williams in the Genie role . Nine episodes were first aired on The Disney Channel in early 1994 as a preview for the series -- these episodes have their Disney Channel airdates noted separately . In the fall , the series simultaneously premiered on both The Disney Afternoon syndicated block and on CBS Saturday mornings . Eighty-six episodes were made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b4da06a3483480a329403e61e607944", "text": "Flop Starz `` Flop Starz '' is the first segment for the first official aired episode of the animated television series Phineas and Ferb . The episode was originally broadcast on Disney Channel on February 1 , 2008 . In the episode , Phineas and Ferb become one-hit wonders in the matter of a morning . This is much to the disappointment of Candace , who is trying out for super stardom on a competition show titled The Next American Pop Teen Idol Star ! Meanwhile , Doofenshmirtz converts his building into a giant robot to aid him in his attempt to conquer the tri-state area . The episode 's storyboard was written by Sherm Cohen and Antoine Guilbaud , though the story itself was made by the co-creators of the series . The song in the episode , `` Gitchee Gitchee Goo , '' was the first song the series had and caused for Disney to want one in every episode . Despite the actual pilot being `` Rollercoaster , '' the episode was broadcast to premiere the series , so a majority of the series ' standard humor and plot devices had yet to be established ( e.g. Perry and Doofenshmirtz have no involvement in the removal of the boys ' evidence -LSB- mainly instigated by the boys themselves -RSB- and Candace 's busting attempts in the A-plot are limited to two ) . `` Flop Starz '' carried several references to the music industry and several genres ( the title itself is as well a spoof of the phrase `` pop stars '' ) , as well as to the talent competition American Idol . The episode was well received by critics and fans alike , gaining 23.5 million viewers in its premiere . The song featured , `` Gitchee Gitchee Goo , '' was as well reviewed favorably by critics . `` Flop Starz '' has been featured in several pieces of merchandise , including a junior novelization by Lara Bergen in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d22444f344ba080f64ea548b96ddc988", "text": "Nick Records Nick Records ( also known as Nickelodeon Records or Nick Music ) is the record label for the children 's television channel Nickelodeon . The label featured new and emerging young musical artists , `` triple threat '' singers who would also act and dance on the network 's series , and soundtrack and compilations based on Nickelodeon TV shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1345fa0f325b226ad6f23a1ce07c8a73", "text": "Donald Duck universe The Donald Duck universe is a fictional shared universe which is the setting of stories involving Disney cartoon character Donald Duck , as well as Daisy Duck , Huey , Dewey , and Louie , Scrooge McDuck , and many other characters . The world is a part of the Mickey Mouse universe , but is more detailed . Life in the Donald Duck universe centers on the city of Duckburg , usually located in the fictional U.S. state of Calisota , analogous to Northern California . The world also incorporates several other real and fictional locations , as well as historical figures and a fictional timeline , which is followed with varying degrees of consistency . Disney comics are the primary medium for Donald Duck stories . Contributors include Americans Carl Barks , Ted Osborne , Don Rosa , Tony Strobl , Al Taliaferro , and William Van Horn , as well as Italians Giovan Battista Carpi , Marco Rota , and Romano Scarpa . Other media includes short films in the Donald Duck series , children 's books such as Little Big Books and Little Golden Books , television series such as DuckTales ( 1987 -- 1990 ) and Darkwing Duck ( 1991 -- 1992 ) , and video games such as QuackShot ( 1991 ) , Goin ' Quackers ( 2000 ) , and DuckTales : Remastered ( 2013 ) . `` Donald Duck universe '' is not an official Disney term , but is sometimes used by fans . Don Rosa has also used the terms Barks Universe and Italian Duck Universe to describe different versions of the world 's continuity . The terms `` Barksian '' or `` Barksian facts '' has also been used to describe the canon of the Donald Duck universe , as many comic book creators and fans only consider the stories by Carl Barks as factual , since he is the creator of many of its major characters , locations and ideas . Don Rosa is an example of this when creating his comic book series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck , with most of his stories being based on the works by Barks . Additionally , the stories by Al Taliaferro and Ted Osborne are also considered canon by many fans , being that they are the creators of Huey , Dewey and Louie and Grandma Duck , and part of their work precedes Barks ' work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439c38242be73ceb473ec9d3648366ac", "text": "The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series , a.k.a. . The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series or The Wally Gator Show , was a syndicated television package of animated cartoon series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions , starting in 1962 . The series included three unrelated short cartoon segments featuring funny animal characters : Wally Gator Touché Turtle and Dum Dum Lippy the Lion & Hardy Har Har The package consisted of Fifty-two episodes , each with three individual segments and no bridge animation . Each individual cartoon segment , had its own opening theme and closing title . The title The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon series was an off-screen promotional title to distinguish this package from other Hanna-Barbera cartoons ( such as Ruff and Reddy , Huckleberry Hound and Yogi Bear all of which had bridge animation between the cartoons . ) available at the time . For example , WGN-Channel 9 in Chicago ran the three segments in a half-hour timeslot under the name Wally Gator . In New York , WPIX-TV originally used the segments for a local series , Cartoon Zoo , featuring Milt Moss as host and `` Zookeeper '' , with life-sized cutouts of the characters in `` cages '' as a backdrop . The package was originally syndicated by Screen Gems , the TV division of Columbia Pictures . The Hanna-Barbera studio was later purchased by Taft Broadcasting Company , which distributed the studio 's product first through Taft-HB Program Sales , and later through Worldvision Enterprises . Over time , the studio regained control of many of its earlier productions and distributed them through Worldvision . The elements of The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series were split up , with Wally Gator airing as a segment on Magilla Gorilla and Friends on USA Network 's Cartoon Express from 1987 through 1991 . Meanwhile , Touche Turtle and Lippy the Lion were part of another package of cartoons aired on The Family Channel . Following the purchase of the Hanna-Barbera library by Turner Entertainment , these shorts eventually appeared on Cartoon Network and later Boomerang . The cartoons were put on DVD with Saturday Morning Cartoons : Vol . 2 . Strangely , the Lippy the Lion cartoon was of noticeably better quality than the other two on the DVD . Very likely due to the cartoon coming from a better quality film print then the others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "984cacf55805abbc3aa96d910a7cab17", "text": "Nick Jr. (block) Nick Jr. is a programming block on the Nickelodeon television channel , seen on Nickelodeon weekday mornings . It is aimed at young children aged under 7 years . On September 28 , 2009 , Noggin was renamed Nick Jr. and the block was temporarily renamed `` The Play Date . '' In 2014 , the Nick Jr. name began to be used for both the block and network . It is owned by MTV Networks , a division of Viacom International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5d7d818d9aa873e89af8f058a0ba62b", "text": "Family Chrgd Family CHRGD ( pronounced `` charged '' , stylized as family CHRGD , and also known as simply `` CHRGD '' ) is a Canadian English-language Category B specialty channel owned by DHX Media . A channel of the DHX Television/Family Channel network , it airs live-action and animated children 's programming aimed towards viewers aged 6 -- 12 . The channel first launched on June 1 , 2011 under the ownership of Astral Media as a localized version of Disney XD . Following the acquisition of Astral Media by Bell Canada ( including former sister channel The Movie Network ) , Disney XD and three other channels ( the English - and French-language Disney Junior-branded television networks and Family ) were sold to their current owner , DHX Media , by Bell Canada 's media and broadcasting division , Bell Media , on November 28 , 2013 . On October 9 , 2015 , as a result of Corus Entertainment 's acquisition of Canadian rights to Disney 's children 's programming and associated brands ( which resulted in the launch of a new Disney XD-branded channel ) , the channel was renamed Family Chrgd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063d7ec0f20ad751c06b1585c6b0a98f", "text": "Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears Disney 's Adventures of the Gummi Bears is a Disney animated television series that first aired in the United States from 1985 to 1991 . The series was the first animated production by Walt Disney Animation Television , and loosely inspired by the gummy bear candies ; Disney CEO Michael Eisner was struck with inspiration for the show when his son requested the candies one day . The series premiered on NBC on September 14 , 1985 , and aired there for four seasons . The series moved to ABC for one season from 1989 to 1990 ( airing alongside The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh as the Gummi Bears-Winnie the Pooh Hour ) , and concluded on September 6 , 1991 as part of the Disney Afternoon television syndication package . Of the series ' 65 shows , 30 were double-features , consisting of two 11-minute cartoons , thereby bringing the series total to 94 distinct episodes overall . The show is well-remembered for its theme music , written by Michael and Patty Silversher and creation of `` gummiberry juice '' which was a type of magic potion , granting abilities , which allowed them to bounce away from their hunters . The theme was memorably performed by Joseph Williams , son of composer John Williams and one-time lead singer of Toto . The series was later rebroadcast on the syndicated Disney Afternoon block , and rerun on the Disney Afternoon through the summer of 1991 . In later years , it was shown on The Disney Channel ( from October 7 , 1991 to at least January 1997 ) , and later on Toon Disney , with its most recent televised airing occurring on December 28 , 2001 . Seasons 1 to 3 of the series were released on DVD on November 14 , 2006 featuring commentary from producers Eric Wong and Daniel Weinstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acfc5507c71916ad8efd4012cd7ebf0b", "text": "John DeLuca John `` Johnny '' DeLuca ( born April 25 , 1986 ) is an American actor who is known for his role as Butchy in the Disney Channel Original Movie , Teen Beach Movie , Teen Beach 2 , and as Anthony in coming-of-age comedy Staten Island Summer . He also guest starred with Maia Mitchell on an episode of Disney Channel 's latest show , Jessie , along with a guest appearance on Wizards of Waverly Place .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26b859d4706b58417dc115d2e4afc627", "text": "List of local children's television series (United States) The following is a list of local children 's television shows in the United States . These were locally produced commercial television programming intended for the child audience with unique hosts and themes . This type of programming began in the late 1940s and continued into the late 1970s ; some shows continued into the 1990s . Author Tim Hollis documented about 1,400 local children 's shows in a 2002 book , Hi There , Boys and Girls ! The television programs typically aired in the weekday mornings before school or afternoons after school as well as on weekends ( to a lesser degree ) . There were different formats . Almost all shows had a colorful host who assumed a persona such as a cowboy/cowgirl , captain/skipper/commodore / admiral , jungle explorer , astronaut , king , princess , clown , sheriff/deputy/trooper , cop , firefighter , hobo/tramp , railroad engineer , magician , `` cousin '' , `` grandfather '' or `` uncle '' , whose role was not only to be the `` DJ '' for syndicated material ( typically cartoons , although westerns were more popular earlier on ) but also to entertain , often with a live television studio audience of kids , during breaks . Early program fare included cartoon favorites such as Koko the Clown , Daffy Duck , Crusader Rabbit , Dick Tracy , Popeye , Bugs Bunny , Rocky and Bullwinkle , Casper the Friendly Ghost , Mighty Mouse , Porky Pig , Deputy Dawg , Tin Tin , Mel-O-Toons , Woody Woodpecker , The Funny Company , Mr. Magoo , Space Angel and Clutch Cargo as well as movie shorts such as Laurel and Hardy , Our Gang/The Little Rascals and The Three Stooges and animated versions of Laurel and Hardy , Abbott and Costello and The Three Stooges and live action shorts such as Diver Dan . Some included educational segments like the portraits of wildlife in Nature 's Window .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f277de82a67c9867ca84cf27db82fe93", "text": "You and Me Kid You and Me , Kid is an American children 's television series which premiered on The Disney Channel on April 18 , 1983 . The series was hosted by Sonny Melendrez who was joined by the You and Me Players ( Toni Attell , Caleb Chung , Mitchell Young Evans , Gary Schwartz and Ricci Mann ) . Each show lasted approximately 30 minutes and was dedicated to building interactive skills between parents and their toddler children . The shows contained five segments : Let 's Go ! ( exercise skills ) You and Me Theater ( creative drama ) Famous and 1/2 ( celebrities and their children ) Ssh ! ( listening and observation skills ) Mime Your Own Business ( pantomime ) Its theme song Just You and Me , Kid was sung by Robin Frederick . The show ran for 130 episodes and reruns continued to air on the channel until September 29 , 1991 . Four VHS tapes were released by Walt Disney Home Video in the mid-1980s for the then new video home rental market . Each tape contained four episodes and have since become hard to find . In 1988 , a store with same name opened up at Disney Village Marketplace which sold children 's apparel , games and toys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edf1ea5fd897554c99346df98a15d604", "text": "Raven-Symoné discography The following is a discography for the American singer-songwriter Raven-Symoné . Raven began her career on The Cosby Show , and following the series ' finale she signed a record deal with MCA Records at the age of seven . In 1993 she released her debut album Here 's to New Dreams , which was preceded by her debut single `` That 's What Little Girls Are Made Of '' . The single charted at No. 68 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The album also produced the single `` Raven Is the Flavour '' ; however , the album failed to chart and led to Raven being dropped from MCA . In 1996 , Raven-Symoné and her father founded RayBlaze Records , in which she signed a distribution deal with Crash Records for her second album Undeniable , which was released in May 1999 . The album sold over 2,000 in US . The album yielded one single : a cover of Stevie Wonder 's `` With a Child 's Heart '' . To support the album Undeniable , she went on tour as the opening act for fellow Jive artist 'N Sync 's The 'N Sync Tour in 1998/1999 . In 2003 , Raven-Symoné starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie The Cheetah Girls , and the film 's soundtrack The Cheetah Girls debuted at No. 33 on the US Billboard 200 . The album was eventually certified double platinum by the RIAA for sales of over two million copies . In 2003 , the first season of Disney Channel Original Series That 's So Raven premiered , and the series ' soundtrack was released on May 18 , 2004 . It was later certified Gold by the RIAA for sales of 500,000 copies . Raven-Symoné signed a two-album record deal with Disney-owned label Hollywood Records and her third album This Is My Time was released on September 21 , 2004 , and charted at No. 51 on the Billboard 200 . The album produced singles `` Grazing in the Grass '' and `` Backflip '' . In 2006 Raven reprised her role as Gabriella in The Cheetah Girls 2 , and the soundtrack album The Cheetah Girls 2 was released the same year . The album charted at No. 5 in the United States and was certified platinum by the RIAA for sales of over one million copies . The second soundtrack of That 's So Raven , That 's So Raven Too was also released the same year , and produced the single `` Some Call It Magic '' . Symoné released her fourth studio album Raven-Symoné on April 29 , 2008 . The album charted at No. 159 on the Billboard 200 , and was preceded by the lead single , a cover of Frankie Smith 's `` Double Dutch Bus '' . On July 28 , 2008 , it was reported Raven-Symoné had officially been dropped by Hollywood Records due to low album sales and her tour struggling to sell tickets . A month later , Symoné expressed an interest in recording an album independently , as she did with her second album Undeniable , citing R&B as her musical direction : `` I did it on my second album -LSB- 1999 's `` Undeniable '' -RSB- and like it , '' she told Billboard.com . `` When you 're an independent you really do get full control . You get to do it how you want to do it and promote it how I want to promote it and sell it how I want to sell it . '' . In late 2009 , Raven-Symoné announced that she would return to the studio to record her fifth album . She said that the album would be `` R&B , most definitely ... with an alternative base for the lyrics '' . She said , `` It 's good to go out there and spread your wings and find new talent and work with people you have n't worked with before . I 'd love to find the next Timbaland or the next someone who 's coming up and no one really knows yet . At the same time , I 'd love to work with the Clutch and the J.A.M. again '' . In January 2011 , she told OnTheRedCarpet.com that she had been working on her fifth album . Da Beat Kadetz formerly known as The TriGz may be working on the project , with Manny Streetz ( from Da Beat Kadetz ) as executive producer . Raven-Symoné revealed to Billboard that she would like to work with Sean Garrett again and that it will be R&B with an `` alternative base for lyrics '' . In an interview with Broadway.com in March 2012 , she confirmed that she has no plans to release a new album , saying that she `` could n't quite get it together '' and that the music she had been working on `` was n't going to be something sellable . '' She added that the album `` might come later in life when I 'm able to say what I need to say . '' In September 2014 , Raven-Symoné announced via Facebook she had been considering making a return to music , and told fans to expect new releases in the near future .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0681c2a694ca75977a9654a12a50719", "text": "TeenNick TeenNick is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Nickelodeon Group , a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom . The channel features a mix of original programming , Nickelodeon-produced series , and acquired programs geared towards pre-teens and teenagers . The channel was originally known as TEENick from March 4 , 2001 ( when it originally launched as a program block on Nickelodeon ) to February 1 , 2009 , and The N from April 1 , 2002 , ( when it originally launched as a program block on Noggin ( now Nick Jr. ) ) to September 28 , 2009 . TeenNick 's name was taken from the former `` TEENick '' program block , which aired on parent channel Nickelodeon from 2001 to 2009 . As of February 2015 , TeenNick is available to approximately 72.3 million pay television households ( 62.1 % of households with television ) in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6288fee2bd1021cbd3c2016ba584e22", "text": "Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios may refer to : Walt Disney Studios ( division ) , the Walt Disney Company 's Studio Entertainment unit , which includes Disney 's motion picture studios , music labels , theatrical production company , and distribution companies . Walt Disney Studios ( Burbank ) , complex in Burbank , California , built in 1939 , which serves as the corporate headquarters for The Walt Disney Company . It is also a functioning film studio and hosts production facilities for Disney 's various entertainment businesses Walt Disney Animation Studios , the company 's main animation division . Animated films are released under the Walt Disney Pictures label Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , the primary theatrical film distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment , the primary home media distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6171ad9e66b5b119b5b4b469735fe8ca", "text": "The Walt Disney Company CIS The Walt Disney Company CIS , LLC is one of The Walt Disney Company 's international divisions . The Walt Disney Company CIS was founded in April 2006 . It is headquartered in Moscow , the capital of Russia . In 2007 , Walt Disney Company CIS and Sony Pictures Russia created the joint venture of Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing CIS . The company owns and operates Russian versions of Disney Channel and Playhouse Disney . Disney Channel was originally planned to launch in 2009 , but a Disney Americas deal with Media-One Holdings was denied by Russian authorities . The Walt Disney Company CIS produced the film The Book of Masters . Marina Zhigalova-Ozkan is head of The Walt Disney Company CIS . The Walt Disney Company CIS planned to make two new films in the summer of 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bcd8981b4da3f755518dc239f4f3d2d", "text": "Disney Channel (France) Disney Channel is the French language edition of the Disney Channel , owned by the Walt Disney Company . It was launched in March 1997 , primarily on the CanalSat platform .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c8104e1a9c19bcac31c4f0483930e40c	Major League Soccer is a sports league.	[ { "docid": "8d1b8cd5008b50ac041b0649e760c4fc", "text": "Major League Soccer Major League Soccer ( MLS ) is a men 's professional soccer league , sanctioned by U.S. Soccer , that represents the sport 's highest level in both the United States and Canada . MLS constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada . The league comprises 22 teams -- 19 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada . The MLS regular season runs from March to October , with each team playing 34 games ; the team with the best record is awarded the Supporters ' Shield . The postseason includes twelve teams competing in the MLS Cup Playoffs through November and December , culminating in the championship game , the MLS Cup . MLS teams also play in other domestic competitions against teams from other divisions in the U.S. Open Cup and in the Canadian Championship . MLS teams also compete against continental rivals in the CONCACAF Champions League . Major League Soccer was founded in 1993 as part of the United States ' successful bid to host the 1994 FIFA World Cup . The first season took place in 1996 with ten teams . MLS experienced financial and operational struggles in its first few years : The league lost millions of dollars , teams played in mostly empty American football stadiums , and two teams folded in 2002 . Since then , MLS has expanded to 22 teams , owners built soccer-specific stadiums , average MLS attendance exceeds that of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , MLS secured national TV contracts , and the league is now profitable . Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams , MLS is a single entity in which each team is owned and controlled by the league 's investors . The investor-operators control their teams as owners control teams in other leagues , and are commonly ( but inaccurately ) referred to as the team 's owners . The league has a fixed membership , like most sports leagues in the United States and Canada , which makes it one of the world 's few soccer leagues that does not use promotion and relegation , a practice that is uncommon in the two countries . MLS headquarters is located in New York City .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b502f99f2ee6312d5aa3dd9d6cabd4d6", "text": "American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football . American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d8fcb481712f12c3a140f312deb1719", "text": "Soccer Bowl 2014 Soccer Bowl 2014 was the North American Soccer League 's postseason championship match of the 2014 season to determine the NASL Champion . The event was contested in a one-game match between the San Antonio Scorpions ( Fall Season champions ) and the Fort Lauderdale Strikers . San Antonio defeated the New York Cosmos 2-1 in their semi-final match while Fort Lauderdale defeated Minnesota United FC ( Spring Season champions ) in a penalty shootout 5 -- 4 after a 1 -- 1 tie in the other semi-final game . The match was played on November 15 , 2014 at Toyota Field , in San Antonio , Texas and televised live on ESPN3 , ONE World Sports , NASLLive.com as well as on San Antonio 's MeTV KSAT 12.2 and Fort Lauderdale 's Sofloradio.com . This was the Scorpions first Soccer Bowl championship . The Soccer Bowl trophy is the third oldest men 's professional outdoor soccer league prize in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a14216623aa6775a17b2b2b97903e049", "text": "2012 Los Angeles Galaxy season The 2012 Los Angeles Galaxy season was the club 's 18th year of existence as well as their 17th season in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) and their 17th consecutive year in the top-flight of American soccer . The Galaxy entered the season as both the defending MLS Cup and Supporters ' Shield winners . The 2012 campaign was highlighted by the Galaxy successfully defending their MLS Cup title , defeating Houston Dynamo , 3 -- 1 , in the MLS Cup final to win their fourth ever MLS Cup championship , tying D.C. United for the most league championships in MLS history , and the second most in North American history . Although Los Angeles defended their MLS Cup trophy , the club failed to defend the Supporters ' Shield , losing on point differential to their upstate rivals , the San Jose Earthquakes on point total . Most of this is to blame due to poorer performance early on in the season , before a second-half season resurgence . Elsewhere , the Galaxy also competed in 2012 Desert Diamond Cup , winning the preseason tournament , the 2011 -- 12 and 2012 -- 13 CONCACAF Champions League , as well as the 2012 U.S. Open Cup . In the 2011 -- 12 edition of the Champions League , the Galaxy reached the quarterfinals before losing 4 -- 3 on aggregate to Canadian side , Toronto FC . In the 2012 -- 13 edition , the Galaxy won their group for the second straight year , and reached the knockout round , which will be played during the 2013 campaign . Finally , the Galaxy were eliminated in the third round proper of the Open Cup losing to second-tier North American Soccer League outfit , Carolina RailHawks . In noncompetitive tournaments , the Galaxy hosted Spanish club , Real Madrid , in the 2012 World Football Challenge , losing the exhibition match , 1 -- 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc50f8c791b7a63beecaacb1313ed5d0", "text": "CONCACAF The Confederation of North , Central America and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF , -LSB- ˈkɒn.kəkæf -RSB- ) is the continental governing body for association football in North America , that includes Central America and the Caribbean regions . Three South American entities -- the independent nations of Guyana and Suriname and the French department of French Guiana -- are also members . CONCACAF 's primary functions are to organize competitions for national teams and clubs , and to conduct Men 's World Cup and Women 's World Cup qualifying tournaments . CONCACAF was founded in its current form on 18 September 1961 in Mexico City , Mexico , with the merger of the NAFC and the CCCF , which made it one of the then five , now six continental confederations affiliated with FIFA . Canada , Costa Rica , Cuba , El Salvador , Guatemala , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Netherlands Antilles ( Curaçao ) , Nicaragua , Panama , Suriname and United States were founding members . CONCACAF is the third-most successful FIFA confederation . Mexico dominated CONCACAF men 's competition early on and has since won the most Gold Cups since the beginning of the tournament in its current format . The Mexican national team is the only CONCACAF team to win an official FIFA tournament by winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . They have also reached the Round of 16 for the past 6 World Cups . While the U.S. is the only country outside of Europe and South America to receive a medal in the World Cup , finishing third in 1930 , they also reached the 2002 World Cup quarterfinals and the 2009 Confederations Cup final . Between them , Mexico and the U.S. have won all but one of the editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup . In recent years Costa Rica has become a power in the region and in 2014 became the 4th CONCACAF country after the United States , Cuba , and Mexico to make the World Cup quarterfinals . The United States has been very successful in the women 's game , being the only CONCACAF member to win all three major worldwide competitions in women 's football -- the World Cup ( 3 ) , the Olympics ( 4 ) , and the Algarve Cup ( 10 ) . Canada is the only other member to win at least one of the major competitions , winning the Algarve Cup in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65392032384368ed2bc2b074dbcadeb4", "text": "Sports in Boston Boston , the capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and largest city in the New England region of the northeastern United States , is home to several major league sports teams , including the Red Sox ( baseball ) , the Celtics ( basketball ) and the Bruins ( ice hockey ) . The New England Patriots ( American football ) and the New England Revolution ( soccer ) play at Gillette Stadium in nearby Foxborough , Massachusetts . Several Boston-area colleges and universities are also active in college athletics . Sports are a major part of the city 's culture ( as well as the culture of the Greater Boston area ) . Boston sports fans are known for their fanatical devotion to the Red Sox and knowledge of the team 's history . Fenway Park , home of the Red Sox , is the oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) and holds a legendary status among baseball fans . Boston is the only city in professional sports in which all facilities are privately owned and operated . The Patriots own Gillette Stadium , the Red Sox own Fenway Park , and TD Garden is owned by Delaware North , owner of the Bruins . The Celtics rent TD Garden from Delaware North . In the 2000s , Boston 's professional teams had arguably the most successful decade in sports history , winning ten championships ( five by the Patriots , three by the Red Sox and one each by the Celtics and Bruins ) . When the Bruins won the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , the city of Boston became the first city in the 21st century to have all four of its major professional league teams win a league championship , and it is the only city ever to have championships in all four major professional leagues within a ten-year span ( from the Patriots ' victory in February 2002 to the Bruins ' in June 2011 ) . In just ten years , between February 2002 and June 2011 , Boston 's teams completed what Sports Illustrated dubbed as the `` Grand Slam of North American sports . '' With the Patriots ' victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX , the four major Boston-area sports teams completed a grand-slam in six years ( the 2008 Celtics , the 2011 Bruins , the 2013 Red Sox and the 2014 Patriots ) . Beyond that , several of the teams were league finalists : the Revolution four times , the Patriots twice and the Bruins and Celtics once apiece . With the Bruins reaching the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , this allowed Boston to join Philadelphia as being the only cities to have had all of their teams play in each of the four major North American professional sports leagues ' title rounds since 2000 , following the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI in 2002 , XXXVIII in 2004 , XXXIX in 2005 , XLII in 2008 , XLVI in 2012 , XLIX in 2015 , and LI in 2017 and winning all of them , except Super Bowl XLII and XLVI , the Red Sox winning World Series titles in ( ending the Curse of the Bambino ) , , and , and the Celtics in the NBA Finals in and and winning in 2008 . In addition , Boston beat out Philadelphia for playing in all of the `` big '' league championship rounds in the shortest time in the new millennium , as it took 9 years for Philadelphia to achieve this feat ; Boston needed only three years and eight months . From 2004 to 2015 , all four Boston major league teams have each reached the championship rounds two times or more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8973d90769d17303f824e4790a618748", "text": "Best MLS Player ESPY Award The Best MLS Player ESPY Award has been presented annually to the player , irrespective of nationality , adjudged to be the best in Major League Soccer in a given calendar year . Balloting for the award is conducted over the Internet by fans from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee . The ESPY Awards ceremony is conducted in July and awards conferred reflect performance and achievement over the twelve months previous to presentation , which period generally includes a portion of each of two MLS seasons . __ FORCETOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b0328798297f94c934ed06fc52d530a", "text": "Portland Timbers–Seattle Sounders rivalry The Portland -- Seattle rivalry is a soccer rivalry between the Portland Timbers and Seattle Sounders FC soccer teams . The rivalry pre-dates the current teams in both cities , back to the North American Soccer League days , and has since grown into one of the largest and most bitter rivalries in American soccer . The rivalry has spanned across several leagues including the USL First Division , A-League , NASL , and Major League Soccer . According to many players , the Seattle -- Portland rivalry is one of the only true derbies that is present in American soccer . Alan Hinton , a former English international and ex-Sounders coach , has compared the rivalry to those seen in the English Premier League . It is considered to be one of the most intense rivalries in the United States . Seattle and Portland have had rivalries based on various sports teams . A heated rivalry surrounded the Portland Buckaroos and Seattle Totems of the minor-league Western Hockey League in the 1960s . Later , some fans supported the Thunderbirds or Winterhawks hockey teams . This rivalry `` naturally translated into soccer '' according to one fan . The two cities also had a rivalry between the SuperSonics and Trail Blazers of the NBA , known as the `` Battle of I-5 '' , since both cities intersect on the freeway Interstate 5 . The rivalry continued until the SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a92821929c3e75308c671455ad220f11", "text": "Seattle Storm (soccer) Football Club Seattle Storm , also known as the F.C. Seattle Storm , was an American soccer team based in Seattle , Washington . F.C. Seattle was a `` super club '' created to provide Seattle players an opportunity to play at a higher level than the local recreational and semi-pro leagues . In addition to playing exhibition matches against top international teams , F.C. Seattle was a member of the short lived Western Soccer Alliance , was a founding member of the American Professional Soccer League and later spent three seasons in the Pacific Coast Soccer League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83fe59fc66f338546ea39fe3a58cddd1", "text": "Miami FC Miami FC is an American professional soccer team based in Miami , Florida . They began play in the North American Soccer League , the second tier of the American soccer pyramid , in the 2016 season . They play home games at Riccardo Silva Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfddb4e3fdf6832148e20910f95a2381", "text": "Cleveland Browns relocation controversy The Cleveland Browns relocation controversy , sometimes referred to by fans as `` The Move '' , was the decision by then-Browns owner Art Modell to move the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League ( NFL ) from its long-time home of Cleveland to Baltimore during the 1995 NFL season . Subsequent legal actions by the city of Cleveland and Browns season ticket holders led to a compromise that saw the Browns history , records , and intellectual property remain in Cleveland , while Modell was permitted to move to Baltimore and establish the Baltimore Ravens , who are officially regarded as a 1996 expansion team . The city of Cleveland agreed to demolish Cleveland Stadium and build a new stadium on the same site , and the NFL agreed to reactivate the Browns by the 1999 season through either an expansion draft or a relocated franchise . The Browns were officially reactivated in 1998 through the expansion process and resumed play in 1999 . The compromise between Cleveland , the NFL , and Modell was a first in North American professional sports . The compromise has been cited in other franchise moves and agreements , including those in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , National Hockey League ( NHL ) , Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , and Major League Baseball ( MLB ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9855389ac392527db9eff4dc16d6e01d", "text": "Marquee player A marquee player is an athlete who is considered exceptionally popular , skilled , or otherwise outstanding , especially in professional sports . Several sports leagues have specific definitions and rules regarding the designation and treatment of marquee players . In the Liga 1 of the Football Association of Indonesia each team is allowed to designate one marquee players . In the A-League of the Football Federation Australia each team is allowed to designate two marquee players whose salaries are exempted from the league 's salary cap . Similarly , in English Premiership rugby marquee players are excluded from salary cap constraints . The All India Football Federation requires each I-League team to feature one marquee player . The federation defines `` marquee players '' as foreign players who have represented their country in one of several international championships . Teams are also allowed to propose other skilled players for the designation.In ISL ( Indian Super League ) also there are marquee players . In World TeamTennis a marquee player is not required to play the entire season and is compensated on a per-match basis . Marquee players are drafted in a marquee draft prior to the roster draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bce1b667083d6009b553c8a254a9084d", "text": "Beach soccer Beach soccer , also known as beach football or beasal , is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand . The game emphasises skill , agility and shooting at goal . Whilst football has been played informally on beaches for many years , the introduction of beach soccer was an attempt to codify rules for the game . This was done in 1992 by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide , a company set up to develop the sport and is responsible for the majority of its tournaments to this day . This was a major foundation for what is now known as beach soccer and what has led to the sport rapidly growing in popularity . The irregularity of the soft-sand playing surface leads to a totally different style of play than is used in football , with a greater degree of improvisation . The compact field , much smaller than a normal football field , allows players to score from anywhere on the sand , leading to an average of sixty attempts at goal in a single game . With an average of scoring rate of one goal every three or four minutes , around eleven goals are scored in total during an average game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad16fbe9d758a69863def2b41dc6d528", "text": "National sport A national sport or national pastime is a sport or game that is considered to be an intrinsic part of the culture of a nation . Some sports are de facto ( not established by law ) national sports , as baseball is in the United States and cricket is in England , while others are de jure ( established by law ) national sports , as lacrosse and ice hockey are in Canada . These sports do not have to be necessarily the most played or most followed , which would be either association football , baseball or basketball in all but a few countries , but are widely considered to be important to the country or significant for its culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a6bde9eb3f45bd2b8e33ff3e13708f9", "text": "Futsal in the United States Futsal alongside soccer is growing rapidly in the United States ; the major professional league is Major League Futsal . Professional Futsal League is a rival promotion in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3374c533b1753354dd23db56f4f35d7", "text": "Designated Player Rule The Designated Player Rule , nicknamed the Beckham Rule , was adopted as part of the salary cap regulations of Major League Soccer for the 2007 season . The rule allows each MLS franchise to sign players that would be considered outside of the team 's salary cap ( either by offering the player higher wages or by paying a transfer fee for the player ) , allowing MLS teams to compete for star players in the international soccer market . Clubs have the option to use allocation money against a player 's contract , so to avoid a player with a Designated Player level salary using one of the club 's Designated Player slots . As of December 2015 , there have been 114 designated players in the MLS . The rule is informally named after David Beckham , in anticipation of MLS teams signing lucrative deals with internationally recognized players of Beckham 's caliber . Beckham was the first player signed under this rule , signing a five-year contract with the Los Angeles Galaxy with guaranteed annual salary of $ 6.5 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d9778a95152e98cf46ec236c8ac399d", "text": "MLS Cup '98 MLS Cup '98 was the final playoff match of the 1998 Major League Soccer season , the 3rd season of first-division professional soccer in the United States since the collapse of the original North American Soccer League . The match took place on Sunday , 25 October 1998 , at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California , between Chicago Fire Soccer Club and D.C. United . It was the third consecutive appearance in the MLS Cup final by D.C. United and the first appearance by an expansion club ( Chicago ) in the final . Chicago Fire won the match 2-0 , with goals from Jerzy Podbrożny and Diego Gutiérrez . In doing so , Chicago became the first expansion club to win MLS Cup , astonishingly in the team 's inaugural season . The win also completed a domestic double for the Fire , the first American club to win both a league championship and the U.S. Open Cup in a single season . DC in turn became the first team to reach three consecutive finals ( still standing as of date ) and the first club to fail to score . As the top two finishers in the MLS Cup Playoffs , both D.C. United and Chicago Fire earned the right to represent the United States in the 1999 CONCACAF Champions ' Cup . The clubs faced off once again in the third-place match of the continental tournament , almost a year after meeting in MLS Cup ' 98 . That game ended in a 2-2 draw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ffb388d67661bc579752cfb07a77db1", "text": "2014 Sporting Kansas City season The 2014 Sporting Kansas City season was the nineteenth season of the team 's existence in Major League Soccer and the fourth year played under the Sporting Kansas City moniker . Sporting Kansas City entered the season in the 2013 -- 14 CONCACAF Champions League championship stage for the first time in franchise history . Sporting Kansas City also entered the season as the defending MLS Cup champion , after beating Real Salt Lake in PKs in the MLS Cup 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11f5d5119161efdeaa68ef0140983a53", "text": "Fenway Sports Group Fenway Sports Group , LLC ( FSG ) , is an American sports investment company . It is the parent company of Major League Baseball 's Boston Red Sox and Premier League soccer club Liverpool F.C. FSG was founded in 2001 as New England Sports Ventures ( NESV ) when John W. Henry joined forces with Tom Werner , Les Otten , The New York Times Company , and other investors to successfully bid for the Red Sox . NESV formally announced its name change to Fenway Sports Group in March 2011 . In addition to owning the Red Sox and Liverpool F.C. , the Boston-based limited liability company also owns the home stadiums for both teams ( Fenway Park and Anfield ) and Fenway Sports Management ( which in turn owns the Salem Red Sox of the Class A Carolina League , a minor league baseball franchise ) , plus 80 % of the New England Sports Network ( NESN ) and 50 % of Roush Fenway Racing , with cars entered ( current as of 2015 season ) in the NASCAR Sprint Cup , NASCAR Xfinity and IMSA Sports Car racing competitions . In an April 2014 article in Forbes , senior editor Kurt Badenhausen called FSG `` the most sophisticated , synergistic player in the coming age of international sports conglomerates '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dea85997492c437b9f5fd608933f8424", "text": "List of Seattle Sounders FC seasons Seattle Sounders FC is a soccer team based in Seattle , Washington , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , the most senior soccer league in the United States . Sounders FC was established in 2007 as an MLS expansion team and began play in 2009 . In addition to the MLS regular season , Seattle also competes in the annual U.S. Open Cup tournament . Depending on the team 's performance in these two competitions , they may also qualify for the MLS Cup Playoffs in the same year and the CONCACAF Champions League the following year . The CONCACAF Champions League winner qualifies for the next FIFA Club World Cup . The Sounders won their first MLS Cup in 2016 , and have won the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup four times and the MLS Supporters ' Shield once , in 2014 . Having won six trophies , Seattle is the sixth most successful MLS club , and one of only two MLS clubs ( with Chicago Fire ) to win at least four U.S. Open Cups . Sigi Schmid was the club 's head coach from the inaugural season in 2009 to 2016 ; he was replaced by Brian Schmetzer , initially as interim coach and later as full head coach . The list covers the period from 2009 ( when the new club began play ) to the present day . It details the club 's achievements in senior league and cup competitions , the top scorers and the average attendance for each season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e6704d1b2408139f15541a2111a48b56	2001: A Space Odyssey was edited using the studio facilities of the MGM-British Studios.	[ { "docid": "27d198178276cdf2f38f0284f37e25b2", "text": "2001: A Space Odyssey (film) 2001 : A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science-fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick . The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke , partially inspired by Clarke 's short story `` The Sentinel '' . Clarke concurrently wrote the novel 2001 : A Space Odyssey , published soon after the film was released . The film follows a voyage to Jupiter with the sentient computer Hal after the discovery of a mysterious black monolith affecting human evolution . It deals with the themes of existentialism , human evolution , technology , artificial intelligence , and extraterrestrial life . It is noted for its scientifically accurate depiction of space flight , pioneering special effects , and ambiguous imagery . It uses sound and minimal dialogue in place of traditional narrative techniques ; the soundtrack consists of classical music such as Gayane Ballet Suite , The Blue Danube , Also sprach Zarathustra , and pieces from contemporary composer György Ligeti . 2001 : A Space Odyssey was financed and distributed by American studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , but it was filmed and edited almost entirely in England using the studio facilities of the MGM-British Studios and those of Shepperton Studios , mostly because of the availability of much larger sound stages than in the United States . Production was subcontracted to Kubrick 's production company , and care was taken that the film would be sufficiently British to qualify for subsidy from the Eady Levy . Kubrick had shot his previous two films in England and decided to settle there permanently during filming . 2001 : A Space Odyssey initially received mixed reactions from critics and audiences , but it garnered a cult following and slowly became the highest-grossing North American film of 1968 . It was nominated for four Academy Awards and received one for its visual effects . The sequel 2010 was released in 1984 , directed by Peter Hyams . Today , 2001 : A Space Odyssey is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made . In 1991 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . The critics ' polls in the 2002 and 2012 editions of Sight & Sound magazine ranked 2001 : A Space Odyssey sixth in the top ten films of all time ; it also tied for second place in the directors ' poll of the same magazine . In 2010 , it was named the greatest film of all time by The Moving Arts Film Journal .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f1fb19dc6cf7273706e92ea62b484868", "text": "Gerry Anderson Gerry Anderson , MBE ( born Gerald Alexander Abrahams ; 14 April 1929 -- 26 December 2012 ) was an English television and film producer , director , writer and occasional voice artist . He remains famous for his futuristic television programmes , especially his 1960s productions filmed with `` Supermarionation '' ( marionette puppets containing electric moving parts ) . Anderson 's first television production was the 1957 Roberta Leigh children 's series The Adventures of Twizzle . Supercar ( 1961 -- 62 ) and Fireball XL5 ( 1962 ) followed later , both series breaking into the US television market in the early 1960s . In the mid-1960s Anderson produced his most successful series , Thunderbirds . Other television productions of the 1960s include Stingray and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons . Anderson also wrote and produced several feature films whose box office performance was unexceptional . Following a shift towards live action productions in the 1970s , he had a long and successful association with media impresario Lew Grade and Grade 's company ITC , continuing until the second series of Space : 1999 . After a career lull when a number of new series concepts failed to get off the ground , his career began a new phase in the early 1980s when audience nostalgia for his earlier Supermarionation series ( prompted by Saturday morning re-runs in Britain and Australia ) led to new Anderson productions being commissioned . Later projects include a 2005 CGI remake of Captain Scarlet entitled Gerry Anderson 's New Captain Scarlet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a555543bd4385eb8516cdf76fa407514", "text": "Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe826812c3735989c6311210163b868d", "text": "Motion Picture Editors Guild The Motion Picture Editors Guild ( MPEG ) is the guild that represents freelance and staff motion picture film and television editors and other post-production professionals and story analysts throughout the United States . The Motion Picture Editors Guild ( Union Local 700 ) is a part of the 500 affiliated local unions of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees ( IATSE ) , a national labor organization with 104,000-plus members . There are more than 6,000 members of the Editors Guild . The MPEG negotiates collective bargaining agreements ( union contracts ) with producers and major motion picture movie studios and enforces existing agreements with employers involved in post-production . The MPEG provides assistance for securing better working conditions , including but salary , medical benefits , safety ( particularly `` turnaround time '' ) and artistic ( assignment of credit ) concerns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb949a360d6ffbbc076980cfe0af9976", "text": "A Place to Stand (film) A Place to Stand is a 1967 film produced and edited by the Canadian artist and filmmaker Christopher Chapman for the Ontario pavilion at Expo 67 in Montréal , Québec , Canada . For the film , he pioneered the concept of moving panes , of moving images , within the single context of the screen . At times there are 15 separate images moving at once . This technique , which he dubbed `` multi-dynamic image technique '' has since been employed in many films , notably Norman Jewison 's 1968 film The Thomas Crown Affair . Mr. Jewison has credited Mr. Chapman as the creator of the edit style . The technique can also be seen on television in the series 24 . It is said that most of the editing decisions were worked out in an accountant 's spreadsheet book and the pencil edit plan resembled flow charts . Chapman has said that at one point in the editing process he stood there in the room , bits of footage hanging from clips all around him . He felt crushed by the force of his vision and he was a breath away from quitting . Even at the first screening , Chapman was exhausted and unsure but as he left the room , Steve McQueen watching at the back , grabbed Chapman and told him that he was blown away by the film . The 18-minute film used 70mm stock and was projected onto a 66 by 30 foot screen . It contains no dialogue , but only music by a 45-member orchestra and a 15-member choir . Its theme song , `` A Place to Stand , a Place to Grow '' , written by Dolores Claman and Richard Morris , and orchestrated by Jerry Toth , enjoyed great popularity on its own . Commissioned by the Ontario Department of Economics and Development from the Toronto commercial design studio TDF and premiered at the Expo 67 Ontario Pavilion on April 28 , 1967 , it was seen by some two million at Expo 67 itself and later by a further estimated 100 million in North America and Europe in cinema release . It was nominated for an Academy Award in two categories : Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Live Action Short Subject . It won the latter prize , which Chapman accepted on April 10 , 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01f2b5cafa1579f340ac59c16b4c3ef3", "text": "British and Dominions Imperial Studios British and Dominions Imperial Studios was a short-lived British film production company located at Imperial Place , Elstree Way , Borehamwood , Hertfordshire that was active from 1929 to 1936 , when it ceased production when the studio facilities were destroyed by fire . British and Dominion Imperial was a successor to British National Pictures , which began operations in 1925 and was taken over by British International Pictures in 1927 . In the horizontal integration industrial production paradigm that characterized the motion picture industry before the Great Depression , British and Dominion Imperial was incorporated for the purpose of physically producing sound films , and the new studio at Borehamwood was the first purpose-built sound studio in Europe . Blackmail ( 1929 ) , directed by Alfred Hitchcock and the first British talkie , was made at the facility by the company . Other filmmakers who worked for British and Dominions Imperial included producer Anthony Havelock-Allan , who made Lancashire Luck ( 1937 ) there . Alexander Korda 's London Films produced The Private Life of Henry VIII , which featured an Oscar-winning performance by Charles Laughton , at British and Dominion Imperial . The studio was destroyed by fire on 9 February 1936 . The Herbert Wilcox production London Melody ( 1937 ) had to be completed at Pinewood Studios . In 1996 , a plaque was placed at the location of the former studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74247d4a5f60f7cdf79c05ddc2b6e8bb", "text": "Studio 2000 Studio 2000 was a gay pornographic film studio based in San Francisco , California . It was founded in 1992 by producer Scott Masters and director John Travis . It was then owned by two former Falcon Entertainment executives who purchased the studio in April 2006 upon the retirement of Masters and Travis . AEBN acquired the studio in 2011 and currently owns it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79757eabbfea2de203a8d5629ea0df16", "text": "Liberty Studios Liberty Studios is the longest-running production house in continuous operation in New York City producing films , video , advertising and e-commerce productions . The studio was founded in 1963 by Anthony Lover . Liberty Studios has received both Emmy and Academy Award nominations . Liberty 's most notable creation is HBO 's program opening sequence `` HBO in Space '' . The studio has created and produced numerous award-winning television commercials , Broadway promotions , pro bono public service announcements , music videos and feature films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac266bc8a1c71a7b9a42f4f2b8f2482a", "text": "Muriel Box Muriel Box ( 22 September 1905 -- 18 May 1991 ) was an Oscar-winning English screenwriter and director . She was born Violette Muriel Baker in Tolworth , Surrey , England in 1905 . When her attempts at acting and dancing proved to be unsuccessful , she accepted work as a continuity girl for British International Pictures . In 1935 , she met and married journalist Sydney Box , with whom she collaborated on nearly forty plays with mainly female roles for amateur theatre groups . Their production company , Verity Films , first released short propaganda films , including The English Inn ( 1941 ) , her first directing effort , after which it branched into fiction . The couple achieved their greatest joint success with The Seventh Veil ( 1945 ) for which they gained the Academy Award for Best Writing , Original Screenplay in the following year . After the war , the Rank Organisation hired her husband to head Gainsborough Pictures , where she was in charge of the scenario department , writing scripts for a number of light comedies , including two for child star Petula Clark , Easy Money and Here Come the Huggetts ( both 1948 ) . She occasionally assisted as a dialogue director , or re-shot scenes during post-production . Her extensive work on The Lost People ( 1949 ) gained her a credit as co-director , her first for a full-length feature . In 1951 , her husband created London Independent Producers , allowing Box more opportunities to direct . Many of her early films were adaptations of plays , and as such had a stage-bound feel , since she rarely shot on location . They were noteworthy more for their strong performances than they were for a distinctive directorial style . She favoured scripts with topical and frequently controversial themes , including Irish politics , teenage sex , abortion , illegitimacy , and syphilis , and several of her films were banned by local authorities . She pursued her favorite subject -- the female experience -- in a number of films , including Street Corner ( 1953 ) about women police officers , Somerset Maugham 's The Beachcomber ( 1954 ) , with Donald Sinden and Glynis Johns as a resourceful missionary , again working with Donald Sinden on Eyewitness ( 1956 ) and a series of comedies about the battle of the sexes , including The Passionate Stranger ( 1957 ) , The Truth About Women ( 1958 ) and her final film , Rattle of a Simple Man ( 1964 ) . Box often experienced prejudice in a male-dominated industry , especially hurtful when perpetrated by another female . In 1950 , Jean Simmons had her replaced on So Long at the Fair , and Kay Kendall unsuccessfully attempted to do the same with Simon and Laura ( 1955 ) . Many producers questioned her competence to direct large-scale feature films , and while the press was quick to note her position as one of very few women directors in the British film industry , their tone tended to be condescending rather than filled with praise . She left film-making to write novels and created a successful publishing house , Femina , which proved to be a rewarding outlet for her feminism . She divorced Sydney Box in 1969 . The following year , she married Gerald Gardiner , who had been Lord Chancellor . She died in Hendon , London in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a3e9100c60dbc2935a79ff28d0f3e5a", "text": "Radio Recorders Radio Recorders , Inc. located at 7000 Santa Monica Boulevard , was a recording studio based in Los Angeles , California . Many notable musicians are reported to have been recorded in the studio include Billie Holiday , Charlie Parker , Jimmie Rodgers , Louis Armstrong , Mario Lanza , Elvis Presley , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Zappa , Paul Frees and The Carpenters among others . In its prime , the studio was known as the best recording facility in Los Angeles . During the forties and fifties , Radio Recorders was responsible for recording countless radio shows , both network and local , for delayed broadcast , not always for California , but for many western states . Telephone lines ran to all the important stations and the networks . Studio C was the nerve center with at least six recording lathes and turntables and an `` on-the-air '' playback turntable protected by a railing so that it would not be bumped while it was playing a program onto the air . The recording lathes were shock mounted in sand to prevent rumble from the street cars on Santa Monica Boulevard . For much of that era , the recordings were made and played back on lacquer coated aluminum discs , before tape recording was introduced . The room could handle several programs at once , 24 hours a day , and quite often a single engineer on duty would have his hands full . Most of the major labels used Radio Recorders well into the 1960s . Columbia , RCA Victor , Capitol , and Decca ultimately had their own facilities , but Radio Recorders was still the choice of many independent labels and both popular and classical artists , from Stravinsky to Elvis . In addition , most of the jingles were recorded there . In 1962 H.B. Barnum and Bill Aken chose the annex to record their big band version of ` Goody , Goody '' for Governor Goodwin J. ( Goodie ) Knight 's re-election campaign . Additionally in 1962 Bill Aken would record the classic ` Theme For Shock Theater , ' again with engineer Phil Yeend working the board . The main location at 7000 Santa Monica had two large studios and some smaller ones , as well as disc mastering facilities . In 1946 , the company remodeled a warehouse at 1032 North Sycamore Avenue and built a large studio , capable of handling approximately fifty musicians . This studio was known as Radio Recorders Annex , or , within the industry , just `` The Annex . '' The warehouse originally belonged to RCA Victor and `` the Annex '' was a legendary studio that Victor had built in their warehouse back in the ` 30 's . In 1965 , Radio Recorders ' star engineer , Thorne Nogar , purchased The Annex and started his own independent Annex Studios , which attracted a distinguished clientele as a full service studio , including mastering . For many years , Lawrence Welk pre-recorded the music for his popular television show , becoming the most important client ; in addition , in the 1960s and 1970s Annex mastered for such labels as Uni Records , Dot Records and Ranwood Records , as well as cutting early pressings of Barbra Streisand 's hit single `` The Way We Were . '' The Annex 's location now houses The Record Plant Studios . In the late 1980 's the studio was reopened as Studio 56 by Paul Shwartz . At that time bands such as Guns & Roses , Sugar Ray , Toni Braxton , Brandy , No Doubt and others recorded there . The documentary `` Standing in the Shadows of Motown '' was also partially filmed there . Kenneth Crouh , Keith Crouch and Leon Sylvers were all house producers there at that time . In 2002 the studio gained two new partners Pride Hutchison and Michael Dumas . The studio was then brought back to business under its original name Radio Recorders , and they enlisted the help of longtime friends Jordan Winsen and Steve Loiacano as their staff second engineers . Tom O'Brien , who was working for Schwartz , was kept on as chief engineer . In 2004 the property was declared a historic attraction but never achieved official landmark status by the city of Los Angeles . From 2002 to 2008 the studio welcomed many great projects and clients including Natalie Cole , Dwight Yoakum , Lucinda Williams , Lil ' John , Exzihbit , Annie Lennox and many more ... The facility closed again in 2008 a midst a fraud dispute between Hutchison , Dumas and Shwartz , Silent owners seeking to save the building and real estate property flipper David Bennet . In the end the building was sold in bankruptcy court . Shwartz was left broke , betrayed and feeling blindly used . With lack of capital to fight and overturn the courts decision , the silent owners were left with no moves and the legendary Radio Recorders building was gutted and demolished from the inside . The story as it goes from the inside supposedly is : Schwartz had a partner before Dumas and Hutchison who passed away and with him likely many of the studios strongest contracts . Under Schwartz mismanagement the studio struggled and subsequently defaulted on all financial obligations . Hutchinson and Dumas than found Schwartz in a vulnerable position and for a total sum if 50-60k each ( 100k ) Schwartz agreed to partner with them . It is unclear whether they were ever added to the deed or if this money ever went to debts . Its also rumored that during the period of their partnership many raves were held in soundstage studio E ( dubbed so for Elvis ) and rampant drug abuse took place and continued among the partners . It is known that methamphetamine was found in the cupboards of the studio kitchen shortly after Schwartz and that his behavior was often erratic . What than takes place is a battle for property rights among all involved both the silent partner and David Bennet claiming they paid Schwartz a sum of money for his rights . One side is that a late night meeting took place with notary a menial fee was given to Schwartz and he gave his rights . The other side is David Bennet provided compensation to both Dumas and Hutchison in excess of 50k each for their investment as well as 100k to Schwartz in return for all of their rights . The problem for Bennet being a flipper was that currently each studio was occupied by a tenant and this other silent partner was laying claim . He proceeded to systematically attempt to forge alliances under the false premises that all who helped would bennifit either from the sale / that he would n't sell the building and had no intention of gutting it but rather would maintain it as a studio/That he would sell the property atca fair price to a tenant if they helped him and could raise the capital in a small window . . Supposedly this stipulation was met and Bennet than backed out on his agreement . Hutchison and Dumas were the first to go followed by others . All gear by this point including the piano axel rose recorded November rain with was liquidated and only one studio operated in the building . When Bennet backed out of his deal ( or perhaps the money was never actually raised ) the fight for ownership intensified . Reportedly glass doors were shatterd having had the hinge pins pulled from them and orange Xs were spray painted on other wooden doors of vacant rooms when no one was around . While the silent partner and tenant had teamed up . The results were the same radio recorders studios shut its doors September 2009 . Sleepy Brown of Organized Noise would be the last artist to produce a record in the building . Despite Bennett 's best assurances the studios would all be gutted turned into accounting offices sadly only to become owned by a studio company againv . Schwartz sadly would take his own life.Today the space is used for art exhibits . In 2010 the property was once again sold and is now part of the Siren Production Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83ff0526c7dba12a302a6e88f124aa57", "text": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ( SMPTE ( -LSB- ˈsɪmptiː -RSB- , rarely -LSB- ˈsʌmptiː -RSB- ) , founded in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE , is an international professional association , based in the United States of America , of engineers working in the motion imaging industries . An internationally recognized standards organizations , SMPTE has more than 600 Standards , Recommended Practices , and Engineering Guidelines for television production , filmmaking , digital cinema , audio recording , information technology , and medical imaging . In addition to development and publication of technical standard documents , SMPTE publishes the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal , provides networking opportunities for its members , produces academic conferences and exhibitions , and performs other industry-related functions . SMPTE Membership is open to any individual or organization with interest in the subject matter . SMPTE standards documents are copyrighted and may be purchased from the SMPTE website , or other distributors of technical standards . Standard documents may be purchased by the general public . Significant standards promulgated by SMPTE include : All film and television transmission formats and media , including digital . Physical interfaces for transmission of television signals and related data ( such as SMPTE time code and the Serial Digital Interface ) ( SDI ) SMPTE color bars Test card patterns and other diagnostic tools The Material eXchange Format , or MXF SMPTE 's educational and professional development activities include technical presentations at regular meetings of its local Sections , annual and biennial conferences in the US and Australia and the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal . The society sponsors many awards , the oldest of which are the SMPTE Progress Medal , the Samuel Warner Memorial Medal , and the David Sarnoff Medal . SMPTE also has a number of student Chapters and sponsors scholarships for college students in the motion imaging disciplines . Related organizations include National Television System Committee ( NTSC ) Moving Picture Experts Group ( MPEG ) ITU Radiocommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCIR ) ITU Telecommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCITT ) Digital Video Broadcasting BBC Research Department European Broadcasting Union ( EBU )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fadccb571e7a164e402b1eabbb9b82b", "text": "Odyssey Productions Odyssey Productions ( formerly Odyssey Visual Design ) is the former name of a California-based photography and 3-D computer animation company founded in 1983 by Steven Churchill in partnership with Adrian Turcotte . It was the first San Diego company to produce 3-D computer animation and its clients have included Coca-Cola , General Dynamics , Union Oil , Southwestern Cable , Metrocast , Honda , and a number of TV stations across the country . While Odyssey focused primarily on 35mm back-lit motion graphics and special effects for the first 5 years of its existence , its award-winning release of the world 's first home entertainment video of computer animation , State Of the Art Of Computer Animation in 1988 brought about a shift in focus to 3D computer animation . The accolades and sales successes achieved by State Of the Art Of Computer Animation prompted the 1990 release of The Mind 's Eye : A Computer Animation Odyssey , a title that would become the first member of the successful The Mind 's Eye series . The next decade ( 1990 -- 2000 ) would be taken up almost entirely with the production of 19 feature-length 3-D computer animated package films for home release . The company 's name became Odyssey Productions in 1995 and the last 12 3D computer animated films were released under this name . In 2003 the company again changed its name to AnimationTrip and broadened its focus to encompass photography to a greater extent . Under this new corporate name , the company added a business enterprise in 2004 focused primarily on photographic art and has launched a series of international art exhibitions in San Diego , California called the Art of Photography Show and the Art of Digital Show . Since 2006 , exhibiting photographic art and promoting photo artists has been the full focus of the business . In 2010 the company was named PhotoCulture , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "048998534d17fc08472e6a2f36c6b9c2", "text": "Film and Music Entertainment Film and Music Entertainment is a British film production company based in London UK . The company was founded by Mike Downey and Sam Taylor in 2000 and has since produced films such as Guy X and Deathwatch to name a few .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d7481e4d842f3fe073d2b72ce24ab3f", "text": "Walton Studios Walton Studios ( previously named Hepworth Studios and Nettlefold Studios ) , was a film production studio situated in Walton-on-Thames , in the county of Surrey , in England . The decline of the British cinematic production industry in the mid-20th Century led to a decline in work for the facility , and after failing to financially survive as a television production outlet it was closed in 1961 . The Studio was subsequently demolished and the land sold for house building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1b2980625cf400259f4c4e0bac5953", "text": "The Lost Worlds of 2001 The Lost Worlds of 2001 is a 1972 book by Arthur C. Clarke , published by Signet as an accompaniment to the novel 2001 : A Space Odyssey . The book itself consists in part of behind-the-scenes notes from Clarke concerning scriptwriting ( and rewriting ) , as well as production issues . The core of the book , however , is contained in excerpts from the proto-novel and an early screenplay that did not make it into the final version . Alternative settings for launch preparation , the EVA scene where astronaut Frank Poole is lost , and varying dialogues concerning the HAL 9000 unit are all featured in the book . Also included is the original short story `` The Sentinel '' upon which 2001 is loosely based .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "383bd34e66ef3baafab261e30cb49dcc", "text": "Peter Pitt Peter Pitt is a British film editor .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0af7bb1f1ea5437487baba37021c626b	Al Gore is a former United States President.	[ { "docid": "a48ef4d65f7319b7e1ea5dbc9cc1b807", "text": "Al Gore Albert Arnold Gore Jr. ( born March 31 , 1948 ) is an American politician and environmentalist who served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton . He was Clinton 's running mate in their successful campaign in 1992 , and was re-elected in 1996 . At the end of Clinton 's second term , Gore was picked as the Democratic nominee for the 2000 presidential election . After leaving office , Gore remained prominent as an author and environmental activist , whose work in climate change activism earned him ( jointly with the IPCC ) the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 . Gore was an elected official for 24 years . He was a Congressman from Tennessee ( 1977 -- 85 ) and from 1985 to 1993 served as one of the state 's Senators . He served as Vice President during the Clinton administration from 1993 to 2001 . In the 2000 presidential election , in what was one of the closest presidential races in history , Gore won the popular vote but lost in the Electoral College to Republican George W. Bush . A controversial election dispute over a vote recount in Florida was settled by the U.S. Supreme Court , which ruled 5 -- 4 in favor of Bush . Gore is the founder and current chair of the Alliance for Climate Protection , the co-founder and chair of Generation Investment Management and the now-defunct Current TV network , a member of the Board of Directors of Apple Inc. , and a senior adviser to Google . Gore is also a partner in the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers , heading its climate change solutions group . He has served as a visiting professor at Middle Tennessee State University , Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism , Fisk University , and the University of California , Los Angeles . He served on the Board of Directors of World Resources Institute . Gore has received a number of awards including the Nobel Peace Prize ( joint award with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2007 ) , a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album ( 2009 ) for his book An Inconvenient Truth , a Primetime Emmy Award for Current TV ( 2007 ) , and a Webby Award ( 2005 ) . Gore was also the subject of the Academy Award-winning ( 2007 ) documentary An Inconvenient Truth in 2006 . In 2007 , he was named a runner-up for Time 2007 Person of the Year .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ba7415e4b170e3e25800b03bd594eb0d", "text": "First inauguration of Bill Clinton The first inauguration of Bill Clinton as the 42nd President of the United States was held on January 20 , 1993 on the West Front of the United States Capitol Building in Washington , D.C. . The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Bill Clinton as President and Al Gore as Vice President . At of age time of his first inauguration , Clinton was the third-youngest person to become president , and the first from the Baby Boomer generation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3f0e7b8a043a182a00d8589979e4cfb", "text": "Dayo Gore Dayo Gore ( Dayo F. Gore ) is an African-American feminist scholar , former fellow of Harvard 's Warren Center for North American History , formerly employed as Assistant Professor of History and of Women 's Studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst , Gore is currently Associate Professor in the Department of Ethnic Studies at University of California , San Diego . Gore is one of a new generation of young scholars active in preserving and exploring the infrequently chronicled history of 20th-century black women 's radicalism , in the US and beyond . Along with Jeanne Theoharis and Komozi Woodard , Gore edited a collection of essays Want to Start A Revolution ? Radical Women In The Black Freedom Struggle ( NYU Press , 2009 ) , to which she contributed the chapter `` From Communist Politics to Black Power : The Visionary Politics and Transnational Solidarities of Victoria Ama Garvin '' . Ernesto Aguilar in Political Media Review summed up the importance of Want to Start A Revolution ? and similar work in forging connections between radical and progressive scholars and activism : Feminist Review found the anthology also illuminating about the history of intersectionality as more than merely an academic method of analysis but as the theoretical and existential core of a radical praxis : Gore 's book Radicalism at the Crossroads : African American Women Activists in the Cold War , was published by NYU Press in 2011 . It expands the author 's project to recuperate the voices and histories of radical black women in the US in the early Cold War era , and their militancy which produced the pre-history of the better-remembered civil rights and feminist/women 's movements . Vicki Garvin is again highlighted alongside other unjustly forgotten women such as Thelma Dale , Beah Richards , and the communist leader Claudia Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bfe2300524206996f288c1d8bf471d5", "text": "United States vice-presidential debate, 1992 The 1992 vice-presidential debate was part of the 1992 presidential election . The participants were Democratic nominee , Bill Clinton 's running mate , U.S. Senator Al Gore from Tennessee ; Ross Perot 's running mate , retired Vice Admiral James Stockdale ; and Republican candidate , incumbent Vice President Dan Quayle . It was held on Tuesday , October 13 , 1992 . The debate was held at Georgia Tech in Atlanta , Georgia . Hal Bruno of ABC News served as moderator . Stockdale , Perot 's running mate , became an object of ridicule afterwards including being lampooned on Saturday Night Live . Stockdale often seemed confused and disoriented ; at one point he asked that a question be repeated because his hearing aid was not on . At another point when asked about abortion , Stockdale merely said `` What a woman does with her body is her business period '' . However , it should be pointed out that Stockdale only had one week to prepare for the debate and had not discussed any of the issues with Perot beforehand . At one point , when Quayle and Gore were squabbling back and forth , Stockdale said , `` I think you can see why this country is in gridlock '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27b516a07e60c80bacc40d9851abc89a", "text": "United States presidential election in Nebraska, 1992 The 1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 3 , 1992 , as part of the 1992 United States presidential election . Voters chose five representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Nebraska was won by incumbent President George H.W. Bush ( R-Texas ) with 46.58 % of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton ( D-Arkansas ) with 29.40 % . Businessman Ross Perot ( I-Texas ) finished in third with 23.63 % of the popular vote . Clinton ultimately won the national vote , defeating both incumbent President Bush and Perot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3902b51675348828c0efec1fa040ef7d", "text": "President's Call to Service Award The President 's Call to Service Award is awarded by the President of the United States to people who have completed more than 4,000 hours of community service . It is the highest level of the President 's Volunteer Service Award . The President 's Council on Service and Civic Participation , which administers the award , was established within the Corporation for National and Community Service through a 2003 executive order by President George W. Bush . The President 's Volunteer Service Award ( PVSA ) is the premier volunteer awards program , encouraging citizens to live a life of service through presidential gratitude and national recognition . The award is offered is four categories depending on amount of service , including Bronze , Silver , Gold and the `` President 's Call to Service Award '' ( referred to as the `` President 's Lifetime Achievement Award '' ) . Depending on the level of service , awardees may receive a personalized certificate , an official pin , medallion , and/or a congratulatory letter from the President .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c798ee8225f79ab7b53d30338c4c95ad", "text": "United States presidential election, 1992 The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election . It was held on Tuesday , November 3 , 1992 . There were three major candidates : Incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush , Democratic Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton , and independent Texas businessman Ross Perot . Bush had alienated much of his conservative base by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes . The economy was in recession and Bush 's perceived greatest strength , foreign policy , was regarded as much less important following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War . Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote , and a wide Electoral College margin . The election was a significant realigning election after three consecutive Republican landslides . Northeastern , Upper Midwest , and West Coast states which had previously been competitive began voting reliably Democratic . As of 2016 , this is the most recent election in which an incumbent president was unseated , the previous one having been the 1980 election in which Ronald Reagan unseated then-incumbent Jimmy Carter . Perot 's campaign took 18.9 % of the vote , finishing second in Maine and Utah . This was noted for being the highest vote share of a third-party candidate since 1912 , though he did not obtain any electoral votes . As of 2017 , this is the last time Georgia and Montana voted for the Democratic candidate , and the last time the state of Florida was on the losing end of the presidential election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd1e3674708129b1aa0f17e0bbee1c4", "text": "United States presidential election in Arizona, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 6 , 1984 . All fifty states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1984 United States presidential election . Arizona voters chose seven electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President of the United States . Arizona was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California , who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Reagan ran for a second time with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas , and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York , the first major female candidate for the Vice-Presidency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ab80231dad6602ea3fa0a85da046849", "text": "Al Smith Alfred Emanuel `` Al '' Smith ( December 30 , 1873 -- October 4 , 1944 ) was an American statesman who was elected Governor of New York four times and was the Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928 . Smith was the foremost urban leader of the Efficiency Movement in the United States and was noted for achieving a wide range of reforms as governor in the 1920s . The son of an Irish-American mother and a Civil War veteran father , he was raised in the Lower East Side of Manhattan near the Brooklyn Bridge , where resided for his entire life . Like many other New York politicians of his era , he was also linked to the notorious Tammany Hall political machine that controlled New York City 's politics , although he remained personally untarnished by corruption . Smith was a strong opponent of Prohibition , which he did not think could be enforced , and viewed it as an over-extension of the government 's constitutional power . He was also the first Catholic nominee for President . His candidacy mobilized Catholic votes , especially from women , who had only recently received federal suffrage . It also brought out the anti-Catholic vote , which was especially strong among white conservative Democrats in the South , although Smith was still successful within the states of the traditional Deep South . As a committed `` wet , '' or anti-Prohibition , candidate , Smith attracted not only drinkers but also voters angered by the corruption and lawlessness that developed alongside prohibition . Many Protestants feared his candidacy , including German Lutherans and Southern Baptists , believing that the Catholic Church and the Pope would dictate his policies . Most importantly , this was a time of national prosperity under a Republican White House . Smith lost in a landslide to Republican Herbert Hoover , who gained electoral support from six southern states . Four years later Smith sought the 1932 nomination but was defeated by Franklin D. Roosevelt , his former ally and successor as Governor of New York . Smith entered business in New York City and became an increasingly vocal opponent of Roosevelt 's New Deal , believing that its true agenda was to make the American people less `` self-reliant and independent . '' He ultimately went on to support Republican nominees Alf Landon in the 1936 presidential election and Wendell Willkie in the 1940 presidential election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "573d9b24e8cb9d8347ef5de04bef6cac", "text": "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda , California . It was founded in the late 1980s by Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years . Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration , which is an entity of the federal government of the United States , in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities . The Nixon Foundation founded , controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library 's dedication on July 19 , 1990 until July 11 , 2007 , at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control . The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library , welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries . This move allowed President Nixon 's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda . The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors , led by former Nixon White House Director of Presidential Advance Ronald H. Walker . The board includes President Nixon 's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower , his brother Edward Nixon , former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson , and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez , Jr. . The Foundation 's President and CEO is William Baribault . The Foundation has hosted United States presidents , first ladies and several vice presidents . Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly , academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin , and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer . The library includes `` Meet the Presidents , '' in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Nixon Foundation brought 16 tons of warped steel from the World Trade Center and a damaged , first-responder FDNY firetruck to the Nixon Library for viewing . Before the National Archives took over its management , the Nixon Library had been accused by several media outlets of glossing over Nixon 's 1974 resignation with `` whitewashed '' exhibits . In 2007 , the National Archives removed the 17 year old Watergate exhibit and , after three years , the new exhibit was scheduled to open in July 2010 . The Nixon Foundation objected to the proposed exhibit , because the Nixon Foundation was not consulted in the way that other presidential foundations had been consulted with similar situations . The Foundation filed a 158 page memorandum to the Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries expressing their dissatisfaction and NARA stated a committee would review the objection but gave no timeline for when that process would be concluded . The exhibit opened on March 31 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53f27b00d10d88c30a227b3d82e16421", "text": "Unitary executive theory The unitary executive theory is a theory of American constitutional law holding that the President possesses the power to control the entire executive branch . The doctrine is rooted in Article Two of the United States Constitution , which vests `` the executive power '' of the United States in the President . Although that general principle is widely accepted , there is disagreement about the strength and scope of the doctrine . It can be said that some favor a `` strongly unitary '' executive , while others favor a `` weakly unitary '' executive . The former group argue , for example , that Congress 's power to interfere with intra-executive decision-making ( such as firing executive branch officials ) is limited , and that the President can control policy-making by all executive agencies within the limits set for those agencies by Congress . Still others agree that the Constitution requires a unitary executive , but believe this to be a bad thing , and propose its abolition by constitutional amendment . In several states , in contrast to the federal government , executive officers such as lieutenant governor , attorney general , comptroller , secretary of state and others are elected independently of the state 's governor , with Texas being one example . This type of executive structure is known as a plural executive . Another type of plural executive , used in Japan , Israel , and Sweden , though not in any U.S. state , in which a collegial body comprises the executive branch - however , that collegial body does not comprise multiple members elected in elections , but is rather more akin to the US Cabinet in formation and structure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed6500caf6f27d287848912d3ce8fcaf", "text": "World Freedom Day (United States) World Freedom Day is a United States federal observance declared by then-President George W. Bush to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe . It started in 2001 and is celebrated on November 9 . For this occasion , conservative youth groups such as Young America 's Foundation and the College Republicans urge students to commemorate this day ( which they mark as the start of `` Freedom Week , '' thus including Veterans Day ) by `` celebrating victory over communism '' through provocative flyer campaigns and activism projects . Many conservative political commentators and activists use World Freedom Day as an occasion in which to acclaim President Ronald Reagan , whom they regard as being responsible for the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1abc3137d140c349d91224000f971c11", "text": "Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016 In the 2016 United States presidential election , seven members of the U.S. Electoral College voted for a different candidate than whom they were pledged to vote . The Democratic Party nominee , Hillary Clinton , lost five of her pledged electors while the Republican Party nominee and then president-elect , Donald Trump , lost two . Three of the faithless electors voted for Colin Powell while John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one vote . Three additional electors initially voted against their Clinton pledge but had their votes invalidated according to local statutes , so they were replaced or forced to vote again . The defections fell well short of the number needed to change the result of the election ; only two of the seven defected from the presumptive winner , when 37 were needed to change the outcome . Although there had been a combined total of 157 instances of individual electors voting faithlessly in over two centuries of previous US presidential elections , 2016 was a year in which multiple groups of electors worked to alter the result of the election in order to `` vote their conscience for the good of America '' in accordance with Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Paper No. 68 . 2016 was also the first year since 1960 when one of the electors actively worked to change the election . Electors were subjected to public pressure , up to and including death threats . Seven electors successfully cast faithless ballots for president , the most to defect from presidential candidates who were still alive in Electoral College history , surpassing the six electors who defected from James Madison in the 1808 election . Historically , this number of defections has been exceeded only in cases where the presidential candidate was no longer living at the time the electors cast their ballots : the seven faithless presidential votes in 2016 falls well short of the record set in 1872 , when 63 of 66 electors originally pledged to losing candidate Horace Greeley cast their votes for someone else ( Greeley had died between election day and the meeting of the Electoral College ) . The six faithless vice-presidential votes in 2016 is also short of the record for that office , without considering whether the vice-presidential candidates were still living , as multiple previous elections have had more than six faithless vice-presidential votes ; in 1836 , faithless electors successfully moved the vice-presidential decision to the U.S. Senate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da107177ac40b9439ca690bbc61fb932", "text": "Otto Reich Otto Juan Reich ( born October 16 , 1945 ) , is an American former senior official in the administrations of Presidents Ronald Reagan , George H. W. Bush , and George W. Bush . Among other positions held , he has been the President 's Special Envoy for the Western Hemisphere ; Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs ; United States Ambassador to Venezuela ; and Assistant Administrator of the US Agency for International Development , a recess appointment . In 2003 , Bush appointed him US Special Envoy to the Western Hemisphere . Since leaving the White House in 2004 , he has headed his own international consulting firm , Otto Reich Associates , LLC , based in Washington , D.C. . During the Nicaraguan Revolution , Reich was in charge of the U.S. Office of Public Diplomacy for Latin America and the Caribbean , which was involved in lobbying efforts for the contras . In July 2012 , Reich received the Walter Judd Freedom Award , which is awarded yearly by the Fund for American Studies to recognize `` individuals who have advanced the cause of freedom in the United States and abroad , are devoted to the preservation and expansion of freedom , influential in world and national affairs , and are outspoken voices against tyranny and oppression , while embodying the characteristics of self-sacrifice and patriotism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d62d1fb88841a69fdb1b80342bac7da", "text": "Presidential Records Act The Presidential Records Act ( PRA ) of 1978 , , is an Act of Congress of the United States governing the official records of Presidents and Vice Presidents created or received after January 20 , 1981 , and mandating the preservation of all presidential records . The PRA changed the legal ownership of the official records of the President from private to public , and established a new statutory structure under which Presidents must manage their records . Specifically , the Presidential Records Act : Defines and states public ownership of the records . Places the responsibility for the custody and management of incumbent Presidential records with the President . Allows the incumbent President to dispose of records that no longer have administrative , historical , informational , or evidentiary value , once he has obtained the views of the Archivist of the United States on the proposed disposal . Requires that the President and his staff take all practical steps to file personal records separately from Presidential records . Establishes a process for restriction and public access to these records . Specifically , the PRA allows for public access to Presidential records through the Freedom of Information Act ( FOIA ) beginning five years after the end of the Administration , but allows the President to invoke as many as six specific restrictions to public access for up to twelve years . The PRA also establishes procedures for Congress , courts , and subsequent administrations to obtain special access to records that remain closed to the public , following a 30‑day notice period to the former and current Presidents . Requires that Vice-Presidential records are to be treated in the same way as Presidential records . Executive Order 12667 - Issued by President Reagan in January 1989 , this executive order established the procedures for NARA and former and incumbent Presidents to implement the PRA . Executive Order 13233 - This executive order , issued by President George W. Bush on November 1 , 2001 , supersedes the previous executive order . The Bush executive order also includes the documents of former Vice Presidents . Executive Order 13489 - Issued by President Barack Obama on January 21 , 2009 , restored the implementation of the PRA of 1978 as practiced under President Reagan 's Executive Order 12667 and revoked President Bush 's Executive Order 13233 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "847e8bd1d21523801f624b8dd4da567b", "text": "1996 State of the Union Address The 1996 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 104th United States Congress on January 23 , 1996 . The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Clinton 's first term . This speech occurred shortly after the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 which had resulted from disagreements on the 1996 United States federal budget . President Clinton discussed the economy and declared that `` the era of big government is over , '' and continued , `` but we can not go back to the time when our citizens were left to fend for themselves . We must go forward as one America , one nation working together , to meet the challenges we face together . Self-reliance and teamwork are not opposing virtues -- we must have both . '' The president discussed welfare reform , the V-chip , education , community policing , crime and the environment . The president also discussed foreign relations and the federal budget . The Republican Party response was delivered by Senator Bob Dole of Kansas . He stated that '' -LSB- President Clinton -RSB- is the chief obstacle to a balanced budget and the balanced budget amendment ... . While the President 's words speak of change , his deeds are a contradiction . President Clinton claims to embrace the future while clinging to the policies of the past . '' Donna Shalala , the Secretary of Health and Human Services , served as the designated survivor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23926556ef5ffa1249bf3605679f8f5", "text": "United States presidential election in Louisiana, 2000 The 2000 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 7 , 2000 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2000 United States presidential election . Voters chose 9 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Louisiana was won by Governor George W. Bush , a dramatic swing from the statewide results in 1996 when Democrat President Bill Clinton carried the state with 52 % of the vote and with a double digit margin of victory . Bush was the first Republican to carry the state since 1988 . Bush won most of the counties and congressional districts in the state . Bush dominated among the rural areas of the state . The only congressional district Gore won was the second district , which represents the very urban area of New Orleans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf899940b5b4e5c00ccec8e14dfbd99f", "text": "List of Presidents of the United States who were Freemasons Of the 44 people who have been President of the United States , roughly one-third ( 14 , or by some counts 15 * ) were Freemasons . Along with the presidents listed below , Lyndon Johnson had been initiated into the 1st Degree of Freemasonry ( an `` Entered Apprentice '' ) but did not advance any further and did not become a full member of his lodge , Ronald Reagan was made an honorary Freemason , and Bill Clinton as a youth was a member of the Order of DeMolay . * - Because of LBJ 's initiation into the fraternal organization , many lists of Freemason Presidents include him , with a total of 15 . ( It can also be noted that some historians state that David Rice Atchison , member of Platte Lodge No. 56 , Mo , served as `` Ex-officio president '' for one day : March 4 , 1849 . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "033a0c3f40eb1d28b96b26f66adb3cf8", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President . New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate . Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % . New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election . New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % . This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County . A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State . In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead . This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62d7976006ff19cadcd0964c56f44df5", "text": "Bill Clinton presidential campaign Bill Clinton , the 42nd President of the United States , has successfully run for president twice : * Bill Clinton presidential campaign , 1992 Bill Clinton presidential campaign , 1996", "title": "" } ]	fever
f8c50a210cc21e711bfe648f5c896a1d	The Academy Honorary Award is given by the president.	[ { "docid": "e2d5e21af394b677f3ed757fa703d031", "text": "Academy Honorary Award The Academy Honorary Award -- instituted in 1948 for the 21st Academy Awards ( previously called the Special Award , which was first presented in early 1929 ) -- is given annually by the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) to celebrate motion picture achievements that are not covered by existing Academy Awards , although prior winners of competitive Academy Awards are not excluded from receiving the Honorary Award . Unless otherwise specified , Honorary Award recipients receive the same gold Oscar statuettes received by winners of the competitive Academy Awards . Unlike the Special Achievement Award instituted in 1972 ( and discontinued in 1995 ) , those on whom the Academy confers its Honorary Award do not have to meet `` the Academy 's eligibility year and deadline requirements . '' Like the Special Achievement Award , the Special Award and Honorary Award have been used to reward significant achievements of the year that did not fit in existing categories , subsequently leading the Academy to establish several new categories , and to honor exceptional career achievements , contributions to the motion picture industry , and service to the Academy . The Academy Honorary Award is often awarded in preference to those with noted achievements in motion pictures who have nevertheless never won an Academy Award . Thus , many of its recipients are Classic Hollywood stars , such as Lillian Gish , Barbara Stanwyck , Kirk Douglas , and Lauren Bacall . Since 2009 the Honorary Award is presented at the annual Governors Awards rather than at the Academy Awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55a7d015872d39d71a3ba6e38d4e355e", "text": "Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards , or `` BRAs '' , is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film ( FAAAF ) to recognize excellence in African-American , as well as those of African diaspora 's cinematic achievements in the around the world film industry as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette , officially called the Black Reel Award . The awards , first presented in 2000 in Washington , DC , are overseen by FAAAF . The awards ceremony was initially awarded online their first two years before the first live show in 2002 . The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014 . Currently , the Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African-Americans . The 16th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony was held on February 18 , 2016 . A total of 315 Black Reel Awards have been presented since the inception of the award through the 16th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42d80bd67a5a2c36aff43fb6e38cd7f6", "text": "National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Odia The National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Odia is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals , the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , India . It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal ( Silver Lotus ) . The National Film Awards , established in 1954 , are the most prominent film awards in India that merit the best of the Indian cinema . The ceremony also presents awards for films in various regional languages . Awards for films in seven regional language ( Bengali , Hindi , Kannada , Malayalam , Marathi , Tamil and Telugu ) started from 2nd National Film Awards which were presented in 1955 . Three awards of `` President 's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film '' , `` Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film '' and `` Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film '' were instituted . The later two certificate awards were discontinued from 15th National Film Awards ( 1967 ) . The films made in Odia language were not considered until the 8th National Film Awards ceremony held in March 1961 . The 1960 Prafulla Kumar Sengupta directorial film Sri Lokenath received the first president 's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Odia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8a6cd369574e9aae08886f4677951e9", "text": "List of honors and awards received by Jimmy Carter U.S. President Jimmy Carter ( born 1924 ) has received numerous accolates , awards , and honorary degrees . Several places , institutions , and other things have been named for him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d60daf5f1da723199ff279dd7db45d14", "text": "1985 Academy Awards 1985 Academy Awards may refer to : 57th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1985 58th Academy Awards , the 1986 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1985", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b91b87c40163c3e507f43714df57fc1", "text": "Gordon E. Sawyer Award The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is an Honorary Award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to `` an individual in the motion picture industry whose technological contributions have brought credit to the industry . '' The award is named in honour of Gordon E. Sawyer , the former Sound Director at Samuel Goldwyn Studio and three-time Academy Award winner who claimed that a listing of past Academy Awards , arranged both chronologically and by category , represents a history of the development of motion pictures . It was first presented at the 54th Academy Awards , in April 1982 . The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is voted upon and given by the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee of the Academy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52ea051856e84b07099e269d878c0f90", "text": "List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India . Instituted on 2 January 1954 , the award is given for the `` exceptional and distinguished service '' , without distinction of race , occupation , position , or sex . The Padma Vibhushan award recipients are announced every year on Republic Day and registered in The Gazette of Indiaa publication released weekly by the Department of Publication , Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices . The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette . Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored , both of which require the authority of the President , are also registered in the Gazette and are required to surrender their medals when their names are struck from the register . , none of the conferments of Padma Vibhushan have been revoked or restored . The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments , the Ministries of the Government , the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients , the Institutes of Excellence , the Ministers , the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State , and the Members of Parliament including private individuals . The recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee , constituted by the Prime Minister . The committee recommendations are later submitted to the Prime Minister and the President for the further approval . When instituted in 1954 , the Padma Vibhushan was classified as `` Pahela Warg '' ( Class I ) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards ; preceded by the Bharat Ratna , the highest civilian award , and followed by `` Dusra Warg '' ( Class II ) , and `` Tisra Warg '' ( Class III ) . On 15 January 1955 , the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards ; the Padma Vibhushan , the highest of the three , followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri . The criteria includes `` exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by Government servants '' but excluding those working with the Public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists . The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute . The award , along with other personal civil honours , was briefly suspended twice in its history ; for the first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister . The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980 , after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister . The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992 , when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed in the High Courts questioning the civilian awards being `` Titles '' per an interpretation of Article 18 ( 1 ) of the Constitution . The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995 , following the conclusion of the litigation . The recipients receive a Sanad ( certificate ) signed by the President and a medal with no monetary grant associated with the award . The decoration is a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1 +3 / 4 inch in diameter and 1/8 inch thick . The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1 +3 / 16 inch side is embossed with a knob embossed within each of the outer angles of the pattern . A raised circular space of diameter 1 +1 / 16 inch is placed at the centre of the decoration . A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text `` Padma '' written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text `` Vibhushan '' is placed below the lotus . The Emblem of India is placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto , `` Satyameva Jayate '' ( Truth alone triumphs ) in Devanagari Script , inscribed on the lower edge . The rim , the edges and all embossing on either side is of white gold with the text `` Padma Vibhushan '' of silver gilt . The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1 +1 / 4 inch in width . It is ranked fourth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations . The first recipients of the Padma Vibhushan were Satyendra Nath Bose , Nandalal Bose , Zakir Husain , Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher , V. K. Krishna Menon , and Jigme Dorji Wangchuck , who were honoured in 1954 . , the award has been bestowed on 300 individuals , including twelve posthumous and nineteen non-citizen recipients . Some of the recipients have refused or returned their awards ; Vilayat Khan , Swami Ranganathananda , and Manikonda Chalapathi Rau refused the award ; the family members of Lakshmi Chand Jain ( 2011 ) and Sharad Anantrao Joshi ( 2016 ) declined their posthumous conferments , and 1986 recipient Baba Amte returned his honour in 1991 . Most recently on 25 January 2017 , the award has been bestowed upon seven recipients ; Murli Manohar Joshi , Sharad Pawar , Udupi Ramachandra Rao , Jaggi Vasudev , K. J. Yesudas and posthumously on Sunder Lal Patwa and P. A. Sangma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "983c94405daa8a487fce2652d1a7c0bf", "text": "Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society ( FRS , ForMemRS and HonFRS ) is an award and fellowship granted by the Royal Society of London to individuals the society judges to have made a `` substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge , including mathematics , engineering science and medical science '' . Fellowship of the Society , the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence , is a significant honour which has been awarded to many eminent scientists from history including Isaac Newton ( 1672 ) , Charles Darwin ( 1839 ) , Michael Faraday ( 1824 ) , Ernest Rutherford ( 1903 ) , Srinivasa Ramanujan ( 1919 ) , Albert Einstein ( 1921 ) , Winston Churchill ( 1941 ) , Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ( 1944 ) , Dorothy Hodgkin ( 1947 ) , Alan Turing ( 1951 ) and Francis Crick ( 1959 ) . More recently , fellowship has been awarded to Stephen Hawking ( 1974 ) , Tim Hunt ( 1991 ) , Elizabeth Blackburn ( 1992 ) , Tim Berners-Lee ( 2001 ) , Venkatraman Ramakrishnan ( 2003 ) , Andre Geim ( 2007 ) , James Dyson ( 2015 ) , Ajay Kumar Sood ( 2015 ) and around 8000 others in total , including over 280 Nobel Laureates since 1900 . , there are around 1600 living Fellows , Foreign and Honorary Members . Fellowship of the Royal Society has been described by The Guardian newspaper as `` the equivalent of a lifetime achievement Oscar '' with several institutions celebrating their announcement each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3902b51675348828c0efec1fa040ef7d", "text": "President's Call to Service Award The President 's Call to Service Award is awarded by the President of the United States to people who have completed more than 4,000 hours of community service . It is the highest level of the President 's Volunteer Service Award . The President 's Council on Service and Civic Participation , which administers the award , was established within the Corporation for National and Community Service through a 2003 executive order by President George W. Bush . The President 's Volunteer Service Award ( PVSA ) is the premier volunteer awards program , encouraging citizens to live a life of service through presidential gratitude and national recognition . The award is offered is four categories depending on amount of service , including Bronze , Silver , Gold and the `` President 's Call to Service Award '' ( referred to as the `` President 's Lifetime Achievement Award '' ) . Depending on the level of service , awardees may receive a personalized certificate , an official pin , medallion , and/or a congratulatory letter from the President .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f883d310b40b902422f5b8bc1fa203b", "text": "Academy Film Archive The Academy Film Archive is part of the Academy Foundation , established in 1944 with the purpose of organizing and overseeing the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ' educational and cultural activities , including the preservation of motion picture history . Although the current incarnation of the Academy Film Archive began in 1991 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences acquired its first film in 1929 . Located in Hollywood , California at the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study , the Archive has a diverse range of moving image material . The Archive 's collection comprises 85,000 titles and 190,000 separate items , including early American cinema , a vast collection of documentary films , filmed and taped interviews , amateur and private home movies of Hollywood legends , makeup and sound test reels , and a wide selection of experimental film , as well as Academy Award-winning films , Academy Award-nominated films , and a complete collection of every Academy Awards show since 1949 . Since acquiring the Packard Humanities Institute Collection , the Archive has the world 's largest known trailer collection . The Archive is also concerned with the preservation and restoration of films , as well as new technologies and methods of preservation , restoring over 800 titles of historical and artistic importance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5994d16315b5e39019837e376be06718", "text": "American Cinema Editors Founded in 1950 , American Cinema Editors ( ACE ) is an honorary society of film editors that are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements , their education of others , and their dedication to editing . The society is not to be confused with an industry union , such as the I.A.T.S.E. ( specifically the Motion Picture Editors Guild or MPEG ) to which an editor might belong . The current President of ACE is Alan Heim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b964a22cec95a2b63a32eb8075611418", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award The Producers Guild of America Award was originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards , created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern , in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product . The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters , including Nick Clooney , Michael Douglas , Robert Guillaume , James Earl Jones , Jack Lemmon , Shirley MacLaine , Garry Marshall , Walter Matthau , Ronald Reagan , Marlo Thomas , Grant Tinker , and Ted Turner , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ef1af1be3b23fc2a82cb1be7f28903", "text": "List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee . For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6da3ade65f4b41ad2c6afb050947a9", "text": "15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony . Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations . Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' . Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since . A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d009888b7ee624294608f983b2d6fa79	Egypt is a city.	[ { "docid": "6f85bf53a256a3a4b68fc5ea1a6e18a5", "text": "Egypt Egypt ( -LSB- ˈiːdʒɪpt -RSB- ; مِصر , مَصر , Kimi ) , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba to the east , the Red Sea to the east and south , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan , and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia , although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt . Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country , emerging as one of the world 's first nation states in the tenth millennium BC . Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing , agriculture , urbanisation , organised religion and central government . Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx , as well the ruins of Memphis , Thebes , Karnak , and the Valley of the Kings , reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide . Egypt 's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity , which has endured , and at times assimilated , various foreign influences , including Greek , Persian , Roman , Arab , Ottoman , and European . One of the earliest centres of Christianity , Egypt was Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country , albeit with a significant Christian minority . With over 92 million inhabitants , Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab world , the third-most populous in Africa ( after Nigeria and Ethiopia ) , and the fifteenth-most populous in the world . The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River , an area of about 40000 km2 , where the only arable land is found . The large regions of the Sahara desert , which constitute most of Egypt 's territory , are sparsely inhabited . About half of Egypt 's residents live in urban areas , with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo , Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta . Modern Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power , with significant cultural , political , and military influence in North Africa , the Middle East and the Muslim world . Egypt 's economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East , and is projected to become one of the largest in the 21st century . Egypt is a member of the United Nations , Non-Aligned Movement , Arab League , African Union , and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3285070e0142abd9c19bab468b241d1a", "text": "Alexandria Alexandria ( -LSB- ˌælɪɡˈzændriə -RSB- or -LSB- ˌælɪɡˈzɑːndriə -RSB- Arabic : الإسكندرية ; اسكندرية ; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ , Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ ) is the second largest city and a major economic centre in Egypt , extending about 32 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country . Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels . Alexandria is Egypt 's largest seaport , serving approximately 80 % of Egypt 's imports and exports . It is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez . Alexandria is also an important tourist destination . Alexandria was founded around a small Ancient Egyptian town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great . It became an important center of the Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Hellenistic and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1000 years until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641 , when a new capital was founded at Fustat ( later absorbed into Cairo ) . Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria ( Pharos ) , one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ; its Great Library ( the largest in the ancient world ; now replaced by a modern one ) ; and the Necropolis , one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages . Alexandria was the second most powerful city of the ancient world after Rome . Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria , which began in 1994 , is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander , when a city named Rhacotis existed there , and during the Ptolemaic dynasty . From the late 18th century , Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world , both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea , and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9e59604a861a129807054a0e014261fe", "text": "El Qantara, Egypt El Qantara ( 30.85 ° N 32.31 ° E ) is a northeastern Egyptian city on the western side of the Suez Canal located in the Egyptian governorate of Ismailia , 160 km northeast of Cairo and 50 km south of Port Said . There is a high-level fixed road bridge in El Qantara , the Mubarak Peace Bridge over the canal . The Arabic al qantara means `` the bridge '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ca477ba907cd572a95c4e2147d42cb4", "text": "Ancient Egyptian literature Ancient Egyptian literature was written in the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt 's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination . It represents the oldest corpus of Egyptian literature . Along with Sumerian literature , it is considered the world 's earliest literature . Writing in ancient Egypt -- both hieroglyphic and hieratic -- first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase of predynastic Egypt . By the Old Kingdom ( 26th century BC to 22nd century BC ) , literary works included funerary texts , epistles and letters , hymns and poems , and commemorative autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials . It was not until the early Middle Kingdom ( 21st century BC to 17th century BC ) that a narrative Egyptian literature was created . This was a `` media revolution '' which , according to Richard B. Parkinson , was the result of the rise of an intellectual class of scribes , new cultural sensibilities about individuality , unprecedented levels of literacy , and mainstream access to written materials . However , it is possible that the overall literacy rate was less than one percent of the entire population . The creation of literature was thus an elite exercise , monopolized by a scribal class attached to government offices and the royal court of the ruling pharaoh . However , there is no full consensus among modern scholars concerning the dependence of ancient Egyptian literature on the sociopolitical order of the royal courts . Middle Egyptian , the spoken language of the Middle Kingdom , became a classical language during the New Kingdom ( 16th century BC to 11th century BC ) , when the vernacular language known as Late Egyptian first appeared in writing . Scribes of the New Kingdom canonized and copied many literary texts written in Middle Egyptian , which remained the language used for oral readings of sacred hieroglyphic texts . Some genres of Middle Kingdom literature , such as `` teachings '' and fictional tales , remained popular in the New Kingdom , although the genre of prophetic texts was not revived until the Ptolemaic period ( 4th century BC to 1st century BC ) . Popular tales included the Story of Sinuhe and The Eloquent Peasant , while important teaching texts include the Instructions of Amenemhat and The Loyalist Teaching . By the New Kingdom period , the writing of commemorative graffiti on sacred temple and tomb walls flourished as a unique genre of literature , yet it employed formulaic phrases similar to other genres . The acknowledgment of rightful authorship remained important only in a few genres , while texts of the `` teaching '' genre were pseudonymous and falsely attributed to prominent historical figures . Ancient Egyptian literature has been preserved on a wide variety of media . This includes papyrus scrolls and packets , limestone or ceramic ostraca , wooden writing boards , monumental stone edifices and coffins . Texts preserved and unearthed by modern archaeologists represent a small fraction of ancient Egyptian literary material . The area of the floodplain of the Nile is under-represented because the moist environment is unsuitable for the preservation of papyri and ink inscriptions . On the other hand , hidden caches of literature , buried for thousands of years , have been discovered in settlements on the dry desert margins of Egyptian civilization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5096e37f0055e11be41fc549e5ed9af", "text": "Canada–Egypt relations Canadian-Egyptian relations are foreign relations between Canada and Egypt . Both countries established embassies in their respective capitals in 1954 . Canada has an embassy in Cairo . Egypt has an embassy in Ottawa and a Consulate-General in Montreal . Though both had been part of the British Empire , only Canada is part of the Commonwealth , Egypt is not .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ea805d8ea43edc7bfe558f075d9f228", "text": "Isthmus of Suez The Isthmus of Suez is the 75-mile-wide ( 125-km ) strip of land that lies between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea , linking the continents of Africa and Asia . It is located within the country of Egypt , geographically linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas . Like many isthmuses , it is a location of great strategic and historical value , most notably the presence of the Suez Canal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5d179b3f79997be3518915d717a7a55", "text": "Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa , concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in the place which is now the country Egypt . It is one of six historic civilizations to arise independently . Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3150 BC ( according to conventional Egyptian chronology ) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh , Narmer ( commonly referred to as Menes ) . The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms , separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods : the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age , the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age . Egypt reached the pinnacle of its power in the New Kingdom , during the Ramesside period , where it rivalled the Hittite Empire , Assyrian Empire and Mitanni Empire , after which it entered a period of slow decline . Egypt was invaded or conquered by a succession of foreign powers , such as the Canaanites/Hyksos , Libyans , the Nubians , the Assyrians , Babylonians , the Achaemenid Persians , and the Macedonians in the Third Intermediate Period and the Late Period of Egypt . In the aftermath of Alexander the Great 's death , one of his generals , Ptolemy Soter , established himself as the new ruler of Egypt . This Greek Ptolemaic Kingdom ruled Egypt until 30 BC , when , under Cleopatra , it fell to the Roman Empire and became a Roman province . The success of ancient Egyptian civilization came partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley for agriculture . The predictable flooding and controlled irrigation of the fertile valley produced surplus crops , which supported a more dense population , and social development and culture . With resources to spare , the administration sponsored mineral exploitation of the valley and surrounding desert regions , the early development of an independent writing system , the organization of collective construction and agricultural projects , trade with surrounding regions , and a military intended to defeat foreign enemies and assert Egyptian dominance . Motivating and organizing these activities was a bureaucracy of elite scribes , religious leaders , and administrators under the control of a pharaoh , who ensured the cooperation and unity of the Egyptian people in the context of an elaborate system of religious beliefs . The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying , surveying and construction techniques that supported the building of monumental pyramids , temples , and obelisks ; a system of mathematics , a practical and effective system of medicine , irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques , the first known planked boats , Egyptian faience and glass technology , new forms of literature , and the earliest known peace treaty , made with the Hittites . Egypt left a lasting legacy . Its art and architecture were widely copied , and its antiquities carried off to far corners of the world . Its monumental ruins have inspired the imaginations of travelers and writers for centuries . A new-found respect for antiquities and excavations in the early modern period by Europeans and Egyptians led to the scientific investigation of Egyptian civilization and a greater appreciation of its cultural legacy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a205da8461c801730daa01ec44bf91a", "text": "Obour (city) Obour ( العبور -LSB- mæˈdiːnɪt el ʕʊˈbuːɾ -RSB- , meaning `` City of the Crossing '' ) is a city in the Qalyubia Governorate , about 35 kilometers north-east of Cairo . The city has approximately 250,000 residents . It is named to honor the crossing ( `` obour '' ) of the Bar Lev line by the army of Egypt in the Yom Kippur War in 1973 . It is one of 16 new urban areas in Greater Cairo . It is also designated as an industrial zone and houses a number of factories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e44ee6a48bf2f70189fd569d74ca04c", "text": "Palermo Stone The Palermo Stone is one of seven surviving fragments of a stele known as the Royal Annals of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt . The stele contained a list of the kings of Egypt from the First Dynasty ( ~ 3150 -- 2890 BCE ) through to the early part of the Fifth Dynasty ( approx 2392 -- 2283 BCE ) and noted significant events in each year of their reigns . It was probably made during the Fifth dynasty . The Palermo Stone is held in the Regional Archeological Museum Antonio Salinas in the city of Palermo , Italy , from which it derives its name . The term `` Palermo Stone '' is sometimes applied to all seven surviving fragments of the Royal Annals , including those held in museums in Cairo and London . The fragments are also sometimes described collectively as the `` Cairo Annals Stone '' , although the term `` Cairo Stone '' is also used to mean only those fragments of the Royal Annals now in Cairo . The Palermo Stone and other fragments of the Royal Annals preserve what is probably the oldest historical text that has survived from Ancient Egypt and form a key source for Egyptian history in the Old Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc92bb138d07a112e9b9b052a63fa5ac", "text": "Sinai Interim Agreement The Sinai Interim Agreement , also known as the Sinai II Agreement , was a diplomatic agreement signed by Egypt and Israel on September 4 , 1975 . The signing ceremony took place in Geneva . The agreement stated that the conflicts between the countries `` shall not be resolved by military force but by peaceful means . '' It also called `` for a further withdrawal in the Sinai and a new UN buffer zone . '' Thus , the agreement strengthened Israel 's and Egypt 's commitment to abiding by U.N. Resolution 338 and strengthened diplomatic relations between Egypt , Israel , and the United States . The purpose of this agreement , in the eyes of the Egyptians , was to gain back as much of the Sinai Peninsula ( which had been occupied by Israel since 1967 ) as they could through diplomacy . Although the agreement strengthened Egypt 's relationship with the Western world , it diminished its relationships with other members of the Arab League ( especially Syria and the Palestine Liberation Organization ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3992ceb73a8dea2063a0aa84cff28e4", "text": "Qus Qus ( قوص , derived from Ancient Egyptian Gesa or Gesy ) is a city in the modern Qena Governorate , Egypt , located on the east bank of the Nile . Its modern name is one of many borrowings in Egyptian Arabic from Coptic , the last living phase of Ancient Egyptian . In Graeco-Roman times , it was called Apollonopolis Parva or Apollinopolis Mikra ( Greek : Ἀπόλλωνος ἡ μικρά Ἀπόλλων μικρός ) , or Apollonos minoris . During the Roman Empire it was renamed Diocletianopolis ; and it corresponds , probably , to the Maximianopolis of the later Empire . Gesa was an important city in the early part of Egyptian history . Because at that time it served as the point of departure for expeditions to the Red Sea . The city gradually lost its importance , only to regain it in the 13th century with the opening of an alternate commercial route to the Red Sea . Since then , Qus replaced Qift as the primary commercial center for trading with Africa , India , and Arabia . It thus became the second most important Islamic city in medieval Egypt , after Cairo . Today , Qus is the site of a major American/German commercial project to convert the waste products of sugar cane refining ( bagasse ) into paper products . The modern population of Qus is around 300,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba406e21144f2e5d0767d51606f3cc07", "text": "Taba, Egypt Taba ( طابا , -LSB- ˈtˤɑːbɑ -RSB- ) is a small Egyptian town near the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba . Taba is the location of Egypt 's busiest border crossing with neighbouring Eilat , Israel . Despite it consisting of little more than a bus depot and a luxury hotel ( complete with casino ) , Taba is a frequent vacation spot for Egyptians and tourists , especially those from Israel on their way to other destinations in Egypt or as a weekend getaway . It is the northernmost resort of Egypt 's Red Sea Riviera .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2635d6e5e9835c51d5cf31d4639872ff", "text": "North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) . The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region . North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since . The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world . Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd75ec3e68bc1e3f325f1518ce1bd2a6", "text": "Thmuis Thmuis ( -LSB- ˈθmjuː.ᵻs -RSB- Greek : Θμοῦις Tell El-Timai ) is a city in Lower Egypt , located on the canal east of the Nile , between its Tanitic and Mendesian branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dacc4b823470392effb935041b415c2", "text": "Free Egyptians Party The Free Egyptians Party ( -LSB- حزب المصريين الأحرار , Ḥizb El Maṣrīyīn El Aḥrār -RSB- -LSB- - arzħezb el mɑsˤɾejˈjiːn el ʔɑħˈɾˤɑːɾˤ -RSB- ) is an Egyptian liberal party , founded after the 2011 Egyptian revolution . It supports the principles of a liberal , democratic , and secular political order in Egypt . Free Egyptians Party is the largest party in the House of Representatives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "219a9ef215129aecf54e57288ffcdb6b", "text": "Luxor Museum Luxor Museum is an archaeological museum in Luxor ( ancient Thebes ) , Egypt . It stands on the corniche , overlooking the west bank of the River Nile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72ef832ea05af1e46149eb72a946d2e8", "text": "El Sahel El Sahel ( الساحل -LSB- esˈsæːħel , elˈ - -RSB- ) is an administrative region forming more than half of Shubra in Cairo , Egypt . El Sahel neighbours the River Nile to the west , Rod El Farag and Shubra ( administrative region ) to the south , El Sharabeya to the east and is separated from Qalyubia to the north by the El Ismailia canal . El Sahel hosts two of Cairo 's largest hospitals : Nasser Institute for Search and Treatment Hospital , and the older El Sahel Teaching Hospital , which is named after the area . Additionally , El Sahel is home to a date market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e98752c28208e2370c0efaf9676a6fb", "text": "Kafr El Dawwar Kafr El Dawwar ( كفر الدوار -LSB- kɑfɾ eddɑwˈwɑːɾ -RSB- ) is a major industrial city and municipality on the Nile Delta in northern Egypt . It has a population of about 265,300 inhabitants , and comprises a number of smaller towns and villages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "799f2422afb2db218590a531b2e499db", "text": "Miss Egypt Miss Egypt ( Arabic : ملكة جمال مصر ) is a national beauty pageant in Egypt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31b434ff64eaa99b7da7be1bdcfc70bf", "text": "List of airports in Sudan This is a list of airports in Sudan , sorted by location . Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , sometimes called North Sudan is an Arab state in North Africa . It is bordered by Egypt to the north , the Red Sea to the northeast , Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east , South Sudan to the south , the Central African Republic to the southwest , Chad to the west , and Libya to the northwest . The Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves . The capital city is Khartoum . The country is divided into 17 states . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a50104486775e6dd4068ff5b0f6a6e2", "text": "Abydos, Egypt Abydos -LSB- əˈbaɪdɒs -RSB- is one of the oldest cities of ancient Egypt , and also of the eighth nome in Upper Egypt , of which it was the capital city . It is located about 11 km west of the Nile at latitude 26 ° 10 ' N , near the modern Egyptian towns of el - ` Araba el Madfuna and al-Balyana . In the ancient Egyptian language , the city was called Abdju ( ꜣbdw or AbDw ) . The English name Abydos comes from the Greek Ἄβυδος , a name borrowed by Greek geographers from the unrelated city of Abydos on the Hellespont . Considered one of the most important archaeological sites in Egypt , the sacred city of Abydos was the site of many ancient temples , including Umm el-Qa ` ab , a royal necropolis where early pharaohs were entombed . These tombs began to be seen as extremely significant burials and in later times it became desirable to be buried in the area , leading to the growth of the town 's importance as a cult site . Today , Abydos is notable for the memorial temple of Seti I , which contains an inscription from the nineteenth dynasty known to the modern world as the Abydos King List . It is a chronological list showing cartouches of most dynastic pharaohs of Egypt from Menes until Seti I 's father , Ramesses I. The Great Temple and most of the ancient town are buried under the modern buildings to the north of the Seti temple . Many of the original structures and the artifacts within them are considered irretrievable and lost ; many may have been destroyed by the new construction .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0a9f5d9433d325afb8617e43345e2d8c	Monica Seles was a citizen of multiple countries.	[ { "docid": "dcd8ea0b63ab8c0cb8236bb6c31c7e8e", "text": "Monica Seles Monica Seles ( -LSB- ˈsɛləs -RSB- Szeles Mónika , Моника Селеш , Monika Seleš , -LSB- ˈsɛlɛʃ -RSB- , born December 2 , 1973 ) is a former Yugoslav world no. 1 professional tennis player and a member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame . An ethnic Hungarian , she was born and raised in Novi Sad , SFR Yugoslavia . She became a naturalized American citizen in 1994 and also received Hungarian citizenship in June 2007 . She won nine Grand Slam singles titles , eight of them while a citizen of Yugoslavia and the final as a citizen of the United States of America . In 1990 , Seles became the youngest-ever French Open champion at the age of 16 . She went on to win eight Grand Slam singles titles before her 20th birthday and was the year-end world no. 1 in 1991 and 1992 . However , on April 30 , 1993 , she was the victim of an on-court attack , when a man stabbed her in the back with a 9 in long knife ; Seles did not return to tennis for over two years . Though she enjoyed some success after rejoining the tour in 1995 , including a fourth Australian Open title in 1996 , she was unable to consistently reproduce her best form . She played her last professional match at the 2003 French Open , but did not officially retire until February 2008 . Regarded by many in the sport as one of the greatest tennis players of all time , Seles was named one of the `` 30 Legends of Women 's Tennis : Past , Present and Future '' by Time .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8750e73fcfacbc9439059f26a6bc03ff", "text": "Filipino Americans Filipino Americans ( Mga Pilipinong Amerikano ) are Americans of Filipino descent . The term Filipino American is sometimes shortened to `` Fil-Ams '' , or `` Pinoy '' . According to Filipino American historian Dawn Mabalon , the earliest appearance of the term Pinoy ( alt . Pinay ) , was in a 1926 issue of the Filipino Student Bulletin . The article that featured the terms , is titled , `` Filipino Women in U.S. Excel in Their Courses : Invade Business , Politics . '' Some Filipinos believe that the term Pinoy was coined by Filipinos who came to the United States to distinguish themselves from Filipinos living in the Philippines . Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century , with small settlements beginning in the 18th century . Mass migration did not begin until the early 20th Century when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adb197b30d700085f9a3f5c30509e6a3", "text": "Polish Americans Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry . There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans , representing about 3 % of the U.S. population . Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States , second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall . The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh 's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585 . In 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen . Two early immigrants , Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko , led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes . Overall , more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States , primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Exact immigration numbers are unknown . Many immigrants were classified as `` Russian '' , `` German '' , and `` Austrian '' by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service because the Polish state did not exist from 1795 to 1918 , and thus the former territories of Poland at this time were under Prussian , Austrian-Hungarian and Russian control . Complicating the U.S. Census figures further are the high proportion of Polish Americans who marry outside their ethnicity ; in 1940 , about 50 percent married other American ethnics , and a study in 1988 found that 54 percent of Polish Americans three generations or higher had been of mixed ancestry . The Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million . In 2000 , 667,414 Americans over 5 years old reported Polish as the language spoken at home , which is about 1.4 % of the census groups who speak a language other than English or 0.25 % of the U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23eda5da586f932392c2785c58780188", "text": "Mexican pop music Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico , particularly intended for teenagers and young adults . Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language . Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s , when an interest towards this type of music increased after Luis Miguel 's , Lynda Thomas ' , Selena 's , Thalía 's , Gloria Trevi 's and Paulina Rubio 's debuts before the mainstream USA audience . During the 1960s and 1970s most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits . Singers and musical groups like Angélica María , Johnny Laboriel , Alberto Vázquez , Enrique Guzmán or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley , Paul Anka , Nancy Sinatra and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9993207d2383b2d5cceaad524f48298b", "text": "France–Romania relations French-Romanian relations are bilateral foreign relations between France and Romania . Diplomatic relations between the two countries date back to 1880 , when mutual legations were opened , although contacts between France and Romania 's precursor states stretch into the Middle Ages . Currently France has an embassy in Bucharest and three honorary consulates ( in Craiova , Constanța and Brașov ) . Romania has an embassy in Paris , three consulates-general ( in Lyon , Marseille and Strasbourg ) and four honorary consulates ( in Nantes , Bordeaux , Nice and Brest ) . Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union . Since 1993 , Romania is a member in the Francophonie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c87e3e9747e15d0d4d85e9095a083f16", "text": "1992 US Open – Women's Singles Monica Seles was the defending champion , and she successfully defended her title without losing a set , defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 3 . By reaching the final , Monica became the sixth woman , after Maureen Connolly , Margaret Court , Chris Evert , Martina Navratilova , Steffi Graf , to reach all four Grand Slam finals in a calendar year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffdb40a01229699e36f861986a6a8485", "text": "Ecuador Mi Pais Ecuador Mi País ( EMiP ) is a non-governmental organization ( NGO ) founded in August 2005 as an initiative of Ecuadorian professionals living in the Washington D.C. area , United States , that felt a desire to contribute to the social and economic development of their country . Its founders felt the most effective way to collaborate towards the development of the country was by supporting educational projects targeted to low-income groups . Since its origin , the organization has sponsored more than 100 students . EMiP is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) organization operated and directed by volunteers . It was legally incorporated in the District of Columbia ( D.C. ) in June 2006 . EMiP was conceived to promote equal opportunities and to facilitate access to education for underprivileged children and adolescents in Ecuador , regardless of gender and ethnicity . The organization has affiliates in states of the United States of America , and also in Spain , Italy , France , and the United Kingdom , countries that have concentrations of Ecuadorian immigrants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83493c9d4304c5592447a87f2ed55a2f", "text": "Internet in Mexico Mexico has approximately 69 million Internet users representing 56.0 % of the population . The country ranks 10 in number of Internet users in the world . Mexico is the country with the most Internet users among Spanish speaking countries and is currently experiencing a huge surge in demand for broadband Internet services . In August 2005 , Cisco Systems , said they see Mexico and countries in Latin America as the focal point for growth in coming years . With Mexico being identified as a hypergrowth market for equipment suppliers and receiving the biggest chunk of Cisco 's investments . Additionally looking at the historical growth for the period from 2001 to 2005 we see broadband Internet jump from 0.1 subscribers per hundred population to 2.2 subscribers per hundred population , a growth of 2100 % in just five years . Telmex is the largest provider of ( A ) DSL connection . After being converted from a state monopoly to a private enterprise by President Carlos Salinas de Gortari in 1990 , it took the Mexican Government 5 years to establish regulations in the Telecommunications Act and only then were competitors allowed to enter the Mexican telecommunication market , leaving Telmex ' and its owner Carlos Slim enough time to extend their technological lead . Nevertheless , Mexico is lagging behind the world average in connection speeds . Mexico is one of the few Latin American countries that has little or no Internet censorship . However , increasing threats and violence against media outlets , reporters , and bloggers related to drugs and drug trafficking leads to self-censorship by the press and by individuals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2868474141aed5c5c49f995957e01e83", "text": "Seles Seles may refer to : Monica Seles , a Yugoslav-American professional tennis player Seles , a fictional character in the Tales of Symphonia universe Seles , Angola , a municipality Seles Adrian , a Slovenian national living in Melbourne Australia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "523eef3609ecb1d8f3b7058bf4b4526d", "text": "Pornography in Latin America Pornography in Mexico and South America consists of pornography made in Mexico and South America as well as being viewed there . Traditionally the region 's culture has been strongly influenced by the Roman Catholic Church which tends to be socially conservative . Pornography in Latin America is now typically legal in countries such as Brazil , Colombia , Argentina and Mexico due to their becoming more socially liberal and secular . The viewing of pornography in the region has been popularized by the Internet and DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a78e5c803e574f7b4bb11d21286dd9f4", "text": "Croatia–United States relations Croatia -- United States relations refer to the bilateral relationship between Croatia and the United States . Diplomatic relations among two countries were established on April 7 , 1992 following Croatia 's independence from SFR Yugoslavia . Croatia has an embassy in Washington D.C. , general consulates in Chicago , Los Angeles , New York City , and consulates in Anchorage , Kansas City , Pittsburgh , Seattle and Houston . The US has an embassy in Zagreb . American engagement in Croatia is aimed at fostering a democratic , secure , and market-oriented society that will be a strong US partner in Euro-Atlantic institutions . Bilateral relations between the two countries are described as very strong . Croatian diaspora in the US is one of the largest in the world with an estimate of more than 1.2 million members . Most of the Croats live in Chicago ( ~ 150,000 ) , New York City , New Jersey and Connecticut ( ~ 80,000 ) , St. Louis ( ~ 40,000 ) , San Pedro ( ~ 35,000 ) , Detroit ( ~ 7,000 ) and San Jose ( ~ 5,000 ) . The National Federation of Croatian Americans is the main organization that brings together Croats in the US . Both countries are members of UN , NATO , Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council , Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe , International Monetary Fund , World Bank and World Trade Organization . In addition , Croatia is an observer to the Organization of American States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fff4f657d81810488ac5d45e595406d", "text": "Foreign relations of Saint Lucia Saint Lucia maintains friendly relations with the major powers active in the Caribbean , including the United States , the United Kingdom , Canada , and France . Saint Lucia has no extant international disputes , aside from tension resulting from the island 's status as a transit point for South American drugs destined for the United States and Europe . Saint Lucia 's Permanent Representative ( or ambassador ) to the United Nations is Anthony Severin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dea01441b7667f4c774195f23aef44", "text": "Selesnick Selesnick may refer to : Ivan Selesnick , American engineer Richard Selesnick ( born 1964 ) , American artist in the Kahn & Selesnick collaborative artist team", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00f3a69f001faa6b9972ae7572a1d9d0", "text": "Human trafficking in Venezuela Venezuela is a source , transit , and destination country for men , women , and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor . Venezuela 's political , economic , and social concerns contribute to the factors and types of human trafficking in the country . In particular , the severe poverty in Venezuela has increased the rate of human trafficking . Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation , lured from poor regions in the nation 's interior to urban and tourist areas . Victims are recruited through false job offers and subsequently forced into prostitution or conditions of labor exploitation . Child prostitution in urban areas and child sex tourism in resort destinations such as Margarita Island appear to be growing . Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation to Western Europe and Mexico , in addition to Caribbean destinations such as Trinidad and Tobago , Aruba , and the Dominican Republic . Men , women , and children from Colombia , Peru , Ecuador , Brazil , the Dominican Republic , and the People 's Republic of China are trafficked to and through Venezuela and may be subjected to commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a3297da266925f93e1422d7432a9fc0", "text": "United Nations Year for Tolerance The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 1995 the United Nations Year for Tolerance with UNESCO as the lead organization . ( It had invited the Economic and Social Council to consider the matter in an earlier session . ) The idea and practice of tolerance was widely promoted in schools in many member states . Tolerance was held to be an ` endangered virtue ' in many parts of the world , particularly those who were under racial and religious wars , such as those in Bosnia and Rwanda . UNESCO said that five key planks were required to overcome intolerance : law , education , access to information , individual awareness and local solutions . Tolerance is thus a political , legal and moral duty to protect and preserve human rights . The International Day for Tolerance is now celebrated on November 16 every year , in recognition of the Paris Declaration which was signed that day in 1995 by 185 member states . In 1995 , a press conference was held at the United Nations by 12-year-old Mark Semotiuk who launched his book `` 401 Goofy Jokes for Kids '' which united kids from Ukraine , Canada and the United States , as one of the symbols for the United Nations Year for Tolerance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d241a9bef1662e47dd1f799743f3867d", "text": "Seda Aznavour Seda ( Patricia ) Aznavour ( born May 21 , 1947 ) is a French-Armenian singer and artist , the daughter of Charles Aznavour . She studied at the Armenian Virgins College of Paris , at Jan-Luciere and Matie Alter musical schools . She started her musical career in 1960 's , as a radio and TV singer , then released `` Rien Que Nous '' album ( with David Alexandre Winter ) . She recorded the `` Safo '' ( 1970 ) movie songtrack ( written by Georges Garvarentz ) , played in several French films . In 1960 's she moved to United States , where in 1980 she gave a concert tour with Lucy Saroyan . In 1988 Seda recorded `` Chants traditionnels Armeniens '' album where she performs Yes Qo Ghimetn Chim Gidi song by Sayat-Nova in a duet with Charles Aznavour . In 2010 they recorded a new duo in Armenian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8255715c537745f6bf9cf61b8bdc6251", "text": "Diplomatic corps The diplomatic corps or corps diplomatique is the collective body of foreign diplomats accredited to a particular country or body . The diplomatic corps may , in certain contexts , refer to the collection of accredited heads of mission ( ambassadors , high commissioners , and others ) who represent their countries in another state or country . As a body , they usually only assemble to attend state functions like a coronation , inauguration , national day or State Opening of Parliament , depending on local custom . They may also assemble in the royal or presidential palace to give their own head of state 's New Year greeting to the head of state of the country in which they are based . The term is sometimes confused with the collective body of diplomats from a particular country -- the proper term for which is diplomatic service . The diplomatic corps is not always given any formal recognition by its host country , but can be referenced by official orders of precedence . In many countries , and especially in Africa , the heads and the foreign members of the country offices of major international organizations ( United Nations agencies , the European Union , the International Committee of the Red Cross , agencies of the African Union , etc. ) are considered members -- and granted the rights and privileges -- of the diplomatic corps . Diplomatic vehicles in most countries have distinctive diplomatic license plates , often with the prefix or suffix CD , the abbreviation for the French corps diplomatique .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0905c242efdfbc197f7edddaafe75261", "text": "List of people by number of countries visited This is a list of people by number of countries and territories visited . There are a number of people claiming to have visited every country in the world , though there is great debate as to how many countries there are in the world . The most commonly agreed base number is the number of United Nations member states , of which there are 193 . According to the United Nations , `` The recognition of a new State or Government is an act that only other States and Governments may grant or withhold . '' As a result , the membership of some countries to the United Nations is blocked by one or more other members , such as Taiwan and Kosovo , and there are also two observer states , the Holy See and the State of Palestine . Additionally , there are various dependencies and territories that maintain autonomy , their own government , immigration , and/or print their own currency , and can be widely held as de facto countries by travellers . ISO 3166 is maintained by ISO as an updated list of the aforementioned derived from United Nations sources ( Terminology Bulletin Country Names and the Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use maintained by the United Nations Statistics Divisions ) , and lists 249 countries . The Travelers ' Century Club , whose membership is limited to those travellers who have visited one hundred or more territories of the world , maintains its own official list of countries and territories , a total of 325 as of 1 January 2016 , which includes geographically separated areas , such as Hawaii and other areas of cultural interest . This list of people by countries visited does not prescribe one list as correct ; rather , it lists the number of countries visited from any of these competing lists . The Best Travelled is also considered a reference for the 1281 world regions and well travelled people , and hold a verification process to check on traveller 's claims . Their UN Master List regroups all those travellers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54eb1dc790901ecc8902dc5b463699a2", "text": "Thomas O. Enders Thomas Ostrom Enders ( November 28 , 1931 -- March 17 , 1996 ) was a United States diplomat . Thomas O. Enders was born on November 28 , 1931 in Hartford , Connecticut . He was educated at Yale University , where he was a member of the Scroll and Key society , receiving a B.A. in 1953 ; at the University of Paris , receiving a M.A. in 1955 ; and Harvard University , receiving a M.A. in 1957 . In 1958 , Enders joined the United States Foreign Service as an intelligence research specialist . From 1960 to 1963 , he was a visa officer and then an economic officer in Stockholm . From 1963 , he was supervisory international economist at the Bureau of European Affairs . In 1966 , he was a special assistant in the Office of the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs . In 1968 , he became Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Monetary Affairs . From 1969 , he was deputy chief of mission in Belgrade . From 1971 to 1973 , he held the same position in Phnom Penh . In 1974 , Enders became Assistant Under Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs . In 1976 , US President Gerald Ford nominated Enders as United States Ambassador to Canada ; Enders held this post from February 17 , 1976 to December 14 , 1979 . From 1979 , he was United States Ambassador to the European Communities . President Ronald Reagan nominated Enders as Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs ; Enders held this office from June 23 , 1981 to June 27 , 1983 . The Reagan administration made the decision to reduce the emphasis that the Carter administration had put on human rights issues in dealings with allies and this new policy had been made clear to Ambassador Jack R. Binns , a Carter appointee , following his repeated reports of human rights abuses by the Honduran Military . In a June 1981 cable , Binns reported that he was deeply concerned about increasing evidence of officially sponsored or sanctioned assassinations of political or criminal targets and repression . Binns was summoned to Washington by Thomas O. Enders . I was told to stop human rights reporting except in back channel . The fear was that if it came into the State Department , it will leak , Binns recalled . They wanted to keep assistance flowing . Increased violations by the Honduran military would prejudice that . Reagan then named Enders US Ambassador to Spain , with Enders presenting his credentials to the Spanish government September 15 , 1983 and representing the U.S. in Spain until July 6 , 1986 . Enders retired in 1986 . He died in New York City on March 17 , 1996 . He is buried in Waterford , Connecticut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fe984fb3dd6987b2811f4f76339698e", "text": "Inés Mónica Weinberg de Roca Justice Inés Mónica Weinberg de Roca ( née Inés Mónica Weinberg ) is an Argentine Judge of the Supreme Court of city of Buenos Aires and a Judge of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal in New York City . She was born in Buenos Aires , Argentina on December 16 , 1948 . From 2003 to 2008 she was a Judge of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda , serving the joint Appeal Chamber of the ICTR and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague from 2003 to 2005 , and on the trial chamber in Arusha , Tanzania from 2005 to 2008 . Before becoming an international Judge , Justice Weinberg de Roca was a lawyer . She then became a Civil Judge , and later an Appeals Judge at Buenos Aires ' Administrative Court . Justice Weinberg de Roca is also a Private international law Professor at the University of Buenos Aires ( UBA ) and at the Universidad Argentina de la Empresa ( UADE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe683f219917db9cb5259cdf9686558", "text": "Calles Law The Calles Law , or Law for Reforming the Penal Code ( ley de tolerancia de cultos , `` law of tolerance of sects '' ) , was a statute enacted in Mexico in 1926 , under the presidency of Plutarco Elías Calles , to enforce the restrictions against the Catholic Church in Article 130 of the Mexican Constitution of 1917 . Article 130 declared that the church and state are to remain separate . To that end , it required all `` churches and religious groupings '' to register with the state and placed restrictions on priests and ministers of all religions . Priests and ministers could not hold public office , canvass on behalf of political parties or candidates , or inherit property from persons other than close blood relatives . Calles applied the anti-religious and the anti-clerical laws stringently throughout the country and added his own anti-religious and anti-clerical legislation . President Calles applied existing laws regarding the separation of church and state throughout Mexico and added his own legislation . In June 1926 , he signed the `` Law for Reforming the Penal Code '' , which became known unofficially as the `` Calles Law . '' This law provided specific penalties for priests and individuals who violated Article 130 of the 1917 Constitution . For example , wearing clerical garb in public was punishable by a fine of 500 pesos ( approximately 250 U.S. dollars at the time , or worth $ 4250 in 2010 . A priest who criticized the government could be imprisoned for five years . Some states enacted further measures in the name of church and state separation . Chihuahua , for example , enacted a law permitting only a single priest to serve the entire Catholic congregation of the state . To help enforce the law , Calles seized Church property , expelled all foreign priests , and closed monasteries , convents , and religious schools . One result of the Calles Law was the Cristero War , a popular uprising of Catholic peasants in regions of central Mexico against the federal Mexican government . Between 1926 and 1934 , at least 40 priests were killed during the war . Whereas Mexico had some 4,500 Catholic priests prior to the Cristero War , by 1934 only 334 Catholic priests were licensed by the government to serve Mexico 's 15 million people . By 1935 , 17 states were left with no priest at all . Under President Lázaro Cárdenas , the Calles Law was repealed in 1938 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
af8bc7ae2888cdb4a72701c532b82117	Jimmy Carter was not a Democratic Presidential Candidate.	[ { "docid": "8ee8d7c70a6af562beb58ca276e4c98c", "text": "Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. ( born October 1 , 1924 ) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as the Governor of Georgia prior to his election as president . Carter has remained active in public life during his post-presidency , and in 2002 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with the Carter Center . Carter joined the United States Navy after graduating high school , serving on nuclear submarines . He left the Navy in 1953 to return to Georgia , where he worked as a peanut farmer . From 1963 to 1967 , Carter served in the Georgia State Senate . In 1970 , Carter won election as Governor of Georgia , defeating former Governor Carl Sanders in the Democratic primary . He served as governor from 1971 to 1975 . Despite being little-known outside of Georgia at the start of the campaign , Carter won the 1976 Democratic presidential nomination . In the general election , Carter defeated incumbent Republican President Gerald Ford in a relatively close election . On his second day in office , Carter pardoned all evaders of the Vietnam War drafts . During Carter 's term as President , two new cabinet-level departments , the Department of Energy and the Department of Education , were established . He established a national energy policy that included conservation , price control , and new technology . In foreign affairs , Carter pursued the Camp David Accords , the Panama Canal Treaties , the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ( SALT II ) , and the return of the Panama Canal Zone to Panama . On the economic front he confronted persistent `` stagflation '' , a combination of high inflation , high unemployment and slow growth . The end of his presidential tenure was marked by the 1979 -- 1981 Iran hostage crisis , the 1979 energy crisis , the Three Mile Island nuclear accident , and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . In response to the invasion , Carter ended détente , escalated the Cold War , and led the international boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . In 1980 , Carter faced a primary challenge from Senator Ted Kennedy , but Carter won re-nomination at the 1980 Democratic National Convention . Carter lost the general election in an electoral landslide to Republican nominee Ronald Reagan . Polls of historians and political scientists usually rank Carter as a below average president . In 2012 , he surpassed Herbert Hoover as the longest-retired president in U.S. history , and he is also the first president to mark the 40th anniversary of his inauguration . He set up the Carter Center in 1982 as his base for advancing human rights . He has also traveled extensively to conduct peace negotiations , observe elections , and advance disease prevention and eradication in developing nations . Additionally , Carter is a key figure in the Habitat for Humanity project and he has written several books about various topics . In reference to current political views , he has criticized some of Israel 's actions and policies in regards to the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict and has advocated for a two-state solution . He has vigorously opposed the Supreme Court 's decision in Citizens United v. FEC to strike down limits on campaign spending by corporations and unions , saying that the U.S. is `` no longer a functioning democracy '' and now has a system of `` unlimited political bribery . ''", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1ea974184c04f5ee2f9ce2de1044b075", "text": "United States presidential election in Massachusetts, 1960 The 1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 8 , 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election , which was held throughout all 50 states . Voters chose 16 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Massachusetts voted overwhelmingly for the Democratic nominee , Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts , over the Republican nominee , Vice President Richard Nixon of California . Kennedy ran with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas , while Nixon 's running mate was Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge , Jr. of Massachusetts . Kennedy carried his home state of Massachusetts in a landslide , taking 60.22 % of the vote to Nixon 's 39.55 % , a Democratic victory margin of 20.67 % . This made it the third most Democratic state in the nation , after Rhode Island and Georgia . As Kennedy narrowly defeated Nixon nationally to win the presidency , Massachusetts weighed in for this election as about 21 % more Democratic than the national average . Massachusetts had been a Democratic-leaning state since 1928 , when the Democratic Party had nominated the first Roman Catholic nominee for president , Al Smith . While Smith lost nationally in a landslide , partially due to anti-Catholic prejudice in much of the country , he won Massachusetts due to the massive turnout and support of the many Irish Catholics in the state . In 1960 , John F. Kennedy would be the second Roman Catholic to be nominated for president by a major party , and again his religion became an issue in some regions of the country . However , there was little doubt that Kennedy , an Irish Catholic born in Brookline , Massachusetts , would be able to carry Massachusetts in his presidential run . Prior to 1960 , Massachusetts had been a swing state , having voted for Democrats Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman in the 1930s and 1940s , but voting for Republican Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s . In 1956 , Eisenhower had carried the state by 19 points . The 21 point margin by which Kennedy won the state four years later thus represented a massive 40 point swing toward the Democrats between the 1956 and 1960 elections . Kennedy 's landslide victory in 1960 finally solidified the transformation of Massachusetts into a Democratic stronghold in the modern era . 1960 was the first election ever in which a Democrat had broken 60 % of the vote in Massachusetts , and thus Kennedy 's 60.22 % was the highest percentage of the vote any Democrat had ever received in the state up to that point . Religion was a major dividing factor in shaping the vote in 1960 . Nixon 's running mate , Henry Cabot Lodge , was also from Massachusetts , and had served the state as a Republican Senator , but was a Protestant , and represented traditional Protestant Yankee Republicanism in Massachusetts . Kennedy , an Irish Catholic Democrat , represented an entirely different strain of Massachusetts politics , the emerging majority coalition of urban and ethnic immigrant voters . In 1952 , Kennedy had first defeated Lodge to take the latter 's U.S. Senate seat , symbolizing this new Democratic coalition 's rise in the state . The residual Yankee Republicanism combined with the popularity of the Republican incumbent Eisenhower allowed Nixon to take a decent 39.55 % of the vote , but by 1960 , the ethnic Catholic vote held a decisive majority in Massachusetts , and turnout among Catholic voters reached record highs in 1960 . Kennedy carried nine of the state 's fourteen counties , including the most heavily populated parts of the state surrounding the large cities of Boston , Worcester , and Springfield . Nixon carried only five counties , three of them island or peninsula counties . Nixon 's most significant win was Plymouth County , which he won narrowly with 51 percent of the vote . Kennedy put in an historically strong performance in the state 's capital and largest city , Boston , home to many Catholics of Irish and Italian immigrant heritage . In Suffolk County , where Boston is located , Kennedy won a landslide with 74.4 percent of the vote to Nixon 's 25 percent , the first time in history that a presidential candidate had received more than 70 percent of the vote in the county . Kennedy was also the first Democrat to carry Norfolk County since Martin van Buren in 1836 . The decisive Democratic win in 1960 would foreshadow the political direction Massachusetts would take in the years to come , as it would become one of the most Democratic states in the nation in the elections that followed . In 1964 and 1968 , Democrats would even outperform Kennedy , and in 1972 it would be the only state in the nation to vote for Democrat George McGovern , ultimately making it the only state that Richard Nixon would never win in any of his three presidential campaigns . The 1960 election was also the last time a candidate who declared Massachusetts as his home state won the presidency regardless of his performance in the state . The next three presidential candidates whose home state was Massachusetts , Michael Dukakis , John Kerry , and Mitt Romney , all lost their presidential bids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04d51fb8610ee8c2fafc38a0172549bb", "text": "Michael Carter (politician) Michael Carter ( died November 1954 ) was an Irish politician and farmer . He was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the June 1927 general election as a Farmers ' Party Teachta Dála ( TD ) for the Leitrim -- Sligo constituency . He lost his seat at the September 1927 general election . He stood as an independent candidate at the 1932 general election but was not elected . Carter was an auctioneer and valuer and was also involved in the Ancient Order of Hibernians , once holding the position of Leitrim county president . He was elected to Leitrim County Council in 1911 . From 1926 to 1934 , he was chairman of Leitrim County Council . He died at Ruskey , Carrick-on-Shannon , County Leitrim , in November 1954 , at `` over 80 years of age '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90885f3a016e534eef8b7c570a78245d", "text": "United States presidential election in Connecticut, 1976 The 1976 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 2 , 1976 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1976 United States presidential election . Connecticut voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Connecticut was won by the Republican nominees , incumbent President Gerald Ford of Michigan and his running mate Senator Bob Dole of Kansas . Ford and Dole defeated the Democratic nominees , Governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia and his running mate Senator Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Ford narrowly carried Connecticut with 52.06 % of the vote to Carter 's 46.90 % , a victory margin of 5.16 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b53333990f2a7778bd985ada5e10b30", "text": "United States presidential election, 2016 The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election , held on Tuesday , November 8 , 2016 . The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine . Trump took office as the 45th President , and Pence as the 48th Vice President , on January 20 , 2017 . Concurrent with the presidential election , Senate , House , and many gubernatorial and state and local elections were also held on November 8 . Voters selected members of the Electoral College in each state , in most cases by `` winner-takes-all '' plurality ; those state electors in turn voted for a new president and vice president on December 19 , 2016 . While Clinton received about million more votes nationwide , a margin of % , Trump won 30 states worth a total of 306 electors , or 57 % of the 538 available . He won the perennial swing states of Florida , North Carolina , Ohio , and Iowa , as well as Clinton 's `` blue wall '' states of Michigan , Pennsylvania and Wisconsin , which had been Democratic strongholds in presidential elections for decades . Leading up to the election , a Trump victory was considered unlikely by almost all media forecasts . In the Electoral College vote on December 19 , seven electors voted against their pledged candidates : two against Trump and five against Clinton . A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again . Ultimately , Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton garnered 227 , while Colin Powell won three , and John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one . Trump is the fifth person in U.S. history to become president while losing the nationwide popular vote . He is the first president without any prior experience in public service or the military , as well as the wealthiest and the oldest at inauguration , while Clinton was the first woman to be the presidential nominee of a major party and the first woman to win the popular vote . This was the first time since the 1984 re-election of Ronald Reagan that Wisconsin voted for a Republican , and the first time since 1988 that the Republican nominee won the states of Pennsylvania and Michigan , as well as Maine 's second congressional district . It was also the first time since the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson that an electoral vote split occurred in Maine . On January 6 , 2017 , the United States government 's intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 United States elections . A joint U.S. intelligence review stated with high confidence that `` Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election . Russia 's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process , denigrate Secretary Clinton , and harm her electability and potential presidency . '' Investigations about potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials were started by the FBI , the Senate Intelligence Committee and the House Intelligence Committee . Donald Trump has criticized these conclusions by citing a lack of evidence , calling it a `` hoax '' and `` fake news , '' stating in a tweet : `` The Russia-Trump collusion story is a total hoax , when will this taxpayer funded charade end ? ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f1839d48914bd061174cf09e75379f", "text": "1840 Democratic National Convention The 1840 Democratic National Convention was held in Baltimore . The Democrats nominated President Martin Van Buren for reelection in 1840 in spite of his unpopularity following the Panic of 1837 . Vice President Richard M. Johnson was not retained on the ticket , as he was largely seen as a liability in the 1836 election and had focused much of his time as vice president on his own economic affairs . Former President Andrew Jackson backed James K. Polk for the position of vice president , but Van Buren supported his vice president 's renomination . The convention ultimately decided not to nominate a running mate for Van Buren . As a result , Van Buren became the only major party presidential nominee since the passage of the 12th Amendment to seek election without a running mate . Polk and Johnson both received electoral votes for vice president in the general election , but the Whig ticket won the election . Delegates from 21 of 26 states were in attendance . States not in attendance were Connecticut , Delaware , Illinois , South Carolina and Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c0432c1a093721a057a2051ff77b853", "text": "Presidency of John F. Kennedy The presidency of John F. Kennedy began on January 20 , 1961 , when he was inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States , and ended on November 22 , 1963 , upon his assassination and death , a span of days . A Democrat , he took office following the 1960 presidential election , in which he narrowly defeated Richard Nixon . He was succeeded by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson . Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president , and , at age 43 , the youngest person elected to the office . He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency . Kennedy played an important role in bringing American politics into the modern communications age , as his use of television provided a campaign model that spoke to voters directly , and his media presidency greatly weakened the power of political machines in party politics . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and especially with Cuba . In Cuba , a failed attempt was made in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro . Kennedy 's administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , it was discovered that Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of unease , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to nuclear war between nuclear-armed belligerents . To contain Communist expansion in Asia , Kennedy increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over his predecessor , Dwight D. Eisenhower ; a further escalation of the American role in the Vietnam War took place after Kennedy 's death . In domestic politics Kennedy made bold proposals in his New Frontier agenda , but few were passed by Congress . He did establish of the Peace Corps , and intensify the Space Race . Kennedy took steps to support the Civil Rights Movement , and after his death his proposed civil rights bill was passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd7e7a8ddfd77a121be305f10f35bac", "text": "Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1964 The 1964 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1964 Democratic National Convention held from August 24 to August 27 , 1964 , in Atlantic City , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0ae24913910553985ddc7ee6fc1753b", "text": "Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1984 The 1984 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1984 U.S. presidential election . Former Vice President Walter Mondale was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1984 Democratic National Convention held from July 16 to July 19 , 1984 , in San Francisco , California . As of 2017 , this is the earliest Democratic primary in which all primary winners ( of at least one contest ) are still living .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99716522da864ba047a9cddf81e5d106", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1884 The 1884 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1884 . All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election . New York voters chose 36 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President . New York was won by the Democratic nominees , Governor Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana . Cleveland and Hendricks defeated the Republican nominees , former Secretary of State and Senator James G. Blaine of Maine and his running mate Senator John A. Logan of Illinois . Cleveland narrowly carried New York State with a plurality of 48.25 % of the vote to Blaine 's 48.15 % , a victory margin of 0.10 % . In a distant third came the Prohibition Party candidate John St. John with 2.14 % , while Greenback Party candidate Benjamin Butler came in fourth with 1.46 % . New York weighed in for this election as less than 1 % more Republican than the national average . Cleveland 's narrow victory in his home state , with its 36 electoral votes , proved decisive in clinching him the 1884 election and allowing him to win the presidency . He won despite strong opposition to Cleveland from the corrupt Tammany Hall machine , which held significant influence over New York 's politics . Cleveland performed most strongly downstate in the New York City area , where he won New York County , Kings County , Queens County , and received over 60 % of the vote in Richmond County . Cleveland also won nearby Suffolk County , Westchester County , and Rockland County . Blaine won much of upstate New York , including a victory in Erie County , home to the city of Buffalo , although Cleveland did manage to win Albany County , home to the state capital of Albany , along with several rural upstate counties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db7d691c174d728789a65964921047db", "text": "Fifty-state strategy A fifty-state strategy is a political strategy which aims for progress in all states of the United States of America , rather than conceding certain states as `` unwinnable . '' In a presidential campaign , it is usually implemented as an appeal to a broad base of the American public in an attempt to win , even if marginally , every state , since even a marginal victory is effectively total victory for electoral purposes . It can also refer to an overall long-term strategy for a political movement such as a political party . This strategy is very ambitious and , when used for a specific election , is typically abandoned as the election day draws nearer . In the vast majority of cases , winning a state 's popular vote for president or senator -- even by a small margin -- means the state 's entire representation in the election goes to the victor without being divided . A fifty-state strategy requires a campaign to spend valuable resources in a rival 's strongest states , when those resources could instead be concentrated in swing states that will become a total win or a total loss based on only a small difference in popular votes . A president has won every state three times : in 1788 and 1792 , George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed , and in 1820 , James Monroe , running unopposed , carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time ( although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes ) . In 1936 , Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states , losing only Maine and Vermont . A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union , although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty : in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only Massachusetts , and in 1984 with Ronald Reagan losing only his rival 's home state of Minnesota . Both also lost the District of Columbia , which has had presidential electors since the Twenty-Third Amendment in 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e13fad644262b1b8943e584051071407", "text": "United States presidential election in Montana, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 4 , 1980 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 1980 United States presidential election . Voters chose 4 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Montana overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominee , Governor Ronald Reagan , over the Democratic nominee , President Jimmy Carter . Reagan won Montana by a landslide margin of 24.39 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9e9ead665bacd4c76460871b5b09248", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1916 The 1916 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 7 , 1916 . All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1916 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty-five electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President . New York was won by the Republican nominee , U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York , and his running mate Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana . Hughes and Fairbanks defeated the Democratic nominees , incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall . The former Governor of New York , Hughes won his home state fairly comfortably , taking 51.53 % of the vote to Wilson 's 44.51 % , a victory margin of 7.02 % . Coming in a distant third was Socialist candidate Allan L. Benson , who took 2.69 % . New York in this era was a Republican state in presidential elections ; however in 1912 , a strong third party run by former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt against the incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft had split the Republican vote , and had enabled Woodrow Wilson as the Democratic candidate to win New York State 's electoral votes in 1912 with a plurality of only 41 % of the vote . With the Republican base re-united behind Charles Evans Hughes in 1916 , New York returned to the Republican column , and delivered a fairly comfortable win to Hughes even as Wilson won re-election nationwide . Hughes ' seven percent margin of victory made New York State a strong ten percent more Republican than the national average in the 1916 election ; despite this , Hamilton and Greene Counties voted for Wilson , yet would never vote Democratic again until 1964 and never do so subsequently .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e820b03baf546d3b303f25470084b756", "text": "United States presidential election in California, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in California refers to how California participated in the 1980 United States presidential election . California voted for the Republican nominee , the state 's former governor Ronald Reagan , in a landslide over the Democratic incumbent , Jimmy Carter . Reagan won his home state by a wide 16.78 % margin and carried all but three counties . Among the counties Reagan won was Plumas , the first Republican victory in that county since 1920 . Reagan is also the last Republican candidate to carry the counties of Marin and Santa Cruz in a presidential election . 1980 stands as the last election in which California voted more Republican than the United States as a whole . This election indeed constitutes the most Republican California has voted relative to the whole nation since 1928 , when anti-Catholic prejudice against Al Smith had a substantial influence ; here , it was widely believed that Carter lacked understanding of critical Western issues , most importantly water development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "033a0c3f40eb1d28b96b26f66adb3cf8", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President . New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate . Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % . New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election . New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % . This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County . A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State . In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead . This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fefbb0cd40cf330b786f745d7fa9100", "text": "United States presidential election in Utah, 1924 The 1924 Unites States presidential election in Utah took place on November 4 , 1924 . All contemporary forty-eight states took part , and Utah voters selected four voters to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice-President . Rapid recovery of the economy from a sharp recession following World War I transformed the 1920s into a strongly Republican decade . Even the problematic issue of a farm depression had eased by the time of the election as prices recovered . It was also widely thought that the Teapot Dome scandal could do nothing to revive the Democrats as they were well-known to have equally severe problems therewith via the fact that recently deceased Woodrow Wilson had paid one hundred and fifty thousand dollars in legal fees to nomination frontrunner William McAdoo . Consequently , Utah voters strongly supported incumbent president Coolidge , who had come to power after Harding 's death in 1923 . As Harding had done in 1920 , Coolidge won all twenty-nine counties in Utah , a feat to be repeated by later Republican candidates in 1956 , 1972 , 1980 , 1984 , 2000 , 2004 and 2012 . The conservatism of Coolidge and Democratic nominee John Davis -- the only ever presidential nominee to win an electoral vote from West Virginia and the first from an antebellum slave state ( including border states ) since the Civil War -- led more liberal supporters of both parties to support Progressive Robert La Follette . Utah 's conservative Mormonism meant that La Follette was not as popular as in other western states , and he finished third well behind Davis . La Follette nonetheless did outpoll Davis in the Wasatch Front counties of Salt Lake and Weber , as well as the eastern , ethnically more diverse Carbon County . For this election , Utah essentially voted as the nation did , with the state on a two-party basis coming out as 5.90 percent more Democratic than the nation at-large , although the total Davis vote was within one percent of the national average , and the La Follette vote three percent higher than the country at-large , though lower than any state to the north or west . Utah was along with Arizona and New Mexico the only Mountain state where La Follette did not carry any county .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c798ee8225f79ab7b53d30338c4c95ad", "text": "United States presidential election, 1992 The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election . It was held on Tuesday , November 3 , 1992 . There were three major candidates : Incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush , Democratic Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton , and independent Texas businessman Ross Perot . Bush had alienated much of his conservative base by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes . The economy was in recession and Bush 's perceived greatest strength , foreign policy , was regarded as much less important following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War . Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote , and a wide Electoral College margin . The election was a significant realigning election after three consecutive Republican landslides . Northeastern , Upper Midwest , and West Coast states which had previously been competitive began voting reliably Democratic . As of 2016 , this is the most recent election in which an incumbent president was unseated , the previous one having been the 1980 election in which Ronald Reagan unseated then-incumbent Jimmy Carter . Perot 's campaign took 18.9 % of the vote , finishing second in Maine and Utah . This was noted for being the highest vote share of a third-party candidate since 1912 , though he did not obtain any electoral votes . As of 2017 , this is the last time Georgia and Montana voted for the Democratic candidate , and the last time the state of Florida was on the losing end of the presidential election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a49c7c5eb3653a87a043375d006e0b41", "text": "United States presidential election in Illinois, 1976 The 1976 United States presidential election in Illinois was held on November 2 , 1976 . Gerald Ford won Illinois with 50.10 % percent of the vote , but lost the general election to Jimmy Carter of Georgia . This is the last election where a Democrat won the White House without carrying Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a5b7da9f02944f8af5558a4af60c643", "text": "Silent majority The silent majority is an unspecified large group of people in a country or group who do not express their opinions publicly . The term was popularized by U.S. President Richard Nixon in a November 3 , 1969 , speech in which he said , `` And so tonight -- to you , the great silent majority of my fellow Americans -- I ask for your support . '' In this usage it referred to those Americans who did not join in the large demonstrations against the Vietnam War at the time , who did not join in the counterculture , and who did not participate in public discourse . Nixon along with many others saw this group of Middle Americans as being overshadowed in the media by the more vocal minority . Preceding Nixon by half a century , it was employed in 1919 by Warren Harding 's campaign for the 1920 presidential nomination . Before that , the phrase was used in the 19th century as a euphemism referring to all the people who have died , and others have used it before and after Nixon to refer to groups of voters in various nations of the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b8467a9b74834e22dc038a73cd929cd", "text": "Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1980 The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14 , 1980 , in New York City . It is notable for being the last time that an incumbent president lost a state 's presidential primary .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2d390c547776414d1c9282b0287ed58f	Ken Russell directed a film that was adapted from a novel by Paddy Chayefsky.	[ { "docid": "e69e288b9f54d70020dc9df4cd297d66", "text": "Altered States Altered States is a 1980 American science fiction-horror film directed by Ken Russell and adapted from a novel by the same name by playwright and screenwriter Paddy Chayefsky . The film was adapted from Chayefsky 's only novel and has his final screenplay . Both the novel and the film are based on John C. Lilly 's sensory deprivation research conducted in isolation tanks under the influence of psychoactive drugs like mescaline , ketamine and LSD . It marked the film debut of William Hurt and Drew Barrymore . Chayefsky was credited as a screenwriter for the film using the pseudonym Sidney Aaron , his actual first and middle names . The film score was composed by John Corigliano ( with Christopher Keene conducting ) . The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63200f10928b0415da06e894be297782", "text": "Ken Russell Henry Kenneth Alfred `` Ken '' Russell ( 3 July 1927 -- 27 November 2011 ) was an English film director , known for his pioneering work in television and film and for his flamboyant and controversial style . Critics have accused him of being obsessed with sexuality and the Roman Catholic Church . His films in the main were liberal adaptations of existing texts , or biographies , notably of composers of the Romantic era . Russell began directing for the BBC , where he made creative adaptations of composers ' lives which were unusual for the time . He also directed many feature films independently and for studios . He is best known for his Oscar-winning films Women in Love ( 1969 ) , The Devils ( 1971 ) , The Who 's Tommy ( 1975 ) , and the science fiction film Altered States ( 1980 ) . Russell also directed several films based on the lives of classical music composers , such as Elgar , Delius , Tchaikovsky , Mahler , and Liszt . Film critic Mark Kermode , speaking in 2006 , and attempting to sum up the director 's achievement , called Russell , `` somebody who proved that British cinema did n't have to be about kitchen-sink realism -- it could be every bit as flamboyant as Fellini . Later in his life he turned to making low-budget experimental films such as Lion 's Mouth and Revenge of the Elephant Man , and they are as edgy and ` out there ' as ever '' . Ken Russell died of natural causes on 27 November 2011 at the age of 84 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "62af8f799649205188d2a460ede223d7", "text": "Rough Magic Rough Magic is a 1995 comedy film directed by Clare Peploe , starring Bridget Fonda and Russell Crowe . It was based on a novel by James Hadley Chase called Miss Shumway Waves a Wand , with the screenplay written by Robert Mundi , William Brookfield , and Clare Peploe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8c06bd05be6cb3b9b0d0a467d7d800", "text": "Ken Hughes Kenneth Graham `` Ken '' Hughes ( 19 January 1922 -- 28 April 2001 ) was a British film director , writer and producer , who is best known as the co-writer and director of the 1968 children 's film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc26ee8b2a40448f07c0058540409ca0", "text": "Roughly Speaking (film) Roughly Speaking is a 1945 drama/comedy film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Rosalind Russell and Jack Carson . The plot involves a strong-minded mother keeping her family afloat through World War I and the Great Depression . The film was based on the autobiography of the same name , published in 1943 , by Louise Randall Pierson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04c06f49302a6dee09c7f5324a366b6b", "text": "ITV Sunday Night Theatre ITV Sunday Night Theatre , originally titled ITV Saturday Night Theatre , is a UK television anthology series screened on ITV , and produced by London Weekend Television ( LWT ) . Some episodes were produced with Kestrel Productions . Around 200 episodes aired on ITV from 1969-1974 , including productions of the plays Long Day 's Journey into Night by Eugene O'Neill , A Doll 's House by Henrik Ibsen , and Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw . Other episodes included adaptions of the works of William Shakespeare , James Joyce , Wilkie Collins , Simon Gray , Sam Shepard , Israel Horovitz , Arthur Miller , August Strindberg , J.B. Priestley , Lanford Wilson , and John Mortimer . Among its directors were Michael Lindsay-Hogg , Anthony Page , Mike Newell , Fielder Cook , Ted Kotcheff , Peter Wood , and Vivian Matalon . The actors involved included Helen Mirren , Laurence Olivier , Sean Connery , Anthony Hopkins , Michael Caine , Paul Scofield , George C. Scott , Laurence Harvey , Ralph Richardson , Diana Rigg , Trevor Howard , Glenda Jackson , Diane Cilento , Alec Guinness , Jane Asher , Martin Sheen , Colleen Dewhurst , Jean Marsh , Shelley Winters , Ian Holm , Richard Chamberlain , Edith Evans , John Gielgud , Shirley Knight , Ian McKellen , George Sanders and Margaret Whiting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5ca80ac8f89c0da3ee8dfa187d59aef", "text": "Dust (1985 film) Dust is a 1985 film directed by Marion Hänsel based on the J. M. Coetzee novel In the Heart of the Country . The film was shot in Spain and is a French-Belgian production . The film was selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . It won the Silver Lion prize , awarded to the best first or second major work by a director , at the 1985 Venice Film Festival . The jury recognised Jane Birkin 's performance as amongst the best of the year , but decided not to award a best actress prize because all of the actresses they judged to have made the best performances were in films that won major awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfd60216d18a109f35521a0a2004f944", "text": "Son of the Gods Son of the Gods is a 1930 American pre-Code romantic drama film with Technicolor sequences , produced and released by First National Pictures , a subsidiary of Warner Bros. . It was adapted from the novel of the same name by Rex Beach . Richard Barthelmess and Constance Bennett star as a couple in love who have a falling-out when she discovers that , though he looks Caucasian , he is actually Chinese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55bb02ada04d62b0c0acac27ab14fe77", "text": "Paddy Chayefsky Sidney Aaron `` Paddy '' Chayefsky ( January 29 , 1923 -- August 1 , 1981 ) was an American playwright , screenwriter and novelist . He is the only person to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay ( the other three-time winners , Francis Ford Coppola , Charles Brackett , Woody Allen and Billy Wilder , have all shared their awards with co-writers ) . He was considered one of the most renowned dramatists of the so-called Golden Age of Television . His intimate , realistic scripts provided a naturalistic style of television drama for the 1950s , and he was regarded as the central figure in the `` kitchen sink realism '' movement of American television . Martin Gottfried wrote in All His Jazz that Chayefsky `` was a successful writer , the most successful graduate of television 's slice of life school of naturalism . '' Following his critically acclaimed teleplays , Chayefsky continued to succeed as a playwright and novelist . As a screenwriter , he received three Academy Awards for Marty ( 1955 ) , The Hospital ( 1971 ) and Network ( 1976 ) . The movie Marty was based on his own television drama about two lonely people finding love . Network was his scathing satire of the television industry and The Hospital was also satiric . Film historian David Thomson called The Hospital `` years ahead of its time . -LSB- ... -RSB- Few films capture the disaster of America 's self-destructive idealism so well . '' His screenplay for Network is often regarded as his masterpiece , and has been hailed as `` the kind of literate , darkly funny and breathtakingly prescient material that prompts many to claim it as the greatest screenplay of the 20th century . '' Chayefsky 's early stories were frequently influenced by the author 's childhood in The Bronx . Chayefsky was part of the inaugural class of inductees into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ' Television Hall of Fame . He received this honor three years after his death , in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "348fa6460571b0bb95b54f07e4b1365b", "text": "Lost Empires Lost Empires is a 1986 television adaptation of J. B. Priestley 's novel of the same name , and starred Colin Firth , John Castle and Laurence Olivier . Produced by Granada Television , it was shown as a serial , and premiered on the UK 's ITV network in October and November 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89afe340efafaf98ed683971177e9b22", "text": "Let the People Sing (novel) Let the People Sing is a 1939 comedy novel by the British writer J. B. Priestley . It examines civic politics and corruption in the small English town of Dunbury , where the music hall is due to be closed . It was adapted into a 1942 film '' Let the People Sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e416fbaf2112646085036c63826b864", "text": "A Woman Rebels A Woman Rebels is a 1936 RKO film adapted from the novel Portrait of a Rebel by Netta Syrett and starring Katharine Hepburn as Pamela Thistlewaite , who rebels against the social mores of Victorian England . The film was directed by Mark Sandrich , was the film debut of Van Heflin , and the final film of David Manners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eed020393dc6fd0a07720426401749a2", "text": "Russell Payne (author) Russell Payne is an English writer and artist , author of humour , science fiction and fantasy short stories and novels , weblogs , graphic novels , comics , and films . His notable works include Morris Telford - A Salopian Odyssey weblog for the BBC and subsequent novel , Marlowe Bidforth 's Backpack Adventure , and the Prism award-winning American Spoon Indigo . He collaborated with screenwriter Philip Railsback on a number of screenplays . Famous in writing circles for using a staggering number of pseudonyms , he argues that this helps keep his work fresh , ensures the writing stands on its own merit rather than his reputation and `` irritates my publicist so much that it 's become a self-destructive habit I ca n't give up '' . He is also the co-founder along with Darrell Till of the media production company Tiny Lapel . The music video `` Sell Out Story '' for the band `` The Ohms '' was animated and directed by him as a favour for a friend and went on to win the `` 2004 Mill Award for new media Animation '' . He has recently been appearing at comicbook conventions in the UK giving talks on Jack Kirby and representing the Jack Kirby Museum . His digital artwork was used in December 2014 as part of the ` On Creating Reality , by Andy Kaufman ' exhibition at the London Frieze .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48531ac0fefb6047de4876191b160cf1", "text": "Solomon Kane (film) Solomon Kane is a 2009 French-British-Czech dark fantasy action-adventure film written and directed by Michael J. Bassett based on the pulp magazine character Solomon Kane created in 1928 by Robert E. Howard . James Purefoy stars in the title role . Despite optioning the rights in 1997 , filming did not begin until January 2008 . The film is an original story for the Kane character and was intended to be the first of a trilogy . The plot follows a redemption story for Kane , from the end of his life as a privateer , through the salvation of his soul by rescuing a Puritan girl and the beginning of his life as the Puritan avenger of the source material . It was produced by a consortium of French , Czech , and British companies and mostly filmed in the Czech Republic . The film was first shown at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival . It went on general release in France , Spain , and the UK over the end of 2009 and the beginning of 2010 . Reception was generally favourable , with a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 66 % following the UK/US release ; the film 's atmosphere and Purefoy 's acting attracted the most acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e3e16f5f6cfc14c10b7d3f023de415d", "text": "Taitei no Ken ( aka : The Sword of Alexander ) is a series of novels by Baku Yumemakura . They blend samurai action with sci-fi elements . The first novel was adapted into a 2007 movie directed by Yukihiko Tsutsumi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83f3377ecc2dc904f8e7222c97584a7c", "text": "Country Dance (film) Country Dance ( also known as Brotherly Love in the USA ) is a 1970 British drama film based on the novel Household Ghosts ( 1961 ) by James Kennaway which became a three-act stage play in 1967 . The film was released on 22 April 1970 ; it was directed by J. Lee Thompson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f23b470ef4753baa5ef333589377605", "text": "Family Business (film) Family Business is a 1989 American comedy-drama heist film directed by Sidney Lumet with a screenplay by Vincent Patrick , based on his novel . It stars Sean Connery , Dustin Hoffman and Matthew Broderick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a08493736e039d49f83024f877d2e70", "text": "Coming Up for Air Coming Up for Air is a novel by George Orwell , first published in June 1939 , shortly before the outbreak of World War II . It combines premonitions of the impending war with images of an idyllic Thames-side Edwardian era childhood . The novel is pessimistic , with its view that speculative builders , commercialism and capitalism are killing the best of rural England , `` everything cemented over '' , and there are great new external threats .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e941669af6ad057d3beaa15834f2890d", "text": "The Pickwick Papers (disambiguation) The Pickwick Papers is the first novel by Charles Dickens . The Pickwick Papers may also refer to : The Pickwick Papers ( 1913 film ) , a British silent film adaptation The Pickwick Papers ( 1952 film ) , a British black-and-white film adaptation The Pickwick Papers ( 1985 film ) , an Australian animated film adaptation The Pickwick Papers ( TV series ) , a television adaptation first broadcast in 1985 by the BBC", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7070f36eaffde764f57732f831c07914", "text": "Murray Melvin Murray Melvin ( born 10 August 1932 ) is an English stage and film actor noted for his work with Joan Littlewood , Ken Russell and Stanley Kubrick . He is the author of two books : The Art of Theatre Workshop ( 2006 ) and The Theatre Royal , A History of the Building ( 2009 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c413181ad891379e5a5c3229392ff550", "text": "Ken Loach Kenneth Charles `` Ken '' Loach ( born 17 June 1936 ) is an English director of television and independent film . He is known for his socially critical directing style and for his socialist ideals , which are evident in his film treatment of social issues such as poverty , homelessness ( Cathy Come Home , 1966 ) and labour rights ( Riff-Raff , 1991 , and The Navigators , 2001 ) . Loach 's film Kes ( 1969 ) was voted the seventh greatest British film of the 20th century in a poll by the British Film Institute . Two of his films , The Wind That Shakes the Barley ( 2006 ) and I , Daniel Blake ( 2016 ) received the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival , making him the ninth filmmaker to win the award twice . Loach , a social campaigner for most of his career , believes the current criteria for claiming benefits in the UK are `` a Kafka-esque , Catch 22 situation designed to frustrate and humiliate the claimant to such an extent that they drop out of the system and stop pursuing their right to ask for support if necessary '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88f51b43e57f3147303385a25d137e78", "text": "Birdy (novel) Birdy is the debut novel of William Wharton , who was more than 50 years old when it was published . It won the U.S. National Book Award in category First Novel . Birdy was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in 1980 , ultimately losing to The Executioner 's Song by Norman Mailer . Birdy was adapted as a film of the same name , directed by Alan Parker and starring Matthew Modine and Nicolas Cage . Naomi Wallace , a poet and playwright , adapted Birdy for the stage in 1997 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8033947d58200363449b615ed711eff1	Love Actually is a 2003 romantic film.	[ { "docid": "9d50b6d9b23dbd11afc8e120d12e4752", "text": "Love Actually Love Actually is a 2003 Christmas-themed romantic comedy film written and directed by Richard Curtis . It features an ensemble cast , many of whom had worked with Curtis in previous film and television projects . The screenplay delves into different aspects of love as shown through ten separate stories involving a wide variety of individuals , many of whom are shown to be interlinked as their tales progress . Most of the film was filmed on location in London . The story begins five weeks before Christmas and is played out in a weekly countdown until the holiday , followed by an epilogue that takes place one month later . The United States release was on 14 November 2003 and a week later in the United Kingdom , where it debuted to positive reviews , but received mixed-to-positive reviews in the US . The film was a box-office success , grossing almost $ 247 million worldwide on a budget of $ 45 million .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b8973103f0a51c4c05014fd2e31fc21e", "text": "Real Women Have Curves Real Women Have Curves is a 2002 American comedy-drama film that takes place in East Los Angeles . It gained fame after winning the Audience Award for best dramatic film , and the Special Jury Prize for acting in the 2002 Sundance Film Festival . The film went on to receive the Youth Jury Award at the San Sebastian International Film Festival , the Humanitas Prize , the Imagen Award at the Imagen Foundation Awards , and Special Recognition by the National Board of Review . The film was directed by Patricia Cardoso , and stars a young America Ferrera as protagonist Ana García . The film is based on a play ( of the same title ) written by Josefina Lopez , who co-authored the screenplay for the film with producer George LaVoo . According to the Sundance Institute , the film gives a voice to young women who are struggling to love themselves and find respect in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2856bee13c0911213a835783bba0c953", "text": "Lovers' Concerto (film) Lovers ' Concerto ( ; lit . `` Love Novel '' ) is a 2002 South Korean film directed by Lee Han . It is a romantic melodrama dealing with friendship , jealousy and the ties that bind .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ae0438d20fa657c87385c61711d8085", "text": "2003 Bergen International Film Festival The 2003 Bergen International Film Festival was arranged in Bergen , Norway 16 -- 21 October 2003 , and was the fourth edition of the festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b1810e20c47ffb43c81cbaf37e93688", "text": "Love Don't Cost a Thing (film) Love Do n't Cost a Thing ( stylized as Love Do n't Co $ t a Thing ) is a 2003 American teen comedy film written and directed by Troy Beyer and starring Nick Cannon and Christina Milian . It also stars Steve Harvey , Kenan Thompson and Kal Penn. . The film is a remake of the 1987 film Ca n't Buy Me Love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "910b1165e6d62c52b57560f2eeb77173", "text": "Romantically Romantically is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on November 18 , 1963 , by Columbia Records and was also the final original studio album recorded by Mathis for the label prior to his moving to Mercury Records . Mathis had recorded exclusively for Columbia from 1956 to 1963 . After a brief stint with Mercury , he returned to Columbia in 1967 . His first Mercury project , Sounds of Christmas , was actually released six weeks before this one , on October 4 . Romantically made its first appearance on Billboard magazine 's album chart in the issue dated December 28 , 1963 , and peaked at number 23 over the course of 27 weeks . The first compact disc release of the album came on June 9 , 2009 , when it was issued as disc two of a two-CD set that also included his 1962 LP Rapture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "279b10a100e44bf8bd4b835b271889e5", "text": "The Fourth World War The Fourth World War is a 2003 feature film directed by Richard Rowley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cb6fa5851e709254c008d9da57c93b2", "text": "Happy Ero Christmas Happy Ero Christmas is a 2003 South Korean romantic comedy film starring Cha Tae-hyun and Kim Sun-a .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e1db7ef5ce481651b446c320687bfdd", "text": "Love Rules (film) Love Rules is a 2004 comedy film starring Joey Lawrence and Maggie Lawson , airing on ABC Family . On its premiere night , Love Rules opened up with 4.1 million viewers tuning in for its premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38c9d99705caa2aa846f88dfd4237ce", "text": "The Cooler The Cooler is a 2003 American romantic drama film directed by Wayne Kramer . The original screenplay was written by Kramer and Frank Hannah . In old-school gambling parlance , a casino `` cooler '' is an unlucky individual , usually a casino employee , whose mere presence at the gambling tables usually results in a streak of bad luck for the other players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f81544307a6865db60cc3ccb7d2a9ea", "text": "Swapnakoodu Swapnakoodu ( English : Dream House ) is a 2003 Malayalam film co-written and directed by Kamal . It stars Kunchako Boban , Prithviraj , Jayasurya , Meera Jasmine and Bhavana in the lead roles . The film 's score and soundtrack were composed by Mohan Sithara . The film was commercially successful and the songs in the film were shot in Austria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5000e8b46f349091518571db5fc6704", "text": "Courtney Love Courtney Michelle Love ( born Courtney Michelle Harrison ; born July 9 , 1964 ) is an American singer , actress , writer , and visual artist . Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s , Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades . She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole , which she formed in 1989 . Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics , as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain . The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll , Love had an itinerant early life . She spent her formative years in San Francisco and Portland , Oregon , where she was in a series of short-lived bands before being cast in two films by British director Alex Cox . After forming Hole in 1989 , she received substantial attention from underground rock press for the group 's debut album , produced by Kim Gordon . Hole 's second release , Live Through This ( 1994 ) , gave her high-profile renown with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales . In 1995 , Love returned to acting , earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman 's The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) , which established her as a mainstream actress . The following year , she saw further mainstream success with the release of Hole 's third album , Celebrity Skin ( 1998 ) , which was nominated for multiple Grammy Awards . Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s , appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) and Trapped ( 2002 ) , before releasing her first solo album , America 's Sweetheart , in 2004 . The next few years were marked by publicity surrounding Love 's legal troubles and drug addiction , which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was in the process of writing a second planned solo album . That project became Nobody 's Daughter , which was released in 2010 as a Hole album but without any other members of the original lineup . Between 2014 and 2015 , she released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire . Love has also had endeavors in writing , co-creating and co-authoring three volumes of a manga , Princess Ai , between 2004 and 2006 , as well as a memoir , Dirty Blonde : The Diaries of Courtney Love ( 2006 ) . In 2012 , she premiered an exhibit of mixed media visual art titled And She 's Not Even Pretty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3714e66923cec736f947a9de7bd5357d", "text": "Love Story (novel) Love Story is a 1970 romance novel by American writer Erich Segal . The book 's origins lay in a screenplay that Segal wrote , and that was subsequently approved for production by Paramount Pictures . Paramount requested that Segal adapt the story into novel form as a preview of sorts for the film . The novel was released on February 14 , 1970 , Valentine 's Day . Portions of the story originally appeared in The Ladies ' Home Journal . Love Story became the top-selling work of fiction for all of 1970 in the United States , and was translated into more than 20 languages . The novel stayed for 41 weeks in The New York Times Best Seller list , reaching the top spot . A sequel , Oliver 's Story , was published in 1977 . The film ( Love Story ) was released on December 16 , 1970 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e10ae9c10ac3ecfd0bf88ad04824dee9", "text": "Toxic Love Toxic Love ( Amore tossico ) is a 1983 Italian drama film directed by Claudio Caligari . The film depicts a realistic and graphic portrayal of the heroin addiction that afflicted many young drifters in the eighties . The cast was entirely made of amateur actors , of whom most of them were or had been drug addicts . The film premiered at the 40th Venice International Film Festival , in which it won the De Sica Award . It was also screened at the San Sebastián International Film Festival , in which Michela Mioni was awarded best actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "534c63926df0cbb7b33e986808c6aa7b", "text": "2003 Radio Disney Music Awards The 2003 Radio Disney Music Awards was held at the Radio Disney studios . Hilary Duff was the biggest winner that year . Like the shows before , it was not a ceremony , but a special feature on Radio Disney", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5efdc213a48f2941314db6204e92a7b", "text": "Les Côtelettes Les Côtelettes is a 2003 French drama film directed by Bertrand Blier . It was entered into the 2003 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f527ba873b9bd2e6adbd50e0ba74b87f", "text": "Love in Nepal Love in Nepal is a 2004 Bollywood romantic thriller film directed by Rajat Mukherjee which was released on 6 March 2004 . Unlike Sonu Nigam in the male lead , who is otherwise a well known Bollywood playback singer , the film has Nepali film actress Jharana Bajracharya and Richa Ghimire from Nepal and Flora Saini in the female lead . This is Sonu Nigam 's second film as the male lead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00410d8aac709c822f0661f247d258ed", "text": "The Man Who Loved Women (1983 film) The Man Who Loved Women is a 1983 American comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and starring Burt Reynolds , Julie Andrews and Kim Basinger . It is a remake of the 1977 French film L'Homme qui aimait les femmes . It chronicles the affairs of an artist , as told from the perspective of his analyst and eventual lover . She chronicles his obsessive love of women , which leads to his eventual death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57aebe527772837b434bfacadabdf7cb", "text": "Red Nose Day Actually Red Nose Day Actually is a 2017 British romantic comedy television short film , acting as both a sequel to the 2003 feature film Love Actually , and a part of the fund-raising event Red Nose Day 2017 . Love Actually writer and director Richard Curtis returns alongside cast members Hugh Grant , Liam Neeson , Colin Firth , Andrew Lincoln , Chiwetel Ejiofor , Keira Knightley , Martine McCutcheon , Bill Nighy , Thomas Brodie-Sangster , Lúcia Moniz , Olivia Olson , Marcus Brigstocke , and Rowan Atkinson . The film was first broadcast on BBC on March 24 , 2017 as a part of Red Nose Day . A longer version of the film , featuring Laura Linney reprising her role and Patrick Dempsey , was broadcast in US on May 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b832c3fe504d7502bacb1e132a4a19e", "text": "Ups and Downs in the Sea of Love Ups and Downs in the Sea of Love ( ; literally `` One Hundred Thousand Tons Love '' ) is a 2003 Hong Kong romantic comedy television drama created and produced by TVB , starring Maggie Cheung Ho-yee , Nick Cheung , Joyce Tang , Ram Chiang , Angela Tong and Stephen Au as the main cast . Filming took place in summer 2002 on location in Hong Kong , California USA and a cruise ship docked at Victoria Harbour . Original broadcast began on Hong Kong 's Jade July 5 till May 30 , 2003 every Monday through Friday during its 9:30 to 10:30 pm timeslot with a total of 20 episodes .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5abffb525d059e771d71a5d942bd23bf	Samuel Witwer has yet to act.	[ { "docid": "d7ba8e1a6bcfe9740df3a07e718275fd", "text": "Samuel Witwer Samuel Stewart `` Sam '' Witwer ( born October 20 , 1977 ) is an American actor and musician . He has portrayed Crashdown in Battlestar Galactica , Davis Bloome in Smallville , and vampire Aidan Waite of the US/Canadian remake of BBC 's supernatural drama series Being Human on Syfy in the US and Space in Canada . He also voiced protagonist Galen Marek/Starkiller in the multimedia project Star Wars : The Force Unleashed , as well as The Son and Darth Maul in Cartoon Network 's Star Wars : The Clone Wars and Emperor Palpatine as well as Maul in Disney XD 's Star Wars Rebels .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0d6676523b27fabb0b361a6d64318e57", "text": "Samuels Samuels is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Andrew Samuels , Jungian psychologist Arthur Warren Samuels , Irish politician Chris Samuels , American football player Dale Samuels , American football player Dave Samuels , American musician David Samuels ( political scientist ) , political science professor David Samuels ( EastEnders ) , fictional character in BBC TV soap opera EastEnders David Samuels ( writer ) ( born 1967 ) , American author Dover Samuels , New Zealand politician Ernest Samuels , American biographer Giovonnie Samuels , American actress Gordon Samuels , Australian politician Howard J. Samuels , American politician Jamar Samuels ( born 1989 ) , American basketball player for Bnei Herzliya of the Israeli Basketball Premier League Joel Samuels , fictional character John Samuels , American actor Lawrence Samuels , arena football player Lesser Samuels , screenwriter Lynn Samuels , radio host Marlon Samuels , cricketer Maxwell Samuels , Belizean politician Moss Turner-Samuels , UK politician Robert Samuels , cricketer Ron Samuels , film producer Samardo Samuels ( born 1989 ) , Jamaican basketball player Theo Samuels , South African rugby union player Tony Samuels , American football player Warren Samuels , economist and historian of economic thought", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c4231fa9846e54af5255be5a269e090", "text": "Pembroke's Men The Earl of Pembroke 's Men was an Elizabethan era playing company , or troupe of actors , in English Renaissance theatre . They functioned under the patronage of Henry Herbert , 2nd Earl of Pembroke . Early and equivocal mentions of a Pembroke 's company reach as far back as 1575 ; but the company is known for certain to have been in existence in 1592 . In that year , a share in the company was valued at # 80 ( more than William Shakespeare would pay for New Place in Stratford-upon-Avon five years later ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b17552feb51e21ea8a06d8c1de55a2e0", "text": "Duet Acting Duet Acting ( often shortened to `` Duet '' or abbreviated as `` DA '' in tournament schedules and results ) is an event in competitive high school forensics . Similar to Duo Interpretation , Duet Acting varies in two major respects : first , Duet is not an official National Forensic League event although some state organizations , such as the Texas Forensic Association , the Louisiana High School Speech League , and ( formerly ) the Ohio High School Speech League practice the event . Secondly , unlike Duo , in which the actors are not permitted to make eye contact with each other or touch each other , Duet incorporates an element of acting . Cuttings must be made from scripts . Duet Acting involves two people , two chairs , and ( in some jurisdictions ) a table ; the furniture is supplied in each room of competition . Time limits vary , but generally each acting pair performs an eight - to twelve-minute scene , typically using only two characters . Occasionally the performers change roles , but can only play one character per scene in the manner of dramatic or humorous interpretation . The pieces may be either serious or funny , and the extensive use of movement is permitted ( i.e. , interaction between both characters , as well as with the table and chairs ) . Duet Acting has been removed from the Ohio High School Speech League . Category : Debating", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cd787747077a29f93b0267198689de9", "text": "The Great Duke of Florence The Great Duke of Florence is an early Caroline era stage play , a tragicomedy written by Philip Massinger , and first published in 1636 . It has been called `` one of Massinger 's best dramas , '' and `` a masterpiece of dramatic construction . '' A play titled The Great Duke was licensed for performance by Sir Henry Herbert , the Master of the Revels , on 5 July 1627 ; the scholarly consensus interprets this as referring to Massinger 's play . Topical allusions in the text have been read as indicating a date of authorship between October 1623 and March 1625 . The play was acted by Queen Henrietta 's Men at the Cockpit Theatre , and was published in quarto in 1636 by the bookseller John Marriot ; Massinger dedicated the work to one of his patrons , Sir Robert Wiseman , in gratitude for his `` supportment and protection . '' The quarto includes two commendatory poems , one by John Ford . Massinger is thought to have based his plot on the traditional story of Ethelwald and Elfrida , available to him in several versions ; he may also have been influenced by an earlier play , A Knack to Know a Knave . The play had no other publications or revival productions in its own era or in subsequent generations -- somewhat surprisingly , since critics have tended to regard it highly . Algernon Charles Swinburne called it `` remarkable even among Massinger 's works for elegance and grace of execution ; '' William Gifford , in his edition of Massinger 's works , wrote that `` It is impossible not to be charmed with the manner in which this play is written . '' In the play , Massinger exploits the richness of a courtly style , full of `` gay flourishes of language '' ( Act IV , scene ii ) , perhaps more successfully than in any other of his works . Though generally classified as a tragicomedy , there is nothing tragic and little serious in it ; the play can just as correctly be called a comedy of manners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72142050c9fd269615eb434fa11e9a1", "text": "James Wilby James Jonathon Wilby ( born 20 February 1958 ) is an English film , television and theatre actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe86d2c5690b599dda8e9e62d2ce51ec", "text": "The Play of Wit and Science The Play of Wit and Science is a mid-sixteenth-century English morality play written by John Redford . It is notable as one of the earliest plays to develop a moral thesis as part of a nominally unrelated plot . Redford was best known as a composer of keyboard music , and the play was written to be performed by the children 's choir of St. Paul 's Cathedral . The play concerns itself with education rather than salvation , stemming from Redford 's role as a teacher rather than as a preacher . The character Wit initially sets off with naive enthusiasm to learn by his own initiative , but eventually gains appreciation for the guidance of instruction in a narrative that contains elements of chivalric romance . Elements of the play may also be a reference to Henry VIII 's marriage to his fourth wife , Anne of Cleves . The play is known from a manuscript in the British Library ( Additional 15233 ) , which includes most of the play bound with pages of unrelated organ music . The manuscript omits the beginning few pages of the play , the music for the songs , and the lyrics of the final song . By one estimate , nearly half of the manuscript 's pages may be missing . There is no evidence that the play was ever printed , but it inspired two rewrites , one of which was written by Francis Marbury , and the plot was familiar enough that a pastiche of it was included in the play Sir Thomas More .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62710b06a2233a1daa64ac0db3884724", "text": "John Hewer John Hewer ( 13 January 1922 -- 16 March 2008 ) was an English actor and manager . He was born in Leyton , London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58209d74e0b5f8fad2cd7f48b2929466", "text": "Samuel Hoffenstein Samuel `` Sam '' Hoffenstein ( October 8 , 1890 - October 6 , 1947 ) was a screenwriter and a musical composer . Born in Russia , he emigrated to the United States and began a career in New York City as a newspaper writer and in the entertainment business . In 1931 he moved to Los Angeles , where he lived for the rest of his life and where he wrote the scripts for over thirty movies . These movies included Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ( 1931 ) , The Miracle Man ( 1932 ) , Phantom of the Opera ( 1943 ) , The Wizard of Oz ( 1939 ) , Tales of Manhattan ( 1942 ) , Flesh and Fantasy ( 1943 ) , Laura ( 1944 ) , and Ernst Lubitsch 's Cluny Brown ( 1946 ) . In addition , Hoffenstein , along with Cole Porter and Kenneth Webb , helped compose the musical score for Gay Divorce ( 1933 ) , the stage musical that became the film The Gay Divorcee ( 1934 ) . He died in Los Angeles , California . A book of his verse , Pencil in the Air , was published three days after his death to critical acclaim . Another book of his work was published in 1928 , titled Poems in Praise of Practically Nothing . The book contained some of his work that had been formerly published in the New York World , the New York Tribune , Vanity Fair , the D. A. C. News , and Snappy Stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c844f888c3d9d5ae63865855e0399e8b", "text": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead , often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern , is an absurdist , existentialist tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard , first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966 . The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from Shakespeare 's Hamlet , the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern . The action of Stoppard 's play takes place mainly `` in the wings '' of Shakespeare 's , with brief appearances of major characters from Hamlet who enact fragments of the original 's scenes . Between these episodes the two protagonists voice their confusion at the progress of events occurring onstage without them in Hamlet , of which they have no direct knowledge . Comparisons have also been drawn with Samuel Beckett 's Waiting for Godot , for the presence of two central characters who almost appear to be two halves of a single character . Many plot features are similar as well : the characters pass time by playing Questions , impersonating other characters , and interrupting each other or remaining silent for long periods of time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5c53db67b4fc17ab2c1a5797f45db20", "text": "Ludwig Satz Ludwig Satz ( 18 February 1891 -- 31 August 1944 ) was an actor in Yiddish theater and film , best known for his comic roles . A 1925 New York Times article singles him out as the greatest Yiddish comic actor of the time . He was born in Lemberg ( Lwów ) , Austria-Hungary ( now Lviv , Ukraine ) . At the age of 18 he formed his own theater company in Galicia ; he emigrated to the U.S. in 1912 . Satz played the male lead in the 1931 film His Wife 's Lover ( Zayn Vaybs Lubovnik ) , which was billed as the `` first Jewish musical comedy talking picture '' . He also played on Broadway , one of his more noted roles being Abe Potash in the 1926 Potash and Perlmuter of A. H. Woods . He starred in A Galitsianer Khasene ( A wedding in Galitsia ) ( music by Herman Wohl , lyrics Boris Rozenthal ) with Zina Goldstein and in Ven di zun geyt oyf ( Sunrise ) with Ola Lilith . His last role was in The Golden Land at the Public Theatre in 1943 . He died in New York City in 1944 survived by his widow , Lillie ; three daughters ( Celia , Mimi , and Frances ) ; two brothers , Alexander and Eli , `` an actor known professionally as Eli Mintz . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b11235cce795e029d9f2e96941b7ebdd", "text": "The Jew (play) The Jew is a comedy written by playwright Richard Cumberland and first presented at the Drury Lane Theatre in London in May 1794 . The play is notable as the first play in the English theatre to portray a Jewish moneylender as the hero of a stage production . An adaptation of the original play along with a facsimile copy of The Jew was published in 2012 as Sheva , the Benevolent . The anti-Jewish tradition on the English stage dates back at least to the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290 and is exemplified by the characters of Shylock in William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice and Barabas in Christopher Marlowe 's The Jew of Malta . In a series of articles called Observer , first published in 1785 , Cumberland created a character named Abraham Abrahams who would later serve as a template for Sheva , the title character in The Jew . In one instalment of Observer , Abrahams is quoted as saying , `` I verily believe the odious character of Shylock has brought little less persecution upon us , poor scattered sons of Abraham , than the Inquisition itself . '' A decade later , in writing The Jew , Cumberland sought to create a positive image of a Jewish man that would counteract centuries of anti-Semitic portraits . The tremendous success of the initial production prompted Cumberland to later write , `` The benevolence of the audience assisted me in rescuing a forlorn and persecuted character , which till then had only been brought upon the stage for the unmanly purpose of being made a spectacle of contempt , and a butt for ridicule . In the success of this comedy I felt of course a greater gratification , than I had ever felt upon a like occasion . '' Shortly after its London premiere , the play began to be performed in the United States , first in Boston , Philadelphia , and New York City and , later , in Richmond , Charleston , and many other cities and towns . The play was also translated into numerous languages including German , French , Hebrew , Yiddish , and Russian . The last known New York production under its original title was presented at the Bronx Free Synagogue in 1919 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edb98c5857533d2d392dc375f28b9ea1", "text": "The Sower (disambiguation) The Sower is a 1907 painting by Ivan Grohar . The Sower may also refer to : The Sower ( novel ) , a 2009 novel by Kemble Scott The Sower ( Millet ) , an 1850 painting by Jean-François Millet The Sower ( study ) , part of a series of paintings by Vincent van Gogh between 1881 and 1885 The Sower ( sculpture ) , a 1952 sculpture by Gustav Bohland The Sowers , a 1916 silent film directed by William C. deMille Parable of the Sower , a parable of Jesus found in the gospels Parable of the Sower ( novel ) , a 1993 novel by Octavia E. Butler The Sower is a 19ft . tall bronze sculpture located atop the Nebraska State Capitol in Lincoln , Nebraska , USA", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45f30ee68ec15c6b70f83103f4839676", "text": "Wes Brown (actor) James Wesley `` Wes '' Brown ( born January 26 , 1982 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d4d04cfa45a203997a78a4e337abc4e", "text": "Alfred Struwe Alfred Struwe ( April 22 , 1927 -- February 13 , 1998 ) was a German actor , best known for his television role as Dr. Alexander Wittkugel in Zahn um Zahn . Struwe was born in Marienburg , West Prussia ( today Malbork in Poland ) , the son of a postman , and grew up there with five siblings . His first acting experience was in Hitler Youth summer camps . In 1944 he was called up first into the Reich Labour Service , then into the military . After attending officer training school in Hanover , he was sent along with other young contemporaries into battle in the final days of World War II . In 1945 he rejoined his family in Leipzig . Since his father , Gustav , was opposed to his making acting his career , he instead had to attend a police academy , until in 1948 it closed and he was also discharged . From then on , he was able to dedicate himself entirely to acting . He had already performed part-time in amateur productions and taken private acting lessons during his police training . In 1949 he joined the theater company in Greiz and subsequently was engaged in Brandenburg , Zittau , Cottbus , Karl-Marx-Stadt and Dresden . Struwe made his first appearance before the cameras in 1954 , in the DEFA co-production Leuchtfeuer . Then beginning in the 1960s , his face was often seen on both movie and television screens . Several times he played the part of the would-be assassin of Hitler , Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg . In 1985 he played what would become his signature role , the eccentric dentist Dr. Alexander Wittkugel in the television series Zahn um Zahn ( `` A Tooth for a Tooth '' ) . This was so successful that in response to viewer demand the 7 projected episodes were extended and in the end 21 stories of `` Dr. Wittkugel 's Practices '' were produced . Struwe 's daughter Catharina Struwe is likewise an actress , with , for example , a longstanding engagement at the Neue Bühne in Senftenberg . With the dissolution of the Iron Curtain , the popular actor 's life became quieter . Struwe made occasional further appearances on stage and on television , but otherwise enjoyed his retirement . He died in Potsdam in 1998 after a lengthy illness caused by pneumonia and was buried in the Southwest Cemetery in Stahnsdorf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f2fcc8b202de7b3df3e1d67a2ff2e06", "text": "Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history This page describes the production history of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival . The Stratford Shakespeare Festival ( formerly known as the Stratford Shakespearean Festival and the Stratford Festival of Canada ) is a summer-long celebration of theatre held each year in Stratford , Ontario . Theatre-goers , actors , and playwrights flock to Stratford to take part -- many of the greatest Canadian , American and British actors have played roles at Stratford . It was one of the first and is still one of the most prominent arts festivals in Canada . The Festival 's primary mandate is to present productions of Shakespeare 's plays , but it also produces a wide variety of theatre from Greek tragedy to Broadway musicals to contemporary works . By 2017 , only three of the 14 productions were based on Shakespeare 's works . The following is a chronological list of the productions that have been staged as part of the Stratford Festival since its inception . On February 17 , 2015 , AP News reported that the Stratford Shakespeare Festival plans to film all of Shakespeare 's plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4f918075caedf250ca9eb9c23eecaee", "text": "The Storyteller Sequence The Storyteller Sequence is a series of one act dramas written for young people by Philip Ridley . The plays , all set in east London , use fairytale stories and theatrical conventions to reveal the traumas of their young protagonists . To date there are five plays in the sequence , although Ridley has intimated there will eventually be seven . The five written to date are Karamazoo , Fairytaleheart , Moonfleece , Sparkleshark and Brokenville ; note that although this is not the order in which the plays were written and performed chronologically , it is the order Ridley intends the finished `` sequence '' to run . An anthology bringing together the plays so far in the sequence was published by Bloomsbury Methuen Drama in late 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c00e3902752c111092a08d41658014a", "text": "Gower Champion Gower Carlyle Champion ( June 22 , 1919 -- August 25 , 1980 ) was an American actor , theatre director , choreographer , and dancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b1120501b341327bca0857c699f5e1a", "text": "The History of King Lear The History of King Lear is an adaptation by Nahum Tate of William Shakespeare 's King Lear . It first appeared in 1681 , some seventy-five years after Shakespeare 's version , and is believed to have replaced Shakespeare 's version on the English stage in whole or in part until 1838 . Unlike Shakespeare 's tragedy , Tate 's play has a happy ending , with Lear regaining his throne , Cordelia marrying Edgar , and Edgar joyfully declaring that `` truth and virtue shall at last succeed . '' Regarded as a tragicomedy , the play has five acts , as does Shakespeare 's , although the number of scenes is different , and the text is about eight hundred lines shorter than Shakespeare 's . Many of Shakespeare 's original lines are retained , or modified only slightly , but a significant portion of the text is entirely new , and much is omitted . The character of the Fool , for example , is absent . Although many critics -- including Joseph Addison , August Wilhelm Schlegel , Charles Lamb , William Hazlitt , and Anna Jameson -- condemned Tate 's adaptation for what they saw as its cheap sentimentality , it was popular with theatregoers , and was approved by Samuel Johnson , who regarded Cordelia 's death in Shakespeare 's play as unbearable . Shakespeare 's version continued to appear in printed editions of his works , but , according to numerous scholars , including A.C. Bradley and Stanley Wells , did not appear on the English stage for over a hundred and fifty years from the date of the first performance of Tate 's play . Actors such as Thomas Betterton , David Garrick , and John Philip Kemble , who were famous for the role of Lear , were portraying Tate 's Lear , not Shakespeare 's . The tragic ending was briefly restored by Edmund Kean in 1823 . In 1838 , William Charles Macready purged the text entirely of Tate , in favour of a shortened version of Shakespeare 's original . Finally , Samuel Phelps returned to the complete Shakespeare text in 1845 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c729974aa419adbcb5b307116e079f7", "text": "Propeller (theatre company) Propeller is a theatre company which presents the plays of William Shakespeare in the UK and around the world . The director is Edward Hall , and the casts are exclusively male actors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e4ff9a4b64ac5919ea30aa1057f6400", "text": "Samuel Brandon (author) Samuel Brandon was a 16th-century English writer , author of one known play , The Virtuous Octavia , published in 1598 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1154462c7a94c6b974bd27e69d845048	Top Dawg Entertainment is the label to which Kendrick Lamar initially signed.	[ { "docid": "10e920abf206eb299f0f14bf441bad11", "text": "Kendrick Lamar Kendrick Lamar Duckworth ( born June 17 , 1987 ) is an American rapper and songwriter . Born and raised in Compton , California , he embarked on his musical career as a teenager under the stage name K-Dot , releasing a mixtape that garnered local attention and led to his signing with indie record label Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) . He began to gain recognition in 2010 , after his first retail release , Overly Dedicated . The following year , Lamar independently released his first studio album , Section .80 , which included his debut single , `` HiiiPoWeR '' . By that time , he had amassed a large Internet following and collaborated with several artists in the hip hop industry , including The Game , Snoop Dogg and Busta Rhymes . His major label debut , good kid , m.A.A.d city , was released in 2012 by TDE , Aftermath and Interscope Records to critical success . It debuted at No. 2 on the US Billboard 200 chart and was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . The record contained the top 40 singles `` Swimming Pools ( Drank ) '' , `` Bitch , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' , and `` Poetic Justice '' . Lamar won his first Grammy Award for `` i '' , lead single from his critically acclaimed third album To Pimp a Butterfly ( 2015 ) . The album drew on free jazz , funk , soul , and spoken word , debuted atop the charts in the US and the UK , and won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album at the 58th ceremony . In 2016 , Lamar released untitled unmastered. , a collection of unreleased demos that originated during the recording sessions for Butterfly . He released his fourth album Damn in 2017 ; its lead single `` Humble '' topped the Billboard Hot 100 . Lamar has received a number of accolades over the course of his career , including seven Grammy Awards . In early 2013 , MTV named Lamar the number one `` Hottest MC in the Game '' , on their annual list . Time named Lamar one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016 . Aside from his solo career , Lamar is also known as a member of the West Coast hip hop supergroup Black Hippy , alongside his TDE label-mates and fellow South Los Angeles-based rappers Ab-Soul , Jay Rock and Schoolboy Q.", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a388153e7eafc3c4d97fa155cd148f9a", "text": "Money Trees `` Money Trees '' is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kendrick Lamar , taken from his major label debut studio album Good Kid , M.A.A.D City ( 2012 ) . The song , which appears as the fifth track on the album , features a guest appearance from his Black Hippy cohort , fellow American rapper Jay Rock . The song , produced by DJ Dahi , entered the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart at number 19 due to high downloads , following the album 's release . The song , mixed by Top Dawg engineer Derek `` MixedByAli '' Ali , features background vocals from American singer Anna Wise of Sonnymoon , as well as a sample from the Beach House song `` Silver Soul , '' from their 2010 album Teen Dream . On June 2 , 2015 Jay Rock released the sequel to the track ; `` Money Trees Deuce '' . However it only features Jay Rock , and not Kendrick Lamar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85a2b8fd164cb492cc4639414d45a75b", "text": "ASAP Ferg Darold D. Brown Ferguson , Jr. ( born October 20 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name ASAP Ferg ( stylized as A$ AP Ferg ) , is an American rapper from New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . Aside from his solo career , he is a member of the hip hop collective A$ AP Mob , from which he adopted his moniker . In January 2013 , Ferg signed a solo record deal with Polo Grounds and RCA , the same labels that helped launch A$ AP Worldwide , when Ferg 's A$ AP Mob cohorts A$ AP Rocky and the late A$ AP Yams , negotiated their own respective deal in 2011 . His debut album Trap Lord was released on August 20 , 2013 , and was met with generally positive reviews . On April 22 , 2016 , Ferg released his second studio album , Always Strive and Prosper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72b90efea620af4e5908c253b0b3bfa6", "text": "American Recordings (record label) American Recordings is a Los Angeles-based record label headed by record producer Rick Rubin . Formerly known as Def American Recordings , the label has been home to Slayer , the Black Crowes , ZZ Top , Danzig , Trouble , Tom Petty , Johnny Cash , The Mother Hips , and System of a Down , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb2575d6bd7167e7f4a41073baa0b819", "text": "Thug on da Line Thug on da Line is the second studio album by American rapper Krayzie Bone . It was released on August 24 , 2001 by Thugline Records , Ruthless Records and Loud Records ( under distribution from Columbia Records and Sony Music ) . The first and only single of the album single was `` Hard Time Hustlin ' '' featuring Sade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ad893b0ff55d392807253f16d6380f6", "text": "Hey (EP) Hey is the label debut EP by American rapper/producer Le1f , released on March 11 , 2014 on the Terrible Records . The EP also marks the first official hip hop release for Terrible Records , aside from Solange 's 2013 single `` Looks Good with Trouble '' that featured Kendrick Lamar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96f2e972590cd1956fd525f33f19775", "text": "Aspire Music Group Aspire Music Group , LLC is an American record label founded by Cortez Bryant , Gerald `` Gee '' Roberson and Derrick Lawrence in 2008 . Their roster currently only includes multi-platinum Canadian rapper Drake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fb51e024c42fd6e9091fc96d29080ee", "text": "Blank Face LP Blank Face LP is the fourth studio album by American rapper Schoolboy Q . It was released on July 8 , 2016 , by Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) , in conjunction with Interscope Records . The album serves as his second release under a major record label to music retailers , following 2014 's Oxymoron . The album features guest appearances from several prominent artists , such as Kanye West , Jadakiss , Tha Dogg Pound and Miguel , among others . The production was handled by various high-profile record producers , including Swizz Beatz , Metro Boomin and Southside , as well as frequent collaborators Nez & Rio , The Alchemist , DJ Dahi and members of TDE in-house production team , Digi + Phonics . Blank Face LP was preceded by a series of short films , which also served as respective corresponding music videos . To further promote the album Schoolboy Q embarked on a concert tour called the Groovy Tony Pit Stops . The album was supported by two singles , `` Groovy Tony '' and `` THat Part '' , the latter of which became Schoolboy Q 's second solo Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . Blank Face LP received widespread acclaim from critics and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 . It also debuted at number one on Billboards Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart . The album received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album , while `` THat Part '' received the nomination for Best Rap Performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a312d5dbe61197341ecb392bcb57438", "text": "Top Billin' `` Top Billin ' '' is a single for American hip-hop duo Audio Two , released as the B-side of the single `` Make It Funky '' from the album What More Can I Say ? It was released before First Priority Music inked a distribution deal with Atlantic Records . The song had a deep cultural impact on hip hop . The song was voted # 8 in About.com 's Top 100 Rap Songs . It was also included in both lists of the musical-reference book 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die : And 10,001 You Must Download . A remake of `` Top Billin ' '' was released in 1998 , this time a duet between Milk Dee and MC Lyte , which appeared on her album Seven & Seven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd", "text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb404d9bcaec4563bc57b911d4ec398d", "text": "Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "338697a5a6143829bb70f629a8bba668", "text": "A Boogie wit da Hoodie Artist J. Dubose ( born December 6 , 1995 ) , better known by his stage name A Boogie wit da Hoodie ( or simply A Boogie ) , is an American rapper , songwriter , and record producer from Highbridge , Bronx , New York City . He is signed to Highbridge the Label and Atlantic Records . He is best known for his breakout single `` Jungle '' , from his debut mixtape Artist ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3189594f3a24833a797e90a1b4741e8", "text": "G-Funk Entertainment G-Funk Entertainment ( formerly known as G-Funk Records and later renamed G-Funk 2000 : The New Millennium ) is an American vanity label founded by West Coast hip hop artist Warren G . It was a subsidiary of Def Jam , where it was dropped off and signed to Restless Records in 1998 under a new name to finally arrive to Hawino Records as G-Funk Entertainment in 2005 , where Warren G released his album In the Mid-Nite Hour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc0b21e34c9e5087548659e5924ca779", "text": "Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more . The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb437fd528ea5349041c0b68473f9195", "text": "Priority Records Priority Records is an American distribution company and record label known for many highly successful artists including Eazy-E , Ice Cube , MC Ren , Dr. Dre , Ice-T , Jay-Z , Mack 10 , Master P , Mia X , Mystikal , N.W.A , Snoop Dogg , Silkk the Shocker & Westside Connection amongst others . It also distributed many highly successful hip hop record labels including Death Row Records , Hoo-Bangin ' Records , No Limit Records , Posthuman Records , Rap-A-Lot Records , Rawkus Records , Roc-A-Fella Records , Ruthless Records & Wu-Tang Records amongst others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11d649f23fe1a681e635ff173547b5d2", "text": "Bitch, Don't Kill My Vibe `` Bitch , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' ( edited for radio as `` Trick , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' or simply `` Do n't Kill My Vibe '' ) , is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kendrick Lamar , from his major-label debut studio album Good Kid , M.A.A.D City ( 2012 ) . The song , produced by frequent collaborator Sounwave of Top Dawg Entertainment in-house production team Digi + Phonics , heavily samples `` Tiden Flyver '' , by Danish electronic group Boom Clap Bachelors . It was originally intended to be a collaboration with American singer Lady Gaga , but her contributions were ultimately excluded from the final recording due to timing issues . A remix of `` Bitch , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' featuring American rapper Jay-Z was sent to radio as the album 's fifth single on March 21 , 2013 , with the original version and another remix featuring British recording artist Emeli Sandé later being released . The song 's music video , directed by The Lil Homie and OG Mike Mihail , notably ends with an abrupt cut to a black title screen reading `` Death to Molly '' , intended to be a criticism by Lamar of glorification of the drug MDMA in contemporary hip hop music . `` Bitch , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' peaked at number 32 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 chart , also reaching the top ten on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e9aceb1a1788fdcab37eb05e6442b6c", "text": "Thuggin' Under the Influence (T.U.I.) Thuggin ' Under the Influence ( T.U.I. ) is the first independent album by American rapper Young Jeezy ( under the initial name `` Lil ' J '' ) . It was released on August 31 , 2001 , by his independent record label , called Corporate Thugz ( CTE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da4b2a1d70b8512771fb7c350119e177", "text": "The Firm (hip hop group) The Firm was an American hip hop supergroup that formed in New York City in 1996 . It was created by rapper Nas , his manager Steve Stoute , producer Dr. Dre and production team the Trackmasters . The group was composed of East Coast-based rappers , Nas , Foxy Brown , AZ and Nature , who served as a replacement for Cormega after he was ousted from the group . Although the group received initial hype and high expectations from fans upon their formation after collectively signing to Dr. Dre 's Aftermath label , The Firm 's debut album , The Album ( 1997 ) , generated disappointing sales and generally negative criticism . The album , which featured predominant mafioso rap-themes and production from Dr. Dre and the Trackmasters , was criticized for its mainstream , pop-orientation . Their debut album was the group 's only release and they disbanded in 1998 with each member continuing their solo careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2beb645f3c920513e01707fa3131e10d", "text": "Indie hip-hop Indie hip hop ( short for independent hip hop ) is hip hop that primarily exists in the independent underground music scene . The term underground hip hop may be used to describe both indie hip hop ( which is defined by its artists being unsigned or signed to independent record labels , rather than major record labels ) as well as alternative hip hop ( which is defined by music that diverges from mainstream hip hop music such as Gangsta rap . ) As the term `` indie hip hop '' is indicative of the musicians making the music rather than the music itself , it is not strictly a genre but rather covers a range of styles with clearly discernable hip hop characteristics . Like indie rock artists , many indie hip hop artists place a premium on maintaining complete control of their music and careers , releasing albums on independent record labels ( sometimes their own ) and relying on touring , word-of-mouth , and air play on independent or college radio stations for promotion . Some of its more popular artists , however , may end up moving to major labels , though often on favorable terms won by their prior independent success . Independent hip hop labels include Babygrande Records , Definitive Jux , Nature Sounds Records and Strange Famous Records . Notable indie hip hop artists include 7L & Esoteric , Bronze Nazareth , Chief Kamachi , Lord Jamar , Mr. Lif , Jedi Mind Tricks , OuterSpace , The Perceptionists , WMR Music Group and The Society of Invisibles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5b5458363fcf3093eb5a1dd836afe65", "text": "Top Authority Top Authority was one of the first rap groups from Flint , Michigan and among the earliest of the underground Midwest rap scene to release a nationally recognized album . Bootleg , a member of the slightly later Flint group The Dayton Family , told Murderdog magazine , `` We grew up together , same hood . We 'd be together every day . That 's family . '' He lists them as leading lights in Flint music , along with acts like Ready for the World and MC Breed . Rapper Chilla Pertilla defined Northern hip hop to Murderdog as `` Eminem , Twista , Bone , Breed , Dayton Family , Top Authority , Esham , and ICP '' . They first came to public attention with the single `` 93 ( Things Ai n't How They Should Be ) '' from the debut album Something To Blaze To ( TRAK Records , 1993 ) . Something To Blaze To reached # 21 on Billboard 's Top R&B Albums chart in April 1994 . The `` rolling g-funk trio '' ( as allmusic describe members Shotgun , Dalo and Flex ) followed up with Rated G for Wrap Records in 1995 . It featured scratches from DJ Aladdin and reached # 16 on the Top R&B Albums chart . allmusic considers 1997 's Top Authority Uncut ( The New Year ) to be their best release . It peaked at # 21 , with the single `` World War III '' charting at # 37 on Billboard 's Hot Rap Singles . In 2009 Top Authority returned with their fourth album , kush music , on which MC Breed and Do or Die make guest appearances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1de6bbf4152803b4ae01cb79416110", "text": "Thug World Order Thug World Order is the fifth studio album by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , released on October 29 , 2002 . This was the group 's final album under Ruthless Records and have now created their own label Bone Thugs Records . Bone Thugs Records started off promoting their first two artist set for solo albums , LaReece ( of ThugLine Records ) and Bruce Hathcock . Tomica and the group met in Miami to record the album , as well as get on better terms . The group recorded five tracks while they were there . The first single released from the album was `` Get Up & Get It '' , featuring 3LW . The second single released from the album was `` Home '' featuring Phil Collins , which charted in the UK . Due to Flesh-n-Bone being sent to prison on weapons charges he does not make an appearance on the album ( not counting the skit of him and DJ U-Neek ) . Not long after the album 's release Bizzy Bone was kicked out of the group leaving only Layzie Bone , Wish Bone & Krayzie Bone .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9045e4e5b615054d6b73fb5f3a4ca51f	Ron Cobb is a film designer.	[ { "docid": "9f8c17c5c641cc5befaa3ad45f849704", "text": "Ron Cobb Ron Cobb ( born 1937 ) is an American cartoonist , artist , writer , film designer , and film director . By the age of 18 , with no formal training in graphic illustration , Cobb was working as an animation `` inbetweener '' artist for Disney Studios in Burbank , California . He progressed to becoming a breakdown artist on the animation feature Sleeping Beauty ( 1959 ) . ( This was the last Disney film to have cels inked by hand . ) After Sleeping Beauty was completed in 1957 , Disney laid off Cobb and he spent the next three years in various jobs -- mail carrier , assembler in a door factory , sign painter 's assistant -- until he was drafted in 1960 into the US Army . For the next two years he delivered classified documents around San Francisco , then , after signing up for an extra year to avoid assignment to the infantry , was sent to Vietnam in 1963 as a draughtsman for the Signal Corps . On his discharge , Cobb began freelancing as an artist . He began to contribute to the Los Angeles Free Press in 1965 . Edited and published by Art Kunkin , the Los Angeles Free Press was one of the first of the underground newspapers of the 1960s , noted for its radical politics . Cobb 's editorial/political cartoons were a celebrated feature of the Freep , and appeared regularly throughout member newspapers of the Underground Press Syndicate . However , although he was regarded as one of the finest political cartoonists of the mid-1960s to early 1970s , Cobb made very little money from the cartoons and was always looking for work elsewhere.His cartoons were featured in the back to the land magazine `` The Mother Earth News . '' Among other projects , Cobb designed the cover for Jefferson Airplane 's 1967 album , After Bathing at Baxter 's . He also contributed design work for the cult film , Dark Star ( 1973 ) ( he drew the original design for the exterior of the Dark Star spaceship on a Pancake House napkin ) . His cartoons from the 1960s and 1970s are collected in RCD-25 ( 1967 ) and Mah Fellow Americans ( 1968 ) ( both Sawyer Press ) , and Raw Sewage ( 1971 ) and My Fellow Americans ( 1971 ) ( both Price Stern and Sloan ) . None of these volumes remains in print . In 1969 Cobb designed the Ecology symbol , later incorporated into the Ecology Flag . In 1972 , Cobb moved to Sydney , Australia , where his work appeared in alternative magazines such as The Digger . Independent publishers Wild & Woolley published a `` best of '' collection of the earlier cartoon books , The Cobb Book in 1975 . A follow-up volume , Cobb Again , appeared in 1978 . In 1981 , Colorvision , a large-format , full-colour monograph appeared , including much of his design work for the films Star Wars ( 1977 ) , Alien ( 1979 ) , and Conan the Barbarian ( 1982 ) , the first feature for which he received the credit of Production Designer . Cobb has also contributed production design to the films The Last Starfighter ( 1984 ) , Leviathan ( 1989 ) , Total Recall ( 1990 ) , True Lies ( 1994 ) , The Sixth Day ( 2000 ) , Cats & Dogs ( 2001 ) , Southland Tales ( 2006 ) , and the Australian feature Garbo , which he directed . Cobb contributed the initial story for Night Skies , an earlier , darker version of E.T. . Steven Spielberg offered him the opportunity to direct this scarier sequel to Close Encounters of the Third Kind until problems arose over special effects that required a major rewrite . While Cobb was in Spain working on Conan the Barbarian , Spielberg supervised the rewrite into the more personal E.T. and ended up directing it himself . Cobb later received some net profit participation . During the early 1990s , Cobb worked with Rocket Science Games . His designs can be seen most notably in Loadstar : The Legend of Tully Bodine ( 1994 ) and The Space Bar ( 1997 ) , in which he designed all the characters . Cobb also co-wrote with his wife , Robin Love , one of the ( 1985 -- 1987 ) Twilight Zone episodes . Among the most famous film props signed by Cobb are two of the swords he designed for the 1982 film Conan the Barbarian ( the `` Father 's Sword '' and the `` Atlantean Sword '' ) . Cobb 's original drawings of the swords are nowadays used , in cinema merchandising , to mass-produce and sell replicas .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "908a789346a09e2c7d451b79e20c3a41", "text": "Archigram __ NOTOC __ Archigram was an avant-garde architectural group formed in the 1960s - based at the Architectural Association , London - that was neofuturistic , anti-heroic and pro-consumerist , drawing inspiration from technology in order to create a new reality that was solely expressed through hypothetical projects . The main members of the group were Peter Cook , Warren Chalk , Ron Herron , Dennis Crompton , Michael Webb and David Greene . Designer Theo Crosby was the `` hidden hand '' behind the group . He gave them coverage in Architectural Design magazine ( where he was an editor from 1953 -- 62 ) , brought them to the attention of the Institute of Contemporary Arts ( ICA ) in London , where , in 1963 , they mounted an exhibition called Living Cities , and in 1964 brought them into the Taylor Woodrow Design Group , which he headed , to take on experimental projects . The pamphlet Archigram I was printed in 1961 to proclaim their ideas . Committed to a ` high tech ' , light weight , infra-structural approach that was focused towards survival technology , the group experimented with modular technology , mobility through the environment , space capsules and mass-consumer imagery . Their works offered a seductive vision of a glamorous future machine age ; however , social and environmental issues were left unaddressed . Archigram agitated to prevent modernism from becoming a sterile and safe orthodoxy by its adherents . Unlike ephemeralisation from Buckminster Fuller which assumes more must be done with less material ( because material is finite ) , Archigram relies on a future of interminable resources . The works of Archigram had a neofuturistic slant being influenced by Antonio Sant ` Elia 's works . Buckminster Fuller and Yona Friedman were also important sources of inspiration . The works of Archigram served as a source of inspiration for later works such as the High tech ` Pompidou centre ' 1971 by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano , early Norman Foster works , Gianfranco Franchini and Future Systems . By the early 1970s the strategy of the group had changed . In 1973 Theo Crosby wrote that its members had `` found their original impulses towards megastructures blunted by the changing intellectual climate in England , where the brash dreams of modern architects are received with ever-increasing horror . They are now more concerned with the infiltration of technology into the environment at a much less obvious level '' . The group was financially supported by mainstream architects , such as David Rock of BDP . Rock later nominated Archigram for the RIBA Royal Gold Medal which they received in 2002 . Sixpack France dedicated their Summer Spring 2009 Collection to this movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca27e1e5cea6f630909fd9a32a6b0232", "text": "Design paradigm The concept of design paradigms derives from the rather ambiguous idea of paradigm originating in the sociology of science , which carries at least two main meanings : As models , archetypes , or quintessential examples of solutions to problems . A ` paradigmatic design ' in this sense , refers to a design solution that is considered by a community as being successful and influential . Usually success is associated to market share or some other measure of popularity , but this need not be the case . For instance , the eMate and other Apple Newton devices can be considered as paradigmatic because of their influence in subsequent designs , despite their commercial failure . As sociological paradigms , a design paradigm is the constellation of beliefs , rules , knowledge , etc. that is valid for a particular design community . Here a paradigm is not a particular solution , but rather the underlying system of ideas that causes a range of solutions to be ` normal ' or ` obvious ' . A current example is the laptop : as of 2010 the design paradigm of laptops includes a portable computer unit consisting of a QWERTY keyboard , a hinged screen , etc. . Moreover , such device is assumed to be helpful in task such as education as in the One Laptop per Child project . While the first meaning of `` design paradigm '' refers to exemplary design solutions that create `` design trends '' , the second meaning refers to what a group of people expects from a type of design solutions . The term `` design paradigm '' is used within the design professions , including architecture , industrial design and engineering design , to indicate an archetypal solution . Thus a Swiss Army Knife is a design paradigm illustrating the concept of a single object that changes configuration to address a number of problems . Design paradigms have been introduced in a number of books including Design Paradigms : A Sourcebook for Creative Visualization by Warren Wake , and discussed in Design Paradigms : Case Histories of Error and Judgment in Engineering but never defined by Henry Petroski . This concept is close to design pattern coined by Christopher Alexander in A Pattern Language . Design paradigms can be used either to describe a design solution , or as an approach to design problem solving . Problem solving occurs through a process of abstraction and characterization of design solutions , with subsequent categorization into problem solving types . The approach is akin to the use of metaphor in language ; metaphors are used to help explain concepts that are new or unfamiliar , and to bridge between a problem we understand and a problem we do n't . Design paradigms then can be seen as higher order metaphors ; as the often three-dimensional distillation of a working relationship between parts , between groups of things , between the known and the unknown . In this sense , a bridge is a paradigm of the connection between the known and the unknown , and the functional equivalent of a physical bridge is consequently used in many fields from computer hardware to musical composition . The design paradigms concept has proven so powerful in traditional fields of design , that it has inspired a branch of computer science , where computational analogies to design paradigms are commonly called software design patterns . Importantly however , in design professions the term `` design pattern '' usually describes a 2-dimensional structure , whereas the term `` design paradigm '' ( or model ) usually implies a higher order , having 3 or more dimensions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e91564aef3fe1924380358c4af31bef", "text": "Jacques Rouxel (production designer) Jacques Rouxel is a French production designer . He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film Cyrano de Bergerac .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50cb7c942afe2d74c1ae2665b04eb655", "text": "Ron Smith (television) Ron Smith ( born July , 8 1966 ) is an American director , voice actor and animator . He has been the voice of Kevin in 3-2-1 Penguins and worked as an assistant engineer on RoboCop : Alpha Commando and a character animator on G.I. Joe : Valor vs. Venom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c42844a1a1fc778ea322ede39a2664fc", "text": "Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war . Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "002041dd6b87ffc8a81f4088a39c6e9a", "text": "Rona glassworks RONA a.s. ( distribution under RONA brand ) is a Slovak drinking glass manufacturer , established in Lednické Rovne , Slovakia , in 1892 . The name RONA comes from the former naming of the village `` Lednicz Rone '' . The company manufactures unleaded drinking glasses , known as crystal glass . 96 % of production is exported and is available in more than 80 countries worldwide . The yearly production of the company exceeds 60 million pieces ( 2016 ) . Product segments include households , the gastronomy business , aerospace , and ship catering . Products of the company can be found at Buckingham palace and the White House . RONA created also a gift set for the football club Manchester United designed for fan shops in 2006 . At the turn of 2008 and 2009 , the company created and manufactured sets for fans of FC Barcelona , composed of stemware for champagne , red and white wines and carafes . The glass from Lednické Rovne can be found in the New York Rockefeller center 's Rainbow Room , and in luxury hotels in Dubai and Las Vegas . The glass from the RONA company is supplied to airlines including : Emirates , Qatar Airways , Etihad , KLM , and American Airlines . Relief stemware set named Harmony was presented in an American sitcom from the world of young physicists , The Big Bang Theory . The main manufacturing programs of the glassworks : An automatic manufacturing of the stemware with attached stem , stemware with pulled stem , large accessory pieces such as vases , bowls , carafes and other accessories Handmade stemware , tumblers , vases , bowls , carafes and accessories Glass ( hand made and machine made ) refinements by various glass decoration techniques ( pantograph etching , cutting , painting , engraving , spraying , screen printing , tampoprint , an automatic calibration by laser ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49edc0e25c4d6f1b4445da248df86afe", "text": "Corporate design A corporate design ( CD ) is the official graphical design of the logo and name of a company or institution used on letterheads , envelopes , forms , folders , brochures , etc. . The house style is created in such a way that all the elements are arranged in a distinctive design and pattern . This includes dictating what ink pantones should be used in the coloring , and what typefaces . Governments may have corporate designs as well . On June 2 , 1999 , the German federal cabinet introduced a corporate design for the flag of Germany . The term ` corporate design ' is not the name of a specific design profession . Corporations do have special design needs based on their behaviors . They communicate their mission , objectives , needs , and product information -- with users , clients , or members ; with suppliers , distributors , service providers ; with the surrounding community and the media ; with financial institutions and other corporations , and with the state . They create , acquire , modify , organize and distribute large amounts of information and raw data , as well as goods and services . ( Sometimes the goods or services are themselves information . For example , The Yellow Pages , or The New York Times . ) A designer whose client is a corporation will include the logo and other elements of the corporate brand as a way to standardize and unify all communication between company and audience , whether in print or online . Scenarios that includes human-computer interactions take place through software and hardware user interfaces that are also branded and designed with the corporate culture in mind . ( Examples of user scenarios : update the Web site , transfer funds , document procedures , control security , operate machinery , plan projects , conduct virtual meetings , check inventory , fill an order , or ship a product . ) These interactions are increasingly taking place through Web sites , through mobile devices and at dedicated terminals , and may include sound , video , animation and user feedback mechanisms . A savvy designer will create designs that can be adapted to all of these applications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91341f6f4badbf81c4bcdc670856fabc", "text": "Robert Cobb Robert or Bob Cobb may refer to : Robert W. Cobb , US government official Robert Cobb ( American football ) , former American football defensive end Robert H. Cobb , American restaurateur , owner of the Brown Derby and creator of the Cobb salad Bob Cobb ( musician ) , Western swing bassist from Wagoner , Oklahoma Fictional characters Bob Cobb , the secret identity of Mon-El of the Legion of Superheroes when he lives in Smallville . Bob Cobb ( Seinfeld ) or `` the Maestro '' , a minor character from the American TV sitcom Seinfeld", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b23bcfc9d20618680ce76d1f3867489", "text": "Charles Cobb (economist) Charles Wiggins Cobb ( 1875 -- 1949 ) was an American mathematician and economist and a 1912 Ph.D. graduate of the University of Michigan . He published many works on both subjects , however he is most famous for developing the Cobb -- Douglas production function in economics . He worked on this project with the economist Paul H. Douglas while lecturing at Amherst College in Massachusetts . In 1928 , Charles Cobb and Paul Douglas published a study in which they modeled the growth of the American economy during the period 1899-1922 . They considered a simplified view of the economy in which production of output is determined by the amount of labor involved and the amount of capital used . While there are many other factors affecting economic performance , their model proved to be remarkably accurate . He also authored a number of books and pamphlets in his time including , ` The asymptotic development for a certain integral function of zero order , ' in 1913 , while working to attain his doctorate in Mathematics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d34cb07d090dc1bbf1d0a1524705fe2e", "text": "Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women . After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' . Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music . Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac4bc098b04dd605ba6bebdf5e049844", "text": "Clean room design Clean room design ( also known as the Chinese wall technique ) is the method of copying a design by reverse engineering and then recreating it without infringing any of the copyrights associated with the original design . Clean room design is useful as a defense against copyright infringement because it relies on independent invention . However , because independent invention is not a defense against patents , clean room designs typically can not be used to circumvent patent restrictions . The term implies that the design team works in an environment that is `` clean '' or demonstrably uncontaminated by any knowledge of the proprietary techniques used by the competitor . Typically , a clean-room design is done by having someone examine the system to be reimplemented and having this person write a specification . This specification is then reviewed by a lawyer to ensure that no copyrighted material is included . The specification is then implemented by a team with no connection to the original examiners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980192d6fa3366e4f0d2e64e3d4c0cb6", "text": "Kenneth Kokin Kenneth Kokin has been a producer for many first time feature directors . He is also a sworn deputy in state of Georgia . The debut feature film he produced for Bryan Singer , Public Access won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize . Ken Kokin and Singer developed a script with writer Christopher McQuarrie to produce the multi-Academy Award winning film The Usual Suspects which Kokin directed the substantial second-unit and co-produced . This achievement landed Kokin on the cover of Fade In Magazine as one of `` The 100 People to Know in Hollywood '' . Kokin spent the next several years dividing his time between working with new film makers and developing a screenplay on the life of Alexander the Great , written with Peter Buchman and McQuarrie , for Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio . ( Scorsese and DiCaprio chose to do The Aviator first , making way for Oliver Stone to produce his version of Alexander . ) Next , he produced and directed second-unit on McQuarrie 's directorial first feature , The Way of the Gun starring Juliette Lewis , Ryan Phillippe , James Caan and Oscar winner Benicio del Toro . The 2008 Sundance Film Festival marks Kenneth Kokin 's next statements in cinema with Captain Abu Raed the Audience Award Winner in festival 's World Dramatic Competition . This is not only the first independent film produced in Kingdom of Jordan but it 's the fist feature film from recent AFI graduate Amin Matalqa . 2008 is also the year where For Tomorrow the documentary that Kokin produced and directed in Argentina which was an official selection for the Tribeca Film Festival and the Newport Beach Film Festival where he won the Humanitarian Vision Award . This groundbreaking documentary premiered in 10 film festivals and won many other awards and created awareness about cause of Toms shoes assisting the company in achieve recognition as the fastest growing shoe company in the world . Kenneth Kokin 's dedication to directing started at 14 when he started making his own films with a borrowed Super-8 camera . In high school , he directed several claymation , live action shorts and documentaries on 16mm . His most ambitious teenage endeavor was a re-creation of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run where he combined animated clay figures and actors to win the Newbridge Reel Award for Best Picture . Upon graduating from University of Southern California Cinema , Kokin joined the Editor 's Guild and worked at both NBC and Amblin Entertainment . CBS hired Kokin to shoot , edit and direct the behind the scenes for the longest-running annual special , Circus of the Stars where he worked with lions , tigers , motorcycle , stunts , high-wire and trapeze acts . Having a passion for all elements of filmmaking from pre-production through production and post-production , Kokin chose producing and directing because they are the only jobs where he has the opportunity to participate in all areas of the process . Recently , Kokin has produced a Chinese-America co-production in Chengdu , China starring John Robinson http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1440281/ and Xiaolu Li http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0523735/ . Back in two thousand and eight , he traveled South America , Haiti and Africa directing documentaries about the pandemic of poverty and HIV facing children in those regions . Staying true to his roots in the crime genre Kenneth Kokin wrote the feature about the famous mobster , James `` Whitey '' Bulger . The Los Angeles Time piece June 26 , 2012 quoted Kokin to say , `` Finding out that Whitey Bulger was living in Santa Monica just three blocks away from me was a little like looking frantically for your sunglasses only to find out they were on your head the whole time . '' Kokin 's passion for documentaries continues as he is currently working on a feature about sea mammals as well as working as a producer in reality television . link title http://about.me/kenkokin", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17313649fe2b325d750f648cb1264537", "text": "Cobb's Comedy Club Cobb 's Comedy Club is a stand-up comedy venue in San Francisco 's North Beach neighborhood . It was founded in 1982 and has had many top comedians on its stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8a4d4e72fe5335bfd7e4656a8208894", "text": "Fisher & Fisher Fisher & Fisher was an architectural firm based in Denver , Colorado named for partners William Ellsworth Fisher ( 1871 -- 1937 ) and Arthur Addison Fisher ( 1878 -- 1965 ) . The firm was founded in 1892 by William Ellsworth Fisher as William Fisher , Architect . After ten years in practice alone , mainly designing starter homes , he partnered with Daniel Riggs Huntington from 1901 to 1905 as Fisher & Huntington , during which time the firm designed increasingly expensive residences and also commercial buildings . The firm then once more became William Fisher , Architect until 1907 , when William was joined by his younger brother Arthur Addison Fisher ; they worked together as William Fisher Architect and Brother until 1910 and then as William E. Fisher and Arthur A. Fisher , Architects until William 's death in 1937 . William 's son Alan B. Fisher , who had previously joined the firm , then became his uncle 's partner and the firm was renamed Arthur A. Fisher and Alan B. Fisher , Architects . From 1956 to 1959 they were joined by Rodney S. Davis as Fisher , Fisher and Davis ; on Arthur 's retirement the firm became Fisher and Davis . Finally beginning in 1967 , Alan Fisher was in partnership with John D. Reece and Hilary M. Johnson as Fisher , Reece and Johnson until his retirement in 1978 . In Colorado , the firm worked on dozens of notable buildings , and has left a legacy unique in the state . Of 67 surviving buildings in Denver identifiable as being by Fisher & Fisher , 50 are either listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) , individually or as part of historic districts , or are eligible for listing . Although most work by Fisher & Fisher was in Denver , buildings by them elsewhere in the state and outside it are also listed . For example , William and Arthur Fisher planned the town of Parco , Wyoming ( now Sinclair ) and designed its public buildings . The Fisher brothers were unusually innovative , and the firm 's buildings are in a variety of styles . The Railway Exchange Addition of 1909/13 and the connected Railway Exchange New Building of 1937 ( now the Hotel Monaco ) in downtown Denver show contrasting styles by the same firm . The New Building , by Fisher , Fisher & Hubbell , is one of Denver 's best Art Moderne works , although the architects denied at the time that it was `` modernistic '' . In April 2011 one of their works , the Cowperthwaite home , was the 2011 Denver Designer Show House , a fundraiser involving interior decorators prior to the house coming to market . Among lost works by the firm are the Lafayette Hughes and Gerald Hughes mansions . Surviving works include ( with attribution ) : Ashland Public Library , 207 N. 15th St. Ashland , NE ( Shankland , W.R. / Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed Belcaro , 3400 Belcaro Dr. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed Copperthwaite Home Ideal Building , 821 17th St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed Lorraine Lodge , SW of Golden Golden , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed McPhee and McGinnity Building , 2301 Blake St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed Neusteter Building , 720 Sixteenth St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed St. Thomas Episcopal Church , 607 Fourth St. Alamosa , CO ( Fisher , William Ellsworth ; Fisher , Arthur Addison ) , NRHP-listed Tower of Memories , 8500 W. 29th Ave. Wheat Ridge , CO ( Charles A. Smith , Fisher & Fisher , John Monroe ) , NRHP-listed Tramway Building , 1100 14th St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed Original public buildings in Parco Historic District , roughly bounded by Monroe Ave. , N. Fourth St. , Union and Lincoln Aves. , and N. Ninth St. Sinclair , WY ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2c663d714bf3ce3b7e62d0cf04a7702", "text": "Ron Roy (producer) Ron Roy is an American actor , producer , director , writer , composer and cinematographer . He is best known as the creator of the Moodtapes DVD/CD nature/relaxation series and the producer/director of the annual comedy special Stand Up Comics Take A Stand , which aired for four years nationally on The Family Channel . He has produced and directed film , television , theater , documentaries , radio , commercials and music videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3fc8786895e87624acbf774f04f73e", "text": "Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. . Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. . Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4879ff4646832790a6b26ec36dce7e19	Andre Agassi is a tennis player.	[ { "docid": "d04b61ed3b3e49b47f0cbdc30d314c72", "text": "Andre Agassi Andre Kirk Agassi ( -LSB- ˈɑːndreɪ_ˈæɡəsi -RSB- born April 29 , 1970 ) is an American retired professional tennis player and former World No. 1 who was one of the sport 's most dominant players from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s . Generally considered by critics and fellow players to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time , Agassi has been called the greatest service returner in the history of the game . Described by the BBC upon his retirement as `` perhaps the biggest worldwide star in the sport 's history '' , Agassi compiled performances that , along with his unorthodox apparel and attitude , saw him cited as one of the most charismatic players in the history of the game . As a result , he is credited for helping to revive the popularity of tennis during the 1990s . In singles tennis , Agassi is an eight-time Grand Slam champion and a 1996 Olympic gold medalist , as well as finishing runner-up in seven other Grand Slam tournaments . During the Open Era , Agassi was the first male player to have won 4 Australian Open titles , a record that was later surpassed by Novak Djokovic when he won his 5th title on 2015 , and then by Roger Federer in 2017 . Agassi is one of five male singles players to achieve the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era and one of eight in history , the first of two to achieve the Career Golden Slam ( Career Grand Slam and Olympic Gold Medal , the other being Rafael Nadal ) , and the only man to win the Career Golden Slam and the ATP Tour World Championships ( won in 1990 ) : a distinction dubbed as a `` Career Super Slam '' by Sports Illustrated . Agassi was the first male player to win all four Grand Slam tournaments on three different surfaces ( hard , clay and grass ) , and the last American male to win both the French Open ( in 1999 ) and the Australian Open ( in 2003 ) . He also won 17 ATP Masters Series titles and was part of the winning Davis Cup teams in 1990 , 1992 and 1995 . Agassi reached the World No. 1 ranking for the first time in 1995 but was troubled by personal issues during the mid-to-late 1990s and sank to World No. 141 in 1997 , prompting many to believe that his career was over . Agassi returned to World No. 1 in 1999 and enjoyed the most successful run of his career over the next four years . During his 20-plus year tour career , Agassi was known by the nickname `` The Punisher '' . After suffering from sciatica caused by two bulging discs in his back , a spondylolisthesis ( vertebral displacement ) and a bone spur that interfered with the nerve , Agassi retired from professional tennis on September 3 , 2006 , after losing in the third round of the US Open to Benjamin Becker . He is the founder of the Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation , which has raised over $ 60 million for at-risk children in Southern Nevada . In 2001 , the Foundation opened the Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy in Las Vegas , a K-12 public charter school for at-risk children . He has been married to fellow tennis player Steffi Graf since 2001 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6d3b657050b4650a119ab48d7c3f89a0", "text": "NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship The NCAA Division I Men 's Tennis Championship is an annual men 's college tennis national collegiate championship sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) for teams in Division I . The tournament crowns a team , individual , and doubles champion . The first intercollegiate championship was held in 1883 , 23 years before the founding of the NCAA , with Harvard 's Joseph Clark taking the singles title . The same year Clark partnered to Howard Taylor to win the doubles title . The first NCAA-sponsored tournament was held in 1946 . In 1963 , the NCAA began to organize separate tournaments for Division I and Division II . A tournament for Division III was also added in 1973 . However , after 1995 , the NCAA no longer holds a Division II tournament . The national championship rounds are contested annually in May . In recent years , the NCAA Division I Women 's Tennis Championship has been held at the same location as the men 's tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f28dee6932b6e4914dfe171b613025a", "text": "Agassi Tennis Generation Agassi Tennis Generation is a tennis sports game , developed by Aqua Pacific and published by DreamCatcher Interactive and Cryo Interactive for the PC , PlayStation 2 and Game Boy Advance . It was originally released for PC on August 12 , 2002 . The game features former tennis player Andre Agassi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcbe56bb0ce367e5bd167bf697009859", "text": "Tennis (magazine) Tennis is an American sports magazine owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group . There are 8 issues per year covering the world of tennis . The tennis.com website is an offshoot of the magazine and still part of the same media company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad258469a1123cae8bfdcfd37d299e1c", "text": "Top Spin 4 Top Spin 4 is a tennis video game developed by 2K Czech and published by 2K Sports released on the PlayStation 3 , Wii , and Xbox 360 consoles . The game features licensed professional players , venues and equipment with professional players like Roger Federer , Rafael Nadal , Novak Djokovic , Andy Murray , Pete Sampras and Andre Agassi . The game was released on March 15 , 2011 in America , and was released on March 18 in UK/Europe . A downloadable demo was released on March 1 for the PS3 and Xbox 360 . The PS3 version supports the PlayStation Move and is also compatible in 3D . The Xbox 360 version does not support the Kinect but is 3D compatible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "933058697b5999db9f4c3fea7834a2ab", "text": "Association of Tennis Professionals The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell , Bob Briner , Jack Kramer , and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players . Drysdale became the first President . Since 1990 , the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization 's name . In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour , which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour . In 2009 the name was changed again and is now known as the ATP World Tour . It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis ( WCT ) . The ATP 's global headquarters are in London , United Kingdom . ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach , United States ; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco ; and ATP International , which covers Africa , Asia and Australasia , is based in Sydney , Australia . The counterpart organization in the women 's professional game is the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9663c460dbef962873261eb73fe58541", "text": "Groundstroke A groundstroke or ground stroke in tennis is a forehand or backhand shot that is executed after the ball bounces once on the court . It is usually hit from the back of the tennis court , around the baseline . A tennis player whose strategy is to trade groundstrokes with the opponent is termed a baseliner , as opposed to volleyers who prefers to hit volleys near the net . There are many factors that may define a good groundstroke . For example , one groundstroke may use topspin and another backspin . Both can be effective for different reasons having to do with depth , opponent 's strength or weaknesses , etc. . Some characteristics of groundstrokes are : depth ( how close the ball lands to the opponent 's baseline ) , speed ( how fast it travels in the air ) , pace ( the ball 's behavior after it bounces on the opponent 's side ) , trajectory , and placement . If a `` good groundstroke '' is to be played , it would generally have a combination of the above characteristics to produce a shot that is difficult for the opponent to return . Generally , a groundstroke that lands deep and in the corner of the opponent 's court will make it more difficult for the opponent to return the ball . However , this is somewhat arbitrary and depends on the opponent and stage of the point being played . For example , a short angled shot , a moon ball ( very high trajectory ) , an off pace shot , etc. , may prove effective against opponent A but not opponent B.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea5194479895d8baf3a94aa7676c944", "text": "ATP Itaparica Known by various names , ATP Itaparica is a defunct men 's tennis tournament that was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit from 1986 to 1989 and the ATP Tour in 1990 . The event was held in Itaparica , Brazil and was played on outdoor hard courts . One Brazilian reached the final , Luiz Mattar in 1987 , when he was beaten by Andre Agassi . It was Agassi 's first win on the main ATP Tour . In 1990 , Mats Wilander won his final career tournament here . In 1991 the tournament was replaced by the ATP São Paulo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0318f69c1864dff08a908c9737ff3807", "text": "US Open Series The US Open Series is the seven-week summer tennis season linking twelve ATP World Tour and WTA Tour tournaments together . The Series leads to the US Open . It is often referred to as the U.S. or North American hard court season . From 2012 until 2018 , the series will be sponsored by Emirates . It was organized in 2004 as a way to focus more attention on American tennis tournaments by getting more of them on domestic television . Until 2004 , most summer North American tournaments were not on television , the exceptions being the highly televised ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events in Canada and Cincinnati . The eight non-Masters tournaments now enjoy about 50 hours of television combined -- about two hours on each day of their final weekends , chiefly on ESPN2 , which is where ESPN shows its tennis programming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca5f01aa35554669b2b4f15d587a270c", "text": "Camila Giorgi Camila Giorgi ( -LSB- kaˈmiːla ˈdʒordʒi -RSB- ; born 30 December 1991 ) is an Italian professional tennis player . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Macerata , Italy to Argentinian father and Italian mother , Giorgi started playing tennis at the age of five at a local club . After playing at a junior level , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2006 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . After winning her first title at the ITF tour in 2009 , Giorgi made her WTA tour main draw debut at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships . Giorgi went on reach the fourth round of 2012 Wimbledon Championships in just her second appearance at the tournament . Post her successful run at the championships , she made her Top-100 debut in WTA rankings . The following year Giorgi followed it up with a third round run at the Wimbledon Championships , and made her second Grand Slam fourth round at the 2013 US Open . Giorgi reached her WTA Tour event singles final at the 2013 BNP Paribas Katowice Open and won her first title at the 2015 Topshelf Open . She reached her best singles ranking of world number 30 in July 2015 . Giorgi is known for her aggressive style of game and her powerful flat groundstrokes and is considered to be one of the hardest hitters of the ball on the tour . Her biggest professional wins have come at the 2013 US Open , 2014 BNP Paribas Open , and 2014 Aegon International , defeating former world no. 1 players Caroline Wozniacki , Maria Sharapova , and Victoria Azarenka , respectively . In addition to that , Giorgi has won more matches against Top-10 players than she has lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b2537f8334859063ae48208cb641c8d", "text": "2002 Hamburg Masters The 2002 Hamburg Masters was a men 's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 96th edition of the Hamburg Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2002 ATP Tour . It took place at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg in Germany from 13 May through 19 May 2002 . The men 's singles event field was headlined by World no. 1 Lleyton Hewitt . Other top seeds competing were ( in order ) Gustavo Kuerten , Juan Carlos Ferrero and Yevgeny Kafelnikov . Ninth-seeded Andre Agassi withdrew just before the tournament and was replaced by lucky loser Fernando Meligeni . Roger Federer , seeded 11th , won the singles title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3530015e1e6216d1c98b80d719084f25", "text": "Bosworth Tennis Bosworth Tennis , also known as Bosworth International , is a family business which specializes in stringing tennis rackets but also designs and alters other aspects of tennis rackets to match the personal preferences of the players . They have worked with many of the top tennis players , notably Ivan Lendl . The company was created by Warren Bosworth in 1975 . By 1992 his business moved from Glastonbury , Connecticut to Boca Raton . It is now led by his son Jay Bosworth , who joined the company in 1982 . It is one of a handful of highly specialized companies catering to the top professional players , compabarable to Roman Prokes ( Maria Sharapova , Andy Roddick ) and Nate Ferguson ( Roger Federer , Novak Djokovic ) , but they also provide similar services to amateur players . Warren M. Bosworth Jr. ( January 5 , 1935 - July 7 , 2010 ) was born in Providence , Rhode Island . After his studies of embalment at the New England Institute of Anatomy , Warren Bosworth had many jobs , including embalmer at his father 's Warren M. Bosworth Funeral Home , and investment banker , before starting around 1970 a company that maintained tennis court surfaces . He married Barbara Bedard in 1959 . They lived with their three children in Hartford , Connecticut . After he had bought and adapted a stringing machine in 1972 , he was asked to redesign the stringing machine at Ektelon Corp. . He started working for the Aetna World Cup tournament in Hartford , and by 1976 became the Floor General there , responsible for the stringing , the grounds and the ball courts . In 1975 , he was so well known as a stringer and qualified pro trainer that he retired from the investment banking and became a full-time stringer , touring the circuit with his Bosworth Racket Clinic . Most famous collaboration is the one with Lendl . Roscoe Tanner claims his streak at the US Open in 79 ( including wins against Lendl and Borg ) was caused by Bosworth adjusting his rackets . Working with many of the top professional players , he was nicknamed `` The Wizard of Boz '' and `` The Doctor '' . He also worked as chief technical consultant for Snauwaert . In 1980 , he designed his first full racket , the Snauwaert Dyno . His second design was a racket for Jimmy Connors . Warren Bosworth also invented new stringing patterns like the Bosworth Pattern , perfect squares surrounded by rectangles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf088ab255d1b595c3f65a840c9f6498", "text": "2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season The 2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season began at the Chennai Open , where he won the title for the second time in his career . This was followed by victory at the Australian Open , where he defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the quarterfinals , followed by victory over world no. 1 Rafael Nadal in the final , to win his first ever Grand Slam title , launching him to a career-high no. 3 in the world , and the Swiss no. 1 ( ahead of Roger Federer ) for the first time in his career . Additionally , he won his first Masters 1000 title , defeating compatriot Federer in the final after coming back from a set down . During the first half of the season , Wawrinka went a perfect 6 -- 0 against top-10 opponents , including wins against three of the `` Big Four '' ( Djokovic , Nadal , and Federer ) . He also reached the semifinals of the ATP World Tour Finals for the second time in a row and finished the year helping Switzerland win their first Davis Cup . He was defending champion in Oeiras , but withdrew before the tournament began .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "368f815a364b8a5924186d5253992b22", "text": "French Open The French Open , often referred to as Roland-Garros ( -LSB- ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁɔs -RSB- ) , is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France . Named after the French aviator Roland Garros , it is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and the second of four annual Grand Slam tournaments , the other three being the Australian Open , Wimbledon and the US Open . Roland Garros is currently the only major held on clay , and it is the zenith of the spring clay court season . Because of the seven rounds needed for a championship , the slow-playing surface and the best-of-five-set men 's singles matches ( without a tiebreak in the final set ) , the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "695039d3ab8c2c65f692f57724a4a9e3", "text": "Petits As Les Petits As ( English : Small champions ) is a premier junior tennis tournament for players aged 12 -- 14 . It is held in Tarbes , France . It is often considered to be the European equivalent of the Junior Orange Bowl in Florida , United States due to the high number of international players that it attracts . The event has seen a number of its champions go on to become slam winners , including Rafael Nadal , Michael Chang , Martina Hingis , and Kim Clijsters . Due to the relatively restrictive age range , few players have won the title more than once , although Hingis and Timea Bacsinszky have both done so . Most recently , upcoming Spanish player Carlos Boluda became the first boy to do so . The tournament is played on indoor Green Set ( hard ) courts . Roughly 7,000 players enter the pre-qualifying tournaments held across France , with that number being narrowed down to 350 for the final qualifying stage , and 64 for the final tournament . The event is regulated by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) and has businesses such as Head , Eurosport , Coca-Cola , and Peugeot amongst its portfolio of partners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2f5294044ef644baff9329f1321feee", "text": "1990 Newsweek Champions Cup and the Virginia Slims of Indian Wells The 1990 Newsweek Champions Cup and the Virginia Slims of Indian Wells Cup were tennis tournaments played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 15th edition of the tournament , and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1990 ATP Tour , and of the Tier II Series of the 1990 WTA Tour . It was held from March 6 to March 20 , 1990 . The men 's singles draw was headlined by Boris Becker and Stefan Edberg . Other top seeds were Brad Gilbert , Aaron Krickstein , and Andre Agassi . The women 's singles draw featured Martina Navratilova and Conchita Martínez . Other top seeds present were Helena Suková , Jana Novotná , and Katerina Maleeva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1ecfaaf502e01238da83382437f2cb2", "text": "2005 Mercedes-Benz Cup The 2005 Mercedes-Benz Cup was a men 's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Center in Los Angeles , California in the United States and was part of the International Series of the 2005 ATP Tour . It was the 79th edition of the Los Angeles Open and the tournament ran from July 25 through July 31 , 2003 . First-seeded Andre Agassi won his fourth singles title at the tournament and overall last title of his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab553fd915f80dd9eda0cbd9f6e355ea", "text": "1999 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament The 1999 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament was a men 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts . It was the 27th edition of the event known that year as the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament , and was part of the ATP International Series Gold of the 1999 ATP Tour . It took place at the Ahoy Rotterdam indoor sporting arena in Rotterdam , Netherlands , from 15 February through 21 February 1999 . Second-seeded Yevgeny Kafelnikov won the singles title . The singles field featured ATP No. 4 , ATP Tour World Championships winner , and recent Sydney finalist Àlex Corretja , Australian Open champion , Halle and Moscow titlist Yevgeny Kafelnikov , and Tashkent and Basel winner , Doha runner-up Tim Henman . Also lined up were Stuttgart Super 9 titlist Richard Krajicek , Paris Super 9 champion Greg Rusedski , Karol Kučera , Thomas Enqvist and Goran Ivanišević .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80320f30067921aa235bab1985721340", "text": "List of Davis Cup champions The Davis Cup is an annual international team event in men 's tennis . Established in 1900 as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge , it is run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , who describe it as the `` World Cup of tennis . '' The first event in 1900 was a match between Great Britain and the United States , while 135 nations have entered the 2016 Davis Cup . The tournament sees players competing for their country in four singles and one doubles matches , known as rubbers , over the course of three days , with the team that wins three rubbers progressing . The countries are divided into groups based upon their location or performance in previous years . The Davis Cup World Group is the top level of the competition and features matches between players from the top 16 countries at the start of the year . Countries that lose their first round match face a relegation play-off against winning countries from the continental zones . World Group winning countries progress to the quarter-finals . Nations have to win a further three ties in order to claim the position of Davis Cup Champions . The United States are the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with 32 victories . Australia are second with 28 and Great Britain are third with 10 . Teams from Europe have won the competition the most with 42 victories , followed by North America with 32 and Oceania with 28 . Argentina are the current champions , they beat Croatia 3 -- 2 in the final in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3aed7b555d741c61dc426376722f347", "text": "2003 Australian Open – Men's Singles Thomas Johansson was the defending champion , but he did not participate due to an injury . Andre Agassi defeated Rainer Schüttler 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 1 in the final to win the Men 's Singles title at the 2003 Australian Open . This was Agassi 's eighth and last Grand Slam title , his first having come at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships . It was notable for the first grand slam appearance from Spaniard David Ferrer , who lost to Lee Hyung-taik in the first round and was also the final Grand Slam appearance of former no. 4 player Richard Krajicek .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07395d5c750a558d458d5dff6be0621b", "text": "Novak Djokovic Novak Djokovic ( Новак Ђоковић , Novak Đoković , -LSB- nôʋaːk d͡ʑôːkoʋit͡ɕ -RSB- ; born 22 May 1987 ) , often referred to by the hypocorism Nole , is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 2 in men 's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) . He is considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time . Djokovic holds the highest match winning rate ( 82.8 % ) in the Open Era , as of May 2017 . Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles , the fourth most in history , and held the No. 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks . In majors , Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles , three Wimbledon titles , two US Open titles and one French Open title . In 2016 , he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam ; by winning the 2016 French Open , Djokovic became the third man to hold all four major titles at once , the first since Rod Laver in 1969 , and the first ever to do so on three different surfaces . Djokovic has won an all-time record of 30 Masters 1000 series titles , tied with Rafael Nadal . Djokovic 's records include breaking the single-season record with six masters titles in 2015 , winning 31 consecutive ATP World Tour Masters 1000 series matches , playing in the finals at all nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments ( shared with Roger Federer and Nadal , and being the only player to win eight of the nine events ( and at least twice ) . Among other titles , he has won the ATP World Tour Finals five times and was on the Serbian team which won the 2010 Davis Cup . He also won the Bronze medal in men 's singles at the 2008 Summer Olympics . Djokovic is the first Serbian player to be ranked No. 1 by the ATP and the first male player representing Serbia to win a Grand Slam singles title . Djokovic has won numerous awards , including the 2012 , 2015 , and 2016 Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year , 2011 BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year , five-time ITF World Champion , and four-time ATP year-end number 1 . He is a recipient of the Order of St. Sava , the Order of Karađorđe 's Star and the Order of the Republika Srpska .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1c0b00f729b5b35a530750f94e09d5eb	There are Western Romance Languages.	[ { "docid": "ef0889a2e8462eb3371c523cee767d58", "text": "Western Romance languages Western Romance languages are one of the two subdivisions of a proposed subdivision of the Romance languages based on the La Spezia -- Rimini line . They include the Gallo-Romance and Iberian-Romance branches as well as northern Italian . The subdivision is based solely on the use of the `` s '' for pluralization and the weakening of some consonants , but that makes the categorization highly problematic because there is much higher lexical similarity between all dialects of Italian and French than between French and Spanish . There is also much higher morphological similarity between Spanish and Italian dialects than between Italian and French . Based on mutual intelligibility , Dalby counts a dozen languages : Portuguese , Spanish , Asturian-Leonese , Aragonese , Catalan , Gascon , Provençal , Gallo-Wallon , French , Franco-Provençal , Romansh , and Ladin . This classification criterion is however problematic , due to the much higher levels of mutual intelligibility between Italic and Iberian languages than between either of these with Gallo-Romance languages . Some classifications include Italo-Dalmatian ; the resulting clade is generally called Italo-Western Romance . Other classifications place Italo-Dalmatian with Eastern Romance . Sardinian does not fit into either Western or Eastern Romance , and may have split off before either . Today the four most-widely spoken standardized Western Romance languages are Spanish ( c. 410 million native ) , Portuguese ( c. 220 million native , another 45 million or so second-language speakers , mainly in Lusophone Africa ) , French ( c. 75 million native speakers , another 70 million or so second-language speakers , mostly in Francophone Africa ) , and Catalan ( c. 7.2 million native ) . Many of these languages have large numbers of non-native speakers ; this is especially the case for French , in widespread use throughout West Africa as a lingua franca .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8fa41599094d9504f35aa77319920121", "text": "Luxembourgish Luxembourgish , Luxemburgish ( -LSB- ˈlʌksəmˌbɜːrɡᵻʃ -RSB- ) or Letzeburgesch ( -LSB- ˌlɛtsəbɜːrˈɡɛʃ , _ ˌlɛtsbɜːr - -RSB- or -LSB- ˈlɛtsəˌbɜːrɡᵻʃ , _ ˈlɛtsˌbɜːr - -RSB- ) ( Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuergesch ) is a West Germanic language that is spoken mainly in Luxembourg . Worldwide , about 390,000 people speak Luxembourgish . . While it could be considered a standardized variety ( i.e. , a dialect with a written form ) of German , its official use in the state of Luxembourg and the existence of a separate regulatory body has removed Luxembourgish , at least in part , from the domain of the Dachsprache Standard German . Despite the lack of a sharp boundary between Luxembourgish and the neighboring German dialects , this has led several linguists ( from Luxembourg as well as Germany ) to regard it as a separate , yet closely related language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38cde950e2727e148fd1ca4fb418f996", "text": "Portuñol Portuñol ( Spanish spelling ) or Portunhol ( Portuguese spelling ) is the name often given to any unsystematic mixture of Portuguese with Spanish . The word is a portmanteau of the words Portugués / Português ( `` Portuguese '' ) and Español / Espanhol ( `` Spanish '' ) . Portuñol , or Portunhol , is a lingua franca , or simplified mixture of the two languages , that allows speakers of either Spanish or Portuguese who are not proficient in the other language to communicate with one another . When speakers of one of the languages attempt to speak the other language , there is often interference from the native language , which causes the phenomenon of code-switching to occur . It is possible to conduct a moderately fluent conversation in this way because Portuguese and Spanish are closely related Romance languages . They have almost identical syntactic structures , as well as overlapping lexicons due to cognates , which means that a single macro-grammar is produced when the two mix . The phrase en el hueco de la noite longa e langue illustrates a code-switch between the Spanish article la and the Portuguese noun noite . This example reveals the grammatical possibilities of code-switching between the two languages . Language contact between Spanish and Portuguese is the result of sustained contact between the two languages in border communities and multilingual trade environments . Such regions include the border regions between Portugal and Spain in the Iberian Peninsula , as well as the ones between Brazil , whose official language is Portuguese , and most of its neighboring countries , such as Uruguay and Paraguay , whose official languages are Spanish . Because Portuñol is a spontaneous register resulting from the occasional mixing of Spanish and Portuguese , it is highly diverse ; there is no one dialect or standard of Portuñol . There does , however , tend to be a stronger presence of Spanish in Portuñol . In recent years , Portuñol has begun to appear in realms other than everyday speech . It has become a literary medium , especially in Uruguay and Brazil . María Jesus Fernández García describes it as a linguistic recreation of the actual language . However , she goes on to say that the literature only occasionally provides a true representation of Portuñol , and that authors often choose to select only some of the features that are characteristic of Portuñol . One important literary work written in Portuñol is Mar paraguayo by Brazilian author Wilson Bueno . The following passage shows the mixing of Spanish and Portuguese in his novel . The appearance of Portuñol has prompted two opposing opinions or attitudes towards its existence . On the one hand , it is viewed as the product of laziness among speakers unwilling to learn a different language . On the other hand , it is seen as the logical product of globalization . As far as the future of Portuñol is concerned , according to Francisco A. Marcos-Marín , it is too difficult to evaluate possible repercussions that Portuñol could have on future linguistic maps because it is not easy to separate linguistic tendencies that are merely in style and those that are permanent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "431d92ada7149b54b014659d3a763f83", "text": "Gender neutrality in Spanish and Portuguese Spanish ( Sp . ) has gendered nouns of masculine or feminine gender - with some neuter gender . In Spanish , feminine nouns often end in - a while masculine nouns often end in - o . As in other Romance languages , masculine form of nouns and pronouns are generally used to refer to a group of both males and females , or to someone of unknown gender . Advocates of gender-neutral language modification consider this to be sexist and favor new ways of writing and speaking . Activists against sexism in language are also concerned about words where the feminine form has a different ( usually less prestigious ) meaning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4f2a0e24752a1894e6f6fb7a930f21", "text": "Castilians Castilians ( Spanish : castellanos ) are certain inhabitants in regions of central Spain including at least the eastern part of Castile and León , the northern and eastern parts of Castile-La Mancha , and the Madrid community , who are the source of the Spanish language ( Castilian ) among other aspects of cultural identity . However , not all people in the regions of the medieval Kingdom of Castile think of themselves as Castilian . For this reason , the exact limits of what Castile is today are disputed . As an ethnicity , they are most commonly associated with the sparsely populated inner plateau of the Iberian peninsula , which is split in two by the Sistema Central mountain range and Northern or `` Old Castile '' from southern or `` New Castile '' , the latter being somewhat closer in terms of culture and dialect to southern regions of Spain such as Andalusia , Extremadura and Murcia . Through the Reconquista and other conquests in the Middle Ages , the Kingdom of Castile ( later Crown of Castile ) spread over a large part of the Iberian Peninsula , especially towards the southern Spanish regions . After this , since the 15th century , through the Spanish colonization of the Americas , the Castilians also spread over the New World , bringing with them not only their language , but also elements of their culture and traditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "311a76afc1edd4f923db10eb41addae6", "text": "False friend False friends are words in two languages ( or letters in two alphabets ) that look or sound similar , but differ significantly in meaning . An example is the English embarrassed and the Spanish embarazada ( which means pregnant ) , or the word sensible , which means reasonable in English , but sensitive in French and Spanish . Another example is the root L-H-M in Semitic languages ; while `` Lekhem '' in Hebrew and `` Laham '' in Syriac mean `` bread '' , `` Lahem '' in Arabic is `` meat '' . The term is a shortened version of the expression `` false friend of a translator '' , the French version of which ( faux amis du traducteur ) was introduced by linguists Maxime Kœssler and Jules Derocquigny in 1928 , in the book Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais ( False Friends , or the Pitfalls of the English Vocabulary , with a sequel , Autres Mots anglais perfides ) . There is often a partial overlap in meanings , which creates additional complications . Similar words may also fail to catch all the nuance of each word in both languages . For instance , the French demande simply means a ` request ' , which is similar to but also very different from a demand in English and demandar in Spanish ( `` to sue '' ) . The two `` false friends '' may actually be related , having the same origin . One example is in the instance of English `` cunt '' and Dutch `` kont '' ( buttocks ) , of which apart from the difference in meaning the former is highly vulgar while the latter is not . This is unlike `` false cognates '' , which are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin ( whatever their current meaning ) but actually do not . As well as producing completely false friends , the use of loanwords often results in the use of a word in a restricted context , which may then develop new meanings not found in the original language . For example , angst means `` fear '' in a general sense ( as well as `` anxiety '' ) in German , but when it was borrowed into English in the context of psychology , its meaning was restricted to a particular type of fear described as `` a neurotic feeling of anxiety and depression '' . Also , gymnasium meant both ' a place of education ' and ' a place for exercise ' in Latin , but its meaning was restricted to the former in German and to the latter in English , making the expressions into false friends in those languages as well as in Greek , where it started out as ' a place for naked exercise ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e35458819fc13cb9f04b964b7b718d", "text": "Sprachbund A sprachbund ( -LSB- ˈsprɑːkbʊnd -RSB- -LSB- ˈʃpʁaːxbʊnt -RSB- , `` federation of languages '' ) -- also known as a linguistic area , area of linguistic convergence , diffusion area or language crossroads -- is a group of languages that have common features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact . They may be genetically unrelated , or only distantly related . Where genetic affiliations are unclear , the sprachbund characteristics might give a false appearance of relatedness . Areal features are common features of a group of languages in a sprachbund .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "910b0bd1220ff45f93021feb938177a0", "text": "Sicilian vowel system The Sicilian vowel system is characteristic of the dialects of Sicily , Southern Calabria , and Salento . It may alternatively be referred to as the Sicilian vocalic scheme or the Calabro-Sicilian vowel system . The Sicilian vowel system differs greatly from the `` normal '' evolution of the Classical Latin vowel system into the Vulgar Latin vowel system found in the greater part of the Romance area . In this system , there was a lowering ( laxing ) of short -LSB- -LSB- i -RSB- -RSB- , -LSB- -LSB- e -RSB- -RSB- , -LSB- -LSB- o -RSB- -RSB- , and -LSB- -LSB- u -RSB- -RSB- into a seven-vowel system . In the development of the Sicilian vowel system from that of Classical Latin , long -LSB- -LSB- e -RSB- -RSB- was raised to -LSB- -LSB- i -RSB- -RSB- and fused with both quantities of -LSB- -LSB- i -RSB- -RSB- ; short -LSB- -LSB- e -RSB- -RSB- was lowered to -LSB- -LSB- ɛ -RSB- -RSB- with an analogous development with the round vowels ; i.e. long -LSB- -LSB- o -RSB- -RSB- was raised to -LSB- -LSB- u -RSB- -RSB- and fused with both quantities of -LSB- -LSB- u -RSB- -RSB- ; short -LSB- -LSB- o -RSB- -RSB- was lowered to -LSB- -LSB- ɔ -RSB- -RSB- . This resulted in a five-vowel system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dcd2d0249de02443db7d565b0f15d8f", "text": "History of the Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world . It is the standard script of the English language and is often referred to simply as `` the alphabet '' in English . It is a true alphabet which originated in the 7th century BC in Italy and has changed continually over the last 2500 years . It has roots in the Semitic alphabet and its offshoot alphabets , the Phoenician , Greek , and Etruscan . The phonetic values of some letters changed , some letters were lost and gained , and several writing styles ( `` hands '' ) developed . Two such styles , the minuscule and majuscule hands , were combined into one script with alternate forms for the lower and upper case letters . Due to classicism , modern uppercase letters differ only slightly from their classical counterparts . There are few regional variants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50b5917e7707aa92b465bc5e3aed9170", "text": "Vowel chart vowels In phonetics , a vowel is a sound in spoken language , with two competing definitions . In the more common phonetic definition , a vowel is a sound pronounced with an open vocal tract , so that the tongue does not touch the lips , teeth , or roof of the mouth , such as the English `` ah '' ɑː or `` oh '' oʊ . There is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis . This contrasts with consonants , such as the English `` sh '' -LSB- -LSB- ʃː -RSB- -RSB- , which have a constriction or closure at some point along the vocal tract . In the other , phonological definition , a vowel is defined as syllabic , the sound that forms the peak of a syllable . A phonetically equivalent but non-syllabic sound is a semivowel . In oral languages , phonetic vowels normally form the peak ( nucleus ) of many to all syllables , whereas consonants form the onset and ( in languages that have them ) coda . Some languages allow other sounds to form the nucleus of a syllable , such as the syllabic ( i.e. , vocalic ) l in the English word table -LSB- -LSB- ˈtʰeɪb.l̩ -RSB- -RSB- ( when not considered to have a weak vowel sound : -LSB- -LSB- ˈtʰeɪb.əl -RSB- -RSB- ) or the syllabic r in the Serbo-Croatian word vrt -LSB- -LSB- vr̩t -RSB- -RSB- `` garden '' . The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis , meaning `` vocal '' ( `` relating to voice '' ) . In English , the word vowel is commonly used to mean both vowel sounds and the written symbols that represent them . These letters are vowels in English : A , E , I , O , U , and sometimes Y and W in two words .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e053305b1d2810f9ae4f95bde9243a18", "text": "Southwestern Lombard Southwestern Lombard is a group of dialects of Western Lombard language spoken in the provinces of Pavia , Lodi , Novara , Cremona , in the south of the historic Insubria , and comprises Pavese dialect , Lodigiano dialect , Nuaresat dialect , Cremunéez dialect and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51b0618d3f1f4e984996c0a3975fe56c", "text": "List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions The following is a list of adjectival forms of subcontinental regions in English and their demonymic equivalents , which denote the people or the inhabitants of these subcontinental regions . Note : Demonyms are given in plural forms . Singular forms simply remove the final 's ' or , in the case of - ese endings , are the same as the plural forms . The ending - men has feminine equivalent - women ( e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman ) . The French terminations - ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine ; adding ` e ' ( - oise / aise ) makes them singular feminine ; ` es ' ( - oises / aises ) makes them plural feminine . The Spanish termination '' - o '' usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the '' - o '' and adding '' - a '' . The plural forms are usually '' - os '' and '' - as '' respectively . Adjectives ending - ish can be used as collective demonyms ( e.g. the English , the Cornish ) . So can those ending in - ch / - tch ( e.g. the French , the Dutch ) provided they are pronounced with a ` ch ' sound ( e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify ) . Where an adjective is a link , the link is to the language or dialect of the same name . ( Reference : Ethnologue , Languages of the World ) Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things , sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words . ( Sometimes , the use of one or more additional words is optional . ) Notable examples are cheeses , cat breeds , dog breeds , and horse breeds . ( See List of words derived from toponyms . ) Where an adjective is a link , the link is to the language or dialect of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e823944b46c28170099ecdd70991e34", "text": "English in computing The English language is sometimes described as the lingua franca of computing . In comparison to other sciences , where Latin and Greek are the principal sources of vocabulary , computer science borrows more extensively from English . Due to the technical limitations of early computers , and the lack of international standards on the Internet , computer users were limited to using English and the Latin alphabet . However , this historical limitation is less present today . Most software products are localized in numerous languages and the use of the Unicode character encoding has resolved problems with non-Latin alphabets . Some limitations have only been changed recently , such as with domain names , which previously allowed only ASCII characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "001264070d5dd5613a9a79ebcfd3b27b", "text": "Rhaetian language Rhaetian -LSB- ˈriːʃən -RSB- or Rhaetic ( Raetic ) -LSB- ˈriːtᵻk -RSB- was a language spoken in the ancient region of Rhaetia in the Eastern Alps in pre-Roman and Roman times . It is documented by a limited number of short inscriptions ( found through Northern Italy , Southern Germany , Eastern Switzerland , Slovenia and Western Austria ) in two variants of the Etruscan alphabet . Its linguistic categorization is not clearly established , and it presents a confusing mixture of what appear to be Etruscan , Indo-European and uncertain other elements . The ancient Rhaetic language is not the same as one of the modern Romance languages of the same Alpine region , known as Rhaeto-Romance , but both are sometimes referred to as `` Rhaetian '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc2f6880d5e90a5ea7e2d8100c843a2f", "text": "List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations The following is a list of adjectival forms of countries and nations in English and their demonymic equivalents . A country adjective describes something as being from that country , for example , `` Italian cuisine '' is `` cuisine of Italy '' . A country demonym denotes the people or the inhabitants of or from there , for example , `` Germans '' are people of or from Germany . Note : Demonyms are given in plural forms . Singular forms simply remove the final 's ' or , in the case of - ese endings , are the same as the plural forms . The ending - men has feminine equivalent - women ( e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman ) . The French terminations - ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine ; adding ` e ' ( - oise / aise ) makes them singular feminine ; ` es ' ( - oises / aises ) makes them plural feminine . The Spanish and Portuguese terminations '' - o '' usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the '' - o '' and adding '' - a '' . The plural forms are usually '' - os '' and '' - as '' respectively . Adjectives ending in - ish can be used as collective demonyms ( e.g. the English , the Cornish ) . So can those ending in - ch / - tch ( e.g. the French , the Dutch ) provided they are pronounced with a ` ch ' sound ( e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify ) . Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things , sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words . ( Sometimes , the use of one or more additional words is optional . ) Notable examples are cuisines , cheeses , cat breeds , dog breeds , and horse breeds . ( See List of words derived from toponyms . ) Note - in cases where two or more adjectival forms are given , there is often a subtle difference in usage between the two . This is particularly the case with Central Asian countries where one form tends to relate to the nation and the other often relates to the predominant ethnic group ( e.g. , Uzbek is primarily an ethnicity , Uzbekistani relates to citizens of Uzbekistan ) . In addition , several countries have a large number of sub-names for their citizens in the form of nicknames for people of certain different areas ; these are usually related to something typical of the area . In Puerto Rico for example , people who come from the town of Bayamon are referred to as `` Cowboy ( s ) '' or `` Cowgirl ( s ) '' ; those from Caguas are referred to as `` Criollo ( s ) '' or `` Criolla ( s ) '' . Except in cases such as Spain , in which sub-names have been used interchangeably by others , sub-names belonging to some areas in a country are not listed here .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d052265c5261b9731342cddf3531bf0", "text": "Greek language Greek ( Modern Greek : ελληνικά -LSB- eliniˈka -RSB- , elliniká , `` Greek '' , ελληνική γλώσσα -LSB- eliniˈci ˈɣlosa -RSB- , ellinikí glóssa , `` Greek language '' ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages , native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean . It has the longest documented history of any living language , spanning 34 centuries of written records . Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history ; other systems , such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary , were used previously . The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin , Cyrillic , Armenian , Coptic , Gothic and many other writing systems . The Greek language holds an important place in the history of the Western world and Christianity ; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes seminal works in the Western canon such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey . Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science , especially astronomy , mathematics and logic , and Western philosophy , such as the Platonic dialogues and the works of Aristotle , are composed ; the New Testament of the Christian Bible was written in Koiné Greek . Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world , the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of Classics . During antiquity , Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and many places beyond . It would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire and develop into Medieval Greek . In its modern form , the Greek language is the official language in two countries , Greece and Cyprus , a recognised minority language in seven other countries , and is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union . The language is spoken by at least 13.2 million people today in Greece , Cyprus , Italy , Albania , Turkey , and the Greek diaspora . Greek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages ; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8395be7360095a855cbff0fb0e916495", "text": "Romanian language Romanian ( obsolete spellings Rumanian , Roumanian ; autonym : limba română , or лимба ромынэ in Moldovan Cyrillic , -LSB- ˈlimba roˈmɨnə -RSB- , `` the Romanian language '' , or românește , lit . `` in Romanian '' ) is a Romance language spoken by around 24 million people as a native language , primarily in Romania and Moldova , and by another 4 million people as a second language . It has official status in Romania and the Republic of Moldova . It is one of the official languages of the European Union and the Latin Union . Romanian is a part of the Balkan-Romance group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin separated from the Western Romance during the 5th -- 8th centuries . To distinguish it within that group in comparative linguistics it is called Daco-Romanian as opposed to its closest relatives , Aromanian , Megleno-Romanian , and Istro-Romanian . During Soviet times -- and to some extent even today -- Romanian was called Moldovan in the Republic of Moldova , although the Constitutional Court ruled in 2013 that `` the official language of the republic is Romanian '' . Romanian speakers are scattered across many other countries , notably Australia , Italy , Spain , Ukraine , Bulgaria , the United States , Canada , Brazil , Mexico , Argentina , Greece , Turkey , Russia , Portugal , the United Kingdom , Cyprus , France and Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bebd834df22998ee423a10d28148ad17", "text": "Spanish language Spanish ( castellano ) -- is a Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain , with hundreds of millions of native speakers around the world . It is usually considered the world 's second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese . It is one of the few languages to use inverted question and exclamation marks ( ¿ and ¡ , respectively ) . Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages , which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century . The oldest Latin texts which show traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th century , and the first systematic written use of the language happened in Toledo , then capital of the Kingdom of Castile , in the 13th century . Beginning in the early 16th century , Spanish was taken to the colonies of the Spanish Empire , most notably to the Americas , as well as territories in Africa , Oceania and the Philippines . Around 75 % of modern Spanish is derived from Latin . Greek has also contributed substantially to Spanish vocabulary , especially through Latin , on which it had a great impact . Spanish vocabulary has been in contact from an early date with Arabic , having developed during the Al-Andalus era in the Iberian Peninsula . With around 8 % of its vocabulary being Arabic in origin , this language is the second most important influence after Latin . It has also been influenced by Basque as well as by neighboring Ibero-Romance languages . It also adopted words from non-Iberian languages such as Gothic language from the Visigoths in which many Spanish names and surnames have a Visigothic origin . It has absorbed vocabulary from other languages , particularly the Romance languages French , Italian , Occitan , and Sardinian , as well as from Nahuatl , Quechua , and other indigenous languages of the Americas . Spanish is one of the six official languages of the United Nations . It is also used as an official language by the European Union , the Organization of American States , the Union of South American Nations , the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and by many other international organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53db0c973d35f3ca03f575e654759799", "text": "Law French Law French is an archaic language originally based on Old Norman and Anglo-Norman , but increasingly influenced by Parisian French and , later , English . It was used in the law courts of England , beginning with the Norman Conquest by William the Conqueror . Its use continued for several centuries in the courts of England and Ireland . Although Law French as a narrative legal language is obsolete , many individual Law French terms continue to be used by lawyers and judges in common law jurisdictions ( see the section `` Survivals in modern legal terminology '' , below ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97021b90fbc17f96fa359d1ce250954b", "text": "Language Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication , particularly the human ability to do so , and a language is any specific example of such a system . The scientific study of language is called linguistics . Questions concerning the philosophy of language , such as whether words can represent experience , have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece . Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought . 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language . Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky . Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000 . However , any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects . Natural languages are spoken or signed , but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory , visual , or tactile stimuli -- for example , in whistling , signed , or braille . This is because human language is modality-independent . Depending on philosophical perspectives regarding the definition of language and meaning , when used as a general concept , `` language '' may refer to the cognitive ability to learn and use systems of complex communication , or to describe the set of rules that makes up these systems , or the set of utterances that can be produced from those rules . All languages rely on the process of semiosis to relate signs to particular meanings . Oral , manual and tactile languages contain a phonological system that governs how symbols are used to form sequences known as words or morphemes , and a syntactic system that governs how words and morphemes are combined to form phrases and utterances . Human language has the properties of productivity and displacement , and relies entirely on social convention and learning . Its complex structure affords a much wider range of expressions than any known system of animal communication . Language is thought to have originated when early hominins started gradually changing their primate communication systems , acquiring the ability to form a theory of other minds and a shared intentionality . This development is sometimes thought to have coincided with an increase in brain volume , and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative and social functions . Language is processed in many different locations in the human brain , but especially in Broca 's and Wernicke 's areas . Humans acquire language through social interaction in early childhood , and children generally speak fluently when they are approximately three years old . The use of language is deeply entrenched in human culture . Therefore , in addition to its strictly communicative uses , language also has many social and cultural uses , such as signifying group identity , social stratification , as well as social grooming and entertainment . Languages evolve and diversify over time , and the history of their evolution can be reconstructed by comparing modern languages to determine which traits their ancestral languages must have had in order for the later developmental stages to occur . A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family . The Indo-European family is the most widely spoken and includes languages as diverse as English , Russian and Hindi ; the Sino-Tibetan family , which includes Mandarin , Bodo and the other Chinese languages , and Tibetan ; the Afro-Asiatic family , which includes Arabic , Somali , and Hebrew ; the Bantu languages , which include Swahili , and Zulu , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout Africa ; and the Malayo-Polynesian languages , which include Indonesian , Malay , Tagalog , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout the Pacific . The languages of the Dravidian family that are spoken mostly in Southern India include Tamil and Telugu . Academic consensus holds that between 50 % and 90 % of languages spoken at the beginning of the 21st century will probably have become extinct by the year 2100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f3c91aeb340663a8a0ebfe2b765dab", "text": "Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes . Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .", "title": "" } ]	fever
be3130005574a90110ff184f462b4d41	J.Lo (album) was recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez.	[ { "docid": "4b7f72cd57b429af9f8bc3ad76065cc1", "text": "J.Lo (album) J.Lo is the second studio album and most successful album to date by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez . It was released on January 23 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Preceding the release for the follow-up of her commercially successful debut album On the 6 ( 1999 ) . On this album , Lopez had more creative control over J.Lo . Its title refers to the nickname her fans gave her , and she described it as a homage to her supporters . Lopez began recording the album under the working title ` The Passionate Journey '' ' , writing lyrics that focused on her own personal experiences . For the album , she hired producers such as Cory Rooney , Troy Oliver , Dan Shea and Sean Combs , ( her boyfriend at the time ) , all of whom contributed to her first album . Musically , J.Lo is a pop album , which also encompasses genres such as R&B , Latin pop , retro and dance-pop . It was considered more daring than On the 6 , including more explicit language and provocative lyrics about sex ; it also deals with themes of empowerment and relationships . Upon its release , the album received mixed reviews from music critics , who criticized its manufactured sound , although some praised its Spanish songs and dance material . Commercially , J.Lo became Lopez 's most successful album . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , on the same week as her film The Wedding Planner '' , opened at the top of the domestic box office , making her the first entertainer to have both a number one film and album simultaneously . The album was certified quadruple platinum in the United States , and became the sixth best-selling album of the year worldwide . `` Love Do n't Cost a Thing '' was released as the album 's lead single on December 2 , 2000 , which reached the top five in the United States and number one in United Kingdom . The album 's second single , `` Play '' ( released on March 27 , 2001 ) , reached the top twenty in most countries and top five in United Kingdom . The Latin pop song , titled `` Ai n't It Funny '' was released as the album 's third single on June 20 , 2001 . `` I 'm Real '' was serviced to radio as the album 's fourth and final single on September 4 , 2001 . To further its success , record executives at Epic recruited Ja Rule of Murder Inc Records , who is popular in the Urban market , to create a remix of the song , `` I 'm Real ( Murder Remix ) '' . The remix , which featured Ja Rule , shifted Lopez 's personal style from pop to a more hip-hop and urban-oriented sound . It was the number one song in the United States at the time of the September 11 attacks for 5 non-consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07207c37c3ac95845185ddd16e23318d", "text": "Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Lynn Lopez ( born July 24 , 1969 ) , also known as JLo , is an American singer , actress , dancer , fashion designer , author , and producer . Lopez gained her first high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color in 1991 , where she remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993 . She received her first leading role in the Selena biopic of the same name in 1997 , a portrayal that earned her a Golden Globe nomination . For her role in Out of Sight the following year , Lopez became the first Latina actress to earn over for a film . She ventured into the music industry in 1999 with her debut studio album On the 6 , preceded by the number-one single `` If You Had My Love '' . With the simultaneous release of her second studio album J.Lo and her film The Wedding Planner in 2001 , Lopez became the first woman to have a number one album and film in the same week . Her 2002 remix album , J to tha L -- O ! The Remixes , became the first in history to debut at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 . Following her second divorce , Lopez had a high-profile relationship with Ben Affleck , which strongly influenced her third studio album , This Is Me ... Then ( 2002 ) , while also overshadowing the release of Gigli ( 2003 ) , a critical and commercial failure . She subsequently married longtime friend Marc Anthony , and rebounded with the box office successes Shall We Dance ? ( 2004 ) and Monster-in-Law ( 2005 ) . Her fifth studio album , Como Ama una Mujer ( 2007 ) , received the highest first-week sales for a debut Spanish album in the United States . Lopez gave birth to twins in 2008 , and after a relatively unsuccessful period , returned to prominence in 2011 with her appearance as a judge on American Idol and most commercially successful single to date , `` On the Floor '' , which is one of the best-selling singles of all time . In 2016 , she began starring as Harlee Santos in the crime drama series Shades of Blue . With a cumulative film gross of over and global record sales exceeding 80 million , she is regarded as the most influential Hispanic performer in the United States , as well as its highest paid Latin entertainer . Time listed her as one of the 25 most influential Hispanic Americans , and in 2012 , Forbes ranked her as the most powerful celebrity in the world , as well as the 38th most powerful woman in the world . For her contributions to the arts , Lopez has received a landmark star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Billboard Icon Award , among other honors . Beyond entertainment , she enjoys a successful business career consisting of various clothing lines , accessories , fragrances , a production company , and a charitable foundation , among other ventures .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4291ec8ba8e4f0f678c6bfa845c363ff", "text": "Epic Records Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. . Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 . It later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres , including pop , R&B , rock and hip hop . Historically , the label has housed popular acts such as Michael Jackson , Cheap Trick , Shakira , Celine Dion , ABBA , Anastacia , Boston , Dave Clark Five , Gloria Estefan , Pearl Jam and Sly & the Family Stone . Along with Columbia and RCA Records , Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment 's three main record labels . Artists currently signed to Epic as of 2017 include Fiona Apple , Sara Bareilles , Mariah Carey , Keyshia Cole , Future , Fifth Harmony , Jennifer Hudson , Zara Larsson , Jennifer Lopez , Outkast , Ozzy Osbourne , Judas Priest , Busta Rhymes , Rick Ross , Sade , 21 Savage , Travis Scott and Meghan Trainor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5cc363c75a15b2f67406084abaa7529", "text": "Do It Well `` Do It Well '' is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez for her sixth studio album , Brave ( 2007 ) . It was written by Ryan Tedder , Leonard Caston , Anita Poree , and Frank Wilson . The song was produced by Tedder , with additional vocal production from Cory Rooney . `` Do It Well '' features influences by disco and hip hop music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5258f5d681632bb99f0fb4798a22282a", "text": "Merry Christmas II You Merry Christmas II You is the second Christmas album and thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released by Island Records on November 2 , 2010 . Recording began in April 2010 and continued while Carey became pregnant . She was the executive producer of Merry Christmas II You and worked with various record producers , including Bryan-Michael Cox , Jermaine Dupri , Randy Jackson , James Poyser , Marc Shaiman , James `` Big Jim '' Wright and Johnny `` Sev '' Severin of RedOne . The album features Carey 's mother Patricia Carey as a guest vocalist on `` O Come All Ye Faithful '' / `` Hallelujah Chorus '' . The album is composed of original songs and covers , ballads and uptempo tracks . It incorporates R&B , soul and house music in its composition . The album received mixed reviews from music critics , who complimented its relaxed yet lively and contemporary feel , while others felt it was predictable and too overproduced in places . It debuted at number four on the United States Billboard 200 album chart , and reached number one on both the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and Holiday Albums chart . It was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipments exceeding 500,000 copies . Elsewhere , however , the album failed to make an impact , reaching the top thirty in Australia and Hungary , and the top fifty in Austria and Italy . It missed out on the top one-hundred in the United Kingdom by one position , peaking at one-hundred and one on the albums chart . The album produced four singles , including the US Adult Contemporary record-breaking song `` Oh Santa ! '' . It reached number-one in its second week , the quickest ascent in the history of the chart and the only song to do so . Other singles included `` Auld Lang Syne ( The New Year 's Anthem ) '' , a single release version of `` When Christmas Comes '' in 2011 with John Legend and `` Christmas Time Is in the Air Again '' in 2012 . To support the album , Carey made promotional appearances on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Lopez Tonight , and hosted her own television special called Mariah Carey : Merry Christmas to You .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fc02fbcc4bc959f4ee3adf65cff5d64", "text": "Loca (Shakira song) `` Loca '' ( `` Crazy '' ) is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , taken from her seventh studio album , Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) . It was released by Epic Records as the lead single from the album . The Spanish-language version features Dominican rapper El Cata , and was released on 10 September 2010 , while the English-language version features British rapper Dizzee Rascal , and was released on 13 September 2010 . It was written and produced by Shakira , with additional songwriting from Edward Bello , Armando Pérez , and Dylan Mills . The song is a Latin pop and merengue track that lyrically describes Shakira 's eccentric infatuation with a man . In August 2014 , a senior US district judge found `` Loca '' to have been indirectly plagiarised from `` Loca con su Tiguere '' , a mid-1990s song composed by Dominican songwriter Ramon `` Arias '' Vasquez . The case was dismissed in August 2015 after it was found that Vasquez had fabricated the evidence he had presented in court . Upon its release , `` Loca '' received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who complimented the inclusion of merengue music on the recording . The English version of the song became a worldwide commercial success and peaked inside the top five of the record charts of countries including Austria , Belgium , France , Hungary and Italy . The Spanish version peaked atop the charts of Spain and Switzerland , and became a hit on the Latin record charts in the United States , topping the Billboard Hot Latin Songs , Latin Pop Airplay , and Tropical Songs charts . `` Loca '' received record certifications in various countries around the world , including a diamond certification in Colombia and multi-platinum certifications in Italy , Mexico , and Spain . Its accompanying music video was filmed in Barcelona , Spain in August 2010 , and was released the following month . It features Shakira interacting with a beach crowd , and dancing in front of the sea wearing a golden bikini . It generated a favourable response from critics , many of whom praised its concept for matching the vibe of the song . For additional promotion , Shakira performed `` Loca '' on several television shows and on her The Sun Comes Out World Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07ae333e1e71d5ab8f05e8cdfdab2d19", "text": "LP (singer) Laura Pergolizzi ( born March 18 , 1981 ) is an American pop singer and songwriter , originally from Long Island , New York , who performs under the stage name LP . She moved to Los Angeles in 2010 . She has released three albums and one EP . As a songwriter , she has written for Cher , Rihanna , the Backstreet Boys and Christina Aguilera , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4265e5da30645419f40b741cafc64fcd", "text": "Curtis Richa Curtis Richa ( born Curtis Richardson ; November 6 , 1972 ) is an American songwriter , producer and A&R . He is the CEO of his own company Richamusikk and is also signed to Metronumm Musikk Publishing . He is one of the founding members of the production team The Conglomerate ( aka The Conglomm ) . In total , Curtis Richa is responsible for having written and/or produced albums that have sold in the excess of 28 million records worldwide . He has worked with Jennifer Lopez , Rihanna , Joss Stone , LL Cool J , Deborah Cox , Craig David and Jo Dee Messina . Richa has also worked with foreign superstars such as Kumi Koda , Tohoshinki , Agnes Carlsson , Naime Amuro , Christopher , Rainie Yang , Fady Malouf and Darin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c5a3df06ae40071199e49ebcbe8b71a", "text": "Jennifer Love Hewitt (album) Jennifer Love Hewitt is the self-titled third studio album by actress and recording artist Jennifer Love Hewitt . It was released on September 3 , 1996 by Atlantic Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "258db7c673adb9154bc220c4c5b23916", "text": "Jonas L.A. (soundtrack) Jonas L.A. is the third soundtrack by the American pop rock group Jonas Brothers and their only soundtrack for Jonas L.A. '' . It was released on July 20 , 2010 to positive reviews and debuted at # 7 on the Billboard 200 . It has sold 132,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "443ca8ba9604fc0eb2d8c76841824522", "text": "Denise Lopez Denise Lopez may refer to : Denise Lopez ( American singer ) , American singer and A&M Records artist in late 1980s/early 1990s Denise Lopez ( Swedish singer ) , Swedish singer and DJ", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5b38d005cde744f8682746e33aa478b", "text": "Jennifer Paige Jennifer Paige ( born September 3 , 1973 ) is an American singer and songwriter . She is best known for the 1998 pop hit `` Crush '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23f0d745347bd4adab0b957cf55f98a", "text": "J. Cole discography American hip hop recording artist J. Cole has released four studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two extended plays , three mixtapes , sixteen singles ( including nine as a featured artist ) , two promotional singles and twenty music videos . J. Cole first took up rapping in his teens , collaborating with the local Fayetteville hip hop duo Bomm Sheltuh . The Come Up , his debut mixtape , was released on May 4 , 2007 to positive reception . Following the release of The Come Up , J. Cole was contacted by American rapper Jay Z and subsequently signed to his record label Roc Nation . Cole released his second mixtape The Warm Up on June 15 , 2009 . `` Lights Please '' , the first single from The Warm Up , peaked at number nine on the United States Billboard Bubbling Under R&B / Hip-Hop Singles chart and became Cole 's first entry on a national record chart . He was later featured on `` All I Want Is You '' , a 2010 single by American R&B singer Miguel -- it peaked at number 58 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . J. Cole 's third mixtape Friday Night Lights was released on November 12 , 2010 . J. Cole released his debut studio album Cole World : The Sideline Story on September 27 , 2011 . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 218,000 copies . The album 's lead single `` Work Out '' peaked at number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a top ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts . Cole World : The Sideline Story was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , while `` Work Out '' was certified two times platinum . Two more singles were released from the album : `` Ca n't Get Enough '' and `` Nobody 's Perfect '' , which peaked at numbers 52 and 61 respectively on the Hot 100 . J. Cole 's second studio album Born Sinner was released on June 18 , 2013 . Its lead single , `` Power Trip '' , peaked at number 19 on the Hot 100 and received a platinum certification from the RIAA . On December 9 , 2014 , he released his third studio album 2014 Forest Hills Drive . The album was supported by four singles : `` Apparently '' , `` Wet Dreamz '' , `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Love Yourz '' . The album also went on to sell 353,000 copies in its first week , and became the first rap album in 25 years to be certified platinum in the US with no guest appearances . The songs `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Wet Dreamz '' later received a platinum certification from the RIAA . In addition to his fourth album , Cole released three singles in 2016 : `` Love Yourz '' , `` Everybody Dies '' , and `` False Prophets '' . His album 4 Your Eyez Only was released on the second anniversary of 2014 Forest Hill Drive . 4 Your Eyez Only was certified gold before it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , despite having no singles upon release . `` Deja Vu '' was later given a single release after peaking at number 7 on the Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "beac0d6779f00d65d36583ca2660a563", "text": "No Me Ames `` No Me Ames '' ( English : `` Do n't Love Me '' ) is a Latin pop duet recorded by American singers Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony for Lopez 's debut studio album , On the 6 ( 1999 ) . It is a Spanish cover version of the Italian song `` Non Amarmi '' , written by Giancarlo Bigazzi , Marco Falagiani and Aleandro Baldi and recorded by Baldi and Francesca Alotta for Baldi 's album Il Sole ( 1993 ) . The song was translated into Spanish by Ignacio Ballesteros at Anthony 's request . Two versions of the song were produced for On the 6 ; one as a ballad and the other as a salsa . The ballad version was produced by Dan Shea , while the salsa version was arranged and produced by Juan Vicente Zambrano . The music video was directed by Kevin Bray and received a Latin Grammy nomination for Best Short Form Music Video . It served as the encore during the couple 's co-headlining tour in 2007 . `` No Me Ames '' speaks of a complicated relationship between two lovers . It was first released by Work Records on May 11 , 1999 , as a B-side to `` If You Had My Love '' ( 1999 ) . The work received generally positive reviews from critics . The song peaked at number one in the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart . It received a Latin Grammy nomination for `` Best Pop Performance by a Duo/Group with Vocals '' . At the Billboard Latin Music Awards of 2000 , the song received an award for Hot Latin Track of the Year by a Vocal Duo and two nominations for Tropical/Salsa Track of the Year and Hot Latin Track of the Year . It also received an award for Salsa Song of the Year at the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers Awards of 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e69663488a59e4f0c0e3f146e1f5c4b", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Lopez is an American singer , actress , dancer , fashion designer and producer . She began her career as an actress for a minor role in the film My Little Girl . Lopez gained her first regular high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color in 1991 , where she remained for two seasons and remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993 . She received her first leading role in the Selena biopic of the same name in 1997 which made $ 35.5 million at box office . She ventured into the music industry in 1999 , with her debut studio album , On the 6 , preceded by the number-one single `` If You Had My Love '' . In 2001 , she released her second studio album J.Lo which sold over 12 million copies worldwide . she has released eight studio albums overall , as of today . Lopez has sold over 80 million records worldwide . She has won 133 awards from 324 nominations including 3 American Music Awards , 1 BET Awards , 1 Billboard Music Award , 10 Billboard Latin Music Awards , and 2 World Music Awards . In 2014 , she received the prestigious Billboard Icon Award for her contribution in music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec198836923b37feda5984f9541a73c3", "text": "The Power of Jennifer Rush The Power of Jennifer Rush is a compilation album released by American singer Jennifer Rush . This was the first official collection released by Rush . As well as featuring her past hits , a new single was released from the collection , `` Ave Maria '' ( originally from her earlier album Movin ' ) . Released in late 1991 , the album only reached No. 40 in Germany , but sustained a lengthy run on the charts and re-entered in 1995 . The collection also peaked within the top 40 in Switzerland and Austria . A repackaged version of the album , entitled The Platinum Edition was released in 2001 to mark its 10th anniversary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38c2c4b2a8ee2dabc22e6f59e4c9f5a5", "text": "E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja . The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns . E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies . Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b549f2010d2851ea2b8157dc5c2e0bc7", "text": "Me Haces Falta `` Me Haces Falta '' ( English : I Need You ) is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez for her fifth studio album , Como Ama una Mujer ( 2007 ) . It was written and produced by Marc Anthony and Estéfano . The song was released on March 23 , 2007 by Epic Records as the second and final single from the album . `` Me Haces Falta '' is a latin pop song about self-loathing . Its instrumentation consists of drums , cello , bass and guitar . Music critics were complimentary to the song 's lyrics and to Lopez 's vocals , but dismissed its production . An accompanying music video for the song was directed by Sanji . The video portrays Lopez as an undercover FBI agent who surrenders her lover to the police and has regrets afterwards . `` Me Haces Falta '' was included in the set list of Lopez 's co-headling tour with Anthony in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad76b0ca554e219535e5d0b85857194b", "text": "John Benitez John Benitez ( born November 7 , 1957 ) , also known as Jellybean , is an American drummer , guitarist , songwriter , DJ , remixer and music producer of Puerto Rican descent . He has produced and remixed artists such as Madonna , Whitney Houston , Michael Jackson and the Pointer Sisters . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked him as the 99th most successful dance artist of all-time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2be5dae23998b709b0f987bf0c7b27a2", "text": "Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical New Artist of the Year The Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical/Salsa New Artist of the Year is an honor presented annually by American network Univision . It was first awarded in 1989 and has been given annually since to recognize the most talented performers of Latin music . The nominees and winners were originally selected by a voting poll conducted among program directors of Spanish-language radio stations in the United States and also based on chart performance on Billboard Latin music charts , with the results being tabulated and certified by the accounting firm Deloitte . At the present time , the winners are selected by the audience through an online survey . The trophy awarded is shaped in the form of a treble clef . The award was first presented to Nicaraguan singer Luis Enrique . Puerto-Rican American performer Olga Tañón was a nominee in 1993 and eventually became the most awarded performer in Lo Nuestro Awards history , with 22 accolades . American singer Marc Anthony won the following year and also received the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Performance for the album Contra la Corriente in 1998 . Puerto-Rican American artist Elvis Crespo earned the award in 1999 , the same year that his songs `` Suavemente '' and `` Tu Sonrisa '' peaked at number-one at the Billboard Latin Songs chart . At the 12th Lo Nuestro Awards , Son by Four was named Tropical New Artist of the Year aided by the massive success of their single `` A Puro Dolor '' , which later ranked 1st at the Hot Latin Songs 25th Anniversary chart . Colombian singer-songwriter Fonseca won in 2007 and also earned the Latin Grammy Award for Best Tropical Song . In 2013 , the Pop , Regional Mexican and Tropical/Salsa New Artist of the Year categories were merged on a Lo Nuestro Award for Best New Artist category in the General Field ; however , the following year , the Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical New Artist of the Year was reincorporated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2513f52a3038a945652ce419731f0403", "text": "Dance Again... the Hits Dance Again ... the Hits is the first greatest hits album of American entertainer Jennifer Lopez . It was released on July 20 , 2012 , by Epic Records , to coincide with the launch of her first world tour , the Dance Again World Tour . Lopez previously conceived plans for a greatest hits album in 2009 , but instead opted to use the material recorded for her seventh studio album , Love ? , which was released by Island Records in May 2011 after her departure from Epic Records in 2010 . As Lopez owed the label one last album to fulfill her contract , she began work on a new greatest hits album in November 2011 . She later became unsure whether she wanted to go along with plans to release a greatest hits album or a new studio album , eventually deciding on the former . Dance Again ... the Hits comprises eleven previously released tracks , and two new recordings : `` Dance Again '' and `` Goin ' In '' . A deluxe edition of the album was also released , featuring three additional previously released tracks , and a DVD featuring a selection of eleven music videos . The album received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised it as a reflection of Lopez 's success . Some critics expressed their disappointment in the absence of several successful singles , but deemed this as impressive , noting that this may have been due to the large volume of hit singles she has released over the years . Dance Again ... The Hits was a moderate commercial success , peaking within the top ten in fourteen national charts , and the top twenty in ten national charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0b59f8e38fabdfc779a90b9a54fd5e2d	Angela Lansbury was part-owner of Corymore Productions.	[ { "docid": "60601f6a7e4ed051a5f5c01259158b83", "text": "Angela Lansbury Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury , ( born 16 October 1925 ) is a British-American-Irish actress who has appeared in theatre , television and film , as well as a producer , voice actress , singer , and songwriter . Her career has spanned seven decades , much of it in the United States , and her work has attracted international attention . Lansbury was born to an upper-middle-class family in central London , the daughter of actress Moyna Macgill and politician Edgar Lansbury . To escape the Blitz , in 1940 she moved to the United States with her mother and two younger brothers , and studied acting in New York City . Proceeding to Hollywood in 1942 , she signed to MGM and obtained her first film roles , in Gaslight ( 1944 ) and The Picture of Dorian Gray ( 1945 ) , earning her two Oscar nominations and a Golden Globe Award . She appeared in eleven further MGM films , mostly in minor roles , and after her contract ended in 1952 she began supplementing her cinematic work with theatrical appearances . Although largely seen as a B-list star during this period , her appearance in the film The Manchurian Candidate ( 1962 ) received widespread acclaim and is cited as being one of her finest performances . Moving into musical theatre , Lansbury finally gained stardom for playing the leading role in the Broadway musical Mame ( 1966 ) , which earned her a range of awards and established her as a gay icon . Amid difficulties in her personal life , Lansbury moved from California to County Cork , Ireland , in 1970 , and continued with a variety of theatrical and cinematic appearances throughout that decade . These included leading roles in the stage musicals Gypsy , Sweeney Todd , and The King and I , as well as in the hit Disney film Bedknobs and Broomsticks ( 1971 ) . Moving into television , she achieved worldwide fame as fictional writer and sleuth Jessica Fletcher in the American whodunit series Murder , She Wrote , which ran for twelve seasons from 1984 until 1996 , becoming one of the longest-running and most popular detective drama series in television history . Through Corymore Productions , a company that she co-owned with her husband Peter Shaw , Lansbury assumed ownership of the series and was its executive producer for the final four seasons . She also moved into voice work , thereby contributing to animated films such as Disney 's Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) . Since then , she has toured in a variety of international theatrical productions and continued to make occasional film appearances . In 2014 , Lansbury was made a Dame by Queen Elizabeth II in a ceremony at Windsor Castle for `` services to drama , charitable work , and philanthropy . '' Lansbury has received an Honorary Oscar and has won five Tony Awards , six Golden Globes , an Olivier Award , and one Grammy Award . She has also been nominated for numerous other industry awards , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress on three occasions , and various Primetime Emmy Awards on eighteen occasions . She has been the subject of three biographies .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e89d75728eddee2bb88a971fb4c4e568", "text": "Little Britain Productions Little Britain Productions is a television production company founded in 2006 . Little Britain Productions mainly produces comedies and documentaries about comedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d110329fc10f48a96d9226ffa7dba61", "text": "The Brewhouse Theatre & Arts Centre The Brewhouse Theatre and Arts Centre ( or The Brewhouse ) is the largest theatre and arts centre in Taunton , a town in Somerset , England . The building opened 28 March 1977 , on the banks of the River Tone , and offers a 350-seat auditorium and supporting studio and exhibition spaces . Its first professional production was Alan Ayckbourn 's The Norman Conquests , starring the then unknown David Jason . The administrative offices are on the first floor of a Georgian Grade II listed building which gives the theatre its name . In 2005 , Arts Council England announced that it would cut regular funding to The Brewhouse from 2006 , following a drop in artistic output . In September 2005 a new director Robert Miles was appointed to lead the artistic reinvigoration of the organisation , which now plays host to experimental theatre companies such as DEREVO , and No Fit State Circus . It was also the first theatre , apart from the Royal Court Theatre , to stage Caryl Churchill 's controversial play Seven Jewish Children . In 2009 , ongoing under funding , combined with the impact of recession and a subsequent threat of cuts meant the venue was once again put under threat of closure . With support from its stakeholders The Brewhouse overcame these immediate funding concerns , and in March 2010 it was announced that the organisation had been awarded # 487,500 from Arts Council England 's Sustain fund to allow it to continue to programme arts and participatory activities during the economic downturn . A feasibility study by ArtsService recommends the current site be expanded to create a 600 - to 750-seat auditorium , a larger gallery space and arthouse cinema with improved bar and catering provision as part of a new `` Coal Orchard '' - Taunton 's cultural quarter . The venue closed in February 2013 and went into administration . The venue reopened in April 2014 by the Taunton Theatre Association ( TTA ) , having been granted the lease from Taunton Deane Borough Council , who bought the 61-year lease of the site and its contents from administrator BDO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eebf5ae9a5f628fc96532361769a9819", "text": "Belvoir St Theatre Belvoir St Theatre is an Australian theatre company venue in Sydney , New South Wales . The venue in Belvoir Street , Surry Hills previously operated as the Nimrod Theatre , and was founded as '' ` Belvoir St '' in 1984 by Sue Hill and Chris Westwood . It is the home of the theatre company Belvoir . The building was purchased by a syndicate of people , and there are currently 600 owners , including noted actors , directors , writers and performers : Robyn Archer , Gillian Armstrong , Peter Carey , Judy Davis , Mel Gibson , Max Gillies , Nicole Kidman , Sam Neill , Patrick White , David Williamson , Neil Armfield , Michael Willesee and Colin Friels . Previous owners on the books have also included the late Dame Joan Sutherland , Ruth Cracknell , Gwen Plumb , Dorothy Hewett and Patrick White . Renovations costing around $ 11.6 million commenced in 2005 and were delayed in 2006 with the discovery of asbestos in the building 's roof . The theatre reopened in October 2006 with the Sydney season of It Just Stopped by Stephen Sewell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bdeb519044cb365a4f4d39148ec1a3e", "text": "Lansbury Park Lansbury Park is a residential suburb area of the town of Caerphilly in Wales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8297510517d822e4e2dd949eb38cb7d", "text": "Blairstown Theater Festival The Blairstown Theater Festival operated from December 2006 through November 2007 at historic Roy 's Hall ( also known as Roy 's Theatre ) , a former silent movie theater built in 1913 at 30 Main Street in Blairstown , New Jersey . On July 13 , 2007 , the company attracted considerable media attention when they presented three screenings of the classic horror film , Friday the 13th , which was shot in and around Blairstown in the fall of 1979 . Roy 's Hall appears in the film shortly after the opening credits . The company 's January 2007 production of Letters from the Inside was selected by The Star-Ledger as one of the top five new plays of the 2006 -- 2007 New Jersey theater season and actress Kelli Ambrose , who played Mandy in Letters from the Inside , was selected as one of the top five Best Leading Actresses in a Play . Among the other concerts and productions presented by the Blairstown Theater Festival were Nancy Anderson singing early Broadway songs backed by the Baroque Orchestra of North Jersey ( Baroque to Broadway ) , the Still River Band in Concert , Malachy McCourt and Jarlath Conroy in A Couple of Blaguards , Betsy Palmer and Will Hutchins in A.R. Gurney 's Love Letters , the New Jersey premiere of I Am Anne Frank , and concerts by cabaret performers KT Sullivan ( Vienna to Weimar ) , John O'Neil ( ` So Kaye ) , the Western Wind Vocal Ensemble ( Holiday Light ) , Cris Groenendaal ( Music of the Night ) , Jana Robbins ( One Hell of a Ride ! The Songs of Cy Coleman ) and jazz pianist Bill Mays and his Inventions Trio . The company also presented several film festivals with such classic titles as Gone with the Wind , Casablanca , Seven Samurai , Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein , A Night at the Opera , The Court Jester , -LSB- -LSB- Beauty and the Beast ( 1946 film ) \| La Belle et la Bête -RSB- -RSB- , Black Orpheus , Mon Oncle , The Wages of Fear and La Strada . The Blairstown Theater Festival was not able to continue past its first season for several reasons . Most significantly , Blairstown Township suddenly increased the real estate taxes on the building by more than 680 % ( from $ 1,031.55 to $ 7,032.30 ) and the landlord decided to sell the theatre . A CD featuring highlights from the Blairstown Theater Festival 's season was released in February 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac266bc8a1c71a7b9a42f4f2b8f2482a", "text": "Muriel Box Muriel Box ( 22 September 1905 -- 18 May 1991 ) was an Oscar-winning English screenwriter and director . She was born Violette Muriel Baker in Tolworth , Surrey , England in 1905 . When her attempts at acting and dancing proved to be unsuccessful , she accepted work as a continuity girl for British International Pictures . In 1935 , she met and married journalist Sydney Box , with whom she collaborated on nearly forty plays with mainly female roles for amateur theatre groups . Their production company , Verity Films , first released short propaganda films , including The English Inn ( 1941 ) , her first directing effort , after which it branched into fiction . The couple achieved their greatest joint success with The Seventh Veil ( 1945 ) for which they gained the Academy Award for Best Writing , Original Screenplay in the following year . After the war , the Rank Organisation hired her husband to head Gainsborough Pictures , where she was in charge of the scenario department , writing scripts for a number of light comedies , including two for child star Petula Clark , Easy Money and Here Come the Huggetts ( both 1948 ) . She occasionally assisted as a dialogue director , or re-shot scenes during post-production . Her extensive work on The Lost People ( 1949 ) gained her a credit as co-director , her first for a full-length feature . In 1951 , her husband created London Independent Producers , allowing Box more opportunities to direct . Many of her early films were adaptations of plays , and as such had a stage-bound feel , since she rarely shot on location . They were noteworthy more for their strong performances than they were for a distinctive directorial style . She favoured scripts with topical and frequently controversial themes , including Irish politics , teenage sex , abortion , illegitimacy , and syphilis , and several of her films were banned by local authorities . She pursued her favorite subject -- the female experience -- in a number of films , including Street Corner ( 1953 ) about women police officers , Somerset Maugham 's The Beachcomber ( 1954 ) , with Donald Sinden and Glynis Johns as a resourceful missionary , again working with Donald Sinden on Eyewitness ( 1956 ) and a series of comedies about the battle of the sexes , including The Passionate Stranger ( 1957 ) , The Truth About Women ( 1958 ) and her final film , Rattle of a Simple Man ( 1964 ) . Box often experienced prejudice in a male-dominated industry , especially hurtful when perpetrated by another female . In 1950 , Jean Simmons had her replaced on So Long at the Fair , and Kay Kendall unsuccessfully attempted to do the same with Simon and Laura ( 1955 ) . Many producers questioned her competence to direct large-scale feature films , and while the press was quick to note her position as one of very few women directors in the British film industry , their tone tended to be condescending rather than filled with praise . She left film-making to write novels and created a successful publishing house , Femina , which proved to be a rewarding outlet for her feminism . She divorced Sydney Box in 1969 . The following year , she married Gerald Gardiner , who had been Lord Chancellor . She died in Hendon , London in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246d6650165524edfd0b799dfd4312af", "text": "York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' . Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street . The Oscar Hammerstein Award is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years . Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2e3e67872d8488dbe152790af97e1fe", "text": "Antidote Films For the Australian film distribution company , see Antidote Films ( Australia ) . Antidote Films , also known as Antidote International Films , Inc. , is an independent film production company founded by producer Jeff Levy-Hinte based in the Hudson Square neighborhood of New York City . In 2008 , Antidote completed several documentaries , including Soul Power and The Dungeon Masters , both of which premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival . Antidote produced Roman Polanski : Wanted and Desired , a documentary directed by Marina Zenovich , which was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize and winner of the Documentary Editing Award at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , the film will be released domestically by HBO and internationally through The Weinstein Company . Prior to this , Antidote produced several narrative films until The Last Winter , when the company shifted its focus to documentary . Other Antidiote productions include the eco-horror thriller The Last Winter ; The Hawk Is Dying , adapted from Harry Crews ' novel and directed by Julian Goldberger ; Mysterious Skin , directed by Greg Araki ; and Thirteen , directed by Catherine Hardwicke . In 2003 Daily Variety announced Antidote 's plans for a film adaptation of the JT LeRoy novel ` Sarah ' , to be directed by Steven Shainberg . According to The New York Times , when Shainberg learned that JT LeRoy was a literary persona and that Laura Albert was the actual author of Sarah , he decided `` to make a ` meta-film , ' a triple-layered movie that would blend the novel with the lives of its real and purported authors in a project he took to calling ` Sarah Plus . ' '' The Times also reported that this new project `` required the rights to Laura Albert 's story , rights that she in no uncertain terms refused to grant . '' In June 2007 Antidote sued Albert for fraud , claiming that a contract signed with JT LeRoy to make a feature film of Sarah was null and void . After a Manhattan jury found Albert liable in monetary damages for the tort of fraud because she had signed her nom de plume to the movie contract , The New York Times noted that Jeffrey Levy-Hinte said , `` if Ms. Albert , who never made a fortune from her literary works , could not afford to pay the judgment , he might have to consider laying claim to the rights to her past and future books . '' Levy-Hinte 's chief lawyer insisted , `` Neither Jeff nor I want to ruin Laura Albert . We just want her to behave with a little more integrity . '' After an appeal , the damages awarded were reduced by settlement with Antidote in 2009 , and Laura Albert retained the rights to her books and her life story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a8acdf0629157c61c273a5c7fe45c2", "text": "Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward . The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' . The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret . In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7b82b4745a6d4f7955e03edd71eee5b", "text": "Gateway Theatre (Chester) right \| thumb \| Gateway Theatre \| alt = Gateway Theatre The Gateway Theatre was a small producing and receiving theatre in the city of Chester , England . The theatre has welcomed many famous performers , including Matthew Kelly , Les Dennis and Dennis Waterman . The venue closed after its Christmas production at the end of 2007 to be replaced with a larger Performing Arts Centre , as part of a redevelopment of Chester city centre named The Northgate Development . The last touring show to visit was Yippeee !!! by Lea Anderson MBE 's contemporary dance company The Cholmondeleys and Featherstonehaughs . Later in 2007 the Gateway Theatre was partially reopened as The Forum Studio Theatre , run by an amateur company , Tip Top Productions . The company presents a number of in house and touring professional productions each season together with visiting music acts and other events . Tip Top Productions marks it 's 10th Anniversary at The Forum Studio Theatre in 2017 . The opening of the planned performing arts centre as part of the Northgate Development became uncertain in 2008 , when it was announced the project would be put on hold until 2012 , due to the ongoing economic downturn . The newly named Storyhouse , housing the City 's new theatre , art house cinema and Library is now set to open on 11 May 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda73ca777bad592d2c732ea1a60eb0a", "text": "Lightning Entertainment Lightning Entertainment is an American film distributor , sales agent , and production company based in Santa Monica , California . It was founded in 2002 by Richard Guardian , Rich Goldberg , and Marc Greenberg , focusing on sales and distribution of independent films . It began offering film production services in 2012 , which it stated were designed to help domestic films better target international markets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64b5fbf902c12c49db526c09007d9da6", "text": "Iambic Productions Iambic Productions Limited is an independent television production company specializing in the fields of music , arts and drama founded by producer Chris Hunt in 1988 . The company was a part of production and distribution Group DCD Media since its acquisition by the Group in 2000 until 2008 , when Chris Hunt took Iambic back into private ownership", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f72c676c359b4c4b26f4d633de297d46", "text": "Frank Gillmore Frank Parker Gillmore ( May 14 , 1867 , New York City , New York -- March 29 , 1943 , New York City , New York ) was an American playwright and a stage and early film actor . He was a founder and former President of Actor 's Equity . He was born to John Parker Gillmore and his actress wife , Emily ( née Thorne : died March 5 , 1907 ) , sister of the actress Sarah Thorne and actors Thomas and George Thorne . At the time of his birth his parents were touring the United States , returning to Great Britain three weeks after their son 's birth . Frank Gillmore was educated at the Chiswick Collegiate School in London and made his stage debut in London in 1879 , then toured the British provinces for three years before returning to the London stage where he remained for a further five years . During this period he shared lodgings with George Arliss . Gillmore then alternated between appearances in Britain and America for a further five years . Aged 17 he appeared with Lillie Langtry . He married the American actress Laura Margaret MacGillivray whom he met when they both appeared in an American tour of Lady Windermere 's Fan . With her he had two daughters , the actors Ruth Gillmore and Margalo Gillmore . Frank Gillmore appeared as a leading man with the companies of Minnie Fiske , Henrietta Crosman , Mary Mannering , Bertha Kalich and George Fawcett , among others . Gillmore 's stage appearances included a single matinee performance of The Merchant of Venice on October 17 , 1895 at the Gaiety Theatre in London , when he played Bassanio , The Ghost of Jerry Bundler at the Haymarket Theatre in London in September 1902 , and A Japanese Nightingale which opened at Daly 's Theater in New York in November 1903 . Gillmore returned to America semi-permanently sometime in the late 1890s , and took his family with him . He and his family were long time summer residents of the Actor 's Colony at Siasconset , and he was a former president of the Siasconset Casino . Gillmore became a founder of the Actors ' Equity Association in 1913 after the Actors Society of America disbanded in 1912 . He made two silent films , The Fairy and the Waif ( 1915 ) and The Lifted Veil ( 1917 ) . From 1918 to 1929 he was the union 's Executive Secretary and eventual President , a position he held from 1929 to 1937 . He was also the international President of the Associated Actors and Artistes of America from 1938 to 1943 and a Freemason . As President of Actor 's Equity Gillmore received The American Arbitration Association 's annual gold Commercial Peace Medal in May 1931 `` for distinguished service in the establishment of commercial peace through arbitration '' Frank Gillmore died of cancer in New York City on March 29 , 1943 , aged 75 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d3df462865dd0ba35cc53028e8eb12d", "text": "Genesis Theatre Genesis Theatre were an amateur theatre group that existed from 1975 to 1982 in the Greater Manchester area . The name was taken from the book of Genesis , because when they started out they were literally at their beginning . The group were known for attempting large productions more commonly associated with professional theatre groups ( such as the Who 's Tommy and an aborted first attempt at Jeff Wayne 's the War of the Worlds ) as well as several original musicals . They had several premieres amongst their productions , some being Amateur World Premieres , others simply Amateur North West Premieres . The two key members were Chris Fogg ( Writer and Director ) and Chris Dumigan ( Musical Director ) . However the most well known former members are Mike Shaft ( who has his own radio station Radio Sunset ) and Louis Emerick ( who appeared in the Channel 4 soap opera Brookside BBC 's Casualty and many programmes besides ) . The most critically well received show was the Who 's Tommy , which was the first North West stage presentation of the concept album and was approved by Pete Townshend . At the same time Townshend had given his sanction for a Southern Amateur company to present Tommy ; they beat Genesis Theatre to the stage by a matter of a few weeks . It was their production that Townshend saw and eventually took to the professional stage . There was an aborted attempt to put on the first theatre performance of Jeff Wayne 's the War of the Worlds at the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester . This needed a reasonable budget and a sponsor was found in Renault . However two weeks before the initial performance Renault were taken over by a new company , who - refusing to pay towards any sponsorship - withdrew their funding , and the show was cancelled . Interestingly it was never put onto the live stage until 2005 , when Jeff Wayne finally toured with his own version of the complete musical . Unsurprisingly the original musicals Stag and Marilyn are the ones discussed most often by former members . Stag is a complex story about the half-man half-beast god Herne the Hunter seducing a woman . Marilyn tells the story of an actress who plays the part of Marilyn Monroe and finds her life tragically mirroring her predecessor . In 1979 Mike Mansfield , who was well known at the time for TV programmes such as Supersonic , expressed an interest in the group . He provided the funding for the group to go into the studio and record Stag , this caught the attention of Robert Stigwood who was the then manager of the Bee Gees , who had recently peaked with their Saturday Night Fever album . There were reports that Chris Fogg and Chris Dumigan were about to be signed , but when the Bee Gees sued their manager , this stopped dead any hopes of Stigwood having the necessary cash to fund Stag , so the idea was permanently shelved . Genesis Theatre effectively ended in 1982 when Chris Fogg moved from Greater Manchester to Somerset . It was generally felt that the group were no longer moving forward and had either missed their lucky break or it was never going to arrive after 7 years . Several principal members have since died , including Graham Brittain ( Chairman ) , Nicky Baird ( Principal Cast Member ) and Mike Bonwick ( Bass player ) . Chris Dumigan still lives in the Greater Manchester area as do several other former members and there are regular reunions . In 2003 , Chris Dumigan wrote his memoirs of Genesis Theatre and can be found along with similar biographies by Chris Fogg , Guy Taylor , Alison Davis , Anita King and Alan Ratcliff on the website at www.genesistheatre.co.uk , along with hundreds of photographs of all the shows they did . There has also been some restoration work performed on the studio recordings of Stag and a live recording of Marilyn . Moreover , as most of the shows were recorded at least once during the live performances to stereo cassette , these have all now been transferred to a program that cleans up recordings , during which the recordings were de - hissed and maximised in a number of ways to make the end result as dynamic as possible.Then they have been transferred to CDs . Everyone of the shows listed above that were actually staged ( except ` Shakespeare 's Greatest Hit ' , and '' And Afterwards at ... ' ) have at least one full live recording in the archives , and in the case of ` You 're A Good Man Charlie Brown , the Royal Exchange performance exists on DVD . For any further information contact Chris Dumigan", "title": "" }, { "docid": "812513f9570ffa2bc42002c3196aef03", "text": "Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia . Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members . The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others . In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network . David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing . In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta . Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects . In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre . In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores . In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience . Official Website Category : Theatres in Atlanta", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "828eb4d6ea9bb2d42a702bf21a6d8478", "text": "Stage Right! Stage Right ! is a professional theatre company and performing arts school located in Greensburg , Pennsylvania . Established in 1998 as an organization for young people to take classes in musical theatre by Chris Rizk , Stage Right ! also became a professional theatre company in 1999 , established by artistic director Anthony Marino , Rizk 's brother . The company produces a full season of musicals , utilizing professional actors from the Pittsburgh theatre scene as well as students from their classes . In spring 2013 , Stage Right moved its studio a few blocks to a larger space at 105 W Fourth Street , Greensburg . The season is supplemented with many other opportunities to utilize the talents of the students , including an `` all-county musical '' featuring students from local high school theatre programs , children 's plays , summer camp productions , and Books Come Alive ! , a series of adaptations of children 's books performed at libraries throughout the area . The company is also notable for its annual production of The Rocky Horror Show every Halloween . Many of Stage Right ! 's students have had success in Pittsburgh Public Theater 's Shakespeare Monologue and Scene Contest , as well as going on to well-respected college theatre programs such as Carnegie Mellon University , Point Park University , New York University , Seton Hill University , Syracuse University , and Shenandoah University . Stage Right ! alums have also had success in professional theatre , working in such venues as York Theatre , Off the Wall Productions , Bricolage Production Company , Pittsburgh Irish and Classical Theatre , Prime Stage Theatre , Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera , Pittsburgh Musical Theater , St. Vincent Summer Theatre , City Theatre , Terra Nova Theatre Group , MCC Theater , and 12 Peers Theater , as well as having had their work featured in the Pittsburgh New Works Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" } ]	fever
936b24b1d88fff025946bfacd05ac832	Andrew Jackson was the first President of the United States.	[ { "docid": "fb04257cad23c0bdf1fe8f645a463e71", "text": "Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson ( March 15 , 1767 -- June 8 , 1845 ) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837 and was the founder of the Democratic Party . Before being elected to the presidency , Jackson served in Congress and gained fame as a general in the United States Army . As president , Jackson sought to advance the rights of the `` common man '' against a `` corrupt aristocracy '' and to preserve the Union . He became a practicing lawyer in Tennessee and in 1791 he married Rachel Donelson Robards . Jackson served briefly in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate . Upon returning to Tennessee , he was appointed a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court , serving from 1798 until 1804 . In 1801 , Jackson was appointed colonel in the Tennessee militia , and was elected its commander the following year . He led Tennessee militia and U.S. Army regulars during the Creek War of 1813 -- 1814 , winning a major victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend . The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson required the Creek surrender of vast lands in present-day Alabama and Georgia . Jackson won a decisive victory in the War of 1812 over the British army at the Battle of New Orleans , making him a national hero . Following the conclusion of the War of 1812 , Jackson led U.S. forces in the First Seminole War , which helped produce the Adams -- Onís Treaty of 1819 and the transfer of Florida from Spain to the United States . Following the ratification of the treaty , Jackson briefly served as Florida 's first territorial governor before winning election as a U.S. Senator from Tennessee . Jackson was a candidate for president in 1824 but , lacking a majority of electoral votes , lost the election in the House of Representatives to John Quincy Adams . In reaction to a `` corrupt bargain '' between opponents Adams and Henry Clay , Jackson 's supporters founded the Democratic Party . He ran again for president in 1828 against Adams and won in a landslide . As president , Jackson faced a threat of secession by South Carolina over the `` Tariff of Abominations '' enacted under Adams . The Nullification Crisis was defused when the tariff was amended and Jackson threatened the use of military force if South Carolina attempted to secede . Congress , led by Clay , attempted to reauthorize the Second Bank of the United States ; Jackson regarded the Bank as a corrupt institution and vetoed the renewal of its charter . After a lengthy struggle , Jackson and the congressional Democrats thoroughly dismantled the Bank . In 1835 , Jackson became the only president to completely pay off the national debt , fulfilling a longtime goal . In foreign affairs , Jackson 's administration concluded a `` most favored nation '' treaty with Great Britain , settled U.S. claims of damages by France from the Napoleonic Wars , and recognized the Republic of Texas . His presidency marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the `` spoils system '' in American politics . In 1830 , Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act , which relocated most members of the Native American tribes in the South to Indian Territory ( now Oklahoma ) . The relocation process dispossessed the Indians and resulted in widespread death and sickness . In his retirement , Jackson remained active in Democratic Party politics , supporting the presidencies of Martin Van Buren and James K. Polk . Jackson was widely revered in the United States , but his reputation has declined since the mid-20th century , largely due to his role in Indian removal and support for slavery . Surveys of historians and scholars have ranked Jackson between 6th and 18th most successful among United States presidents .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "86b8906a1834fbba37bbde9aea5cb30f", "text": "Jackson Township, Daviess County, Missouri Jackson Township is a township in Daviess County , in the U.S. state of Missouri . Jackson Township has the name of President Andrew Jackson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45c30197c3250f7ab3596ee4ba56aca0", "text": "United States elections, 1794 The 1794 United States elections occurred in the middle of President George Washington 's second term . Members of the 4th United States Congress were chosen in this election . Tennessee was admitted as a state during the 4th Congress . The election took place at the beginning of the First Party System , with the Democratic-Republican Party and Federalist Party emerging as political parties , succeeding the anti-administration faction and the pro-administration faction . In the House , the Democratic-Republicans picked up a small number of seats , increasing their majority . However , Federalist Jonathan Dayton was elected Speaker of the House , defeating Frederick Muhlenberg , who had a less clear partisan affiliation . In the Senate , the Federalists picked up a moderate number of seats , increasing their majority . Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his presidency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1be42205619903da3c01ebed1666d6f", "text": "Inauguration of Andrew Johnson The inauguration of Andrew Johnson as the 17th President of the United States was held on April 15 , 1865 at the Kirkwood House in Washington , D.C. , following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . The inauguration marked the commencement of Andrew Johnson 's only term ( a partial term of ) as President . Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the Oath of office . After the ceremony , President Johnson gave an impromptu inaugural address , which began with him begging the cabinet to remain with him and then attacking the Confederacy with such venom , that one witness remarked `` It would have been better had he been struck dumb . '' As President Lincoln lay dying , Vice President Johnson visited the room where he lay , and when Mrs. Lincoln saw him , it was reported , she screamed and demanded he be removed . So he went back to his room at the Kirkwood House . According to newspaper reports , the Vice President had gotten severely inebriated , and when aides to the now-dead president came to fetch the new President they were unable to wake him for several minutes . When he was finally awake , the accounts read , `` he had puffy eyes and his hair was caked with mud from the street , '' and that a barber and doctor were summoned to clean him up for the ten-o'clock ceremony , which most accounts agree went smoothly . However , there are other accounts , believed more reliable by some , which refute this claim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f1839d48914bd061174cf09e75379f", "text": "1840 Democratic National Convention The 1840 Democratic National Convention was held in Baltimore . The Democrats nominated President Martin Van Buren for reelection in 1840 in spite of his unpopularity following the Panic of 1837 . Vice President Richard M. Johnson was not retained on the ticket , as he was largely seen as a liability in the 1836 election and had focused much of his time as vice president on his own economic affairs . Former President Andrew Jackson backed James K. Polk for the position of vice president , but Van Buren supported his vice president 's renomination . The convention ultimately decided not to nominate a running mate for Van Buren . As a result , Van Buren became the only major party presidential nominee since the passage of the 12th Amendment to seek election without a running mate . Polk and Johnson both received electoral votes for vice president in the general election , but the Whig ticket won the election . Delegates from 21 of 26 states were in attendance . States not in attendance were Connecticut , Delaware , Illinois , South Carolina and Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bf465f5409ff28d0b60afdcad295834", "text": "1801 State of the Union Address The 1801 State of the Union Address was written by Thomas Jefferson , the third President of the United States , on December 8 , 1801 . It was his first annual address , and it was presented in Washington , D.C , by a clerk . He did not speak it to the Congress , because he thought that would make him seem like a king . He said , `` Whilst we devoutly return thanks to the beneficent Being who has been pleased to breathe into them the spirit of conciliation and forgiveness , we are bound with peculiar gratitude to be thankful to Him that our own peace has been preserved through so perilous a season , and ourselves permitted quietly to cultivate the earth and to practice and improve those arts which tend to increase our comforts . '' During the address Jefferson proclaimed the Washington Doctrine of Unstable Alliances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d07ca56e75b1ace354098839a5810621", "text": "Texas annexation The Texas annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America , which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29 , 1845 . The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2 , 1836 . At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States . The leadership of both major American political parties , the Democrats and the Whigs , opposed the introduction of Texas , a vast slave-holding region , into the volatile political climate of the pro- and anti-slavery sectional controversies in Congress . Moreover , they wished to avoid a war with Mexico , whose government refused to acknowledge the sovereignty of its rebellious northern province . With Texas 's economic fortunes declining by the early 1840s , the President of the Texas Republic , Sam Houston , arranged talks with Mexico to explore the possibility of securing official recognition of independence , with Great Britain mediating . In 1843 , U.S. President John Tyler , unaligned with any political party , decided independently to pursue the annexation of Texas in a bid to gain a base of popular support for another four years in office . His official motivation was to outmaneuver suspected diplomatic efforts by the British government for emancipation of slaves in Texas , which would undermine slavery in the United States . Through secret negotiations with the Houston administration , Tyler secured a treaty of annexation in April 1844 . When the documents were submitted to the US Senate for ratification , the details of the terms of annexation became public and the question of acquiring Texas took center stage in the presidential election of 1844 . Pro-Texas-annexation southern Democratic delegates denied their anti-annexation leader Martin Van Buren the nomination at their party 's convention in May 1844 . In alliance with pro-expansion northern Democratic colleagues , they secured the nomination of James K. Polk , who ran on a pro-Texas Manifest Destiny platform . In June 1844 , the Senate , with its Whig majority , soundly rejected the Tyler -- Texas treaty . The pro-annexation Democrat Polk narrowly defeated anti-annexation Whig Henry Clay in the November 1844 presidential election . In December 1844 , lame-duck President Tyler called on Congress to pass his treaty by simple majorities in each house . The Democratic-dominated House of Representatives complied with his request by passing an amended bill expanding on the pro-slavery provisions of the Tyler treaty . The Senate narrowly passed a compromise version of the House bill ( by the vote of the minority Democrats and several southern Whigs ) , designed to provide the incoming President-elect Polk the options of immediate annexation of Texas or new talks to revise the annexation terms of the House-amended bill . On March 1 , 1845 , President Tyler signed the annexation bill , and on March 3 ( his last day in office ) , he forwarded the House version to Texas , offering immediate annexation ( which preempted Polk ) . When Polk took office the next day , he encouraged Texas to accept the Tyler offer . Texas ratified the agreement with popular approval from Texans . The bill was signed by Polk on December 29 , 1845 , accepting Texas as the 28th state of the Union . Texas formally relinquished its sovereignty to the United States on February 19 , 1846 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be0dc29f992fa7fb15113fa19eaaed4d", "text": "America's Critical Period The term America 's Critical Period , popularized by John Fiske in 1888 with his book The Critical Period of American History , refers to the period of United States history in the 1780s , right after the American Revolution , where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance . More specifically , the `` Critical Period '' refers to the period of time following the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 to the inauguration of George Washington as President in 1789 . The phrase was first used to describe this era ( unbeknownst to Fiske ) by William Henry Trescot in his 1857 book The Diplomatic History of the Administrations of Washington and Adams . During the 1780s , the loose confederation of states was beset with a wide array of foreign and domestic problems . Some historians believe it was a bleak , terrible time for Americans , while others such as Merrill Jensen believe the term `` Critical Period '' is exaggerated , and that , while the decade a time of dispute and change , they were also a time of economic growth and political maturation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e479597257631dd5f8c26deb9be017", "text": "William McKinley William McKinley Jr. ( January 29 , 1843 -- September 14 , 1901 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 25th President of the United States from March 4 , 1897 until his assassination in September 1901 , six months into his second term . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . McKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War , and the only one to have started the war as an enlisted soldier , beginning as a private in the Union Army and ending as a brevet major . After the war , he settled in Canton , Ohio , where he practiced law and married Ida Saxton . In 1876 , he was elected to Congress , where he became the Republican Party 's expert on the protective tariff , which he promised would bring prosperity . His 1890 McKinley Tariff was highly controversial ; which together with a Democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymandering him out of office , led to his defeat in the Democratic landslide of 1890 . He was elected Ohio 's governor in 1891 and 1893 , steering a moderate course between capital and labor interests . With the aid of his close adviser Mark Hanna , he secured the Republican nomination for president in 1896 , amid a deep economic depression . He defeated his Democratic rival , William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' ( the gold standard unless altered by international agreement ) and promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity . Rapid economic growth marked McKinley 's presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation into the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but at that time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . Historians regard McKinley 's 1896 victory as a realigning election , in which the political stalemate of the post -- Civil War era gave way to the Republican-dominated Fourth Party System , which began with the Progressive Era . McKinley defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . However , his legacy was quickly cut short when he was shot on September 6 , 1901 by Leon Czolgosz , a second-generation Polish-American with anarchist leanings ; McKinley died eight days later , and was succeeded by his Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally considered above average , though his universally positive public perception was soon overshadowed by Roosevelt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae983556e67370be7dd5b8684b8362f", "text": "Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington , D.C. , dedicated to Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 -- 1826 ) , one of the most important of the American Founding Fathers as the main drafter and writer of the Declaration of Independence , member of the Continental Congress , governor of the newly independent Commonwealth of Virginia , American minister to King Louis XVI and the Kingdom of France , first U.S. Secretary of State under the first President George Washington , the second Vice President of the United States under second President John Adams , and also the third President ( 1801 -- 1809 ) , as well as being the founder of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville , Virginia . The neoclassical Memorial building on the Tidal Basin off the Washington Channel of the Potomac River was designed by the architect John Russell Pope and built by the Philadelphia contractor John McShain . Construction of the building began in 1939 and was completed in 1943 . The bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947 . The Jefferson Memorial is managed by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior under its National Mall and Memorial Parks division . In 2007 , it was ranked fourth on the `` List of America 's Favorite Architecture '' by the American Institute of Architects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1623cf227fd97167ce7ab2297710342", "text": "Inauguration of Franklin Pierce The inauguration of Franklin Pierce as the 14th President of the United States was held on Friday , March 4 , 1853 on the East Portico at the United States Capitol in Washington , D.C. . The inauguration marked the commencement of Franklin Pierce 's only four-year term as President and William R. King 's only term as Vice President . Chief Justice Roger B. Taney administered the presidential oath of office . Pierce affirmed the oath of office rather than swear it , and was also the first president to recite his inaugural address from memory . Ill with tuberculosis , King was in Cuba in an effort to recover in the warmer climate , and was not able to be in Washington to take his oath of office on March 4 . By a Special Act of Congress , he was allowed to take the oath outside the United States , and was sworn in on March 24 , 1853 . He is the only vice president to be sworn in in a foreign country . King died days into his term , and the office remained vacant for the balance of it . ( Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967 , no constitutional provision existed for filling an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e59177487e1f2b11550314ff76ecae1", "text": "List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson Following is a list of all United States federal judges appointed by President Andrew Jackson during his term of office . In total Jackson appointed 24 federal judges : six Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States and eighteen judges to the United States district courts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99198a9b264aaf5a53026000e9bd9bce", "text": "First Amendment to the United States Constitution The First Amendment ( Amendment I ) to the United States Constitution prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion , ensuring that there is no prohibition on the free exercise of religion , abridging the freedom of speech , infringing on the freedom of the press , interfering with the right to peaceably assemble , or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances . It was adopted on December 15 , 1791 , as one of the ten amendments that constitute the Bill of Rights . The Bill of Rights was originally proposed to assuage Anti-Federalist opposition to Constitutional ratification . Initially , the First Amendment applied only to laws enacted by the Congress , and many of its provisions were interpreted more narrowly than they are today . Beginning with Gitlow v. New York ( 1925 ) , the Supreme Court applied the First Amendment to states -- a process known as incorporation -- through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment . In Everson v. Board of Education ( 1947 ) , the Court drew on Thomas Jefferson 's correspondence to call for `` a wall of separation between church and State '' , though the precise boundary of this separation remains in dispute . Speech rights were expanded significantly in a series of 20th and 21st-century court decisions which protected various forms of political speech , anonymous speech , campaign financing , pornography , and school speech ; these rulings also defined a series of exceptions to First Amendment protections . The Supreme Court overturned English common law precedent to increase the burden of proof for defamation and libel suits , most notably in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan ( 1964 ) . Commercial speech , however , is less protected by the First Amendment than political speech , and is therefore subject to greater regulation . The Free Press Clause protects publication of information and opinions , and applies to a wide variety of media . In Near v. Minnesota ( 1931 ) and New York Times v. United States ( 1971 ) , the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment protected against prior restraint -- pre-publication censorship -- in almost all cases . The Petition Clause protects the right to petition all branches and agencies of government for action . In addition to the right of assembly guaranteed by this clause , the Court has also ruled that the amendment implicitly protects freedom of association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b922aec158f81fced29dd62ac3796dd1", "text": "Swing Around the Circle Swing Around the Circle refers to a disastrous speaking campaign undertaken by U.S. President Andrew Johnson between August 27 and September 15 , 1866 , in which he tried to gain support for his mild Reconstruction policies and for his preferred candidates ( mostly Democrats ) in the forthcoming midterm Congressional elections . The tour received its nickname due to the route that the campaign took : `` Washington , D.C. , to New York , west to Chicago , south to St. Louis , and east through the Ohio River valley back to the nation 's capital '' . Johnson undertook the speaking tour in the face of increasing opposition in the northern states and in Washington to his lenient form of reconstruction in the south , which had led the southern states largely to revert to the social system that had predominated before the Civil War . Although he believed he could regain the trust of moderate northern Republicans by exploiting tensions between them and their Radical counterparts on the tour , Johnson only alienated them more . This caused a supporter of Johnson to say of the tour that it would have been better `` had it never been made . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "310537071392907853423c7c5ec56c8e", "text": "Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation , formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union , was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution . Its drafting by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress began on July 12 , 1776 , and an approved version was sent to the states for ratification on November 15 , 1777 . The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1 , 1781 , after being ratified by all 13 states . A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states . The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament . The Articles formed a war-time confederation of states , with an extremely limited central government . Even unratified , the document was used by the Congress to conduct business , direct the American Revolutionary War , conduct diplomacy with foreign nations , and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations . Actually the adoption of the Articles made no perceptible change in the federal government , because it did little more than legalize what the Continental Congress had been doing . That body was now taken over as the Congress of the Confederation ; but Americans continued to call it the Continental Congress , since its organization remained the same . As the Confederation Congress attempted to govern the continually growing American states , delegates discovered that the limitations placed upon the central government rendered it ineffective at doing so . As the government 's weaknesses became apparent , especially after Shays ' Rebellion , individuals began asking for changes to the Articles . Their hope was to create a stronger national government . Initially , some states met to deal with their trade and economic problems . However , as more states became interested in meeting to change the Articles , a meeting was set in Philadelphia on May 25 , 1787 . This became the Constitutional Convention . It was quickly realized that changes would not work , and instead the entire Articles needed to be replaced . On March 4 , 1789 , the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the Constitution . The new Constitution provided for a much stronger federal government by establishing a chief executive ( the President ) , courts , and taxing powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbedd9f8357d675a22ab58403dad90df", "text": "United States presidential election in Alabama, 1832 The 1832 United States presidential election in Alabama took place between November 2 and December 5 , 1832 , as part of the 1832 United States presidential election . Voters chose seven representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Alabama voted for the Democratic candidate , Andrew Jackson , over the National Republican candidate , Henry Clay . Jackson won Alabama by a margin of 99.94 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf7176bedfeb6e27c60bace6e74919db", "text": "Roger B. Taney Roger Brooke Taney ( -LSB- ˈtɔːni -RSB- March 17 , 1777 -- October 12 , 1864 ) was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court , holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864 . He delivered the majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford ( 1857 ) , that ruled , among other things , that African-Americans , having been considered inferior at the time the United States Constitution was drafted , were not part of the original community of citizens and , whether free or slave , could not be considered citizens of the United States , which created an uproar among abolitionists and the free states of the northern U.S. . He was the first Roman Catholic ( and first non-Protestant ) appointed both to a presidential cabinet , as Attorney General under President Andrew Jackson , as well as to the Court . Taney , a Jacksonian Democrat , was made Chief Justice by Jackson . Taney was a believer in states ' rights . He inherited slaves from his father but manumitted them and gave pensions to the older ones . He believed that power and liberty were extremely important and if power became too concentrated , then it posed a grave threat to individual liberty . He opposed attempts by the national government to regulate or control matters that would restrict the rights of individuals . From Prince Frederick , Maryland , he had practiced law and politics simultaneously and succeeded in both . After abandoning the Federalist Party as a losing cause , he rose to the top of the state 's Jacksonian machine . As Attorney General ( 1831 -- 1833 ) and then Secretary of the Treasury ( 1833 -- 1834 ) , and as a prominent member of the Kitchen Cabinet , Taney became one of Jackson 's closest advisers , assisting Jackson in his populist crusade against the powerful Bank of the United States . In Dred Scott v. Sandford , an African-American slave named Dred Scott had appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes of being granted his freedom based on his having been brought by his masters to live in free territories . The Taney Court ruled that persons of African descent could not be , nor were ever intended to be , citizens under the U.S. Constitution , and thus the plaintiff ( Scott ) was without legal standing to file a suit . The framers of the Constitution , Taney wrote , believed that blacks `` had no rights which the white man was bound to respect ; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit . He was bought and sold and treated as an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic , whenever profit could be made by it . '' The court also declared the Missouri Compromise ( 1820 ) unconstitutional , thus permitting slavery in all of the country 's territories . Taney died during the final months of the American Civil War on the same day that his home state of Maryland abolished slavery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1fa0a4ad6ab3c65a69b3302475118d8", "text": "The Hermitage (Nashville, Tennessee) The Hermitage is a historical plantation and museum located in Davidson County , Tennessee , United States , 10 mi east of downtown Nashville . The plantation was owned by Andrew Jackson , the seventh President of the United States , from 1804 until his death at the Hermitage in 1845 . Jackson only lived at the property occasionally until he retired from public life in 1837 . Enslaved men and women , numbering nine at the plantation 's purchase in 1804 and 110 at Jackson 's death , worked at the Hermitage , principally involved in growing cotton , its major cash crop . It is a National Historic Landmark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37b337b84e6daf36331cc78a26e4d614", "text": "United States presidential election, 1836 The United States presidential election of 1836 was the 13th quadrennial presidential election , held from Thursday , November 3 , to Wednesday , December 7 , 1836 . As the third consecutive election victory for the Democratic Party , it ushered incumbent Vice President Martin Van Buren into the White House with 170 electoral votes to 124 electoral votes for William Henry Harrison and other Whigs . The popular vote was closer ; Martin Van Buren attracted 764,000 votes to the 738,000 won by the various Whig candidates . The election of 1836 is principally remembered for three distinctive circumstances : The Whig Party ran four candidates in different parts of the country in hopes that each would be popular enough to defeat Democrat Martin Van Buren in their respective region . The strategy failed , but had three of the four received more electoral votes then Van Buren , it would have been left to the House of Representatives to decide between the competing Whig candidates . Richard Mentor Johnson became the first ( and to date only ) Vice President elected by the United States Senate . Although pledged to Van Buren and Johnson ( his running mate ) , Virginia 's 23 electors refused to vote for Johnson , which left him one electoral vote short of the 148-vote majority required to be elected . As such , it was left to the Senate to decide between the top two vote recipient recipients , Johnson and Francis Granger . Johnson was elected on the first ballot 33 to 16 . This was the last election until the 1988 election ( of George H. W. Bush ) in which the incumbent Vice President was elected to succeed the president under whom he served . The election of 1836 also marked an important turning point in American political history because of the part it played in establishing the Second Party System . In the 1830s the political party structure was still changing , rapidly , the Democratic Party was organized , but factional and personal leaders still played a major role in politics . By the end of the campaign of 1836 , the new party system was almost complete , as nearly every faction had been absorbed by either the Democrats or the Whigs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f157a2a04f0fa018b7bad995d76232fb", "text": "United States presidential election in New Jersey, 1824 The 1824 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place between October 26 and December 2 , 1824 , as part of the 1824 United States presidential election . Voters chose eight representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . During this election , the Democratic-Republican Party was the only major national party , and four different candidates from this party sought the Presidency . New Jersey voted for Andrew Jackson over John Quincy Adams , William H. Crawford , and Henry Clay . Jackson won New Jersey by a margin of 10.19 % .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3154c0c2849bf38116496fe50a242019	Snoop Dogg coaches a youth football league.	[ { "docid": "2ab31f920ee50be90ba28c612fe51676", "text": "Snoop Dogg Cordozar Calvin Broadus , Jr. ( born October 20 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Snoop Dogg ( sometimes shortened to Snoop and formerly called Snoop Doggy Dogg and Snoop Lion ) , is an American rapper and actor from Long Beach , California . His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre of N.W.A , and as a result was prominently featured throughout Dr. Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic ( 1992 ) . He has since sold over twenty-three million albums in the United States and thirty-five million albums worldwide . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts . Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' and `` Gin & Juice '' . In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on both charts with `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , as the lead single . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums . Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told ( 1998 ) , No Limit Top Dogg ( 1999 ) , and Tha Last Meal ( 2000 ) . Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss . He then signed with Geffen Records in 2004 for his next three albums R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece , Tha Blue Carpet Treatment , and Ego Trippin ' . Malice 'n Wonderland ( 2009 ) , and Doggumentary ( 2011 ) , were released on Priority . Snoop Dogg has starred in motion pictures and hosted several television shows , including Doggy Fizzle Televizzle , Snoop Dogg 's Father Hood , and Dogg After Dark . He also coaches a youth football league and high school football team . In September 2009 , Snoop was hired by EMI as the chairman of a reactivated Priority Records . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated , and a documentary film of the same name , of his Jamaican experience , in early 2013 . His fourteenth solo studio album , Coolaid , was released in July 2016 . Snoop Dogg holds the dubious distinction of having seventeen Grammy nominations without a win . In March 2016 , the night before WrestleMania 32 in Arlington , Texas , Snoop was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame having made several appearances for the company , including as Master of Ceremonies during a match at Wrestlemania XXIV .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "dd313d60fffa80de520851e952aa121d", "text": "AFL Coaches Association The AFL Coaches Association ( AFLCA ) is the representative body for Australian Football League coaches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3768b23f3608a708858eb8c14105c516", "text": "Bobby Collins (American football coach) Thurmon L. `` Bobby '' Collins ( born October 25 , 1933 ) is a former American football coach . He served as head coach at the University of Southern Mississippi and Southern Methodist University . While at SMU , Collins saw the school 's football program brought down by severe NCAA sanctions that led to the `` death penalty '' being applied to the program , including the cancellation of the entire 1987 season and being limited to only seven road games in 1988 . However , the school opted to sit out the 1988 season as well after virtually all of the team 's experienced players went elsewhere . From 1975 to 1981 , Collins coached at Southern Miss , and compiled a 48 -- 30 -- 2 record . In 1982 , he was hired by SMU , signing a five-year deal with more than $ 100,000 annual salary . While at SMU , Collins compiled a 43 -- 14 -- 1 record . His only losing season as a coach came in 1976 , when he went 3 -- 8 at Southern MIss. . From 1982 to 1984 , he put together the best stretch in SMU 's history , going 31 -- 4 -- 1 . After the season , Collins , athletic director Bob Hitch and recruiting coordinator Henry Lee Parker were interviewed by WFAA-TV 's Dale Hansen regarding allegations that players were being paid . Collins denied any knowledge of the affair . It later emerged that Collins knew that players were being paid , though he did n't know who they were . Collins resigned shortly after WFAA aired a special report breaking the scandal , and was later given $ 850,000 in severance pay in return for keeping quiet about the payments . Collins was not sanctioned by the NCAA for any role in the events leading up to the `` death penalty '' , though the final report criticized him for not providing a convincing explanation for why players were still being paid after the school assured the NCAA that the payments had stopped . Nonetheless , his reputation was ruined . While he was a finalist for the open head coach 's job at Mississippi State in 1990 ( which eventually went to Jackie Sherrill ) , he has never returned to the collegiate ranks in any capacity since leaving SMU .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a463ff634c3b27a1452202b8f98b1565", "text": "Sean McDermott Sean McDermott ( born March 21 , 1974 ) is an American football coach who is the head coach of the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League ( NFL ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c721c5e40d2883bc018d08fdaed4b226", "text": "Pete Carroll Peter Clay `` Pete '' Carroll ( born September 15 , 1951 ) is an American football coach who is the head coach and executive vice president of the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He is a former head coach of the New York Jets , New England Patriots , and the USC Trojans of the University of Southern California ( USC ) . Carroll is one of only three football coaches who have won both a Super Bowl and a college football national championship . Carroll is the oldest head coach currently working in the NFL .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7af7fad31f47e6b9df257a6dd2b92c8", "text": "USA Football USA Football is the national governing body for amateur American football in the United States . It is an independent non-profit based in Indianapolis , Indiana . USA Football hosts more than 100 training events annually and offers education programs for coaches and game officials , as well as skill development for young players and resources for youth league administrators . The organization awards more than $ 1,000,000 in equipment grants to youth leagues and high schools each year based on merit and need along with additional resources . USA Football also offers up to $ 500,000 in subsidies for volunteer youth coach background checks . USA Football was endowed by the National Football League and the National Football League Players Association in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7d35d02466ea7df6d5e356bc8870ff6", "text": "History of African Americans in the Canadian Football League African Americans have played prominent roles in the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) and its precursors since 1946 . In many cases black Americans have been able to pursue professional football opportunities in the CFL that were for one reason or another unavailable in the United States . Especially in the mid-20th century , many African American players came to Canada to avoid the racially charged atmosphere of segregation-era America . For many years , blacks were better represented in the CFL than they were in the National Football League ( NFL ) , and achieved a number of `` firsts '' in the CFL years before the same was accomplished in the NFL . More recently , the CFL has provided opportunities for black , as well as other , Americans unable to break into the NFL .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8e9341f1b4aa1d655e0b53368044b62", "text": "ESPN Sunday Night Football ESPN Sunday Night Football was the ESPN cable network 's weekly television broadcasts of Sunday evening National Football League ( NFL ) games . The first ESPN Sunday night broadcast occurred on November 8 , 1987 , while the last one aired on January 1 , 2006 . Former NFL Commissioner ( 1989 -- 2005 ) Paul Tagliabue credits ESPN with raising the `` profile '' of the league , by turning `` a potential six - or seven-hour television experience into a twelve-hour television experience , '' factoring in both Sunday Night Football and the network 's pregame show Sunday NFL Countdown '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a368f6ed743e2a057b7833ccfb759938", "text": "2014 Senior Bowl The 2014 Senior Bowl was an all-star college football exhibition game featured players from the 2013 college football season , and prospects for the 2014 Draft of the professional National Football League ( NFL ) . The game concluded the post-season that began on December 21 , 2013 . It was sponsored by Reese 's Peanut Butter Cups and is officially known as the Reese 's Senior Bowl . The game was played on January 25 , 2014 at 3:00 p.m. CST , at Ladd Peebles Stadium in Mobile , Alabama between `` North '' and `` South '' teams , with the South team winning the game 20-10 . Mike Smith of the Atlanta Falcons and Gus Bradley of the Jacksonville Jaguars served as the North and South head coaches , respectively . Coverage of the event was provided on the NFL Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ce9062a4c9b0b78409c391f91c8cc5", "text": "History of American football The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football . Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century , in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line , which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games . American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football , most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp , a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the `` Father of American Football '' . Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage , of down-and-distance rules and of the legalization of interference . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems , Amos Alonzo Stagg , Parke H. Davis , Knute Rockne , and Glenn `` Pop '' Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass . The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century . Bowl games , a college football tradition , attracted a national audience for college teams . Boosted by fierce rivalries and colorful traditions , college football still holds widespread appeal in the United States . The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892 , with William `` Pudge '' Heffelfinger 's $ 500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club . In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed . This league changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) two years later , and eventually became the major league of American football . Primarily a sport of Midwestern industrial towns in the United States , professional football eventually became a national phenomenon . The modern era of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game , which was the first American football game to feature hash marks , the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage , the first indoor game since 1902 , and the movement of the goal posts back to goal line . Other innovations to occur immediately after 1932 , were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934 , the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934 , the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935 , the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939 . Another important event was the American football game at the 1932 Summer Olympics , which combined with a similar demonstration game at 1933 World 's Fair , led to the first College All-Star Game in 1934 , which in turn was an important factor in the growth of professional football in the United States . American football 's explosion in popularity during the second half of the 20th century can be traced to the 1958 NFL Championship Game , a contest that has been dubbed the `` Greatest Game Ever Played '' . A rival league to the NFL , the American Football League ( AFL ) , began play in 1960 ; the pressure it put on the senior league led to a merger between the two leagues and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most watched television event in the United States on an annual basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef0940d810b4cc819938c9c07c43fb07", "text": "2015 Pro Bowl The 2015 Pro Bowl was the National Football League 's all-star game for the 2014 season . It began at 6 pm local time on January 25 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale , Arizona , and it was the first Pro Bowl to be held outside of Hawaii since 2010The game was televised nationally by ESPN . The game continued the `` unconferenced '' format that was debuted in the 2014 Pro Bowl . The game was the third Pro Bowl that took place in the same site as that year 's Super Bowl . It was also the sixth consecutive year where the Pro Bowl took place prior to the Super Bowl . Hall of Fame wide receivers Cris Carter and Michael Irvin were selected as the alumni captains of the game . Jason Garrett of the Dallas Cowboys and John Harbaugh of the Baltimore Ravens were the game 's coaches . The coaches were to come from the higher seeded teams in each conference to lose in the Divisional Round of the 2014 -- 15 NFL playoffs , which has been the convention since the 2010 Pro Bowl . However , the Denver Broncos ( the highest seeded Divisional Round loser in the AFC ) and head coach John Fox mutually agreed to part ways following their playoff loss , so Harbaugh ( who coached the Ravens , the other Divisional Round loser from the AFC ) was selected instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9119d80bbf8a0d6a28a46504f4d4a553", "text": "Watson Brown Lester Watson Brown ( born April 19 , 1950 ) is a retired American football coach and former player . He was most recently the head football coach at Tennessee Technological University , a position he held from 2007 to 2015 . Previously , Brown served as the head coach at Austin Peay State University ( 1979 -- 1980 ) , the University of Cincinnati ( 1983 ) , Rice University ( 1984 -- 1985 ) , Vanderbilt University ( 1986 -- 1990 ) , and the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( 1995 -- 2006 ) . He was also the athletic director at Rice from 1984 to 1985 and at UAB from 2002 to 2005 . Brown played college football as a quarterback at Vanderbilt . He is the older brother of Mack Brown , the former head football coach at the University of Texas at Austin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61d809dac15c3ccf97f4a55d48dc0ac5", "text": "Bob Leahy Robert V. Leahy ( born September 5 , 1946 ) is an American former football player and coach who has more than 35 years of coaching experience at the collegiate and professional levels . During his career , he served as the offensive coordinator at Washington State University , the University of Pittsburgh , Oklahoma State University , Liberty University , the University of Louisiana -- Monroe and Grambling State University . Leahy played college football as a quarterback at Emporia State University during the late 1960s and thereafter spent two seasons with the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League ( NFL ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "444dba50a76fa47dfc53342f8042c102", "text": "Canadian Football League The Canadian Football League ( CFL ; -LSB- Ligue canadienne de football , links = no -RSB- , LCF ) is a professional sports league in Canada . The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football . Its nine teams , which are located in nine separate cities , are divided into two divisions : the East Division , with four teams , and the West Division with five teams . As of 2016 , the league features a 20-week regular season , which traditionally runs from late June to early November ; each team plays 18 games with at least two bye weeks . Following the regular season , six teams compete in the league 's three-week divisional playoffs , which culminate in the Grey Cup championship game in late November , one of the country 's largest annual sports and television events . The CFL was officially founded on January 19 , 1958 . The league was formed from a merger between the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union founded in 1907 and the Western Interprovincial Football Union founded in 1936 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e1d95089d21ed057c3c84adf65d5357", "text": "Wayne Peace Wayne Lamar Peace , Jr. ( born November 3 , 1961 ) is an American former college and professional football quarterback and current high school football coach in Lakeland , Florida . He was born in Lakeland , Florida , and attended Lakeland High School , where he was an all-state football and basketball player . He was recruited by several top college programs and chose to accept a scholarship to play for coach Charley Pell at the University of Florida . Peace became the Gators ' starting quarterback just five games into his freshman season of 1980 when a knee injury to starter Bob Hewko propelled the rookie into the lineup , and he performed well enough to keep the starting job for most of the next three and a half seasons . Over his career at Florida , Peace lead the Gators to a 28-12-1 record , four bowl games , and their first ever top-10 ranking in the final AP Poll ( No. 6 in 1983 ) . He set several individual records as well ; his career completion percentage ( 61.6 % ) was a school record and his 7,206 passing yards were second in school history when he graduated . During his junior season in 1982 , Peace set an NCAA record for completion percentage ( 70.7 % ) which was broken by Steve Young the following year . In one of a series of articles written for The Gainesville Sun in 2006 , the Sun sportswriters ranked him as No. 81 all-time greatest Gator of the first 100 years of Florida football . He was later inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a `` Gator Great . '' In the spring of 1984 , Peace signed with the Tampa Bay Bandits of the United States Football League ( USFL ) , who were coached by former Florida quarterback Steve Spurrier . Peace played in several games , sharing time under center with another Florida alumnus , John Reaves . After the league folded , Peace was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the first round of the 1984 NFL Supplemental Draft of USFL and CFL Players , the second USFL quarterback picked after Steve Young . However , he was waived during preseason camp in August 1985 . Peace tried out for several other National Football League ( NFL ) teams over the next two seasons , signing briefly with the Miami Dolphins and playing in preseason games with the San Diego Chargers , but he did not make a regular season roster and decided to retire from football in late 1986 . Peace graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor 's degree in marketing in 1986 . In February 1987 , he founded a State Farm insurance agency in his hometown of Lakeland . In 2006 , while continuing to run his insurance agency , Peace became the quarterbacks coach for the high school team at Lakeland Christian School . In January 2011 , he was named head football coach at the school , and has led his team to 6-5 and 7-3 records in his first two seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5512778cbc43eee3aa98cd41168d9c01", "text": "Jim Martin (American football) James Richard `` Jungle Jim '' Martin ( April 8 , 1924 -- October 9 , 2002 ) was an American football guard , linebacker and placekicker who played fourteen seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) in the 1950s and 1960s , mainly for the Detroit Lions . He was selected to the Pro Bowl , the NFL 's all-star game , after the 1961 season , and went on to be an assistant coach after his playing career . He was an All-American at the University of Notre Dame and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1995 . Martin was a star athlete at his high school in Cleveland , Ohio . He joined the United States Marine Corps after graduating , and served in the Pacific War until it ended in 1945 . He then enrolled at Notre Dame , where he was part of a teams that won the college football national championship in 1946 , 1947 and 1949 under head coach Frank Leahy . Martin was named a first-team All-American in 1949 by several news organizations . The NFL 's Cleveland Browns selected Martin in the 1950 draft , and he played there for one season during which the team won the NFL championship . Browns head coach Paul Brown traded him to the Detroit Lions , where he played between 1951 and 1961 , at first as a guard and later as a linebacker and placekicker . The Lions won NFL championships in 1952 , 1953 and 1957 , all three of them victories over the Browns . After spending a year as an assistant coach for the Denver Broncos , an American Football League team , Martin returned to playing in 1963 for the Baltimore Colts , and played for a final year in 1964 for the Washington Redskins . When he left the Lions , Martin was the team 's all-time leading field goal kicker ; he also became the first NFL player to kick two field goals of more than 50 yards in a single game in 1960 . Martin was an assistant high school coach in California and at Idaho State University before taking a job as an assistant with the Lions between 1967 and 1972 . He also coached in the World Football League in the mid-1970s . Martin later worked as a court officer in Michigan . He was inducted into the Greater Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame in 1976 and into the college hall of fame in 1995 . He died in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5f7fbbe3eb275cbec07f0f50f95abd3", "text": "London Youth (Federation of London Youth Clubs) London Youth is a network of diverse community youth organisations and projects serving young people of all backgrounds right across the capital . London Youth supports the contribution of community-based youth clubs and youth workers , providing them with information , advice and a wide range of accredited training . The organisation grew from the ragged schools movement of the 19th century . During the twentieth century there were two separate charities , The Federation of Boys ' Clubs and The Union of Youth Clubs ( for girls ) , which partially grew out of the Soho Club for Working Girls based at 20 Frith Street , Soho . In 1999 these two organisations joined to create The Federation of London Youth Clubs though the organisation prefers to be called London Youth . It works directly with young people to create `` eye-catching and innovative '' new opportunities in partnership with youth clubs and at its outdoor activity and training centres . It also advocates on behalf of its members so that the daily experience of on-the-ground practitioners informs the thinking of policy makers and funders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55b7ba6de2efd9becc92311bcd43a839", "text": "Bud Grant Harry Peter `` Bud '' Grant , Jr. ( born May 20 , 1927 ) is a former coach and player of American football and Canadian football . Grant served as the head coach of the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League ( NFL ) for eighteen seasons ; he was the team 's second ( 1967 -- 83 ) and fourth ( 1985 ) head coach . Before coaching the Vikings , he was the head coach of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) for ten seasons , winning the Grey Cup four times . Grant is the most successful coach in Vikings history , and the third most successful professional football coach overall ( behind Don Shula and George Halas ) , with a combined 290 wins in the NFL and CFL . Grant was elected to the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1983 and to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1994 . He was the first coach in the history of professional football to guide teams to the Grey Cup finals and the Super Bowl . Grant attended the University of Minnesota and was a three-sport athlete , in football , basketball , and baseball . After college , he played for the Minneapolis Lakers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , the Philadelphia Eagles of the NFL , and the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the CFL . On October 23 , 2014 , a statue of Grant was unveiled in front of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers ' new stadium , Investors Group Field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44b87290a9efa71c876a7c6db8ab03ad", "text": "National Football League regular season The National Football League ( NFL ) regular season begins the weekend after Labor Day in early September and ends in December or early January . It consists of 256 games , where each team ( 32 total ) plays 16 games during a 17-week period . Since 2012 , the NFL schedule generally has games in one of five time slots during the week . A game played on Thursday night , kicking off at 8:25 PM ( ET ) . The majority of games are played on Sunday , most kicking off at 1:00 PM ( ET ) , some late afternoon games starting at 4:05 or 4:25 PM ( ET ) . Additionally , one Sunday night game is played every week at 8:30 PM ( ET ) . One Monday night game then starts at 8:30 PM ( ET ) every week with the exception of the first week of the regular season , in which two Monday night games are played back-to-back ( the second game always occurring on the West coast ) , as well as the last week of the season , in which no Monday night game is held . In addition to these regularly scheduled games , there are occasionally games at other times , such as a Saturday afternoon or evening , or the annual Thanksgiving Day games in which three games are played . During the final week of the regular season , all games are held on Sunday . In place since 2006 , the current broadcasting contract establishes broadcast partners for each game . The Sunday afternoon games are broadcast either on CBS or Fox . CBS has the broadcast rights for teams in the American Football Conference while Fox has the rights for teams in the National Football Conference . In games where teams from both conferences play each other , the network with the broadcast rights for the `` away '' team will broadcast the game . In each local television market , three Sunday afternoon games are played . One of the two networks gets a doubleheader , while the other network has the right to broadcast a single game ; the networks alternate weeks when each has the right to the doubleheader . Doubleheader games are broadcast at 1:00 ( ET ) and 4:25 PM ( ET ) . The network with the single game will have an official kick-off time at either 1:00 PM ( ET ) or 4:05 PM ( ET ) . In addition to the regular Sunday afternoon games , there are three prime time games each week . The Thursday night game is broadcast by the NFL Network ( with , starting in 2016 , five of those Thursday games also being simulcast by CBS and another five on NBC ) . The Sunday night game is broadcast by NBC , while the Monday night game is broadcast by ESPN . The NFL uses a strict scheduling algorithm to determine which teams play each other from year to year , based on the current division alignments and the final division standings from the previous season . The current formula has been in place since 2002 , the last year that the NFL expanded its membership . Generally , each team plays the other three teams in its own division twice , all four teams from a single division in the AFC once , all four teams from a single division in the NFC once , and two additional intraconference games based on the standings from the previous season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "760df1413aa01e20028fb9997fbb5d43", "text": "1969 Oakland Raiders season The 1969 Oakland Raiders season was the team 's tenth as a franchise , and tenth in both Oakland and the American Football League . The campaign saw the team attempt to improve upon its 12 -- 2 record from 1968 . The season is notable for being the Raiders ' last in the AFL ( they would , along with all the other AFL teams , join the NFL in 1970 ) . The Raiders stormed to a 12 -- 1 -- 1 record in 1969 . They led the league in wins for a third consecutive season ; in doing so , they posted a staggering 37 -- 4 -- 1 record over their final three years of AFL play . The season would end with an upset loss to the eventual Super Bowl champion Kansas City Chiefs in the 1969 AFL Championship Game . Additionally , the season marked the debut of Hall-of-Fame head coach John Madden . Madden would lead the Raiders to seven division titles , seven AFL/AFC Championship Games , and a Super Bowl championship before leaving in 1978 . He would post a 112 -- 39 -- 7 regular season record over this span .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "479280f5a25c9b53d3677a3966dcb19e", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Snoop Dogg The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American rapper Snoop Dogg .", "title": "" } ]	fever

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