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79355472
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARS1
|
CARS1
|
Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1 is an enzyme (EC 6.1.1.16) that in humans is encoded by the CARS1 gene. It is an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase that attaches the cysteine amino acid onto its corresponding transfer RNA (tRNA). Cysteinyl tRNA in turn is used by the ribosome to transfer cysteine onto a growing peptide chain during protein synthesis, according to the genetic code.
Clinical significance
Trichothiodystrophy
Bi-allelic Mutations in CARS1 have been identified to cause non-photosensitive form of the trichothiodystrophy (TTD-NPS), Which is characterized by neurodevelopmental problems, Sulfur-deficient brittle hair, nails, and ichtiyosis and growth retardation. Unlike photosensetive trichothiodystrophy, In contrast to the photosensitive version of TTD (PS-TTD), which has the characteristics of progressive neuropathy and accelerated aging, NPS-TTD is not linked with premature aging.
According to one study, individuals who present with bi-allelic CARS LoF variants are unique in presenting with a brittle-hair-and-nail phenotype, which could linked the high cysteine content in human keratins.
References
EC 6.1.1
Protein biosynthesis
|
79355474
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chase%20Hunter
|
Chase Hunter
|
Chase Hunter (born April 8, 2001) is an American college basketball player for the Clemson Tigers of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
Career
Hunter attended Westlake High School in South Fulton, Georgia. Following his high school career, he committed to play college basketball at Clemson University over offers from Georgia, Michigan State, Oklahoma, and Virginia. Hunter began his college career dealing with injuries. Hunter began to have a breakout year as a redshirt junior, totaling 23 points and seven assists in the 2022–23 season opener. He finished the season averaging 13.8 points per game, doubling his scoring average from the previous season. The following season, he averaged 12.9 points, 3.2 assists, and 2.6 rebounds per game. During the 2024 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, Hunter averaged 17.8 points, 5.8 assists, 4.3 rebounds and two steals across four games, helping lead the Tigers to an Elite Eight appearance. At the conclusion of the 2023–24 season, he entered his name into the NBA draft while retaining his eligibility, eventually electing to return to Clemson for a sixth and final season. In his final season at Clemson, Hunter emerged as the team's leading scorer.
Career statistics
College
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2019–20
| style="text-align:left;"| Clemson
| 9 || 4 || 19.3 || .378 || .304 || .636 || 1.0 || 1.6 || .8 || .0 || 5.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2020–21
| style="text-align:left;"| Clemson
| 24 || 4 || 14.1 || .311 || .143 || .667 || 1.2 || .9 || .4 || .1 || 2.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2021–22
| style="text-align:left;"| Clemson
| 33 || 15 || 22.7 || .451 || .345 || .750 || 2.7 || 1.8 || .5 || .2 || 6.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2022–23
| style="text-align:left;"| Clemson
| 31 || 31 || 32.1 || .410 || .356 || .813 || 3.0 || 4.5 || .5 || .3 || 13.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2023–24
| style="text-align:left;"| Clemson
| 36 || 36 || 32.8 || .424 || .311 || .850 || 2.6 || 3.2 || .7 || .3 || 12.9
|-
References
External links
Clemson Tigers bio
2001 births
Living people
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Atlanta
Clemson Tigers men's basketball players
Shooting guards
21st-century American sportsmen
|
79355500
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Jawornik%20Ruski
|
Battle of Jawornik Ruski
|
The Battle of Jawornik Ruski took place between the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) and Polish People's Army during anti-insurgent operation of 28th Infantry Regiment. On 24 July, 1946.
Prelude
On 23 July, 1946, Polish forces stationed in Bircza received a report about large UPA force in Jawornik Ruski. Wygnański led his 200-strong detachment from Przemyśl, which were then joined by additional 80 troops from Babice, then crossed the San River. UPA withdrew to the forest and Polish troops occupied Jawornik Ruski. According to the captured insurgent, there was around 700 insurgents north of Yavornik Ruski.
Battle
On 24 July, 28th Infantry Regiment begun operations in the forest near Jawornik Ruski. The goal was to liquidate UPA units that withdrew to the forest. Only outposts remained in Jawornik Ruski itself. UPA and Polish troops fought 6 clashes in the forest. At around 2 PM, insurgents attacked Jawornik Ruski where Polish forces were stationed. Heavy fighting took place between Polish troops and Ukrainian insurgents. Undaryk-6 unit attacked from the right side of Zohatyn, while Undaryk-4 would strike on the same side from Rybne. Undaryk-2 attacked from direction of the settlement. As a result, Polish troops stationed in the settlement were caught by surprise and forced to retreat. Polish forces suffered heavy losses and 14 soldiers of 28th Infantry Regiment were encircled by insurgents. 13 soldiers voluntarily surrendered, with total of 14 soldiers getting into captivity. Volodymyr Szczygielski transferred these captives to Mykhailo Duda. UPA commander Duda ordered to execute the captives. Polish losses were 18 killed, 17 wounded and 14 executed.
Aftermath
For a long time the 14 executed Polish troops were presumed missing. In 2015, remains of 14 executed captives were discovered, who were determined to have been executed by shooting and thrown into the ditch. On 18 July, 2016, their remains were extracted. 7 of the them were identified, among whom were Lt. Tadeusz Wienc. Examinations also shown signs of torture before execution. Both of the UPA commanders Volodymyr Szczygielski and Mykhailo Duda were identified as perpetrators of this crime. On 29 July, 2022, the executed were given ceremonial burial.
References
Ukrainian Insurgent Army
1946 in Poland
July 1946 in Europe
History of Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Zakerzonia
Aftermath of World War II in Poland
Battles of the Polish–Ukrainian conflict
Massacres in Poland
20th-century mass murder in Poland
War crimes committed by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army
|
79355519
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugui%C3%A8res%20modularity%20theorem
|
Bruguières modularity theorem
|
In mathematics, the Bruguières modularity theorem is a theorem about modular tensor categories. It asserts that two different formulations of the modularity condition of a modular tensor category are equivalent. The Bruguières modularity theorem was introduced by mathematician Alain Bruguières in the year 2000. The first notion of modularity used in the theorem statement is in terms of the non-degeneracy of the braid statistics of the simple objects, and the other is in terms of the non-degeneracy of the modular S-matrix. Historically, the non-degeneracy condition for modular tensor categories was originally stated in terms of the invertibility of the -matrix. Nowadays, it is common to define modular category in terms of the non-degeneracy of its braiding statistics, especially in the condensed matter physics literature.
Statement
The Bruguières modularity theorem is stated in terms of pre-modular tensor categories, a notion introduced by Bruguières in the same paper in which he proved the modularity theorem. A category is called pre-modular if it is equipped with all of the structures of a modular tensor category, and satisfies all of the axioms except possibly for non-degeneracy. Bruguières' modularity theorem asserts that a pre-modular tensor category has non-degenerate braiding if and only if its modular S-matrix is invertible.
Intuition
Let denote a pre-modular tensor category. One direction of the Bruguières modularity theorem is straightforward - if the braiding is degenerate, then there will be a simple object which braids trivially with all the other simple objects, and so the column of the modular -matrix corresponding to the simple object will be proportional to the column of the modular -matrix associated to the tensor unit . Thus, the -matrix will be degenerate. The content of the theorem is that if the braiding is non-degenerate, then the modular -matrix will be invertible.
If modular tensor categories are defined in terms of the non-degeneracy of their braiding, then the Bruguières modularity theorem is a necessary ingredient for the existence of the modular group representation. In the modular group representation the -matrix is the image, up to scaling, of one of the generators of . As such, for the modular group representation to be a valid representation it is necessary for the -matrix to be invertible.
References
Category theory
Representation theory
Topological quantum mechanics
|
79355520
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska%27s%202nd%20House%20of%20Representatives%20district
|
Alaska's 2nd House of Representatives district
|
Alaska's 2nd House of Representatives district is one of the 40 districts of the Alaska House of Representatives and was created in statehood in 1959. It is currently represented by Rebecca Himschoot. Following redistricting in 2013, the district is currently composed the cities of Sitka, Petersburg, and Yakutat and has a population of 18,402.
Results from statewide races
List of members
Non-Lettered districts (1959-1983)
Multi-member districts (1983–1993)
Single-member districts (1993–present)
Recent election results
References
Alaska House of Representatives districts
|
79355582
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Jackson%20and%20land%20speculation%20in%20the%20United%20States
|
Andrew Jackson and land speculation in the United States
|
Andrew Jackson, who became the seventh U.S. president in 1828, was personally involved in land speculation in Tennessee and Alabama. His military expeditions and presidential policies led to the dispossession and expulsion of Indigenous people from the southeastern United States, which in some cases benefitted land speculators.
Personal speculations
According to biographer Robert V. Remini, Jackson's engagement with real estate investment started early in his life and continued "almost to the moment of his death," although historians have no clear insight into how profitable it was for him or even the full extent of his involvement.
His most momentous early speculation was a partnership with a North Carolinian named David Allison, which failed, leaving Jackson with years of substantial debts. Decades after the fact, a frustrated third party to the deal, Andrew Erwin, became a leading opponent of Jackson's 1828 presidential run.
Jackson was a partner with John Overton in developing what was called the Fourth Chickasaw Bluff and laying out a town called Memphis, Tennessee. He sold his most of his stake to James Winchester and John Christmas McLemore, and sold his remaining 1/8th interest in 1823, in anticipation of his first presidential run. Another investment was the Cypress Land Company development of the town of Florence, Alabama in partnership with John Coffee and James Jackson. According to the American Guide to Alabama published by the Federal Writers' Project in 1941, Jackson was also involved in a laying out a place called York's Bluff near what is now Sheffield: "Andrew Jackson and his 'right hand,' John Coffee, with time heavy on their hands after the defeat of the Creek Confederacy and the British at New Orleans, started the speculative history of the town in 1816 by buying much of the land here. In 1820 General Coffee surveyed and promoted a town called York Bluff. A few houses were built, but the place was soon abandoned in favor of Tuscumbia."
Public policies
Indigeous people who signed removal treaties with Jackson's government found themselves subject to the depredations of land speculators, as dying animals exposed to vultures lying in wait. Creek people legally dispossessed but not yet expelled from their lands found themselves inundated with "speculators who rushed to possess native farms before the hearths had cooled and who preyed on starving families during their final desperate months in the South."
References
See also
Salt Lick Reservation controversy
Andrew Jackson and the slave trade in the United States
Sources
Land speculation in the United States
Andrew Jackson
|
79355594
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezero%2C%20Karlovac%20County
|
Jezero, Karlovac County
|
Jezero is a village in the municipality of Plaški, in the Lika region of Croatia.
History
On 10 April 1941 when the Wehrmacht entered Zagreb, a Royal Yugoslav Army column was retreating through Jezero from Plaški on their way to Bihać. The Yugoslav Army had to leave a truck full of ammunition, which the local villagers then took for their own defense. Among those was Nikola Dokmanović, who was later killed by the Ustaše because of that truck.
Demographics
References
Populated places in Karlovac County
History of the Serbs of Croatia
Serb communities in Croatia
|
79355600
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny%20Briolly
|
Benny Briolly
|
Benny Briolly (born 29 October 1991) is a Brazilian politician and political activist. In 2020, she became the first transgender councilwoman of the city of Niterói, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, being the fifth most voted for candidate for the municipal chamber that year. She is a member of the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL).
After she was elected, Briolly began to suffer gendered political violence and was the target of threats, which led to her leaving the country. Upon her return, she was included in the Protection Program for the Defenders of Human Rights by the Brazilian government, being the first included in the program. In July 2022, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights recommended that the Brazilian government adopt more forceful measures to protect the councilwoman's wellbeing, as she has been a constant victim of death threats.
During the 2024 Brazilian municipal elections, she was reelected, assuming her second mandate as a councilwoman in Niterói.
Biography
Briolly was born on 29 October 1991, and was born and raised in Niterói. She resided in the Favela da Palemira in the Fonseca neighborhood until she was twenty years old. She graduated with a degree in fashion and also studied journalism. As of 2020, she lives in Morro da Penha, located in the neighborhood of Ponta d'Areia.
In 2004, at 13, she began working in commerce, where she experienced racism and anti-LGBT sentiments.
Briolly began her political career in 2013, when she became a member of PSOL. In 2016, she went on to become an advisor to former councilwoman Talíria Petrone, whom Briolly met in 2009, and with whom they later participated together in the 2013 nationwide protests. At that time, she was the first transgender woman to be a parliamentary advisor at the Municipal Chamber of Niterói.
One of her main motivations to become engaged in politics was the loss of her mother when she was 15 years old. During an interview, she mentions that she became sick due to cancer, but did not receive treatment at a hospital in time. These experiences led her to question the system that they live in.
While raised in an evangelical family, Briolly is a follower of umbanda and a devotee to Maria Mulambo.
In 2023, she was crowned the rainha de bateria with the Niterói-based samba school Souza Soares. The crowning occurred on Briolly's birthday and coincided with the 60th anniversary celebrations for the school.
That same year, she took part in the LGBTQIA+ Political Leadership conference held in Mexico, while being the first transgender parliamentarian from the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Councilwoman of Niterói
Prelude
Before the 2020 elections, analysts predicted that, if elected, Briolly would actively confront Douglas Gomes (PTC) in the municipal chamber, as she was considered the successor to Petrone and Gomes had been supported by Carlos Jordy. Both Petrone and Jordy were later elected federal deputies and had, beforehand, various confrontations at the municipal chamber.
Election and areas of work
Briolly was the most voted for female candidate in the Municipal Chamber Niterói, earning fifth place with a total of 4,367 votes.
One of her key proposals was the concession of a fiscal exemption for businesses that hire transgender people. She has declared that one of her principal ethos of her political career would be rights to the city, education, health, housing, and social assistance, with her main emphasis towards Black people, LGBT people, and women. Moreover, she seeks to promote policies that strengthen freedom of religion.
In January 2023, she took part in the Ato pela Visibilidade Trans e Travesti protest in front of the Municipal Chamber in Cinelândia.
While president of the Human Rights of Children, Adolescents, and Women Commission, Briolly recorded a request of information, in March 2023, requesting clarifications from the municipality and the Secretary of Social Assistance and Economic Solidarity as to why families in Niterói were not able to access benefits from the Moeda Arariboia program. She had already been approached by 200 families.
In July 2023, while president of the aforementioned commission, she created the Encontro de Terreiros de Umbanda, which took place at the Clube de Regatas do Gragoatá. The objective of the event was to promote debates about the role of religion in society and to combat intolerance.
In August 2023, in the context of the campaign of Agosto Lilás, Briolly organized Raízes que nos Sustentam in Niterói.
On 19 September 2023, a session of the municipal chamber had been interrupted by a group criticizing Briolly's clothes as being "very short" and incompatible with the chamber. As other council members had also not been dressed in formal wear, she interpreted this as an attempt at provocation, generating considerable debate.
Attacks and threats
Since beginning her first electoral campaign in 2020, Briolly has received various death threats and suffered gendered violence. Soon after her election, she received a threatening email, whose authorship was attributed to the same sender as those who were responsible for the assassination of Marielle Franco, threatening that she would be assassinated if she were not to renounce her seat.
Due to these constant threats, Briolly left the country on 13 May 2021. On various occasions, Briolly's advisor would declare that she had suffered aggressions on the street and online, conjecturing that it had threatened her physical wellbeing. On the 18th of that month, the Public Prosecutor's Office (MPF) ordered the adoption of "urgent measures" to protect the councilwoman.
Briolly would return to Brazil on 28 May 2021, after having been included in the Protection Program for Defenders of Human Rights, in the wake of the solicitation of urgent protective measures led by the Public Electoral Ministry, given the situation being confronted. Reporting from Fantástico revealed that the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State refused to guarantee her safety.
Just in 2021 alone, Briolly had received 20 threats. On 23 December 2021, she received new death threats via email, being the largest amount of threats she had received in a week. On 8 March 2022, on International Women's Day, she once again received new threats with racist and transphobic themes. These threats also included the line "sleep with open eyes". In April 2023, Briolly said that, since December 2021, she received more than 30 threats, "with deeply racist and transphobic offenses".
Religious racism by Douglas Gomes
In December 2021, Briolly called out fellow councilman Douglas Gomes, who was then affiliated with the PTC, for religious racism for his actions while attending an event with children at a public school located in the Quilombo Urbano Xica Manicongo. While there, Gomes questioned if the children had been authorized by their parents to attend what he erroneously called a "terreiro".
Briolly's advisor explained that the visit consisted of an excursion with the students of the Núcleo Avançado de Educação Infantil Angela Fernandes, whose objective was the implementation of the Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous History and Culture Law, that made it obligatory to teach the history and cultures of Africa in public and private schools throughout the country. He declared even further that the children had even gone to the place to meat the artist Lia de Itamaracá, whose importance had already been discussed in the classroom.
Threats made by Rodrigo Amorim
On 20 May 2022, Briolly filled out a report with the crime board of the Delegation of Racial Crimes and Crimes of Intolerance (Decradi) for transphobia and racism against Rodrigo Amorim (PSC), who was then a state deputy in the Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro (ALERJ). Three days before, Amorim had insulted Briolly in the assembly hall, referring to her as the "councilor man of", "boizebú" and a "freak of nature". In July 2022, the Public Ministry denounced Amorim for gendered political violence due to the case, and he became the defendant in a suit in August.
In June 2022, Briolly denounced Amorim for having received threats through his email. In an official note after the publication of the threats, the deputy referred to Briolly with the masculine name "Bênio" and denied the authorship of the messages. On the 28th, the police announced that they did not find proof that the threat came from Amorim's email. In June 2023, the investigation against Briolly, initiated by Amorim, for electoral impropriety due to a video published by Briolly attributing the threats in the email to him, was concluded to be unfounded. According to the investigation, though the email was not sent by Amorim, there was no disinformation, and that the authorship of the email still had not been determined.
Clashes and conviction of Gomes for gendered political violence
In 2022, Gomes was sentenced to a year and 7 months in prison after making transphobic attacks against Briolly. Due to this, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights charged for more effective measures by the Brazilian authorities for Briolly's protection.
In 2023, Gomes returned to become involved in discussions with Briolly, alleging that a proposed law by Briolly that sought to "provide integral healthcare to the LGBTQIA+ population" would allow for "biological men in women's restrooms at hospitals in Niterói". Gomes is known for his proposals that sought to prohibit access for transgender women to women's restrooms.
Afterwards, Gomes uploaded a video to social media where he condemns another proposal linked to LGBTQIA+ health that was supported by Briolly. There were attacks against Briolly made in the comments section, including death threats and threats of violence. Briolly, in turn, turned to the office of the Public Ministry and requesting the video be removed. She also filed a complaint with the Delegation of Racial Crimes and Crimes of Intolerance. In response, Gomes claims he is not transphobic and filed a criminal complaint against Briolly, as well as representing himself against Briolly at the Council of Ethics of the Municipal Chamber of Niterói due to threats.
Police escort
In April 2023, the Justice Ministry of the state of Rio de Janeiro determined that Briolly would have a police escort and other seurity measures that would "guarantee her physical integrity and the continuity of her exercise in the entire Rio de Janeiro region", complying with the request by the Public Prosecutor's Office (MPF): "The extreme measure of deployment of police escorts is justified by the history of violence against activists who are defenders of human rights."
References
1991 births
Living people
People from Niterói
Brazilian politicians of African descent
Transgender women politicians
Women municipal councillors in Brazil
Brazilian human rights activists
Brazilian LGBTQ politicians
Brazilian transgender women
|
79355638
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemison
|
Jemison
|
Jemison may refer to:
Jemison, Alabama, U.S. city
Jemison (surname)
Jemison High School (Huntsville, Alabama)
Jemison High School (Jemison, Alabama)
See also
Jamison (disambiguation)
|
79355640
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge%20of%20Emotions
|
Edge of Emotions
|
Edge of Emotions: Is a Ghanaian movie produced by a company called Stevens Multimedia and was released on 28 January 2023 (Ghana). The movie was directed Stephen Ekeso. English language is the most spoken Language used in the movie.
Casts.
Shadrack Agyare
Naeem Fakih
Jeffery Nortey
Sandra Osei Nti
A.J. Pounds
References
|
79355648
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delete%20Ya
|
Delete Ya
|
"Delete Ya" is a song by the American actor and musician Joe Keery, under his alias Djo. It was released independently under AWAL on February 27, 2025, as the second single from his upcoming third studio album, The Crux (2025). Keery wrote the song alongside Adam Thein. It is a soft rock track with lyrics recalling someone with high standards as well as an old home.
Background and release
On January 24, 2025, Joe Keery announced his third studio album as Djo, titled The Crux, and revealed its cover artwork and track listing, which includes "Delete Ya" as the fifth song. The lead single, "Basic Being Basic", was released on the same date. The second single from the album, "Delete Ya", was released to digital platforms on February 27, 2025, alongside a lyric video that premiered on Keery's YouTube channel. The animated video was made by Jack Zhang and Andrew Onorato.
Composition
As part of The Crux, "Delete Ya" was written and produced by Keery and his frequent collaborator Adam Thein at Electric Lady Studios in New York City. The former provided the lead vocals and played electric guitar, while the latter played synthesizers and piano. Additionally, Wesley Toledo played drums. The track has a duration of three minutes and twenty-three seconds.
"Delete Ya" is a soft rock song. In the song's lyrics, the musician expresses about trying to forget someone with high standards while not being able to do so. He also recalls an old apartment where he no longer lives. Jaeden Pinder from Consequence wrote that Keery sings in a "lackadaisical, Julian Casablancas-like" style.
Reception
Rolling Stone included the track on a list of the best music from its release week. Megan Lapierre of Exclaim! beelieved that if The Crux "sounds anywhere near as good as [the song] everyone should be interested".
References
2025 singles
2025 songs
Joe Keery songs
American soft rock songs
|
79355671
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priya%20Malik%20%28actress%29
|
Priya Malik (actress)
|
Priya Malik (born 9 January 1989) is an Indian actress, poet, storyteller, and television personality known for her participation in reality shows and contributions to literature and social activism.
Early life and education
Born in Dehradun, India, Priya Malik completed her schooling at Carman School and Convent of Jesus & Mary High School in Dehradun. She graduated with an English Honors degree from Sri Venkateswara College, Delhi University. In 2008, she moved to Australia for higher studies at the University of South Australia, where she earned multiple master's degrees in Applied Linguistics, Teaching (Middle and Secondary), and Education.
Career
Before entering the entertainment industry, Malik worked as a teacher in Australia. She gained prominence as a contestant on the Australian reality show Big Brother Season 11 in 2014, where she was evicted as the fourth finalist. Following this, she returned to India and participated in Bigg Boss Season 9in 2015.
In addition to reality television, Malik has acted in various mediums. She portrayed Keerti Fernandes in the television series Savitri Devi College & Hospital (2017) on Colors TV. She also appeared in the short film Sheer Qorma (2021) as Susan and played Shefali in the Netflix web series Yeh Kaali Kaali Ankhein (2022).
As a poet and storyteller, Malik has been featured on platforms such as UnErase Poetry, Spill Poetry, Kommune India, and Tape A Tale. Her poetry is widely recognized on YouTube, with performances like Mujhe Pyaar Nahin, Ishq Chahiye, 2019 Mein 1999, Kya Pyar Dosti Hai?, Broken But Beautiful, Ladkiyo Ko Yeh Kyu Nahi Sikhaaya Jaata?, Tum Mumbai Ho, When He Told Me He No Longer Loved Me, and several others.
Filmography
Awards and recognition
In 2022, Priya Malik received the Outstanding Contribution to Indian Literature Award at the Iconic Achievers Awards.
References
External links
Living people
|
79355694
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank-finiteness%20for%20fusion%20categories
|
Rank-finiteness for fusion categories
|
In mathematics, rank-finiteness for fusion categories is a collection of related theorems and conjectures about structures related to fusion categories. The question is whether or not a given categorical structure related to fusion categories has finitely many or infinitely many equivalence classes of a given rank. The original result in this direction was Ocneanu rigidity, which asserts that every fusion ring has finitely many categorifications. A particularly relevant example to condensed matter physics is the rank-finiteness theorem for modular tensor categories.
Here and throughout, the rank of a fusion category refers to the number of isomorphism classes of simple objects it has.
Ocneanu rigidity
The Ocneanu rigidity theorem, named after mathematician Adrian Ocneanu, asserts that every fusion ring has finitely many categorifications. Stated more directly, this means that are only finitely many equivalence classes of fusion categories with a given set of fusion rules. The braided version of Ocneanu rigidity states that there are only finitely many equivalence classes of braided fusion categories with a given set of fusion rules.
The proof of Ocneanu rigidity relies on the demonstrating vanishing of the Davydov-Yetter cohomology groups, which classify certain equivalence classes of deformations of fusion categories.
Positive results on rank finiteness
There are several known cases of rank-finiteness. These
The rank-finiteness theorem for modular tensor category is a theorem due to Paul Bruillard, Siu-Hung Ng, Eric Rowell, and Zhenghan Wang.
The rank-finiteness theorem for braided fusion categories is a theorem due to Corey Jones, Scott Morrison, Dmitri Nikshych, and Eric Rowell.
The rank-finiteness theorem for G-crossed braided fusion categories is a theorem, also due to Jones et al.
The rank-finiteness theorem for super-modular tensor categories is a theorem, also due to Jones et al.
Unknown results on rank finiteness
It is not known whether or not there are finitely many fusion categories of a given rank. Similarly, it is not known whether or not there are finitely many pivotal fusion categories and spherical fusion categories of a given rank. This is related to the other open problem of determining whether or not it is true that every fusion category admits a pivotal (or even spherical) structure.
References
Category theory
Topological quantum mechanics
|
79355714
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Scruffiness
|
History of Scruffiness
|
History of Scruffiness () is an ongoing South Korean television series written by Kim Poong, directed by Kim Sung hoon and starring Jo Byeong-kyu, Ryeoun, Jung Jae-kwang, and Jung Yong-ju. It is based on the Naver webtoon of the same name written by Kim Poong and illustrated by Shim Yoon Soo.
Synopsis
It depicts the growth of four twenty years Old boys through love and separation.
Cast and Characters
Main
Jo Byeong-kyu as Seo Min-gi
An overthinker who constantly second-guesses himself in relationship.
Ryeoun as Noh Jun-seok
A heartthrob struggling with emotional barriers due to childhood trauma.
Jung Jae-kwang as Kwon Ki-hyuk
A hardworking young man juggling multiple part-time jobs to overcome financial hardships.
References
2020s South Korean television series
2025 South Korean television series debuts
|
79355715
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods%20in%20Chile
|
Floods in Chile
|
Floods in Chile occur due to heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, and geographical and climatic factors. Major rivers, including the Maipo, Mapocho, Cachapoal, Ñuble, and Maule, frequently overflow, causing damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and settlements. Flooding is most common during the winter months (June to August), with urban areas such as Santiago experiencing increased risk due to drainage limitations. Notable flooding events include the 2015 floods in the Atacama and Coquimbo regions, which affected over 30,000 people and caused estimated damages exceeding US$500 million. More recent floods in 2023, destroyed over 21,000 homes, at least four fatalities, and estimated agricultural losses exceeding US$1 billion.
References
Floods in Chile
Natural disasters in Chile
Floods in South America
Floods in South America by country
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79355739
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%20I%20%28Junho%20song%29
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Can I (Junho song)
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Can I is a Japanese special single released by South Korean artist Lee Jun-ho. It first premiered digitally on July 21, 2023, to celebrate the 10th anniversary of his debut as a solo artist.
Background
On May 30, 2019, Lee began his military service as a public service worker. He was discharged on March 20, 2021.
On July 7, 2023, JYP Entertainment announced that Junho would be releasing a special single titled Can I on August 23, 2023, and revealed images of the album jacket. This followed the announcement of a concert tour titled The Day We Meet Again with six dates in July and August 2023, marking his 10th anniversary as a solo artist. The single would be his first Japanese release since December 2018, following "Junho The Best," and his first release featuring new music since "Souzou" five years ago.
Track listing
Charts
References
2023 singles
Songs in Japanese
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79355743
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1703%20in%20South%20Africa
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1703 in South Africa
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The following lists events that happened during 1703 in South Africa.
Incumbents
Governor of the Cape Colony - Willem Adriaan van der Stel
Events
Licenses are issued to stock farmers, to graze cattle beyond colonial boundaries, on the Khoikhoi land.
The first Malmesbury farms are allocated to settlers, who are drawn in by a sulphur chloride mineral spring.
References
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79355751
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schauenburg-Ng%20theorem
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Schauenburg-Ng theorem
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In mathematics, the Schauenbug-Ng theorem is a theorem about the modular group representations of modular tensor categories proved by Siu-Hung Ng and Peter Schauenburg in 2010. It asserts that that the kernels of the modular representations of all modular tensor categories are congruence subgroups of . Since congruence subgroups all have finite index in , this implies in particular that the modular representations of all modular representations have finite image.
On physical grounds coming from conformal field theory, it has been conjectured since 1987 by Greg Moore and others that the kernel of the modular group representations should be congruence subgroups. The proof by Schauenbug and Ng came after a series of partial results by other mathematicians, which proved the theorem in special cases.
To prove their result Schauenbug and Ng introduced the notion of 'generalied Frobenius-Schur' indicators, which have since found separate applications to mathematical physics.
References
Category theory
Representation theory
Number theory
Topological quantum mechanics
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79355760
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniho%20ngaitahu
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Maniho ngaitahu
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Maniho ngaitahu is a species of spider in the family Desidae that is endemic to New Zealand.
Taxonomy
This species was described by Ray Forster and Cecil Wilton in 1973 from female and male specimens. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.
Description
The female is recorded at 7.3mm in length whereas the male is 7.0mm.
Distribution
This species is only known from Banks Peninsula, New Zealand.
Conservation status
Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Not Threatened".
References
Desidae
Spiders described in 1973
Endemic spiders of New Zealand
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79355767
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fariba%20Naderi
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Fariba Naderi
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Fariba Naderi (Persian: فریبا نادری; born April 12, 1984) is an Iranian actress. In 2025, she won the Crystal Simorgh for Best Actress at the 43rd Fajr Film Festival for her performance in Setareh's Husband (2025).
Early life
Fariba Naderi was born on April 12, 1984, in Tehran, Iran.
Filmography
Film
Web
Television
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Crystal Simorgh for Best Actress winners
Iranian film actresses
Iranian television actresses
Iranian stage actresses
People from Tehran
Living people
Pages using infobox person with multiple spouses
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79355770
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniho%20otagoensis
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Maniho otagoensis
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Maniho otagoensis is a species of spider in the family Desidae that is endemic to New Zealand.
Taxonomy
This species was described by Ray Forster and Cecil Wilton in 1973 from female and male specimens. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.
Description
The female is recorded at 6.3mm in length whereas the male is 5.8mm.
Distribution
This species is only known from Otago, New Zealand.
Conservation status
Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Not Threatened".
References
Desidae
Spiders described in 1973
Endemic spiders of New Zealand
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79355804
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1704%20in%20South%20Africa
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1704 in South Africa
|
The following lists events that happened during 1704 in South Africa.
Incumbents
Governor of the Cape Colony - Willem Adriaan van der Stel
Events
The Free Trade embargo against the Khoikhoi is lifted.
Adam Tas writes his diary of 1704, later becoming a personification of the free burghers' struggle against colonialism, and being responsible for the future creation of Historical Publications Southern Africa.
Ravelins are added on either side of the gateway at the Castle of Good Hope.
Daentie Rycken, Uys family progenitor, settles on the By Den Weg farm in Stellenbosch Kloof.
References
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79355826
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCger%27s%20theorem
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Müger's theorem
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In mathematics, Müger's theorem asserts that the Drinfeld center of every spherical fusion category is a modular tensor category. Müger's theorem was introduced in 2003 by mathematician Michael Müger. Due to the connections between spherical fusion categories and modular tensor categories to the algebraic theory of topological quantum information, this theorem has found various uses within mathematical physics.
Interpretation in terms of topological quantum field theory
In terms of topological quantum field theory, Müger's theorem is useful for understanding the relationship between the Turaev-Viro construction and the Reshetikhin–Turaev construction. The Reshetikhin-Turaev construction takes as input a modular tensor category and has as output a (2+1)-dimensional topological quantum field theory. The Turaev-Viro construction construction takes as input a spherical fusion category and has as output a (2+1)-dimensional topological quantum field theory. The relationship between these models is that the Turaev-Viro model with input spherical fusion category is equivalent to the Reshetikhin-Turaev model with input modular tensor category . For this to be a valid equivalence, it is necessary for the Drinfeld center of a spherical fusion category to be a modular tensor category.
Interpretation in terms of the Levin-Wen model
In terms of lattice model, Müger's theorem is useful for understanding the Levin-Wen model. In condensed matter physics, the Levin-Wen model is a construction which takes as input a unitary fusion category and has as output an exactly solvable lattice model for topological order whose anyons are described by the category . For to be a valid description of anyons in a physical system, the algebraic theory of topological quantum information asserts that would need to be a unitary modular tensor category.
Every unitary fusion category admits a canonical spherical structure. As such, Müger's theorem applies and asserts that is a modular tensor category, and the unitary structure on endows with the structure of a unitary modular tensor category. Thus, in this context, Müger's theorem encodes the fact that for any unitary fusion category the quantum double is a valid choice of anyon theory for the Levin-Wen model.
References
Category theory
Topological quantum mechanics
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79355833
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniho%20pumilio
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Maniho pumilio
|
Maniho pumilio is a species of spider in the family Desidae that is endemic to New Zealand.
Taxonomy
This species was described by Ray Forster and Cecil Wilton in 1973 from female and male specimens. The holotype is stored in Te Papa Museum under registration number AS.000091.
Description
The female is recorded at 5mm in length whereas the male is 4.6mm.
Distribution
This species is only known from Wellington, New Zealand.
Conservation status
Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Not Threatened".
References
Desidae
Spiders described in 1973
Endemic spiders of New Zealand
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79355854
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francine%20%28cat%29
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Francine (cat)
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Francine is a short-haired cat from Richmond, Virginia that lives at Lowe's #1037 on Broad Street. She first entered the store's Lawn and Garden area in 2017. She initially sustained herself on mice and refused to let humans near her, but after employees noticed that she looked thin, they started to feed her. She formed an especially close bond with one employee and became outwardly friendly after about 18 months. Despite being free to leave, Francine has remained at the store ever since. The store and its associates take care of her food, water, and veterinary needs, with assistance from the community.
Many customers visit the store solely to visit Francine, or bypass nearer stores in favor of #1037 because of her. Some have tried to remove her from the store. Monopoly included "Lowe's cat Francine" in its official Richmond edition of the game, and a print of the cat, made by a local artist, hangs in the store.
During the 2024 Richmond mayoral election, signs popped up around the city saying "Elect Francine for whatever she wants." The cat received 8 votes.
References
Individual cats in the United States
Richmond, Virginia
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79355856
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lourembam%20Rameshwor%20Meetei
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Lourembam Rameshwor Meetei
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Lourembam Rameshwor Meetei (born 1980) is an Indian politician from Manipur. He is a member of the Manipour Legislative Assembly from Keirao Assembly constituency in Imphal East district. He won the 2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Early life and education
Meetei is from Kyamgei, Imphal East district, Manipur. He is the son of Lourembam Iboton Singh. He completed his BA in 2014 at Regional College, Lilong, which is affiliated to Manipur University.
Career
Meetei won from Keirao Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election. He polled 17,335 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Md. Nasiruddin Khan of the National People's Party, by a margin of 8,209 votes. He first became an MLA winning the 2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election.
References
1980 births
Living people
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Manipur
People from Imphal East district
Manipur MLAs 2017–2022
Manipur MLAs 2022–2027
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79355861
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Cheriton
|
HMS Cheriton
|
HMS Cheriton may refer to:
, a 20-gun ship launched in 1656, renamed Speedwell in 1660 and wrecked in 1676
, renamed Ashton and broken up in 1977
References
Royal Navy ship names
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79355864
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniho%20tigris
|
Maniho tigris
|
Maniho tigris is a species of spider in the family Desidae that is endemic to New Zealand.
Taxonomy
This species was described by Brian John Marples in 1959 from female and male specimens. It was most recently revised in 1973. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.
Description
The female is recorded at 7.4mm in length whereas the male is 6.25mm. The carapace and abdomen are coloured pale orange brown and have dark markings. The abdomen has a pale pattern dorsally.
Distribution
This species is only known from Nelson, New Zealand.
Conservation status
Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Not Threatened".
References
Desidae
Spiders described in 1959
Endemic spiders of New Zealand
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79355888
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%20Khasi%20Hills%20Autonomous%20District%20Council%20election
|
2025 Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council election
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Elections to the Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council (KHADC) were held on 21 February 2025. Of the 30 seats, 29 seats were open for election and one remaining seat is nominated.
The VPP won majority by winning 17 seats.
Overview
About 158 candidates including 12 women participated in the election. The voer turnout was 76.77%. The highest voter turnout was recorded at Sohiong constituency (86.06%) and the lowest at Jirang (51.46%).
Results
The VPP won majority seats. The state ruling party NPP won 4 seats. The UDP won five seats, HSPDP won one seat, and two Independents won. The Congress party which earlier formed majority has drawn a blank.
VPP member Strong Pillar Kharjana from Mawkhar-Pynthorumkhrah constituency was elected unopposed as the new chairman of the council.
References
2025 elections in India
Elections in Meghalaya
Autonomous district council elections in India
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79355912
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taparko
|
Taparko
|
Taparko is a locality located in the Yalgo department of the Namentenga province in the Centre-Nord region of Burkina Faso.
Geography
Taparko is located about 12 km southwest of the center of Yalgo, the capital of the department. The commune is at the junction of National Road 3 and the end of National Road 18 going from Taparko to Manni then Bogandé and Fada N'Gourma.
Economy
The economy of Taparko, historically agro-pastoral, was profoundly changed with the opening in 2008 of the open-pit gold mine operated by the Russian company Nordgold– with however insufficient benefits for the village population, particularly in terms of jobs – but whose production has been tending towards the end since 2019.
Education and health
Taparko hosts a health and social promotion center (CSPS) while the medical center (CM) is in Tougouri and the medical center with surgical antenna (CMA) of the province is in Boulsa.
References
City in the department of Yalgo
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79355917
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imtiaz%20Ahmad
|
Imtiaz Ahmad
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Imtiaz Ahmad (; born 2010) is a Bangladeshi actor known for his work in film and television. He gained recognition for his role in the film Unmaad.
Early life
Imtiaz Ahmed was born on 14 May 2010 in Ramganj Upazila, Lakshmipur, Bangladesh. He is currently a student in Class 9 at Abdul Motaleb High School. His father, Mohammad Elias, serves as the headmaster of Jorkhali Habib Ullah Government Primary School, and his mother, Meftahul Jannat, is an assistant teacher at Jobial Hossen Government Primary School. He has a younger sister, Mahera Jannat.
Career
Imtiaz made his acting debut in 2019 with the television series Four, where he portrayed the character of Shop Keeper Jamal Walker. He gained further recognition for his role in the film Unmaad.
Ahmed made his acting debut in the film Unmaad, released on August 10, 2018. Despite his performance, the film did not perform well at the box office, earning a net gross of ₹200,000 and being declared a disaster. Imtiaz made his acting debut in 2018 with the film Unmaad, directed by Shaheed Kabeer, where he played a significant role. The film was released on 10 August 2018. Despite his performance, the film did not perform well at the box office, earning a net gross of ₹200,000 and being declared a disaster.
Filmography
Four (2019) – as Shop Keeper Jamal Walker
Unmaad
References
External links
Imtiaz Ahmad
2010 births
Living people
Bengali male actors
Male actors from Ramganj
People from Chattagram District, Bangladesh
Bangladeshi male singers
Bangladeshi playback singers
Bangladeshi male film actors
Male actors in Bengali cinema
Best Actor National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners
21st-century Bangladeshi male actors
Bangladeshi film producers
Bangladeshi YouTubers
Bangladeshi Muslims
CJFB Performance Award Winners
Meril-Prothom Alo Awards winners
Best Film Actor Meril-Prothom Alo Award winners
Best Film Actor Meril-Prothom Alo Critics Choice Award winners
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79355923
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifi%20Oscard
|
Fifi Oscard
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Fifi Oscard (born Fernande Oscard June 19, 1920 – November 12, 2005) was an American talent agent, perhaps best known for helping Margaret Edson develop her play W;t and for helping Orson Welles get the much-parodied "We will sell no wine before it's time" TV ads for Paul Masson. Oscard is the cousin of entertainment writer Army Archerd and the aunt of the former film and television child actor Miko Oscard.
Early life and career
Born in Rockaway Beach, Queens and raised in Cedarhurst, Oscard was the youngest of three children born to French parents, Maurice N. Oscard and Helene Berthet. She attended Barnard College.
Having attended college, married at 19, and raised two children in the interim, Oscard began her career in 1949, with the Olga Lee-Stephen Draper Agency and, in 1952, with Lucille Phillips, where, two years later, she was promoted to handling all television casting.
Later career
Oscard began her agency in 1959.
Her client list included Orson Welles, Arthur Ashe (and his daughter Jeanne Moutoussamy-Ashe), Charles Aznavour, Eartha Kitt, Jacques Bergerac, Gloria Grahame, Alexander Scourby, Peggy Cass Ted Knight, Dorothy Lyman Christopher Gore, Gary Garrison, Terry Schreiber, Tom Ligon, Sam Tsoutsouvas, Wayland Flowers, Jack F. Matlock Jr. Patwant Singh, Billy Klüver James MacGregor Burns, Susan Dunn, Robert McElvaine, and Walter Sullivan.
Oscard represented film noir icon Gloria Grahame during the years leading up to her death, and is portrayed by the British actress Suzanne Bertish in the 2017 biopic Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool.
In 2002, Oscard received the League of Professional Theater Women's Lifetime Achievement Award for her "countless years of creative contributions to American theater."
Personal life and death
Oscard was married to attorney Harold M. Steinmetz from 1939 until his death in 1984. They had two children.
Predeceased by her husband and daughter, Oscard died on November 12, 2005, aged 85. She was survived by her son and several grandchildren and great-grandchildren, as well as her cousin, entertainment writer Army Archerd.
References
External links
Fifi Oscard Correspondence – 1995-2004, 1995 - 2004 at Williams College
1920 births
2005 deaths
American talent agents
American people of French descent
Barnard College alumni
People from Hempstead, New York
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79355936
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jafar%20Khan%20Has%20Returned%20from%20Abroad
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Jafar Khan Has Returned from Abroad
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Jafar Khan has returned from abroad () is an Iranian comedy/drama film directed and written by Ali Hatami, produced in 1987. This film is a reimagining of the play Jafar Khan from Farang Came written by Hassan Moghadam. Although the storyline and characters in this film are similar to those in the play, Ali Hatami has reversed the roles of the positive and negative characters. The original play was written in the late Qajar period, while the film is set in the late Pahlavi era.
Plot
In the play, Jafar Khan is portrayed as an educated, aware, well-mannered individual familiar with personal hygiene. In contrast, his family members in Iran are depicted as illiterate, ignorant, superstitious, and unfamiliar with hygiene. However, in the film, Jafar Khan is depicted as a Westernized, emotionless, rootless, fanciful, and ignorant character, while his family and acquaintances in Iran (among whom there are also other returnees from abroad) are mostly portrayed as rooted, compassionate, and knowledgeable individuals who are trying to show Jafar Khan the right path but ultimately fail.
In the scene where Jafar Khan is interviewed by the press, he dramatically and compassionately refers to his audience as "Oh, frozen flock in the cold." He believes that the salvation of humanity lies in their forced migration to other planets, as he claims that humans have destroyed all resources, and what remains will soon be gone. He calls himself the savior and Professor of Space. The dialogue written for this scene and the performance by Hossein Sarshar is one of the film's brilliant moments and one of the most memorable scenes in the history of Iranian cinema. Part of this film was shot in the village of Kabotarabad in Isfahan with the help of the Agricultural Jihad of this village.
Summary
Jafar Khan, the son of Haj Akbar, returns from America, and upon seeing his unconventional appearance, his father realizes he will need to use drastic measures to make Jafar presentable. However, Haj Akbar's attempts are in vain as the government allows Jafar to pursue his ideas. Jafar takes on the role of transforming Jafarabad, now renamed Newjef, into an industrial city, where residents are expected to work on his vision for an ideal society. When Haj Akbar discovers that Jafar has married an American woman and is unable to control him, he suffers a heart attack. Following Jafar's suggestion, he is sent to an asylum instead of a hospital, but the psychologist decides to care for him at home. In Haj Akbar's absence, Jafar implements his plans, but with the help of the psychologist and the hospital doctor, Haj Akbar recovers and begins to oppose Jafar. As Jafar incites conflict among the villagers, the country ultimately abandons its aspiration to emulate America.
References
External links
1987 films
Films directed by Ali Hatami
1987 comedy-drama films
Iranian comedy-drama films
1980s Persian-language films
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79355948
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniho%20vulgaris
|
Maniho vulgaris
|
Maniho vulgaris is a species of spider in the family Desidae that is endemic to New Zealand.
Taxonomy
This species was described by Ray Forster and Cecil Wilton in 1973 from female and male specimens. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.
Description
The female is recorded at 10.2mm in length whereas the male is 7.5mm.
Distribution
This species is known from the southern half of New Zealand's North Island.
Conservation status
Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Not Threatened".
References
Desidae
Spiders described in 1973
Endemic spiders of New Zealand
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79355954
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods%20in%20Colombia
|
Floods in Colombia
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Floods occur in Colombia due to heavy rainfall, deforestation, the destruction of high-mountain wetlands and savanna wetlands, and poor urban planning, which intensifies the overflow of major rivers such as the Magdalena, Cauca, and Sinú. The country has experienced severe flooding events, notably during the 2010–2011 rainy season and in November 2024, resulting in extensive damage, displacement, and economic losses. The floods affected 2.9 million people across 28 departments, with damages estimated at 2.5% of the country's GDP. In 2024, heavy rainfall impacted over 46,000 families in 186 municipalities across 27 departments, with the worst-hit regions including La Guajira, Huila, Chocó, Norte de Santander, and Cauca. In Chocó alone, more than 100,000 people, approximately 20% of the department's population, were affected, leading to the declaration of a state of calamity. Nationwide, torrential rains displaced over 90,000 individuals, particularly in the Pacific coast and Andean regions, causing landslides, infrastructure damage, and widespread flooding. Colombia ranks 10th globally in economic risk from multiple hazards, including floods, with damages from the 2010–2011 floods alone reaching $5.2 billion.
References
Floods in Colombia
Natural disasters in Colombia
Floods in South America
Floods in South America by country
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79355972
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnieper-Oka%20language
|
Dnieper-Oka language
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The Dnieper-Oka language (Eastern Peripheral Baltic, Dnieper-Baltic) is one or several extinct Baltic languages, the existence of which is indicated by toponymic data. It occupied the upper reaches of the Daugava, the basins of the upper Dnieper and Desna, the upper and middle Oka and the Seym. Beginning in the 7th and 8th centuries, the Baltic dialects of the region were replaced by Old East Slavic. The only known subdivision of the Dnieper-Oka language is the Golyad language.
Language area
Hydronymics indicate the ancient presence of the Balts in two regions that were occupied by the East Slavs at the beginning of historical time:
Dnieper - The most extensive, moreover, it is divided into separate relatively independent hydronymic areas (Berezinsky, Sozhsky, Pripyatsky, Desna basins), covering the northern half of the Dnieper basin from its sources to Kyiv (and even further south, cf. Viliya, Shandra, etc.) and numbering (considering variants of names and the fact that often the same name can refer to several, sometimes many water bodies) up to five to six hundred reliable hydronymic balticisms. Although their distribution throughout the Dnieper basin is uneven and strong condensations alternate with spaces that are significantly sparse in relation to balticisms, in general there is reason to speak of the continuity of the Baltic hydronymic element in the Dnieper basin.
Oksky - The Oka basin, several hundred Baltic hydronyms + abundant borrowings in the Finno-Volgaic languages. However, along the Oka, the sparseness of Balticisms in the upper reaches, especially their practical absence within the Ryazan and Nizhny Novgorod oblasts, is combined with the density of the Baltic hydronymic layer within the Kaluga and Moscow oblasts and, surprisingly, with the thickening of Balticisms in the very lower reaches of the Oka (the latter are among the most reliable). At the end of the 20th century, studies by Yuri Otkupshchikov and Vladimir Toporov revealed the widespread distribution of Baltic hydronyms in the Moscow, Tver and Smolensk oblasts, less often in the Kaluga, Tula and Oryol oblasts (which indicates a wider area of distribution of Baltic hydronyms in the Oka region than previously assumed).
Middle Volga region
The discovery of obvious hydronymic Baltisms in the Middle Volga region has brought to the fore the problem of the eastern boundary of the Balts' settlement. Vladimir Napolskikh considers the Imenkovo culture of the Middle Volga region to be the eastern flank of the Balto-Slavic cultural and linguistic community, although this view is highly controversial.
According to Péter Hajdu, the early contacts of the Volga Finns with the Balts, on the one hand, and the ancestors of the Indo-Iranians, on the other, spatially belong to the Middle Volga region, and in time - to the common Finnish era between the beginning of the 1st millennium BC and the 6th-8th centuries AD. These contacts are evidenced by the abundant Balticisms in Finnic, and partly in the Finno-Volgaic languages, and, moreover, individual borrowings in the Baltic languages, which could have been adopted from the Finno-Volgaic languages, such as, for example the Lithuanian sóra ‛millet', ‛millet' and the Latvian sāre, the source of which was the original *psārā (explaining, apparently, the Russian word "millet") - cf. Mord. śora (Erzya), suro (Moksha) ‛bread', ‛grain'.
Native speakers
In the first centuries of our era, the territory described above was occupied by the Dnieper-Dvina (in the west) and Moshchiny (in the east) cultures, which are usually associated with the Dnieper Balts. The attribution of some neighboring cultures like the Kyiv culture to the Baltic zone is controversial. From the 5th century onwards, the Tushemla culture was formed on the territory of the Dnieper-Dvina culture, which by the 8th-9th centuries became reliably Slavic. Relics of the Moshchiny culture were preserved until the 11th-12th centuries in the north of its area, where the Eastern Galindians lived according to chronicle data.
References
Bibliography
Jurate Aloisovna Lauciute О методике балто-славянских исследований // Славяне. Этногенез и этническая история. — Л.: Leningrad University Publishing House, 1989.
Yuri Otkupshchikov Древняя гидронимия в бассейне Оки // Балто-славянские исследования XVI. М., 2004.
Valentin Vasilievich Sedov Днепровские балты // Проблемы этногенеза и этнической истории балтов. Vilnius, 1985.
Valentin Vasilievich Sedov Балты // Финно-угры и балты в эпоху Средневековья. М., 1987.
Vladimir Toporov Балтийские языки // Языки мира: Балтийские языки. М.: Academia, 2006. (Стр. 32—33 посвящены селийскому языку)
Vladimir Toporov О балтийском элементе в Подмосковье // Baltistica, 1972, I priedas.
Vladimir Toporov Голядский фон ранней Москвы. О балтийском элементе в Подмосковье // Проблемы этногенеза и этнической истории балтов. Вильнюс, 1981.
Vladimir Toporov Балтский горизонт древней Москвы // Acta Baltico-Slavica, 1982, t. 14.
Vladimir Toporov Древняя Москва в балтийской перспективе // Балто-славянские исследования 1981. М., 1982.
Vladimir Toporov Балтийский элемент в гидронимии Поочья. I // Балто-славянские исследования 1986. М., 1988.
Vladimir Toporov Балтийский элемент в гидронимии Поочья. II // Балто-славянские исследования 1987. М., 1989.
Vladimir Toporov Балтийские следы на Верхнем Дону // Балто-славянские исследования 1988–1996. М., 1997.
Vladimir Toporov Балтийский элемент в гидронимии Поочья. III // Балто-славянские исследования 1988–1996. М., 1997.
Vladimir Toporov, Oleg Trubachyov Лингвистический анализ гидронимов Верхнего Поднепровья. М., 1962.
Oleg Trubachyov Названия рек правобережной Украины. М., 1968.
Baltic languages
Medieval languages
Extinct Baltic languages
Extinct languages of Europe
Languages of Russia
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79356012
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marplesia%20dugdalei
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Marplesia dugdalei
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Marplesia dugdalei is a species of spider in the family Stiphidiidae that is endemic to New Zealand.
Taxonomy
This species was described by Ray Forster and Cecil Wilton in 1973 from female and male specimens. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.
Description
The female is recorded at 6.72mm in length whereas the male is 4.55mm. The carapace is coloured straw yellow and is darker anteriorly. The abdomen is uniform grey.
Distribution
This species is only known from Canterbury, New Zealand.
Conservation status
Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Not Threatened".
References
Stiphidiidae
Spiders described in 1973
Endemic spiders of New Zealand
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79356017
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramon%20Cardenas
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Ramon Cardenas
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Ramon Cardenas (born November 7, 1995) is an American professional boxer currently in the super-bantamweight weight class.
As of February 2025, he is ranked as world's No. 9 ranked super bantamweight by The Ring.
Professional career
Cardenas made his professional debut against Jonathan Hernandez on July 25, 2015. He won the fight by KO in the 1st round.
Ramon Cardenas faced Rafael Pedroza at the Boeing Center in San Antonio, Texas on September 15, 2023. Cardenas won the fight by KO in the second round
On April 24, 2024, Cardenas faced Jesus Ramirez Rubio for the vacant WBA Continental North America super bantamweight title. Cardenas won the fight by KO in the 9th round.
Professional boxing record
See also
References
External links
1995 births
Living people
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79356024
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylachlor
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Xylachlor
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Xylachlor is a selective herbicide, used to pre-emergently control annual grasses on cereals, wheat, soy and rice. It is an anilide and a (chloro)acetanilide. As of 2023 it is considered obsolete, but may still be in use.
It was manufactured by American Cyanamid under the "Combat" trademark, registered in August 1979 and expired (by non-renewal) in 1986.
Compared to the fellow acetanilides alachlor, acetochlor and metolachlor, xylachlor had the weakest control of pigweed and setaria, though the greatest selectivity. Xylachlor is also less detrimental to sorghum, but this is offset by the need for higher application rates to achieve similar weed control.
Xylachlor's safety is not well studied. Prediction software indicates that it may be a class 3 highly toxic compound, mutagen or carcinogen, although other software predictions disagree.
References
Links
Herbicides
Isopropylamino compounds
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79356039
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tahoe%20Trifecta
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The Tahoe Trifecta
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The Tahoe Trifecta is a set of three half marathons in three days. It consists of the Emerald Bay Half Marathon, Tahoe Nevada Half Marathon, and the Lake Tahoe Half Marathon.
There's also the Tahoe Triple which is the same races, but the marathon versions instead of the half marathons.
The Tahoe Nevada Marathon and Half Marathon is downhill race that begins at the Spooner Summit Snow Play area and goes to Incline Village. The Emerald Bay Half Marathon is an all downhill race from Emerald Bay to Lakeside Beach. Participants receive medals for each one of the races.
As many athletes bring families with them for the long weekend, family friendly events are held like the free Pumpkin Run.
Travel journalist Anna A. suggest runners planning on doing the races train for specifically for the fact that the races take place in high altitude. The Reno Gazette says the race is popular because endurance athletes are looking for further ways to push themselves.
In 2025, the Tahoe Trifecta takes place on October 17–19.
References
Marathons in the United States
Half marathons in the United States
Annual sporting events in the United States
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79356043
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marplesia%20pohara
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Marplesia pohara
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Marplesia pohara is a species of spider in the family Stiphidiidae that is endemic to New Zealand.
Taxonomy
This species was described by Ray Forster and Cecil Wilton in 1973 from female and male specimens. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.
Description
The female is recorded at 5.6mm in length whereas the male is 5.2mm. The carapace is coloured pale cream. The legs are pale with dark bands. The abdomen is patterned.
Distribution
This species is only known from Nelson, New Zealand.
Conservation status
Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Data Deficient" with the qualifiers of "Data Poor: Size", "Data Poor: Trend" and "One Location".
References
Stiphidiidae
Spiders described in 1973
Endemic spiders of New Zealand
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79356057
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwa%20%28god%29
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Ruwa (god)
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Ruwa is the supreme god of the ancient Chagga religion of the Chagga people of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. It was practiced before German colonial occupation in the 1890s. Ruwa is one of the Bantu many prominent deities of the Bantu people of East and southern Africa.
Overview
In Chagga cosmology, Ruwa, who was associated with the sun, is believed to reside in the sky alongside his consort, the moon. Sacrifices to Ruwa are traditionally performed at high noon. While these superior spirits typically do not intervene directly in human affairs, the spirits of the deceased, who inhabit the earth, play a more active role in the lives of the living.
The spirit world is perceived as a reflection of the earthly realm, populated with powerful chiefs and livestock. Ancestral spirits of Mangi (kings) must be honored on behalf of the entire Kingddom, while other ancestral spirits primarily influence the lives of their direct descendants.
References
African gods
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79356075
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Coalition%20%28Singapore%29
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The Coalition (Singapore)
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The Coalition doesn't have any dominant party but Red Dot United will be performing secretariat role for administrative purpose.
Members Parties
Electoral history
See also
Elections in Singapore
List of political parties in Singapore
Politics of Singapore
References
External links
Political parties in Singapore
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79356078
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgo%20%28film%29
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Borgo (film)
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Borgo is a 2023 French prison drama film written and directed by Stéphane Demoustier. It stars Hafsia Herzi as a prison guard in Corsica. The supporting cast includes Moussa Mansaly, Louis Memmi, Michel Fau, Pablo Pauly and Florence Loiret Caille.
The film had its world premiere at the Angoulême Francophone Film Festival on 25 August 2023, and was released in France by Le Pacte on 17 April 2024. At the 50th César Awards, Herzi won Best Actress.
Premise
Prison guard Mélissa is transferred to Borgo penitentiary center in Corsica, where she finds herself implicated in a double murder for which she is suspected of complicity.
Cast
Hafsia Herzi as Mélissa Dahleb
Moussa Mansaly as Djibril
Louis Memmi as Saveriu
Michel Fau as le commissaire
Pablo Pauly as le brigadier
Florence Loiret Caille as la directrice
Cédric Appietto as Joseph Marchetti
Henri-Noël Tabary as Anto
Anthony Morganti as Pascal Rossi
Thomas Muziotti as Scaniglia
Production
Demoustier wrote the film's screenplay, in collaboration with Pascal-Pierre Garbarini. The film was inspired by a double murder that took place at Bastia–Poretta Airport in 2017. The case – dubbed by French media as the "kiss of death" – involved prison warden Cathy Sénéchal, who befriended gangsters of the Gang de la Brise de Mer while she worked at the prison in Borgo. She later confessed to her role in the crime, which involved giving a kiss to two men in order to single them out as targets to an assassin.
Principal photography took place primarily in Ajaccio (Corse-du-Sud) and the surrounding area, as well in the abandoned maison d'arrêt in Compiègne (Oise) The airport scenes were shot in Grenoble.
Release
Borgo was selected to be screened at the 16th Angoulême Francophone Film Festival, where it had its world premiere on 25 August 2023.
The film was theatrically released in France on 17 April 2024 by Le Pacte. International sales were handled by Paris-based company Charades.
Reception
Critical response
On AlloCiné, the film received an average rating of 3.9 out of 5 stars, based on 33 reviews from French critics.
Accolades
Notes
References
External links
2023 films
2023 drama films
2023 thriller films
2020s crime thriller films
2020s French films
2020s French-language films
2020s prison drama films
Films featuring a Best Actress César Award–winning performance
France 3 Cinéma films
Le Pacte films
Films set in Corsica
Films set in prison
French crime thriller films
French drama films
French prison films
Films shot in Corse-du-Sud
Films shot in Oise
Films shot in Grenoble
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79356080
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20Hunt%20with%20Beaters
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Fire Hunt with Beaters
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Fire Hunt with Beaters (, Hunt with Beaters for Fire) was the first Lithuanian theatre musical. Formally, its plot is a traditional love triangle, however with unexpected twists, evolving in the environment of Soviet Lithuania. The music is by Giedrius Kuprevičius, the libretto is by Saulius Šaltenis (songs) and (prose).
Lithuanian theatre critic explained the title as follows: "Fire is living human feelings, aspirations, desires. The chorus commenting on the actions and events are the beaters who help in the fire hunt".
Plot
Monika and Rolandas study together in Vilnius and have a romance. After the studies Monika was assigned to teach in a small town, while Rolandas stayed in the city. At the train station during the farewell they get into a quarrel, a discharged soldier Julius intervenes and Ronalndas injures his arm. Monika takes care of him and lets him live in her home. Monika expects a child from Rolandas, but agrees to marry Jonas, and after some time she starts having feelings towards him, forgetting the past. here comes Rolandas full of jealousy and demands Monika to make a decision about her feelings return. Tormented, Monika dies at the childbirth without revealing whom she actually loved. Rolandas demands the child, but Julius refuses.
History
Answering at the question how he came up with the idea of a musical, Kuprevičius said that at the time he was writing music for theatre. The play Fire Hunting seemed "too declarative, with too much pathos" to him, and he decided to soften up it with music. But gradually he got enthusiastic, and over 30 musical numbers were created. To put up a musical was unusual in the Soviet times, but Jesus Christ Superstar had already become very popular in the West, and it was encouraging.
The musical was premiered in 1974, at the drama theatre in the small Latvian town of Valmiera. In 1975 the Soviet state record label Melodiya produced an LP, where the musical was titled / ("Fire Beaters"). The first production in Lithuania was staged by in the , Vilnius. It was translated into five languages: Estonian, Moldovan, Ukrainian, Russian, and Latvian.
The first trio of actors who played the main characters were Vytautas Kernagis (Rolandas), Gintarė Jautakaitė (Monika), and Arvydas Navalinskas (Julijus).
After the premiere it was played for about six years. In 2004 it was rebooted, premiering at the Vilnius Cinema Theatre Pergalė on November 30, the first time with live music, with several new songs from the composer.The instrumental parts were performed by the symphonyu orchestra and known Lithuanian rock musicians. The choir part will be performed by the youth chamber choir "Aidija" with the Vilnius Youth Orchestra.
In 2014 it was staged at the Alytus City Theatre, and Klaipėda "Taškas" theatre in 2019.
The song "Kregždutės, kregždutės" ("Swallows, Swallows") from the musical gained popularity, and its cover by Andrius Mamontovas and Atlanta was voted best in 2003 at the .
Kernagis was including the song "Kaip mažas paukštukas" in his solo concerts.
Notes
References
Further reading
Mangirdas Dabkus, MIUZIKLO „UGNIES MEDŽIOKLĖ SU VAROVAIS“ PASTATYMŲ KAITA M.A thesis comparing various productions of the musical
Music of Lithuania
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79356085
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candelabrum%20australe
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Candelabrum australe
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Candelabrum australe is a marine invertebrate animal species. It is a cnidarian within the class Hydrozoa.
Description
The living hydroid is dark orange with paler longitudinal bands when its body is extended.
Range
It may be endemic to southern Australia and New Zealand.
Habitat
Ecology
Etymology
Taxonomy
References
Candelabridae
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79356086
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian%20Boxing
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Asian Boxing
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Asian Boxing is the continental federation for amateur boxing in Asia organized under World Boxing. It was established on November 26, 2024, after the Asian Boxing Confederation (ASBC) held a meeting to decide on its affiliation with International Boxing Association (IBA). The majority of ASBC members voted to remain part of the IBA. ASBC President Pichai Chunhavajira resigned after the meeting to head the new federation. The Boxing Federation of India holds seven key positions within the new organization, including BFI president Ajay Singh, who was appointed to the board.
Members
Bhutan (Bhutan Boxing Federation)
Cambodia (Cambodia Boxing Federation)
Chinese Taipei (Chinese Taipei Boxing Association)
India (Boxing Federation of India)
Iran (Iran national amateur boxing athletes)
Iraq (Iraq national amateur boxing athletes)
Japan (日本ボクシング連盟)
Jordan (Jordan Boxing Association)
Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan Boxing Federation)
Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Republic Boxing Federation)
Laos (Lao Boxing Federation)
Malaysia (Persekutuan Tinju Malaysia)
Mongolia (Mongolia Amateur Boxing Association)
Myanmar (Myanmar Boxing Federation)
Nepal (Nepal Boxing Federation)
Pakistan (Pakistan Boxing Federation)
Palestine (Palestine Boxing Federation)
Philippines (Association of Boxing Alliances in the Philippines)
Singapore (Singapore Amateur Boxing Association)
South Korea (Boxing Association of Korea)
Syria
Thailand (Thailand Boxing Association)
Turkmenistan (Turkmenistan Boxing Federation)
Uzbekistan (O`zbekiston Boks Federatsiyasi)
References
Boxing in Asia
World Boxing
Sports organizations of Asia
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79356095
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagga%20religion
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Chagga religion
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Chagga religion (Dini ya Wachagga in Swahili, Vanruvairuwa in Kichagga) was the pre-colonial Bantu religion of the Chagga people of the former Chagga states on the slopes of Kilimanjaro in present-day Tanzania.
Overview
In Chagga cosmology, the natural and supernatural realms are intertwined, with every aspect of the world considered to possess a supernatural influence. Human actions are believed to carry significant otherworldly implications, where misfortunes may arise from improper conduct leading to ancestral punishment, the malevolent practices of individuals, or the negative intentions of either people or spirits. The attribution of misfortune is often a subject of debate within the community.
Conversely, the explanation for good fortune involves the need to coax favorable outcomes from a universe inhabited by capricious ancestral spirits and potent forces. This coaxing is achieved through ritual acts aimed at appeasing and controlling these spirits. A prominent deity in this belief system is Ruwa, associated with the sun, who resides in the sky with his consort, the moon. Sacrifices to Ruwa are typically performed at noon. While Ruwa and the other superior spirits generally maintain a distant relationship with humanity, the spirits of the deceased, particularly those of ancestors, are considered more actively involved in human affairs. The spirit world mirrors the living world, featuring powerful leaders and livestock. Ancestral spirits are honored to ensure the welfare of their descendants, while the ancestors of Chagga kings are propitiated on behalf of the entire kingdom.
In Chagga cosmology, sexual reproduction is viewed as a fundamental force governing life and death. The proper union of male and female is believed to generate life, while improper combinations can lead to death. Marriage and incest exemplify these opposing forces, each deriving from male-female interactions. The potent nature of sexuality is acknowledged, with cursing instruments often adorned with representations of male and female sexual organs, symbolizing their life and death powers. To mitigate the potential dangers of sexuality, a degree of segregation between male and female elements is practiced.
Maintaining proper relationships between the sexes is essential for controlling these life-death forces, as is adhering to the natural sequence of life stages. Each being is thought to have its appropriate time to grow, mature, and die. For instance, once a child reaches the age of marriage, parents are expected to cease having more children; failure to do so may result in the death of family members. A young person who dies before their time is often believed to have been killed, while dying without offspring—whether due to youth or sterility—disrupts the vital cycle and the ancestral lineage.
In this belief system, childless individuals and barren women are not buried in familial graves but instead left in the forest, symbolizing a lack of continuity. The greatest concern is to die without descendants, as this signifies an eternal end to one's lineage. Sterility is viewed as a harbinger of ultimate death, raising questions about who would perform the necessary rites to guide the deceased into the afterlife if no descendants remain to honor them.
Ideology
In Chagga ideology, the cyclic renewal of life—encompassing humans, animals, plants, day and night, and the seasons—requires active maintenance of order within the natural and social realms. Central to this belief system are the principles of separation, combination, and sequence, particularly concerning male and female categories and their appropriate unions at the right times. Any deviation from these combinations or sequences is viewed as a potential source of chaos and disaster.
Three key themes are integral to Chagga cosmology: (1) the rejection of ultimate death, as the lineage of ancestors and descendants is considered perpetual, with the deceased continuing to exist in the spirit world; (2) the mysterious processes of sexual reproduction that sustain the chain of life among humans, animals, and plants; and (3) the magical significance of food production, consumption, and sacrifice, which is believed essential for sustaining both the living and the spirits of the dead.
In this context, sexuality, food, digestion, and the concepts of life and death are deeply interconnected. The fertility provided by manure, for example, symbolizes the links between plant reproduction and human sexuality. Consequently, Chagga cosmology incorporates these elements, emphasizing that both the living and the dead require sustenance, particularly enjoying offerings of slaughtered animals and libations of beer, blood, and milk. This ritual focus on food and fertility serves as a vital means of preventing both immediate and eternal death, thereby perpetuating life.
Rituals
In Chagga rituals, a significant offering to the spirits involved the stomach contents of slaughtered animals. During major misfortunes affecting the chiefdom, the entire stomach and intestines, along with their contents, were sacrificed to Ruwa, the sun god. In routine sacrifices, only the contents were offered alongside a portion of meat. The act of animal slaughter was viewed as a vital means of communication with ancestral spirits, as the spirit of the animal was believed to journey to the afterlife shortly after its death, serving as a form of "telegram" to the spirits. Food, therefore, functioned as a conduit between the living and the spiritual realms, with death facilitating this connection.
Additionally, Chagga cosmology draws parallels between feeding and reproduction. The body is often conceptualized as a container, with oral feeding sustaining life and vaginal feeding during intercourse creating new life. A child is seen as a combination of "male milk" (semen) and "female blood" (menstrual fluid). During pregnancy, the female body is viewed as closed and contained, preserving blood to nourish the fetus. Both reproductive fluids and the blood and milk from cattle symbolize life, with the former generating new life and the latter being consumed for sustenance.
Ritually, a woman who has recently given birth is offered mlaso, a special food made from blood and butter. Drinking milk from the same breast symbolizes sibling relationships, while sharing beer from the same vessel signifies friendship. The banana, a staple food and key ingredient in Chagga beer, is referred to as the "milk tree" due to its milky sap. Boys are circumcised using banana stems, which, like men, propagate themselves. Men typically own banana groves, passing them down to their sons. Furthermore, cow manure and human feces are believed to enhance the fertility of banana plants, as defecation commonly occurs in banana groves, reinforcing the connection between waste and agricultural fertility.
Initiation mythology
In Chagga initiation mythology, a narrative presented to women and children describes that men's anuses are sealed during initiation, linking their digestive completeness to their procreative abilities. This myth posits that, similar to pregnant women, men are symbolically "closed," lacking a vagina or any equivalent of an open rectum.
The digestive contents of men are metaphorically referred to as "the snake of life," particularly when their digestive systems produce unexpected sounds. Despite young women's ignorance regarding male defecation, male feces play a crucial role in the initiation ceremonies for both girls and boys. In the girls' ritual, a mixture that includes male feces is used to mark each girl's forehead. In the boys' initiation, feces are symbolically consumed as part of the solemn oaths taken during the ceremony.
These initiation rites serve as pivotal ceremonies that facilitate the transition from adolescence to the capacity to bear and beget children. The practice of manuring may have influenced the recurring psycho-sexual themes associated with feces and digestive processes that feature prominently in Chagga rituals and myths.
Witchcraft
In Chagga culture, intentional harm is categorized into two primary methods: open and secretive. Unlike the European distinction between supernatural and physical means of causing harm, Chagga society emphasizes the difference between public and stealthy attacks.
Secretive methods of causing death often involve witchcraft and poisons, commonly introduced into food or drink. This practice necessitates various precautions during meals. For instance, a host may sip from a calabash of beer before serving it to guests to demonstrate that it is free from poison. Similarly, a husband might require his wife or child to taste all food prepared at home, and a designated public taster is employed to sample all produce offered at women's food markets.
Other clandestine forms of harm involve placing witchcraft materials near an individual's homestead. To guard against such threats, Chagga people implement protective measures, such as planting dracaena (Kich. masale) boundary fences, which are associated with deceased ancestors and provide supernatural protection. Additionally, social etiquette dictates that individuals should not enter another person's homestead grove without prior greeting and invitation. Individuals loitering near a house, especially at night, are often regarded with suspicion.
In Chagga culture, witchcraft abilities and knowledge can be inherited from parents; male children inherit from their fathers, while female children inherit from their mothers. For those lacking hereditary powers, witchcraft materials can be purchased, and cursing instruments may be rented from lineages that own them. Additionally, individuals can seek the assistance of professional curer-sorcerers, who can be summoned to perform rituals in private settings. The Pare community, in particular, is noted for its reputation as skilled sorcerers.
In Chagga ideology, the distinction between inherent witchcraft abilities and the use of sorcery materials by those without such gifts is not significant. Both intentional acts of harm, whether through witchcraft or other means, are viewed as inherently wicked. Witchcraft beliefs remain widespread, and unintentional harm can also occur due to jealousy, anger, neglecting rituals, or violating taboos.
Public attacks, however, can be considered legitimate. Conditional curses, such as threatening misfortune if a specific action is taken or not taken, are commonly expressed without fear of reprisal. For example, a parent might invoke a curse on a child for failing to return home on time. Cursing is a traditional disciplinary method, often employed by fathers.
Colonial Christian churches condemned witchcraft and sorcery, viewing them as forms of devil worship. While many do not dispute the effectiveness of these practices, they argue against their morality. In contrast, cursing is generally acceptable within Christian contexts, seen as leaving judgment to God. This allows cursing to persist as a legitimate means of invoking supernatural powers to cause harm. Curses from close relatives, particularly between fathers and sons, are particularly feared due to their perceived potency.
Taboos and ritualized behavior
In Chagga culture, maintaining order within the cosmic framework involves numerous ritualized practices and behavioral conventions concerning everyday activities. For instance, a man requires his wife's permission to take milk from her calabashes, while a wife must obtain her husband's consent to access the storage basket for eleusine. This illustrates the gendered segregation of food-related activities. Additionally, dietary customs differentiate between children and adults; raw or unpeeled roasted bananas are designated for children, while adults consume peeled, cooked bananas. This distinction reflects broader societal norms regarding sexual maturity and generational roles, with raw bananas symbolizing the uncircumcised state.
Numerous conventions govern interpersonal relationships. For example, a newly married daughter-in-law must veil her head and squat when her father-in-law passes, while he is expected to avoid looking at or speaking to her. After her first child's birth, the couple performs a friendship ritual that lifts the previous avoidance requirements. Another convention dictates that a wife should always approach her husband facing him, as walking backward is considered a form of cursing behavior, potentially exposing men to harm.
Chagga social relationships emphasize respect, non-hostility, and distance. While men may joke with peers and certain female relatives, interactions between men and women typically reinforce role segregation. Generally, relationships between juniors and seniors are marked by signs of respect, with seniority signifying a closer connection to ancestors and carrying both supernatural and worldly implications.
Chagga ritual symbols
Chagga ritual symbols are derived from various aspects of everyday life, encompassing the following categories:
1. The Body: This includes bodily products (spittle, semen, blood, milk, urine, and feces), physiological processes (eating, defecating, sexual intercourse, childbirth, and menstruation), emotional states (anger, tranquility, envy), and body parts (head, mouth, anus, hands).
2. Basic Foods: Key dietary staples such as bananas, meat, blood, milk, and banana beer.
3. Food Production Activities: Practices including planting, manuring, harvesting, animal feeding, milking, and slaughtering.
4. Man-made Objects and Structures: Items such as huts, cooking pots, hearths, weapons (spears, swords, shields), and agricultural tools (sickles).
5. Flora and Fauna: The diverse plant and animal life of Kilimanjaro, notably the dracaena plant, which symbolizes the dead and is often planted in skull groves and around banana groves.
6. Natural Phenomena: Elements such as fire, water, the mountain itself, the sun, and rain.
7. Natural Dimensions and Qualities: Concepts of direction and value, such as left (feminine) and right (masculine), upward and downward, and numerical significance (three representing male, four female, and seven as dangerous).
These elements are interpreted through categorical classifications that imbue supernatural meaning into the natural and cultural realms. Notably, many symbols possess multiple aspects; for instance, fire can represent the nurturing hearth associated with female generative powers or serve as a destructive force. Similarly, water may symbolize tranquility or embody turbulence and rage.
In Chagga cosmology, both men and women are viewed as dualistic figures capable of bringing life and death. Men are characterized by strength, protection, and generative capabilities, but they also possess the capacity for violence and slaughter. Women, while celebrated for their ability to bear children, are also perceived as potentially dangerous, with menstrual blood symbolizing maturation and fecundity, yet also carrying risks of sterility and contamination. This ambivalence regarding gender roles and capabilities is reflected throughout Chagga myths and symbols.
See also
Bantu religion
Chagga states
References
Religion in Africa
Traditional African religions
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79356102
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkbakkalk%C3%B6y
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Büyükbakkalköy
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Büyükbakkalköy is a former Greek village of Anatolia, now a neighborhood (mahalle) in the district of Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
Büyükbakkalköy is the easternmost neighborhood of Maltepe. It is bordered on the north by the Ataşehir neighborhoods of İnönü, Kayışdağı, Mimar Sinan, and Ferhatpasa; on the east by the Sancaktepe neighborhoods of Eyüp Sultan and Fatih and the Kartal neighborhoods of Yakacık Çarşı, Uğur Mumcu, and Gümüşpınar; on the south by the Kartal neighborhoods of Gümüşpınar, Soğanlık Yeni, and Cevizli; and on the west by the Maltepe neighborhoods of Cevizli, Esenkent, Gülensu, Zumrutevler, and Başıbüyük.
Its population is 7779 (2023).
Name
Büyükbakkalköy literally means "large grocery village" (Turkish: büyük + bakkal + köy).
The name of the village is listed as Μεγάλου Βακάλ-κιοϊ, Mégalo-Bakal-keuy, and بيوك بقال (Büyük Bakkal) in 19th-century sources.
Notable features
Notable features of Büyükbakkalköy include
Kayış Hill (Kayış Dağı)
Kayışdağı Forest
Maltepe University
Maltepe No. 1 Type L Prison
Maltepe Juvenile Detention Center
Maltepe Prison State Hospital
General Nurettin Baransel Barracks
Büyükbakkalköy Cemetery
History
In late Ottoman times, Büyükbakkalköy was a Greek village first in the kaza of Üsküdar and later in the kaza of Kartal, with the villagers paying the jizya tax on non-Muslims, at least in the 1800s. The village had a large church, a holy spring (ayazma), a cemetery (meşatlık), and a Greek school, and was similar to other Greek villages in the Samandıra area, such as Paşaköy and Küçükbakkalköy.
During the Turkish War of Independence, the people of the village suffered violence. For instance, in April 1919, groups of armed bands (çete, including the Milti Kaptan Çetesi) raided and robbed the village, killed several Greeks, kidnapped others, and caused the rest of the Greeks to flee. Greek armed bands headed by Todori Gang in Şile targeted Muslims in the Büyükbakkalköy area. There were also reports of inter-Greek violence and of a raid on the village by Turkish soldiers from Maltepe.
During the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey, any Greeks remaining in the village were sent to Greece, while 130 Muslims from Salonica, Langaza, and Avrathisar (in Kilkis) were settled in Büyükbakkalköy and were provided with farm animals, plows, other agricultural tools, barley, wheat, and other seeds. The newcomers often faced conflict and hardship, though, since houses and land allocated to them had sometimes been occupied earlier by opportunists or by other refugees.
The holy spring was turned into a trough for watering animals. The church was used as a military headquarters World War II, then demolished in the 1950s. At some point, all the gravestones were removed from the cemetery.
Büyükbakkalköy continued as a village in the Kartal district until the 1980 coup, when it was converted into a neighborhood of Maltepe.
References
Neighbourhoods in Maltepe District
Maltepe, Istanbul
Populated places in Istanbul Province
Former Greek towns in Turkey
Greeks in Turkey
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79356119
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolmens%20in%20Guam-ri%2C%20Buan
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Dolmens in Guam-ri, Buan
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There are a number of Bronze Age dolmens in Guam-ri, Buan County (), South Korea. On January 21, 1963, they were designated a Historic Site of South Korea.
There were originally 13, but only 10 remain.
References
Buan County
Dolmens in South Korea
Historic Sites of South Korea
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79356146
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radhika%20Shakya
|
Radhika Shakya
|
Radhika Shakya is a Nepali economist, social worker, and author. She is also the wife of the current Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli and has been involved in economic policy, women's empowerment, and financial literacy initiatives.
Education
She completed her School Leaving Certificate (SLC) in 1978 from Adarsha Kanya Niketan School . She later studied at Patan Multiple Campus, where she became involved in student politics and was influenced by communist ideology.
Political Involvement
Radhika became interested in Nepal's communist movement after learning about Mao Tse-tung from a Chinese customer at her parents shop. In 1987, she met KP Sharma Oli, who had just been released from prison after 14 years.
Professional career
In 1980, Radhika started working at Nepal Rastra Bank as a temporary staff member. She eventually secured a permanent position until her retirement in 2011.
Role as First Lady
When KP Sharma Oli became Prime Minister in 2015 and again in 2018, Radhika took on the role of Nepal's First Lady. She also cared for her husband, particularly due to his health issues.
Books
Radhika Shakya has written two books:
Mera Anubhuti – About the struggles and hardships faced by KP Sharma Oli in his political career.
Karuna – Her autobiography.
References
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79356178
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Fellin%20%281560%29
|
Siege of Fellin (1560)
|
The Siege of Fellin was one of the final events that took place in August 1560 during the Russo-Livonian War. Besiegers used artillery fire exclusively to capture the strong fortress.
In July 1560, the Russian army marched on the Fellin fortress, the Livonian knights tried to resist it in the field, but they were defeated in the battle of Erms. On 17 August, the fortress was besieged and after three days of "hellish" shelling, it surrendered. As a result of this siege, the entire Livonian order actually disintegrated and was divided between its closest neighbors - Lithuanians, Poles, Swedes and Russians.
Background
At the end of July, the Muscovites embarked on another campaign in Livonia. These troops were commanded by , one of Ivan the Terrible's closest confidants, and Andrei Kurbsky, who would become famous later by betraying the tsar and siding with the Lithuanians. There will later be a in the form of correspondence between old friends. The German garrison was commanded by . During campaign Germans tried to prevent them in a field battle, the Russian vanguard under the command of Prince Vasily Barbashev at Erms collided with the Livonians under Philipp Bell and completely defeated them, the way to the fortress was open. 261 knights died, a significant part were captured, with this in mind, the losses of the Livonians can reach 500 people.
Siege
The cavalrymen from the vanguard, veterans of the battle of Ermes, were the first to approach the castle. Due to their lack of artillery, they only blocked the approaches to the castle and looted Surrounding area, waiting for the main troops. The siege did not last long, a couple of days, on the first day of August 17, the Russians brought down part of the walls, and the next day there was a massive fire that destroyed most of the supplies, a mutiny began in the garrison, which was barely suppressed, but this put an end to the resistance - on August 20, the city surrendered. According to the Livonians, the Russians entered the city with a "triumph", celebrating an important victory that came with almost no losses. Many accused the former master of having surrendered the city to the Russians, but he himself did not admit this, adding in justification that he had "only 300 people who had sympathies for Russia." The estimate of the strength of the garrison can probably be considered underestimated. The fall of the city actually led to the collapse of Livonia, and the beginning of a race between Sweden, Lithuania, Poland and Russia for who would have time to occupy more land.
Reference
Bibliography
Fellin
16th century in Russia
1560 in Europe
16th century in Europe
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79356192
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renato%20Lage
|
Renato Lage
|
Renato Rui de Souza Lage (born 21 May 1949) is a Brazilian carnival organizer with the Rio Carnival. He worked extensively with his wife, Márcia Lage.
He helped to develop high-tech technologies for usage in the design of carnival blocs for the Rio Carnival, particularly during the 1990s with his partnership with Lilian Rabello. He has been involved with the Rio Carnival since 1979, winning four titles in the Grupo Especial.
Biography
Lage was born on 21 May 1949 in Rio de Janeiro. He began to participate in carnivals in 1978 as a support member and chief of allegories with Salgueiro, then led by Fernando Pamplona. Beginning in 1979, he began his solo career with Unidos da Tijuca, with the group achieving their advancement to group 1B that year, with an enredo about Delmiro Gouveia, in homage to the visionary industrialist from Brazil's Northeast. Lage met Rabello leaving the Escola de Artes do Parque Lage and asked for her to work with him. They stayed with Tijuca until 1982. In 1983, Lage went with Rabello to Império Serrano, a traditional samba school based in the Madureira neighborhood.
In his first year as a carnival organizer with Império Serrano, he developed costumes and allegories for the enredo by Fernando Pamplona "Mãe, Baiana Mãe", developed and researched by Rabello, about the traditional habits of people from the state of Bahia. The enredo also gained media attention and attention by the public in general for the way in which the daily routine of the senhoras of samba were portrayed. Starting in 1985, he began develop the enredos created and developed by Rabello, forming a duo. Lage would remain with Império until 1986. In 1987, he returned to Salgueiro, where he would develop the carnival bloc for the enredo "E por quê não?", authored by Rabello, becoming a precursor to the bold artistic style that would consecrate them years later with Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel. The following year, Lage and Rabello would transfer over to Caprichosos, making two more enredos with Rabello.
In 1990, Castor de Andrade returned to Mocidade after two years and started a plan to reformulate the school based out of Padre Miguel. This came after a period in which they dealt with bad results and the loss of one of their biggest names, Fernando Pinto, due to an automobile accident. Andrade invited Lage and Rabello, along with set designer and television director Maurício Sherman to develop an enredo about the turning of the decade. The unfolding of events, along with the strong expectations that came with the return of Andrade to the school, made the enredo symbolically not just about the turn of the decade but of the return of Mocidade, which intended to start the 1990s renewed and on a strong note. To that end, Sherman was dismissed and Lage and Rabello gave a start to the conception of that year's winning enredo, "Vira-Virou, a Mocidade Chegou". The enredo was a profound look back at the school's past, recounting moments from its inception by members of a football team, Independente Futebol Clube, them winning their first title, their legendary bateria, memorable blocs and their biggest names, such as Arlindo Rodrigues and Fernando Pinto, along with the unforgettable Mestre André. They were also known for their participations with Mocidade in the carnivals of 1991, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1999 and 2002.
In 2003, Lage returned to Salgueiro in time for it's 50 year anniversary. In 2007, Lage worked simultaneously in two samba schools, with both Salgueiro and with the commission for Império de Casa Verde, in São Paulo, together with his wife Márcia Lage and other members.
In 2008, he repeated the feat, but this time working for Império Serrano, becoming the champions for Grupo de acesso A, along with being the vice-champion in the Special Group along with Salgueiro. In 2009, Salgueiro won the competition with the enredo "Tambor", becoming the most memorable performance at Sapucaí and the school was successful by the public and critically. In 2011, he made an enredo about cinema in Rio de Janeiro, having made giant designs such as a replica of King Kong at Central do Brasil metro station. The bloc proved to be difficult to work on in terms of the harmony and delayed the launching of the bloc. In 2012, he had another dual performance as along with Salgueiro (where he became a vice-champion), Lage also became a carnival organizer with Império da Zona Norte, reaching third place for the Porto Alegre-based school. In 2013, he made the enredo "Fama", earning 4th place. He later would become vice-champion, in a partnership with his wife Márcia Lage for the enredo "Gaia, a vida em nossas mãos".
In 2016, he would repeat the partnership with Márcia, developing with her the bloc for Vai-Vai, along with remaining in Salgueiro. He continued working with his wife for two years after withGrande Rio. In 2019, they were hired by Portela going into Carnival 2020. The year after, they developed the enredo "Guajupiá, Terra Sem Males" for the historic samba school. The bloc was corrected and without setbacks, but the school came in a disappointing seventh place, frustrating those who were awaiting a better result. Even with that, the Lages continued with Portela for 2021 and had announced the theme: Igi Osé Baobá, which told the story of and portrayed the symbology of the baobabs, giant, long-living trees originating in Africa. They came in 5th place. They would be contracted again for 2022, but Portela would come in 10th place. They would be released from Portela after a mutual agreement was made.
Carnivals
Listed below are the carnival blocs designed by Lage:
Titles
Awards
Gold Standard
1981 - Best enredo (Unidos da Tijuca - "Macobeba - O que dá pra rir, dá pra chorar")
1995 - Best enredo (Mocidade - "Padre Miguel: Olhai por Nós!")
1996 - Best enredo (Mocidade - "Criador e Criatura")
1999 - Best enredo (Mocidade - "Villa-Lobos e a Apoteose Brasileira")
2002 - Personality
2006 - Best enredo (Salgueiro - "Microcosmos: o que os olhos não veem, o coração sente")
2009 - Best enredo (Salgueiro - "Tambor")
2013 - Best enredo (Salgueiro - "Fama")
2016 - Best enredo (Salgueiro - "A Ópera dos Malandros")
Star of the Carnaval
2009 - Best carnival organizer (Salgueiro)
2009 - Best group of costumes (Salgueiro)
2011 - Best group of allegories (Salgueiro)
2013 - Best group of costumes (Salgueiro)
2014 - Best group of costumes (Salgueiro)
2015 - Best group of costumes (Salgueiro)
2016 - Best enredo (Salgueiro - "A Ópera dos Malandros")
Silver Cat
2011 - Best enredo ("Salgueiro Apresenta: o Rio no Cinema")
2015 - Best carnival organizer (Salgueiro)
Plumas & Paetês Cultural
2009 - Best carnival organizer (Salgueiro)
2011 - Best designer (Salgueiro)
2012 - Best carnival organizer (Salgueiro)
100% Carnaval Award
2022 - Best group of costumes (Portela)
Veja Rio Award
2014 - Best allegory (Abre-alas do Salgueiro)
S@mba-Net
2007 - Special prize (for his contributions to the Rio Carnival)
2022 - Best group of costumes (Portela)
Tamborim de Ouro
1999 - Best group of allegories (Mocidade)
1999 - Best group of costumes (Mocidade)
2000 - Beleza de Mensagem (Enredo of Mocidade - "Verde, Amarelo, Azul-Anil Colorem o Brasil no Ano 2000")
2001 - Beleza de Mensagem (Enredo of Mocidade - "Paz e Harmonia, Mocidade É Alegria")
2014 - Enredo Maravilha (Salgueiro - "Gaia - A Vida em Nossas Mãos")
2014 - Best group of allegories (Salgueiro)
Andarilho do Samba Trophy
2008 - Best enredo (Império Serrano - "Taí, Eu Fiz Tudo para Você Gostar de Mim")
Jorge Lafond Trophy
2008 - Best enredo (Império Serrano - "Taí, Eu Fiz Tudo para Você Gostar de Mim")
Manchete Trophy - Papa-Tudo
1996 - Best carnival organizer (Mocidade)
1998 - Best carnival organizer (Mocidade)
1998 - Best enredo (Mocidade - "Brilha no Céu a Estrela que Me Faz Sonhar")
Sambario Trophy
2009 - Best enredo (Salgueiro - "Tambor")
2011 - Best allegory (King Kong at Relógio da Central)
Tupi Carnaval Total Trophy
2011 - Best carnival organizer (Salgueiro)
2022 - Best group of costumes (Portela)
References
1949 births
Living people
People from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Rio Carnival
Brazilian scenic designers
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79356195
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluek%20trei%20ngeat
|
Aluek trei ngeat
|
Aluek trei ngeat () is a Cambodian dried fish and watermelon salad.
Preparation and serving
Cured and sun dried snakehead or cod pan fried or grilled on a charcoal stove is lightly pounded in a pestle or with the handle of a knife or spoon or roughly chopped. The fish is sometimes seasoned with a chicken soup base mix and/or crushed chili. It is then combined with cubes of peeled and deseeded watermelon, finely chopped scallions, coarsely chopped coriander leaves, ripe mango and seasoned with lime juice. The dish is also sometimes served with steamed rice.
References
Cambodian salads
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79356203
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius%20Cadwell
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Darius Cadwell
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Darius Cadwell (April 13, 1821 – November 26, 1905) was an American lawyer, judge and politician who served as a Republican state legislator for Ohio and one of its provosts marshal during the Civil War.
Born to a prominent farmer, Cadwell read law under his relative and future Senator Benjamin Wade and became a prominent local lawyer and minor politician in Ashtabula County. He was successively elected to both chambers of the Ohio General Assembly as a Republican. After a row in 1857 he was punched by fellow member John P. Slough in an incident leading to the latter's expulsion. Cadwell served as provost marshal during the Civil War, when he moved to Cleveland, and spent the remainder of his life in private practice and as an elected judge of common pleas.
Early life and legal career
Cadwell was born in Andover, Ohio on April 13, 1821. He was the second son of Caroline Darius and the farmer and pioneer Roger Cadwell, the latter of whom having emigrated from Hartford County, Connecticut on July 10, 1817. His other siblings were Emily, Jonathan and James D. Ray, a realtor who profited during the Duluth, Minnesota land boom. Cadwell attended local schools before studying one year at Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania in 1841.
Cadwell began reading law in February 1842 at the Jefferson, Ohio law firm Messrs. Wade & Ranney, composed of Cadwell's relative and future Senator Benjamin Wade (Wade's brother Samuel Sidney having married Darius's sister Emily in 1821) and future Ohio Supreme Court justice Rufus P. Ranney. He was admitted to the bar in September 1844 and joined the firm as a partner. The state legislature elected Wade president-judge of the third judicial district in 1847, so Cadwell and Ranney created a new firm with Charles S. Simonds. Wade and Cadwell remained in correspondence, with Cadwell apparently even writing a flattering monograph about the former's legal competence. When Ranney then left in 1851 following his election to the Supreme Court of Ohio, "Messrs. Cadwell & Simonds" continued practicing together until autumn 1871.
Political career, the Civil War and after
Cadwell was said to be diligent, active and able as an attorney, and popular in the community. He occupied a number of minor political offices, including alderman, deputy clerk, recorder (1847–1850) and trustee (1852–1855) for the then-hamlet of Jefferson, and census agent for Ashtabula County in the 1850 census. From 1856, he served with Uriah Hawkins as a Republican member of the Ohio House of Representatives for Ashtabula County, wherein he served two terms through 1858. Cadwell then served for two terms in the Ohio Senate for the 24th district, encompassing Ashtabula, Lake and Geauga Counties from 1858 to 1860. Cadwell was apparently an abolitionist, who reportedly "once thanked God that in Ohio public sentiment recognized negroes as the social and political equals of the whites" — among his personal papers are a bill to abolish imprisonment for debt and other documents opposing slavery and President Polk in 1848.
Altercation with John P. Slough
On January 14, 1857, Cadwell engaged in a debate with fellow lawyer and Cincinnati Democrat John P. Slough over the latter's bill to compensate members for per diem expenses incurred during the time spent adjourned. During the roll call for the vote, Cadwell approached Slough, with whom he had previously a cordial relationship, and told him the bill was "too foolish" to trouble the Attorney General with. In response, Slough said he wouldn't be disrespected any longer, and punched Cadwell in the face; Cadwell did not retaliate, and Slough, refusing to apologize, became the first and only member expelled from the Ohio General Assembly until Larry Householder in 2021. Slough was subsequently renominated by local Democrats, but the next year's election between him and Republican businessman Robert Hosea was incredibly close. Amidst the confusion, Slough returned to Columbus triumphant, only for the House Committee on Elections, on which Cadwell served, to demand recounts in certain wards where mistakes were reported. After the recounts, Hosea was found to have won after all. Slough conceded, moved west and apparently never returned to Ohio. At a time of great political violence, echoing the 1856 caning of Charles Sumner, newspapers described the incident in colorful language as a cause célèbre.
Civil War and subsequent work
In 1862, Cadwell turned down an Army captaincy appointment but accepted in 1863 the position of provost marshal for the 19th district to oversee compliance with the Enrollment Act, headquartered in Youngstown, Ohio. In autumn 1865, the district was consolidated with the 14th, 16th and the notoriously poorly managed 18th, and its headquarters was relocated to Cleveland. He was responsible for winding up the operations of the 18th, 19th and 20th districts before being himself discharged on December 20.
From 1865 to 1870, Cadwell apparently aided the Wade family and other Ohioans purchasing land in Duluth through his brother. In autumn 1871, Cadwell opened a law office in Cleveland. In 1873, he was elected judge of common pleas for Cuyahoga County and served two terms from 1874 to 1884. He also was a founding member of the Cleveland Law Library, serving as trustee (1881–1891), vice-president (1884–1891) and auditor (1891) thereof. Cadwell spent his final years in private practice with his son, Frank.
Personal life
On April 13, 1847, Cadwell married Ann Elizabeth 'Eliza' Watrous (b. 1826), the daughter of John B. Watrous (d. 1862), a veteran of the War of 1812. Together they had four children, two of whom (Florence and James R.) died aged three and eleven, respectively. The other children were Clara Gertrude (b. 1855), who in 1886 married the businessman Richard W. Hubbard, and a Frank W.
Cadwell died in Cleveland on November 26, 1905. A number of his papers, including official and personal correspondence, were purchased in 1969 by the Western Reserve Historical Society.
Notes
References
External links
1861 recruitment broadside by Cadwell announcing speech by Benjamin Wade
1821 births
1905 deaths
Ohio Republicans
Ohio state court judges
Ohio state senators
People from Andover, Ohio
People of the Reconstruction Era
19th-century members of the Ohio General Assembly
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79356227
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Nanango%20News
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The Nanango News
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The Nanango News was a newspaper published in Nanango, Queensland, Australia. It was published from December 1899 to February 1942. It was established by Mr McNamara.
In February 1942, the newspaper merged with the Kingaroy Herald, due to the rationing of paper during World War II.
Some editions from 1912 to 1913, 1920, and 1922 have been digitised and made available online via Trove.
References
Nanango News
South Burnett Region
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79356228
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bront
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Bront
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Bront is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Bront Bird (born 1989), American football player
Bront DeFreitas (born 1978), British Virgin Islands cricketer
Bront Palarae (born 1978), Malaysian actor, director, screenwriter, and producer
See also
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79356229
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%204775
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NGC 4775
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NGC 4775 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy lies about 55 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 4775 is approximately 35,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 25, 1784.
NGC 4775 has a small elliptical galactic bulge. The galaxy has faint and diffuse spiral arms. The pattern is asymmetric, with a very open and broad arm emerging from the southeast part of the disk and can be traced for about half a revolution. The other arm is very short but brighter. No clear pattern is discernible in the inner disk. There are many HII regions in the arms of NGC 4775 the largest of which is complex and about 4 arcseconds across. The nucleus hosts young stars but it is surrounded by older stars. The nucleus has higher metallicity than the rest of the galaxy. In the nucleus lies a nuclear star cluster which is 2.2 arcseconds across.
NGC 4775 is a member of the NGC 4697 Group, also known as LGG 314. Other members of the group include NGC 4697, NGC 4731, NGC 4941, NGC 4951, NGC 4948, and NGC 4958. It is part of a Virgo II Groups, a chain of groups extending from the Virgo Cluster.
Gallery
References
External links
NGC 4775 on SIMBAD
Unbarred spiral galaxies
Virgo (constellation)
4775
UGCA objects
-01-33-043
43826
Astronomical objects discovered in 1784
Discoveries by William Herschel
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79356248
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeren
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Jeren
|
Jeren is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Branko Jeren (born 1951), Croatian engineer and politician
Jeren Kendall (born 1996), American baseball player
Jeren Kurbanklycheva (born 1955), Turkmen composer
See also
Jaren (given name)
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79356260
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%27s%20Midnight%20Garden%20%281989%20TV%20series%29
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Tom's Midnight Garden (1989 TV series)
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Tom's Midnight Garden is a 1989 directed by Christine Secombe and starring Jeremy Rampling, Shaughan Seymour and Isabelle Amyes.The TV series was based on the novel Tom's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce, and filmed at Chenies Manor House in Buckinghamshire This adaptation stays true to Philippa Pearce's classic novel, blending a sense of wonder with emotional depth.
plot
Tom Long, a young boy who is sent to stay with his aunt and uncle in their dull, old house during the summer. One night, when the grandfather clock mysteriously strikes thirteen, Tom discovers that the backyard transforms into a magical, Victorian-era garden. There, he meets Hatty, a lonely girl who becomes his companion in this timeless world. As Tom returns to the garden night after night, he notices that time moves strangely—each visit shows Hatty growing older, from a little girl to a young woman, while Tom remains the same age. Through their friendship, Tom unravels the mystery of the garden and Hatty's life. In the present, he learns that Hatty is now an elderly woman, Mrs. Bartholomew, the upstairs neighbor, whose dreams connect the past and present. The series beautifully explores themes of time, memory, and the power of imagination.
Cast
Rachel Gurney as Tom Long
Shaughan Seymour as Uncle Alan
Isabelle Amyes as Aunt Gwen
Simon Fenton as Peter Long
Caroline Waldron as Hatty
Renée Asherson as Mrs. Bartholomew
Richard Garnett as Abel
Sarah Jane McKechnie as Mrs. Long
Katherine Schofield as Aunt Grace
Tessa Burbridge as Susan
Gareth Kirkland as Barty
Richard Cripwell as Older James
Edward Sibley as Edgar
Noah Huntley as James
Ashley Clark as Hubert
Kevin Francis as Man in Yard
Bill Kerry as Roast Chestnut Seller
Patrick Burke as Verger
Miranda Burton as Little Hatty
Will Club as Man with Dog
References
External links
*
Little sir nicholas on tvmaze
British English-language television shows
BBC children's television shows
1989 British television series debuts
1989 British television series endings
British children's television series
1980s British children's television series
1980s British television miniseries
British television shows based on children's books
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79356294
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shchuka
|
Shchuka
|
Shchuka (literally means 'pike' in Russian) may refer to submarines of the following classes:
Victor-class submarine
Akula-class submarine
Shchuka-class submarine
See also
Shuka
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79356296
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornje%20Dubrave
|
Gornje Dubrave
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Gornje Dubrave is a village in Karlovac County, Croatia. It is located in the municipality of Ogulin.
History
On 23 May 1941, the Ustaše raided Gornje Dubrave and carried away 29 of its residents, including the priest, railway workers, farmers, teachers and the innkeeper. Only a male and female teacher ever returned. The female teacher was raped in the Ogulin castle and was subsequently sent off to the Psychiatric Hospital "Sveti Ivan" in Stenjevec.
In June 1941, all Serbs employed in Gornje Dubrave received the news from the kotar administration at Ogulin that they were fired. These Serbian employees had been the ones to relay to Dubrave the message to turn in their Yugoslav military uniforms and arms, which only a minority, for example Lazo Janjanin, actually did. In their stead, Croats were hired: a local Croat, Franjo Stipetić, became the new municipal president (), while one from Posavina was chosen as the new notary.
After the mass arrests began, the father of railway worker Miloš Zatezalo fled to the GMS for safety, remaining there the entire war, leaving his wife and children behind.
In late June or early July 1941, the priest in Gornje Dubrave was arrested. In early July, he had not yet been sent away. As of a 15 July document, all he had been sent to a concentration camp.
A 2 July was issued order for all Velike župe, including that of Modruš (with seat in Ogulin), to make room for 2500 Slovenes each, who were to occupy the homes of 2500 Serbs, to be deported to the GMS, prioritising businessmen and merchants. Gornje Dubrave was to accommodate 350 Slovenes. As of mid-July, there were not enough empty Serb homes to accommodate the exchange.
On 30 July, 16 Serb villagers of Gornje Dubrave were arrested at the market in Ogulin, having come there to sell. Beginning with the next market on 6 August, the Serbs stopped coming out of fear that it would happen a third time.
Demographics
References
Populated places in Karlovac County
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79356311
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Kastraki
|
Battle of Kastraki
|
The Battle of Kastraki was a battle of the Greek War of Independence that took place in Kalavryta in 1826 between the Greek revolutionaries and the army of Ibrahim Pasha.
Kastraki is a fortified location in Helmos near the village of Solos in Achaea. In 1826, Ibrahim Pasha, after the fall of Missolonghi, passed through the Peloponnese and Patras and headed for Tripoli, on the way he plundered the villages he encountered and enslaved the inhabitants.
Arriving at Kalavritochoria, he found them deserted by residents since they had fled to Kastraki, as had the Monks of Agia Lavra and the city of Kalavryta. According to Photakos 2000, another 5,500 civilians were fortified in Kastraki, while Trikoupis speaks of 5,000.
The battle began on the morning of May 5th with the first attack being repelled by the Greeks, the second, however, under the leadership of Ibrahim himself, succeeded in breaking the Greek lines and pushing them back. The losses were heavy for the defenders, about 400 dead, 500 fell off the cliff or were buried in the snow, about 1000 prisoners, about 200 women with their babies in their arms fell off the cliff to escape captivity. The battle did not continue because with a trick by Nikolaos Petimezas he made them think that reinforcements were coming and Ibrahim withdrew to Kalavryta. Among the prisoners were the wife, sister and son of Nikolaos Soliotis.
References
Battles of the Greek War of Independence
Conflicts in 1826
Battles involving Greece
1826 in Greece
May 1826
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79356319
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20Within%20%28album%29
|
War Within (album)
|
War Within is the debut album by American rock band Any Given Sin, released on August 4, 2023. The band supported the album with a North American tour with Shallow Side.
Track listing
"War Within" - 3:33
"Calm Before the Storm" - 3:44
"Another Life" - 3:39
"Cold Bones" - 3:43
"Follow You" - 3:23
"Insidious" - 3:34
"Ball and Chain" - 3:20
"The Way I Say Goodbye" - 3:27
"House on Fire" - 3:26
"Dynamite" - 3:48
"Still Sinking" - 3:39
Personnel
Vic Ritchie - vocals
Mike Conner - guitar
Rich Stevenson - bass
Mike Showalter - drums
References
2023 debut albums
Hard rock albums by American artists
Mascot Records albums
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79356337
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySyara
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MySyara
|
MySyara is a UAE-based online car servicing and repair platform. The company is headquartered in Dubai, UAE and provides car services through its app.
History
Founded in 2019 by Chirenj Chandran and Anser Latheef, the company provides a car maintenance application. 8 months later, MySyara acquired SKKYN Technologies, an on-demand car wash application provider, for $2.8 million.
In February 2021, Creative Zone, Dubai’s business setup advisory firm, acquired a stake in MySyara. The company secured a $650,000 pre-Series A funding round, facilitated by JRC Corporate Consulting with ten investors.
In October 2021, MySyara announced a partnership agreement with AutoCentral.
In 2021, MySyara acquired a UAE-based auto parts distributor for $2.6 million and introduced “MySyara Supply” to streamline and integrate its supply chain operations. The company, also, expanded to Abu Dhabi and Sharjah, with rising demand due to the pandemic.
As of September 2022, MySyara had raised a total of $5.5 million in funding. It has 105,000 users and claims to have helped save over 11.5 million liters of water.
In September 2024, MySyara partnered with Mobil UAE to launch the first cloud garage network in the UAE, aiming to open 20 locations by the end of 2025.
References
Automobile repair shops
Car platforms
Motor vehicle maintenance
Automotive engineering
2019 establishments
2019 establishments in the United Arab Emirates
Emirati companies established in 2019
Companies of the United Arab Emirates
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79356367
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foma%20%28given%20name%29
|
Foma (given name)
|
Foma is a Russian male given name, variant of Thomas. Notablle people:
Foma Kozhyn, Ukrainian revolutionary
Fictional characters
Foma, the narrator of Nikolai Gogol's short story "A Bewitched Place"
Foma Gordeyev
See also
Russian given names
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79356369
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavio%20Chigi%20%281810-1885%29
|
Flavio Chigi (1810-1885)
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Flavio Chigi (Rome, 31 May 1810 – Rome, 15 February 1885) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal, Archbishop and Nuncio.
Biography
Son of Agostino Chigi and Amalia Carlotta Barberini Colonna di Sciarra, Flavio Chigi belonged to the noble Roman Chigi family originating from Siena, which included among its illustrious ancestors: Pope Alexander VII, and several cardinals such as two of his namesakes Flavio Chigi (1631–1693), Flavio Chigi (1711–1771) and Sigismondo Chigi .
He studied with private tutors and later studied theology with the Jesuits in Tivoli.
Initially initiated into a military career, he was enrolled in the Papal Noble Guard until 1848 and then ordained a priest on 17 December 1853 and became a canon of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, acquiring the title of Secret chamberlain of His Holiness .
On 19 June 1856 he was appointed Titular archbishop of Myra. He received episcopal consecration on 6 July of the same year from Pope Pius IX in the Pauline Chapel of the Quirinal Palace in Rome, assisted by Alessandro Macioti, titular archbishop of Colossae, assessor of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, and by Giuseppe Palermo, O.S.A., titular bishop of Porphyreon, Papal Sacristan .
From 1856 to 1861 he was Apostolic Nuncio to Bavaria and from 1861 to 1873 he was Apostolic Nuncio to France. In the same year, on 12 November, he became assistant to the Papal Throne.
During his nunciature in Bavaria he was also charged with administering the Apostolic Vicariate of Anhalt. It was he who organized the territory of this small Apostolic vicariate into four parishes.
Pope Pius IX elevated him to the rank of Cardinal in the consistory of 22 December 1873 and on 15 June 1874 he received the Titular church of Santa Maria del Popolo .
He became Grand Prior of Rome of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 21 December 1876 and shortly after, thanks to him, the association of Italian Knights of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta was founded in Rome, of which his nephew Mario Chigi Albani della Rovere, VII Prince of Farnese, was the first president from 1877 to 1914 .
In the same period he became Archpriest of the Basilica of Saint John Lateran. He took part in the Conclave of 1878 that elected Pope Leo XIII and in 1881 he became Camerlengo of the Sacred College from 13 May 1881 to 27 March 1882. Secretary of the Memorials from 10 November 1881, he became Secretary of the Apostolic Briefs on 24 March 1884 and then Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Equestrian Orders.
He died in Rome on 15 February 1885 and was laid to rest in his titular church of Santa Maria del Popolo in the capital. His body was temporarily buried in the Verano Cemetery, a burial which later became permanent .
References
1810 births
1885 deaths
19th-century Italian cardinals
Cardinals created by Pope Pius IX
19th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops
People from Rome
Apostolic nuncios to France
Apostolic Nuncios to Bavaria
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79356397
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGV%20Bordeaux%E2%80%93Spain
|
LGV Bordeaux–Spain
|
The LGV Bordeaux–Spain (French: Ligne à Grande Vitesse Bordeaux–Espagne) is a planned high-speed railway that would connect Bordeaux to the Spanish border, reinforcing the connection between Madrid/Spain and Paris/France. The project was initiated primarily to address the growing freight traffic on the Spain-Bayonne-Bordeaux motorway, which doubles approximately every seven years (growing at about 10% annually). The line would serve as a link between the LGV Sud Europe Atlantique to the north and the "Basque Y" (connection between Vitoria-Gasteiz-Bilbao/San Sebastián) to the south.
The project is part of the larger Grand Projet Ferroviaire du Sud-Ouest (GPSO). The 196-kilometer line is designed for both high-speed passenger service (TGV) and, in some sections, mixed passenger and freight traffic. The project is planned to be constructed in two phases: Phase 1 from Bordeaux to Dax (97 km) by 2034, and Phase 2 from Dax to the Spanish border (94 km) at a later date.
Construction costs are estimated at €3.7 billion for Phase 1 (as of 2022) and €4 billion for Phase 2 (as of 2013).
Route
The line branches off from the LGV Bordeaux–Toulouse at Bernos-Beaulac in the southern part of the Gironde department. After following a common 55-kilometer stretch with the LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse, the lines split near Bernos-Beaulac. The route then passes through Mont-de-Marsan, Dax, and continues toward the Spanish border at Hendaye.
Three new stations are planned for the line:
A new TGV station north of Mont-de-Marsan
Two regional express stations: one south of the junction with the LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse in Escaudes, and one west of Dax in Saint-Geours-de-Maremne
Phase 1: Sud-Gironde–Dax
The line branches off at Bernos-Beaulac from the LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse and turns south. The new Sud-Gironde station for regional express services is planned immediately after this junction. The route runs partially alongside the A65 motorway through the Landes de Gascogne Regional Natural Park until it curves westward just before Mont-de-Marsan. The new Mont-de-Marsan station is planned in the municipality of Lucbardez-et-Bargues. To connect with regional services from the current Mont-de-Marsan station, a single-track connecting line of approximately 8.9 km will be built.
Continuing southwestward, the line runs relatively straight, bypassing Mont-de-Marsan to the north. Near the municipalities of Pontonx-sur-l'Adour and Laluque, it reaches the existing Bordeaux-Irun line with a grade-separated junction toward Dax. The Bordeaux-Dax route via the new line is approximately 34 km longer than the existing line.
Phase 2: Dax–Spanish Border
At the Laluque junction, a connection for freight trains heading toward the Spanish border will be created onto the new line. The Dax agglomeration will be bypassed to the northwest, with another connection for passenger trains serving Dax station joining from the existing line in Rivière-Saas-et-Gourby. The new Côte-Landaise station for regional express services will be located at kilometer 190.77. After bypassing Saint-Vincent-de-Tyrosse to the south, the line runs parallel to the existing Bordeaux-Irun line for about 5 km. In this area, a junction to the existing line will be created for passenger trains serving Bayonne and Biarritz stations.
From Labenne, the route turns south, closely following the A63 motorway for about 7 km. The Adour river valley is crossed by a 2,860-meter-long viaduct. Immediately after, a connection from the Toulouse-Bayonne line is created for trains from Bayonne toward Spain. The line then reaches the foothills of the Pyrenees, necessitating numerous bridges and tunnels. Of the 34 km section from kilometer 225 to 259, approximately 14.8 km runs through tunnels (mining and cut-and-cover) and 4.5 km on bridges and viaducts. At kilometer 259.06, the border river La Bidasoa is reached. The continuation on the Spanish side toward Vitoria-Gasteiz is planned under the name "Basque Y."
Time savings
The Grand Projet Ferroviaire du Sud-Ouest will reduce travel times as shown in the following table:
Journey times marked with an asterisk are currently made by coach, as no efficient rail service exists on these routes.
Travel times for connections do not account for train schedules.
Infrastructure
The line has a total length of 196 km and is designed for speeds up to 320 km/h. The sections north and south of Dax were designed differently due to topography and traffic requirements.
The track utilizes UIC 60 rails with monoblock sleepers. The crossovers (points de changement de voie, PCV) are designed for speeds up to 170 km/h. Three operational stations (points de changements de voie avec évitement, PCVE) will be built at Carsen-Ponson (km 155.98), St-Geours-de-Maremne (km 189.79), and St-Pée-sur-Nivelle (km 243.77), each with an overtaking track with emergency platform and operational tracks for line maintenance.
The new Mont-de-Marsan station will have two 400-meter platform tracks and two middle tracks for passing trains, with two separate tracks for regional traffic on the side. The Sud-Gironde and Côte-Landaise stations will serve exclusively regional express traffic, with two 200-meter platform tracks and two middle tracks for passing trains.
The line will be electrified with alternating current (25 kV, 50 Hz). Three new substations will be built in Retjons (approx. km 101), Lesgor (approx. km 159), and Arcangues (approx. km 239). The line will be equipped exclusively with the ETCS Level 2 train protection system.
Phase 1: Sud-Gironde–Dax
The 97-km section from Triangle Sud-Gironde to the junction north of Dax is designed for a speed of 350 km/h and intended for use by fast freight trains (v≥160 km/h), with a track spacing of 4.80 m. The minimum curve radius is generally 5,900 m.
The Sud-Sud connecting curve is approximately 5.6 km long and allows a maximum speed of 230 km/h. An 8.9-km connecting line is planned to link the new Mont-de-Marsan station to the existing network.
Phase 2: Dax–Spanish Border
The 94-km section from the Nord de Dax junction to the Spanish border is designed as a mixed-traffic line (passenger traffic up to 320 km/h and freight traffic up to 120 km/h). South of the Saint-Vincent-de-Tyrosse junction (toward Bayonne), the maximum speed is 220 km/h. A total of approximately 15.5 km of connecting lines will be built to link with the existing line.
Operation
The new line will enable high-speed passenger service (TGV) from Bordeaux, Mont-de-Marsan, Dax, Bayonne, Biarritz, and Hendaye, as well as connections with regional services (TER) at the new Sud-Gironde and Mont-de-Marsan stations.
This will allow for expanded service with more train pairs and new connections. The travel time between Bordeaux and Dax will be reduced from the current 1:09 h (as of 2023) to 0:53 h with up to 12 daily train pairs. Between Bordeaux and Bayonne, the time savings is estimated at 40 minutes (including Phase 2). The Sud-Sud connecting curve will reduce travel times between Toulouse and southern Aquitaine (Dax, Bayonne) by at least 1:30 hours. Upon completion of Phase 2 and the extension on the Spanish side, the travel time from Paris to Madrid is expected to fall to 6:05 h, with 3 direct train pairs planned per day.
With the opening of the first section, approximately 7.7 million passengers per year are expected, representing growth of about 2 million compared to the scenario without the new line. With the opening of the second phase to the Spanish border, 10.7 million passengers are expected annually, of which approximately 2 million will be cross-border travelers.
History
Early studies
Between 2002 and 2004, the high-speed line was the subject of official studies. Several route options in the Bordeaux-Dax section were under consideration:
Expansion of the existing Bordeaux-Irun line to four tracks
New line along the A63 motorway
New line east of the Landes with service to Mont-de-Marsan
Public hearings (débat public) for the project were held in the second half of 2005. Based on the results, the board of the French network company Réseau Ferré de France (RFF, now SNCF Réseau) decided on March 8, 2007, to pursue the eastern Landes variant with a new station for Mont-de-Marsan.
On May 21, 2007, the local authorities of the Midi-Pyrénées region agreed on the distribution of their cost contribution. On January 11, 2010, RFF published the route alignment specified to one kilometer. On January 9, 2012, the steering committee, composed of representatives from the Midi-Pyrénées and Aquitaine regions, the relevant national ministers, and the president of RFF, approved the final route.
In a report published in June 2013, the Mobilité 21 Commission recommended constructing the line in two phases. The Bordeaux-Dax section, bundled with the LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse up to Bernos-Beaulac, was to be completed by 2027. The extension to the Spanish border (Phase 2) would follow later, with planned commissioning by 2032 at the latest.
Planning Phase 1
The public consultation phase for the first phase began on October 14, 2014. The declaration of public utility (déclaration d'utilité publique) was issued on June 2, 2016. Appeals against it were upheld by the Administrative Court of Bordeaux on June 29, 2017, and by the Administrative Court of Toulouse on June 15, 2018; however, these judgments were overturned by the appeals court in 2019 and 2020. The public interest was also confirmed by the Conseil d'État on April 11, 2018.
In March 2022, the financing plan for the Bordeaux-Dax line was signed by the French state and local authorities. It includes a total investment of €3.7 billion (current euros), with the French state and local authorities each contributing 40%, and the remaining 20% to be provided by the European Union. Commissioning is planned for after 2032, with the construction start date not yet determined.
Recent developments
In January 2025, SNCF Réseau began modernizing the "Midi" catenary system on the existing Dax-Bayonne line, which will interface with the future LGV. This €190 million project, funded by the EU (14%) and SNCF Réseau (86%), will continue until 2031 to prepare for increased traffic along this corridor. The timing aligns with the planned 2034 opening of Phase 1 of the LGV Bordeaux–Spain, suggesting coordination between upgrading existing infrastructure and developing new high-speed sections.
Timeline
2002-2003: Preliminary studies on the project's feasibility
December 18, 2003: Project selected by the interministerial committee for territorial planning and development
June 7 - November 25, 2005: Public debate
April 13, 2006: Decision by Réseau Ferré de France to continue studies
January 11, 2010: RFF reveals the 1,000-meter corridor defining almost the entirety of the Bordeaux-Toulouse and Bordeaux-Spain lines
March 30, 2012: Validation by the Ministry of Transport of the future high-speed line
October 14, 2014: Opening of public inquiries
June 2, 2016: Declaration of public utility by decree
June 29, 2017: Cancellation of the declaration of public utility for the Bordeaux-Saint-Jean to Saint-Médard d'Eyrans section by the Bordeaux administrative court
February 2, 2018: The Infrastructure Orientation Council report deems the project a priority and proposes phasing with a possible delay until 2027 in the most favorable case
October 17, 2019: The entire initial project is back on track with the reinstatement of the Bordeaux-Saint-Jean to Saint-Médard d'Eyrans section in the DUP by the Bordeaux administrative court of appeal
December 24, 2019: Promulgation of the mobility orientation law, allowing the creation of project companies for line financing
March 2, 2022: The Grand Projet du Sud Ouest company (encompassing the LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse and Bordeaux-Spain lines) is created
Opposition to the project
A local referendum was organized in several towns (Biriatou, Arcangues, and Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle). 85% of voters expressed their opposition to this project. However, this opposition was considered selfish by the former mayor of Anglet, Alain Lamassoure. In June 2023, a demonstration against the project took place in Gironde.
See also
LGV Bordeaux–Toulouse
LGV Sud Europe Atlantique
Grand Projet Ferroviaire du Sud-Ouest (GPSO)
Basque Y
References
External links
Official website of the Grand Projet Ferroviaire du Sud-Ouest (GPSO) (in French)
GPSO: Bordeaux-Spain line (in French)
Interactive map of the GPSO New Lines project (in French)
Proposed route, as of January 9, 2012 (PDF; 6.2 MiB) (in French)
High-speed railway lines in France
High-speed railway lines under construction
Rail transport in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Transport in Bordeaux
Proposed railway lines in France
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79356400
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barsuk%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Barsuk (disambiguation)
|
Barsuk literally means 'badger' in Russian. It may refer to:
Barsuk Records
Barsuk machine gun
Anastasia Barsuk
Dmitri Barsuk
Tatiana Barsuk
See also
Borsuk (disambiguation)
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79356422
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluchloralin
|
Fluchloralin
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Fluchloralin is a pre-emergent dinitroaniline herbicide, introduced in 1972, and used to control broad-leaved weeds and annual grasses. It is used in India. In other countries, it might be considered obsolete. 71 tonnes of fluchloralin was sold in India in fiscal year 2009–2010.
Fluchloralin's resistance class is D (Australia), K1 (global) or 3 (numeric); its mode of action is inhibition of microtubule formation.
Usage
It has been sold as a 45% emulsifiable concentrate, and applied at rates of 0.75 to 1.5 kg/ha of active ingredient.
Fluchloralin has been used on peas, beans, cotton, okra, sunflowers, soybean and peanuts.
Environmental behaviour
It can persist for 3 to 6 months in soil, with a half-life of 76 days. In water, photolysis degrades it rapidly, with a half life of half an hour.
Tradenames
It has been sold as Basalin (BASF), Dhanulin (Dhanuka Agritech), Nagflur (Multiplex), Anulin (Anu), Vicolin (Ghujarat Krishi), Herbilin (Herbicide India) and Flight (Devidayal).
References
Links
Herbicides
Anilines
Nitrobenzene compounds
Trifluoromethyl compounds
Organochlorides
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79356432
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdang%20Malay
|
Serdang Malay
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Serdang Malay (Serdang Malay: Bahase Melayu Serdang, Jawi: بهاسي ملايو سردڠ) is a Malayic language primarily spoken by the Malay people living in Serdang Bedagai Regency, the city of Tebing Tinggi, and eastern part of Deli Serdang Regency in North Sumatra, Indonesia. It is closely related to other Malay varieties spoken in the eastern coast of Sumatra such as Deli Malay and Langkat Malay. While Serdang Malay is the indigenous language of Serdang, it is no longer dominant due to migration from other parts of Indonesia, including Java and Kalimantan. Despite these influences, Serdang Malay is still widely spoken as the lingua franca and a common language for social interaction in Serdang. It coexists with migrant languages like Javanese and Banjarese. Many migrants, including the Banjar and Batak groups such as the Karo and Mandailing people, are also proficient in Serdang Malay. The language has been influenced by other Indonesian languages, especially Banjarese, brought by Banjar migrants from South Kalimantan. Their influence can be seen in Serdang Malay's phonology and morphology.
Serdang Malay is mainly used in informal settings, while standard Indonesian is reserved for formal contexts such as schools and government institutions. The role of Serdang Malay is evident in daily interactions, including greetings, casual conversations on the street or in markets, and discussions in rice fields, on the beach, and other communal spaces. It is primarily a spoken language, whereas written communication is typically in standard Indonesian. For instance, letters to family members, as well as sermons in mosques and prayer halls, are usually delivered in Indonesian or Arabic. It is also used for traditional Malay ceremonies and rituals. The traditional ceremonies of the Serdang Malay people are closely tied to the belief system of their ancestors, which continues to be practiced today. In these ceremonies, Serdang Malay plays a vital role. The language used in traditional rituals differs from everyday colloquial Serdang Malay. This distinction is marked by specific variations, particularly in word choice kinship terms, and the noble language of the Malay aristocracy, which is rarely used in daily conversation.
Classification
Serdang Malay is a Malayic language. Speakers of Malayic languages are spread from Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Southern Thailand, to the southernmost part of the Philippines. Malay is a member of the Austronesian family of languages, which includes languages from Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia. Malagasy, a geographic outlier spoken in Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, is also a member of this language family. Although these languages are not necessarily mutually intelligible to any extent, their similarities are often quite apparent. In more conservative languages like Malay, many roots have come with relatively little change from their common ancestor, Proto-Austronesian. There are many cognates found in the languages' words for kinship, health, body parts and common animals. Numbers, especially, show remarkable similarities.
Serdang Malay is closely related to other Malay varieties spoken along the eastern coast of North Sumatra, including Asahan Malay, Batubara Malay, Deli Malay, Langkat Malay, and Tamiang Malay. Collectively, these varieties are classified as the East Sumatran Malay group. The differences between these varieties primarily lie in their phonology and lexicon. Despite these differences, they share a high degree of similarity.
Geographic distribution and usage
Serdang Malay is mainly spoken in areas that were once part of the Serdang Sultanate, including Serdang Bedagai Regency, and eastern part of Deli Serdang Regency. It is also spoken in Tebing Tinggi city, where many Serdang Malays migrants from Serdang Bedagai have settled. It is spoken in areas with significant Malay populations, such as Perbaungan, which was the royal capital of the Serdang Sultanate and the cultural center of the Serdang Malays community, as well as Pantai Cermin and Teluk Mengkudu in Serdang Bedagai Regency, and also Lubuk Pakam, the capital of Deli Serdang Regency. In Tanjung Beringin, especially in the village of Nagur on the southeast coast of the regency, Serdang Malay is spoken by the ethnic Malay who are collectively called Tanjung Beringin Malays, also by Javanese minority. This dialect relies mainly on changing the letter [a] to the letter [o], similar to Batubara Malay, unlike other dialects of Serdang Malay which change to the letter [e].
The use of Serdang Malay in daily life coexists with the languages of migrant communities, such as Banjarese, Javanese, Minangkabau, and Karo. Many Banjar, Karo, and Mandailing people can speak Serdang Malay, and vice versa. In formal education and government, Serdang Malay is no longer used. It remains primarily spoken within families and during traditional ceremonies, while standard Indonesian is used in formal settings. Indonesian, which evolved from Johor-Riau Malay, became the language of instruction in Serdang's formal education system in the early 20th century during the Dutch colonial era. This shift was marked by the establishment of madrasahs, elementary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools, and vocational schools. Many Serdang Malay speakers frequently code-switch or code-mix between Serdang Malay and Indonesian. The growing influence of Indonesian poses a threat to the Serdang Malay community, as younger generations are increasingly reluctant to speak Serdang Malay, and local terms are gradually being replaced by their Indonesian equivalents.
Phonology
References
Bibliography
Agglutinative languages
Languages of Indonesia
Malay dialects
Malayic languages
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79356440
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minecraft%3A%20The%20Manga
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Minecraft: The Manga
|
is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kazuyoshi Seto. It began serialization in Shogakukan's CoroCoro Comic magazine in April 2020. The series is based on the 2011 sandbox game Minecraft.
Publication
The series is based on the 2011 sandbox game Minecraft by Mojang Studios. Written and illustrated by Kazuyoshi Seto. It began serialization in Shogakukan's children's manga magazine CoroCoro Comic on April 15, 2020. The first volume was released on September 28, 2020. As of October 2024, the series has released 10 volumes.
Following the release of the eighth volume of the series and to commemorate its 500,000 sale, the first edition of the eight volume includes a download code for "Sniffer's Slipper" which can be use in the game.
In June 2024, Viz Media announced that they licensed the series for English publication following Minecrafts 15th anniversary. The first volume is set to be published on March 11, 2025.
Volumes
Reception
The series had over 500,000 copies in circulation by October 2023.
Kara Dennison of Otaku USA reviewed the first volume of the manga, stating that despite the manga being aimed for kids, the manga will be appreciated by all ages. She also praised the art style of the manga although she does not consider it to be "high art". Adding that Nico–the protagonist of the manga– is a "fun character".
Notes
References
External links
Adventure anime and manga
Children's manga
Manga based on video games
Minecraft
Shogakukan manga
Viz Media manga
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79356450
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Moczulanka
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Battle of Moczulanka
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The Battle of Moczulanka was an armed clash that took place on November 16, 1943, in the village of Moczulanka, between an Home Army unit and a group of Soviet partisans composed of Poles against a unit of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.
Battle
On November 16, 1943, taking advantage of the absence of the "Bomba" unit in the village, which had set off on an action against the Germans, UPA units numbering about 1,200 men attacked the self-defense center from the east. Heavy fighting lasted the entire day. The balance of forces changed with the return of the "Bomba" unit, which attacked the Ukrainians near Moczulanka, and the attack on the UPA units by Soviet partisans under the command of Captain Kotlarov. The defeated and scattered UPA members lost 54 dead and about 40 wounded. Poles lost dozen killed.
Aftermath
Upa while retreating from Stara Huta, the murdered about 15 Poles in Kolonia Bielczakowska.
References
1943 in Poland
1943 in Ukraine
Battles of the Polish–Ukrainian conflict
History of Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Home Army
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79356452
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timo%20Boers
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Timo Boers
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Timo Boers (born 10 October 2003) is a field hockey player from the Netherlands.
Personal life
Timo Boers was born and raised in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands.
Career
Domestic league
In the Dutch national league, the Hoofdklasse, Boers represents Den Bosch.
Under–21
Boers made his international debut at under–21 level. He made his first appearances for the Netherlands U–21 team in 2023, at the FIH Junior World Cup in Kuala Lumpur. During the tournament he scored three goals, helping the team to a fifth-place finish.
In 2024 he won his first and only medal with the squad, taking home silver at the EuroHockey U–21 Championship in Terrassa.
Oranje
Prior to making his junior international debut, Boers received his first call–up to the Oranje squad. He earned his first senior international cap in June 2023, during a match against India in Eindhoven, during the fourth season of the FIH Pro League.
In 2024 he was officially raised into the senior national squad for the first time.
International goals
The following is a list of goals scored by Boers at international level.
References
External links
2003 births
Living people
Dutch male field hockey players
21st-century Dutch sportsmen
|
79356472
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Believer%20%28Smerz%20album%29
|
Believer (Smerz album)
|
Believer is the debut studio album by Smerz, a Norwegian music duo consisting of Catharina Stoltenberg and Henriette Motzfeldt. It was released on 26 February 2021 through XL Recordings. It received generally favorable reviews from critics.
Background
Believer was produced in various remote cabins in Norway. Some of the album's lyrics were written in the woods. The creation of the album took place while the members Catharina Stoltenberg and Henriette Motzfeldt were completing degrees.
Critical reception
Ethan Reis of Beats Per Minute commented that the album is "less club-oriented than previous releases, instead incorporating more violin and classical instruments to achieve a synthesis of classical and dance music that is occasionally inscrutable." Parker Desautell of PopMatters stated, "Both lyrically and sonically, Believer is a bold, risk-taking LP that charts a wild, uneven course through trance, classical, R&B, and hip-hop." He added, "Sometimes it conjures images of the snowy Norwegian countryside, and other times it drops you squarely on the dancefloor."
Pitchfork included the album's title track, "Believer", on its list of "The Best Progressive Pop Music of 2021".
Track listing
Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.
Catharina Stoltenberg – performance, production, engineering
Henriette Motzfeldt – performance, production, engineering
Peder Mannerfelt – additional production (2), additional mixing (3, 6)
Hallvard Braaten Steinhovden – cello (3, 5, 12)
Lone Meinich – violin (5, 13)
Moa Meinich – violin (5, 13)
Andrea Green Novel – flute (12)
Kasper Marott – additional drum programming (15)
Chris Elms – mixing
Joel Krozer – mastering
Benjamin Barron – art direction, design, cyanotype, photography
Elif Tanman – design
Lotte Lovise Brøndbo – set design, cyanotype
Bror August Vestbø – costume design
Tina Solberg – styling
Frida Stø – woodwork
Vilde Krogsmyr Holberg – woodwork
Jan Khur – lighting assistance
Ingrid Nymoen – cover modeling
References
External links
2021 debut albums
Albums by Norwegian artists
XL Recordings albums
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79356496
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciaran%20Donoghue
|
Ciaran Donoghue
|
Ciaran Donoghue (born 7 January 2003) is an Irish professional rugby union footballer who plays at full-back for Bath Rugby.
Career
He was educated in Somerset at Millfield. He signed a senior academy contract with Bath for the 2021-22 season. He made his debut for the club off the bench in the Premiership Rugby Cup against Gloucester Rugby on 12 November 2021.
Following an injury to Orlando Bailey, he started at fly-half for Bath's Premiership Rugby Cup in the quarterfinal victory against Newcastle Falcons on 28 February 2025.
References
2003 births
Living people
Bath Rugby players
Rugby union fly-halves
Rugby union fullbacks
People educated at Millfield
Irish rugby union players
21st-century Irish sportsmen
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79356517
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%20My%20Country
|
For My Country
|
For My Country () is a 2022 drama film co-written and directed by Rachid Hami and starring Karim Leklou. A co-production between France and Taiwan, it premiered at the 79th edition of the Venice Film Festival.
Plot
Cast
Karim Leklou as Ismaël
as Aïssa Saïdi
Lubna Azabal as Nadia
Samir Guesmi as Adil
Laurent Lafitte as General Caillard
Vivian Sung as Julie
Lyes Salem as Colonel Mohamedi
Slimane Dazi as Brahim
Laurent Capelluto as General Ledoux
as Linda
Hugo Becker as David
Carole Franck as Public Prosecutor
Production
The film was produced by Mizar Films, with France 2 Cinéma and Ma Studio serving as co-producers.
Release
The film had its world premiere at the 79th Venice International Film Festival, in the Horizons sidebar. It was released in French cinemas on 8 February 2023.
Reception
References
External links
2022 drama films
2022 films
French drama films
Taiwanese drama films
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79356555
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn%20%28TV%20series%29
|
Bonn (TV series)
|
Bonn (German: Bonn – Alte Freunde, neue Feinde; lit. "Bonn – Old friends, new enemies") is a six-part German political thriller TV series released in January 2023, directed by Claudia Garde, who is also lead writer. Set in the Federal Republic of Germany in the aftermath of World War II in the 1950s, the series stars Mercedes Müller in the lead role as the young woman Toni. The cast includes Max Riemelt, Sebastian Blomberg, Martin Wuttke, Juergen Maurer, and Johanna Gastdorf.
Synopsis
The story is based on true events. Bonn was the capital of West Germany after the war, and it was in this city that two German secret services, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (headed by Otto John) and the Gehlen Organization (headed by Reinhard Gehlen ) held meetings. The latter included former Nazis, who tried to wield political influence as well as mobilising a secret army as defence against Russia. It is held that German chancellor Konrad Adenauer knew about the aims of the Gehlen Organization but helped to keep it secret, thus facilitating the integration of its members into post-war Germany.
Set in 1954, Toni, a young woman who has spent a year as an au pair in England, returns to her family in Germany and starts working as a translating secretary at the Gehlen Organization, before being approached by the other secret service and asked to work as a secret agent for them.
Cast
Mercedes Müller as Toni Schmidt
Jürgen Maurer as Toni's father, Gerd Schmidt
as Ingrid Schmidt
Katharina Marie Schubert as Else Schmidt
Max Riemelt as Wolfgang Berns
Sebastian Blomberg as Otto John
as Lucie John
Martin Wuttke as Reinhard Gehlen
Sascha Nathan
Johanna Gastdorf as Ursula
Carl Achleitner
Dirk Ossig
Christian Harting
Maike Elena Schmidt
as Hartmut Redlich
as Alois Brunner
Production
The story is based on an idea by Gerrit Hermans, with the screenplay written by Claudia Garde, along with Martin Rehbock and Peter Furrer. Garde also directs the six-part series. The dialogue is mainly in German. The music was composed by Florian Tessloff, and Andreas Köhler was cinematographer.
The series is produced by Philip Voges and Fabian Winkelmann of Odeon Fiction, a Leonine Studios company, in co-production with German broadcaster WDR, who commissioned the series, and Wilma Film for ARD. Leonine is responsible for international sales of Bonn.
Filming took place on locations in the Czech Republic and North Rhine-Westphalia, wrapping in July 2021.
Release
The series premiered on German public network Das Erste. It was shown in double episodes on 17, 18, and 24 January 2023 at prime time. All episodes were made available via the ARD Mediathek (ARD media library) from 11 January.
In addition, a documentary entitled Alte Freunde, neue Feinde – Die Doku ("Old Friends, New Enemies – The Documentary"), along with two other documentary shorts on the period, were available in ARD Mediathek.
The series became available on Netflix on 25 July 2023, and was streamed on SBS On Demand by public broadcaster SBS Television in Australia from 20 September 2023.
Reception
The series was well-reviewed in Germany.
References
External links
2023 German television series debuts
German drama television series
German-language television shows
Das Erste original programming
World War II in popular culture
Television series set in 1954
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79356564
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed%20buildings%20in%20Kirkby%20Malham
|
Listed buildings in Kirkby Malham
|
Kirkby Malham is a civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. It contains twelve listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at GradeI, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at GradeII, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Kirkby Malham and the surrounding area. Most of the listed buildings are in the village, and consist of a church. houses and a telephone kiosk, and away from the village is a milestone.
Key
Buildings
References
Citations
Sources
Lists of listed buildings in North Yorkshire
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79356565
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87iftlikk%C3%B6y%2C%20Milas
|
Çiftlikköy, Milas
|
Çiftlikköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Milas, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population was 492 in 2019.
References
Neighbourhoods in Milas District
|
79356573
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ukurk%C3%B6y%2C%20Milas
|
Çukurköy, Milas
|
Çukurköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Milas, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population was 480 in 2019.
References
Neighbourhoods in Milas District
|
79356576
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%C3%B6y%2C%20Milas
|
Dereköy, Milas
|
Dereköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Milas, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population was 267 in 2019.
References
Neighbourhoods in Milas District
|
79356597
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luca%20Manolache
|
Luca Manolache
|
Luca Manolache (17 May 2005 – 28 February 2025) was a Romanian football midfielder that played for FCSB, Chindia Targoviste and Metaloglobus Bucuresti.
Career
Being a promising youth player with appearances for Romania at junior level, he was soon signed by Romanian giants FCSB, for which he played 1 senior match and several youth matches, before being loaned to Liga II teams to gain experience.
Death
Manolache died from an apparent heart attack on 28 February 2025, at the age of 19. He had been ill for some months prior, with no clear diagnosis, and was not training or playing.
References
2005 births
2025 deaths
Romanian men's footballers
Liga II players
FCSB players
AFC Chindia Târgoviște players
FC Metaloglobus București players
Footballers from Târgoviște
21st-century Romanian sportsmen
|
79356609
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annibal%20Kennedy
|
Annibal Kennedy
|
Annibal Kennedy (born 1965) is an Indian politician from Puducherry. He is a member of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Oupulam Assembly constituency in Puducherry district. He won the 2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election representing the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.
Early life and education
Kennedy is from Puducherry, India. He resides at Sarvarirayalu Street, Puducherry. He is the son of Annibal Victor. He completed his BA in 1990 at Tagore Arts and Sciences college, Puducherry. He is a real estate agent.
Career
He won from Aupulam Assembly constituency representing the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in the 2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election. He polled 13,433 votes and defeated his nearest rival and four time MLA, A. Anbalagan of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, by a margin of 4,780 votes. In the 2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election, he polled 8,503 votes but lost to A. Anbalagan of AIADMK, by a margin of 908 votes.
References
1965 births
Living people
Puducherry MLAs 2021–2026
People from Puducherry district
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians
|
79356636
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tainan%20Municipal%20Syuejia%20District%20Syuejia%20Junior%20High%20School
|
Tainan Municipal Syuejia District Syuejia Junior High School
|
Tainan Municipal Syuejia District Syuejia Junior High School (abbreviated as Syuejia Junior High School) is a municipal junior high school located in Syuejia District, Tainan City, Taiwan.
It was established in 1956 and is the only junior high school in the Syuejia District. Currently, the total number of students enrolled is 228.
History
In 1956, the Syuejia Junior High School branch was established.
In June 1960, it was granted independent status and officially named Tainan County Syuejia Junior High School.
In August 1968, with the nationwide implementation of the nine-year integrated compulsory education, it was renamed Tainan County Syuejia Junior High School.
In August 1973, an affiliated intermediate supplementary school was established and officially began enrolling students. However, due to insufficient student enrollment, the course was discontinued in July 1980.
Campus architecture
The Volleyball Gymnasium of Syuejia Junior High School was constructed in 1998 and equipped with three standard volleyball courts.
It has hosted numerous domestic sports events, and also served as the venue for the indoor volleyball qualification matches for the 2023 National Games.
Former and current principals
References
External links
Schools in Taiwan
High schools
Schools in Asia
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79356650
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulfikar%20Ali%20Khan%20of%20Kamadhia
|
Zulfikar Ali Khan of Kamadhia
|
Sayyid Mir Zulfikar Ali Khan (; 1859-1921) was the 3rd Darbar Sahaib of Kamadhia between 1863 and 1921.
Reign
Zulfikar was born in 1859 as the second son of Jufar Ali Khan and Grandson of Sarfaraz Ali Khan I from a Muslim family lineage. He had an older brother, Amir ud-din Muhammad Khan Bahadur (b. 1841) who died as a minor, hence why he was selected as heir apparent to his father. When his father died in Surat in 1863 at the age of 46, he succeeded him as the ruler at the age of just 4, hence why a Regency was in place until 1880. He firstly went to England to study in 1873 and then studied at the Rajkumar College in Rajkot three years later. During his 58-year reign, Zulfikar experienced an influential and peaceful reign. He attended the Delhi Durbars of 1903 and 1911, and was granted medals on both occasions. His descendants are known as the Darbars of Kamadhia and Scions of the Nawabs of Surat. Eventually he died at the age of 62 in 1921 and was succeeded by his son Sarfaraz Ali Khan II. His 58-year reign was one of the longest reigns in Gujarati history.
Issue
Firstly in 1879, in Ahmedabad, at the age of 20 he married to Khadija Begum Sahiba, eldest daughter of Pirzada Bawa Miyan. His marraige gave him three children.
Sarfaraz Ali Khan II (whom succeeded him in his title)
Jafur Ali Khan (probably named after his grandfather)
Ghulam Khwaja Moin-Uddin Khan (whom succeeded his brother in his titles in 1934)
References
1859 births
1921 deaths
Rajput monarchs
Muslim monarchs
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
People from British India
19th-century Indian monarchs
20th-century Indian monarchs
Indian royalty
Indian Muslims
People from Gujarat
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79356652
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Rubwejanga
|
Frédéric Rubwejanga
|
Bishop Frédéric Rubwejanga O.C.S.O., (born 1931), is a Rwandan Roman Catholic prelate who was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kibungo, Rwanda from 1992 until 2007. He was appointed bishop by Pope John Paul II on 30 March 1992. He was consecrated and installed there on 5 July 1992. He retired as bishop on 28 August 2007. He lives on as Bishop Emeritus of Kibungo, Rwanda. While in retirement, he became a member of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (OCSO).
Background and education
He was born in 1931 in Nyabinyenga Village, Cyabakamyi Sector, Nyanza District, Southern Province, Rwanda. He studied philosophy and theology, before he was ordained a priest in September 1959.
He is reported to hold an advanced degree in spiritual theology from the Catholic University of Louvain awarded in 1990.
Priest
On 20 September 1959 he was ordained a priest at Nyabinyenga, in the Apostolic Vicariate of Kabgayi. He served in that capacity until March 1992. At the time that he was appointed bishop, he served as a professor of theology at the Nyakibanda Major Seminary near Butare.
Bishop
On 30 March 1992, Pope John Paul II appointed Reverend Father Frédéric Rubwejanga as Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kibungo in Rwanda. He was consecrated and installed at Kibungo, in the Diocese of Kibungo on 5 July 1992. The Principal Consecrator was Jozef Cardinal Tomko, Cardinal-Deacon of Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola assisted by Archbishop Vincent Nsengiyumva, Archbishop of Kigali, and Bishop Joseph Sibomana, Bishop Emeritus of Kibungo.
On 28 August 2007, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the age-related resignation from the pastoral care of the diocese of Kibungo in Rwanda that was presented by Bishop Frédéric Rubwejanga. The Holy Father Pope Benedict XVI the same day, appointed Bishop Kizito Bahujimihigo, until that time the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ruhengeri as the new Ordinary of Kibungo Catholic Diocese in Rwanda.
While in retirement as Bishop Emeritus of Kibungo, Rwanda, Bishop Frédéric Rubwejanga, took vows professing to be a member of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance, (O.C.S.O.), on 1 November 2010, when he was three months shy of 80 years of age.
See also
Catholic Church in Rwanda
References
Succession table
External links
New Bishop for Kibungo Diocese As of 31 October 2007.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Kibungo
Presentation of Diocese of Kibungo
1931 births
Living people
Bishops appointed by Pope John Paul II
Rwandan Roman Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic bishops of Kibungo
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Rwanda
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Rwanda
Academic staff of Nyakibanda Major Seminary
Université catholique de Louvain alumni
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79356702
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Academy%20Exhibition%20of%201822
|
Royal Academy Exhibition of 1822
|
The Royal Academy Exhibition of 1822 was the annual Summer Exhibition of the Royal Academy of Arts. It was held at Somerset House between 6 May and 13 July 1822 and featured over a thousand exhibits.
By far the most popular attraction on display was Chelsea Pensioners Reading the Waterloo Dispatch by the Scottish artist David Wilkie. Commissioned by the Duke of Wellington and having taken several years to complete, it required a railing to be erected to hold back the crowds.
The President of the Royal Academy Thomas Lawrence exhibited several works notably his Portrait of George IV in his coronation robes as well as Emily Anderson as Little Red Riding Hood. Also on display were his depictions of the Duke of Wellington of the Russian general Portrait of Mikhail Vorontsov. His painting of the fashionable Irish aristocrat Portrait of the Countess of Blessington was widely praised. His fellow portrait painter William Beechey's Victoria, Duchess of Kent with Princess Victoria showed the future Queen Victoria as a child with her mother.
J.M.W. Turner submitted only a single work What You Will! a homage to the style of the French painter Jean-Antoine Watteau. John Constable's chief exhibit was the landscape View on the Stour near Dedham, one of his "six-footers" featuring a rural view on the River Stour in Suffolk. As with the The Hay Wain at the Exhibition of 1821, this attracted limited interest only to achieve great success once it appeared at the Salon of 1824 in France. Augustus Wall Callcott displayed Smugglers Alarmed, a mixture of landscape and genre work.
Gallery
See also
Salon of 1822, a contemporary exhibition held at the Louvre in Paris
References
Bibliography
Lipska, Aneta. The Travel Writings of Marguerite Blessington: The Most Gorgeous Lady on the Tour. Anthem Press, 2017.
Murphy, Deirdre. The Young Victoria. Yale University Press, 2019.
Noon, Patrick & Bann, Stephen. Constable to Delacroix: British Art and the French Romantics. Tate, 2003.
Reynolds, Graham. Constable's England. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1983.
Tromans, Nicholas. David Wilkie: The People's Painter. Edinburgh University Press, 2007.
Arts in the United Kingdom
1820s in London
1822 in England
Art exhibitions in London
Royal Academy
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79356776
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikumo%20Iwara
|
Mikumo Iwara
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The is an archaeological site with a Yayoi period burial mound located in the city of Itoshima, Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site in 2017.
Overview
The site is located on a low terrace between the Kawahara River to the east and the Zuibaiji River to the west. It covers an area of 1,500 meters north-to-south and 750 meters east-to-west, with a total area of about 60 hectares including the residential and burial areas.
The was discovered during the Edo period. The book "Ryuen Koki Ryakko" (written in 1822 by Aoyagi Tanenobu, a samurai of Fukuoka Domain), records the discovery of a jar burial in which two huge pottery vessels with a diameter of more than 60-centimeters and height of more than 90-centimeters, joined at their mouths. One medium-thin bronze sword with a handle, one medium-thin bronze spear, and one small jar with red inlay were excavated from outside the coffin, and one thin bronze spear, one medium-thin bronze spear, more than 35 bronze mirrors, eight glass bi, three glass magatama, and 60 glass tubular beads were excavated from inside the coffin.. The location of these grave goods is now unknown, but one bronze mirror and one bronze sword have been located at the temple of Shōfuku-ji Temple in Hakata, and are now collectively designated as a National Important Cultural Properties. The bronze mirror dates from the Western Han dynasty and is of the heavy circle or Flower mirror style. The diameter of this mirror is 16.4 centimeters.
In 1975, some 150 years after the first discovery, an archaeological excavation was conducted by the Fukuoka Prefectural Board of Education at the Mikumo Minamikōji, and a second jar coffin was discovered. This was also an unprecedentedly large coffin, 120-centimeters high and 90-centimeters in diameter, buried with its mouths together. Although it appeared to have been robbed, remaining grave goods included more than 22 bronze mirrors, one jasper magatama, two glass magatama, two glass tube beads, and one glass pendant. In addition, fragments of the first jar coffin, many fragments of bronze mirrors from grave goods, and glass shards were also excavated, as well as a gilded copper four-leaf zaguar (a copper wooden coffin ornament, presented by a Han emperor upon the death of a person who was a "king") was excavated. All of the bronze mirrors were made in Western Han dynasty, and the earthenware of the coffins was dated to the 3rd century AD.
During this excavation, part of a circumferential ditch that is thought to have surrounded the two jar coffins was also discovered, and it is believed that the jar coffins were buried in a single square -style burial mound measuring 32 meters east-to-west and 31 meters north-to-south. Due to the luxurious grave goods, size of the burial mound, and location, it is believed that this site is the grave of a king of Itokoku, one of the countries in Wa-koku, which appears in Chinese historical books such as Wajinden.
In terms of the residential area, pit dwellings from the first half of the Early Yayoi period were discovered in the , which continued into the Kofun period. Three large ditches were excavated in the southeastern part of the site in the middle Yayoi period, and are thought to have served to separate the settlement from the burial area, but they were all buried between the end of the Yayoi period and the beginning of the Kofun period. The in the center of the site is considered to be one of the central areas of the Mikumo-Ibara site, as pit dwellings were continuously built from the early to late Yayoi period. A large amount of pottery pieces were excavated in this area; along with Yayoi pottery earthenware from the continent was found, indicating trade with the Asian continent.
The ruins have now been backfilled but an explanatory board has been installed and some of the excavated items are on display at the nearby Itokoku History Museum.
See also
List of Historic Sites of Japan (Fukuoka)
References
External links
Cultural Properties in Fukuoka Prefecture
Itoshima City home page
Yayoi period
History of Fukuoka Prefecture
Itoshima, Fukuoka
Historic Sites of Japan
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79356780
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco%20Stante
|
Francesco Stante
|
Francesco Stante (born 19 January 2005) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for Serie C club Pergolettese, on loan from Serie A club Inter Milan.
Club career
Stante started his career in the youth academy of Inter Milan.
On 1 August 2024, Stante made his first professional move, joining Serie C club Pergolettese on a season long loan.
International career
Stante is an Italy youth international. He has played with the under-17, under-18, and under-19 teams.
References
External links
2005 births
Footballers from the Metropolitan City of Milan
Living people
Men's association football defenders
Italian men's footballers
Italy men's youth international footballers
Inter Milan players
US Pergolettese 1932 players
Serie C players
21st-century Italian sportsmen
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79356785
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolger
|
Ross Bolger
|
Ross Bolger is an Irish American Football player. Previously a Gaelic footballer, he played college football for the Idaho State Bengals. In February 2025, he was announced as joining the NFL's International Player Pathway scheme.
Early life
He is from Killeshin in County Laois. He completed his undergraduate degree at Dublin City University and a Masters degree in Communications from Idaho State University, in the United States.
Career
He was a Laois under-20 Gaelic football player who was also previously a rugby union player for Carlow RFC. Bolger took a two-year scholarship with Division One American football university team Idaho State Bengals in 2023, where he played as both a Kicker and a Punter.
In February 2025, he was announced as joining the NFL's International Player Pathway scheme. That month, he participated in the NFL Combine.
Personal life
He is the son of former-Leinster GAA chairman and 2020 GAA presidential candidate, and Carlow chairman Jim Bolger.
References
Living people
American football placekickers
Idaho State Bengals football players
Year of birth missing (living people)
Sportspeople from County Laois
Irish players of American football
International Player Pathway Program participants
Irish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate players of American football
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79356788
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto%20City%20Museum%20of%20Archaeology
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Matsumoto City Museum of Archaeology
|
opened in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, Japan in 1986, superseding and replacing Nakayama Kōkokan, which opened in Nakayama Elementary School in 1931. The collection and displays relate to the archaeology of the area, including Jōmon pottery and a doban from the Eriana Site and Haji pottery, weapons, bronze mirrors, and glass beads from Kōbōyama Kofun.
See also
Nagano Prefectural Museum of History
Ogasawara clan castle sites
Japan Ukiyo-e Museum
Matsumoto Kaidō
References
External links
Homepage
Matsumoto, Nagano
Museums in Nagano Prefecture
Archaeological museums in Japan
Museums established in 1986
1986 establishments in Japan
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79356790
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%202123
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 2123
|
United Nations Security Council resolution 2123 was adopted in 2013.
See also
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2101 to 2200 (2013–2015)
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
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79356791
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chawk%20Mosque
|
Chawk Mosque
|
Chawk Mosque may refer to:
Chawk Mosque, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Chawk Mosque, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India
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79356813
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziza%20Mint%20Jiddou
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Aziza Mint Jiddou
|
Aziza Mint Jiddou is a Mauritanian politician.
Biography
Mint Jiddou is a Mauritanian Member of Parliament, elected by the electoral district of Nouadhibou during the 2023 Mauritanian parliamentary elections. She is a member of the National Rally for Reform and Development party, also known as Tawāṣṣul.
She works as Technical Adviser to the Minister of the Ministère des Pêches et de l'Economie Maritime (Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Economy). In 2023, Mint Jiddou raised how there has been a violation of laws relating to the nationalization of the fishing sector and issues with the supply of drinking water in Boulenouar, during a speech in the Mauritanian Parliament.
Mint Jiddou has also called for the opening of a multidisciplinary university in Nouadhibou.
References
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Mauritanian women politicians
Mauritanian women in politics
Mauritanian Muslims
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79356854
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidates%20of%20the%201921%20Western%20Australian%20state%20election
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Candidates of the 1921 Western Australian state election
|
The 1921 Western Australian state election was held on 12 March 1921.
Retiring Members
Nationalist
Thomas Duff (MLA) Claremont
John Veryard (MLA) Leederville
Robert Pilkington (MLA) Perth
William Nairn (MLA) Swan
Country
James Gardiner (MLA) Irwin
Harry Griffiths (MLA) York
Legislative Assembly
Sitting members are shown in bold text. Successful candidates are highlighted in the relevant colour. Where there is possible confusion, an asterisk (*) is also used.
See also
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, 1917–1921
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, 1921–1924
Results of the 1921 Western Australian state election (Legislative Assembly)
1921 Western Australian state election
References
Candidates for Western Australian state elections
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79356868
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20%C3%97%20rosea
|
Nymphaea × rosea
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Nymphaea × rosea is a complex waterlily hybrid of unclear identity and taxonomic status. It is said to be an artificial hybrid of Nymphaea lotus, Nymphaea pubescens, and Nymphaea rubra occurring in Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Nymphaea × rosea is a perennial, aquatic, rhizomatous herb with large, bronze red to bronze green, petiolate, 35 cm long, and 32 cm wide leaves. The petiole is pubescent.
Generative characteristics
The pink to rose, nocturnal, fragrant or inodorous flowers are up to 18 cm wide. The androecium consists of 50–80 stamens. The gynoecium consists of 16–20 carpels. The ellipsoid seeds bear pink longitudinal ridges.
Taxonomy
It was first published as Nymphaea rubra var. rosea by John Sims in 1811. It was treated as a separate hybrid Nymphaea × rosea by Robert Sweet in 1826. It is an artificial hybrid of Nymphaea lotus, Nymphaea pubescens, and Nymphaea rubra. Sometimes, only Sweet is credited as the taxon author. Some sources treat it as a synonym of Nymphaea rubra , or of Nymphaea pubescens It is placed in the subgenus Nymphaea subg. Lotos.
Etymology
The hybrid name rosea means rose-coloured or rose-like.
Distribution
It occurs in Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Use
It is used in water gardens.
References
rosea
Plants described in 1826
Flora of Asia
Hybrid plants
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79356875
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamsher%20Ghar
|
Shamsher Ghar
|
Shmsher Ghar (Pashto: شمشير غار) is an archeological cave site in southern Kandahar, Afghanistan. It is located about 15 miles west of Kandahar City and 3.5 miles northeast of Panjwayi District.
Geography
The elevation of Shamsher Ghar is 1193 meters, around 100 meters above Arghndab River. The nearest village is Badwan Kalay (Village of Badwan).
Shamsher Ghar has five chambers: the first 11 is meters long, second is 17 meters long, and the other three are the same as the first one.
History
According to Louis Dupree's investigation in 1951, the site was created in Pliocene period. He claims that evidence of humans in this cave dates to approximately 2000 years ago and continued till 1222, when the Mongol Empire captured Afghanistan.
Based on historical background there were three main periods of human civilizations in Shamsher Ghar:
First Kushan Period: This was started in 100 BC and continued for two centuries.
Second Kushan Period: Started in 100 AD and ended in 300. This period is identified by some metals.
Third Kushan Period: Started in 300 AD and extended for four centuries. This is identified with some ancient paintings.
Muslim Conquest Era: Started after 700 and ended with Mongol domination.
References
Archaeological sites in Afghanistan
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79356882
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaaf-Yang%20syndrome
|
Schaaf-Yang syndrome
|
Schaaf-Yang syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by a heterozygous mutation in a paternal-expressed gene MAGEL2. Main signs of this disorder are: Intellectual disability/Developmental Delay, autism spectrum disorder, hypogonadism, hypotonia in infancy with feeding problems and distal arthrogryposis. Facial features are: short noses, dense eyebrows and protruding jaw.
Symptoms
Symptoms of this disease are:
Very frequent
Facial shape abnormality
Undescended testis
Feeding problems
Hypotonia
Flexion contracture
Delay of Neurodevelopment
Frequent
Visceral obesity
Temper tantrums
Eye problems
Lack of pubertal development
Unusual behaviour
Autistic behaviour
Chronic constipation
External genital hypoplasia
Borderline/Mild Intellectual disability
Kyphosis
Scoliosis
Sleep apnea
Squint eye
Temperature regulation problems
Failure to thrive
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Hypogonadism
Enlargment of сerebral ventricles
Occasional
Almond-shaped eyes
Atrial septal defect
Hypothyroidism
Central sleep apnea
Downturned corners of mouth
Thin nasal bridge
Thin upper lip
Seizure
Abnormal dryness of the mouth
Type II diabetes
Cause
The cause of this disease are mutation in a gene MAGEL2 which is located on chromosome 15(15q11.2) and that gene is expressed from paternal chromosome 15 and methylated on maternal chromosome 15. The MAGEL2 is a part of regulatory complex MUST,which consist of MAGEL2-USP7-TRIM27. This complex regulates WASH complex which function is to promotes endosomal actin polymerization. 50% of people with SYS inherited mutation from their father and remainder are de novo mutation (which means that mutation is new and none of the parents have it).
MAGEL2-regulated WASH complex is important for the regulated secretion in the hypothalamus. MAGEL2 mutation causes decreased secretion of hormones, such as: oxytocin, AVP, somatostatin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and decreased growth hormone and luteinizing hormone. Loss of that protein also showed neuronal activity loss in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of mice is suppressed, by disruptions of neuronal activity and changes in the synaptic excitation/inhibition balance through AMPA receptor trafficking defects.
Diagnosis
SYS can be suspected by symptoms and subsequently can be diagnosed by genetic testing.
Treatment
SYS doesn't have a cure. Although symptomatic managment is available, It might be effective but it still doesn't alleviate overall impact of SYS, which leaves caregivers unsatisfied.
Prognosis
Life expectancy of person with SYS can be reduced due to fatal complication. Survival into adulthood is possible and oldest patient with SYS is 36 years olds (at the time of article's publication).
History
The first mention SYS-like symptoms was described by Chitayat et al. (1990). Although the name was coined by Christian P Schaaf and Yaping Yang, who described SYS in details in 2013.
Prevalence
The prevalnce of SYS is < 1/1,000,000. Currently, it is estimated that about 250 people are diagnosed with SYS.
References
Genetic diseases and disorders
Rare genetic syndromes
Genetic syndromes
Eating disorders
Intersex variations
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79356902
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charbhuja%20Nath%20Temple
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Charbhuja Nath Temple
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Charbhujanath Temple is an ancient Hindu temple located in the city of Bundi, located in Rajasthan, India. Dedicated to Charbhujanath, a four-armed form of Hindu major deity Vishnu, the temple is east facing and known for its historical significance and spiritual atmosphere. It is an important religious site for devotees in Bundi district. Thousands of Devotees visit here on Krishna Janmashtami and Phagotsav. 'Phagotsav' is a kind of celebration organized here at the time of festival of Holi from last 500 years.
Location
The temple is situated at the Tilak Chowk place located in old city of Bundi. It is about 1.5 kilometers away from District H.Q.
History
According to locals it is said that this temple was a Shiva temple, built before 1242 AD and known as Ksharaneshwar Mahadev temple. After this, in 1569 AD Hada Chauhan King Rao Raja Surjan Singh installed the idol of Charbhuja from Ranthambore Fort of Sawai Madhopur here in this temple and the old idol of Shiva was placed in the Mandap outside the temple. According to locals it is said that in a dream of King Rao Raja Surjan Singh, Charbhuja Nath himself ordered him to place the idol in this temple.
Architecture
The temple is an example of Hindu architecture, featuring intricate carvings and traditional design elements. The idol of Charbhuja Nath, depicting Vishnu with four arms, is adorned with ornaments. The temple premises include a Garbhagriha and an open courtyard where devotees gather for prayers and rituals.
Festivals and Rituals
The temple is a hub of religious activities, with Janmashtami and Holi being major celebrations. Devotees also visit on Ekadashi and other auspicious occasions dedicated to Vishnu. Daily Arti and Bhajan are performed here. According to the Priest of the temple, 10-day long Phagotsav, a kind of celebration at the time of festival of Holi is celebrated with flower petals and Gulal and thousand of devotees visits here during this celebration.
Maintenance Issues
According to the locals the temple building has not repaired for a long time. The walls inside the temple have turned black due to rain water dripping. The officials have been informed about the possibility of the roof collapsing, but no one has taken any action so far. However, in 2024 the Government of Rajasthan announced to develop the Charbhuja Nath temple as a pilgrimage site and development work will be started.
See also
Malan Masi Balaji Temple
Charbhuja
References
Hindu temples in Rajasthan
Bundi district
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