var _; //globals

/* This section uses a functional extension known as Underscore.js - http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/
     "Underscore is a utility-belt library for JavaScript that provides a lot of the functional programming support
      that you would expect in Prototype.js (or Ruby), but without extending any of the built-in JavaScript objects.
      It's the tie to go along with jQuery's tux."
 */
describe("About Higher Order Functions", function () {

  it("should use filter to return array items that meet a criteria", function () {
    var numbers = [1,2,3];
    var odd = _(numbers).filter(function (x) { return x % 2 !== 0 });
    
    expect(odd).toEqual(FILL_ME_IN);
    expect(odd.length).toBe(FILL_ME_IN);
    expect(numbers.length).toBe(FILL_ME_IN);
  });
    
  it("should use 'map' to transform each element", function () {
    var numbers = [1, 2, 3];
    var numbersPlus1 = _(numbers).map(function(x) { return x + 1 });
    
    expect(numbersPlus1).toEqual(FILL_ME_IN);
    expect(numbers).toEqual(FILL_ME_IN);
  });
    
  it("should use 'reduce' to update the same result on each iteration", function () {
    var numbers = [1, 2, 3];
    var reduction = _(numbers).reduce(
      function(memo, x) {
        //note: memo is the result from last call, and x is the current number
        return memo + x;
      }, 
      /* initial */ 0
    );
    
    expect(reduction).toBe(FILL_ME_IN);
    expect(numbers).toEqual(FILL_ME_IN);
  });
    
  it("should use 'forEach' for simple iteration", function () {
    var numbers = [1,2,3];
    var msg = "";
    var isEven = function (item) {
      msg += (item % 2) === 0;
    };

    _(numbers).forEach(isEven);
    
    expect(msg).toEqual(FILL_ME_IN);
    expect(numbers).toEqual(FILL_ME_IN);
  });
    
  it("should use 'all' to test whether all items pass condition", function () {
    var onlyEven = [2,4,6];
    var mixedBag = [2,4,5,6];

    var isEven = function(x) { return x % 2 === 0 };

    expect(_(onlyEven).all(isEven)).toBe(FILL_ME_IN);
    expect(_(mixedBag).all(isEven)).toBe(FILL_ME_IN);
  });
    
  it("should use 'any' to test if any items passes condition" , function () {
    var onlyEven = [2,4,6];
    var mixedBag = [2,4,5,6];

    var isEven = function(x) { return x % 2 === 0 };

    expect(_(onlyEven).any(isEven)).toBe(FILL_ME_IN);
    expect(_(mixedBag).any(isEven)).toBe(FILL_ME_IN);
  });

  it("should use range to generate an array", function() {
    expect(_.range(3)).toEqual(FILL_ME_IN);
    expect(_.range(1, 4)).toEqual(FILL_ME_IN);
    expect(_.range(0, -4, -1)).toEqual(FILL_ME_IN);
  });

  it("should use flatten to make nested arrays easy to work with", function() {
    expect(_([ [1, 2], [3, 4] ]).flatten()).toEqual(FILL_ME_IN);
  });

  it("should use chain() ... .value() to use multiple higher order functions", function() {
    var result = _([ [0, 1], 2 ]).chain()
                     .flatten()
                     .map(function(x) { return x+1 } )
                     .reduce(function (sum, x) { return sum + x })
                     .value();

    expect(result).toEqual(FILL_ME_IN);
  });

});


@@ -673,34 +673,29 @@
 dd).toEqual(
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 );%0A    expec
@@ -709,34 +709,25 @@
 ength).toBe(
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@@ -745,34 +745,25 @@
 ength).toBe(
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@@ -961,34 +961,31 @@
 s1).toEqual(
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@@ -999,34 +999,31 @@
 rs).toEqual(
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@@ -1375,34 +1375,25 @@
 ction).toBe(
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@@ -1407,34 +1407,31 @@
 rs).toEqual(
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 );%0A  %7D);%0A   
@@ -1672,34 +1672,40 @@
 sg).toEqual(
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 );%0A    expec
@@ -1719,34 +1719,31 @@
 rs).toEqual(
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 );%0A  %7D);%0A   
@@ -1974,34 +1974,28 @@
 Even)).toBe(
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@@ -2022,34 +2022,29 @@
 Even)).toBe(
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@@ -2273,34 +2273,28 @@
 Even)).toBe(
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@@ -2325,26 +2325,20 @@
 )).toBe(
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@@ -2425,34 +2425,31 @@
 3)).toEqual(
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@@ -2469,34 +2469,31 @@
 4)).toEqual(
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@@ -2518,34 +2518,36 @@
 1)).toEqual(
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@@ -2672,34 +2672,33 @@
 ()).toEqual(
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 );%0A  %7D);%0A%0A  
@@ -3046,18 +3046,9 @@
 ual(
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+6
 );%0A 

Fix AboutHigherOrderFunctions.js