<p>Warning up front - I am neither an expert in housing, nor in census data whatsoever.</p>
<p>It's an interesting question though. My conclusion is that it is almost entirely a result of changes in data collection procedures. While there may be other forces (again, completely lacking housing expertise), it seems very unlikely that the rate rises and falls so quickly.</p>
<p>There are two PDF's from census.gov I used to come to that conclusion.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/qtr220/impact_coronavirus_20q2.pdf" rel="noreferrer">Impact Coronavirus</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/qtr321/source_21q3.pdf" rel="noreferrer">Q3 2021</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Essentially all I did was read them, but here is a quick summary that explains why I came to that conclusion:</p>
<p>Usually, there are in person interviews conducted:</p>
<ul>
<li>The Census Bureau suspended in-person interviews for the CPS/HVS on March 20th, 2020.</li>
<li>The suspension of in-person interviews affected the entirety of the data collection period for the second quarter.</li>
<li>There is a potential for the suspension of in-person interviews to disproportionately affect the response rates of renters versus homeowners: the effects on the CPS/HVS estimates would be a lower estimate of the number of rental households, a higher estimate of the number of homeowner households, and a higher estimate of the homeownership rate.</li>
</ul>
<p>Drop in response rate:</p>
<ul>
<li>The overall response rate for the second quarter of 2020 was 67 percent. This is approximately 12 percentage points lower than the 79 percent response rate for the first quarter of 2020.</li>
<li>During the first quarter of 2020, the monthly response rates were 82 percent in January, 83 percent in February, and 73 percent in March. During March, the suspensions started, which explains the significantly lower rate in this month as well.
The table below shows some more detail. The month in sample is a result of the way the data is collected from sampled housing units - which is for a total of 8 months.<br />
<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/ZuzQD.png" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/ZuzQD.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></li>
</ul>
<p>In-person interviews show a lower share of homeowners and a higher share of renters than the other modes. <br>
<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/Ir18x.png" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/Ir18x.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a> <br>
All else equal, without in- person interviews, you will almost surely have an upward bias in the homeownership rate.</p>
<p>Moreover, the CPS/HVS weights do not include a non-response component to correct for potential effects.</p>
<p>Looking at the latest data, it seems the rate is back to where it was before. How come? Well, I think it is fairly obvious this is a function of in-person interviews (or lack of). I made a quick comparison of the pct of sample cases where personal visits were allowed with the homeownership rate.
<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/gZAaN.png" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/gZAaN.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>Once the rate was back to (close to) 100%, the value before and &quot;after&quot; Covid is essentially identical (65.3 vs 65.4 - ignoring that there will be some seasonality I would suspect). Nonetheless, I guess it is safe to say that Covid did not prevent people from buying homes. Other interpretations / explanations like working remotely due to the pandemic having shifted preferences for housing, record low mortgage rates, or spending the money not spent on entertainment, eating out, travelling and the like seem very implausible in my opinion.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-01-01T09:34:29.893Z
Thank you, this is helpful! +1
Richard Hardy
CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-01-01T17:21:41.913Z
@RichardHardy if the answer answered your question please consider also accepting it
1muflon1
CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-01-01T21:18:09.663Z
@1muflon1, I am considering it, thank you.
Richard Hardy
CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-02-03T21:20:29.227Z
Newest data is out and same picture.
AKdemy
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-12-31T17:38:18.850Z
2021-12-31T17:38:18.850Z
AKdemy
<p>Noah Smith's blog post <a href="https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/yes-most-americans-own-capital" rel="nofollow noreferrer">&quot;Yes, most Americans own capital&quot;</a> states</p>
<blockquote>
<p>A majority of American households — consistently a little less than 2/3 — are homeowners:</p>
</blockquote>
<p>and follows that up with a <a href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RHORUSQ156N" rel="nofollow noreferrer">figure</a>:</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/u81ke.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/u81ke.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>I find the year 2020 rather curious. There is a sharp, large jump in home ownership from just above 65% to just under 68%. And there is an equally large drop right afterwards. Nothing of the sort has been observed since mid 1960s (this is how far into the past the graph goes).</p>
<p>How could this be explained? Did a significant fraction of Americans rush and buy (first) homes just when the pandemic hit, and then the same or another fraction decided to sell and rent instead of owning? Or is there another reason for the spike?</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-12-30T22:45:09.980Z
Did a significant fraction of Americans rush and buy (first) homes just when the pandemic hit - yes. But not everyone lives in single family homes, so it's not like it's a 1-1 replacement. Some people own multiple homes, some were under construction or already on the market.
RegressForward
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-12-31T06:43:26.427Z
@RegressForward, but then immediately afterwards they changed their mind or another group of the population felt the urge to sell and become tenants. What sense does all that make and how to explain the magnitude of the spike?
Richard Hardy
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-12-31T09:40:08.993Z
Lots of factors combined. The U.S. Census Bureau changed how it conducts the interviews used to produce the homeownership report due to the coronavirus pandemic. census.gov/housing/hvs/files/qtr220/impact_coronavirus_20q2.pdf  insofar, measurement errors are certainly contributing to the spike as well. The response rate for the survey was 12 percentage points lower in the second quarter as compared with the first quarter for example.
AKdemy
<united-states><housing>
A large spike in home ownership in the U.S. in 2020: why?
Richard Hardy
# A large spike in home ownership in the U.S. in 2020: why?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2021-12-30)

Noah Smith's blog post ["Yes, most Americans own capital"](https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/yes-most-americans-own-capital) states

> A majority of American households — consistently a little less than 2/3 — are homeowners:

and follows that up with a [figure](https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RHORUSQ156N):

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/u81ke.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/u81ke.png)

I find the year 2020 rather curious. There is a sharp, large jump in home ownership from just above 65% to just under 68%. And there is an equally large drop right afterwards. Nothing of the sort has been observed since mid 1960s (this is how far into the past the graph goes).

How could this be explained? Did a significant fraction of Americans rush and buy (first) homes just when the pandemic hit, and then the same or another fraction decided to sell and rent instead of owning? Or is there another reason for the spike?

**Tags:** united-states, housing
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Did a significant fraction of Americans rush and buy (first) homes just when the pandemic hit - yes. But not everyone lives in single family homes, so it's not like it's a 1-1 replacement. Some people own multiple homes, some were under construction or already on the market.  
> **username_0**: @RegressForward, but then immediately afterwards they changed their mind or another group of the population felt the urge to sell and become tenants. What sense does all that make and how to explain the magnitude of the spike?  
> **username_2**: Lots of factors combined. The U.S. Census Bureau changed how it conducts the interviews used to produce the homeownership report due to the coronavirus pandemic. census.gov/housing/hvs/files/qtr220/impact_coronavirus_20q2.pdf  insofar, measurement errors are certainly contributing to the spike as well. The response rate for the survey was 12 percentage points lower in the second quarter as compared with the first quarter for example.  

---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2021-12-31. Score: 6 | Accepted answer

Warning up front - I am neither an expert in housing, nor in census data whatsoever.

It's an interesting question though. My conclusion is that it is almost entirely a result of changes in data collection procedures. While there may be other forces (again, completely lacking housing expertise), it seems very unlikely that the rate rises and falls so quickly.

There are two PDF's from census.gov I used to come to that conclusion.

* [Impact Coronavirus](https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/qtr220/impact_coronavirus_20q2.pdf)
* [Q3 2021](https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/qtr321/source_21q3.pdf).

Essentially all I did was read them, but here is a quick summary that explains why I came to that conclusion:

Usually, there are in person interviews conducted:

* The Census Bureau suspended in-person interviews for the CPS/HVS on March 20th, 2020.
* The suspension of in-person interviews affected the entirety of the data collection period for the second quarter.
* There is a potential for the suspension of in-person interviews to disproportionately affect the response rates of renters versus homeowners: the effects on the CPS/HVS estimates would be a lower estimate of the number of rental households, a higher estimate of the number of homeowner households, and a higher estimate of the homeownership rate.

Drop in response rate:

* The overall response rate for the second quarter of 2020 was 67 percent. This is approximately 12 percentage points lower than the 79 percent response rate for the first quarter of 2020.
* During the first quarter of 2020, the monthly response rates were 82 percent in January, 83 percent in February, and 73 percent in March. During March, the suspensions started, which explains the significantly lower rate in this month as well.
  The table below shows some more detail. The month in sample is a result of the way the data is collected from sampled housing units - which is for a total of 8 months.  
  [![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/ZuzQD.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/ZuzQD.png)

In-person interviews show a lower share of homeowners and a higher share of renters than the other modes.   
[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/Ir18x.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/Ir18x.png)   
All else equal, without in- person interviews, you will almost surely have an upward bias in the homeownership rate.

Moreover, the CPS/HVS weights do not include a non-response component to correct for potential effects.

Looking at the latest data, it seems the rate is back to where it was before. How come? Well, I think it is fairly obvious this is a function of in-person interviews (or lack of). I made a quick comparison of the pct of sample cases where personal visits were allowed with the homeownership rate.
[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/gZAaN.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/gZAaN.png)

Once the rate was back to (close to) 100%, the value before and "after" Covid is essentially identical (65.3 vs 65.4 - ignoring that there will be some seasonality I would suspect). Nonetheless, I guess it is safe to say that Covid did not prevent people from buying homes. Other interpretations / explanations like working remotely due to the pandemic having shifted preferences for housing, record low mortgage rates, or spending the money not spent on entertainment, eating out, travelling and the like seem very implausible in my opinion.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Thank you, this is helpful! +1  
> **username_3**: @RichardHardy if the answer answered your question please consider also accepting it  
> **username_0**: @1muflon1, I am considering it, thank you.  
> **username_2**: Newest data is out and same picture.  

---

