<p>The word technology might have slightly different meaning depending on a field. For example, Varian in his Microeconomic analysis (3ed) calls the whole production function technology. He literally writes on a first page of his book:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The simplest and most way to describe technology of a firm is the <strong>production function</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p>However, in macroeconomics it is often equated to the <span class="math-container">$A$</span> parameter (see Romer Advanced Macroeconomics chapter 1 where technology growth and growth of <span class="math-container">$A$</span> for Cobb-Douglass function is used interchangeably throughout the chapter and also elsewhere in the book).</p>
<p>In the broader (Varian Meaning) you can consider alpha and beta parameters to be part of technology or determined by available  technology (since whole production function is by definition in the Varian meaning determined by technology) but they are not technologies themselves per se (just their component). Rather they are output elasticities and in addition their sum tells you if there are increasing, decreasing or constant returns to scale, but technological progress does not necessarily mean that firms production will have different returns to scale or that output elasticity increases or changes in any way. Also, note these are virtually always considered to be constants.</p>
<p>In the macroeconomic sense they are not technology and the technology would be solely captured by <span class="math-container">$A$</span>. In macro sense the <span class="math-container">$L^{\alpha}K^{\beta}$</span> would be some sort of ‘vanilla’ production which is then augmented by technology parameter <span class="math-container">$A$</span> (which could by the way also enter in a way that would augment only labor (<span class="math-container">$(AL)^{\alpha}K^{\beta}$</span>) or only capital (<span class="math-container">$L^{\alpha}(AK)^{\beta}$</span>) or also both (<span class="math-container">$AL^{\alpha}K^{\beta}$</span>)).</p>
<p>So depending on which subfield you look at the terminology will differ, but I can’t recall ever seeing in the literature someone claiming that alpha and beta are the technology, at best you can argue they are determined by technology. Also depending on which field you specialize in you will want to follow the preferred terminology in the literature.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-16T13:59:13.410Z
2020-12-16T13:59:13.410Z
1muflon1
<p>Does it not follow that if capital is better performing than labor it would be used more frequently? What exactly does parameter A actually mean, then?</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-16T13:23:17.210Z
In crude terms $A$ in $Y=AL^\alpha K^\beta$ captures impact of *quality* whereas $\alpha, \beta$ will capture impact of *quantity*. Two different production units with same $\alpha, \beta$ and same quantity of $L, K$ employed can have different output if, say, the workers in one factory are more skilled (or the machines/tools are more advanced) - i.e., higher $A$..
Dayne
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-16T13:31:30.997Z
A being a general parameter of quality is then the average of the parameters of quality for both L and K? Still, do alpha & beta not capture the ideas sufficiently (since their sum is equal to 1, the addend that is more efficient will be greater than 0.5) @Dayne
Alumi
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-16T13:35:13.133Z
$\alpha>\beta$ simply means that an extra unit of labor contributes more than an extra unit of capital. So in *relative* terms $L$ is better than $K$ but $A$ allows you to compare capture improvement within one (or both) factor(s).
Dayne
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-16T13:40:33.677Z
Why is it so that α>β  means that an extra unit of labor contributes more than an extra unit of capital? Why would an economy use more of a factor that is less efficient?
Alumi
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-16T14:20:15.083Z
because of the declining marginal product for both factors.
Dayne
<macroeconomics><cobb-douglas>
Isn't the parameter A denoting technological progress from Cobb-Douglas already included in alpha and beta?
Alumi
# Isn't the parameter A denoting technological progress from Cobb-Douglas already included in alpha and beta?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2020-12-16)

Does it not follow that if capital is better performing than labor it would be used more frequently? What exactly does parameter A actually mean, then?

**Tags:** macroeconomics, cobb-douglas
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: In crude terms $A$ in $Y=AL^\alpha K^\beta$ captures impact of *quality* whereas $\alpha, \beta$ will capture impact of *quantity*. Two different production units with same $\alpha, \beta$ and same quantity of $L, K$ employed can have different output if, say, the workers in one factory are more skilled (or the machines/tools are more advanced) - i.e., higher $A$..  
> **username_0**: A being a general parameter of quality is then the average of the parameters of quality for both L and K? Still, do alpha & beta not capture the ideas sufficiently (since their sum is equal to 1, the addend that is more efficient will be greater than 0.5) @Dayne  
> **username_1**: $\alpha>\beta$ simply means that an extra unit of labor contributes more than an extra unit of capital. So in *relative* terms $L$ is better than $K$ but $A$ allows you to compare capture improvement within one (or both) factor(s).  
> **username_0**: Why is it so that α>β  means that an extra unit of labor contributes more than an extra unit of capital? Why would an economy use more of a factor that is less efficient?  
> **username_1**: because of the declining marginal product for both factors.  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2020-12-16. Score: 0 | Accepted answer

The word technology might have slightly different meaning depending on a field. For example, Varian in his Microeconomic analysis (3ed) calls the whole production function technology. He literally writes on a first page of his book:

> The simplest and most way to describe technology of a firm is the **production function**

However, in macroeconomics it is often equated to the $A$ parameter (see Romer Advanced Macroeconomics chapter 1 where technology growth and growth of $A$ for Cobb-Douglass function is used interchangeably throughout the chapter and also elsewhere in the book).

In the broader (Varian Meaning) you can consider alpha and beta parameters to be part of technology or determined by available technology (since whole production function is by definition in the Varian meaning determined by technology) but they are not technologies themselves per se (just their component). Rather they are output elasticities and in addition their sum tells you if there are increasing, decreasing or constant returns to scale, but technological progress does not necessarily mean that firms production will have different returns to scale or that output elasticity increases or changes in any way. Also, note these are virtually always considered to be constants.

In the macroeconomic sense they are not technology and the technology would be solely captured by $A$. In macro sense the $L^{\alpha}K^{\beta}$ would be some sort of ‘vanilla’ production which is then augmented by technology parameter $A$ (which could by the way also enter in a way that would augment only labor ($(AL)^{\alpha}K^{\beta}$) or only capital ($L^{\alpha}(AK)^{\beta}$) or also both ($AL^{\alpha}K^{\beta}$)).

So depending on which subfield you look at the terminology will differ, but I can’t recall ever seeing in the literature someone claiming that alpha and beta are the technology, at best you can argue they are determined by technology. Also depending on which field you specialize in you will want to follow the preferred terminology in the literature.


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