<p>Using the standard IS-LM framework also used in Khan Academy videos the demand for loanable funds can be expressed as (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40325422?seq=4" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Fields &amp; Hart 2003</a>):</p>
<p><span class="math-container">$$LF^d_t = i_{t+1}(r)  + (g_{t+1} - t_{t+1})  $$</span></p>
<p>where <span class="math-container">$i$</span> is the investment spending, <span class="math-container">$g$</span> government spending and <span class="math-container">$t$</span> lump sum taxes. The subscripts are there for future because agents are forward looking you can ignore them if you want to integrate them into undergraduate level analysis shown in Khan Academy. The supply of LF can be described by:</p>
<p><span class="math-container">$$LF^s_t = s_{t}  + \left(\frac{M^s_{t}}{P_{t}} - \frac{M^d_{t}(P,y^*,r)}{P_{t}} \right)$$</span></p>
<p>Where <span class="math-container">$s$</span> is the saving level <span class="math-container">$M^s$</span> is money supply and <span class="math-container">$M^d$</span> money demand and <span class="math-container">$P$</span> price level.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>What effect would a change in the demand of money have on the supply and demand of loanable funds</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Positive or negative changes in money demand do not affect loanable funds demand directly we are moving along the loanable funds demand curve (as price of funds changes) but there is no shift in demand for loanable funds (the quantity demanded will be changed though but that is depended on shift in supply).</p>
<p>Positive (negative) change in <span class="math-container">$M^d$</span> will cause supply of LF shift to the left (right). So the new intersection will be with less (more) equilibrium quantity of loanable funds and higher (lower) interest rate.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>What effect would a change in the money supply have on the supply and demand of loanable funds?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Again no shift in <span class="math-container">$LF^d$</span> we are still moving up and down <em>along</em> <span class="math-container">$LF^d$</span> depending on what happens to <span class="math-container">$LF^s$</span>.</p>
<p>Positive (negative) money supply change would shift <span class="math-container">$LF^s$</span> to the right (left) leading lower (higher) <span class="math-container">$r$</span> and higher (lower) equilibrium quantity of LF.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Why does the money market use NOMINAL interest rates as a measure of price, yet the LF market uses REAL interest rates as a measure of price?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Its a stylistic choice, you can use real interest rate in money market as well. For example, <a href="http://faculty.washington.edu/ezivot/econ301/301l7_4.htm" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this</a> random lecture note about money market uses the real rate. I also seen different textbooks introducing this market with real rate although admittedly its more rare than having nominal rate there.  Both real and nominal interest rates are connected through Fisher equation <span class="math-container">$r\approx i -\pi$</span> with some small adjustment you can rewrite any model that has real interest rate in terms of nominal interest rate and vice versa. I suppose most textbooks choose to use nominal interest rates because money market is used to explain central bank's intervention and central banks can only <em>directly</em> set nominal interest rates. I suppose that could be the reason for the stylistic choice, there are no surveys of textbook authors on this issue.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-12T12:13:55.320Z
2023-01-12T12:13:55.320Z
1muflon1
<p>I am studying economics with <a href="https://www.khanacademy.org/" rel="noreferrer">Khan Academy</a> and came across these 2 articles on</p>
<p><a href="https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/macroeconomics/monetary-system-topic/macro-the-money-market/a/the-money-market?modal=1" rel="noreferrer">The money market</a> and</p>
<p><a href="https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/macroeconomics/monetary-system-topic/macro-the-market-for-loanable-funds/a/the-market-for-loanable-funds?modal=1" rel="noreferrer">The loanable funds market</a>.</p>
<p>(LF = Loanable funds)</p>
<p>Now, clearly these 2 systems must be related, right? After all, loanable funds <em>are</em> money. More formally expressed, a change in one of the curves in the money market should should change the curves in the LF market as well, right? So,</p>
<ol>
<li><p><strong>What effect would a change in the demand of money have on the supply and demand of loanable funds?</strong> I hypothesize that an increase (decrease) in the demand curve for money decreases (increases) the supply curve for LF: If savers want more money in their pockets (demand for money), they want less in the banks (less supply of LF), but I do not know if this is correct.</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>What effect would a change in the money supply have on the supply and demand of loanable funds?</strong> I can only guess that the real interest rate will stay the same. (??)</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>What effect would a change in the money supply have on the REAL interest rate?</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>Why does the money market use NOMINAL interest rates as a measure of price, yet the LF market uses REAL interest rates as a measure of price?</strong></p>
</li>
</ol>

<money-supply><money>
What is the connection between the money market and loanable funds market?
pjq42
# What is the connection between the money market and loanable funds market?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2022-07-08)

I am studying economics with [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/) and came across these 2 articles on

[The money market](https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/macroeconomics/monetary-system-topic/macro-the-money-market/a/the-money-market?modal=1) and

[The loanable funds market](https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/macroeconomics/monetary-system-topic/macro-the-market-for-loanable-funds/a/the-market-for-loanable-funds?modal=1).

(LF = Loanable funds)

Now, clearly these 2 systems must be related, right? After all, loanable funds *are* money. More formally expressed, a change in one of the curves in the money market should should change the curves in the LF market as well, right? So,

1. **What effect would a change in the demand of money have on the supply and demand of loanable funds?** I hypothesize that an increase (decrease) in the demand curve for money decreases (increases) the supply curve for LF: If savers want more money in their pockets (demand for money), they want less in the banks (less supply of LF), but I do not know if this is correct.
2. **What effect would a change in the money supply have on the supply and demand of loanable funds?** I can only guess that the real interest rate will stay the same. (??)
3. **What effect would a change in the money supply have on the REAL interest rate?**
4. **Why does the money market use NOMINAL interest rates as a measure of price, yet the LF market uses REAL interest rates as a measure of price?**

**Tags:** money-supply, money

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2023-01-12. Score: 3

Using the standard IS-LM framework also used in Khan Academy videos the demand for loanable funds can be expressed as ([Fields & Hart 2003](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40325422?seq=4)):

$$LF^d\_t = i\_{t+1}(r) + (g\_{t+1} - t\_{t+1}) $$

where $i$ is the investment spending, $g$ government spending and $t$ lump sum taxes. The subscripts are there for future because agents are forward looking you can ignore them if you want to integrate them into undergraduate level analysis shown in Khan Academy. The supply of LF can be described by:

$$LF^s\_t = s\_{t} + \left(\frac{M^s\_{t}}{P\_{t}} - \frac{M^d\_{t}(P,y^\*,r)}{P\_{t}} \right)$$

Where $s$ is the saving level $M^s$ is money supply and $M^d$ money demand and $P$ price level.

> What effect would a change in the demand of money have on the supply and demand of loanable funds

Positive or negative changes in money demand do not affect loanable funds demand directly we are moving along the loanable funds demand curve (as price of funds changes) but there is no shift in demand for loanable funds (the quantity demanded will be changed though but that is depended on shift in supply).

Positive (negative) change in $M^d$ will cause supply of LF shift to the left (right). So the new intersection will be with less (more) equilibrium quantity of loanable funds and higher (lower) interest rate.

> What effect would a change in the money supply have on the supply and demand of loanable funds?

Again no shift in $LF^d$ we are still moving up and down *along* $LF^d$ depending on what happens to $LF^s$.

Positive (negative) money supply change would shift $LF^s$ to the right (left) leading lower (higher) $r$ and higher (lower) equilibrium quantity of LF.

> Why does the money market use NOMINAL interest rates as a measure of price, yet the LF market uses REAL interest rates as a measure of price?

Its a stylistic choice, you can use real interest rate in money market as well. For example, [this](http://faculty.washington.edu/ezivot/econ301/301l7_4.htm) random lecture note about money market uses the real rate. I also seen different textbooks introducing this market with real rate although admittedly its more rare than having nominal rate there. Both real and nominal interest rates are connected through Fisher equation $r\approx i -\pi$ with some small adjustment you can rewrite any model that has real interest rate in terms of nominal interest rate and vice versa. I suppose most textbooks choose to use nominal interest rates because money market is used to explain central bank's intervention and central banks can only *directly* set nominal interest rates. I suppose that could be the reason for the stylistic choice, there are no surveys of textbook authors on this issue.


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