<p><a href="https://www.mcafee.cc/Papers/PDF/Concentration.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Hendricks and McAfee (2007)</a> offer a theory of <strong>bilateral oligopoly</strong>. They consider the example of the wholesale gasoline market on the west coast of the United States, which is composed of a small number of large sellers and large buyers who compete against each other in the downstream retail market. They are specifically interested in the effect of a merger of vertically integrated firms on the whole sale and retail markets. They discuss price and cost formation. They also offer a review of the literature.</p>
<p>The extreme case is <strong>bilateral monopoly</strong> with one buyer and one seller. Tirole's <a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262200714/the-theory-of-industrial-organization" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Industrial Organization</a>  textbook (pp. 21-25) offers a nice discussion of how this market works and in particular price behavior under bargaining and contracting.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-03-18T16:13:59.473Z
2022-11-04T12:29:21.997Z
2022-11-04T12:29:21.997Z
emeryville
<p>Yes, that is correct. In an oligopoly there are many buyers and few sellers, so buyers are more passive when it comes to prices. The few suppliers can also engage in price discrimination because there are many buyers with a higher demand level for a given good. However, you are correct in that what you described is a bilateral oligopoly. You can relate this to the fact that the few buyers have NEGOTIATING POWER. For example, Boeing is a large purchaser of jet engines, so they do have negotiating power over the three major jet engine suppliers because they are one of the few consumers in the market place. That’s how I personally relate the idea and commit it to memory. </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2018-03-18T15:59:41.473Z
Thanks for confirmation, but I still don't see how such market works. How are prices formed, for example?
KarmaPeasant
CC BY-SA 3.0
2018-03-18T16:50:43.190Z
For example, Boeing can directly negotiate with the three major jet makers. They can say, “hey we are willing to buy at this price”, and the three major makers can bid essentially (taking quality out of the equation), whereas in a normal oligopoly the consumer has very limited (if any) negotiating  power, and less than in a competitive market. Think “the power of negotiation” in this scenario.
Simeon Ikudabo
CC BY-SA 3.0
2018-03-18T15:51:15.907Z
2018-03-18T15:51:15.907Z
Simeon Ikudabo
<p>If I understand it right, correct term for such situation is bilateral oligopoly.</p>

<microeconomics><oligopoly>
How does market work when there are few buyers and few sellers at the same market?
KarmaPeasant
# How does market work when there are few buyers and few sellers at the same market?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2018-03-18)

If I understand it right, correct term for such situation is bilateral oligopoly.

**Tags:** microeconomics, oligopoly

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## 2 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2018-03-18. Score: 2 | Accepted answer

[Hendricks and McAfee (2007)](https://www.mcafee.cc/Papers/PDF/Concentration.pdf) offer a theory of **bilateral oligopoly**. They consider the example of the wholesale gasoline market on the west coast of the United States, which is composed of a small number of large sellers and large buyers who compete against each other in the downstream retail market. They are specifically interested in the effect of a merger of vertically integrated firms on the whole sale and retail markets. They discuss price and cost formation. They also offer a review of the literature.

The extreme case is **bilateral monopoly** with one buyer and one seller. Tirole's [Industrial Organization](https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262200714/the-theory-of-industrial-organization) textbook (pp. 21-25) offers a nice discussion of how this market works and in particular price behavior under bargaining and contracting.


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### Answer by username_2 on 2018-03-18. Score: 0

Yes, that is correct. In an oligopoly there are many buyers and few sellers, so buyers are more passive when it comes to prices. The few suppliers can also engage in price discrimination because there are many buyers with a higher demand level for a given good. However, you are correct in that what you described is a bilateral oligopoly. You can relate this to the fact that the few buyers have NEGOTIATING POWER. For example, Boeing is a large purchaser of jet engines, so they do have negotiating power over the three major jet engine suppliers because they are one of the few consumers in the market place. That’s how I personally relate the idea and commit it to memory.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Thanks for confirmation, but I still don't see how such market works. How are prices formed, for example?  
> **username_2**: For example, Boeing can directly negotiate with the three major jet makers. They can say, “hey we are willing to buy at this price”, and the three major makers can bid essentially (taking quality out of the equation), whereas in a normal oligopoly the consumer has very limited (if any) negotiating  power, and less than in a competitive market. Think “the power of negotiation” in this scenario.  

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