<p>Consumers rarely have to pay the full price of petrol / gasoline. That's true in most of the world, and the US is no exception. There are explicit subsidies and favourable tax regimes in many extraction countries; and of course there are the implicit subsidies in the unpriced pollution - oil's externalities.</p>

<p>Those explicit and implicit subsidies have been there for decades: and consequently, oil products are hugely over-used, compared to the alternatives: that's a direct consequence of oil being a product with demand that's not perfectly inelastic - indeed, <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0144164042000181725" rel="nofollow">estimates of long-term price elasticity of demand for petrol are of a figure around -0.6 or so</a>. That means that oil is embedded in large quantities in the supply chains for very many products.</p>

<p>The larger the historic subsidies, the bigger the impact of changes in subsidy levels to the price of other goods and services. And the poorer the population, the bigger the impact. That's why you see a bigger impact in Indonesia than in the US.</p>

<p>Now, although in the long run removing some of the subsidies will correct some of those imbalances, that will require capital reallocation and some industrial restructuring, all of which takes time.</p>

<p>And although in the long run, rising prices of some products, in the absence of rising wages, will choke off demand for other products, leaving inflation at no net change, the short-term effect of rising oil prices is to raise the costs in a significant part of the supply chain for a lot of goods and services, given an instant boost to inflation. </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-07T14:56:03.107Z
To what extent is useful to subsidize oil? If subsidizing 20% of it's price is helping the economy, then subsidizing 40% is helping even more? Is the subsidy larger than the amount paid in royalties?
Joe Jobs
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-07T14:59:41.850Z
@JoeJobs It's very harmful to subsidise oil. The higher the subsidy, the higher the harm. If you want to ask a specific question, then here is the right place to ask about the economics of it, and [sustainability.se] is the place to ask about any aspect.
410 gone
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-07T15:45:13.173Z
Thanks and sorry for asking, that wasn't very clear in your answer. You were using neutral words (impact/imbalance) instead of more clear ones (harmful, negative, worse).
Joe Jobs
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-03-30T03:04:01.433Z
Interesting about the overuse compared to alternatives. Do you have a source on that? I might add it to my reading list.
Jamzy
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-03-30T11:13:18.897Z
It doesn't seem that Indonesia has a more energy intensive economy than the USA does: http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/3.8
BKay
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-03-30T01:56:47.520Z
2015-03-30T11:18:01.567Z
2015-03-30T11:18:01.567Z
410 gone
<p>Depends on some factors:</p>

<ul>
<li>A. Who pays the subsidy tax (depends on corruption)</li>
<li>B. Corruption</li>
<li>C. Cutting taxes (or not) after reducing the subsidy.</li>
</ul>

<p>A. If the (most of the) money for the subsidy tax is collected from the people with big revenues (from the rich), then the rich pay for cheaper fuel, helping the poor people to get cheaper commodities (food, clothes, etc). And that's not bad at all. And then, cutting the subsidy makes the food more expensive and that has a negative impact on the many.</p>

<p>But if the money for the subsidy is collected from the average citizen and and from the poor, then the poor will pay for slightly cheaper food <em>but also</em> for cheaper fuel for the rich who want to enjoy car/airplane trips for pleasure. Because not all the subsidized fuel is used for transporting commodities - a part of it is used for personal cars/taxi/airplane for enjoying a good time. That means that not all the money paid in subsidy return in cheaper food for the many. In this case, cutting the subsidy (and subsequently reducing the tax for the subsidy — (C.)) will have a beneficial effect—the average citizen will not pay a tax that doesn't return entirely back to him.</p>

<p>B. Example: Brian Jones has to pay \$10 US in fuel subsidy tax. The owner of the truck transporting the food from the producer to the supermarket will pay \$10 less in fuel expenses (say \$90 instead of \$100). The supermarket will get the food for \$10 less and it will sell with \$10 less. Brian Jones goes to the supermarket and buys all that food for \$10 less. In the end, Brian Jones pays \$10 but he gets \$10 back. So if the average citizen pays the subsidy then, in the best case, there is no benefit at all.</p>

<p>The problem is:</p>

<ul>
<li><p>Not all the subsidized fuel is used for transporting basic goods. Therefore only a part of the subsidy will return in cheaper goods.</p></li>
<li><p>The distribution company and the supermarket won't price the products for 10 \$US less. Instead of providing cheaper goods/services, they will increase their profits. They will make all that food just 5 \$US cheaper or even for just 1 \$US cheaper, and the rest of 5 \$US or 9 \$US will be used to increase their profits. </p></li>
</ul>

<p>If the government is corrupt, the Competition Council will not do it's job and it will allow this. That's what happens in most of the poor and corrupt countries.</p>

<p>In a country with a corrupt government, the food will be more expensive than say in France, even with free fuel. Because the small producers can't sell directly to the consumer—they have to sell to monopolies/cartels/mafias of distribution companies or supermarkets that artificially inflate the prices.</p>

<p>For example a man from Philippines working in Denmark told me that most of the food is two or three times more expensive in Philippines than in Denmark. Even rice is much more expensive, although the country is a rice exporter. Also the fuel is more expensive. This is by far the biggest impact of corruption on the people everywhere in this world - consumers get overpriced goods.</p>

<p>To have an idea, in Spain a kilogram of rice costs <a href="http://countrystats.wikia.com/wiki/Price_of_commodities_in_Spain" rel="nofollow noreferrer">0.65 Euro, a kilogram of sugar - 0.65 Euro, a liter of sunflower oil - 1.20 Euro</a>. In Indonesia should be much cheaper because the workers wages are much lower. But most likely it's not cheaper, maybe it's even more expensive to buy such things.</p>

<p>Considering all the above, now we can give the short answer:</p>

<ul>
<li>The government reduces a subsidy paid by the rich and that increase the price of food. OR</li>
<li>The government reduces a subsidy paid by the poor, that increases the price of the food, but the government doesn't return the subsidy to the poor in tax cuts (no subsidy, no tax for subsidy). OR</li>
<li>The government reduces a subsidy paid by the poor, returns the money to the poor by cutting their taxes, but in the same time it allows the cartels/monopoly to further artificially increase the price of the food, and then blames the reducing of fuel subsidy for increasing the food price.</li>
</ul>

<p>So in the end this is all about corruption. Cutting the subsidy serves just as an excuse. The negative effect comes because of the corruption not because of reducing subsidies.</p>

<p>I think however that such questions better fit on a Q&amp;A site about corruption/society than on a site about economy.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2015-08-08T12:58:19.887Z
2019-12-27T14:01:39.007Z
2019-12-27T14:01:39.007Z
Joe Jobs
<p>In Indonesia, petrol/gasoline price is regulated by the government and historically it is heavily subsidized. I know, economists typically consider fuel subsidy to be <a href="http://freakonomics.com/2013/08/06/fuel-subsidies-the-worlds-dumbest-transportation-policy/" rel="nofollow">a bad policy</a>, for many reasons, including: it appears to disproportionately favor the wealthy who have more cars.</p>

<p>However, in Indonesia, fuel price seems to strongly affects other prices in general. I mean, when the government tries to reduce subsidy and increase the price, we will see prices of everyday stuff like food increase significantly. So, some people say increasing fuel price actually affect the poor the worst, because they barely have enough money to buy basic needs. The effect is so bad that such attempts to reduce subsidy are usually met with big protests by the general population. </p>

<p>Some source:</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-06-21/indonesia-raises-subsidized-fuel-prices-amid-riots" rel="nofollow">Jakarta Calm After Subsidized Fuel Prices Are Increased</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/indonesia-inflation-jumps/1563672.html" rel="nofollow">Indonesia inflation jumps after fuel price hike</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.irinnews.org/report/79469/indonesia-poor-hit-hard-as-fuel-prices-rise" rel="nofollow">INDONESIA: Poor hit hard as fuel prices rise</a>.</li>
</ul>

<p>I've lived in other countries where fuel price is determined by market and fluctuate freely (like say the US), but I don't see such phenomenon (e.g. grocery prices don't noticeably increase as much when gas price increase). Why?</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-03-30T06:04:21.257Z
Supply push inflation
Kamster
<fiscal-policy><energy-economics>
In Indonesia, reducing fuel subsidy strongly impacts the price of everyday goods. Why?
user69715
# In Indonesia, reducing fuel subsidy strongly impacts the price of everyday goods. Why?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2015-03-30)

In Indonesia, petrol/gasoline price is regulated by the government and historically it is heavily subsidized. I know, economists typically consider fuel subsidy to be [a bad policy](http://freakonomics.com/2013/08/06/fuel-subsidies-the-worlds-dumbest-transportation-policy/), for many reasons, including: it appears to disproportionately favor the wealthy who have more cars.

However, in Indonesia, fuel price seems to strongly affects other prices in general. I mean, when the government tries to reduce subsidy and increase the price, we will see prices of everyday stuff like food increase significantly. So, some people say increasing fuel price actually affect the poor the worst, because they barely have enough money to buy basic needs. The effect is so bad that such attempts to reduce subsidy are usually met with big protests by the general population.

Some source:

* [Jakarta Calm After Subsidized Fuel Prices Are Increased](http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-06-21/indonesia-raises-subsidized-fuel-prices-amid-riots)
* [Indonesia inflation jumps after fuel price hike](http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/indonesia-inflation-jumps/1563672.html)
* [INDONESIA: Poor hit hard as fuel prices rise](http://www.irinnews.org/report/79469/indonesia-poor-hit-hard-as-fuel-prices-rise).

I've lived in other countries where fuel price is determined by market and fluctuate freely (like say the US), but I don't see such phenomenon (e.g. grocery prices don't noticeably increase as much when gas price increase). Why?

**Tags:** fiscal-policy, energy-economics
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Supply push inflation  

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2015-03-30. Score: 5

Consumers rarely have to pay the full price of petrol / gasoline. That's true in most of the world, and the US is no exception. There are explicit subsidies and favourable tax regimes in many extraction countries; and of course there are the implicit subsidies in the unpriced pollution - oil's externalities.

Those explicit and implicit subsidies have been there for decades: and consequently, oil products are hugely over-used, compared to the alternatives: that's a direct consequence of oil being a product with demand that's not perfectly inelastic - indeed, [estimates of long-term price elasticity of demand for petrol are of a figure around -0.6 or so](http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0144164042000181725). That means that oil is embedded in large quantities in the supply chains for very many products.

The larger the historic subsidies, the bigger the impact of changes in subsidy levels to the price of other goods and services. And the poorer the population, the bigger the impact. That's why you see a bigger impact in Indonesia than in the US.

Now, although in the long run removing some of the subsidies will correct some of those imbalances, that will require capital reallocation and some industrial restructuring, all of which takes time.

And although in the long run, rising prices of some products, in the absence of rising wages, will choke off demand for other products, leaving inflation at no net change, the short-term effect of rising oil prices is to raise the costs in a significant part of the supply chain for a lot of goods and services, given an instant boost to inflation.

> **Comments:**
> **username_4**: Interesting about the overuse compared to alternatives. Do you have a source on that? I might add it to my reading list.  
> **username_5**: It doesn't seem that Indonesia has a more energy intensive economy than the USA does: http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/3.8  
> **username_3**: To what extent is useful to subsidize oil? If subsidizing 20% of it's price is helping the economy, then subsidizing 40% is helping even more? Is the subsidy larger than the amount paid in royalties?  
> **username_2**: @JoeJobs It's very harmful to subsidise oil. The higher the subsidy, the higher the harm. If you want to ask a specific question, then here is the right place to ask about the economics of it, and [sustainability.se] is the place to ask about any aspect.  
> **username_3**: Thanks and sorry for asking, that wasn't very clear in your answer. You were using neutral words (impact/imbalance) instead of more clear ones (harmful, negative, worse).  

---

### Answer by username_3 on 2015-08-08. Score: 1

Depends on some factors:

* A. Who pays the subsidy tax (depends on corruption)
* B. Corruption
* C. Cutting taxes (or not) after reducing the subsidy.

A. If the (most of the) money for the subsidy tax is collected from the people with big revenues (from the rich), then the rich pay for cheaper fuel, helping the poor people to get cheaper commodities (food, clothes, etc). And that's not bad at all. And then, cutting the subsidy makes the food more expensive and that has a negative impact on the many.

But if the money for the subsidy is collected from the average citizen and and from the poor, then the poor will pay for slightly cheaper food *but also* for cheaper fuel for the rich who want to enjoy car/airplane trips for pleasure. Because not all the subsidized fuel is used for transporting commodities - a part of it is used for personal cars/taxi/airplane for enjoying a good time. That means that not all the money paid in subsidy return in cheaper food for the many. In this case, cutting the subsidy (and subsequently reducing the tax for the subsidy — (C.)) will have a beneficial effect—the average citizen will not pay a tax that doesn't return entirely back to him.

B. Example: Brian Jones has to pay \$10 US in fuel subsidy tax. The owner of the truck transporting the food from the producer to the supermarket will pay \$10 less in fuel expenses (say \$90 instead of \$100). The supermarket will get the food for \$10 less and it will sell with \$10 less. Brian Jones goes to the supermarket and buys all that food for \$10 less. In the end, Brian Jones pays \$10 but he gets \$10 back. So if the average citizen pays the subsidy then, in the best case, there is no benefit at all.

The problem is:

* Not all the subsidized fuel is used for transporting basic goods. Therefore only a part of the subsidy will return in cheaper goods.
* The distribution company and the supermarket won't price the products for 10 \$US less. Instead of providing cheaper goods/services, they will increase their profits. They will make all that food just 5 \$US cheaper or even for just 1 \$US cheaper, and the rest of 5 \$US or 9 \$US will be used to increase their profits.

If the government is corrupt, the Competition Council will not do it's job and it will allow this. That's what happens in most of the poor and corrupt countries.

In a country with a corrupt government, the food will be more expensive than say in France, even with free fuel. Because the small producers can't sell directly to the consumer—they have to sell to monopolies/cartels/mafias of distribution companies or supermarkets that artificially inflate the prices.

For example a man from Philippines working in Denmark told me that most of the food is two or three times more expensive in Philippines than in Denmark. Even rice is much more expensive, although the country is a rice exporter. Also the fuel is more expensive. This is by far the biggest impact of corruption on the people everywhere in this world - consumers get overpriced goods.

To have an idea, in Spain a kilogram of rice costs [0.65 Euro, a kilogram of sugar - 0.65 Euro, a liter of sunflower oil - 1.20 Euro](http://countrystats.wikia.com/wiki/Price_of_commodities_in_Spain). In Indonesia should be much cheaper because the workers wages are much lower. But most likely it's not cheaper, maybe it's even more expensive to buy such things.

Considering all the above, now we can give the short answer:

* The government reduces a subsidy paid by the rich and that increase the price of food. OR
* The government reduces a subsidy paid by the poor, that increases the price of the food, but the government doesn't return the subsidy to the poor in tax cuts (no subsidy, no tax for subsidy). OR
* The government reduces a subsidy paid by the poor, returns the money to the poor by cutting their taxes, but in the same time it allows the cartels/monopoly to further artificially increase the price of the food, and then blames the reducing of fuel subsidy for increasing the food price.

So in the end this is all about corruption. Cutting the subsidy serves just as an excuse. The negative effect comes because of the corruption not because of reducing subsidies.

I think however that such questions better fit on a Q&A site about corruption/society than on a site about economy.


---

