<p>A "true" labour market shortage as defined by no labour at any price has probably never occurred. Let me argue why:</p>

<ul>
<li><p>Who defines the any price? There is always a price (wage) someone is willing to <strong>accept</strong> to move to a certain location, or to perform a job that does not match own preferences, or for which training is willing to be carried out in order to be able to perform that task/job. This is, <strong>there is always a non-infinite price at which you could fill a post</strong>. In the example of the Black Death, I am absolutely sure that if you were able to offer a price to Chinese workers to go to Europe they would have done so. As such, using <strong>your definition</strong> of shortage, no, it was not a shortage.</p></li>
<li><p>The key factor is then not the supply of workers but the <strong>demand for workers</strong>. In other words, why is not a given post filled in? It is because the employer <strong>is not willing to pay</strong> the price at which someone would fill up the position. So, returning to the Black Death example, there was "a shortage" only because employers (farm owners, mostly) were not willing to pay high enough wages to motivate enough people to migrate to Europe.</p></li>
</ul>

<p>My bottom line is that your extreme definiton of labour market shortage as a "no price" market is too extreme, and a more useful, albeit subjective definition is based on a <strong>relative</strong> perspective. Nothing else than out demand and supply paradigm. </p>

<p><strong>Note</strong>: in a simple demand and supply graph for the labour market, do not forget that there is somewhere to the right another line which represents the "total employment" available. Although we usually represent this as perfectly inelastic, in fact, this line is also endogenous to the wage level. That is how you can incorporate <strong>immigration</strong> to the model. Under this view, the actual "total" supply is never inelastic. As such, <strong>there is always a positive, non-infinite price</strong> at which you can command workers into a job.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-16T13:33:24.853Z
2016-08-16T13:33:24.853Z
luchonacho
<p>That very narrow definition of labour shortage, <em>"when no labor is available for a task at any price"</em>, is rarely used, because it's a very rare phenomenon. Market forces kick in, raising prices sharply enough to suppress even relatively inelastic demand, long before the shortage becomes absolute. So the phrase is much more commonly used to mean that there is a temporary constriction in supply of a particular type of labour, usually leading to a large, rapid increase in its remuneration. Hence, when you hear the phrase, that's much more likely to be the intended meaning.</p>

<p>However, in the very narrow definition, the <a href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2013/10/economic-history-1" rel="noreferrer">canonical example given</a> is usually that of many trades in Western Europe, after outbreaks of the Black Death in the Fourteenth Century had halved the population.</p>

<p>However, even that example is problematic, as the evidence is that <a href="https://theconversation.com/no-the-black-death-did-not-create-more-jobs-for-women-25298" rel="noreferrer">women were largely prevented from taking men's jobs</a>, so the shortage was as much about culture as about physical limits:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Labour scarcity should have opened up opportunities for females, but the regulations only added to their geographical and occupational immobility,</p>
</blockquote>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-15T14:02:26.923Z
After the Black Death, authorities (typically land owners) introduced maximum wages and restrictions on movement of men, designed to prevent wages rising to market-clearing levels and with the effect of labour shortages in several areas.
Henry
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-15T15:22:36.280Z
@Henry Those restrictions often didn't work, as the first of my links shows. And it probably varied a lot by country.
410 gone
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-15T05:49:08.143Z
2016-08-15T05:49:08.143Z
410 gone
<p>A true labor shortage is when no labor is available for a task at any price. Surely this occurs all of the time if you consider markets that don't exist or could never exist, but has this ever happened otherwise?</p>

<p>Has there ever been a situation where a particular type of labor existed, and then dissapeared, leading to a situation where none of the labor in that sector was available at any price?</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-15T14:08:15.530Z
You might imagine small specialist trades where a failure to train new entrants to the trade meant that a disruption led to the skill being  completely lost: take for example the manufacture of [Damascus steel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_steel) where there is a market for modern imitations since the original cannot be produced
Henry
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-15T14:10:48.810Z
Or imagine a country with military conscription where the trade you are interested in is not protected from having its workers sent into the armed forces.  Or a profession where there are required qualifications but insufficient people hold them.
Henry
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-15T20:29:40.940Z
Damscus steel is the best answer
D J Sims
<microeconomics>
Has a market labor shortage ever occurred?
D J Sims
# Has a market labor shortage ever occurred?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-08-15)

A true labor shortage is when no labor is available for a task at any price. Surely this occurs all of the time if you consider markets that don't exist or could never exist, but has this ever happened otherwise?

Has there ever been a situation where a particular type of labor existed, and then dissapeared, leading to a situation where none of the labor in that sector was available at any price?

**Tags:** microeconomics
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: You might imagine small specialist trades where a failure to train new entrants to the trade meant that a disruption led to the skill being  completely lost: take for example the manufacture of [Damascus steel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_steel) where there is a market for modern imitations since the original cannot be produced  
> **username_1**: Or imagine a country with military conscription where the trade you are interested in is not protected from having its workers sent into the armed forces.  Or a profession where there are required qualifications but insufficient people hold them.  
> **username_0**: Damscus steel is the best answer  

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2016-08-15. Score: 6 | Accepted answer

That very narrow definition of labour shortage, *"when no labor is available for a task at any price"*, is rarely used, because it's a very rare phenomenon. Market forces kick in, raising prices sharply enough to suppress even relatively inelastic demand, long before the shortage becomes absolute. So the phrase is much more commonly used to mean that there is a temporary constriction in supply of a particular type of labour, usually leading to a large, rapid increase in its remuneration. Hence, when you hear the phrase, that's much more likely to be the intended meaning.

However, in the very narrow definition, the [canonical example given](http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2013/10/economic-history-1) is usually that of many trades in Western Europe, after outbreaks of the Black Death in the Fourteenth Century had halved the population.

However, even that example is problematic, as the evidence is that [women were largely prevented from taking men's jobs](https://theconversation.com/no-the-black-death-did-not-create-more-jobs-for-women-25298), so the shortage was as much about culture as about physical limits:

> Labour scarcity should have opened up opportunities for females, but the regulations only added to their geographical and occupational immobility,

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: After the Black Death, authorities (typically land owners) introduced maximum wages and restrictions on movement of men, designed to prevent wages rising to market-clearing levels and with the effect of labour shortages in several areas.  
> **username_3**: @Henry Those restrictions often didn't work, as the first of my links shows. And it probably varied a lot by country.  

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### Answer by username_2 on 2016-08-16. Score: 1

A "true" labour market shortage as defined by no labour at any price has probably never occurred. Let me argue why:

* Who defines the any price? There is always a price (wage) someone is willing to **accept** to move to a certain location, or to perform a job that does not match own preferences, or for which training is willing to be carried out in order to be able to perform that task/job. This is, **there is always a non-infinite price at which you could fill a post**. In the example of the Black Death, I am absolutely sure that if you were able to offer a price to Chinese workers to go to Europe they would have done so. As such, using **your definition** of shortage, no, it was not a shortage.
* The key factor is then not the supply of workers but the **demand for workers**. In other words, why is not a given post filled in? It is because the employer **is not willing to pay** the price at which someone would fill up the position. So, returning to the Black Death example, there was "a shortage" only because employers (farm owners, mostly) were not willing to pay high enough wages to motivate enough people to migrate to Europe.

My bottom line is that your extreme definiton of labour market shortage as a "no price" market is too extreme, and a more useful, albeit subjective definition is based on a **relative** perspective. Nothing else than out demand and supply paradigm.

**Note**: in a simple demand and supply graph for the labour market, do not forget that there is somewhere to the right another line which represents the "total employment" available. Although we usually represent this as perfectly inelastic, in fact, this line is also endogenous to the wage level. That is how you can incorporate **immigration** to the model. Under this view, the actual "total" supply is never inelastic. As such, **there is always a positive, non-infinite price** at which you can command workers into a job.


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