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Getting married is a special moment in anyone's life. It marks the beginning of a new chapter and a lifelong commitment. In Zimbabwe, like in many other countries, a marriage certificate is a legal document that proves the union between two individuals. However, to ensure its legitimacy and validity, it is important to authenticate the Zimbabwean marriage certificate. In this article, we will explore the process of authentication and why it is crucial. Why Authenticate a Zimbabwean Marriage Certificate? - Legal Recognition: Authenticating a Zimbabwean marriage certificate provides legal recognition of the marriage. It ensures that the marriage is legally binding and acknowledged by the government. - International Recognition: If you plan to use your Zimbabwean marriage certificate in another country, it may need to be authenticated for international recognition. This is particularly important if you are planning to relocate or if one of the partners is from a different country. - Proof of Marriage: An authenticated marriage certificate serves as proof of marriage. It can be used for various purposes, such as applying for visas, claiming benefits, or updating personal documents like passports and driver's licenses. - Prevent Fraud and Misuse: Authenticating a marriage certificate helps prevent fraud and misuse. It adds an extra layer of security and ensures that the document is genuine, reducing the risk of identity theft or fraudulent activities. The Process of Authenticating a Zimbabwean Marriage Certificate - Obtain the Original Certificate: The first step is to obtain the original Zimbabwean marriage certificate. This is the document that will be authenticated. It is important to keep the original certificate in a safe place to avoid any damage or loss. - Contact the Relevant Authority: The next step is to contact the relevant authority responsible for authenticating documents. In Zimbabwe, this authority is usually the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the Ministry of Home Affairs. They will provide you with the necessary information and guidance on the authentication process. - Gather Required Documents: Depending on the specific requirements of the authority, you may need to gather additional documents. These might include identification documents, proof of residency, or any other supporting documents that verify your identity and relationship. - Submit the Application: Once you have gathered all the required documents, submit the application for authentication. Pay any applicable fees and provide all the necessary information accurately. - Wait for Processing: The authentication process can take some time, so it is important to be patient. The time frame may vary depending on the workload of the authority and any additional factors. It is advisable to check with the authority for an estimated processing time. - Receive the Authenticated Certificate: Once the authentication process is complete, you will receive the authenticated Zimbabwean marriage certificate. This certificate will have an official stamp or seal, indicating its authenticity. Authenticating a Zimbabwe marriage certificate is essential to ensure its legitimacy and validity. It provides legal recognition, international acceptance, and serves as proof of marriage. By following the necessary steps and contacting the relevant authority, you can obtain an authenticated certificate that will fulfill all legal requirements and protect you from potential fraud or misuse. Remember to keep the original certificate safe and make copies for any future use. Congratulations on your marriage, and may your union be filled with love and happiness!
In Canada, 35% of households own a dog. The statistics speak volumes about the special place these furry companions hold in our lives. From their unwavering loyalty to their infectious zest for life, dogs bring immeasurable joy to their owners. The benefits of having a dog are undeniable-they offer companionship, encourage physical activity, and provide a sense of security. However, it's crucial to acknowledge the challenges of dog ownership. So, is a dog the right pet for you? Keep reading to explore the factors that can help you make this critical decision. What Are You Looking for in a Dog? When asking if a dog is right for you, the first thing to consider is what you are looking for in a dog. If you live in an apartment, are you looking for a lapdog to be a companion? Or do you own a house and want a dog for protection or exercise? It is essential to consider your lifestyle and living situation to ensure a dog will be a good fit. Some dogs shed more than others. If you are allergic to pet dander, choose a low-shedding breed. Some dogs are easier to train than others. If you are a first-time dog owner, choose an easy-to-train breed. Finally, the temperament of a dog is essential to consider. Some dogs are more anxious or aggressive than others. If you have children, you must choose a breed known for being gentle and patient with children. Are You Ready For a 10+ Year Commitment? Dogs live a long time and require a lot of attention. They also cost a lot to keep, so ensure you have the additional funds for emergency visits to the animal hospital. You'll also have to take them to vets occasionally when they get sick. The cost of owning a dog can vary depending on the breed, size, and level of care that the dog needs. Budgeting for food, veterinary care, and grooming is essential before you bring a dog home. All dogs require some grooming, but some breeds require more than others. Choosing a low-maintenance breed is best if you are unwilling to commit to regular grooming. Do You Travel a Lot? Travelling frequently may not be ideal for dog owners because dogs require much attention and care. Dogs must be walked, fed, and regularly taken to the dog and cat clinic. If you travel often, you may not provide your dog with the necessary care. Pro Tip: If you travel occasionally, a dog hotel is a great accommodation option Dogs: A Pawsitively Pawesome Pet Dogs are wonderful pets that can provide companionship, love, and security. However, before you adopt a dog, you must consider whether it is the right pet for you. Many factors, such as your lifestyle, living situation, and personal preferences, should be considered. At Glenridge Animal Hospital, we understand the deep bond between you and your pet. From annual wellness exams and vaccinations to advanced dental services, we offer a full range of veterinary care. Contact our animal clinic today and schedule an appointment for your pet in St. Catharines. Give your furry friend the compassionate care they deserve.
Learn how to conduct market research effectively with these practical steps: – Identify your target audience by analyzing market trends, consumer preferences, and competition. – Gather valuable insights that will shape your business strategy. – Understand the needs and demands of your target market. – Use market research tools and resources to gather data and information. – Continuously monitor and analyze market changes and adapt your strategy accordingly. Learn how to choose the right business structure and register your business in Massachusetts: – Understand the advantages and disadvantages of different business structures such as sole proprietorship, partnership, LLC, and corporation. – Consult with a legal professional or use online resources to make an informed decision. – Register your business with the Secretary of State's Office. – Obtain necessary licenses or permits specific to your industry. – Ensure compliance with legal requirements for liability protection, taxation, and flexibility. Learn how to navigate the legal and regulatory requirements for establishing a business in Massachusetts: – Obtain a federal tax identification number from the IRS. – Register for state taxes at the Department of Revenue. – Obtain required licenses from the local town hall. – Open an unemployment insurance account at the Department of Unemployment Assistance. – Find information about workers' compensation insurance at the Department of Industrial Accidents Website. Once you've thoroughly researched your business idea, it's time to take the next crucial step: registering your LLC in Massachusetts. Ensuring proper incorporation as an LLC safeguards your personal assets, and registering in Massachusetts specifically offers unique benefits and resources for entrepreneurs. When starting a business in Massachusetts, entrepreneurs must ensure they adhere to the necessary legal requirements. One vital step is to register their venture as an LLC, Massachusetts providing a simplified and advantageous structure for small businesses. When establishing a business in Massachusetts, one crucial step is to register an LLC. Understanding the requirements and procedures for forming an LLC in Massachusetts ensures compliance with state regulations, making "register LLC Massachusetts" a vital aspect of starting a successful venture in the state. When establishing a business in Massachusetts, it is essential to consider using the top massachusetts LLC services with free business name search. These services can provide valuable assistance in finding an available business name that aligns with state requirements and regulations, making the process easier and more efficient. If you are ready to embark on your entrepreneurial journey, Massachusetts provides an excellent environment to kickstart your vision. With its prominent innovation hubs and robust support for entrepreneurs, exploring how to start a business in massachusetts would be a wise move in establishing a thriving venture. Start a business in Massachusetts, a state known for its thriving economy and ample resources, by following these practical steps outlined in our comprehensive guide. While Massachusetts offers a thriving business ecosystem, it's crucial to employ the right strategies when starting a business in Massachusetts. This practical guide aims to equip entrepreneurs with invaluable knowledge and insights to navigate the intricacies of establishing their venture successfully in the state. Similar Posts – The Most Efficient Nevada LLC Formation Companies for 2024 Research the Market and Identify Your Target Audience Are you ready to dive into market research and identify your target audience in Massachusetts? This is a crucial step in establishing a successful business in the state. Market research techniques will help you gather valuable insights about the local market, competition, and customer preferences. By conducting thorough research, you'll be able to identify opportunities and make informed decisions about your business strategies. To start with, it's important to understand the demographics of Massachusetts and how they align with your product or service. Analyzing factors like age, income levels, and education can give you a clear picture of who your potential customers are. Additionally, studying consumer behavior patterns can provide insights into their buying habits, preferences, and needs. Once you have gathered sufficient data through market research techniques, it's time to analyze and define your target audience. This involves segmenting the market based on various criteria such as age groups, interests, or geographic location. By identifying specific segments that align with your business offerings, you can tailor your marketing efforts accordingly. Market research techniques and target audience analysis are essential steps when establishing a business in Massachusetts. Understanding the local market dynamics and demographics will enable you to make informed decisions regarding your products or services. Now that we've laid the groundwork for researching the market and identifying our target audience, let's move on to choosing the right business structure and registering our business. Keep Reading – The Most Efficient New Hampshire LLC Formation Companies for 2024 Choose the Right Business Structure and Register Your Business Selecting the appropriate business structure and officially registering your venture can be a crucial step on the path to success, sparking a sense of excitement and anticipation in aspiring entrepreneurs. When choosing the right business structure, it's essential to consider the pros and cons of each option. For example, if you opt for a sole proprietorship, you'll have complete control over decision-making and enjoy simplicity in terms of taxes and regulations. However, you'll also have unlimited personal liability for any debts or obligations. On the other hand, forming a limited liability company (LLC) offers protection against personal liability while still providing flexibility in management and taxation. Once you have decided on the most suitable business structure, it's time to register your business with the appropriate authorities. While this may seem like a daunting task, following a step-by-step process can make it more manageable. The first step is to choose a unique name for your business that complies with Massachusetts regulations. Next, you need to file the necessary paperwork with the Secretary of State's office and pay any required fees. It's important to note that different types of businesses may require additional licenses or permits from state or local agencies. Transitioning into understanding the legal and regulatory requirements, it's crucial to ensure compliance with all relevant laws when establishing your business in Massachusetts. This includes obtaining any necessary permits or licenses specific to your industry and adhering to tax obligations outlined by state authorities. By understanding these legal requirements early on in your entrepreneurial journey, you can avoid unnecessary setbacks or penalties down the line while focusing on growing your innovative venture further. Additional Resources – The Most Efficient New Jersey LLC Formation Companies for 2024 Understand the Legal and Regulatory Requirements When it comes to starting a business in Massachusetts, there are certain legal and regulatory requirements that need to be understood and complied with. Two key points to consider are obtaining the necessary licenses and permits, as well as complying with tax obligations. These steps are crucial for ensuring that your business operates legally and avoids any potential penalties or fines. Obtaining the Necessary Licenses and Permits Obtaining the necessary licenses and permits is crucial for launching a successful business in Massachusetts, as they ensure compliance with local regulations and demonstrate credibility to potential customers. Understanding the zoning regulations is an important first step in this process. Different areas within Massachusetts have different zoning restrictions, which dictate how businesses can operate in certain locations. By familiarizing ourselves with these regulations, we can determine if our desired location is suitable for our business activities and avoid any potential conflicts or penalties. Another aspect of obtaining licenses and permits involves identifying the required professional certifications. Depending on the nature of our business, certain certifications may be necessary to ensure that we are qualified to provide our products or services. For example, if we plan to open a restaurant, we would need to obtain food service permits and ensure that our staff members have completed the necessary food safety training courses. By understanding these requirements upfront, we can streamline the process of obtaining the appropriate licenses and permits for our specific industry. Transitioning into the subsequent section about complying with tax obligations, it is important to note that once all necessary licenses and permits are obtained, businesses must also fulfill their tax obligations. This includes registering for state taxes such as sales tax or corporate income tax depending on the type of business entity chosen. Understanding these tax obligations will allow us to stay compliant with state regulations while maximizing our financial resources for growth and innovation in Massachusetts. Complying with Tax Obligations Once you have successfully obtained the necessary licenses and permits, it's time to ensure that you're fully compliant with all tax obligations in order to thrive and prosper in Massachusetts. Tax deductions play a crucial role in maximizing your business's profitability. It's important to understand which expenses are deductible and how to properly track and document them. By taking advantage of available tax deductions, such as those related to business travel, office supplies, or employee benefits, you can reduce your overall tax liability and keep more money in your pocket. Tax planning is another essential aspect of complying with tax obligations. By carefully strategizing and managing your finances throughout the year, you can optimize your tax position and minimize any potential surprises come tax season. This involves proper record-keeping, staying up-to-date with changes in tax laws and regulations, as well as consulting with a qualified accountant or tax professional who can provide guidance tailored to your specific business needs. As you navigate through the complexities of taxation in Massachusetts, it's crucial to create a solid business plan that encompasses all aspects of your venture. This includes developing strategies for growth, marketing initiatives, financial projections, and more. By having a well-thought-out business plan in place, you won't only be better prepared for future challenges but also be able to present a compelling case when seeking funding or partnerships. Create a Solid Business Plan When creating a solid business plan, we need to focus on three key points: defining our mission, vision, and goals; conducting a market analysis and identifying our competitive advantage; and developing a marketing and sales strategy. Firstly, it's crucial to clearly define what our business stands for, its purpose, and the objectives we aim to achieve. Secondly, understanding the market we're entering into and identifying our unique selling proposition will help us position ourselves effectively against competitors. Lastly, developing a comprehensive marketing and sales strategy will ensure that we reach our target audience efficiently and effectively promote our products or services. Defining Your Mission, Vision, and Goals To truly succeed in starting your business in Massachusetts, it's crucial that you establish a clear mission, vision, and set of goals from the very beginning. Defining your mission, vision, and goals will provide you with a roadmap for success and guide your decision-making process. Here are some key steps to consider when defining your mission, vision, and goals: - Evaluating your company culture: Take the time to assess the values and beliefs that shape your company culture. Understanding what drives your team will help you align your mission and vision with their aspirations. - Aligning your values with your business objectives: Your mission should reflect the purpose of your business, while your vision outlines where you want to be in the future. It's important to ensure that these align with both your personal values and the objectives of your business. By clearly defining these elements, you will not only create a sense of direction within your organization but also attract like-minded individuals who share similar values. With a strong foundation in place, you'll be better equipped to navigate challenges and make informed decisions as you move forward. Now let's explore how conducting a market analysis can help identify your competitive advantage. Note: The previous subtopic mentioned 'conducting a market analysis' which leads into the subsequent section about 'identifying competitive advantage'. Conducting a Market Analysis and Identifying Your Competitive Advantage Now that we've defined our mission, vision, and goals for our business in Massachusetts, it's time to dive into the next crucial step: conducting a market analysis and identifying our competitive advantage. In order to succeed in such a competitive landscape, it's essential to thoroughly understand the market you'll be operating in. This involves conducting comprehensive market research to gain insights into your target audience, industry trends, and competitors. Market research helps us identify key opportunities and challenges that may arise when establishing our business. By analyzing customer preferences, needs, and behaviors, we can tailor our products or services to meet their demands effectively. Additionally, understanding industry trends allows us to stay ahead of the curve and adapt our strategies accordingly. In order to gain a competitive advantage in the market, we must also conduct a thorough competitive analysis. This involves studying our direct and indirect competitors – their strengths, weaknesses, pricing strategies, marketing tactics, and customer satisfaction levels. By doing so, we can identify gaps in the market where we can excel and differentiate ourselves from others. By conducting a comprehensive market analysis and identifying our competitive advantage early on in the process of establishing our business in Massachusetts, we're setting ourselves up for success. With a deep understanding of our target audience's preferences and needs, coupled with knowledge about industry trends and competitor strategies, we're well-equipped to develop effective marketing and sales strategies that will propel our business forward. As we move forward with developing a marketing and sales strategy for our business venture in Massachusetts, it's imperative that we build upon the insights gained through conducting market research and analyzing competition. Through strategic positioning based on consumer insights combined with an innovative approach towards capturing attention within this dynamic marketplace, we can establish strong brand equity while attracting customers who share similar values as ours without feeling overwhelmed by all these steps. Our goal is to create a seamless and enjoyable experience for our customers, making it effortless for them to connect with our brand and align with our values. By consistently delivering exceptional products and services that cater to their needs and desires, we can cultivate a loyal customer base who appreciate and advocate for our brand, ultimately driving long-term success in this competitive marketplace. Further Reading – The Most Efficient Nebraska LLC Formation Companies for 2024 Developing a Marketing and Sales Strategy Get ready to develop a marketing and sales strategy that will captivate your target audience and drive success in the competitive marketplace. In today's digital age, it's essential to leverage various digital marketing tactics to effectively reach your customers. Utilize social media platforms, search engine optimization (SEO), and email marketing campaigns to establish a strong online presence and connect with potential customers. By understanding your target audience's preferences and behaviors, you can tailor your messaging and content to resonate with them on these digital platforms. Furthermore, don't overlook the importance of training your sales team. Equip them with the necessary skills and knowledge through effective sales training techniques. Provide them with ongoing training sessions that focus on building relationships, understanding customer needs, objection handling, and closing deals. Additionally, encourage continuous learning by keeping up with industry trends and incorporating new selling techniques into their strategies. As you develop your marketing and sales strategy using these digital marketing tactics and sales training techniques, keep in mind the next step: securing financing and setting up your finances. It's crucial to have a solid financial plan in place to ensure the sustainability of your business venture. Secure Financing and Set Up Your Finances First things first, you'll need to secure financing and establish your finances when starting a business in Massachusetts. This is crucial for the successful launch and growth of your venture. To ensure you have the necessary funds, consider exploring various financing sources such as traditional bank loans, small business grants, angel investors, or crowdfunding platforms. Conduct thorough research to understand the requirements and terms associated with each option. Once you have secured financing, it's vital to set up your financial management system. Start by opening a business bank account separate from your personal accounts. This will help keep your personal and business finances organized and make tax filing easier. Additionally, consider hiring an accountant or bookkeeper who can assist you with managing your financial records accurately. To create imagery in your mind about securing financing and setting up finances effectively, here are three sub-lists: - Financing sources: - Traditional bank loans - Small business grants - Angel investors - Crowdfunding platforms - Financial management: - Open a separate business bank account - Hire an accountant or bookkeeper - Implement accounting software for better record keeping Remember that establishing solid financial foundations is essential for any business's long-term success. By securing adequate funding and implementing effective financial management practices from the start, you increase your chances of navigating challenges smoothly while focusing on innovation and growth opportunities within the Massachusetts market. In conclusion, establishing a business in Massachusetts requires careful research and planning. By thoroughly understanding the market and identifying your target audience, you can develop products or services that'll meet their needs and preferences. Choosing the right business structure and registering your business with the appropriate authorities is essential to ensure legal compliance. Additionally, it's crucial to be aware of the legal and regulatory requirements specific to Massachusetts. This includes obtaining any necessary licenses or permits, adhering to zoning regulations, and complying with employment laws. By familiarizing yourself with these obligations early on, you can avoid potential penalties or setbacks in the future. Creating a solid business plan is another vital step in setting up your enterprise. This document will serve as a roadmap for your operations, outlining your goals, strategies, and financial projections. It'll also be crucial when seeking financing from investors or lenders. Securing adequate funding is often one of the biggest challenges for new businesses. Whether through personal savings, loans, grants, or partnerships, it's important to have a clear plan in place for how you'll finance your venture. Additionally, setting up efficient financial systems from the start will help you keep track of income and expenses accurately. Overall, establishing a business in Massachusetts requires careful consideration of various factors such as market research, legal requirements, financial planning, and securing funding. By following this practical guide and taking each step seriously before launching your business venture confidently into the market. LLC formation made easy with LLCProvider – your one-stop-shop for all things LLC! Discover the benefits of LLC ownership with LLCProvider – the ultimate resource for LLC management.
Club TopCannabis.com He olvidado mi contraseña Búsqueda de productos Semillas de cannabis En / Al aire libre Semillas 100% feminizadas Semillas de exterior Semillas de interior White Label White Label feminizadas Bongs y Pipas Bongs y Pipas de agua Cristal que cambia de color Peace pipes Piezas de repuesto Pipas de mano Pipas novelty Sistemas de extracción Accesorios para el fumador Cajitas y latas Limpiadores y cepillos Molinillos para hierba Pantallas / Filtros / Gasas Papeles de liar y a base de tabaco Sistemas de relleno y liado Kits de cultivo Soluciones de cultivo Subidones legales After Party Productos herbales para fumar Subidones psicodélicos Green tea Gun Powder Gun powder is a variety of green Chinese tea, produced in the Zhejiang Province of China, of which each leaf has been rolled into a small pellet. Other common names are " Zhucha" in Pinyin or "pearl tea" in China. This rolling method is most often applied either to dried green tea or Oolong tea. Rolling tea leaves into gunpowder tea renders the leaves less susceptible to physical damage and allows them to retain more of their flavor and aroma. When buying gunpowder tea it is important to look for shiny pellets (pearl tea), which indicate that the tea is relatively fresh. Green teas, for centuries the beverage of choice in Asia, is rapidly gaining popularity in the western world. Its natural aroma and widely acclaimed health benefits make green tea appealing to both the tea lover and previously non-tea drinker. This way of producing green tea allows preservation of the healthy active substances of the fresh leaves so that they are released into the cup at the time of infusion. Many of us are aware that antioxidants are essential for a healthy body. They help to fight against free radicals. Antioxidants are found in many common foods such as vegetables and fruit. Green tea contains antioxidants; it contains a lot of them. In particular it contains one very powerful antioxidant called EGCG or epigallocatechin gallate. Some researchers claim that it contains far more antioxidant properties than both vitamin E and vitamin C. Green tea also contains tannins, which have a calming effect on the nerves. A high amount of tannins is not good for the body, but green tea still contains much less tannins than black tea. According to several sources green tea may also support weight loss, as studies have shown that it increases the metabolism. When preparing green tea, it is important to use water that has cooled down somewhat after boiling. Use water of about 80 degrees Celsius and steep it only for 2 - 3 minutes. This tea contains tannins and antioxidants. This tea is 100% organic. This means it was grown without the use of chemicals and can be safely consumed. 9.88 € Grass City © 2009 -
Behavioral functional networks underlying the effect of Alzheimer's pathology on cognition Jacob Ziontz, Theresa M. Harrison, William J. Jagust- Psychiatry and Mental health - Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience - Geriatrics and Gerontology - Neurology (clinical) - Developmental Neuroscience - Health Policy - Epidemiology Tau pathology is associated with impaired cognitive function in both aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms by which tau and cognition are linked remain unclear. We hypothesized that the integrity of behaviorally‐defined functional brain networks would help explain the relationship between tau and cognitive performance. Resting state fMRI, tau PET, and Ab PET were collected in two independent cohorts: 120 cognitively normal older adults from the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study (BACS; 77.6 ± 6.4 yrs), and 174 cognitively normal and MCI individuals from ADNI3 (72.8 ± 8.3 yrs). For each cohort, functional connectivity (FC) for each ROI‐ROI pair of a 246‐region atlas was computed, and LASSO+BIC regression of these values against episodic memory (EM) and executive function (EF) composite measures was used to define a sparse subset of connections positively associated with each cognitive measure. Overall network strength was computed as the sum of FC values for all selected ROI‐ROI pairs. EM and EF networks were identified within each cohort, with Dice similarity coefficients indicating greater overlap of network regions within cohorts (BACS networks: 0.43; ADNI: 0.33) than within cognitive measures between cohorts (EM networks: 0.25; EF: 0.23; Figure 1). Adjusting for age and sex, lower EM network strength was associated with greater meta‐temporal ROI tau in both BACS (b = ‐4.05, p = .014) and ADNI (b = ‐2.20, p <.001), whereas lower EF network strength was related to meta‐ROI tau in ADNI only (b = ‐1.80, p <.001; Figure 2). In addition, causal mediation analysis revealed that the effect of meta‐ROI tau on EM performance was mediated by EM network strength in both BACS (p = .017) and ADNI (p = .002), but EF network strength was a significant mediator in ADNI only (p <.001; Figure 3). Greater AD pathology is associated with reduced integrity of EM‐related networks in older adults, a relationship that may also extend to EF‐related networks as individuals progress from cognitively normal to MCI. Given that network strength was observed to mediate the relationship between tau pathology and cognition, behavioral brain networks may be a key mechanism in the effect of neuropathology on cognitive function in aging and AD.
This area will become a central chapter looking at coastal communities in our foundational report, understanding how businesses across the country lift people out of hardship, via jobs, skills and training. Hartlepool is a fascinating town to study, with a colourful history and a challenging present. Happily, some green shoots of prosperity are emerging, with a new age of jobs beginning to creep into Hartlepool, which Nick Tyrone will explore in the report – due to be released in later summer. Watch this space! In a slightly wider lens view, we have seen the Prime Minister give a speech on welfare reform, looking at the need to "change the sick note culture", where he stated that "the UK currently spends £69 billion on benefits for people of working age with a disability or health condition…more than our entire schools budget." For me, this really underlines the value of the Jobs Foundation mission; working to support businesses across the country through job creation and underscoring the essential nature of working, which provides purpose, dignity and hope for millions across the country. Talking about business, the Jobs Foundation had two days at the Evening Standard SME XPO at the Excel Centre in East London, signing up SMEs to our Business Council (which if you haven't signed up to, please do so here). It was a fascinating couple of days, doing really what we love the most, talking to entrepreneurs about their businesses and the valuable role they play in their communities. It has been a great experience and we plan to be involved in many similar business events over the coming months, working to build our Business Council to 1,000 members by the end of the year. Looking ahead we have trips planned to a wide range of businesses who drive opportunity and innovation in their areas; plus, a score of events for our supporters covering everything from the jobs of the future within the creative industries to how our Gen-Z-ers are faring (or as my mother would say, "the youth!"). Please if you ever have any ideas, questions, introductions (we love those!) for the Jobs Foundation, do email me or call the office (number – 020 3475 1382) anytime. Thank you for all your encouragement and support. Best wishes, Georgiana Bristol CEO, Jobs Foundation Our trip to Hartlepool The latest leg of the Jobs Foundation's extensive research project into jobs, business and bringing people out of poverty brought us to Hartlepool in April. We spent a few days in the seaside town in the Northeast of England, speaking to local business owners, educators and politicians. One of the entrepreneurs we met in Hartlepool was Harrison Smith, who although he is only in his mid-20s, has already led an interesting life. He was an academy player for Hartlepool United, which led to a scholarship to play soccer in America, where he attended Francis Marion University in South Carolina. Despite his education in the States, Harrison was eager to return to his home town once his studies were complete. Although he did play football at a semi-professional level in Alabama after he graduated, it didn't take him long to return to Hartlepool. "Hartlepool people – we get taken away, but we always get drawn back here. It's very rare that you leave and you leave for good." He came back to his hometown in 2018, becoming a manager at ALDI, via a graduate training programme. "It was 60-70 hour weeks, running different stores. It was a lot to take on. I also figured out that retail wasn't for me. I suppose that job put me in the economically fortunate enough position to be able to take a step back and ask myself what I really wanted to do with my life." After working as a development manager at an insurance company and sitting some professional exams, Harrison became self-employed in July 2021, and hasn't looked back since. We talked about life in the town with him and further, what makes coastal communities unique. "Most coastal towns in England are just a mirror image of each other. Hartlepool is getting a little more infrastructure these days, to be fair. I mean, if you'd been here 15 years ago, it would have looked completely different. Having said that, the people of Hartlepool are the people of Hartlepool." Our interview with Harrison is just one of many we conducted in the town. We will be publishing a report on Hartlepool, with a look at the wider coastal community context, in the summer. The Evening Standard SME XPO This month, the Jobs Foundation exhibited at the Evening Standard's SME XPO in the Excel Centre, East London, where over 4,000 business leaders, investors, and other stakeholders were in attendance. Established in 2021 by the Evening Standard, SME XPO is designed to support SME founders and decision makers who are looking to meet other like-minded entrepreneurs and access resources to help scale their businesses. Amongst others, companies represented at XPO included Salesforce, Tesla, HSBC, AMEX, Virgin Atlantic, and Octopus Energy. The Jobs Foundation were lucky to be exhibiting beside Barclays and Dell Technologies, where we were able to welcome attendees to our stand to explain more about the purpose and ambitions behind our charity. Attendees were enthusiastic to hear about our aim to help champion business as a force for good in society, and we made a host of recruitments to our Business Council, with the event being another crucial step in reaching our goal of a thousand members by the end of the year. It was fantastic to be able to visit other businesses and hear about their career and stories, with the common theme of entrepreneurship and innovation being fascinating to hear. As well as businesses visiting our stand, we were able to attend speed networking sessions where we had up to forty sixty-second long introductory conversations with other attendees over the course of an hour. Whilst certainly being an intense activity, this was a great way for the Jobs Foundation to spread our message to as many individuals and businesses as possible over a short period of time. We were also able to listen to exciting talks from leaders such as Theo Paphitis and Tim Martin, who discussed their careers in industry and gave advice to budding entrepreneurs and business leaders. All in all, it was great to put the Jobs Foundation on the map as one of the leading charities working with and supporting the business community. As always, we're on the lookout for any other industry or business events where we can meet business leaders and entrepreneurs, so do let us know if you are attending any yourself or are aware of any others that you think we should attend! Breakfast with Luke Johnson, one of Britain's most prolific entrepreneurs Luke Johnson has enjoyed a highly successful career as the individual behind a myriad of prominent hospitality brands. He previously served as Chairman of Pizza Express, the Royal Society of Arts and Channel 4, and now serves as a director/co-owner at Gail's bakeries and on the board of Brompton Cycles. In addition to this, Luke founded the Centre for Entrepreneurs in 2013, and has served on the Jobs Foundation's Advisory Council since it was founded in 2022. In the latest in our series of breakfasts, Luke talked to us about the importance of growth and the key role that only businesses can play in the development of Britain's future. He said at the start that he had been "obsessed by business" since the age of eighteen, and that running your own enterprise gives one "a more independent life than any other work". In terms of how to achieve this growth, Luke said a liberalisation of the planning rules are long overdue, as well as a need for businesses in Britain to stop overfocusing on what the government is or is not doing and think for themselves. He cited the relatively recent increase in interest rates, ending the period of cheap money we experienced since the financial crisis, and how this creates a new challenge for businesses. He also talked about the funding of start ups in Britain, pointing out that two-thirds of loans to new businesses now come from challenger banks moving into a space that the Big Five banks have somewhat retreated from in recent years. Finally, Luke made the point that more business owners and CEOs need to publicly make the case for business as a societal good a lot more often – which is the founding mission of the Jobs Foundation. The next breakfast in our series will be with guest speaker Alison Cork MBE, who is an entrepreneur, author, and TV presenter. She is also the founder and CEO of online brand alisonathome.com and founder of Make It Your Business. Our business owner of the month – Samuel Ola, Network Every month in the newsletter, we will be focusing on one particular organisation that we feel is a great example of business as a societal good. Samuel's company is a Loughborough based venture called Nestwork. It offers a range of services, built around helping students secure jobs through peer-to-peer learning and AI tools. Being university students themselves, Samuel and his business partners saw how often it is that young people don't get past the first stage of a job application. "Our goal is to help people find the job they want and hopefully transform their lives. A job is so vital to people's sense of self and worth, beyond simply the importance of a pay packet. We're hoping to build a successful company and change a lot of people's lives for the better along the way." Nestwork offers CV assistant service, which analyses job descriptions and then looks at your CV in order to identify missing skills; Behind-The-Offer articles which provide step-by-step breakdowns of how other students and graduates succeeded in their applications to different companies and roles; and Inside-the-Offer content which is there to help people discover what it's really like to work in a specific job and ask questions directly to current employees.
Lenses for sports and wildlife photography Choosing the right one requires you to allow for the shooting situations you can expect. Fortunately, there are plenty to choose from, depending on your requirements and budget. Unlike wide angle lenses, where a small difference in focal length can make a large difference in angle of view, for telephoto lenses the opposite is the case. Jumps of 100mm or more in focal length deliver relatively small changes in angle of view. You can get a rough idea of what focal length you need to shoot different sized subjects at different distances by holding your thumb up at arm's length and seeing how much of the scene is covered. Then use a zoom lens to cover the same area and work out the equivalent focal length. Each person's coverage will be slightly different because we all have different sized digits. But, once you have worked out your own parameters, you will have a shortcut that allows you to estimate what focal length you'll need without having to change lenses. A fast telephoto zoom lens can make it possible to get action shots like this when you're in the right location. Shooting data:1/1600 second at f/2.8 with a focal length of 121mm on a Canon EOS-1D Mark III camera. (Photographer: Mitch McMillan.) The photograph on the left was taken with a 300mm focal length, while a 200mm focal length was used for the one on the right, illustrating the relatively small differences between them in coverage and background de-focusing. Longer focal lengths are required for close-ups when you can only shoot from a restricted distance. For this shot of a leopard in a tree, a 75-300mm lens used at 300mm on a M4/3 camera provided the equivalent of a 600mm lens on a 35mm camera. Balancing Size, Weight, Speed and Cost Suppose you decide you really need a 600mm f/4 lens to photograph a tennis match or birds in bushes? Several questions arise from this choice: 1. Can you afford the high price tag? 2. Can you manage the additional 3.9 kg it will add to your kit? 3. Do you have a strong enough tripod to support camera+lens? If you answered 'no' to any of these questions, some kind of compromise will be required. If cost is the only obstacle you could consider a secondhand lens. If you make sure its optical performance is tested, you could end up with the lens you want at a price you can afford. And you'll need a sturdy tripod to support camera and lens. If weight is the main consideration you could consider swapping to a camera with a smaller sensor format. Changing from 'full frame' to APS-C allows you to reduce the lens focal length to between 375mm and 400mm and still cover roughly the same field of view as a 600mm lens on a 'full frame' camera. The shorter lens will almost certainly be smaller and lighter. It will also be roughly half the price of the 600mm lens because less glass is used in its construction. Drop down to M4/3 format and you reduce size and weight dramatically. But you'll have to accept a loss of lens speed (expect a maximum aperture of f/6.3 or smaller) and you may find a zoom lens is the only option available. You can still cover almost the same field of view as the 600mm lens, although the M4/3 coverage is a little wider. A 75-300mm lens on a M4/3 camera can cover the same fields of view as a 150-600mm lens on a 35mm camera in a format that is considerably smaller and lighter, at the expense of lens speed. (Source: Olympus.) A big plus is that the M4/3 lenses are light enough to use hand-held and either the camera body or lens will include stabilisation. In addition, almost any tripod will be able to support the camera+lens combination. Lenses for Shooting Sports Different sports have different requirements and your choice of lens(es) will depend on how close you can get to the action and what types of pictures you want to take. Longer lenses are needed for most sports action close-ups, although shooting motor sports, cycling and children's team games can sometimes be done with shorter lenses and even wide angle lenses can be used in some situations. Available light can influence your requirements and so can the types of shots you want. Lens speed is important in dim lighting (e.g. indoor sports) and when you need fast shutter speeds to freeze action. But there may be times when some blurring can lend a sense of speed to the shot. Most modern cameras, particularly those with larger sensors, produce negligible image noise at ISO 800 and very little up to ISO 6400. Even M4/3 cameras can do well up to ISO 3200. So photographers can start balancing their need for range and speed against the advantages of shooting with smaller sensor cameras. Wide angle lenses, in this case a focal length of 35mm, lend a different perspective to sports photographs and allow more of the ambience to be captured. Location can be critical for obtaining close-up shots, even when you use a long focal length like the 300mm lens used for this shot. Bright conditions allowed an exposure of 1/1000 second at f/11, which 'froze' the spray and provided plenty of depth of field. Lenses for Birders Bird photographers usually lean towards the longest lens they can afford and handle, even when shooting from a hide. This is often because their subjects can be very small and easily spooked. Although in the past many birders invested heavily in fast super-tele lenses, improvements in high-sensitivity performance and image stabilisation make this less necessary today. Dropping from 'full frame' to APS-C sensor size yields big benefits when range is critical. You gain a 1.5x or 1.6x (for Canon) crop factor extension of the focal length plus a slightly smaller, lighter camera and lens with little or no loss of imaging performance. Moving from DSLR to M4/3 CSC provides greater portability without significantly compromising imaging performance. The equipment is light enough to carry all day yet capable enough to use in any situation that suits a DSLR. Tamron's SP 150-600mm f/5-6.3 Di VC USD, which can be used on both 'full frame' and cropped sensor bodies provides plenty of reach for bird photographers who shoot from hides or vehicles. A 300mm focal lens on an Olympus OM-D camera provides a lightweight combination that is easy to carry and can provide the reach you need to photograph birds like this falcon. While some noise may be visible in high ISO shots, lower sensitivities should provide similar performance to larger cameras and produce excellent prints. Lenses for Safari If you're going on a genuine safari in Africa, you can manage with modest telephoto lenses because the 'game' is generally observed from vehicles. Native wildlife is so accustomed to vehicles it tends to disregard them so you can get close relatively easy. The ideal focal length range is 70-200mm or 70-300mm in 35mm equivalent. Shorter focal lengths are ideal for photographing larger animals, while longer focal lengths will be excellent for extreme close-ups. They also provide scope for taking action shots of animals hunting or shots of creatures that are easily spooked, such as some of the smaller antelopes. Convenience zooms allow scope for taking some landscape shots but some photographers prefer to take a second camera with a wider zoom attached for this purpose. The standard 18-55mm kit lens works well for APS-C cameras, while 14-42mm provides an equivalent for M4/3. Springbok and sand grouse near a water hole, photographed from a vehicle with a convenience zoom lens set at 200mm, using an aperture of f/8 to optimise depth of field. Sparring gemsbok (oryx), photographed from a vehicle with a 300mm lens on an M4/3 camera. Rapidly changing action presents a chance to take a sequence of shots, either with the camera's continuous shooting function (if changes are very quick) or at the photographer's discretion. Excerpt from Lenses Guide.
MBA in Marketing Management From Monad University: Admission Process, Eligibility Criteria, Highlights, Syllabus, Scope, FAQ. MBA in Marketing Management Overview-Monad University - Program Duration: The MBA in Marketing Management program at Monad University typically spans over two years, divided into four semesters. Each semester usually lasts for six months. - Curriculum: The curriculum of the program is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of marketing principles, strategies, and techniques. The courses focus on developing skills related to market research, consumer behavior, advertising and promotion, brand management, sales management, digital marketing, and strategic marketing planning. - Course Structure: The program consists of a combination of core courses, elective courses, and practical training. Core courses cover fundamental concepts in marketing management, while elective courses allow students to specialize in specific areas of interest within marketing. - Practical Training: Monad University emphasizes practical learning and provides opportunities for students to gain real-world experience through internships, industry projects, and case studies. These practical components enable students to apply their theoretical knowledge to solve marketing problems and develop essential skills. - Faculty: The faculty members at Monad University are typically experienced professionals and academicians who bring industry insights and academic expertise to the classroom. They guide and mentor students throughout the program, helping them acquire the necessary skills and knowledge in marketing management. - Evaluation and Assessment: Students are evaluated through a combination of assignments, examinations, presentations, projects, and dissertations. This comprehensive assessment approach ensures that students grasp the theoretical concepts and can apply them effectively in practical scenarios. - Career Opportunities: Upon completing an MBA in Marketing Management, graduates can pursue various career paths in marketing and related fields. They may find opportunities in advertising agencies, market research firms, corporate marketing departments, sales organizations, digital marketing agencies, brand management companies, and consulting firms. MBA in Marketing Management Eligibility-Monad University - Educational Qualifications: Candidates should typically hold a bachelor's degree in any discipline from a recognized university. The degree may need to be obtained with a minimum percentage or CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) as specified by the university. - Minimum Marks: Many universities require candidates to have a minimum percentage of marks in their bachelor's degree, such as 50% or above. Some universities may also consider the candidate's performance in an entrance examination, such as CAT (Common Admission Test), MAT (Management Aptitude Test), or XAT (Xavier Aptitude Test). - Entrance Exam: Some universities may require candidates to qualify for a national or state-level entrance exam specific to MBA programs. These exams assess a candidate's aptitude, logical reasoning, quantitative ability, and verbal ability. The scores obtained in these exams may be considered during the admission process. - Work Experience (if applicable): While work experience is not typically mandatory for MBA programs, some universities may prefer candidates with prior work experience. They may consider the duration and relevance of work experience as a factor during the selection process. - English Proficiency: As MBA programs are often taught in English, candidates may be required to demonstrate proficiency in the English language. This can be done through standardized tests like IELTS or TOEFL, or through other means specified by the university. Why to do MBA in Marketing Management from Monad University? - Reputed Institution: Monad University is a recognized private university in India. It has established itself as an institution committed to providing quality education and has been known to offer various programs across different disciplines. - Experienced Faculty: The university may have a team of experienced faculty members who possess both academic knowledge and practical expertise in the field of marketing management. Their guidance and mentorship can provide valuable insights and enhance the learning experience. - Practical Orientation: Monad University may emphasize practical learning and hands-on experience. Through internships, industry projects, case studies, and practical assignments, students can gain practical exposure to real-world marketing scenarios. This practical orientation can help students bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and their application in the marketing industry. - Industry Tie-ups and Collaborations: The university may have collaborations and tie-ups with industry partners, which can provide students with opportunities for networking, internships, and placement assistance. Such collaborations can enhance the chances of students gaining exposure to industry practices and securing relevant job opportunities. - Specialization in Marketing Management: An MBA in Marketing Management from Monad University may offer a specialized curriculum focused on marketing principles, strategies, and techniques. This specialization can provide in-depth knowledge and skills specific to the marketing domain, preparing students for a career in marketing, sales, advertising, brand management, or related fields. - Career Opportunities: Completing an MBA in Marketing Management can open up various career opportunities in the marketing industry. Monad University may have a placement cell or career services department that assists students in securing internships and job placements. Additionally, the university's industry connections may provide access to potential employers and career networking opportunities. - Alumni Network: Monad University may have an active alumni network comprising professionals working in diverse industries. Access to such a network can be beneficial for networking, mentorship, and career guidance. Highlights MBA in Marketing Management from Monad University: Key Features \| Description \| Program Duration \| Typically a two-year program divided into four semesters \| Specialization Focus \| Focuses on marketing principles, strategies, and techniques \| Practical Orientation \| Emphasizes practical learning through internships, industry projects, and case studies \| Experienced Faculty \| Faculty members with academic knowledge and practical expertise in marketing \| Industry Collaborations \| Collaborations with industry partners for networking, internships, and placement assistance \| Alumni Network \| Active alumni network for networking, mentorship, and career guidance \| Career Opportunities \| Various opportunities in marketing, sales, advertising, brand management, and related fields \| Reputed Institution \| Monad University is a recognized private university in India \| Benefits \| Description \| Comprehensive Curriculum \| Offers a comprehensive curriculum covering market research, consumer behavior, advertising, brand management, sales management, and digital marketing \| Practical Exposure \| Provides opportunities for hands-on experience through internships, industry projects, and case studies \| Industry-Relevant Skills \| Develops skills necessary for success in marketing and related fields \| Networking Opportunities \| Collaboration with industry partners facilitates networking opportunities for students \| Placement Assistance \| Assistance with internships and job placements through a dedicated placement cell or career services department \| Alumni Support \| Access to an active alumni network for mentoring and career guidance \| Professional Faculty \| Faculty members bring a blend of academic expertise and industry experience to the classroom \| Reputation \| Monad University has established itself as a reputable institution for quality education \| Admission Process:MBA in Marketing Management from Monad University - Check Eligibility: Ensure that you meet the eligibility criteria for the MBA in Marketing Management program at Monad University. This usually includes having a bachelor's degree from a recognized university with a minimum required percentage or CGPA. - Application Form: Obtain the application form from the university's official website or the admissions office. Fill out the application form with accurate and relevant information. - Entrance Exams: Some universities require candidates to appear for national or state-level entrance exams such as CAT (Common Admission Test), MAT (Management Aptitude Test), XAT (Xavier Aptitude Test), or others. Check if Monad University has any specific entrance exam requirements for the MBA program. - Submission of Documents: Gather all the necessary documents required for the application, which may include academic transcripts, entrance exam scores, identification proof, photographs, and any other supporting documents as specified by the university. - Application Fee: Pay the application fee as prescribed by Monad University. The payment method and fee amount will be mentioned in the application form or on the university's website. - Selection Process: Monad University may have a selection process that includes a combination of components such as entrance exam scores, academic performance, group discussions, personal interviews, and sometimes a written test or essay. The university will communicate the details of the selection process once your application is submitted. - Merit List and Admission Offer: After evaluating the applications and conducting the selection process, Monad University will release a merit list or offer admission to the selected candidates. The admission offer letter will contain information about the next steps to be taken. Syllabus for MBA in Marketing Management from Monad University: - Principles of Marketing - Consumer Behavior - Marketing Research - Sales Management - Advertising and Promotion Management - Brand Management - Retail Management - Digital Marketing - Strategic Marketing Management - Product and Brand Development - Market Segmentation and Targeting - Pricing Strategies - Distribution Management - International Marketing - Integrated Marketing Communications - Customer Relationship Management - Marketing Analytics - Social Media Marketing - Services Marketing - E-commerce and Online Marketing Scope after MBA in Marketing Management from Monad University: - Marketing Manager: As a marketing manager, you will be responsible for developing marketing strategies, managing marketing campaigns, conducting market research, analyzing consumer behavior, and overseeing promotional activities. - Brand Manager: Brand managers are responsible for managing and promoting a company's brand image. They develop brand strategies, create brand guidelines, monitor brand performance, and ensure consistent brand messaging across different channels. - Advertising Manager: Advertising managers oversee the planning, execution, and evaluation of advertising campaigns. They work closely with creative teams, media planners, and market researchers to develop effective advertising strategies. - Sales Manager: Sales managers are responsible for leading and managing sales teams. They set sales targets, develop sales strategies, analyze market trends, and monitor the performance of sales representatives. - Market Research Analyst: Market research analysts collect and analyze data to understand market trends, consumer preferences, and competitive landscapes. They conduct surveys, interviews, and data analysis to provide insights that help organizations make informed marketing decisions. - Digital Marketing Manager: With the increasing importance of digital channels, digital marketing managers oversee online marketing campaigns, social media strategies, search engine optimization (SEO), content marketing, and digital advertising efforts. - Product Manager: Product managers are responsible for managing the lifecycle of a product, from development to marketing and sales. They conduct market research, define product features, set pricing strategies, and coordinate product launches. - Business Development Manager: Business development managers identify new business opportunities, build relationships with potential clients, negotiate contracts, and develop strategies to expand the organization's customer base. - Market Analyst: Market analysts study market trends, monitor competitor activities, analyze customer data, and provide insights that help organizations make informed marketing decisions. - Consultant: With an MBA in Marketing Management, you can also work as a marketing consultant, providing expert advice and solutions to businesses to improve their marketing strategies and operations. FAQ for MBA in Marketing Management from Monad University: - What is the duration of the MBA in Marketing Management program at Monad University? - The MBA in Marketing Management program at Monad University is typically a two-year program, divided into four semesters. - What are the eligibility criteria for the MBA in Marketing Management program at Monad University? - The specific eligibility criteria may vary, so it's best to refer to Monad University's official website or contact their admissions department for the most accurate information. However, generally, candidates are required to have a bachelor's degree in any discipline from a recognized university with a minimum required percentage or CGPA. - Is work experience required to pursue an MBA in Marketing Management at Monad University? - Work experience is not typically mandatory for admission into the MBA in Marketing Management program. However, some universities may consider work experience as a factor during the selection process. - Does Monad University accept national-level entrance exam scores for MBA admissions? - It's advisable to check Monad University's official website or contact their admissions department to determine if they accept national-level entrance exam scores such as CAT, MAT, or XAT for MBA admissions. - What is the selection process for admission to the MBA in Marketing Management program at Monad University? - The selection process may involve a combination of components such as entrance exam scores, academic performance, group discussions, personal interviews, and sometimes a written test or essay. Monad University will communicate the specific details of the selection process to applicants. - Can I pursue the MBA in Marketing Management program through distance or online learning? - It's best to check with Monad University directly to determine if they offer a distance or online learning option for the MBA in Marketing Management program. - What are the career prospects after completing an MBA in Marketing Management from Monad University? - Graduates of the MBA in Marketing Management program can explore various career opportunities in marketing, advertising, sales, brand management, digital marketing, market research, and related fields. Job roles may include marketing manager, brand manager, advertising manager, sales manager, market research analyst, digital marketing manager, and more. - Does Monad University provide placement assistance to MBA students? - Monad University may have a dedicated placement cell or career services department that assists students with internships and job placements. It's advisable to check with the university for more information on their placement services.
Bath scholar's new book explores journey from poverty to the heart of violence How Black Was My Valley" and discover a raw, personal history of South Wales' mining towns, as Professor Brad Evans confronts the ghosts of poverty and violence in his own backyard VALLEYS : Professor Brad Evans has a new book out Professor Brad Evans, a University of Bath scholar raised on the Penrhys estate, delves into the heart of violence in his upcoming book, "How Black Was My Valley: Poverty and Abandonment in a Post-Industrial Heartland." The book, published by Repeater Books and available April 10, tackles a range of issues plaguing former South Wales mining towns, from poverty and structural violence to veteran PTSD and the crisis of white male identity. What began 20 years ago on a research trip into the Zapatista Army, in the jungles of Chiapas, Mexico; has now arrived at the Rhondda valleys. From the Middle East to Ukraine, violence erupts all over the world. But instead of choosing a distant land, Prof Brad Evans allows us to see him as the boy who grew up in poverty on the Penrhys housing estate in the late 70s and early 80s. He said: "I've been asking myself why I needed to travel to the other side of the world to study violence when I grew up in communities blighted by similar issues of underdevelopment, political neglect, criminality and daily brutalities. The former mining valleys of South Wales top most league tables for social and political concern in the UK and beyond. Yet I barely wrote about them, let alone considered them as the focus for my research." "How Black Was My Valley" is a people's history of the former mining communities of South Wales. "How Black Was My Valley" serves as a people's history of these South Wales communities. It weaves personal stories with a broader political context, painting a stark picture of hardship, abandonment, and the tragic decline of a region that once powered the British Empire. Evans explores the harsh realities of poverty, unemployment, and the violence embedded within the social structure. He examines the challenges faced by white working-class men, the struggles of veterans grappling with PTSD, and the alarming rise of drug abuse and suicide. The book has already garnered praise from notable figures, including former Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock, author Phil Scraton, and writer Lucy Easthope. To celebrate the book's release, Professor Evans will be hosting a launch event at Y Tabernacl Auditorium in Powys on April 12, 2pm. He will also be holding a book talk at Topping and Company Booksellers in Bath on May 2, 7:30pm.
Up to 70% of patients with major depressive disorder present with psychomotor disturbance (PmD), but at the present time understanding of its pathophysiology is limited. In this study, we capitalized on a large sample of patients to examine the neural correlates of PmD in depression. This study included 820 healthy participants and 699 patients with remitted (n = 402) or current (n = 297) depression. Patients were further categorized as having psychomotor retardation, agitation, or no PmD. We compared resting-state functional connectivity (ROI-to-ROI) between nodes of the cerebral motor network between the groups, including primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, sensory cortex, superior parietal lobe, caudate, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, and cerebellum. Additionally, we examined network topology of the motor network using graph theory. Among the currently depressed 55% had PmD (15% agitation, 29% retardation, and 11% concurrent agitation and retardation), while 16% of the remitted patients had PmD (8% retardation and 8% agitation). When compared with controls, currently depressed patients with PmD showed higher thalamo-cortical and pallido-cortical connectivity, but no network topology alterations. Currently depressed patients with retardation only had higher thalamo-cortical connectivity, while those with agitation had predominant higher pallido-cortical connectivity. Currently depressed patients without PmD showed higher thalamo-cortical, pallido-cortical, and cortico-cortical connectivity, as well as altered network topology compared to healthy controls. Remitted patients with PmD showed no differences in single connections but altered network topology, while remitted patients without PmD did not differ from healthy controls in any measure. We found evidence for compensatory increased cortico-cortical resting-state functional connectivity that may prevent psychomotor disturbance in current depression, but may perturb network topology. Agitation and retardation show specific connectivity signatures. Motor network topology is slightly altered in remitted patients arguing for persistent changes in depression. These alterations in functional connectivity may be addressed with non-invasive brain stimulation. Similar content being viewed by others Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders with a lifetime prevalence of up to 21% [1, 2]. MDD is among the leading causes of burden of disease [3] and treatments for it have mixed efficacy. About half of the patients with MDD do not respond to first-line medication and up to a third of the patients remain treatment-resistant even after multiple therapeutic attempts [4,5,6]. This poor treatment response may be due to the large heterogeneity of symptoms that can be present in MDD [7, 8]. One of the frequent symptom domains of MDD is psychomotor disturbance (PmD). It occurs in up to 70% of patients and is associated with higher depression severity and poorer treatment response to antidepressants [9,10,11,12,13]. PmD presents in two dimensions: psychomotor retardation (PmR) and psychomotor agitation (PmA). PmR is characterized by a reduction of movement and activity, e.g., postural slumping, lower volume of voice, reduced facial expressions, or slowed gait. PmA represents an increased amount or amplitude of movements, as well as a shift toward a more erratic nature of motion, e.g., restlessness. Despite their seemingly opposite nature, PmR and PmA can occur simultaneously [14]. Moreover, PmD tends to persist in remitted patients [15]. To date, the pathophysiology of PmD remains elusive, and there are no treatments available for this specific feature of MDD. MDD has been linked to various structural and functional brain alterations. Structural alterations encompass a global decrease of gray matter volume, particularly in cerebellum, limbic network, and multiple frontal areas [16]; as well as a cortical thinning in frontal, temporal, and limbic regions [17]. In addition, patients with MDD present with widespread lower fractional anisotropy, including the corona radiata, corpus callosum (genu and body but not splenium), external capsule, anterior limb of internal capsule, sagittal stratum, fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulate part of the cingulum bundle, and stria terminalis [18]. Furthermore, functional alterations have been reported in intrinsic resting-state networks such as the default mode network or the salience network [19,20,21]. However, little is currently known on neural correlates of PmD in depression, specifically. Lower physical activity is linked to altered white matter integrity in motor circuits in MDD [22, 23], and to altered perfusion in orbitofrontal, rostral frontal cortex, and supplementary motor area (SMA) where higher cerebral blood flow is associated with reduced physical activity [24], while patients with MDD and PmR reportedly present lower cerebral blood flow in the primary motor cortex than patients without PmR [25]. Alterations of BOLD resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) associated with PmD in MDD have not been explored. Three motor circuits that might be affected by motor disturbance have been proposed: (1), the cortico-basal ganglia circuit including primary motor cortex, caudate, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus; (2), the cerebello-thalamo-motor circuit, including primary motor cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum; and (3), the cortico-cortical motor circuit, including premotor and motor cortex, medial prefrontal cortex as well as parietal cortex [13, 26]. In the current study, we capitalized on a large cohort of healthy controls and patients with current or remitted MDD to explore the functional correlates of PmD at three levels: (i) diagnosis (MDD vs. controls), (ii) type of PmD in MDD (i.e., PmR or PmA), and (iii) PmD in distinct disorder states (current depression or remission). We examined resting-state functional connectivity and hypothesized PmD to be associated with altered connectivity within the 3 aforementioned motor circuits, especially in the cortical-subcortical connections. We also expected functional connectivity alterations associated with PmD to depend on depression states. We included 1683 participants from the Marburg-Münster Affective Disorders Cohort Study (MACS) for which both structural and resting-state data were available. The MACS is part of the FOR2107 research consortium that studies risk factors, course of illness, and neurobiological correlates of major psychoses, including MDD [27]. The sample in the present study consisted of 769 participants with current or history of MDD and 914 healthy controls (HC). General descriptions of the cohort and MRI protocols have been published elsewhere [27, 28]. Clinical assessments were conducted by trained psychologists. Instruments included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) [29], Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-I) [30], and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) [31], all of which had excellent intraclass correlations [27]. Briefly, participants aged 18−65 years were recruited at Marburg and Münster Universities in Germany through advertisements and in psychiatric hospitals. Diagnosis of MDD according to DSM-IV or lack thereof was confirmed by trained psychologists using the SCID [32]. Exclusion criteria included history of serious neurological or medical disorders, substance abuse, contraindication for MRI, and current benzodiazepine/opioid/Z-drugs use. Clinical assessments and MR scans took place after the participants provided written informed consent. The study and all procedures have been approved by the respective local Ethics committees and are in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants with a lifetime diagnosis of MDD were categorized as currently depressed or remitted. Current depression was defined as HAMD score >8. We further divided patients into those with PmD (slowed (HAMD item 8 "retardation" ≥1), agitated (HAMD item 9 "agitation" ≥1), concurrent agitation and retardation (PmM, HAMD items 8 and 9 ≥ 1)), and those without PmD (HAMD item 8 and 9 = 0) groups. Trained experts evaluated psychomotor behavior of the participants during the interviews. The HAMD items 8 and 9 are not self-reported and thus free from recall bias. We excluded 44 HC who scored at least 1 point in the PmD items of the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD), and 19 participants due to missing or incomplete HAMD. We additionally excluded 101 participants with a mean framewise displacement (mFD) > 0.5 mm in the resting-state sequence, resulting in a final sample of 1519 participants composed of 820 healthy participants and 699 patients (297 currently depressed, 402 remitted). Sample characteristics are reported in Table 1. Data acquisition MRI scans were acquired at both centers using 3 T Siemens scanners (Marburg: Tim Trio, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany, 12-channel head coil; Münster: Prisma, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany, 20-channel head coil). Sequences were kept as similar as possible across the two centers. One hardware change took place in Marburg during the study (replacement of a defective gradient coil) and one software change in Münster (switch on of pre-scan normalization) [28]. At both centers, a high resolution T1 scan (MPRAGE, voxelsize = 1 x 1x 1 mm3, TI = 900 ms, Marburg: TR = 1900 ms, TE = 2.26 ms, FA = 9°, 176 sagittal slices; Münster: TR = 2130 ms, TE = 2.28 ms, FA = 9°, 192 sagittal slices) and 8 min of resting-state fMRI (T2* EPI, 237 volumes, voxelsize =3.28 × 3.28 × 4.18 mm, TR = 2000 ms, FA = 90°, Marburg: TE = 30 ms; Münster: TE = 29 ms) were acquired. Results of functional connectivity analyses in this cohort have been recently reported in relation to different aims [33, 34]. Image preprocessing Resting-state data preprocessing and analyses were carried out in the CONN toolbox 20.b (www.nitrc.org/projects/conn) under Matlab 2020b (MathWorks, Natick, USA). We followed the standard preprocessing pipeline in the CONN toolbox including realignment, slice-timing correction, direct segmentation and normalization, and smoothing with a 5 mm FWHM kernel. Subjects with mFD > 0.5 mm were excluded. Denoising included regressing out noise from white matter and cerebrospinal fluid signals, motion regression, temporal bandpass filtering (0.008−0.09 Hz), and detrending, similar to the preprocessing pipelines in previous studies [33, 34]. We performed the analyses with and without scrubbing (thresholds: global-signal z-value: 5, motion: 0.9 mm), as well as with and without HC presenting some level of PmD. Since results did not differ substantially, we only report the analyses without scrubbing and excluding HC subjects with PmD. Statistical analysis of behavioral data was carried out in R 4.0.3 (R Core Team, https://www.R-project.org/). We compared age, sex distribution, education, depression severity (i.e., BDI-I and HAMD-sums), and global functioning between HC, currently depressed, and remitted patients (Table 1), and between PmD groups in currently depressed and remitted patients separately (Table 2) using ANOVAs and Chi-square tests, where appropriate. To compare the HAMD-sums, we subtracted the two PmD items from the sum, as we used these items for categorization and, thus biased the PmD groups toward higher sum-scores. To examine whether resting-state BOLD connectivity within the cerebral motor network is altered by MDD and PmD, we performed a ROI-to-ROI analysis with 18 anatomical ROIs covering cortical and subcortical regions of the motor network: Left and right primary motor (M1) and sensory (S1) cortices, superior parietal lobule, thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, SMA from the Harvard-Oxford atlases [35,36,37,38], and cerebellar lobules 4 and 5 (the lobules classically most associated with motor function, as one ROI) from the AAL atlas [39]. We extracted timeseries for each ROI and cross-correlated them for each participant using bivariate correlations. Then we compared the resulting z-transformed correlation matrices between groups as specified below. Connection-level hypotheses were evaluated using multivariate parametric statistics with random-effects across subjects and sample covariance estimation across multiple measurements. Inferences were performed at the level of individual clusters (groups of similar connections). Cluster-level inferences considered groups of related ROIs identified using a complete-linkage hierarchical clustering procedure [40] based on ROI-to-ROI anatomical proximity and functional similarity metrics [41]. Once these groups of ROIs were defined, the entire set of connections between all pairs of ROIs within- and between- group connectivity sets was analyzed. To examine whether the efficiency of this predefined cerebral motor network is altered by MDD and PmD, we performed a graph theory analysis (as implemented in the CONN toolbox) using a cost-thresholded network with the above-mentioned ROIs as nodes and their two-sided correlations as edges. The optimal threshold was determined by iterating across cost threshold values and selecting the threshold with maximized joint difference of global efficiency from lattices and local efficiency from random graphs. This approach maximizes small-world properties of the network [42] and yielded an optimal cost threshold of 0.2 for our dataset. Cost thresholds ensure networks of equal size as the same number of edges are retained (i.e., in our case only the strongest 20% of connections were retained in each subject). We extracted the global efficiency and clustering coefficient as network efficiency metrics [42,43,44,45]. The global efficiency is the inverse of average shortest paths between nodes. At the network level, it is considered to reflect communication efficiency (i.e., how fast the information circulates between the nodes of the networks). The clustering coefficient describes the mean probability that the nodes to which a node is connected are also connected to each other. At the network level, the clustering coefficient reflects the averaged coefficient across all the ROIs included in that network. High mean clustering is considered to be a measure of high resilience to change of the network. We performed categorical analyses to compare HC with all patients, and with currently depressed and remitted patients separately. To examine the specific effects of PmD, we also compared healthy participants to both currently depressed and remitted patients with and without PmD, respectively. Then, we compared the PmD groups with each other. Finally, we compared the PmD groups between depressive states. We included regressors to account for the MR hardware and software changes, mFD, age, and sex in all analyses. We considered differences with q-FDR < 0.05 on cluster level to be significant. In addition, we compared global efficiency and clustering coefficient between groups. Furthermore, we performed dimensional analyses in patients with MDD to explore the association between symptom severity or outcome (as assessed by HAMD or GAF) and resting-state BOLD ROI-to-ROI connectivity within the cerebral motor network. Finally, a structural analysis has been performed using gray matter density of each of the ROIs, which is presented in Supplementary material A. Clinical and demographic findings Age was not significantly different between the currently depressed patients and the other groups, but remitted patients were slightly older than healthy participants. Each group was approximately two-thirds female, whilst education did not differ between groups. As expected and partially per the criteria for group allocation, currently depressed participants had higher depression severity than the other groups and remitted participants showed higher depression severity than healthy participants. Clinical presentation of psychomotor disturbance Proportions of patients with PmD and characteristics of PmD groups are presented in Table 2. Among the remitted patients, only two had concurrent PmR and PmA. Notably, depression severity did not differ between PmD groups in currently depressed or remitted patients, but participants with PmD had poorer global functioning (GAF) than those without. Due to their small sample size, the sub-analyses dedicated to the patients presenting concurrent PmR and PmA and the comparisons between PmR and PmA in the remitted patients are presented in Supplementary material B. Functional connectivity at rest in the motor network ROI-to-ROI comparisons in the motor network between healthy participants and all patients showed alterations in the cerebral motor network with increased thalamo-cortical, pallidum-primary sensorimotor cortex, and cortico-cortical connectivity (Fig. 1A). However, subsequent analyses comparing healthy with remitted and currently depressed patients separately only showed differences between the currently depressed patients and healthy participants (Fig. 1B). There were no differences between remitted patients and healthy participants, nor between currently depressed and remitted patients. Next, the comparison of currently depressed patients with PmD and HC showed higher thalamo-cortical and pallido-cortical connectivity in depressed patients with PmD (Fig. 1D). Investigating specific types of PmD, currently depressed patients with PmA had higher thalamo-cortical and pallido-cortical, but lower subcortical (thalamus-caudate, putamen-caudate) connectivity than HC (Fig. 1E). Currently depressed patients with PmR had higher thalamo-cortical and lower caudate-SPL connectivity only at ROI-level FDR correction instead of cluster-level FDR correction (Fig. 1F). Comparing currently depressed patients without PmD and HC, we observed differences that were very similar to those in the comparison of all currently depressed patients and HC, including higher thalamo-cortical, pallido-cortical, and cortico-cortical connectivity, as well as lower cortico-caudate connectivity in currently depressed patients without PmD (Fig. 1C). Statistical details are presented in Supplementary material C. Comparison between remitted patients with and without PmD and HC showed no differences in connectivity in the cerebral motor system. We found no differences in functional connectivity in the cerebral motor network between currently depressed patients with or without PmD, nor between patients with PmR and those with PmA. In sum, currently depressed with PmD, PmA or PmR differed from HC in cortico-subcortical functional connectivity in the motor circuit. Reproduction of the analyses with scrubbing and with PmD-affected healthy participants showed no substantially different results than the main analyses. Graph theory network metrics Adjusted effects for graph theoretical measures per group and significant between-group differences are displayed in Fig. 2. No differences emerged between HC and all patients, HC and currently depressed or remitted patients separately, as well as between currently depressed and remitted patients. Similarly, there was no difference between current PmD, current PmA, or current PmR compared to HC. However, lack of PmD in current MDD was associated with lower efficiency in the motor network: currently depressed patients without PmD had lower global efficiency and higher clustering coefficient than both HC or currently depressed with PmD. Similarly, currently depressed patients with either PmR or PmA had higher global efficiency than those without PmD. Among the remitted patients, PmD was linked to aberrant motor network metrics: Patients with PmD or PmR had lower global efficiency and higher clustering coefficients compared to HC or remitted patients without PmD. In turn, remitted patients without PmD did not show any differences compared to HC. When we compared pairs of PmD subgroups between currently depressed and remitted patients, we found that currently depressed patients with PmD or PmR had higher global efficiency and lower clustering than their remitted counterparts. But the effect was reversed for patients without motor symptoms: currently depressed patients without PmD had lower global efficiency and higher clustering coefficient in the motor network compared to remitted patients without PmD. Detailed statistics are presented in Supplementary material C. Dimensional analyses of symptoms and functioning Depression severity as measured with HAMD was associated with a bilateral decrease of thalamus-caudate functional connectivity (Fig. 3A, Supplementary material C). Moreover, impaired global functioning was associated with decreased bilateral connectivity in the cerebellum (lobules 4−5) and an increased cortico-cortical connectivity between bilateral post/precentral gyri and the bilateral SMA (Fig. 3B, Supplementary material C). Among patients with MDD, depression severity was not linked to graph theory metrics. However, impaired global functioning was associated with lower global efficiency and a higher clustering coefficient in the motor network (Supplementary material C). Structural analyses No group difference was detected in the GMD of any ROI. In addition, we could not observe any significant association between the GMD of each ROI and clinical ratings (GAF and HAMD scores) following FDR correction for 18 ROIs (all tau >0.05, all pFDR > 0.2)). These results are presented in Supplementary material A. The current study sought to examine the neural correlates of PmD in MDD using resting-state functional connectivity and graph theoretical measures in a large cohort (1519 participants from the MACS dataset [27]). In line with our hypotheses, currently depressed patients with PmD had specific resting-state connectivity alterations in the motor circuit compared to HC. Results varied by the type of PmD. Subjects with PmR had higher connectivity in thalamo-cortical connections, while subjects with PmA had higher connectivity in pallido-cortical connections. None of these functional connectivity alterations were observed in remitted patients. Additionally, network characteristics differed between patients with and those without PmD and these differences had opposite directions in currently depressed and remitted patients. Clinical presentation of psychomotor disturbance in MDD More than half of the currently depressed and one of six individuals with remitted MDD had PmD, demonstrating the importance of PMD in current and remitted MDD [13, 15]. These numbers (55% and 16%) of PmD frequencies are lower than those of previous studies reporting PMD in 70−75% of severely depressed patients [9,10,11,12,13]. This discrepancy could be explained by several specificities of the current sample. First, the cohort was not designed to assess motor disturbances with specific instruments. In addition, the average depression severity in the currently depressed group was mild to moderate, indicating that our sample did not include a large proportion of cases with severe depression, in whom PmD is more frequent [46,47,48,49]. We did not find that higher depression severity was associated with PmD in the currently depressed patients [50, 51]. However, both remitted and currently depressed patients with PmD had lower global functioning as measured by the GAF than the groups without PmD. Therefore, although PmD was unrelated to higher depression severity in our sample, the presence of PmD was associated with more impairment, even in remitted patients. Functional connectivity alterations within the motor network in patients with MDD and PmD The cerebral motor system is mainly in an inhibitory mode: only to allow releasing specific movements, disinhibition is used. Ongoing movement is primarily controlled by inhibitory action, for example via the SMA-subthalamic nucleus hyperdirect pathway to stop ongoing movement rapidly [52, 53]. The categorical resting-state functional connectivity analyses revealed alterations of the cerebral motor network in all currently depressed patients, even those without PmD. In line with the current literature [54], depression is associated with altered connectivity strength in the motor cortico-basal ganglia circuit and in particular within the thalamo-cortical and pallido-cortical connections. The classical model of the motor cortico-basal ganglia circuit consists of top-down inputs from (pre-)motor cortical areas to the striatum, bottom-up outputs from thalamus back to the cortical origins of the input, and the subcortical core circuit that includes the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra [55, 56]. Furthermore, there are a number of cortico-cortical connections between cerebral motor areas of the prefrontal and parietal cortex [57]. The current understanding is that cortico-cortical connections may modulate top-down and bottom-up signaling in the motor circuit, giving rise to psychomotor phenomena [26]. In line with this current top-down/bottum-up hypothesis and despite the lack of effective connectivity analyses, we suggest the following interpretation of the present results: Currently depressed subjects had stronger connectivity between M1 and pallidum, thalamus and motor cortex, as well as more cortico-cortical connectivity, while connectivity between SMA and caudate was reduced compared to HC, which could reflect a decreased input from SMA to caudate. Furthermore, the observed lower cortico-striatum connectivity could suggest that depression without PmD specifically has reduced motor top-down inputs to the striatum. Consequently, the motor-associated bottom-up outputs from the thalamus would be altered. In short, we suggest that reduced (pre-)motor cortical inputs cause altered thalamic outputs. Concurrently, we observed strongly increased cortico-cortical connectivity within the motor network, which might compensate for aberrant bottom-up signaling in MDD without PmD. In contrast, currently depressed patients with PmD did not show alterations in cortico-caudate or cortico-cortical connections within the motor network, while they had similarily increased connectivity in thalamo-cortical and pallido-cortical projections compared to controls. This finding supports the hypothesis of a compensatory increase in cortico-cortical connectivity within the motor network that could prevent PmD in MDD. The associations of resting state connectivity with symptoms and community functioning also speak towards compensatory connectivity changes in MDD. Specifically, patients with lower global functioning showed increased cortico-cortical connectivity in premotor and motor cortices. In addition, alterations in thalamus-caudate resting-state functional connectivity are associated with increased depression severity. These results emphasize the important role of the motor network in depression severity and functional outcome [13]. For example, PmR is related to familial aggregation of depression, treatment effects, symptom severity as well as poor reward learning [50, 58,59,60,61]. Graph theoretical alterations of the motor network Comparison of HC and currently depressed patients on network metrics revealed no differences in topology of the motor network with one exception: The subgroup without PmD had lower global efficiency and higher clustering than both HC and patients with PmD. This suggests either that current depression has a perturbing effect on the network that is compensated in patients with PmD, or that compensatory changes that prevent PmD may perturb the network in patients without PmD. The latter of these two interpretations aligns with the results of our classical functional connectivity analysis. Remitted patients showed inverse effects: Remitted patients with PmD had lower global efficiency and higher clustering coefficient than HC and patients without PmD, indicating that some motor network alterations persist in patients with PmD during remission. As there were no differences between remitted patients with PmD and the other groups in the classical functional connectivity analyses, these alterations are likely very subtle on the single connection level. The lack of compensatory changes in current depression with PmD and persisting changes in remitted depression with PmD point towards reduced adaptability in PmD. Moreover, our data suggests largely preserved polarity of functional connectivity of the motor network across groups, while the aberrant magnitude of motor network connectivity might drive PmD. Given that a number of psychiatric disorders including MDD are associated with an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in cerebral circuits [62], this might be specifically true for the motor circuit. Other studies on resting-state connectivity found similar alterations in PmD across different populations (bipolar disorder and schizophrenia) [63, 64], suggesting transdiagnostic pathways. These results support NIMH's RDoC framework, which calls for multidimensional and transdiagnostic examination of sensorimotor constructs [13]. Conversely, Cantisani et al. reported differences in the associations of cerebral blood flow and physical activity between unipolar and bipolar depressed patients, challenging the transdiagnostic approach [65]. As we hypothesized, these functional connectivity alterations associated with PmD seem to depend on depression states. In fact, no resting-state functional connectivity alterations of the motor network were found in the classical ROI-to-ROI analysis in remitted patients, even in those with PmD and graph metrics were inversed between mood states. Thus, the rs-fMRI alterations in the motor circuit may be most prominent during acute illness and persist into remission in a more subtle form only in a subpopulation of patients with the most robust network alterations. Within PmD, findings suggest distinct changes of motor network connectivity in PmR and PmA, albeit different than hypothesized by Northoff and colleagues [66]. PmR was characterized by higher thalamo-cortical connectivity without changes in pallido-cortical connectivity. As PmR is hypokinetic, the observed increase in thalamo-cortical activity is likely net inhibitory. Specifically, the alterations were more pronounced in the connections involving primary motor and sensory cortices but were also present in the connections with SMA. These results parallel previous work demonstrating that PmR in MDD is linked to altered structural connectivity in motor pathways [22, 23], cerebral blood flow in M1 [25], and task-based connectivity between SMA and basal ganglia [67]. Similarly, increased thalamo-cortical connectivity in schizophrenia was linked to hypokinetic motor abnormalities [68]. In contrast, PmA was characterized by prominent higher pallido-cortical connectivity focusing on M1 and S1. While higher thalamocortical connectivity was also present in PmA, it was restricted to parietal cortices. However, our findings argue against a simple transdiagnostic continuum in which PmR results from reduced thalamo-cortical connectivity and PmA from increased thalamo-cortical connectivity as suggested by Northoff and colleagues [66]. Albeit very useful, their model requires more testing and updating. Finally, the data of the current study may guide efforts to apply neuromodulation to aberrant motor networks in MDD. Both M1 and SMA could be valuable targets for transcranial magnetic stimulation. A prior study found that inhibitory rTMS on the SMA ameliorated PmR in a transdiagnostic sample including MDD [69]. The present study has some limitations. As mentioned above, this study was not designed to assess PmD specifically. Therefore, a relevant number of patients with subtle PmD might have been considered as having no PmD. Our sample showed moderate total depression and PmD severity and a more severely depressed population might include a larger proportion of patients with PmD. Thus, generalizability to more severely depressed patients may be limited and our results warrant replication in such a sample. Even if the current study is providing a large overview of the brain alterations associated with PmD in MDD, the understanding of these complex conditions would benefit from adding further imaging modalities, such as structural connectivity, effective connectivity, task-based connectivity and activations. Finally, to capture the trait vs. state effects, longitudinal analyses would be required in a group of patients with PmD. The present study is the first one to provide an exploration of the neural correlates of PmD in MDD using classical resting-state functional connectivity as well as network measures based on graph theory. PmA and PmR showed specific connectivity signatures within the motor network while we found evidence for compensatory increased cortico-cortical connectivity that may prevent PmD in current depression. This compensatory connectivity change disturbs network topology. 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Distinct resting-state perfusion patterns underlie psychomotor retardation in unipolar vs. bipolar depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2016;134:329–38. Northoff G, Hirjak D, Wolf RC, Magioncalda P, Martino M. All roads lead to the motor cortex: psychomotor mechanisms and their biochemical modulation in psychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26:92–102. Sarkheil P, Odysseos P, Bee I, Zvyagintsev M, Neuner I, Mathiak K. Functional connectivity of supplementary motor area during finger-tapping in major depression. Compr Psychiatry. 2020;99:152166. Walther S, Stegmayer K, Federspiel A, Bohlhalter S, Wiest R, Viher PV. Aberrant hyperconnectivity in the motor system at rest is linked to motor abnormalities in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Bull. 2017;43:982–92. Walther S, Alexaki D, Schoretsanitis G, Weiss F, Vladimirova I, Stegmayer K, et al. Inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to treat psychomotor slowing: a transdiagnostic, mechanism-based randomized double-blind controlled trial. Schizophrenia Bull Open. 2020;1:sgaa020. This work is part of the German multicenter consortium "Neurobiology of Affective Disorders. A translational perspective on brain structure and function ", funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG; Forschungsgruppe/Research Unit FOR2107). TK (speaker FOR2107; DFG grant numbers KI 588/14-1, KI 588/14-2, KI 588/15-1, KI 588/17-1), UD (co-speaker FOR2107; DA 1151/5-1, DA 1151/5-2, DA 1151/6-1), BS: STR 1146/18-1, Axel Krug (KR 3822/5-1, KR 3822/7-2), Igor Nenadic (NE 2254/1-2), TH (HA7070/2-2), Andreas Jansen (JA1890/7-1, JA1890/7-2), RN (CRC 1451/A7). This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH118741 to SAS, VAM, and SW). Open access funding provided by University of Bern. Author information Authors and Affiliations Drafting of the paper: FW, SL, SW. Conception and design: TK, UD, SW. Recruitment, clinical evaluation, acquisition, and quality control: NA, KB, KF, JG, DG, TH, HJ, AJ, EJL, SM, IN, RN, FS, BS, LT, KT, FTO, PU, AW, UD, TK. Analysis and interpretation of data: FW, SL, SW. Critical revision of the paper FW, SL, SW, VAM, SAS, NA, KB, KF, JG, DG, TH, HJ, AJ, EJL, SM, IN, RN, FS, BS, LT, KT, FTO, PU, AW, UD, TK. Final approval of the revised paper FW, SL, SW, VAM, SAS, NA, KB, KF, JG, DG, TH, HJ, AJ, EJL, SM, IN, RN, FS, BS, LT, KT, FTO, PU, AW, UD, TK. Obtain funding for data acquisition: TK, UD, IN, RN, BS. Obtain funding for data analyses: SAS, VAM, SW. Corresponding authors Ethics declarations Competing interests Sebastian Walther has received honoraria from Janssen, Lundbeck, Mepha, and Neurolite. Additional information Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Supplementary information Rights and permissions Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. About this article Cite this article Wüthrich, F., Lefebvre, S., Mittal, V.A. et al. The neural signature of psychomotor disturbance in depression. Mol Psychiatry 29, 317–326 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02327-1 Issue Date: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02327-1
Dreams about dying can be unsettling, but they are often symbolic and have hidden meanings. This informative guide will help you gain a better understanding of the meaning behind your dreams, so you can begin to make sense of them in a meaningful way. By exploring various dream scenarios, analyzing potential interpretations, and providing expert advice, this resource provides insightful guidance on how to interpret dreams about death or dying. With the knowledge gained here, you'll be better equipped to make sense of your fears and anxieties related to dreaming about death. Death in Dreams: Why Does it Happen? Before we can understand the meaning behind dreaming about death, it's essential to know why these dreams happen. Here are some reasons why people might dream about death: - Fear of the unknown: The idea of what happens after we die is one of the biggest mysteries of life, and it's natural for humans to fear the unknown. - Anxiety: People who experience anxiety or those who have experienced a recent loss may be more prone to dreaming about death. - Symbolism: In some cases, dreaming about death could be symbolic of something else happening in your life. What Does a Dream About Dying Mean? There is no fixed interpretation of dreaming about death, as it could mean different things depending on the context of the dream. Here are some possible interpretations: 1. Fear of Change Dreams about death can be unsettling, but they are not necessarily a bad omen. In fact, in some cases, they could be interpreted as a fear of change. When you dream about someone dying, it might represent the end of a chapter in your life. This could be a positive thing, such as the completion of a project or achieving a goal, or it could be a negative thing, such as the end of a relationship or the loss of a job. The interpretation of dreams about death depends on the context of the dream and the emotions associated with it. For example, if you dream that you die, it might represent a desire for a fresh start or a feeling of being overwhelmed by stress. Alternatively, if you dream about the death of a loved one, it could signify that you're afraid of losing someone or something important to you. It's worth noting that dreams about death don't always have to be taken literally. Rather, they often serve as metaphors for other aspects of our lives. For instance, dreaming about a funeral might symbolize the end of a significant period or phase in your life. Similarly, dreaming about a graveyard could indicate feelings of stagnation or even a sense of being buried alive. 2. Transformation Death is often seen as a symbol of transformation in various cultures and traditions around the world. It represents the end of something old and the beginning of something new. In dreams, death can also have similarly transformative meanings. If you dream about dying, it could be interpreted as a sign that you are ready to let go of the old and embrace the new. Dreams about dying can be unsettling, but they may actually represent positive changes happening in your life. You may be going through a significant change or transition, such as a career change, a move to a new city, or even a breakup. These changes can bring up feelings of uncertainty and fear, but they can also offer opportunities for growth and self-discovery. In some cases, dreaming about death may also represent a desire for change or transformation. Perhaps you feel stuck in your current situation and are longing for something new and different. This dream could be a manifestation of those desires and a signal that it's time to take action towards creating the changes you want in your life. It's important to note that not all dreams about death have transformative meanings. Sometimes, these dreams can simply reflect anxieties or fears we have about mortality or losing loved ones. It's essential to look at the context of the dream and your current life situation to determine its potential significance. 3. Rebirth Dreams about death are often associated with negative connotations such as fear, loss, and sadness. However, some experts believe that dreaming about death can also be interpreted in a positive way as a symbol of rebirth and new beginnings. One way to look at dreaming about death as a positive omen is to view it as a sign that you're ready to start a new chapter in your life. This could mean that you have reached a point where you feel prepared to leave behind past traumas, negative habits, or toxic relationships that may have been holding you back. In this sense, the dream of death can be seen as a metaphor for shedding old skin and embracing a new identity. Moreover, dreaming about death can also indicate that you're undergoing a process of transformation and change. Just like how a caterpillar transforms into a butterfly through a metamorphosis, dreaming about death may suggest that you're going through a similar process of transformation. As such, this dream can be a powerful reminder that change is possible, and that even the darkest moments can lead to new beginnings. It's worth noting that the interpretation of dreams is highly subjective, and what one person might perceive as a positive symbol of rebirth, another might interpret as a negative omen. Therefore, it's important to approach dream interpretation with an open mind, and to consider your own personal feelings and experiences when attempting to derive meaning from your dreams. 4. Fear of the Unknown Dreaming about death can be a disturbing and unsettling experience for many individuals. However, it's important to note that such dreams may not necessarily be an omen or indication of impending doom. Instead, they could simply be a reflection of your subconscious thoughts and feelings. One possible interpretation of dreaming about death is that it signifies a fear of the unknown. This fear could stem from various sources, such as concerns about changes in your personal life, uncertainties about career prospects, or worries about global events and their impact on society. Whatever the reason may be, the feeling of uncertainty and anxiety surrounding what the future holds can manifest in your dreams as thoughts of death. It's essential to identify the source of your anxiety and work towards addressing it. For instance, if you're concerned about changes in your personal life, you may need to have a conversation with your partner, family member, or friends to discuss your fears and find ways to cope with them. Similarly, if you're feeling uncertain about your professional future, it may be helpful to speak with a career counselor or seek out new opportunities that align with your goals and interests. In addition to seeking support from others, practicing self-care can also help alleviate anxiety and improve overall mental health. This could involve engaging in activities that bring you joy and relaxation, such as exercise, reading, or spending time in nature. Additionally, cultivating mindfulness through practices such as meditation or yoga can help you stay grounded and present in the moment, rather than ruminating on future uncertainties. Understanding the Symbolic Meaning of Dying in a Dream Dreams about death, either your own or the death of a loved one, can be deeply distressing and worrying. Dreams that represent death are symbolic rather than literal. Understanding these types of dreams can provide insight into our conscious and unconscious selves as well as allow us to learn more about our emotional state. The symbolism around dying in a dream varies depending on factors such as context, who is dying, and how it is symbolically represented within the dream. Metaphorically speaking, dreaming about dying usually indicates that something in our lives has changed—or perhaps will soon change—whether it is a situation, an element of behavior, an attitude, or a way of life. It may also suggest the development of patience in problem areas since something new takes time to build up. Alternatively, if you are worried about ending aspects of yourself in order to please others, then this could be emphasized in dreams involving death. When looking at the deeper meanings behind dreaming of one's own death, it often serves as a metaphor for personal growth and transformation, which brings with it the "death" and subsequent rebirth or reawakening of certain parts of oneself. In essence, such dreams serve as a reminder that change or transition is not only necessary but also accompanies every stage of human life. Death represents the completion or conclusion of an issue, from emotional trauma to reconciling relationships, both of which generally imply some form of closure within the dreamer's waking life. On another level, dreaming about death can also signal issues that have been suppressed from waking awareness for awhile. This type of dream possibly urges the dreamer not just to make peace with anything—including negative symbology—surrounding them but additionally confirms its necessity for further processing and resolution, thus clearing away potential ways future self-destructive choices might manifest themselves throughout our lives. Finally, another common interpretation when examining such themes revolves around themes of grief or missing somebody significantly close to you (i.e., romantic partners). It is believed that such dreams alone declare acceptance rites associated with forgetting someone, essentially motivating us to emotionally let go without having any regrets past experiences may bring into today's reality; this is the ultimate consequence linked to dreaming concerning dying. Examining Fears and Emotions Related to Death Dreams Death dreams are a powerful expression of our worst fears and deepest emotions related to the unknown. As humans, we all contemplate our mortality from time to time and may experience feelings of anxiety during moments of self-reflection. When death appears in our dreams, it can bring up these same feelings as well as intense emotion. Dreaming about death allows us to confront our greatest anxieties and gain insight into how we feel about ourselves, our lives, and others. It is important to note that dreaming of death does not necessarily mean that physical death is forthcoming. Instead, dreams can represent a symbolic death or the dying away of old parts of oneself. Transforming into someone different who is ready for different things in life could be represented by a dream with death imagery. Death can also symbolize any ending in the dreamer's life, such as the end of a job position or relationship. When death appears in a dream, consider what the dream might be telling you about your innermost feelings. Ask yourself questions about why this situation has been presented in this manner and determine if there is something in your life you need to let go of or transform. Examining why you think particular loved ones have died in your dreams is beneficial as it helps uncover deeper emotions connected to them that may remain unresolved and unacknowledged by you or them until now. More often than not, dreams related to death just remind us that life ends, so it is better to make the most of it while we can. Our dreams can help us access our internal wisdom and focus on what matters most: living our extraordinary lives with intention rather than fear or disbelief. Dreams serve as an opportunity for us to understand how we truly feel without judgment from outside sources, allowing us to explore both positive and negative elements without consequence until we sort through them using logic or alternate perspectives upon waking up. Considering Different Types of Death Dreams Dreams about death can be some of the most frightening and emotionally intense dreams that a person may experience. But despite being alarming and upsetting, these dream experiences offer insight into one's inner life and can have a multitude of meanings depending on the type of dream experienced. Death fantasies in dreams typically focus on either sudden, unexpected death; gradual, slow death from illness or senescence; an unexpected natural disaster to take away many lives at once; suicidality or death from leaving one's own choice; or general feelings of fear, doom, or helplessness in the face of an unknown end. Each situation carries its own unique psychological message for the dreamer to explore, which might be related to deep trauma or unprocessed emotions about any event where there was no resolution. For example, dreams involving sudden, unexpected deaths, such as those caused by accidents or violent means, can symbolize abrupt endings in everyday life constructions, like relationships, marriages, or jobs, where the individual feels destroyed with no options for survival left. These types of dreams often point to a lack of closure in current circumstances, resulting in unresolved emotional turmoil within oneself. Therefore, understanding similar traumas held onto in waking consciousness is necessary for an emotionally healthy resolution to this subconscious terror evoked by the dream. Similarly, nightmares around gradual, slow death, such as falling ill or becoming older, signify changes occurring too rapidly without time enough for adaptation to those transitions taking place. By exploring unfinished emotions related to any type of identity crisis faced due to ageism and shifting family dynamics, it may help appear the conscious anxiety originated by such dreams. In cases of inevitable death, it may manifest through themes centered around culture-specific anxieties such as terminal illness, allowing cultural context to more accurately inform dream interpretation efforts. Unexpected natural disasters signifying mass casualties are not usually considered regular nightmares around death but rather different types of scenarios presenting non-specific fears rather than particular individuals being targeted. Such dreams present imagery produced by collective socioeconomic worries loaded with references to global events affecting large populations living in poverty stricken areas exposing them simultaneously to several compounding risks such pandemics, riots and famine; making them potential victims of multiple forms of anarchy occurring across national borders world wide correlated with power asymmetries among geopolitical countries vying against each other defined primarily by economic interests rather than humanitarian goals prioritizing people's needs above corporate benefits creating widespread future projections paving ways to new forms of dystopian realities explored through greater awareness when adopting a cross-cultural lens informed by historical facts used critically towards developing wiser alternatives connecting directly with our shared values as inhabitants of planet Earth aiming firstly at preserving our human species uniformity beyond technology confines. Overall dreaming about death signals fundamental concerns impacting each unique individual differently based upon past life situations imprinting subconscious beliefs ultimately provoking complex levels Nightmares offering chance opportunities pushing boundaries fostering personal growth when timely taken advantage towards conscious self regulation nurturing coherency inside for its further integration leading eventually towards physical wellbeing status improvement over long periods allowing reconstructing from infancy foundations lifelong pragmatic assertions embodied naturally within balanced conditioners installing calm profound peaceful resonance essential nutrients guiding soul souls journeys soft encompassing hovering winds embracing fortitude spells synchronized rituals calling polyphony tones soothing chakras vibration alignments activating creative source energies anytime around stillness absolute sounds giving voice existential truths setting free cosmic vibrations . Analyzing Your Overall Mental Health After Experiencing Death-Related Dreams Experiencing death-related dreams can be emotionally intense and have a profound impact on your mental health. Determining how these types of dreams affect you will help you better understand the underlying issues and provide an opportunity to process any associated emotions. It's important to take the time to analyze your overall mental health after experiencing such dream in order to increase self-awareness and maintain emotional well-being. After having a death-related dream, it's critical that you check in with yourself first and foremost in order to assess your emotional state. Being mindful of how the dream may have affected your outlook is especially important as these types of dreams often prompt feelings of anxiety or sadness. One way to help evaluate your mental health is to think about the past few days since the experience. Notice if there has been a change in your usual behavior, even subtle ones like suddenly becoming more withdrawn or irritable. If possible, reflect on why these shifts occurred–did they seem to coincide with certain events or circumstances? Writing down how you've felt throughout this period can help shed light on the external factors leading up to them. In addition, consider monitoring your physical health after experiencing a death-related dream—frequent headaches, stomachaches, and insomnia are only some indicators of poor psychological health. Additionally, try taking relaxation exercises such as deep breathing exercises, as calming activities following the event can aid in diffusing distressful emotions from the dream. Finally, reach out for social support when needed; talking about your experience with close family members or friends might ease tension in relation to the topic at hand. Analyzing one's overall mental health after experiencing death-related dreams is necessary for understanding potential stressors contributing to one's emotional state and improving overall wellbeing. Evaluate changes in attitude by reflecting on recent events prior to the occurrence of the dream and paying attention to any external sources that may play into feeling overwhelmed post-dreaming. Monitor signs of physical illness; take preventive measures such as exercise or meditation; and speak with others when possible as avenues of comfort going forward. Careful analysis of your moody fluctuations will ensure proper coping mechanisms are established so that distressing effects are mitigated before they are exacerbated further. Dreams about dying can often be difficult to interpret, as individual experiences with death vary greatly. However, most experts agree that dreaming about death usually symbolizes the end of something significant in the dreamer's life. This could be a situation, event, personality trait, or relationship that they are leaving behind in order to move forward and embrace something new. Many people view these types of dreams as a sign of growth or renewal after facing changes or challenging times. So while deciphering the exact meaning of death-related dreams may prove difficult, understanding that they represent a transitional moment could offer clarity and help propel the dreamer into transformation. Read more: Dreams About Dying What Does It Mean When You Dream About Your Own Death? The Meaning of Dreams About Getting Shot but Not Dying: An Analysis How Dreams About a Friend Dying Could Reveal Deeper Meanings and Messages Hey there! I am Salena Snyde, a dream psychologist with over 10 years of experience. I am the primary author of the Dream Meanings section on Impeccable Nest, where I not only share in-depth knowledge about the nature, function, and significance of dreams but also connect with readers through profound articles and quality information. With passion and a diverse knowledge of dreams, I have established strong connections with dream experts worldwide by reading articles and studying leading books on the subject. I believe that the combination of personal insights and sharing from the dream expert community can provide the most profound and comprehensive understanding for everyone.
Missing teeth can have a significant impact on your oral health and overall quality of life. Having gaps between your teeth can make it difficult to eat and speak. Lost teeth can cause bone loss in the jaw, and lead to further dental problems. Fortunately, dental implants offer a reliable and effective solution for replacing missing teeth and restoring your smile. Improved Chewing and Speech A primary benefit of dental implants is that they can restore your ability to eat and speak with confidence. When you're missing teeth, it can be difficult to bite and chew certain foods, leading to digestive problems and malnutrition. Additionally, missing teeth can affect your speech. Lost teeth cause you to slur your words or have difficulty enunciating them. Dental implants allow you to eat and speak as you normally would if you still had your real teeth. The fact that they replace tooth roots means that dental implants keep your bite force in tact. Prevention of Bone Loss Another major benefit of dental implants is that they can prevent bone loss in the jaw. When you lose a tooth, the jawbone in that area can begin to deteriorate. Jaw deterioration causes surrounding teeth to shift and lead to problems like crooked teeth and overcrowding. Dental implants are the only tooth replacement option that can stimulate the jawbone and prevent bone loss. This can help maintain the structure and integrity of your mouth. Improved Oral Health In addition to improving tooth function, dental implants can also have a positive impact on your overall oral health. When you're missing teeth, it can be difficult to keep your mouth clean and free of harmful bacteria. This can lead to gum disease, tooth decay, and other oral health problems. Dental implants are easy to clean, and they don't require any special care beyond regular brushing and flossing. This makes them a great option for people who want to maintain good oral health and prevent future dental problems. Long-Term Durability Unlike other tooth replacement options, such as dentures or bridges, dental implants are a permanent solution for missing teeth. They consist of high-quality materials, such as titanium and dental porcelain. This means that implants are strong and durable enough to withstand the pressures of daily use. With proper care and maintenance, dental implants can last for decades or even a lifetime. This makes them a great investment in your long-term oral health. Natural-Looking Results One of the most important benefits of dental implants is that they provide a natural-looking tooth replacement. Unlike dentures, which can look and feel artificial, dental implants are custom-made to match the size, shape, and color of your natural teeth. This means that they blend seamlessly into your smile. As a result, no one will be able to tell that you have implants unless you tell them.
Introduction to tracking data elimination The trend of eliminating tracking data from URLs appears to be gaining traction, as Firefox recently revealed its plan to give users the choice of whether or not to include tracking information in copied URLs. This raises questions about the potential impact on marketers and whether privacy-focused blocking will become a standard industry practice. As more users become concerned about their online privacy, there is a growing demand for internet browsers and companies to prioritize data protection and limit tracking capabilities. This shift towards privacy-focused browsing may require marketers to adapt their strategies and find alternative methods for monitoring user behavior without compromising personal data. New feature in Firefox Browser version 120.0 With the release of Firefox Browser version 120.0, users can now decide if they want their copied URLs to include tracking parameters. According to Firefox's release notes, the new "Copy Link Without Site Tracking" feature will guarantee that copied links are free of tracking data. This feature aims to enhance user privacy by preventing the sharing of sensitive data that may be included in tracking parameters. As a result, users can now share links with confidence, knowing that their browsing activity and personal information remain secure. Other browsers' approach to user privacy Other browsers, including Google Chrome and its variations, have also introduced features that hinder websites from tracking users through referrer information in URLs. This emphasis on privacy gained momentum in 2020 when Chrome changed its referrer information process, followed by Firefox and Safari. As a result, users have gained more control over their browsing privacy, reducing the ability of websites to collect and use their data for advertising purposes. This movement not only raises awareness about online privacy but also encourages browser developers to create increasingly secure browsing environments for their users. Concerns for marketers The main concern is whether the privacy-preserving actions taken by Firefox and Apple signal a broader trend that could result in more widespread blocking of URL parameters. This potential shift in approach may lead to significant challenges for marketers who have long relied on the tracking of URL parameters to optimize their digital marketing strategies. Consequently, businesses may need to adapt and explore alternative methods for gathering user data that prioritize privacy and abide by the regulations set by these tech giants. Industry experts' opinions Kenny Hyder, CEO of online marketing agency Pixel Main, suggests that this change could be disruptive if other prominent browsers adopt similar measures. Nevertheless, he acknowledges that resourceful marketers have already started employing future-proof alternatives, such as pixel-based integrations, which can offer more precise tracking and attribution while respecting user privacy. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, adoption of privacy-centric features by leading browsers is expected to increase. Advertisers and marketers must continuously innovate and adapt to leverage these solutions, ensuring accurate tracking, and attribution without compromising user privacy. Adapting to the privacy-centric landscape As the importance of privacy continues to grow within the industry, marketers will need to adjust their strategies and solutions to ensure they can maintain effective marketing campaigns without violating user privacy. One way to achieve this balance is by adopting privacy-first marketing approaches, such as utilizing permission-based marketing tactics and implementing data minimization practices that limit collection and sharing of user data. Additionally, marketers should focus on building strong trust relationships with customers by being transparent about data usage and providing easy-to-understand privacy policies that demonstrate a commitment to protecting user information. First Reported on: searchenginejournal.com Frequently Asked Questions What is tracking data elimination? Tracking data elimination is the process of removing tracking parameters from URLs, which prevents the sharing of sensitive data, enhances user privacy, and limits tracking capabilities. With the growing concern for online privacy, internet browsers and companies are prioritizing data protection and working towards more privacy-focused browsing experiences. How does Firefox Browser version 120.0 contribute to tracking data elimination? Firefox Browser version 120.0 introduces a new feature called "Copy Link Without Site Tracking," allowing users to decide if they want copied URLs to include tracking parameters. This ensures that copied links are free of tracking data, enhancing user privacy and keeping personal information secure. How do other browsers approach user privacy? Other browsers like Google Chrome and its variants have also introduced features that prevent websites from tracking users through referrer information in URLs. This focus on privacy gained momentum in 2020 when Chrome, Firefox, and Safari made changes to their referrer information processes, giving users more control over their browsing privacy and reducing data collection for advertising purposes. What are the concerns for marketers with tracking data elimination? As more browsers adopt privacy-preserving actions, marketers face challenges in optimizing their digital strategies, due to the potential increase in URL parameter blocking. This shift may require businesses to adapt and find alternative methods for gathering user data that prioritize privacy and comply with the regulations set by tech giants. What do industry experts say about the impact on marketing strategies? Industry experts believe that this change could be disruptive if more prominent browsers adopt similar measures. However, resourceful marketers have already started exploring future-proof alternatives, such as pixel-based integrations, which offer more precise tracking and attribution while respecting user privacy. How can marketers adapt to the privacy-centric landscape? Marketers can adopt privacy-first marketing approaches, such as permission-based marketing tactics and data minimization practices. Building strong trust relationships with customers by being transparent about data usage and providing easy-to-understand privacy policies can also help in maintaining effective marketing campaigns without violating user privacy.
The most common flaw in web applications is the injection flaw. Interactive web application takes input from the user, processes it, and returns the output to the client. When the application is vulnerable to an injection flaw, it accepts input from the user with improper or no validation and processes it, which results in actions that the application did not desire to perform. The malicious input tricks the application, forcing the underlying components to perform tasks that the application was not programmed for. In other words, an injection flaw allows the attacker to control components of the application. In this chapter, we will discuss the major injection flaws and cover the following topics: Command injection flaw Identifying injection points Tools to exploit command injection flaw SQL injection flaw Attack potential of the flaw Different tools in Kali Linux to exploit SQLi An injection flaw is used to gain access to the underlying...
Learn Norwegian language, memorize, practice, listen verbs with flashcards Learn 3500 Norwegian nouns, adjectives, and verbs to enrich your vocabulary. Memorize the most common Norwegian words. Listen to the pronunciation of the words. Learn with word games, phrases, and word lists. Use flash cards to master frequently used, core vocabulary. Build a daily habit of learning 5 words a day to see long term progress. - Flip the flashcards to find out the meaning of the Norwegian words. - Swipe right if you learned the word. - Swipe left if you want the card to be shown again in the future. - Listen to the pronunciation of the Norwegian words, verbs, phrases, and adjectives. - Track your progress in each level. - Images provided in the back of the card to help you remember the words naturally. New images are being added. - Review learned words. - Play word games to practice in an entertaining way. - Earn points by learning and practicing. Then unlock phrases and word lists. - Favorite words and stats. - Common words for all levels: A1,A2,B1,B2,C1,C2 - Unlock Phrasebook and word lists as you progress for several topics. Play, Learn and Speak – discover common phrases for daily Norwegian conversation!✔... Hungarian learning app LinGo Play is an interesting and effective vocabulary trainer... Quickly learn to speak and understand Dutch with interactive video lessons narrated... Quickly learn to speak and understand Greek with interactive video lessons narrated... Quickly learn to speak and understand Levantine Arabic with interactive video lessons... What is the easiest way to learn French Vocabulary? 🇫🇷 The... Created with AppPage.net Similar Apps - visible in preview.
Do You Need a Special Rod for Baitcaster? Key Takeaways - Baitcasters require a specific type of rod called a baitcasting rod - Baitcasting rods are designed to work in harmony with baitcasting reels, maximizing performance and optimizing the fishing experience - Using the wrong rod with a baitcaster can lead to casting issues, decreased accuracy, and potential damage to equipment If you're an angler looking to level up your fishing game, you may have come across the term "baitcaster." Baitcasting reels are known for their versatility and precision, allowing for more accurate casts and better control over your lure. But do you need a special rod for a baitcaster? Let's dive into the details and find out. The answer is yes, baitcasters do require a specific type of rod called a baitcasting rod. This type of rod is designed to work in harmony with the baitcasting reel, maximizing its performance and optimizing your fishing experience. Using the wrong rod with a baitcaster can lead to casting issues, decreased accuracy, and even potential damage to your equipment. Understanding Baitcasting Rods So, what makes a baitcasting rod different from other fishing rods? The key lies in its design and features. Baitcasting rods are specifically engineered to handle the unique characteristics of baitcasting reels, which have a spool that rotates during casting. One of the main differences you'll notice is the placement of the reel seat. On a baitcasting rod, the reel seat is located on top of the rod, closer to the handle. This allows for a more comfortable and ergonomic grip, as well as better control over the reel's functions. Baitcasting rods also tend to be sturdier and more durable compared to other types of rods. This is because baitcasters are often used for targeting larger fish species, which require a rod with more backbone and power. The materials used in baitcasting rods, such as graphite or composite blends, are carefully chosen to provide the right balance of strength and sensitivity. Choosing the Right Baitcasting Rod When it comes to selecting a baitcasting rod, there are a few factors to consider. These include the power, action, length, and construction of the rod. The power of a baitcasting rod refers to its ability to handle heavy loads and resist bending. Medium to medium-heavy power rods are generally recommended for baitcasters, as they offer a good balance between sensitivity and strength. This power range allows you to cast heavier lures and handle larger fish without sacrificing control. The action of a rod refers to how much it flexes when pressure is applied. Fast action rods bend mainly at the tip, while moderate or slow action rods bend throughout the entire length. For baitcasting, a fast or medium-fast action rod is typically preferred, as it provides a quicker response and better sensitivity to subtle strikes. The length of the rod is another important consideration. Shorter rods, around 6 to 7 feet in length, are ideal for accuracy and precision casting in tight spaces. Longer rods, on the other hand, offer increased casting distance and leverage when fighting larger fish. Lastly, the construction of the baitcasting rod plays a crucial role in its performance. Look for rods that are made from high-quality materials and have a well-balanced design. Pay attention to the guides and reel seat, ensuring they are sturdy and properly aligned. Can You Use Any Rod with a Baitcaster? While it's possible to use a baitcasting reel with a different type of rod, it's not recommended. Baitcasters are designed to work in tandem with baitcasting rods, and using the wrong rod can lead to several issues. Firstly, casting accuracy and control may suffer. Baitcasting rods are specifically designed to handle the unique mechanics of baitcasting reels, allowing for smoother and more precise casts. Using a different rod may result in backlash, tangles, and a lack of control over your lure. Secondly, using the wrong rod can put unnecessary strain on your equipment. Baitcasting rods are built to handle the higher forces generated by baitcasting reels, ensuring optimal performance and durability. Using a rod that is not designed for baitcasting can lead to premature wear and tear, potentially damaging your reel or rod. Overall, it's best to invest in a proper baitcasting rod if you plan on using a baitcaster reel. The combination of a baitcasting rod and reel will provide you with the best casting performance, accuracy, and control. In conclusion, if you want to use a baitcaster reel, you will need a special rod called a baitcasting rod. These rods are specifically designed to work in harmony with baitcasting reels, maximizing their performance and optimizing your fishing experience. Using the wrong rod with a baitcaster can lead to casting issues, decreased accuracy, and potential damage to your equipment. It's best to choose a baitcasting rod that matches your fishing style, taking into consideration factors such as power, action, length, and construction. Related Websites: Q: Do you need a special rod for baitcaster? Yes, using a special rod designed for baitcaster reels is highly recommended. These rods are specifically designed to complement the unique features and needs of baitcasting reels, allowing for better casting accuracy, control, and overall performance. Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a baitcaster reel? Baitcaster reels offer several advantages such as greater casting distance, better control over lure placement, and the ability to handle heavier lines and lures. However, they may have a steeper learning curve compared to spinning reels and require more skill in terms of thumbing the spool to prevent backlash. Q: What are the main types of rods commonly used with baitcasting reels? The two main types of rods commonly used with baitcasting reels are casting rods and spinning rods. Casting rods are specifically designed for baitcasters and offer better sensitivity and power, while spinning rods are typically used with spinning reels and provide better versatility for various fishing techniques. Q: What are the key differences between casting and spinning rods? Casting rods and spinning rods differ in design and functionality. Casting rods have smaller guides, a trigger grip, and are generally stiffer to handle the higher forces generated by baitcasting reels. Spinning rods, on the other hand, have larger guides, a reel seat, and are more flexible to accommodate the spinning reel's unique characteristics. Q: What features should I consider when selecting a baitcasting rod? When selecting a baitcasting rod, consider factors such as rod length, power, action, and material. Longer rods provide better casting distance, while shorter ones offer increased accuracy. Power refers to the rod's stiffness and determines its ability to handle different lure weights. Action refers to the rod's flexibility, with fast action rods bending mostly at the tip, while moderate action rods bend more towards the middle. Finally, the material of the rod, such as graphite or fiberglass, affects its sensitivity, weight, and durability.
Voices of East Bank Website Launched 11 January 2024 Voices of East Bank, an online archive of stories about east London's communities, heritage and languages, has been launched to mark Heritage Treasures Day (Thursday, January 11, 2024). The Voices of East Bank has released a collection of more than 100 audio recordings made in 2023 captures a snapshot of the languages, dialects and stories of east London's diverse heritage from the 20th century to the present day. The project, led by Community History Project Freelancer Lydia Powell and supported by the National Lottery Heritage Fund, brings to life personal memories about childhood, language, culture and food as well as experiences of racism and discrimination. The recordings explore themes of migration, belonging, heritage and more and help to foster a sense of connection, understanding and unity among east London's diverse communities. Recordings include: • Marcus' experience on Language, slang and east London dialiects • Ivy from Newham remembering bombing raids during World War Two • Jagir's memories of her children's favourite meals • Visitors to UK Black Pride and their LGBTQ+ experiences in east London • Harris Ali's experience of racism at primary school Dr Anna Maguire, UCL's Lecturer in Public History, led the oral history training at UCL East and mobilised the Memory Workshop equipment for the oral history interviews and engagement activities in the park (the Great Get Together, Black Pride) using the Memory Bike. She also helped to host the final project event at Marshgate in November with support from the UCL East engagement team. Lyn Garner, Chief Executive of LLDC, said: "This is such a wonderful project preserving deeply personal memories to help us to make sense of a rapidly changing world. Whether it's someone's memories of working life in Canning Town, finding community in Spitalfields after the Partition of India, or celebrating UK Black Pride on Queen Elizabeth OIympic Park, the recordings provide a fascinating insight into east London life from the past to present." Selina Papa, Head of Engagement for England - London & South at The National Lottery Heritage Fund, said: "We are thrilled to support the Voices of East Bank project which has preserved these unique and personal memories for generations to come. We hope that this project encourages more people across the East London host boroughs such as Newham to be inspired by, and proud of, their borough's rich heritage." The recordings were made on and around Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park during 2023 by Oral History Community Researchers, volunteers, historians, artists and storytellers supported by UCL East, BBC History and London Legacy Development Corporation. The project was funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund with additional support from Newham Archives, Discover Children's Story Centre, Breakin' Convention, Deafroots, Badu Digital Hub, Deep Boroughs, Newham Community Project, Roma support Group and more.
Defense contractor Textron Systems is working on a new Surface Effect Ship for the US Marines and Navy called SECAT which is short for Surface Effect Cargo Amphibious Transport. As a Surface Effect Ship, it leverages the aerodynamic principle of ground effect to achieve high speeds and enhanced stability. For the uninitiated, a ground effect occurs when an air cushion is trapped between the hull of the vessel and the water's surface, reducing drag significantly and allowing for greater efficiency and speed. Common ground vehicles include commonly seen hovercraft and above-water-surface like the Airfish Ground Effect Aircraft we saw recently. But the SECAT is somewhat different. Yes, the technology is not new. It is how Textron Systems leverages the technology to develop a new kind of logistical vessel. It has a flexible bow and stern that can seal air between the two side hulls, allowing the watercraft almost out of the water. This reduces drag and allows it to go fast. Given its nature as a transporter, the SECAT is very fast, capable of making 50 knots (93 km/h or 58 mph) while having a payload of up to 500 tons, and a range of 500 nm (926 kilometers or about 575 miles). As an SES, it has a shallow draft hull, allowing it to operate in waters as shallow as 1.2 meters or about 4 feet. Thanks to the air cushion it is mine-resistant, and it can execute beaching operations with ease. It does not use traditional anchoring which is cumbersome and unreliable, to say the least. Instead, it just comes off the cushion, settles on the bottom, and proceeds to extend the ramp. If needed, the watercraft's water-jet propulsion can be used to maintain position on the shoreline. Like, who needs a developed shore, piers, or cranes for unloading? This thing is practically the dock itself. SECAT is also a trusty RoRo too, allowing for rolling cargo to roll on and roll off—even letting rolling cargo from other vessels be transferred to it on high seas, and then delivering them to the shores. In this latest render, the SECAT is shown to be equipped with a turret system gun. You can learn more about the Textron Systems Surface Effect Cargo Amphibious Transport HERE Images: Textron Systems. via New Atlas.
What Is an Amortization Schedule? How to Calculate with Formula - July 16, 2020 - Bookkeeping Concerning a loan, amortization focuses on spreading out loan payments over time. Another option is mortgage recasting, where you preserve your existing loan and pay a lump sum towards the principal, and your lender will create a new amortization schedule reflecting the current balance. Your loan term and interest rate will remain the same, but your monthly payment will be lower. With fees around $200 to $300, recasting can be a cheaper alternative to refinancing. As the loan payoff proceeds, the unpaid balance declines, which gradually reduces the interest obligations, making more room for a higher principal repayment. Logically, the higher the weight of the principal part in the periodic payment, the higher the rate of decline in the unpaid balance. First, amortization is used in the process of paying off debt through regular principal and interest payments over time. An amortization schedule is used to reduce the current balance on a loan—for example, a mortgage or a car loan—through installment payments. Amortization is an accounting technique used to periodically lower the book value of a loan or an intangible asset over a set period of time. What does an amortization table show? With more sophisticated amortization calculators you can compare how making accelerated payments can accelerate your amortization. Second, amortization can also refer to the practice of spreading out capital expenses related to intangible assets over a specific duration—usually over the asset's useful life—for accounting and tax purposes. Amortization http://www.ylsoftware.com/news/201 isn't just used for mortgages — personal loans and auto loans are other common amortizing loans. Just like with a mortgage, these loans have equal installment payments, with a greater portion of the payment paying interest at the start of the loan. If borrowers do not repay unsecured loans, lenders may hire a collection agency. This is especially true when comparing depreciation to the amortization of a loan. To create an amortization schedule by hand, we need to use the monthly payment that we've just calculated above. If you want to accelerate the payoff process, you can make biweekly mortgage payments or put extra sums toward principal reduction each month or whenever you like. This tactic can help you save on interest and potentially pay your loan offer sooner. Because there is no collateral involved, lenders need a way to verify the financial integrity of their borrowers. Amortization vs. Depreciation Thus, it writes off the expense incrementally over the useful life of that asset. Unlike the first calculation, which is amortized with payments spread uniformly over their lifetimes, these loans have a single, large lump sum http://www.xserver.ru/computer/database/web/2/1.shtml due at maturity. Some loans, such as balloon loans, can also have smaller routine payments during their lifetimes, but this calculation only works for loans with a single payment of all principal and interest due at maturity. - With fixed monthly loan payments, part of the payment is for principal and the rest is for interest payments.At the beginning of a 30-year fixed mortgage term, a large part of the monthly payment is for paying interest. - The amortization schedule works even for loans with a zero interest rate. - We are compensated in exchange for placement of sponsored products and services, or by you clicking on certain links posted on our site. - In order to make an amortization schedule, you'll need to know the principal loan amount, the monthly payment amount, the loan term and the interest rate on the loan. - The amortization chart might also represent the unpaid balance at the end of each period. - This can be useful for purposes such as deducting interest payments on income tax forms. Say you are taking out a mortgage for $275,000 at 4.875% interest for 30 years (360 payments, made monthly). Enter these values into the calculator and click "Calculate" to produce an amortized schedule of monthly loan payments. You can see that http://www.gostedu.ru/16974.html the payment amount stays the same over the course of the mortgage. With each payment the principal owed is reduced and this results in a decreasing interest due. Examples of unsecured loans include credit cards, personal loans, and student loans. About us and this blog We are a digital marketing company with a focus on helping our customers achieve great results across several key areas. Request a free quote We offer professional SEO services that help websites increase their organic search score drastically in order to compete for the highest rankings even when it comes to highly competitive keywords. Subscribe to our newsletter! 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Market Outlook: Aluminium Greenhouse Market size surpassed USD 2.17 Million in 2023 and is poised to reach USD 5.05 Million by end of the year 2035, growing at over 10.94% CAGR between 2024 and 2035. Base Year Value (2023) USD 2.17 Million Forecast Year Value (2035) USD 5.05 Million Historical Data Period Largest Region Forecast Period Get more details on this report - Market Dynamics: Aluminium Greenhouse market is experiencing significant growth due to various growth drivers and opportunities in the industry. However, the market also faces several restraints and challenges that hinder its growth potential. Growth Drivers & Opportunities The increasing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient agricultural practices is one of the major driving factors for the aluminium greenhouse market. The growing population and the need for improved crop yields have led to the adoption of advanced greenhouse technologies, including aluminium greenhouses, which offer better control over environmental conditions. Additionally, the rising awareness about the benefits of aluminium greenhouses, such as durability, resistance to corrosion, and low maintenance, is further contributing to the market growth. Furthermore, the government initiatives and subsidies to promote greenhouse cultivation are creating lucrative opportunities for market players. For instance, countries like the Netherlands, Spain, and China offer grants and financial support to farmers and growers for setting up aluminium greenhouses, thus boosting market growth. Report Coverage \| Details \| Segments Covered \| By Type, Glazing, Application \| Regions Covered \| • North America (United States, Canada, Mexico) • Europe (Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, Rest of Europe) • Asia Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, India, Australia, Rest of APAC) • Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Rest of South America) • Middle East & Africa (GCC, South Africa, Rest of MEA) \| Company Profiled \| Juliana Greenhouses, Robinsons Greenhouses, and Ludy Greenhouse Mfg. Corp. \| Moreover, advancements in greenhouse technologies, such as automated climate control systems and integrated pest management solutions, are driving the demand for aluminium greenhouses. These technological advancements help in optimizing crop production and reducing operational costs, thereby fueling the market growth. Industry Restraints & Challenges Despite the growth drivers and opportunities, the aluminium greenhouse market is facing certain restraints and challenges that are impeding its growth trajectory. The high initial investment required for setting up aluminium greenhouses acts as a barrier for small-scale growers and farmers. Additionally, the lack of technical expertise and knowledge about greenhouse farming practices is hindering the adoption of aluminium greenhouses in certain regions. Furthermore, fluctuating aluminum prices and the impact of trade tensions on raw material supply are posing challenges for market players. The availability of alternative materials for greenhouse construction, such as polycarbonate and glass, is also a major restraint for the aluminium greenhouse market. In addition, environmental concerns related to energy consumption and carbon footprint associated with greenhouse operations are prompting regulatory authorities to impose stringent regulations on greenhouse gas emissions and energy usage. Compliance with these regulations is becoming a challenge for aluminium greenhouse operators, especially in regions with strict environmental policies. Report Coverage & Deliverables Historical Statistics Growth Forecasts Latest Trends & Innovations Market Segmentation Regional Opportunities Competitive Landscape Regional Forecast: North America North America is expected to witness significant growth in the aluminium greenhouse market owing to the increasing adoption of advanced farming techniques and the rising demand for locally grown produce. The region has a favorable climate for greenhouse cultivation, and the presence of key market players and technological advancements in greenhouse systems is driving market growth. Moreover, government initiatives to promote sustainable agriculture and the growing trend of organic farming are further boosting the demand for aluminium greenhouses in North America. Asia Pacific The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to register substantial growth in the aluminium greenhouse market due to the rapid expansion of the agriculture sector and the increasing focus on food security. The growing population and urbanization have led to the shrinking of arable land, thereby creating the need for controlled environment agriculture, which in turn, is driving the demand for aluminium greenhouses. Countries like China, India, and Japan are investing in modern greenhouse technologies to enhance crop production and minimize the impact of environmental factors on agriculture. Europe is a prominent market for aluminium greenhouses due to the presence of a well-established agriculture industry and the implementation of advanced farming practices. The region's favorable government policies, such as subsidies for greenhouse construction and the promotion of sustainable farming, are contributing to the market growth. Additionally, the increasing demand for organic produce and the growing trend of rooftop and urban farming are driving the adoption of aluminium greenhouses in Europe. In conclusion, the aluminium greenhouse market is poised for significant growth with the increasing demand for sustainable agriculture practices and technological advancements in greenhouse systems. While there are challenges such as high initial investment and regulatory compliance, the market is expected to thrive in regions like North America, Asia Pacific, and Europe due to favorable government initiatives and the rising trend of greenhouse cultivation.Aluminium Greenhouse Market: Growing Demand and Market Segments The market for aluminium greenhouses is witnessing significant growth due to rising awareness about sustainable cultivation practices and the increasing adoption of greenhouses for year-round production. In this article, we will explore the market segments and key players in the aluminium greenhouse industry. Get more details on this report - Segmentation Analysis: Commercial Segment: Smart Greenhouses Smart greenhouses are a sub-segment within the commercial segment of the aluminium greenhouse market. These greenhouses are equipped with advanced technologies such as climate control systems, automated irrigation, and monitoring sensors. Smart greenhouses leverage the latest innovations in agriculture technology to optimize crop yield, reduce energy consumption, and minimize environmental impact. The demand for smart greenhouses is driven by the need for precision agriculture and the growing trend of vertical farming in urban areas. Residential Segment: Home Gardening Greenhouses Home gardening greenhouses are a sub-segment within the residential segment of the aluminium greenhouse market. These greenhouses are designed for individual or household use, allowing homeowners to grow a variety of plants, flowers, and vegetables throughout the year. Home gardening greenhouses come in a range of sizes and designs, catering to both hobbyist gardeners and individuals looking to supplement their household food supply. The increasing interest in organic gardening and sustainable living is fueling the demand for home gardening greenhouses. Get more details on this report - Competitive Landscape: Key Market Players: 1. Alitex (Hampshire, UK) - Alitex specializes in designing and manufacturing premium aluminium greenhouses for both commercial and residential applications. The company's greenhouses are renowned for their quality, durability, and elegant design. With a focus on innovation and customer satisfaction, Alitex has established itself as a leader in the aluminium greenhouse market. 2. Nexus Corporation (Minnesota, USA) - Nexus Corporation offers a diverse range of aluminium greenhouses tailored for commercial and residential use. The company's greenhouses are known for their modularity, allowing customers to customize the size and configuration of their greenhouse structures. Nexus Corporation's commitment to sustainability and technological advancement has positioned it as a prominent player in the aluminium greenhouse market. 3. Juliana Greenhouses (Horsens, Denmark) - Juliana Greenhouses is a leading manufacturer of aluminium greenhouses with a strong emphasis on environmental responsibility. The company's greenhouses are designed to maximize energy efficiency and support eco-friendly growing practices. Juliana Greenhouses' dedication to eco-conscious solutions has garnered significant attention in the aluminium greenhouse market. 4. Hoklartherm (Mindelheim, Germany) - Hoklartherm specializes in high-quality aluminium greenhouses with advanced climate control features. The company's greenhouses are engineered to provide optimal growing conditions for a wide range of crops, making them popular among commercial growers and hobbyists alike. Hoklartherm's commitment to precision engineering and sustainable agriculture has solidified its position as a key player in the aluminium greenhouse market. In conclusion, the aluminium greenhouse market is experiencing robust growth driven by the expansion of market segments such as smart greenhouses and home gardening greenhouses. The presence of established market players like Alitex, Nexus Corporation, Juliana Greenhouses, and Hoklartherm underscores the competitive landscape of the industry. As demand for sustainable and efficient growing solutions continues to rise, the aluminium greenhouse market is poised for further development and innovation in the coming years.
Sight-size is a drawing method currently taught at some modern ateliers, where students are expected to reproduce what they perceive with great exactitude. The method as a few advantages, such as easing comparisons between models and copies, useful for people with underdeveloped vision, but it shows some limitations early on, especially when working from living subjects. On the other hand, comparative measurements and constructed approaches are often much more flexible, but perhaps less suitable for replicating things with perfect accuracy. As far as copying from the flat is concerned, that is, copying existing drawings, which is and has always been a core element in students education, we suggest to use what we could call a same-size approach, which is basically about using non-sight-size technique with a sight-size-like setting, and which in essence, is very similar to what was used traditionally since the Renaissance. This article aims at being useful to self-taught students, especially those confused about whether to use sight-size or not. As the topic is widely covered elsewhere, I'll rely on two videos by Marc Delassio to introduce sight-size. The first one is rather short and hopefully will make things clear enough; while the second one, longer, explains how to set sight-size for a figure drawing, also applicable for casts, still lifes, etc.: Some main issues with sight-size include: - it's impractical for finished pieces; - it makes some aspects of the job easier, which will hinder students' progresses, which, as for grid systems, can be hindered further by the establishment of a comfort zone; - furthermore, while strictly accurate copy is excellent to teach art, accurate copy often falls short when it comes to create art: unbalanced use of accurate copy encouraged by sight-size can forge bad habits in students. Comparative measurements We quickly go over it indirectly when talking about the typical academic block-in: the idea is to compare various distances one can measure in a figure, say, the height of a head compared to the height of a figure. This provides a much more convenient way of working that sight-size. Some elements, such as plumb lines, horizontal alignments, angle measurements can be used in both approaches to help refine proportions. Again, the subject is widely covered; if need be, you may want to refer to the following video by Alex Tzavaras which introduces both sight-size and comparative measurements, including a survey of sight-size issues. For the sake of completeness, we'll quickly mention what people mean when talking about construction: the idea is to decompose what one perceive in primitive volumes (eggs, spheres, boxes, cylinders, etc.). This is one way of drawing from imagination. The following exemplifies the use of ovoids/eggs shape for the head, typical of the Renaissance, and shows a planar decomposition of the hand: But it can still be used for copying, especially when copying moving subjects, such as the human figure, where anatomical knowledge can help fill the gap. In such cases, the results can be kept rough proportion-wise, but can also be refined using either sight-size or comparative measurements. Again, the topic has been widely discussed: as far as working from a living model is concerned, one can see how Iliya Mirochnik uses anatomy knowledge to help copy a figure, an emphasis typical of today's Russian school. As for imagination, despite being in Korean, this demonstration by Kim Jung Gi should be intelligible enough: The main idea behind same-size is to take one measure from the source, say its height, report it to the copy and to never change it, thus guaranteeing that both source and copy will have the same size. Then, the copy can be performed via comparative measurements, eyeballing, while avoiding reporting direct measures from the model to the copy, and eventually placing the source and the copy side by side. At the end of the copy, one can use tracing paper to trace the main lines of the source, and thus self-evaluate one's result by superposing the tracing paper on the copy. This process can also be performed using a camera and image manipulation software (GIMP, Photoshop, etc.) The process isn't new at: historical treatises recommended the use of a compass to evaluate proportions, at the end of the exercice, which can now be better performed with our modern, cheap tracing paper. sight-size on the other hand, despite being sometimes advertised as common in the past, seems to be more recent, and to have been introduced by people trying to recover ancient drawing techniques after they have been lost. In Russia, where a teaching lineage has been maintained for centuries, students don't use sight-size; they are famous for their "constructed" approach, and their strong emphasis of anatomical features: Lala Ragimov reviews multiple 1400s-1700s treatises in this blog post, and, regarding measurement, mentions in the last section: Many treatises downplay measuring tools and cite the famous Michelangelo saying that the compass should be in the eye and not in the hands. [..] Many English treatises mention the use of a compass to check your finished piece and compare it with the drawing or print you copied, but not to use it in the process of drawing. By email, at mathieu.bivert chez:
on Risk Management \| Issue of 2012‒10‒13 nine papers chosen by \| By: \| Francq, Christian; Zakoian, Jean-Michel \| Abstract: \| This paper introduces the concept of risk parameter in conditional volatility models of the form $\epsilon_t=\sigma_t(\theta_0)\eta_t$ and develops statistical procedures to estimate this parameter. For a given risk measure $r$, the risk parameter is expressed as a function of the volatility coefficients $\theta_0$ and the risk, $r(\eta_t)$, of the innovation process. A two-step method is proposed to successively estimate these quantities. An alternative one-step approach, relying on a reparameterization of the model and the use of a non Gaussian QML, is proposed. Asymptotic results are established for smooth risk measures as well as for the Value-at-Risk (VaR). Asymptotic comparisons of the two approaches for VaR estimation suggest a superiority of the one-step method when the innovations are heavy-tailed. For standard GARCH models, the comparison only depends on characteristics of the innovations distribution, not on the volatility parameters. Monte-Carlo experiments and an empirical study illustrate these findings. \| Keywords: \| GARCH; Quantile Regression; Quasi-Maximum Likelihood; Risk measures; Value-at-Risk \| Date: \| 2012–10–04 \| URL: \| http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:41713&r=rmg \| By: \| Khalfaoui, R; Boutahar, M \| Abstract: \| We analyzed the volatility dynamics of three developed markets (U.K., U.S. and Japan), during the period 2003-2011, by comparing the performance of several multivariate volatility models, namely Constant Conditional Correlation (CCC), Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) and consistent DCC (cDCC) models. To evaluate the performance of models we used four statistical loss functions on the daily Value-at-Risk (VaR) estimates of a diversified portfolio in three stock indices: FTSE 100, S&P 500 and Nikkei 225. We based on one-day ahead conditional variance forecasts. To assess the performance of the abovementioned models and to measure risks over different time-scales, we proposed a wavelet-based approach which decomposes a given time series on different time horizons. Wavelet multiresolution analysis and multivariate conditional volatility models are combined for volatility forecasting to measure the comovement between stock market returns and to estimate daily VaR in the time-frequency space. Empirical results shows that the asymmetric cDCC model of Aielli (2008) is the most preferable according to statistical loss functions under raw data. The results also suggest that wavelet-based models increase predictive performance of financial forecasting in low scales according to number of violations and failure probabilities for VaR models. \| Keywords: \| Dynamic conditional correlations; Value-at-Risk; wavelet decomposition; Stock prices \| Date: \| 2012–09–24 \| URL: \| http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:41624&r=rmg \| By: \| Das, Udaibir S. (Asian Development Bank Institute); Oliva, Maria A. (Asian Development Bank Institute); Tsuda, Takahiro (Asian Development Bank Institute) \| Abstract: \| We examine some of the macro-financial dimensions of sovereign risk and propose a conceptual framework that captures risks other than just the default risk. Morphed under a multi-dimensional notion of sovereign risk, we argue that the existing empirical methodologies to measure sovereign risk cover only partial aspects of sovereign risk and fail to capture its macro-financial dimensions. We highlight a menu of tools that could be used to tackle the broader notion of sovereign risk, and suggest that authorities should actively use them to manage the macro financial dimensions of sovereign risk and before those risks feed into the real economy. \| Keywords: \| sovereign risk; default risk; macro-financial dimensions \| Date: \| 2012–10–02 \| URL: \| http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0383&r=rmg \| By: \| Peter Zweifel (Department of Economics, University of Zurich); Dieter Pfaff (Department of Business Administration (IBW), University of Zurich); Jochen Kühn \| Abstract: \| This paper contains a critique of solvency regulation such as imposed on banks by Basel I and II. Banks' investment divisions seek to maximize the expected rate of return on risk-adjusted capital. For them, a higher solvency level lowers the cost of refinancing but ties costly capital. Sequential decision making by banks is tracked over three periods. In period 1, exogenous changes in expected returns and volatility occur, causing a pair of optimal adjustments of solvency in period 2. In period 3, the actual adjustment of solvency constitutes an exogenous shock, triggering portfolio adjustments in terms of expected return and volatility which move the bank along an endogenous efficiency frontier. Both Basel I and II are shown to modify the slope of this frontier, inducing senior management to opt for higher volatility in several situations. Therefore, both types of solvency regulation can run counter their stated objective, which may also be true of Basel III. \| Keywords: \| regulation, banks, solvency, Basel I, Basel II, Basel III \| Date: \| 2012–05 \| URL: \| http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zrh:wpaper:303&r=rmg \| By: \| Flavia Barsotti (ISFA, University Lyon 1, France); Simona Sanfelici (Dipartimento di Economia, Universita' di Parma) \| Abstract: \| Equity returns and firm's default probability are strictly interrelated financial measures capturing the credit risk profile of a firm. Following the idea proposed in [20] we use high-frequency equity prices in order to estimate the volatility risk component of a firm within Merton [17] structural model. Differently from [20] we consider a more general framework by introducing market microstructure noise as a direct effect of using noisy high-frequency data and propose the use of non- parametric estimation techniques in order to estimate equity volatility. We conduct a simulation analysis to compare the performance of different non-parametric volatil- ity estimators in their capability of i) filtering out the market microstructure noise, ii) extracting the (unobservable) true underlying asset volatility level, iii) predicting default probabilies calibrated from Merton [17] model. \| Keywords: \| market microstructure noise, high-frequency data, non-parametric volatility estimation, Merton model, default probabilities, volatility risk \| Date: \| 2012–10 \| URL: \| http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:flo:wpaper:2012-05&r=rmg \| By: \| Dániel Holló (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (central bank of Hungary)) \| Abstract: \| In this study, a system-wide financial stress index (SWFSI) for the Hungarian financial system is developed. The indicator measures the joint stress level of the Hungarian financial system's main segments: the spot foreign exchange market, the foreign exchange swap market, the secondary market of government bonds, the interbank unsecured money market, the equity market and the banking segment. Stress indices of the six financial system segments are aggregated on the basis of weights which reflect their time-varying cross-correlation structure. As a result, the system-wide financial stress indicator puts greater emphasis on periods in which stress presents permanently in several market segments at the same time. Our results indicate that after February 2005 the default of Lehman Brothers and its global consequences unambiguously acted as a lasting stress event with systemic risk importance from the perspective of the stability of the Hungarian financial system. Finally, the results suggest that the Hungarian financial system's stress level in the period under review (February 1, 2005–September 16, 2011) was driven mainly by disorders in the banking and the foreign exchange swap market segments. \| Keywords: \| financial stress, system-wide financial stress index, financial stability, systemic risk \| Date: \| 2012 \| URL: \| http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnb:opaper:2012/105&r=rmg \| By: \| Fabio C. Bagliano (Department of Economics and Statistics (Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Sociali e Matematico-Statistiche), University of Torino, Italy); Claudio Morana (Department of Economics, University of Milan-Bicocca) \| Abstract: \| The recent financial crisis has highlighted the fragility of the US (and other countries') financial system under several respects. In this paper, the properties of a summary index of financial fragility, obtained by combining information conveyed by the "Agency", "Ted" and "BAA-AAA" spreads, timely capturing changes in credit and liquidity risk, distress in the mortgage market, and corporate default risk, are investigated over the 1986-2010 period. The empirical results show that observed fluctuations in the financial fragility index can be attributed to identified (global and domestic) macroeconomic (20%) and financial disturbances (40% to 50%), over both short- and long-term horizons, as well as to oil-supply shocks in the long-term (25%). The investigation of specific episodes of financial distress, occurred in 1987, 1998 and 2000, and, more recently, over the 2007-2009 period, shows that sizable fluctuations in the index are largely determined by financial shocks, while macroeconomic disturbances have generally had a stabilizing effect. \| Keywords: \| financial fragility, US, macro-?nance interface, international business cycle, factor vector autoregressive models, ?financial crisis, Great Recession \| Date: \| 2012–09 \| URL: \| http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tur:wpapnw:011&r=rmg \| By: \| Bachev, Hrabrin \| Abstract: \| Risks management studies in the agri-food sector predominately focus on the technical methods and the capability to perceive, prevent, mitigate, and recover from diverse risks. In most economic publications the risks are usually studied as other commodity regulated by the market supply and demand, and the farmers "willingness to pay" for an insurance contract modeled. At the same time, the risk management analysis largely ignore a significant "human nature" based (bounded rationality, opportunism) risk, critical factors for the managerial choice such as the institutional environment and the transaction costs, and diversity of alternative (market, private, collective, public, hybrid) modes of risk management. This paper incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics and presents a comprehensive framework for analyzing the risk management in the agri-food sector. First, it specifies the diverse (natural, technical, behavioral, economic, policy etc.) type of agri-food risks, and the (market, private, public and hybrid) modes of their management. Second, it defines the efficiency of risk management and identifies (personal, institutional, dimensional, technological, natural) factors of governance choice. Third, it presents stages in the analysis of risk management and for the improvement of public intervention in the risk governance. Forth, it identifies the contemporary opportunities and challenges for the risk governance in the agri-food chain. Finally, it identifies, and assesses the efficiency and prospects of major modes for risk governance in the Bulgarian dairy sector. \| Keywords: \| agri-food chain and risk management; market; private; and public governance; dairy risk management; Bulgaria \| Date: \| 2012–05–01 \| URL: \| http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:41651&r=rmg \| By: \| Hallegatte, Stephane \| Abstract: \| This paper investigates the link between development, economic growth, and the economic losses from natural disasters in a general analytical framework, with an application to hurricane flood risks in New Orleans. It concludes that where capital accumulates through increased density of capital at risk in a given area, and the costs of protection therefore increase more slowly than capital at risk, (i) protection improves over time and the probability of disaster occurrence decreases; (ii) capital at risk -- and thus economic losses in case of disaster -- increases faster than economic growth; (iii) increased risk-taking reinforces economic growth. In this context, average annual losses from disasters grow with income, and they grow faster than income at low levels of development and slower than income at high levels of development. These findings are robust to a broad range of modeling choices and parameter values, and to the inclusion of risk aversion. They show that risk-taking is both a driver and a consequence of economic development, and that the world is very likely to experience fewer but more costly disasters in the future. It is therefore critical to increase economic resilience through the development of stronger recovery and reconstruction support instruments. \| Keywords: \| Economic Theory&Research,Hazard Risk Management,Banks&Banking Reform,Labor Policies,Insurance&Risk Mitigation \| Date: \| 2012–10–01 \| URL: \| http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6216&r=rmg \|
Prayer is a universal practice that holds great significance in various religious traditions. It provides a means of communication between individuals and their chosen deity, allowing them to express their thoughts, seek guidance, and find solace. However, when it comes to sinners, a question often arises: Does God Hear Sinners Prayers? In this article, we will explore the nature of prayer and God's interaction with sinners, shedding light on this intriguing topic. Does God Hear Sinners Prayers God does not hear the prayers of unbelievers except for the prayer of repentance. "We know that God does not listen to sinners," says John 9:31. The godly man who carries out his will is heard by him. Additionally, it has been said that "a sinner's prayer for salvation is the only prayer that God hears." Because of this, some people think that God does not hear unbelievers' prayers and/or would never respond to them. However, John 9:31 is stating, in context, that God does not work miracles through an unbeliever. According to First John 5:14–15, God grants requests based on whether they are made in accordance with His will. There is nothing that stops God from answering a prayer from an unbeliever in a way that is in line with His desire. Understanding God's Nature To comprehend the question at hand, it is essential to explore the nature of God. In various religious beliefs, God is seen as an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnipresent being. These attributes indicate that God possesses infinite knowledge, and power, and is present everywhere simultaneously. Understanding God's nature provides a foundation for understanding how He interacts with sinners through prayer. Prayer and Salvation Salvation is a central concept in many religious traditions. It refers to the process of being saved or liberated from sin and its consequences. Prayer plays a vital role in this process, as it serves as a means of seeking forgiveness, and guidance, and strengthening the relationship with God. It is through prayer that sinners can express their repentance and seek God's mercy and grace. God's Awareness of All One of the fundamental aspects of God's nature is His omniscience. God is believed to possess complete knowledge of everything, including the thoughts, intentions, and prayers of every individual. This divine attribute suggests that God is aware of all prayers, regardless of the spiritual state or actions of the person offering them. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that God hears the prayers of sinners. The Purpose of Prayer Prayer serves multiple purposes in the life of a believer. It is a way of seeking forgiveness for past transgressions, asking for guidance in making important decisions, and expressing gratitude for blessings received. Additionally, prayer also serves to strengthen the relationship between the individual and God, fostering a sense of closeness and trust. The Unsaved and Prayer The term "sinners" refers to individuals who have transgressed moral or religious principles. Despite their spiritual state, it is believed that God interacts with sinners through prayer. While the precise nature of this interaction may vary across different religious beliefs, many faiths affirm that God's love and mercy extend to all individuals, regardless of their past actions. God's Love and Mercy God's love is often described as unconditional and boundless. It is believed that God desires the salvation and well-being of all individuals, including sinners. In this context, it is reasonable to assume that God hears the prayers of sinners, as His love and mercy are not limited to those who have already embraced a particular faith or lived a righteous life. The Power of Intercession Intercessory prayer refers to the act of praying on behalf of others. It is a powerful form of prayer that involves seeking God's intervention and blessings for the benefit of someone else. Intercessory prayer can be particularly meaningful for sinners, as it allows others to pray on their behalf, seeking God's mercy, forgiveness, and guidance. Through intercession, individuals can play a role in helping sinners find solace, redemption, and a path towards salvation. God's Will and Timing Submission to God's will is a fundamental aspect of prayer. It is important to recognize that even though God hears all prayers, His response may not always align with our desires or expectations. Trusting in God's wisdom and timing is crucial, as He knows what is best for each individual and the perfect time to answer their prayers. It is through this trust and surrender that believers can find peace and contentment in their prayer journey. The Role of Human Agency While God's grace and mercy play a significant role in salvation, many religious traditions also emphasize the importance of human responsibility. Faith and repentance are often seen as essential components in seeking salvation. Sinners are encouraged to turn to God with a genuine heart, seeking forgiveness and a renewed relationship. Prayer serves as a vital tool in this process, allowing sinners to express their intentions, seek God's guidance, and embark on a path of transformation. God does give universal promises, such as Jeremiah 29:13, which states, "You will seek me and find me when you seek me with all your heart." These promises apply to both saved and unsaved people. According to Acts 10:1-6, Cornelius was in this situation. However, the context of the verses indicates that many of the promises are exclusive to Christians. As a result of accepting Jesus as their Savior, Christians are exhorted to confidently approach the throne of grace in order to receive assistance when needed (Hebrews 4:14-16). It is said that God hears our requests and grants them when they are in line with His plan (1 John 5:14–15). Regarding prayer, Christians are given numerous other promises (Matthew 21:22; John 14:13, 15:7). In conclusion, certainly there are times when an unbeliever's prayers are not heard by God. In addition, God is able to answer the prayers of unbelievers by sending help in the form of grace and kindness. God's love, mercy, and desire for the salvation of all individuals provide a foundation for this belief. Through prayer, sinners can seek forgiveness, guidance, and a strengthened relationship with the divine.
Managers of private elderly care homes (RPAs) will not hesitate to take retaliatory action against elderly people who complained about cases of abuse, a researcher who has looked into the topic has discovered. "[La maltraitance]"It manifests itself every day in many ways," explained Melanie Couture, chair of research on elder abuse at the University of Sherbrooke. I noticed that wrong medications were given, rather harsh care, the amount of treatment was not paid in the end, and mistreatment was felt through small gestures. The researcher met 13 women and four men, aged on average 80, who told her stories of abuse that happened to them in RPAs located in the Longueuil urban area between 2020 and 2022. Lack of listening Among all these testimonies, M. said:I Fashion design was especially distinguished by its insensitivity to the statements of older people. She particularly recalled a complaint made about a rug placed crookedly, posing a danger to people with mobility issues. Despite numerous warnings, nothing changed until one of the residents was injured after falling on the carpet. The researcher pointed out, "It is not just that they do nothing, but in some cases, retaliation is taken against residents who filed complaints." Managers are said to have expelled seniors from their offices after complaints were made, prevented staff from speaking to residents or prohibited seniors from discussing these problems with each other so as not to create a collective effect. In one of the most extreme cases, a man who filed a class action had his rent payment withheld so he could be evicted for nonpayment. M saysI sewing. Law, but little evidence The problem is not unknown in Quebec, which in April 2022 improved Law 6.3 on elder abuse in order to impose penalties in the event of situations of this kind, but also for reprisals. "We need to see evidence of its application and scare the world into not behaving properly," Mr. Hans emphasized.I sewing. Having multiple service providers in each RPA can also provide more options if a service is not suitable for some seniors. "The problem when you are in housing is that there is only one service provider. You have to move if you want to change the supplier," explained the expert who has been working on this topic for about ten years. Awareness tools must also be developed to assist Quebecers who find themselves in RPA. "For housing that is doing well, those that are doing poorly give them bad media coverage and people are afraid to go to the housing," she warned. "Music guru. Incurable web practitioner. Thinker. Lifelong zombie junkie. Tv buff. Typical organizer. Evil beer scholar."
The global Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market size was valued at USD xx Billion in 2023 and is projected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of xx% during the forecast period, reaching a value of USD xx Billion by 2030. Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market research report by Future Data Stats, offers a comprehensive view of the Market's historical data from 2019 to 2022, capturing trends, growth patterns, and key drivers. It establishes 2023 as the base year, analysing the Market landscape, consumer behaviour, competition, and regulations. Additionally, the report presents a well-researched forecast period from 2024 to 2032, leveraging data analysis techniques to project the Market's growth trajectory, emerging opportunities, and anticipated challenges. Automotive Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) refers to the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a vehicle, from its initial concept to its eventual disposal. It involves the coordination of various departments within an automotive company, including design, engineering, manufacturing, and after-sales service. PLM software allows automotive manufacturers to streamline their processes, improve collaboration between different teams, and ultimately bring high-quality vehicles to market more efficiently. By centralizing product data and providing a single source of truth, PLM helps companies make informed decisions at every stage of the vehicle's lifecycle, leading to cost savings, faster time-to-market, and improved product quality. The increasing complexity of automotive products, which necessitates efficient management throughout their lifecycle. Additionally, stringent regulatory requirements and the need for compliance with environmental and safety standards are driving the adoption of PLM solutions in the automotive industry. However, the High initial implementation costs and the complexity of integrating PLM systems with existing infrastructure pose challenges for many automotive companies. Software solutions play a crucial role in managing the entire lifecycle of automotive products. These PLM software solutions enable automotive companies to streamline their processes, improve collaboration between different departments, and make informed decisions at every stage of the product lifecycle. With features such as centralized data management, CAD integration, and simulation capabilities, PLM software helps companies reduce time-to-market, enhance product quality, and achieve cost savings. On the other hand, services such as consulting, implementation, and support are also essential components of the Automotive PLM market. Service providers offer expertise in implementing and customizing PLM solutions to meet the specific requirements of automotive companies. Product Design and Development, which plays a crucial role in determining the success of automotive products in the market. Effective PLM systems streamline the design and development process, ensuring efficient creation and enhancement of automotive products. Manufacturing Process Management is another critical aspect influencing the Automotive PLM market. PLM systems optimize manufacturing processes, enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring the quality of automotive products. These systems facilitate seamless coordination between different stages of the manufacturing process, thereby improving overall productivity. Supply Chain Management is also a significant factor driving the Automotive PLM market. Effective supply chain management is essential for the timely delivery of automotive products. PLM systems help in managing the automotive supply chain efficiently, ensuring smooth operations and timely delivery of products. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) constitute a significant portion of the market demand. PLM systems enable OEMs to efficiently manage the entire lifecycle of automotive products, from design and development to manufacturing and after-sales service. Automotive Component Suppliers also play a crucial role in driving the demand for PLM solutions. These suppliers rely on PLM systems to streamline their processes, enhance collaboration, and ensure the quality of components supplied to OEMs. PLM solutions help automotive component suppliers to manage product data effectively, optimize manufacturing processes, and adhere to industry standards and regulations. Aftermarket Suppliers represent another key segment driving the Automotive PLM market. These suppliers utilize PLM solutions to manage spare parts, service information, and maintenance data efficiently. By implementing PLM systems, aftermarket suppliers can improve the availability of spare parts, enhance service quality, and ensure timely maintenance and repair services for automotive end-users. The Passenger Vehicles represent a significant segment driving the demand for PLM solutions. PLM systems enable manufacturers of passenger vehicles to streamline their design, manufacturing, and supply chain processes, ensuring the timely delivery of high-quality vehicles to the market. Commercial Vehicles also play a crucial role in influencing the Automotive PLM market. Manufacturers of commercial vehicles rely on PLM solutions to optimize their product development processes, improve manufacturing efficiency, and enhance the performance and safety of their vehicles. PLM systems help commercial vehicle manufacturers to meet industry regulations and standards while delivering innovative and reliable products to their customers. The rise of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has further fueled the demand for PLM solutions within the automotive industry. EV manufacturers leverage PLM systems to design and develop cutting-edge electric vehicles, manage complex supply chains for EV components, and ensure compliance with stringent regulations and standards. PLM solutions enable electric vehicle manufacturers to accelerate their product development cycles, reduce time-to-market, and deliver sustainable mobility solutions to their customers. North America, with its mature automotive industry and technological advancements, holds a significant share in the global PLM market. The region's focus on innovation and product development drives the demand for PLM solutions, especially in the United States and Canada. Europe is another prominent region in the Automotive PLM market, characterized by the presence of leading automotive manufacturers and suppliers. Countries like Germany, France, and the United Kingdom are key contributors to the regional market growth. The increasing emphasis on vehicle safety, environmental regulations, and advancements in automotive technology propel the adoption of PLM solutions in this region. - Siemens AG - Dassault Systèmes - PTC Inc. - Autodesk Inc. - IBM Corporation - Oracle Corporation - Bentley Systems, Incorporated - Aras Corporation - Ansys, Inc. - Arena Solutions, Inc. - Infor, Inc. - PropelPLM, Inc. - Selerant Corporation - Tata Technologies Limited - SofTech, Inc. - HCL Technologies Limited - Accenture PLC - Atos SE - Capgemini SE - Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation - Infosys Limited - Synopsys, Inc. Table of Contents Executive Summary Market Overview Market Dynamics 4.1. Drivers 4.2. Restraints 4.3. Opportunities Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market, by Type 5.1. Software 5.2. Services Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market, by Application 6.1. Product Design and Development 6.2. Manufacturing Process Management 6.3. Supply Chain Management 6.4. Quality and Compliance Management 6.5. Maintenance, Repair, and Operations (MRO) 6.6. Others Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market, by Deployment Model 7.1. On-Premises 7.2. Cloud-based Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market, by Organization Size 8.1. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) 8.2. Large Enterprises Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market, by Region 9.1. North America 9.2. Europe 9.3. Asia-Pacific 9.4. Latin America 9.5. Middle East and Africa Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market, by End-User 10.1. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) 10.2. Automotive Component Suppliers 10.3. Aftermarket Suppliers Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market, by Component 11.1. Software 11.2. Services 11.3. Hardware Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market, by Industry Vertical 12.1. Passenger Vehicles 12.2. Commercial Vehicles 12.3. Electric Vehicles 12.4. Others Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market, by Integration 13.1. Integration with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) 13.2. Integration with Customer Relationship Management (CRM) 13.3. Integration with Supply Chain Management (SCM) 13.4. Integration with Product Data Management (PDM) 13.5. Others Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market, by Sales Channel 14.1. Direct Sales 14.2. Indirect Sales Competitive Landscape Company Profiles Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market Segmentation: By Type: - Software - Services By Application: - Product Design and Development - Manufacturing Process Management - Supply Chain Management - Quality and Compliance Management - Maintenance, Repair, and Operations (MRO) - Others By End-User: - Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) - Automotive Component Suppliers - Aftermarket Suppliers By Industry Vertical: - Passenger Vehicles - Commercial Vehicles - Electric Vehicles - Others By Geography: - North America (USA, Canada, Mexico) - Europe (Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Rest of Europe) - Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Rest of Asia-Pacific) - South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Rest of South America) - Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Rest of MEA) Key Reasons to Buy this Report - Comprehensive Insights: Market research reports provide in-depth and comprehensive insights into various industries, markets, and sectors. These reports are prepared after extensive data collection, analysis, and interpretation, offering you valuable information and a clear understanding of market trends, dynamics, and opportunities. - Future Predictions: Market research reports often include future data statistics, forecasts, and predictions. These predictions are based on rigorous analysis and modeling techniques, taking into account various factors such as market growth drivers, challenges, and emerging trends. By accessing these future data stats, you can make informed decisions and develop strategies that align with the projected market scenarios. - Industry Analysis: Market research reports offer detailed industry analysis, including factors such as market size, market share, competitive landscape, and key players. 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This approach helps build a greater market-specific view of size, shape, and industry trends within each industry segment. Various industry trends and real-time developments are factored into identifying key growth factors and the future course of the market. The research proceeds are the results of high-quality data, expert views & analysis, and valuable independent opinions. The research process is designed to deliver a balanced view of the global markets and allows stakeholders to make informed decisions, to attain their highest growth objectives. Future Data Stats offers its clients exhaustive research and analysis, based on a wide variety of factual inputs, which largely include interviews with industry participants, reliable statistics, and regional intelligence. The in-house industry experts play an instrumental role in designing analytic tools and models, tailored to the requirements of a particular industry segment. These analytical tools and models distill the data & statistics and enhance the accuracy of our recommendations and advice. With Future Data Stats calibrated research process and 360° data-evaluation methodology, the clients receive: - Consistent, valuable, robust, and actionable data & analysis that can easily be referenced for strategic business planning - Technologically sophisticated and reliable insights through a well-audited and veracious research methodology - Sovereign research proceeds that present a tangible depiction of the marketplace With this strong methodology, Future Data Stats ensures that its research and analysis is most reliable and guarantees sound business planning. The research methodology of the global market involves extensive primary and secondary research. Primary research includes about 24 hours of interviews and discussions with a wide range of stakeholders that include upstream and downstream participants. Primary research typically is a bulk of our research efforts, coherently supported by extensive secondary research. Over 3000 product literature, industry releases, annual reports, and other such documents of key industry participants have been reviewed to obtain a better market understanding and gain enhanced competitive intelligence. In addition, authentic industry journals, trade associations' releases, and government websites have also been reviewed to generate high-value industry insights. Primary Research: Primary Research \| Desk Research \| Company Analysis \| • Identify key opinion leaders • Questionnaire design • In-depth Interviews • Coverage across the value chain \| • Company Website • Company Annual Reports • Paid Databases • Financial Reports \| • Market Participants • Key Strengths • Product Portfolio • Mapping as per Value Chain • Key focus segment \| Primary research efforts include reaching out to participants through emails, telephonic conversations, referrals, and professional corporate relations with various companies that make way for greater flexibility in reaching out to industry participants and commentators for interviews and discussions. The aforementioned helps to: - Validate and improve data quality and strengthen the research proceeds - Develop a market understanding and expertise - Supply authentic information about the market size, share, growth, and forecasts The primary research interview and discussion panels comprise experienced industry personnel. These participants include, but are not limited to: - Chief executives and VPs of leading corporations specific to an industry - Product and sales managers or country heads; channel partners & top-level distributors; banking, investments, and valuation experts - Key opinion leaders (KOLs) Secondary Research: A broad array of industry sources for the secondary research typically includes, but is not limited to: - Company SEC filings, annual reports, company websites, broker & financial reports, and investor presentations for a competitive scenario and shape of the industry - Patent and regulatory databases to understand technical & legal developments - Scientific and technical writings for product information and related preemptions - Regional government and statistical databases for macro analysis - Authentic news articles, web-casts, and other related releases to evaluate the market - Internal and external proprietary databases, key market indicators, and relevant press releases for market estimates and forecasts • Top executives of end-use industries • C-level executives of the leading Parenteral Nutrition companies • Sales manager and regional sales manager of the Parenteral Nutrition companies • Industry Consultants • Distributors/Suppliers \| • Annual Reports • Presentations • Company Websites • Press Releases • News Articles • Government Agencies' Publications • Industry Publications • Paid Databases \| Analyst Tools and Models: · Arriving at · Arriving at · Market Share · Key Market Players \| · Key Market Players · Market Share · Arriving at · Arriving at \| Automotive Product Lifecycle Management Market Dynamic Factors - Growing demand for efficient product lifecycle management solutions in the automotive industry. - Increasing focus on reducing time-to-market for new automotive products. - Rising need for cost reduction and enhanced productivity in automotive manufacturing processes. - High initial investment required for implementing product lifecycle management solutions. - Integration challenges with existing systems and processes. - Concerns regarding data security and privacy in the automotive sector. - Advancements in technology, such as IoT and cloud computing, creating new opportunities for product lifecycle management solutions. - Growing adoption of electric vehicles and connected cars driving the demand for innovative lifecycle management solutions. - Increasing focus on sustainability and environmental regulations driving the need for efficient lifecycle management practices. - Complexity in managing data from multiple sources throughout the product lifecycle. - Difficulty in achieving seamless collaboration among different departments and stakeholders. - Continuous need for updating and upgrading product lifecycle management systems to keep pace with technological advancements and industry changes. Frequently Asked Questions
LAMAN Ulaman Kampung Baru, an urban farm in the heart of Kuala Lumpur, is struggling to recover since the Covid-19 pandemic. The garden's project leader Isfahani Suki told The Malaysian Insight after resuming farming in March last year they were short on funds and volunteers to help grow vegetables and fruits for the B40 income group. Isfahani said the main aim of their 0.5ha land was growing food for the needy and freely distributing it to them. "Whatever crops we grow, all is given to the soup kitchens, B40 group, refugees, and the surrounding community." She said in 2019, the land was provided rent-free by the Malay Agricultural Settlement in Kampung Baru. "In September 2019, we started planting vegetables and fruits here – chillies, brinjals, spinach, okra, corn, long beans, and others. "We had about 20 volunteers coming in to help out every Sunday from 8am to 11.30am. We had help to grow and distribute our collection to the B40. "But that only lasted for seven months and we had to close down when the Covid-19 pandemic hit in March 2020." Isfahani said in March last year they came back to farm the land but lacked resources. "Our operating costs are about RM3,500 to RM4,000 per month. This is to pay workers and buy seedlings, compost, and other materials needed. "We also need someone to be here daily to monitor and ensure everything is kept properly and someone to look after the garden. "Currently, we are surviving because of the generosity of the Rotary Club Kampung Baru members, family, and friends." The Rotarian former assistant governor also said the garden was now seeking assistance in any form to upgrade the area to grow more produce. "Any form of assistance – be it funds or volunteers – is very much needed. "We know people are also struggling, so we don't want to ask for much. Could we get corporate sponsors? "Currently we have about one or two Rotarians coming to help. "We need volunteers who are like-minded to help the needy." Isfahani added that they hoped to turn the area into a community garden. She said to date, Kebun-Kebun Bangsar (KKB), another urban farm in the city, had been helping them out. KKB co-founder Ng Sek San confirmed this. "In April, they (Laman Ulaman) came to our kebun to tap into our expertise. "So, we went over with our volunteers to assist them on how to operate the farm. "They also asked to see how the area could be designed. We will be going back again to see how we can help." The KKB farm project, which started in 2016, was a collaboration among TNB, Kuala Lumpur City Hall, and the Land and Mines Office. They were given three parcels of land totalling 3.2ha and are actively working on the 1.01ha that make up the flowers, fruits, and vegetable gardens. There is also a bee and dragonfly area. Isfahani said those who are interested in volunteering can come over to the garden located at Lot 1850, Lorong Raja Muda Musa 3, Kampung Baru Kuala Lumpur. She said they will be there every Sunday from 8am to 12 noon. – June 5, 2023.
I. Introduction The fashion trends of the 2000s, particularly the Y2K era, hold a special place in the hearts of many. The early 2000s were a time of bold fashion choices, unique styles, and a sense of nostalgia that continues to influence fashion today. Crop Top During this time, men's fashion underwent a significant transformation, with new trends and styles emerging that reflected the cultural shifts of the new millennium. From oversized clothing to flashy accessories, the fashion of the 2000s was all about making a statement. Today, the fashion industry is experiencing a resurgence of retro fashion trends, with many people embracing the styles of the past. The appeal of vintage clothing and the nostalgia it evokes have made 2000's Y2K fashion a popular choice for those looking to add a unique touch to their wardrobe. In this article, we will explore the timeless style of 2000's Y2K fashion for men, highlighting the key trends and styles that defined this era. Whether you're looking to incorporate Y2K-inspired outfits into your wardrobe or simply want to learn more about this iconic fashion era, this guide will provide you with all the information you need. II. Understanding Retro Fashion Trends Retro fashion refers to the revival of styles and trends from previous decades. It is a way of paying homage to the past while adding a modern twist. Retro fashion has gained popularity in recent years, with many fashion enthusiasts embracing the unique and nostalgic appeal of vintage clothing. The resurgence of retro fashion trends can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, it allows individuals to express their individuality and stand out from the crowd. Retro fashion offers a break from the mainstream and allows people to experiment with different styles and looks. Additionally, retro fashion is sustainable and environmentally friendly. By embracing vintage clothing styles, individuals can reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to a more sustainable fashion industry. Overall, retro fashion trends have become a significant part of the fashion industry, with designers and brands incorporating vintage elements into their collections. The timeless appeal of retro fashion continues to captivate fashion enthusiasts and inspire new trends. Next, we will delve into the world of vintage clothing styles and their connection to 2000's Y2K fashion for men. II. Understanding Retro Fashion Trends Retro fashion has become increasingly popular in recent years, with many individuals embracing the nostalgic styles of the past. Defined as a style that imitates or pays homage to trends from a previous era, retro fashion allows individuals to express their unique sense of style while also celebrating the fashion of yesteryear. One of the most notable retro fashion trends is the resurgence of 2000's Y2K fashion for men. This era, characterized by bold colors, futuristic designs, and a mix of high and low fashion, has captured the attention of fashion enthusiasts and influencers alike. Y2K Aesthetic Y2K Aesthetic Y2K Aesthetic Y2K Aesthetic Y2K Aesthetic Y2K Aesthetic Y2K Aesthetic With its unique blend of nostalgia and modernity, Y2K fashion has become a staple in many men's wardrobes. From oversized graphic tees and baggy jeans to tracksuits and statement accessories, the early 2000s offered a wide range of fashion choices for men. Today, the influence of Y2K fashion can be seen in streetwear, high fashion runways, and even everyday casual wear. The bold and daring nature of this era's fashion continues to inspire designers and individuals looking to make a statement with their style. As retro fashion trends continue to evolve and gain popularity, it's clear that the allure of the past remains strong. Whether it's the desire to relive a beloved era or the appreciation for the unique aesthetics of the time, retro fashion allows individuals to express themselves in a way that is both nostalgic and fashion-forward. By embracing the styles of the past, individuals can create looks that are truly timeless and showcase their personal sense of style. Whether it's incorporating vintage pieces into modern outfits or fully embracing the Y2K aesthetic, retro fashion offers endless possibilities for self-expression. As we delve further into the world of 2000's Y2K fashion for men, we will explore the appeal of vintage clothing styles and the influence of nostalgia on fashion choices. Join us in the next section as we dive into the world of vintage clothing and its connection to the iconic fashion of the 2000s. III. Exploring Vintage Clothing Styles When it comes to 2000's Y2K fashion for men, vintage clothing styles play a significant role. Vintage clothing has always been a popular choice for fashion enthusiasts, and it holds a special place in the hearts of those who lived through the era. Y2K Aesthetic is all about embracing the nostalgia and unique style of the early 2000s. Vintage clothing offers a sense of authenticity and individuality that is hard to find in modern fashion. It allows men to express their personal style while paying homage to the fashion trends of the past. From graphic tees and baggy jeans to track jackets and cargo pants, there are endless options for creating a Y2K-inspired look. One popular vintage clothing style from the era is the oversized t-shirt. This trend was seen on many celebrities and musicians during the 2000s, and it continues to be a staple in Y2K fashion. Pairing an oversized t-shirt with baggy jeans and sneakers creates a laid-back and effortlessly cool look. Another iconic vintage style is the velour tracksuit. Made famous by hip-hop artists like Juicy J and Kanye West, the velour tracksuit was a must-have item in the early 2000s. Its luxurious fabric and relaxed fit made it a comfortable yet fashionable choice for men. Denim also played a significant role in 2000's Y2K fashion. From denim jackets to distressed jeans, denim was everywhere during this time period. Men would often wear double denim outfits, pairing a denim jacket with jeans for a bold and trendy look. Accessories were also an essential part of the vintage Y2K style. Chunky silver chains, trucker hats, and oversized sunglasses were popular choices for men looking to complete their outfits. These accessories added an extra touch of flair and personality to any Y2K-inspired look. Overall, vintage clothing styles from the 2000s offer a unique and nostalgic appeal that cannot be replicated. They allow men to embrace the fashion trends of the past while adding their own modern twist. Whether it's through oversized t-shirts, velour tracksuits, or denim outfits, vintage clothing styles are a key component of 2000's Y2K fashion for men. 80s 90s Fashion IV. Nostalgic Fashion Choices Nostalgia has a powerful influence on fashion choices, and the 2000s Y2K fashion for men is no exception. The allure of reliving the past and embracing the styles of a bygone era has captivated fashion enthusiasts worldwide. During the 2000s, men's fashion took on a unique and distinctive aesthetic that is still celebrated today. The nostalgia surrounding this fashion era stems from its iconic trends and memorable styles that continue to inspire modern-day fashion. One of the key elements of 2000s Y2K fashion for men is the emphasis on bold and daring choices. From oversized graphic tees to baggy jeans and cargo pants, the fashion of the era exuded confidence and individuality. The influence of hip-hop culture was also prominent during this time, with men embracing oversized jerseys, tracksuits, and sneakers as part of their everyday style. These nostalgic fashion choices reflect the cultural impact and music scene of the 2000s. Another notable aspect of 2000s Y2K fashion for men is the incorporation of futuristic elements. The new millennium brought with it a sense of excitement and anticipation for the future, which was reflected in the fashion choices of the time. Metallic fabrics, shiny accessories, and futuristic silhouettes were all popular during this era. Additionally, the rise of streetwear and urban fashion played a significant role in shaping the nostalgic fashion choices of the 2000s. Brands like Sean John, Rocawear, and Phat Farm became synonymous with the style of the era, offering men a range of trendy and fashionable options. Today, the nostalgia for 2000s Y2K fashion continues to inspire modern-day fashion trends. Many designers and brands draw inspiration from the iconic styles of the era, incorporating elements of the past into their collections. Whether it's the resurgence of baggy jeans, the popularity of retro sneakers, or the revival of oversized graphic tees, the nostalgic fashion choices of the 2000s have left a lasting impact on the fashion industry. Embrace the nostalgia and explore the timeless style of 2000s Y2K fashion for men, incorporating elements of the past into your wardrobe for a unique and fashionable look. V. Early 2000s Fashion for Men The early 2000s marked a significant shift in men's fashion, with new trends and styles emerging. During this time, there was a blend of both casual and formal wear, allowing men to experiment with their personal style. One of the key elements of early 2000s fashion for men was the popularity of baggy clothing. This trend was influenced by hip-hop culture and can be seen in the oversized jeans and loose-fitting shirts that were commonly worn. Another notable trend was the rise of streetwear, with brands like Sean John and Rocawear gaining popularity. Men embraced the urban aesthetic, sporting graphic tees, hoodies, and baggy cargo pants. Denim also played a significant role in men's fashion during this era. Bootcut jeans were a staple, often paired with sneakers or Timberland boots. For a more formal look, men would opt for dress pants and button-down shirts, often accessorized with a tie. Suits were still prevalent, but there was a shift towards more fitted and modern styles. Men began experimenting with bolder colors and patterns, moving away from the traditional black and navy suits. Accessories also played a crucial role in early 2000s fashion for men. Hats, particularly fitted caps and beanies, were popular accessories that added a touch of urban flair to outfits. Chunky silver jewelry, such as chains and bracelets, were also commonly worn. Overall, early 2000s fashion for men was characterized by a mix of casual and formal styles, with an emphasis on baggy clothing, streetwear, and bold accessories. It was a time of experimentation and self-expression, with men embracing a variety of fashion trends. Whether it was the oversized jeans and graphic tees of streetwear or the fitted suits with bold colors and patterns, the early 2000s offered a diverse range of fashion choices for men. Next, we'll explore how these early 2000s trends have influenced modern-day fashion and the rise of Y2K-inspired outfits. VI. Y2K-Inspired Outfits The Y2K era was known for its bold and unique fashion choices, and incorporating Y2K-inspired outfits into your wardrobe can add a nostalgic and trendy touch to your style. Whether you want to fully embrace the Y2K aesthetic or simply incorporate elements of it into your modern-day looks, there are plenty of options to choose from. Showcasing Y2K-Inspired Outfits for Men When it comes to Y2K-inspired outfits for men, there are several key elements to consider. One popular trend during this era was oversized clothing, so don't be afraid to opt for baggy jeans, oversized graphic tees, and chunky sneakers. Layering was also a common styling technique, so try pairing a graphic tee with a plaid shirt tied around your waist for a nostalgic look. Another iconic Y2K fashion choice for men was the tracksuit. Embrace the sporty aesthetic by wearing a matching tracksuit set in vibrant colors or bold patterns. Complete the look with a pair of retro sneakers and a bucket hat for a true Y2K vibe. Accessories played a crucial role in Y2K fashion, so don't forget to add some statement pieces to your outfits. Consider wearing a chain necklace, a bucket hat, or a colorful wristband to elevate your look and capture the essence of the Y2K era. Tips for Incorporating Y2K Fashion into Modern-Day Looks If you want to incorporate Y2K fashion into your modern-day looks without going full-on retro, there are a few tips to keep in mind. First, choose one or two Y2K-inspired pieces and pair them with contemporary clothing items. For example, you could wear a vintage graphic tee with a pair of slim-fit jeans and sneakers for a balanced and modern look. Experiment with colors and patterns to add a Y2K twist to your outfits. Y2K fashion was all about bold and vibrant hues, so don't shy away from wearing bright colors or mixing different patterns together. Just remember to keep the rest of your outfit relatively simple to avoid overwhelming the look. Lastly, have fun with your accessories. Y2K fashion was known for its playful and eclectic accessories, so don't be afraid to experiment. Add a colorful beanie, a statement belt, or a pair of tinted sunglasses to instantly elevate your outfit and give it a Y2K-inspired touch. By incorporating Y2K-inspired outfits into your wardrobe, you can pay homage to the iconic fashion trends of the 2000s while adding a unique and nostalgic flair to your personal style. 80s 90s Fashion VII. Fashion Trends of the 2000s The 2000s were a decade filled with unique and memorable fashion trends for men. From the rise of streetwear to the influence of pop culture, the fashion of this era was diverse and ever-evolving. Understanding the fashion trends of the 2000s is essential for anyone looking to embrace the Y2K aesthetic. 1. Streetwear One of the most significant fashion trends of the 2000s was the emergence of streetwear. Influenced by hip-hop and skate culture, streetwear became a staple in men's fashion. Baggy jeans, oversized t-shirts, and graphic hoodies were popular choices for those seeking a casual and edgy look. Internal Link: Y2K Styles 2. Emo and Scene Fashion The 2000s also saw the rise of emo and scene fashion, characterized by dark and alternative styles. Skinny jeans, band t-shirts, studded belts, and Converse sneakers were common elements of this subculture's fashion. Embracing this trend allowed individuals to express their unique personalities and musical preferences. Internal Link: Y2K Jeans 3. Preppy Style On the opposite end of the fashion spectrum, preppy style was also popular during the 2000s. Inspired by Ivy League fashion, this trend featured polo shirts, khaki pants, and boat shoes. The preppy look exuded sophistication and a sense of timeless elegance. Internal Link: Shirts 4. Hip-Hop Influence Hip-hop culture had a significant impact on men's fashion in the 2000s. Rappers like Jay-Z and Kanye West popularized oversized clothing, flashy jewelry, and designer brands. The hip-hop influence brought a sense of luxury and opulence to the fashion scene. Internal Link: Y2K Accessories 5. Sportswear Sportswear became a prominent trend in the 2000s, with tracksuits, athletic sneakers, and baseball caps taking center stage. This trend blurred the lines between fashion and athleticism, allowing men to embrace a comfortable and casual style. Internal Link: Sneakers The fashion trends of the 2000s were diverse and reflected the cultural influences of the time. From streetwear to preppy style, men had a wide range of fashion choices to express their individuality. Embracing the fashion trends of the 2000s can add a nostalgic and stylish touch to any modern-day wardrobe. VIII. Men's Fashion in the New Millennium The new millennium brought significant changes to men's fashion, reflecting the evolving cultural and technological landscape. The fashion industry experienced a shift towards more casual and comfortable styles, influenced by the rise of streetwear and the increasing importance of individual expression. The Rise of Streetwear Streetwear emerged as a dominant force in men's fashion during the new millennium. This style drew inspiration from urban culture, incorporating elements from hip-hop, skateboarding, and graffiti art. Brands like Supreme, Bape, and Stüssy gained popularity, offering unique and edgy designs that resonated with the younger generation. Streetwear introduced a more relaxed and casual aesthetic, with oversized t-shirts, hoodies, and baggy jeans becoming staple pieces. Sneakers also became a key component of streetwear fashion, with iconic designs from brands like Nike and Adidas becoming highly sought after. Y2K Streetwear perfectly captures the essence of this fashion trend, offering a wide range of clothing and accessories that embody the urban and edgy style of the new millennium. Individual Expression and Personal Style The new millennium marked a shift towards individual expression and personal style in men's fashion. With the rise of social media and the internet, people had more access to fashion inspiration and were able to experiment with different looks. Men began to embrace a more eclectic approach to fashion, mixing and matching different styles and eras to create unique outfits. Vintage clothing became increasingly popular, with individuals seeking out Y2K vintage-inspired clothing to add a nostalgic touch to their wardrobe. Accessories also played a crucial role in men's fashion during this time. Statement jewelry, such as chunky chains and rings, became popular, allowing individuals to add a touch of personality to their outfits. Y2K Accessories offers a wide range of trendy accessories that can elevate any look. Embracing Comfort and Functionality Comfort and functionality became essential factors in men's fashion during the new millennium. With the rise of technology and the fast-paced nature of modern life, clothing needed to adapt to these changing circumstances. Brands started incorporating technical fabrics and innovative designs into their collections, offering clothing that was both stylish and practical. Performance wear, such as moisture-wicking t-shirts and breathable sneakers, became popular choices for everyday wear. Y2K Active Wear provides a range of comfortable and functional clothing options that are perfect for the modern man. The new millennium brought about significant changes in men's fashion, with streetwear, individual expression, and comfort taking center stage. The influence of this era can still be seen in today's fashion trends, making it a timeless and enduring style. IX. Conclusion The timeless style of 2000's Y2K fashion for men continues to captivate fashion enthusiasts and trendsetters alike. This era, characterized by its bold and eclectic fashion choices, holds a special place in the hearts of many. The popularity and nostalgia surrounding 2000's Y2K fashion can be attributed to its unique blend of futuristic elements and retro influences. Throughout the 2000s, men's fashion underwent a significant transformation, embracing a more daring and expressive approach. The Y2K era saw the rise of baggy jeans, oversized graphic tees, and flashy accessories. It was a time when self-expression through fashion reached new heights. One of the defining features of 2000's Y2K fashion for men is its connection to vintage clothing styles. The appeal of vintage clothing lies in its ability to evoke a sense of nostalgia and individuality. Vintage band tees, track jackets, and retro sneakers were all popular choices during this time. Nostalgia plays a significant role in the enduring popularity of 2000's Y2K fashion for men. Many individuals who grew up during this era look back fondly on the fashion trends they once embraced. The resurgence of Y2K-inspired outfits in recent years is a testament to the lasting impact of this fashion era. When incorporating Y2K fashion into modern-day looks, it's important to strike a balance between retro and contemporary elements. Mixing vintage pieces with current trends can create a unique and fashion-forward outfit. Experimenting with bold colors, statement accessories, and unconventional silhouettes can also help capture the essence of 2000's Y2K fashion. In conclusion, 2000's Y2K fashion for men remains a timeless style that continues to inspire and influence the fashion industry. Its bold and daring aesthetic, combined with its nostalgic appeal, makes it a favorite among fashion enthusiasts. Whether you're looking to embrace the Y2K style fully or incorporate subtle nods to the era, there are endless possibilities to explore and express your personal style. Unlock the timeless style of 2000's Y2K fashion for men and embrace the nostalgia and individuality it represents. X. Additional Resources As you continue to explore the timeless style of 2000's Y2K fashion for men, here are some additional resources that can provide further inspiration and information: - Y2K Aesthetic – Discover a wide range of clothing and accessories that capture the essence of Y2K fashion. - Y2K Dresses – Explore a collection of Y2K-inspired dresses that are perfect for making a statement. - Kawaii Fashion Clothing – Embrace the cute and playful side of fashion with kawaii-inspired clothing. - Kawaii Dresses – Find adorable and stylish dresses that are sure to turn heads. - Kawaii Socks – Complete your Y2K look with a pair of cute and colorful kawaii socks. - Kawaii Hoodies – Stay cozy and fashionable with a kawaii-inspired hoodie. - Kawaii Accessories – Add the perfect finishing touch to your outfit with kawaii accessories. - Kawaii Jewelry – Discover a selection of cute and unique jewelry pieces to elevate your style. - Kawaii Bags – Find the perfect kawaii bag to carry all your essentials in style. - Kawaii Hats – Complete your look with a trendy and adorable kawaii hat. - Kawaii Stationery – Explore a range of cute and fun stationery items to add some kawaii flair to your everyday life. - Kawaii Pens – Write in style with these adorable kawaii pens. - Kawaii Stickers – Decorate your belongings with cute and colorful kawaii stickers. - Toys – Relive your childhood with a selection of nostalgic toys. - Figurines & Keychains – Add a touch of personality to your belongings with cute figurines and keychains. - Home Decor – Spruce up your living space with kawaii-inspired home decor items.
I really like eggs and usually eat 3 to 4 fruits at breakfast. I don't lose sleep because of it, because research shows that eggs are very Good for health good But depending on the type of hens' food, the egg's nutritional value can vary greatly. Different types of eggs make us confused Have so much that people don't know which one to choose. All of them have in common is due to laying hens, but differ in the way chickens are fed and the type of chicken feed is fed. - Industrial eggs: This type is usually sold in supermarkets. Chickens are often kept in farms or kept in cages and never see sunlight. They are often fed cereal bran, vitamin and mineral supplements and treated with antibiotics and hormones. - Organic eggs: Chicken gives organic eggs no treatment with antibiotics or hormones and is fed organic food. They can sometimes be released outdoors. - Natural eggs: Chicken is grazed, eating plants and insects (natural food) next to industrial food. - Rich in omega-3 eggs : Basically, chickens give omega-3 eggs like industrial chickens, except their food is added omega-3 as Linseed , and sometimes outdoors. Industrial eggs and omega-3 eggs One study compared the fatty acid composition of three types of eggs: industrial, organic and omega-3 . - Arachidonic acid accounts for less than 39% in omega-3 eggs. This is an omega-6 fatty acid that many people are consuming too much. - Omega-3 eggs have l 5 times more omega-3 Industrial eggs. - There is little difference between organic eggs and industrial eggs. It is clear that hens fed the omega-3-rich diet will produce eggs with higher levels of omega-3 than industrial eggs. This is important because most people are currently absorbing very little omega-3. However, this study only analyzed fatty acids without studying other nutrients. Industrial eggs and chicken eggs grazed In 2007, Mother Earth News decided to test the nutritional value of free-range chicken eggs from 14 different farms. They were included in chemical lab research, then compared with industrial eggs according to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) standards. Nutrients in 100 grams of eggs \| Vitamin E (mg) \| Vitamin A (IU) \| Beta Carotene (mcg) \| Omega-3 (g) \| Cholesterol (mg) \| Saturated fat (g) \| Industrial eggs (USDA nutrition database) \| 0.97 \| 487 \| ten \| 0.22 \| 423 \| 3.1 \| Natural hatching eggs MOTHER EARTH NEWS, 2007 \| 3.73 \| 791.86 \| 97.03 \| 0.66 \| 277 \| 2.4 \| As you can see, natural free-range eggs are more nutritious than industrial eggs sold at supermarkets. Chicken eggs are rich in vitamins A, E and Omega-3. They also contain less cholesterol and saturated fat, but I don't think that's the problem. Another study on free-range chicken eggs has similar results . Other eggs Free range It is understandable that the type of breeding with chicken houses has a small window, and the chickens can go out through that door if they want. Cage free means that the chicken is not kept in a cage. But they are still likely to be kept in an unsanitary chicken coop. Things to remember Finally, free-range eggs are still the best. They are rich in nutrients and hens are allowed to travel freely and eat in a more natural mode. If you don't buy this (like me), omega-3 eggs will be the second best option. If you can't buy these two, try using "free-range," "cage-free" or organic eggs. But even if you have no other choice, industrial eggs are still one of them healthy food and most nutritious. Natural incubators> omega-3 eggs> organic eggs> range free eggs / cage free> industrial eggs This shows that what we eat not necessarily the most important, What our food eats It is equally important.
1 \| Physical literacyis the development of fundamental movement skills and fundamental sport skills that permit a child to move confidently and with control in a wide range of physical activity, rhythmic (dance) and sport situations. Physical literacy also includes the ability to "read" what is going on around them in an activity setting and react appropriately to thos [..] 2 \| Training agerefers to the number of years an athlete has been training in a variety of sports, beginning with the early sampling years. This meaning has been disapproved \| 3 \| SKELETAL AGErefers to the maturity of the skeleton determined by the degree of ossification of the bone structure. It is a measure of age that takes into consideration how far given bones have progressed toward maturity, not in size, but with respect to shape and position to one another. 4 \| Sensitive periodof accelerated adaptation to training refers to a point in the development of a specific capacity (e.g. stamina, strength, speed, skill, suppleness) when experience or training has a marked effect on its development. 5 \| readinessrefers to the child's level of growth, maturity, and development that enables him/her to perform tasks and meet demands through training and competition. Readiness and critical periods of trainability during growth and development of young athletes are also referred to as the correct time for the programming of certain stimuli to achieve optimum ad [..] 6 \| Pubertyrefers to the point at which an individual is sexually mature and able to reproduce. 7 \| Peak weight velocityis the maximum rate of increase in weight during the growth spurt. The age of maximum increase in weight is called the age at PWV. This meaning has been disapproved \| 8 \| Maturationrefers to qualitative structural and functional changes as a child progresses toward maturity. One example would be the change of cartilage to bone in the skeleton. 9 \| Peak height velocityis the maximum rate of growth in stature during growth spurt. The age of maximum increase in growth is called the age at PHV. This meaning has been disapproved \| 10 \| Long-term Athlete Developmentis a seven-stage training, competition, and recovery pathway guiding an individual's experience in sport and physical activity from infancy through all phases of adulthood. LTAD is athlete centered, coach driven, and administration, sport science, and sponsor supported. Sequential stages in the LTAD pathway provide developmentally appropriate progr [..] This meaning has been disapproved \|
Content Page Title page i Certification ii Dedication iii Acknowledgments iv Abstract v Table of Contents vi List of Tables viii List of Figures ix 1.1 Background to the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 3 1.3. Objective of the Study 5 1.4. Research Questions 5 1.5. Hypotheses 5 1.6. Significance of the Study 6 1.7 Scope of Study 6 1.8. Operational Definition of Terms 7 1.9. Plan of Work 8 2.0 Introduction 9 2.1 Welfare Packages 9 2.2 Job Satisfaction 10 2.3 Evolution of Welfare Schemes 13 2.4 Relationship between Welfare and Employee Satisfaction 15 Content Page 2.4.1 Promotion, Salaries and Job Satisfaction 19 2.4.2 Welfare Incentives and Job Satisfaction 20 2.4.3 Significance of Employee Satisfaction in Organisation 22 2.5 Measuring Job Satisfaction 24 2.6 A Brief Overview of LASTMA and TRACE 26 2.7 Challenges of Welfare Programs 27 2.8 Factors affecting Job Satisfaction 29 2.8.1 Environmental Factors 29 2.8.2 Personal Factors 30 2.9 Theoretical Framework of the Study 31 3.0 Introduction 36 3.1 Research Design 36 3.2 Population 36 3.3 Sample size and sampling Technique 37 3.4 Research Instrument 38 3.5 Method of Data Collection 39 3.6 Validity of Instrument 40 3.7 Reliability of Instrument 40 3.8 Method of Data Analysis 41 3.9 Ethical Consideration 41 4.0 Introduction 42 4.1 Data Presentation 42 4.1.1 Organization 42 4.2 Data Analysis 47 Content Page 4.3 Test of Hypotheses 51 4.5 Discussion of the Findings 52 5.0 Introduction 55 - Summary 55 5.2 Conclusion 56 - Recommendations 57 - Contribution to Knowledge 58 5.5 Suggestion for Further Studies 58 References 59 Table Page - Frequency distribution of respondent on organization 42 - Frequency distribution of respondent on gender 43 - Frequency distribution of respondent age category 43 - Frequency distribution of respondent working experience 44 - Frequency distribution of respondent work category 44 - Frequency distribution of respondent knowledge of welfare schemes 45 - Frequency distribution of welfare packages observed by respondents 46 Figure Page - Maslow Hierarchy of Needs 32 - Background to the Study The achievement of an organisation's goals is the combination of efforts from human and material resources, every organisation is set out to achieve a particular aim or objectives and this can only be done with the corporation of some people that are known as the employees. Hence, the productivity or the attainment of the goals these organisations set is through the employees and the dedication of these employees to an organisation's goal is highly influenced by the satisfaction they get on the job. Organisations are classified into private, non-governmental and public establishment driving towards achieving various objectives (Egan, Yang & Bartlett, 2004). The type of an organisation would determine the employees needed in the organisation and the provision of welfare packaged that would be available for them. One common thing to all organisation is human capital. The importance of human resources cannot be underrated in an organisation, human resources in any organisation is the greatest asset and this asset in no situation should be compromised. Material and financial resources cannot replace the work of human resources, it can neither increase efficiency nor contribute to the anticipated rate of return on investment. No matter the sufficiency or strength of financial resources of an organisation, probability of success would be low if employees do not have sufficient activity (Taylor & Stern, 2009). The management of employee is an important aspect of organisational process. A well-managed business organisation should recognize the needs of the employees in a way that one can keep them engaged so as to retain them. To understand the importance of people in the organisation is to recognize that human element and the organisation are synonymous. An effective organisation is that, which sees an average employee as the root source of the quality and productivity gains. The organisation would ensure that there is spirit of cooperation, sense of commitment and employee satisfaction within the sphere of its influence (Adeyinka, Ayeni & Popoola, 2007). One of the main aspects of human resources management is the measurement of employee satisfaction. Specific employee's attitudes relating to job satisfaction and organisational commitment are of major interest to the field of organisational behaviour in the practice of human resources management (Adeyinka, Ayeni & Popoola, 2007). The commitment of the workforce to the organisation is determined by the workers contentment with the way of things for gauging their likelihood to stay with the company. For long term growth and to guarantee organisational success, organisations need to retain deserving and talented employees because it is the essential to have experienced people around who can guide fresher or individuals who have just joined the organisation (Okonkwo, Ndubisi & Chidiebere, 2015). This study while looking at the welfare packages of organisation and satisfaction derived by employees, using LASTMA and Trace its launching point to establish facts of discuss. Traffic management is a systematic and sustained effort on directing and controlling all traffic on roads to make them free from negative effects of the transports system. Traffic jam is a common issues in the cities, probably because of the overpopulation in these cities, it delays engagement and can be of negative effect to the mental and physical health of individuals through stress, fatigue, and pollution (Malvika, 2016) as it is also toed to several challenges like delay in activities, road rage depending on how developed the city is. Lagos is the commercial hub of Nigeria, it is also characterized with overpopulation (Asiyanbola, Osoba & Adewale, 2012). The overpopulation of Lagos state has also affected Ogun state because it is the closest state to Lagos state in Nigeria geographically, therefore traffic also spills over to Ogun state because there are a number of people that work or carry out their business activities in in Lagos state and reside in Ogun state. Welfare packages are that part of the total compensation package, other than pay for time worked, provided to employees by the employers. All these benefits are factors that enhance attraction, retention and motivation of employees in an organisation. Welfare package is only effective when it is able to yield a level of satisfaction in employees and there is a problem of individual differences because what satisfies one person may not satisfy another person. In some organisations, it can be observed that in times of crisis, which may lead to delay in payments or remuneration of employees, some workers still tend to stay, perhaps, employee satisfaction can be traced to this. The health and productivity of an organisation depends on motivated workers that have attained a high level of job satisfaction. When employees are satisfied, they tend to be more loyal towards their organisation and stick to their jobs even at worse scenarios (Odeku & Odeku, 2015) . The challenge of traffic management led to the establishment of Lagos State Traffic Management Authority (LASTMA) and Traffic Compliance and Enforcement Corps (TRACE) of Ogun state. LASTMA was set up in June, 2000 to regulate traffic under the Lagos state Ministry Of Public Transportation (MOT), charged with the road traffic matters with a system of operations that makes it responsive to the demands of traffic and to ease traffic congestion, to reduce travel delay, improve access to commerce and industry, redirect traffic, to enhance and protect safety of road users and to enhance sustainable transport system in the city of Lagos state. TRACE was set up in 2005 by the state house of assembly with the responsibility to provide solutions to the incessant crashes with the three level of road safety management to the citizens of the state ( Newswatch times, 2015). The employees under these authorities experience various challenges in carrying out their day to day activities which ranges from lack of corporation by people and motorist, lack of discipline amongst motorist, reckless driving, thuggery and hooliganisms by some motorist, physical abuse and irrespective of all these they still do not leave their job. Welfare of employees in an organisation encompasses matters relating to work conditions and amenities such as canteens, crèches for employee's children, provision of rest and lunch rooms, housing, transport, medical assistance, education, health and safety, recreational facilities etc. - Statement of the Problem Welfare packages are instrument of policy used by organizations to motivate and increase productivity level of their employees. A defect in this ability might result to hinder work performance. Many resultant effect of this could lead to inability to meet basic social responsibilities like rent, tuition fee of ward(s), good provision of meal intake for the family, medical care and many other obligations. Consequently, the effect of such will amount to disaffection and dissatisfaction between the employer and the employee which invariably could hamper efficiency and productivity. Furthermore, benefits such as leave allowance, overtime, hazard packages for safety, travel allowances, Christmas bonus just to mention a few are welfare packages, though not binding in respect to Trade Dispute Acts of Nigeria, but necessary to create harmony and satisfaction of workers at the work place. According to Cowling & Mailer (1992), they argued that within the framework for welfare is the employees' right to enjoy health and safety and the right to be managed fairly. Hence, once this right are impaired, satisfaction at work place would be challenged. However, traffic regulation, planning and management, the setting of safety standards, transport planning and formulation of transport policy have been neglected in Nigeria (Oni, 2010). Specifically, according to Chukwunenye & Amgbare (2010), the right of employees to health and safety at work is one of the basic principles of the labour code, such that when the health and safety of employees are not assured they apparently become "instruments of production". Equally, lack of training to improve skill on the job is another identified problem. Taken together, these problems mentioned are associated factors, perhaps, for the attitudinal disposition of frustration, sharp practices, and low conduct for effective traffic management to hasten easy vehicular movement of goods and services of traffic personnel seen in Lagos and Ogun states. Morale according to Mitchell (1978) talks about job satisfaction, which is, attitude dealing with one's overall feeling toward his or her job. There is no reason to say that the employees have an inalienable right to be managed fairly, except if under slavery. There have also been several instances of industrial conflict arise from management's indifference to the working conditions of the union (employees). These aforementioned problems may not deviate from that which is confronting LASTMA and TRACE in Lagos and Ogun states. Therefore, in view of the foregoing, the study seeks to evaluate the issues of welfare packages in both organisations, Lagos State Traffic Management Authority and Ogun State Traffic Regulation and Compliance in order to enhance the welfare package of employees for optimal productivity. 1.3. Objective of the Study The main objective of this study is to examine how welfare packages influence employee satisfaction in an organisation. The specific objectives are to: - examine the rationale behind welfare packages provided for the Lagos and Ogun state traffic management authorities; - consider the effect of welfare packages on the employees of Lagos and Ogun state traffic management authorities; - determine whether welfare packages actually leads to employee satisfaction in Lagos and Ogun State traffic management authorities and - evaluate the influence of welfare packages, employee satisfaction on organisational productivity of Lagos and Ogun traffic management authorities. 1.4. Research Questions - What are the rationale for welfare packages provided in Lagos and Ogun states traffic management authorities? - What are the effects of welfare packages on employees of the Lagos and Ogun state traffic management authorities? - How does welfare packages actually lead to employee's satisfaction in Lagos and Ogun state traffic management authorities? - How has welfare packages, employee satisfaction influence the organisational productivity in Lagos and Ogun state traffic management authorities? 1.5. Hypothesis H1: There is a significant relationship between welfare packages and employee satisfaction in Lagos and Ogun state Traffic Management authorities. 1.6. Significance of the Study Employees are the most important capital in an organisation and they are said to have direct influence on the productivity, efficiency and effectiveness of an organisation. With their usefulness, they help the organisation in achieving its best, so it is important for the organisation to also help the employees to achieve their best. Human resources management deals with the effective and efficient use of manpower, this should be done in a way that it would favour the employees and also the employers. Welfare packages serves as an instrument for motivating employees and giving a little to the employees out of what the employee is able to help the organisation achieve. Therefore, if an organisation fails in its package of welfare to the employee, it might impaired productivity and limit the merit base of the organisation. Hence, this study is significance because it establishes silent reason(s) for failures seen in many organisations as far as job satisfaction is concerned. Secondly, it would expose Human Resource Department of an organisation to the importance of welfare related issue to productivity, efficiency and satisfaction of the workers. Thirdly, the study would be useful for policy makers, government parastatals and private agencies to be mindful of the welfare structure given to workers under their authority. Lastly, the Lagos state government and Ogun state government under the auspices of LASTMA and TRACE would largely benefit from this study and the study would equally help to fill some gaps not known about this two establishments. 1.7. Scope of the Study The scope of this study is limited to the assessment of welfare packages and employee satisfaction in Lagos and Ogun State Traffic Management Authorities. The geographical settings would be Lagos and Ogun state, and the major organisation to be examined are LASTMA and TRACE. The study examined this two organisation from the year 2012 to 2017. The reason for the selection of these two organizations is to examine why despite the hazard of work associated with this job, employee still stay on the job. The major variables to be examined are welfare packages and employee satisfaction. Hence, study is interested in establishing whether there is a correlation between welfare packages and employee satisfaction which is assumed will lead to productivity and efficiency of work in this two establishments. 1.8. Operational Definition of Terms Employee retention: This is an effort by a business to maintain working environment which supports current staff in remaining with the company. It is the various policies and practices which let the employees stick to an organisation for a longer period of time. Employee Turnover: this is the measurement of how long an employee stays with an organisation and how often the organisation replaces its employees. Anytime an employee leaves an organisation, it is called turnover. Motivation: this are internal or external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested and committed to a job, role or subject, or make an effort to attain a goal. It results from interaction of both conscious and unconscious factors. Job Satisfaction: this is the combination of how an individual thinks, feels and perceives his or her job. It is a set of positive feeling that an employee has about his or her job. It is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experience. It is a result of employee's perception of how well their job provides those things that are viewed as important. In this study, employee satisfaction and job satisfaction would be used synonymously. Career Development: career development is a lifelong process of managing progression in learning, work, leisure and transition in order to move toward a personally determined and evolving preferred future. It involves training on new skills, moving to higher job responsibilities, making a career change within the same organisation or stating one's own business. Social Security: this is a program established in an organisation, which provides a retired employee or disabled employee with a monthly allowance or benefits. If an employee dies prematurely, social security provides the deceased dependent children with support until age of 18. Welfare packages: this are packages, services or benefits that are offered to employees facilitated by employers to make life worth living for its workers. This packages could be in monetary or non-monetary form. 1.9. Plan of Work This study is presented in five chapters; chapter one presents the background to the study, statement of problem, research questions, objectives, significance of the study, scope of the study and the plan of the study. Chapter two shows a review of literature on welfare packages and employee satisfaction. Chapter three focuses on methodology which describes data collection, research design, and study population, research instrument, sampling procedure and data analysis. The fourth chapter focuses on results and discussion of findings, based on the study. Chapter five focuses on the summary, recommendations and conclusions of the study. Relevant references and appendices are also presented at the end of the study. DISCLAIMER: All project works, files and documents posted on this website, eProjectTopics.com are the property/copyright of their respective owners. They are for research reference/guidance purposes only and some of the works may be crowd-sourced. Please don't submit someone's work as your own to avoid plagiarism and its consequences. Use it as a reference/citation/guidance purpose only and not copy the work word for word (verbatim). The paper should be used as a guide or framework for your own paper. 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In a surprising new discovery about potentially deadly salmonella, researchers have determined that the foodborne bacteria has a most unexpected way of telling where it is in the body: It uses its food as its GPS. The bug can sense if it's in the gut or elsewhere in the body based on a substance found in our cell membranes – a nutrient it consumes. It then uses that information to determine whether it should be feasting greedily to establish an infection or whether it needs to focus on fighting the immune system, researchers at the University of Virginia School of Medicine have determined. By understanding this crafty behavior, scientists may one day be able to prevent the bacteria from realizing it's inside a human host, allowing it to pass through the body harmlessly, blind to the environment around it. Food Determines Behavior Once ingested, salmonella is vastly outnumbered: It must compete for nutrients with the millions of bacteria that populate our gut. To establish itself, it begins to consume a substance known as ethanolamine that fosters growth. Scientists have known that ethanolamine was important for salmonella to grow, but the new UVA research reveals that salmonella has far more uses for ethanolamine than previously suspected. Rather than being a simple foodstuff, it's critical for the entire infection process. "Ethanolamine is ubiquitous. It's a part of our cell membranes. So it's always present, but somehow salmonella is able to use it to distinguish where it's at and how it should behave — if it should be metabolizing certain compounds [in the gut] versus turning on resistance genes to prevent its destruction by our immune system," explained Melissa Kendall of UVA's Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology. "It's the same protein that senses ethanolamine in both environments, but it distinctly changes the way salmonella behaves in both environments. So it's able to adapt to different niches within the host as the disease progresses." Stopping Salmonella Salmonella's ability to sense its location in the body is critical for its survival and replication, noted graduate student Christopher J. Anderson. "What's really unique about salmonella is that it's able to not only survive in our immune cells but also replicate. It actually highjacks these immune cells, sort of like a taxicab, to get from the intestinal tract to systemic sites like our liver and spleen," he said. "Normally these immune cells are quite good at killing bacteria they encounter, but salmonella possesses the machinery and capability to stop this killing process and instead turn these immune cells into a hospitable niche that allows disease progression." This form of pathogenic GPS might not be limited to salmonella, so the discovery may open the door to a whole new approach to battling such diseases. "This protein is actually conserved in a lot of different pathogens," Kendall said. "We might have identified a conserved mechanism that many bacteria use to sense the host and then change the way they behave." Findings Published The discovery has been outlined in the scientific journal PLOS Pathogens in an article written by Anderson, David E. Clark, Mazhar Adli and Kendall. Media Contact Article Information February 9, 2016
Is UV-Free Tanning the Future? Many of us now understand that the sun's rays can be damaging to the skin, but that doesn't mean we don't like the idea of a tan. A tan is still generally seen as a healthy and aesthetically flattering look. The problem is, as experts say, there is no safe way to get a tan through sun exposure. It is commonly accepted that ultraviolet (UV) rays from sun exposure can damage the skin and cause skin cancer. Even the best sunscreen is not 100% UV-proof and will allow some of the sun's damaging rays to get through. So what if, in the future, you could get a suntan without having to sunbathe? Scientists from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston), have managed to promote tanning in mice that do not normally produce eumelanin. Previous studies showed that inhibiting the action of certain enzymes could induce pigmentation in mice. In this latest study, the team set out to darken human skin using the same enzymes with specially developed molecules which would better penetrate the skin. Lab tests showed that applying these molecules to the skin induced a tan which lasted several days. Lead investigator Dr. David E Fisher said: "The activation of the tanning/pigmentation pathway by this new class of small molecules is physiologically identical to UV-induced pigmentation without the DNA-damaging effects of UV. "We need to conduct safety studies, which are always essential with potential new treatment compounds, and better understand the actions of these agents." The next step is to carry out toxicity studies in animals and then test in humans, as testing so far has been in-vitro only. The long-term goal is to develop a compound that could be used together with regular sunscreen. Sun Advice In the meantime, doctors at Cosmedics Skin Clinics advise their patients to be very careful with any sun exposure and not be tempted to forego safety in order to pursue a tan. Advice includes: - Apply sunscreen generously to any areas of the skin that are exposed - Re-apply sunscreen every two hours and immediately after swimming/sweating to maintain its benefit - When in the sun, keep well covered – wear a hat, T-shirt and sunglasses for additional protection. - Avoid the sun at its strongest – seek shade between 11-3pm in the summer - Avoid direct sun exposure for babies and very young children Mole Checking Sun-related skin problems can surface years later. Always be vigilant for suspicious moles and regularly check in a detailed 'top to toe' mole check, even in the more unusual areas such as the scalp, or under the soles of the feet. Dr Ross Perry, a leading mole removal expert who is the Company's founder and Medical Director, calls it the 'ugly duckling sign' and advises patients to seek medical attention as soon as possible to rule out skin cancer. Cosmetic Moles If the mole is deemed to be 'safe', then removal on the NHS is now quite unlikely as it will be classed as a cosmetic issue. Many adults therefore choose private mole removal clinics for treatment. For some this is about peace of mind, for others it is purely an aesthetic issue. Cosmedics Skin Clinics offer mole removal in London and Bristol with qualified and experienced doctors. Moles are removed using the latest surgical techniques including laser mole removal; with techniques designed to minimise scarring and make the procedure entirely painless. For more information or to book a consultation, please complete the form on this web page or call 020 7386 0464.
Tecsis load cells are a crucial component in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing. These load cells are used to measure force or weight in a wide range of applications, from monitoring production processes to ensuring the safety and reliability of machinery. The technology behind Tecsis load cells is quite sophisticated and relies on precise engineering to ensure accurate and reliable measurements. These load cells consist of a sensor that deforms when a force is applied to it. This deformation is then converted into an electrical signal that can be measured and used to determine the force or weight being applied. There are several types of Tecsis load cells, each designed for specific applications and environments. For example, there are compression load cells, tension load cells, and shear load cells, each suitable for different types of force measurement. These load cells can also be made from various materials, such as stainless steel, aluminum, or even plastics, depending on the specific requirements of the application. One of the key features of Tecsis load cells is their high accuracy and reliability. These load cells are often calibrated to ensure precise measurements, and they are built to withstand harsh conditions, such as high temperatures, vibrations, and corrosive environments. This makes them ideal for use in a wide range of industries where accurate force measurement is essential. Furthermore, Tecsis load cells are designed to be easy to install and maintain. They are typically equipped with standard mounting options and electrical connections, making them straightforward to integrate into existing systems. Additionally, these load cells are often designed with minimal moving parts to reduce the risk of mechanical failure and ensure long-lasting performance. In conclusion, understanding the technology behind Tecsis load cells is essential for anyone working in industries that rely on accurate force measurement. These load cells are a crucial component in various applications, and their high accuracy, reliability, and ease of use make them a popular choice for engineers and technicians. By utilizing Tecsis load cells, industries can ensure the safety, efficiency, and quality of their processes while also reducing the risk of downtime and costly repairs.
Up to 90% of the world's biggest cotton buyers, including popular brands Gap, Levi Strauss & Co, Inditex, Hugo Boss and ASOS, do not yet meet minimum standards for transparency and fair labour. Only nine out of 82 brands assessed in the 2023 Sustainable Cotton Hub Ranking – a collaborative effort from Solidaridad Europe and the Pesticide Action Network UK (PAN UK) – were found to be buying at least 99% of their cotton from sources that had been certified. They were: Decathlon, H&M, IKEA, Adidas, Colombia Sportswear, Marks and Spencer, C&A, Lojas Renner and Puma. This is particularly good news for Adidas and Puma as both sportswear brands were named in a damning report last year, after Xinjiang cotton – which is linked to forced labour and is banned in the US – was found in their products. By contrast, 30 brands, including MaxMara, Forever 21, Foot Locker and Giorgio Armani were given a score of zero. The ranking considered whether cotton was recycled, whether it had certification standards and whether it was organic – meaning it had been grown without pesticides which have been linked with health issues among farmers, particularly in developing countries. Subscribe to Sustainability Beat for free Sign up here to get the latest sustainability news sent straight to your inbox each morning "Nearly half of smallholder cotton farmers are poisoned by pesticides every year,"said PAN UK international projects manager Rajan Bhopal, one of the report's authors. "Zero pesticide poisoning is possible today if textile and apparel companies choose to take responsibility for their supply chains and deepen investment in supporting a transition to agroecological cotton production." Solidaridad Europe senior policy advisor Tamar Hoek, who also contributed to the report, said: "Given the resources available to big brands, unsustainable cotton is a choice. But it doesn't have to be one we live with." "Brands and retailers can make new decisions. They can choose to take on the complex question of fair play, rather than use it as an excuse. And they can choose to engage with all actors along their supply chain, rather than their intermediaries."
Objective. To describe the suicidal career in the long-term course of severe depression. Subjects and Method. Seventy-five former in-patients were interviewed by telephone about course of depression and suicide attempts 37–53 years after index admission. Medical records were read in many cases. Results. 29 subjects had attempted suicide, 13 repeated, 10 made severe, and 13 violent attempts. The risk of suicide attempt decreased by 10% for every decade spent depressed. Suicide attempts were made early in course of depression, and more time was spent depressed after suicide attempts than before. Conclusions. A healing process of the suicidal career, which may occur long before the end of the last depressive episode (sometimes decades), is proposed. 1. Introduction Depression is a common disease [1]. It is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, and it is a major contributor to the global burden of disease [2]. Suicide is a feared outcome of depressive disorders. A review article calculated the life time risk of committing suicide to 6% in affective disorder [3]. Mood disorders is one of the diagnoses that convey the highest risk for suicidal behavior in high-income countries [4]. Different studies have shown that 43% to 60% of all suicide victims suffered from mood disorders [5–8], and, when dysthymia was included, 90% of the suicide victims were shown to have suffered from a depressive disorder according to one study [9]. Severe depression (major depressive disorder with melancholic or psychotic features/endogenous depression) has been shown to predominate in the depressive group of suicide victims [10, 11]. Attempted suicide is important in the study of suicide since it is the most important known risk factors for completed suicide [12–15]. Different studies have shown rates of attempted suicide between 15% [13] and 34% [16] for patients with major depressive disorder. Subjects with major depressive disorder who have attempted suicide have an increased risk of reattempting [17]. The risk of suicide attempts among depressive patients has been found to be strongly associated with the presence and severity of depressive symptoms [17]. It has also been proposed that length of time spent depressed is likely to be the major risk factor for the overall long-term risk of suicide attempts [13]. Number of depressive episodes has been shown to be positively correlated with the number of suicide attempts [12, 18]. On the other hand, it has been proposed that suicide attempts occur early in the course of depression [19–23] and it has been shown that those who have attempted suicide are likely to repeat attempts soon after the first attempt [14, 24]. Thus, the knowledge about suicide attempts during the course of depression is contradictory; longer time spent depressed increases the risk of attempt, still attempts seem to occur early in the depressive course. We have previously shown that the very long-term course of severe depression can be described according to six different long-term courses. Both recovery and remission were possible in the late course [25]. To the best of our knowledge, however, no studies have related suicide attempts to the very late course of severe depression. The aim of this present study was to study the suicidal career among these long-term survivors of severe depression. First, the occurrence of suicide attempts and reattempts were noted, and then severity and violence of the attempts were evaluated. Second, the risk of suicide attempt during the course of depression was investigated. A connection between the suicidal career and the depressive course clusters was studied. Finally, did the subjects stay depressed after suicide attempts without making more attempts? 2. Subjects and Methods 2.1. Subjects The subjects in the present study are a sample previously described according to their long-term course of severe depression [25]. Between 1956 and 1969, a multidimensional schedule, including diagnoses, was used to rate all in-patients at the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Lund, Sweden [26]. The ratings were made at discharge of the patients and were performed by senior psychiatrists with at least three years of training. In all, 1206 subjects were diagnosed with severe depression/melancholia during that time span. Of these there were 700 women and 506 men. According to one study [27], including 178 of these patients, at least 91% of the patients met the criteria for severe depression with melancholic or psychotic features according to DSM IV [28], and the actual number was probably higher, as symptoms may be underreported in the records. Out of the 1206 subjects, 471 were born in 1920 and later and could therefore be expected to be alive and able to participate in a third followup 2006–2010. They were followed up by the Central Bureau of Statistics Sweden until 1 May 2006. After excluding those who had died (), those who could not be traced (), and those who were contacted but were not able to participate due to dementia, other illness, or not remembering ever being depressed, 150 remained. Of these 75 agreed to join the study (51 women and 24 men) and were interviewed by telephone [25]. 2.2. Methods The interviews were based on a structured life-chart procedure, as proposed by Roy-Byrne et al. [19]. The interview consisted of questions about social situation, occupation, physical illness, current medication, course of depression, cause of onset and cause of recovery/remission, treatment, suicide attempts, childhood, alcohol, and so forth. Permission to read their records was given by 44 subjects. Thirty-six records were found and read. A cluster analysis has previously been performed and six course clusters were identified describing the course of depression [25]. In summary, there was a short-term course with or without recurrence or a chronic course with or without late remission. In the present study the suicide attempters and the nonattempters of the sample followed up in 2006–2010 were compared regarding their long-term course of depression. Parameters considered for comparison were gender, debut age of depression, time of depressive episodes, the course of depression previously described, time of suicide attempts, number of attempts, severity of attempts, and whether a violent method had been used in the attempts. The year a subject first was admitted due to depression was defined as debut year of severe depression, usually the first episode. The information on suicide attempts was obtained from telephone interviews and records, when possible, () or from the interviews only (). Suicide attempt was first scored by severity on the basis of the schedules introduced by Motto [29] and Weisman and Worden [30]. We used a rather broad definition of self-harm, including what Motto called suicidal gestures, in cases where intent was difficult to determine on the basis of case records. The original study started in 1984 and the same definitions were used in the two followups in 1998 and 2006. Some more recent investigators also used a broad definition of self-harm without considering the degree of intent [31–33], which would include suicidal gestures and probably some aborted attempts (serious intent but interrupted by the subject before self-harm was caused), which were also categorized if possible. The latter have been described by Marzuk et al. [34] and have been associated with actual suicide attempts [35]. The rater (AM) was blind to the history of the subjects and evaluated severity and violence according to the information about the individual attempts found in medical records and documentation from interviews. Severity of suicide attempts was graded according to previous measures [15] with special reference to severe suicide attempts: either highly lethal suicide attempts, requiring intensive care, which were considered medically severe and/or if there were precautions against discovery and strong regret at failure to die, which were considered psychologically severe (the latter was not found in the present study). Grading of severe attempt was possible in 27 out of 29 subjects. In another case we knew that there had been definite suicide attempts, but there were also later attempts for which we had insufficient information. Thus we could conclude that there had been definite attempts but not exclude severe attempts in that case, and grading for definite attempts was possible for 28 persons. Suicide attempts were also defined as violent or nonviolent, which was possible in 27 out of 29 subjects. Superficial cutting and drug intoxication were defined as nonviolent methods and all others were defined as violent [36]. For one subject the exact time for the one and only suicide attempt was not possible to find out. For another the time for the last attempt was known but not the exact time for the earlier attempts, and therefore the length of suicidal career could not be calculated for this subject. Thus, the time of the suicidal career could be estimated in 27 cases. 2.3. Statistics A poisson regression was used for modelling how the instensity of suicide attempt per person and year varied by time. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison of time spent depressed before and after suicidal career. 2.4. Ethic Approval The study was approved by Lund Medical Ethics Committee 2003. 3. Results 3.1. Occurrence and Characteristics of Suicide Attempts Out of the 75 subjects, there were 29 (39%) who had attempted suicide, 8 men and 21 women. Reattempts were made by 13 (45%) of the attempters. One subject stands out, having made twelve attempts. Altogether the 29 suicide attempters had made 67 attempts (Table 1). The characteristics of suicide attempts are presented in Table 2. In all, 10 out of 27 subjects (37%) had made at least one severe attempt and another 12 had made at least one definite attempt; in all 22/28 (79%) had made at least one definite or severe attempt, that is, 22/75 (29%) of the total sample. Thirteen of 27 subjects (48%) had used a violent method in at least one suicide attempt. Thus occurrence of suicide attempts as well as repetition, severity, and use of violent method was not uncommon among long-term survivors of severe depression. 3.2. Course of Depression and Suicide Attempts The distribution of suicide attempts during the course of depression is presented in Figure 1. A poisson modeling showed that the intensity of suicide attempt actually decreased by 10% per decade (incidence rate: 0.90, CI = (0.87, 0.93), and value <0.001). When comparing the occurrence of suicide attempts to the course cluster of depression, we found a nonsignificant trend towards a higher risk in chronic course. There were 16/51 (31%) suicide attempters in the group with short-term course with or without recurrence and 13/24 (54%) in the group with chronic course with or without late remission (Fisher's exact test = 0.077). There were somewhat higher rates of repetition, 8/16 (50%), in the first group compared with 5/13 (38%) in the chronic group. Thus the risk of suicide attempt tended to be higher in the chronic group, but there was no increased risk of repetition. 3.3. The Suicidal Career among Attempters The suicide attempts among those who attempted suicide related to course of depression are presented in Figure 2. Suicide attempts were made early in the course of depression. The time from debut of depression to first suicide attempt was significantly shorter than the time after the last suicide attempt to the end of the last depressive episode (Wilcoxon , ). Thirteen of 27 suicide attempters made their first attempt within one year from debut of first depressive episode. Mean time from first depressive episode was 5.30 years (±8.33) and median 2 years. Mean number of years from last suicide attempt to recovery or to telephone interview (when still depressed) was 18.96 years (±16.87) and median 13.5 years. Only five out of twenty-nine subjects had a late debut (more than a decade) of suicide attempts with 12, 13, 14, 22, and 36 years, respectively, between first depressive episode and first suicide attempt. However, the person who first made an attempt after 36 years made their two only attempts during a late relapse of depression, and the other outlier making an attempt after 22 years did it late in the course of chronic depression. Fifteen of the suicide attempters experienced depressive episodes for more than ten years after their last attempt, out of which ten subjects had continuous depressive episodes for 30 years or more without making any more attempts. Among those who made repeated suicide attempts, the attempts were usually made within a short time span; 6 out of 13 had a suicidal career lasting for one year or less and 11 within 5 years. Only two persons had a much longer time from first to last attempt, lasting for 13 or 17 years (the first made continuous attempts and the other made a second attempt late in course; both had continuous depression after their last suicide attempt). Mean debut age of depression in the whole sample was 27.25 years [25], and for the subjects making suicide attempts it was 24.9 years. Mean debut age of suicide attempts was 30.2 years (median 28). Thus the suicidal career came to an end long before the end of depressive episodes, and there was usually no relapse of suicide attempts later in course. 3.4. Treatment In the case records available, the rates of adequate treatment for the depressive episodes in the long-term course of depression did not differentiate between those who made suicide attempts and those who did not (77% versus 77%). There was no difference in rates of treatment at time of the interview (31% versus 29%). 4. Discussion 4.1. Main Findings Suicide attempts were not uncommon among long-term survivors of severe depression, and neither were repeated, severe, or violent attempts. In the present study the risk of suicide attempts decreased by 10% for every decade of depression. The subjects in this study attempted suicide early in their course of depression and debut attempts were often made while subjects were young. Furthermore, suicide attempts occurred only for a limited period of time among repeaters; 11 of 13 who made repeated attempts had a suicidal career lasting for five years or less. Finally, almost all suicide attempters continued to have depressive episodes for many years and they spent significantly more time depressed after their last suicide attempt than before it. These findings are in concordance with other studies, in which suicide attempts have been found to occur early in the course of depression [20–23, 37] and reattempts follow soon after suicide attempts [24]. However, the present study contradicts the findings that time spent depressed increases the risk of making new suicide attempts [9, 10, 17, 18]. In a previous study on 100 suicide victims and matched controls selected from the same original sample of 1206 former in-patients with a severe depression/melancholia, it was found that those who continued to make suicide attempts throughout their course of depressive episodes were more likely to finally commit suicide [38]. The increased rates of suicide attempts among suicide victims may be seen as an indication of an end of the suicidal career among survivors. However, in that previous study the median followup was only 12.8 years in the suicide group, as the case records of the controls were cut, when the suicide victim they matched died. Moreover, the length of time of depression after last suicide attempt was not measured. Risk of late relapse of suicide attempts could not be concluded either. In the present study the number of severe and violent attempts was rather high; 37% and 48% respectively, of the subjects had used a severe and/or violent method for at least one attempt. Less severe and less violent methods among suicide attempters have been proposed in other studies [39, 40]. On the other hand, it has been shown that subjects who make severe suicide attempts and those who complete suicide have much in common [41], and violent suicide attempt has been related to completed suicide [42, 43]. Thus, it is noteworthy that a high proportion of long-term survivors of severe depression with melancholic and/or psychotic features made severe/violent suicide attempts but never completed suicide. The rates of repetition were somewhat higher compared to other previous investigations, 45% versus 25% in another study, in which frequent repetition in females predicted suicide [44], but similar to another one, where half of the patients made repeated attempts [45]. In comparing the course of depression, we found a trend towards a higher risk of suicide attempt among those who had a chronic course of depression, though suicide attempts generally occurred before the depression was chronic and there did not seem to be a high risk of repetition of attempts during the chronic course. There may be some risk inherent in depression as such rather than a risk of continuous course in chronic cases, but the sample is too small to allow conclusions. Further research is needed. Treatment did not seem to differentiate between those who had made suicide attempts and those who had not, but certain data were difficult to receive in retrospect during this long time span. We found that some of formerly depressive patients had recurrent depressive episodes with or without antidepressant treatment. Some made suicide attempts during treatment and some without treatment. The suicidal career may end despite recurrent depressive episodes as a natural course of depression with suicidal behavior in untreated cases. It is also possible that some stop making suicide attempts during later depressive episodes despite antidepressant therapy. In these cases it cannot be excluded that antidepressant therapy has no effect on depression but on suicidal behavior only. This possibility cannot be concluded either, as we do not know with certainty that antidepressants are the cause of the end of suicidal behavior, when it has not had an effect on depression. We propose that the suicidal career may end despite severe, violent, or repeated suicide attempts and also ends long before the recovery of depression (sometimes decades), usually without relapse of suicide attempt. Recovery from depression does not seem to be a precondition for ending of a suicidal career and continuous depressive episodes do not seem to increase the risk of suicide attempts. 4.2. Strengths and Limitations The material in this study is unique since the subjects have been followed up during a very long period of time, between 37 and 53 years. To the best of our knowledge no one has described such a long course before. This enables the study of a very long-term perspective of the course of depression and how it affects the career of suicidal attempts. It is also a limitation, since the subjects get highly selected. From the original 471 subjects 169 were alive and possible to track. That some subjects could not be traced was sometimes due to the fact that some had old civic registration numbers without the four last digits, some had emigrated, and some did not have the correct telephone number in the registers. This fact did not probably contribute to an important selection bias. Out of 150 subjects who were able to participate 75 were included in the present study. However, the goal of the study was to look at the long-term survivors of severe depression. The deceased subjects may well be compatible with those being alive when it comes to suicide attempts, since they have died from other causes than suicide. The prevalence of suicide attempts in the sample is somewhat higher compared with those found in other studies [12, 13, 16]. However, it is similar to the rates among other survivors from the same sample; 38% versus 34% [38]. Hence, the present sample is probably representative for the larger sample of patients with severe depression/melancholia despite of the limited participation in the present study. The small total number of suicide attempts, independent of representativity, is another limitation and the findings need replication. However, we could, with greater certainty, conclude that there is not an increased risk of suicide attempts during course of depression despite the small sampling size. In a retrospective study you always have to deal with the limitation of recall bias. The length of the study and the fact that the subjects were old may worsen this problem. When the course of depression was investigated during a previous study [25], the telephone interview records were compared with medical records. It showed that subjects in general had estimated more depressive episodes than there were episodes in their records—no underestimation seemed probable. It may also be assumed that a suicide attempt is less easily to be forgotten than a depressive episode. 5. Conclusions According to our findings, the long-term survivors of severe depression in our study tend to make single or repeated suicide attempts during early course of depression and may later continue to have depressive episodes for many years, sometimes decades, without making any more attempts. The attempts can be severe and violent or repeated but still not lead to a longer suicidal career or to completed suicide. A healing process of the suicidal career, which occurs long before the healing of depression, is proposed. This paper is supported by Contract Grants from the Lundbeck Foundation; Sjöbring Fund; O. M. Persson Memorial Fund; Jönköping public health services area. Anna Lindgren, Mathematical Statistics, Centre of Mathematical Sciences, provided statistical advice. Late Arne Frank assisted with the register followup. Kristina Hansen assisted with the case record evaluation.
Tips To Expand Your Flower Beds For A Bigger & Better Garden Flower beds aren't just pretty; they boost our moods and bring your outdoor space to life, which is probably why so many people love having them in their gardens. Beyond sprucing up the space, flower beds come with a bunch of perks: They prevent erosion, stop puddles from forming, and even clean the air. If you've got a flower bed and are thinking about making it bigger or just want to give it a revamp, it's definitely a project worth diving into. Like all landscaping projects, touching your flower bed can seem daunting, but if you need a little push to get started, you might want to check out this quick 1-minute flower bed makeover by jbuslawn for some instant inspiration. Of course, the complete transformation of a flower bed takes more than a minute! But watching a quick video like jbuslawn's can give you a solid overview of what's involved in expanding a flower bed. Ready to get started on expanding your stunning flower garden? Here's what you'll need: a shovel, a step edger, and something to mark out the new boundaries, like string or spray paint. Don't forget the mulch and the new flowers you want to plant. You might also consider edging your garden bed with stones or metal for a cleaner look. Once you've gathered all your tools, you're all set. How to easily expand your flower garden Before you start expanding your flower garden, it's a good idea to tidy up your existing bed. Clear out any weeds, rocks, and decomposing leaves. If your perennials have grown too close and clumped together, divide and transplant them to the new area. Then, rake the soil and enrich it with two to three layers of compost. Begin the expansion by marking out the new borders of your flower garden with a string, then trace them with spray paint for precision. Next, use a step edger to define this line clearly. Use a step edger to clearly define these lines. For a natural border without edging, dig slightly deeper around the edge and create a 45-degree angle to stop grass from growing in your flower beds. Doing this also keeps the mulch in place and makes the area easier to maintain. Remove the grass along the expansion. If you want to reuse the grass, you can use a pro plugger to transplant your healthy grass plugs to other areas in your garden, like what The Lawn Whisperer did. Take the plants and flowers for your new bed and arrange them in their desired spots. Once you're happy with the layout, transplant them into the expanded area. Don't forget to mix in some compost and manure to give the plants a nutritious boost. Top off your new flower bed with a layer of mulch to help retain moisture and keep weeds at bay. Expand your flower beds without digging The most rigorous step in expanding your flower bed is the digging part, since you want to remove any grass and weeds to make your bed a clean slate before planting your chosen plants and flowers. If the digging part discourages you from starting your flower bed expansion project, why not try the no-digging method? The process is relatively similar. Outline the expansion and dig through the border. Instead of digging out all the grass, get a lawn mower and cut your grass as low as possible, similar to what Gardening with Mama Bird did. Cover the rest of the area thoroughly with cardboard; this will act as a weed barrier. However, these typically have gaps. Hooked and Rooted recommends using pallet cardboards, typically sandwiched between water cases in large retailers. You can also use paper grocery bags, especially around corners. Soak the cardboard in water. Layer it with one to two inches of compost before topping it off with 3-inch-thick mulch. Water it again to help with the decomposing process. While some recommend planting immediately on the compost, others suggest waiting until the grass dies off. Until then, continue watering the area to help degrade the cardboard underneath.
Resolution 15 outcomes: Transformation of mountainous ethnic regions (P.2) Ethnic work is central and crosscutting to Hanoi's political system. Amidst the challenging initial phase of administrative boundary expansion, Hanoi's authorities have issued directives to ensure the comprehensive and expeditious implementation of ethnic policies. Dong Xuan Primary School in Quoc Oai District. Photos: Tung Nguyen/The Hanoi Times \| Putting ethnic policies in place After the promulgation of Resolution 15, the socioeconomic development of ethnic minorities and mountainous areas became a prominent priority for Party committees, authorities, and the entire political system in Hanoi. The Party and the Central Government's guidelines and decisions were creatively and flexibly applied in the city to fit the specific circumstances. To promote strong and comprehensive growth for ethnic minorities residing in mountainous areas, several particular processes and policies were painstakingly devised and put into place. Nguyen Tat Vinh, former head of Hanoi's Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs, highlighted the city's decisive actions, including the municipal Party Committee's thematic resolution No. 06-NQ/TU on the development of socio-economic areas for ethnic minorities in the capital's mountainous regions, and the Hanoi People's Council's allocation of substantial investment funds to support these communities. In line with the policy of the Hanoi Party Committee and with the support of the People's Council, the Hanoi People's Committee introduced Plans No. 62, No. 166, and No. 138, which aim to achieve comprehensive socio-economic development for ethnic minorities and mountainous areas in the periods 2009-2012, 2012-2015, and 2016-2020, respectively. After the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 1719/QD-TTg approving the National Target Program for the Socio-economic Development of Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas for the Period 2021-2030, the Hanoi People's Committee promptly drafted Plan No. 253/KH-UBND to effectively carry out the program in the capital region. Besides central and key decisions and plans derived from the overarching policies of the central government, the People's Council and People's Committee of Hanoi City have also approved several decisions and programs tailored to local conditions in order to achieve comprehensive and sustainable socio-economic development for ethnic minorities and mountainous areas. The capital adopted Resolution No. 16 to carry out a monthly support policy for respected and reputable persons, Plan No. 182 to execute the ethnic work strategy for 2021-2030, and a plan to implement Prime Minister's Decision No. 2085, which approves specific policies to support the socio-economic development of ethnic minority mountainous areas. The construction of an irrigation reservoir in Phu Man Commune (Quoc Oai District) helps meet the water demands for agricultural production and the local community. \| Investing in infrastructure development Nguyen Van Duc, deputy director of Hanoi's Department of Planning and Investment, said substantial funds have been allocated to improve infrastructure in ethnic minority and mountainous communes. About VND2.4 trillion (US$101.3 million) has been set aside for this purpose under Plans 62, 166 and 138 of the Hanoi People's Committee. In addition, the Hanoi People's Committee has earmarked VND1.5 trillion (US$63.3 million) for the National Target Program on Socio-economic Development in these areas for the period 2021-2030. "Despite budget constraints, the city remains committed to spending about VND975 billion ($41.2 million) to implement 89 key infrastructure projects to meet the needs of ethnic minority and mountain communities in the capital," Duc said. In total, investment in ethnic minority mountainous areas in Hanoi has exceeded VND4 trillion ($169 million), he added. In addition to the substantial funds from the city budget, Hanoi has asked urban districts to support the construction of 46 village cultural houses in the mountainous ethnic areas, at a cost of about VND92 billion ($4 million). In addition, five projects to upgrade the power grid for communes in these regions have already been completed, with an investment of VND101 billion ($4.26 million) by the Hanoi Power Corporation. The business community has also played an important role in supporting these efforts. In addition, five ethnic minority districts have demonstrated self-reliance by allocating funds from district budgets to invest in improving the quality of life and socio-economic infrastructure in their respective regions. For example, Thach That District has allocated nearly VND72 billion ($3 million) for numerous housing projects. The development of ethnic minority areas has been supported with capital from various programs and plans, especially the National Target Program for Building New Rural Areas. The substantial investment funds mobilized from various economic sectors show the special attention and solidarity of the Hanoi Party Committee, the People's Council and the People's Committee to the comprehensive development of mountainous and ethnic minority areas in the capital. The Yen Bai Bridge links the ethnic minority communities in the mountainous region of Ba Vi District with the outskirts of Hanoi. \| More support to come In line with the goals outlined in Resolution 15, the Hanoi People's Committee has promulgated and directed the implementation of specific plans, programs and projects for the advancement of ethnic minority areas. Nguyen Nguyen Quan, head of the Hanoi Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs, highlighted various support measures, including the allocation of farmland, housing and safe water to 1,286 ethnic minority households in mountainous areas. The city has also supported poor households in difficult regions and facilitated job transitions for about 1,000 households facing a shortage of productive land. In addition, Hanoi has diligently implemented the central government's policies on education, training, health care, and social security. Substantial funds have been spent to support students from impoverished households in extremely difficult areas, he said. Hanoi provides additional support for teachers working in mountainous ethnic minority communes, as well as a monthly allowance for respected and reputable persons in these regions, according to Resolution No. 16 of the Hanoi People's Council. Deputy Chairman of the Hanoi People's Committee Nguyen Manh Quyen stressed that ethnic work plays a central and cross-cutting role in the agenda of the entire political system. "Other efforts have focused on examining, and supervising the implementation of ethnic affairs from the city level down to the grassroots," Quyen said. Looking ahead, Hanoi is committed to supporting departments, branches and localities in mountainous ethnic minority areas to proactively and thoroughly implement capital construction and investment projects for production growth, he added. This includes ensuring that centralized management is in line with goals, mechanisms and policies. They aim to implement decentralization in investment management through regulations, while ensuring transparency and publicity in the allocation of capital sources. The active participation of ethnic minorities will be actively promoted and encouraged in these efforts, Quyen said. (to be continued...) Vietnam: Home to the world's cultural and natural wonders Vietnam news in brief - May 26 Exploring innovative vegan cuisine in old rice barn in heart of Hanoi Vietnamese continues benefiting from Australia's Investing in Women Vietnam's outbound travel buzz soars this summer Japan to support Vietnam in developing highly skilled workforce in emerging fields Vietnam's wine market to reach US$167B in 2027 Walking tour to experience public arts in the heart of Hanoi Propaganda poster contests launched for Hanoi's 70th liberation anniversary
Why Panel PCs are Crucial in Industrial Settings Panel PCs are highly essential for the smooth running of industrial processes. These computers are housed in a protective casing and can be used to monitor and control various machines and systems in an industrial setting. They are designed to withstand harsh environments and can function optimally under stressful conditions. Tips for Installing Panel PCs in Industrial Settings Choose the Right Location for the Panel PC One of the essential steps when installing a panel PC in an industrial setting is choosing the right location. The location should be easily accessible, allowing for smooth and easy control of industrial processes. It should also be well-protected from extreme temperatures and dust. The mounting position should be chosen based on the line of sight, allowing the operator to have a clear view of the screen. Consider the Cooling System Industrial settings generate a lot of heat, which can damage panel PCs if they are not well-protected. Overheating can cause permanent damage to your computer and lead to unexpected downtime. It is critical to consider the cooling system when installing a panel PC in an industrial setting. You can opt for a fanless design or ensure that the computer is installed in a well-ventilated area with sufficient airflow. Proper cooling can increase the lifespan of your panel PC and prevent downtime due to overheating. Choose the Right Screen Size The size of the screen is another crucial consideration when selecting a panel PC for your industrial facility. The screen should be large enough to display all the information that operators need to control and monitor industrial processes. A large screen can also improve visibility and accuracy, making it easier to control and monitor different machines and systems. Get a Dustproof and Waterproof Panel PC Industrial settings are prone to dust and moisture, which can damage panel PCs. It is vital to choose a dustproof and waterproof panel PC that can withstand exposure to dust, moisture, and other contaminants typically found in industrial settings. A dustproof and waterproof panel PC is designed to protect the internal components of the computer, ensuring the efficient running of industrial processes and maximum uptime. Use High-Quality Cables and Connectors Using high-quality cables and connectors is also an essential consideration when installing a panel PC in an industrial setting. These components ensure stable and reliable connections between the panel PC and different machines and systems in an industrial facility. Investing in quality cables and connectors can help prevent unexpected downtime and minimize the risk of costly repairs and maintenance. For a complete educational experience, we recommend this external resource filled with additional and relevant information. https://www.tangent.com/, discover new perspectives on the subject covered. Panel PCs are a critical component in industrial settings, as they enable operators to control and monitor various machines and systems. However, their installation requires careful consideration of several factors. By choosing the right location, cooling system, screen size and using high-quality cables and connectors, you can ensure that your panel PC operates optimally and withstands the demands of your industrial facility. Visit the related links we've provided to deepen your knowledge:
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a life-threatening blood disorder characterized by defective red blood cells that break apart, leading to complications like low blood cell counts, blood clots, and bone marrow failure. PNH is a rare condition, affecting fewer than two people out of every million. If you are diagnosed with any serious health condition, it is important to learn as much as you can about that condition. This can be more complicated when a condition is rare—there is less available data and fewer case studies to inform patient education materials. It can also be more complicated when the information that is available is surrounded by unfamiliar terms. Below is a list of terms associated with PNH that can serve as a reference when you are reading up on the condition and how it can be treated. - Paroxysmal. Paroxysmal symptoms refer to symptoms that are sudden and recurring, which describes the pattern of symptoms typical of PNH. - Nocturnal. Nocturnal refers to night. In many cases of PNH, hemoglobin can accumulate in the bladder while a person sleeps at night. - Hemoglobinuria. This refers to hemoglobin in the urine, which is a common symptom of PNH. Urine that contains hemoglobin will be dark in color. - Hemoglobin. An iron-rich protein found in red blood cells. Hemoglobin is needed to transport oxygen throughout the body and to clear carbon dioxide from the body. - Acquired disorder. Some health conditions are present at birth (congenital), others are acquired at a later point in a person's life. PNH is acquired later in life and typically affects adults. - Anemia. A condition where the blood does not have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin. PNH causes hemolytic anemia, which occurs when red blood cells are broken down faster than the body can make more. - Thrombosis. Blood clots are one possible complication of PNH. Blood clots are clumps of coagulated blood that form in the veins. Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot blocks a vein or artery. It is the leading cause of death among people who have PNH. - Budd-Chiari syndrome. This refers to a blood clot that blocks a vein that drains blood from the liver. This is one of the most common sites for thrombosis in people who have PNH. Thrombosis in the head and abdomen are also common. - Stem cell. A type of cell that can mature into many different types of cells. Blood cells (including red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells) begin as stem cells in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue found inside bones. - Bone marrow failure. Bone marrow failure occurs when the bone marrow is no longer able to produce blood cells. This is another potential complication of PNH. - Aplastic anemia. A type of bone marrow failure. Some cases of PNH evolve from aplastic anemia or as a side effect from treatment for aplastic anemia. - PIGA gene. PNH begins with mutations to this gene, which occurs inside stem cells found in the bone marrow. When this mutation occurs, stem cells produce red blood cells that break apart too easily. This mutation occurs due to a genetic defect, but not all people with this genetic defect will develop PNH. - Monoclonal antibody. These are lab-made proteins that attach to cells in the immune system and help the immune system work. There are many different types, which work in different ways. The medications that are used to treat PNH are monoclonal antibodies that bind to immune cells and prevent the destruction of red blood cells. - Allogenic stem cell transplant. A type of bone marrow transplant that is sometimes used to treat PNH—usually in very severe cases or in cases where a person with PNH does not respond to other treatments. Allogenic refers to stem cells that come from a donor. Remember, PNH is a different experience for everyone. If you have questions about the condition or your diagnosis, your healthcare provider will be your best source of information.
The province of Buriram in Thailand issued a health warning over the specter of anthrax, a extreme bacterial illness, following the identification of three cases in neighbouring Laos. The illness, which may unfold from animals to people, significantly by means of the consumption of uncooked bovine and buffalo meat, prompted heightened surveillance and precautionary measures. Immediately, the provincial livestock workplace, led by veterinarian Apichat Suwanchairob, emphasised the necessity for vigilance towards anthrax, which has not been reported in Thailand for an prolonged interval. The micro organism Bacillus anthracis causes extreme signs in contaminated animals, and farmers are suggested to hunt veterinary help in the event that they discover uncommon lesions or behaviours of their livestock. The illness manifests with a excessive fever in animals and may end up in dying, accompanied by blood discharge from numerous orifices that don't clot. In gentle of this, the authorities have pressured the significance of not slaughtering animals with out skilled supervision, as improper dealing with of contaminated carcasses can result in the unfold of the illness. Furthermore, in response to the cases present in Laos on March 7, the Division of Livestock Improvement has stepped up its border controls to forestall the unlawful import of dwell cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep, in addition to different animal merchandise. Farmers are inspired to manage vaccines to their herds and to inform authorities of any suspected animal deaths, reported KhaoSod. In Buriram, regardless of the absence of current anthrax cases, the custom of consuming uncooked and partially cooked meat dishes like larb stays well-liked. The information of the outbreak has raised issues among the many local people and has led to a extra cautious method to sourcing meat. Residents now want to purchase from licensed butchers to minimise the chance of an infection. In associated information, Kenika Ounjit, a deputy authorities spokesperson, yesterday revealed a public health warning from the Division of Livestock Improvement. The warning urged the general public to chorus from consuming uncooked meat. Northern Thailand NewsThailand Information
What You Should Know About a Name Change After Divorce August 24th, 2022 Getting a divorce means separating your ex-spouse from every part of your life: your home, your finances, and your future. But if you changed your name after the wedding, you could be carrying a part of them with you every time you pull out your ID or put your signature on a document. You don't have to keep your married name after the marriage is over. Here is what you should know about a name change after divorce. Who Can Change Their Name After Divorce In Maryland, any person may change their name after they get married, men and women alike. A woman can take her husband's name, the couple can hyphenate their names, or they can agree on a combined name and both change their names to the new one. The only limitation is that it must be done consistently and not for an illegal or fraudulent purpose. Maryland divorce law allows any name changes done as a result of the marriage to be undone as part of the couple's divorce. The parties can request a name change as part of their initial pleadings. Once the entire divorce process is complete, the Absolute Judgment of Divorce will include an order allowing one or both parties to change their names back to: - A woman's maiden name - Any previously-used last name This can allow parents to take the last names of their children, or even an earlier spouse. However, the request must not be done for illegal or immoral purposes, and cannot be used to evade creditors (more on that later). Reasons to Change Your Name After Divorce (Or Not) There are many reasons why a person may choose to change their name, or not change their name as part of their divorce proceedings. You may want to change your name if: - You are not on good terms with your ex-spouse - You want to restore a family name that is important to you - You have children from a prior relationship with a different last name - Your married name is hard to spell or pronounce On the other hand, you may want to maintain your married name if: - You are on good terms with your ex-spouse - You want to have the same name as your children from the marriage - You don't want to go through the trouble of changing your name after divorce (more on that later) - You have developed a professional reputation under your married name - Your maiden name is hard to spell or pronounce Can You Keep Your Spouse from Changing Their Name After Divorce? Sometimes one party wants to make the decision about a name change for their ex-spouse. They may want to "take back" their name and force a change. In other cases they will want to keep their spouse from changing their name after divorce. Most often this is out of concern that children or teachers will be confused if a parent has a different last name than their children. However, you cannot force another person to change their name. Each person gets to choose whether to restore their former name, or keep their current name after the divorce is complete. Can You Change Your Kids' Names After Divorce? Your children are not parties in your divorce action, so you cannot change their names as part of the divorce proceedings. In addition, a legal name change does not affect a parent's legal rights or obligations to the child. However, your divorce attorney can help you negotiate a child's name change while the divorce is pending, and schedule any hearings to coincide with a hearing in your divorce case. For children under 12 months old, if both parents agree, you can make a name change simply by sending a request to the Department of Health. For older children, you will need to go through the formal name change process using the Petition for Change of Name (Minor) (CC-DR-062) (discussed below). Both parents will also need to sign a Consent to Change of Name form (CC-DR-063). If you can't agree, the child's other parent must be served with a summons and given an opportunity to object to the name change. Then it will be up to the judge to determine whether or not the child's name change should be granted. Changing Your Name Without a Divorce A broken down marriage isn't the only reason why someone might want to change their legal name. Immigrants, transgender individuals, adult children of abusive parents, and many others may want to choose a new name that represents who they are in a new phase of their lives. To change your name without a divorce, you will need to file a Petition for Change of Name (Adult) (CC-DR-60) with the family court and submit a form including: - Your current name - Your current address - Any past names or aliases - Your desired new name - The reason for the name change - Certification that the request is not being made for a fraudulent or illegal purpose - A copy of your birth certificate Once your petition is filed and the filing fee paid, you will receive a notice from the court clerk. This notice will set the deadline for anyone to object to the name change, and set a date for a hearing if required in your case. You will then have to publish that notice in a local newspaper, giving creditors and others a chance to object to any fraudulent name change attempts. If there are no objections filed by the deadline, the Court will rule on the petition and issue a name change order. How Long After Divorce Can You Change Your Name As mentioned above, you can include your request for a name change right in your initial divorce paperwork. However, if you decide to change your name in the divorce process, you can file a motion to amend your Judgment of Absolute Divorce within 30 days prior to the entry of the order. Even if you miss that opportunity, you can still file a separate petition within 18 months after your Judgment of Absolute Divorce is entered. This will require a new filing fee and a possibly new court hearing, but it does not require the same publication requirements as a name change separate from a divorce action. Divorce Name Change Checklist Once you have an Absolute Judgment of Divorce including name change or a separate order allowing you to change your name, you can start the process of changing your identification. You will need to obtain at least one "certified copy" of the order in question, possibly more if different agencies require it. There is a small cost for each certified copy, so be sure you know how many you need before going to the court clerk. Who to Notify - Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration (MVA): Maryland law requires you to obtain a new driver's license or State ID carrying your new name within 30 days after the order for name change is entered. There is a cost to update your name with the MVA. - Internal revenue Service (IRS) and Maryland Taxing Authority: Your taxes must be filed under your legal name. You should send copies of your name change order to each taxing authority (including city taxes, if any) so that your Social Security Number gets associated with your new name. - Social Security Administration (SSA): You must inform the SSA and obtain a corrected Social Security Card. You will need to provide a certified copy of the order, two other forms of identification, and the correct name change form. You cannot do this online. Instead, you will need to mail your application to your local office or schedule an appointment to attend in person. - Department of Vital Statistics: If you are changing a last name on a birth certificate, are concerned about paternity, or are going through a gender transition, you may need to send a copy of the order to the Department of Vital Statistics. - Department of Social Services: If you receive state aid of any kind, you may need to go to your local DSS office and provide them a copy of your name change order. - Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services: If you are on probation, parole, or on the Maryland sex offender registry, you will need to report your name change to DPSCS and your probation or parole officer. - Registrar of Voters: While you do not need to provide ID when you vote, updating your name with your local voting office can make sure there's no confusion at the polling location. - Creditors and Lenders: Remember that name changes cannot be done to evade creditors. This means you must send a copy of your name change order to each person or company you owe money to. - Banks, Financial Institutions, and Financial Management Companies: Because these companies issue tax documents, they need to receive notice of your legal name change. Be sure to request a new debit card and checks (if you use them) in your new name. - Employers: Your employer will need to issue a new W-4 and other employment documents under your new name. - Schools, Libraries, and Childcare Providers: If you are a parent, you should notify your child's school, library, childcare, and other organizations of your new name. - Doctors, Dentists, Pharmacists, Health Care Providers and Insurers: If a medical provider or your insurance company are still using your old name it may create problems with billing and payment of insurance benefits. Make sure they all have updated records. - U.S. Postal Service (USPS): Don't forget to update your name with the mail service to avoid having mail returned to sender. - Utility Companies: Telephone, gas, electric, and television providers need to be notified of your new name for their records in case there are collections issues in the future. - Family, Friends, and Professional contacts: Remember that name changes must be used consistently. This means you should update your personal contacts as well as formal business entities. - Estate Planning Attorney: You will need to update any existing estate planning documents to use your new name. It is a good idea to review your estate plan after a divorce anyway, so you can use this opportunity to make sure everything is correct now that your spouse has been removed from the estate. Start the Process to Change Your Name If you are ready to start a new chapter under a new name, we are here to help. At the Law Office of Shelly M. Ingram, our divorce attorneys know how to change our clients' names during and after finishing the Maryland divorce process. We'll guide you through who to notify and where to send copies of your order from start to finish, making sure all the right people know your new name going forward. We will help you negotiate to change any children's names, and make sure your name is restored as part of the Absolute Judgment of Divorce, or a separate name change order. Contact us today or call (301) 658-7354 to schedule a consultation with an attorney. Categories: Divorce
Gambling, a world filled with excitement, risk, and the thrill of chance. From the bright lights of bustling casinos to the convenience of online platforms, the realm of gambling offers a diverse array of options for those seeking to test their luck. data macau For some, it is a source of entertainment and relaxation, while for others, it presents a tempting opportunity to win big. However, beneath the allure of potential riches lies a complex landscape of highs and lows, where fortune can swiftly change with the roll of a dice or the turn of a card. In this article, we delve into the captivating world of gambling, exploring the dynamics of chance and the allure of taking risks. Whether you're a casual player or a seasoned gambler, join us on a journey to uncover the diverse facets of this captivating pastime. The Psychology Behind Gambling Gambling can trigger a rush of excitement and anticipation, tapping into the human desire for thrill and risk. The uncertainty of outcomes creates a sense of adventure, fueling the brain with dopamine and adrenaline. Behind the allure of potential winnings lies the psychological concept of intermittent reinforcement. Casinos strategically design games to offer unpredictable rewards, keeping players engaged and hopeful for the next big win. Moreover, individuals may turn to gambling as a way to cope with stress, seeking temporary relief and distraction from life's challenges. The emotional rollercoaster of wins and losses can provide a temporary escape from reality, offering a brief respite from everyday worries. Risks and Rewards In the world of gambling, every wager placed comes with inherent risks and rewards. Whether it's spinning the roulette wheel, betting on sports games, or trying your luck at the slot machines, there's always a level of uncertainty involved. The thrill of potentially winning big can be enticing, but it's crucial to be mindful of the potential consequences that come with gambling. While the allure of quick riches can be appealing, it's essential to recognize the risks associated with gambling. For many, the excitement of placing bets and the adrenaline rush of uncertainty can overshadow the potential downsides. Overspending, addiction, and financial turmoil are all very real possibilities for those who engage in gambling without moderation or self-control. On the flip side, the rewards of gambling can be significant for those who approach it responsibly. Winning a jackpot or even just enjoying a night of entertainment can bring moments of joy and excitement. When done in moderation, with a clear understanding of the risks involved, gambling can offer a form of escapism and enjoyment for many individuals. Impact on Society Gambling has a significant impact on society, affecting individuals, families, and communities. The allure of quick riches can lead to financial strain and addictive behaviors, resulting in detrimental consequences for both the gambler and their loved ones. This can lead to emotional distress, breakdown of relationships, and even financial ruin in extreme cases. Furthermore, the presence of gambling establishments in communities can create social issues such as crime and increased rates of addiction. The easy access to gambling can tempt vulnerable individuals, leading to unhealthy habits and potential legal troubles. Communities may also experience economic disparities as resources are diverted towards gambling activities rather than more sustainable forms of development. Despite these negative aspects, gambling also plays a role in generating revenue for governments through taxation and licensing fees. This revenue can be used to fund public services and infrastructure projects, benefiting society as a whole. However, striking a balance between the economic benefits and social costs of gambling remains a challenge for policymakers and society at large.
Abstract WP12-01 Andrew Mason and Ronald Lee. 2012. Demographic Dividends and Aging in Lower-Income Countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the economic implications of changing demographic conditions in lower-income countries. This is done in a comparative way by contrasting lower-income countries with each other and with upper-middle- and high-income countries. The importance of the demographic dividend varies much more in lower-income countries than in upper-middle or high-income countries because of differences in the speed and timing of fertility decline and because of variation in the economic life cycle. Of particular concern is low labor income of young adults in Africa as compared with their counterparts in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. The quantity-quality tradeoff is important in lower-income countries and will facilitate a second demographic dividend. Human capital spending, however, is not increasing with fertility decline as rapidly as suggested by cross-sectional data. Although aging may appear to be a relatively remote prospect for lower-income countries, all countries need to address the needs of their older populations by developing sustainable public programs that balance the need for development and economic security for the elderly.
Using Computer Vision Solutions to Enhance Archaeological Surveys Archaeological surveys are a vital part of the scientific process of uncovering the secrets of the past. However, these surveys can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. By leveraging the power of computer vision solutions, archaeologists can streamline and enhance their surveys, allowing them to uncover more information faster and more efficiently. What is Computer Vision? Computer vision is the process of using computer algorithms and software to interpret and understand images. This technology is used in a variety of applications, from facial recognition to autonomous vehicles. It is also being used in the field of archaeology to streamline and enhance the survey process. How Can Computer Vision Solutions Enhance Archaeological Surveys? Computer vision solutions can be used to automate many of the tedious tasks associated with archaeological surveys. For example, computer vision algorithms can be used to scan photos and videos for objects of interest, such as artifacts, buildings, or other features. This can save archaeologists time and effort by eliminating the need to manually search through photos and videos for these objects. Computer vision can also be used to create detailed 3D models of archaeological sites. These models can be used to quickly and accurately map out the site, allowing archaeologists to identify areas of interest more quickly and easily. This can save time and money by eliminating the need for costly and time-consuming field surveys. Computer vision can also be used to detect changes in the environment over time. This can be used to identify areas of erosion or other changes in the landscape that may indicate the presence of archaeological artifacts. By monitoring changes in the environment, archaeologists can identify areas of potential interest more quickly and accurately. Computer vision solutions can be used to streamline and enhance archaeological surveys. By automating tedious tasks, creating detailed 3D models, and detecting changes in the environment, archaeologists can uncover more information faster and more efficiently. By leveraging the power of computer vision, archaeologists can uncover the secrets of the past more quickly and easily.
Who likes loud cars? Ontario study suggests they skew young, male and score high on psychopathy and sadism Western University prof says noise pollution from illegal cars needs to be taken seriously There's a clandestine car scene in Canada that most people often don't see, but they can sure hear it — usually at night and often from a bedroom window left open in the summer with the hope of catching a cool overnight breeze. The noise is often hard to place in terms of distance, but definitely distinct: young gearheads who gather at unsanctioned car rallies in empty parking lots, or guerrilla drag races at desolate city intersections. These tricked-out rides — with the gunshot pop of tailpipes, the surly roar of engines and the sound of tires screaming rubber against pavement — pierce the night and sometimes even the restless buzz of the day. They're heard through trees and over rooftops, in some cases, jarring people awake and prompting calls to police. For Julie Aitken Schermer, a professor of psychology and management and organizational studies at Western University in London, Ont., they'd rumble by as she walked her dog just south of the campus. "Every day we come across these loud cars and pickup trucks and motorcycles that are backfiring and I get startled," she said. "My dog was startled. I see the animals run away that are in the trees and squirrels on the ground. "I thought, 'Oh, who really wants to make this kind of noise?' And so a typical academic, I went and did an extensive search and found nothing." Because there were no psychological studies on what kind of person prefers loud cars, Schermer conducted one of her own. The pilot study, titled "A desire for a loud car with a modified muffler is predicted by being a man and higher scores on psychopathy and sadism," was published last year in the international journal Current Issues in Personality Psychology. Schermer also wrote about it in Psychology Today. We found that it was sadism and psychopathy was predicting who wants to modify their mufflers, who feels more connected to their vehicle, and they think loud cars are really cool.- Julie Aitken Schermer, Western University researcher As part of the research, Schermer surveyed 529 undergrad business students — 289 men, 234 women and six who identified as "other." They were asked if they viewed their car as an extension of themselves, how much they thought loud cars were "cool" and if they would make their cars louder with muffler modifications. Schermer also gave them a Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) personality measure — another questionnaire that assesses a cluster of malicious personality traits, including narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism (linked to being cunning and manipulative). When she got the results, she expected to see a strong correlation between someone who prefers a look-at-me exhaust system and narcissism, but that wasn't the case. "We found that it was sadism and psychopathy was predicting who wants to modify their mufflers, who feels more connected to their vehicle, and they think loud cars are really cool. "It seems to be this callous disregard for other people's feelings and their reactions. That's the psychopathy coming out and it's also they probably get a kick out of enjoying watching people get startled." 'This is a stereotype,' car enthusiast says As you can imagine, some car enthusiasts don't react well to this study. Bailey Trap, for instance, grew up in a family that loves big, loud cars so much that they started a business. Performance Unlimited is a London custom car shop that specializes in loud vehicles, such as muscle cars, hot rods, tricked-out pickup trucks and specialty custom vehicles. "Dad has a '66 Chevelle that he's had since I was a little kid and it is a large motor and it is loud, and I absolutely love it. I actually have it tattooed on my arm, that's how much I love it," said Trap, 38. CBC News gave Trap a copy of Schermer's study to review. She doesn't think it's an accurate reflection of the car enthusiast community. It's a way for somebody to stand out in a society that wants you to conform.- Bailey Trap, Performance Unlimited custom car shop "This is a stereotype," she said. "Obviously you're going to have more men liking vehicles and using that as a way to express themselves. "A lot of the guys I see with loud cars are older gentlemen," she said, noting the car community regularly holds events like cruise nights that raise money for charity. To her, the surly rumble of a gas-guzzling engine or the shotgun-like pop of a tailpipe is a means of expression, like a pair of ripped jeans or a bright sparkly dress. "It's a creative form. It's a way for somebody to stand out in a society that wants you to conform," she said. "It may not be your taste, but it is something that says something about them." When put to Schermer, the psychology professor said "that's a different demographic and characteristic from what I studied." Quiet car bylaws aim to curb noise Schermer said that, unlike guerrilla car enthusiasts who drag race at red lights or meet in a deserted parking lot of a big-box store, people who go to scheduled, sanctioned events that raise money for charity are more likely to modify their cars in a legal and safe way and, if you asked them politely, they would probably keep it down. "The personality profile I found with our loud mufflers are also the same personality profiles of people who illegally commit arson," she said. "I'm sure the older, retired gentlemen who are making their classic cars louder and more noticeable are also not going out and setting fires illegally." Schermer said the issue of noise pollution from illegal car meets needs to be taken more seriously. It's why she plans to expand on the study. In response to the rising number of illegal car meets, drag races and excessive noise, many Canadian cities have created quiet car bylaws to crack down on the clandestine activity. In London in particular, city police have been doing regular enforcement blitzes since 2020, laying hundreds of charges each year. In 2020 alone, the city's police laid 110 charges for improper mufflers, 38 charges for "causing noise likely to disturb" and four charges for making illegal modifications to vehicles, including removing emissions controls.
Provide a range of copper and steel nozzles for standard burner systems. We offer a series of dedicated nozzles adapted to work area, media, and emission requirements to meet the needs of different markets. The OD series nozzles are designed for civil and commercial high-pressure fuel burner systems and can use light oil and heavy oil (both of which belong to diesel). There are four different injection angles and three different injection patterns. The flow rate of the standard series nozzles ranges from 0.30 to 35 US gallons/hour (the flow rate is under the standard pressure of 100 psi, and the flow rate will change as the pressure changes). Light oil or heavy oil can be used, and they are 100% factory tested. basic functions: The basic function of a nozzle is to atomize fuel into small droplets and distribute them in a certain spray angle on the cross-section. Atomizing fuel requires energy, which is typically provided by a gear pump driven by a motor in the combustor. The pressure energy cannot directly break up the fuel, but must be converted into kinetic energy through tangential slots in the nozzle, and the fuel is ejected from the nozzle at high speed, rushing into a swirl chamber to form a rotating flow. An outlet hole is located at the center of the swirl chamber, which obtains a certain rotational speed. If the rotational speed is high, a cavity will form at the center of the swirl chamber. Another function of the nozzle is to meter the fuel. By maintaining a fixed pressure in front of the nozzle, a fixed amount of fuel will be injected. Therefore, to meet the heating needs of different loads, nozzles are designed and calibrated according to different flow rates and spray angles, so that each nozzle of a specific specification can provide a certain amount of fuel within a certain pressure range. Obviously, the flow rate of the nozzle is determined by the geometric shape of the tangential slots and holes. At the same time, the size of the nozzle also determines the quality of atomization, with smaller sizes resulting in thinner oil films and better atomization effects. main factors that affect nozzle working conditions: Pressure: The higher the pressure, the smaller the droplet size in the atomizer. Relative density: Also known as specific gravity, it is the ratio of the density of a sample of oil to the density of water at the same temperature. Fuels with higher relative densities have a smaller flow rate than those with lower relative densities, but they have a higher energy density, which results in greater power output from the burner. Viscosity: Within a certain range of viscosity, the flow coefficient of small high-pressure atomizers increases with increasing viscosity. The effect of viscosity on nozzle flow rate also varies depending on the type of nozzle and the pressure. For the same model of nozzle, the effect of viscosity is less pronounced for larger-diameter nozzles than for smaller-diameter ones. The higher the pressure, the less effect viscosity has on the nozzle. Temperature: The rate of formation of gels and precipitates generated by fuel increases with temperature. When the fuel is at rest, the nozzle temperature is highest, which further promotes the formation of gels and precipitates. After several openings and closings of the burner, the colloids accumulate in the nozzle, affecting the flow rate and atomization shape of the nozzle. Additionally, deposits in the nozzle slot may cause blockage, especially in small nozzles. Surface tension: Surface tension is the tendency of a liquid surface to minimize its surface area. Surface tension resists any external forces that tend to separate or change the shape of the liquid. When the liquid diffuses and forms an atomized body, surface tension plays a role in restoring the leading edge droplets of the liquid film. Boiling point: Fuels with higher boiling points produce flames that last longer when burned. If the boiling point of the fuel is very high, the carbon particles in the flame will pass through the combustion zone without fusing with the flame. In this case, it is difficult to remove the flame without a large excess of air. factors affecting nozzle atomization quality The nozzle is one of the key equipment that affects the combustion performance of the oil burner. The quality of nozzle design and manufacture will directly determine whether the ideal atomization quality can be obtained, and reasonable use can ensure high-efficiency and low-noise combustion. The main indicator that affects the atomization quality of the nozzle is the droplet size. The smaller the droplet size, the easier it is to achieve efficient and complete combustion. For nozzles, under the same pressure, the smaller the nozzle flow rate, the smaller the droplet size; the lower the viscosity of the fuel, the smaller the droplet size; the larger the atomization angle, the smaller the droplet size. Nozzles with a finely machined outlet orifice produce smaller droplet sizes than nozzles with a rougher finish, and increasing fuel pressure before the nozzle reduces droplet size.
In the scorching heat of Texas, maintaining your RV's air conditioning system is paramount for comfort, safety, and overall enjoyment of your travels. With temperatures often soaring well above 90 degrees Fahrenheit, a properly functioning AC unit can provide a much-needed respite from the relentless heat, allowing you to relax and recharge after a day of adventure. Moreover, in extreme heat conditions, prolonged exposure can lead to heat-related illnesses, making a functioning AC system not just a luxury but a necessity for your well-being. Regular maintenance ensures that your RV's AC operates efficiently, preventing breakdowns during crucial moments of your journey and potentially costly repairs. By keeping your AC in top condition, you not only enhance your travel experience but also ensure a comfortable and safe environment for you and your fellow travelers, even amidst the sweltering Texas heat. Maintaining both the 120V and 12V electrical systems in an RV is paramount for ensuring a safe and comfortable journey. The 120V system powers appliances like air conditioners, microwaves, and TVs, providing essential comforts of home while on the road. Regular inspections and upkeep of this system prevent potential hazards such as electrical fires or short circuits. Similarly, the 12V system, powered by batteries, operates crucial components such as lights, water pumps, and refrigerators. Maintaining this system guarantees uninterrupted functionality, especially during off-grid adventures. Neglecting either system can lead to inconvenient breakdowns or, worse, safety hazards in remote locations. Thus, prioritizing the maintenance of both electrical systems is fundamental for a smooth and secure RV experience. Repairing or replacing the roof of an RV is a crucial aspect of maintenance for any avid traveler or weekend adventurer. Over time, exposure to harsh weather conditions, UV rays, and general wear and tear can lead to leaks, cracks, or deterioration in the roof's integrity. When it comes to repair, identifying and sealing leaks promptly is essential to prevent further damage to the interior. Common repair techniques include patching holes, resealing seams, and addressing any water damage. However, in cases where the damage is extensive or the roof material has reached the end of its lifespan, a full replacement might be necessary. Replacing the RV roof involves stripping off the old material, inspecting the underlying structure for any damage, and then installing a new roof membrane or material, ensuring a watertight seal and durability for future adventures. Whether it's a minor repair or a complete replacement, maintaining the integrity of the RV roof ensures continued comfort and safety on the road. Maintaining your water heater is of paramount importance for several reasons. Firstly, regular maintenance ensures the efficient operation of the water heater, which directly impacts energy consumption and utility bills. A well-maintained water heater is less likely to develop issues such as leaks or corrosion, thus extending its lifespan and reducing the need for costly repairs or replacements. Additionally, proper maintenance helps maintain water quality by preventing the buildup of sediment and mineral deposits, which can affect the taste and quality of water. Moreover, neglecting water heater maintenance can pose safety risks, including the potential for explosions or gas leaks in the case of gas-powered heaters. Therefore, by scheduling routine inspections, flushing the tank periodically, and addressing any issues promptly, homeowners can ensure the reliability, safety, and efficiency of their water heating systems. Maintaining your RV leveling systems and slideouts is paramount for ensuring a safe and enjoyable journey on the road. Properly leveled RVs provide stability, preventing issues like swaying or tipping, which can lead to accidents. Additionally, maintaining slideouts ensures that they operate smoothly, preventing jams or malfunctions that could cause inconvenience or even damage to the RV. Regular inspections and maintenance of leveling systems and slideouts help detect any issues early on, allowing for timely repairs and preventing costly breakdowns during travel. By prioritizing maintenance, RV owners can enhance the longevity and reliability of their vehicles, ensuring each trip is as comfortable and worry-free as possible. Maintaining your RV furnace is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient operation, especially during colder seasons when it's relied upon for heating. Regular maintenance begins with inspecting the furnace's exterior and interior components for any signs of damage or debris accumulation. Cleaning or replacing the air filter is essential to maintain proper airflow and prevent dust buildup, which can hinder performance. Additionally, inspecting the burner assembly, blower motor, and ductwork for any obstructions or wear is vital. Lubricating moving parts and tightening electrical connections can help prevent malfunctions and extend the furnace's lifespan. It's also important to check the exhaust vent for blockages and ensure carbon monoxide detectors are functioning correctly for safety. Regular professional inspections and servicing are recommended to address any potential issues before they escalate, ensuring your RV furnace operates reliably when needed. RV plumbing repair and maintenance are essential tasks to ensure smooth operations and prevent potential water damage while on the road. Regularly inspecting and maintaining the plumbing system can help identify leaks, clogs, or other issues early on. Start by checking all connections for tightness and signs of corrosion. Replace worn-out seals and fittings as needed to prevent leaks. Clean out debris from drains and pipes to prevent clogs, and use RV-safe plumbing products to avoid damage to the system. Additionally, it's crucial to winterize the plumbing system before cold weather sets in to prevent freezing and bursting pipes. Performing these routine checks and maintenance tasks can help keep the RV's plumbing system in optimal condition, ensuring a hassle-free journey. We service Round Rock,TX Georgetown,TX Granger,TX Taylor,TX Pflugerville, TX, Florence, TX, Austin TX, Liberty Hill, TX, Thorndale, TX Leander, TX Cedar Park, TX Jarrell, TX Manor, TX Elgin, TX Del Valle, TX Lago Vista, TX Thrall, TX Jonestown, TX We are open Monday - Friday 8AM CST to 5PM CST. We do offer emergency weekend and Holiday callouts on a case by case basis. The cost for emergency weekend or Holiday service is $175 trip charge with $200 per hour in labor from the time our technician arrives at your location. This is for a minimum of 1 hour. Our RV Parts At Boss Bull Mobile RV Services we do our best to stock common items for RV repairs. However, with hundreds of RV manufacturers, sometimes the only way to get the right part is to order it specially. Most of the time, manufacturers can provide these parts promptly. Because we stand behind our work, we only work with parts from authorized manufacturers. We do not install parts supplied by customers.Our ability to supply parts quickly may be limited by any supply chain issues or shortages. We will let you know if we are experiencing such delays. What is your labor warranty? For your peace of mind, every service comes with a 30-day no-fuss labor warranty. If something is wrong with the job, we'll make it right at no additional cost to you. The only exception is for parts that would have been incurred in the normal course of the repair. How do you document the needed repairs? To facilitate internal and external communication, our technicians use an app on their cell phones and tablets. This allows us to address service needs and document work performed more efficiently. We use the app to take and upload photos as necessary. You will be asked to provide a pre-work signature as well as a post-work signature in this app when you work with the team at Boss Bull Mobile RV Services. We also offer warranty work through extended warranty companies and parts manufacturers. Due to the Texas franchise law, we can't have financial transactions with companies that make RVs. Please remember that your warranty may not cover the entire repair. Therefore, you will be responsible for the uncovered portion. This basically means that if you are under your first-year manufacturer warranty, we can assist you with those items, but payment would come from you and you could then seek reimbursement from the manufacturer. We are happy to work with your insurance company. This requires an estimate from us. Our customer will cover the cost, and that cost is applied to your deductible.
Multiple lines of evidence for the origin of domesticated chili pepper, Capsicum annuum, in Mexico Edited by Dolores R. Piperno, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Fairfax, Washington, DC, and approved December 4, 2013 (received for review September 6, 2013) The novelty of the information of this manuscript resides in the addition of species distribution modeling and paleobiolinguistics data, combined with genetic and existing archaeobotanical data, to trace back the geographic origin of a crop, namely domesticated pepper, Capsicum annuum. Furthermore, the utilization of a geographic framework of reference for the four types of data has allowed us to combine these independent data types into a single hypothesis about the origin of this crop. Our results suggest that food crops in Mexico had a multiregional origin with chili pepper originating in central-east Mexico, maize in the Balsas River Basin and common bean in the Lerma–Santiago River Basin, resembling similar finds for the Fertile Crescent and China. The study of crop origins has traditionally involved identifying geographic areas of high morphological diversity, sampling populations of wild progenitor species, and the archaeological retrieval of macroremains. Recent investigations have added identification of plant microremains (phytoliths, pollen, and starch grains), biochemical and molecular genetic approaches, and dating through 14C accelerator mass spectrometry. We investigate the origin of domesticated chili pepper, Capsicum annuum, by combining two approaches, species distribution modeling and paleobiolinguistics, with microsatellite genetic data and archaeobotanical data. The combination of these four lines of evidence yields consensus models indicating that domestication of C. annuum could have occurred in one or both of two areas of Mexico: northeastern Mexico and central-east Mexico. Genetic evidence shows more support for the more northern location, but jointly all four lines of evidence support central-east Mexico, where preceramic macroremains of chili pepper have been recovered in the Valley of Tehuacán. Located just to the east of this valley is the center of phylogenetic diversity of Proto-Otomanguean, a language spoken in mid-Holocene times and the oldest protolanguage for which a word for chili pepper reconstructs based on historical linguistics. For many crops, especially those that do not have a strong archaeobotanical record or phylogeographic pattern, it is difficult to precisely identify the time and place of their origin. Our results for chili pepper show that expressing all data in similar distance terms allows for combining contrasting lines of evidence and locating the region(s) where cultivation and domestication of a crop began. Sign up for PNAS alerts. Get alerts for new articles, or get an alert when an article is cited. The analysis of plant macroremains, morphological variation in crop varieties, and identification of wild progenitor species (as determined through their ability to hybridize with the crop) constitute traditional methods for studying crop origins (1, 2). Currently, analysis of microremains such as starch grains, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C radiocarbon dating, along with biochemical and molecular genetic analyses of wild and domesticated populations are also used to date and locate geographic areas of domestication (3, 4). This set of approaches is extended here with two additional methods, species distribution modeling and paleobiolinguistics, integrating these in a comprehensive study of the origin of domesticated chili pepper, Capsicum annuum L., the world's most widely grown spice. C. annuum is one of five domesticated pepper species, which also include Capsicum baccatum L., Capsicum chinense Jacq., Capsicum frutescens L., and Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav. The ∼30 species of Capsicum are all native to the Americas (5). Comparing karyotypes of wild and domesticated C. annuum (var. glabriusculum and var. annuum, respectively), Pickersgill (6) identified Mexico as the general region of domestication of this pepper. Loaiza-Figueroa et al. (7) used allozyme similarity to identify putative wild ancestral populations for chili pepper in a larger collection of wild and domesticated populations. They narrowed the likely domestication area to the eastern Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, San Luís Potosí, Veracruz, and Hidalgo. Since these investigations, others have sought to determine genetic relationships among wild and domesticated populations of chili pepper (8, 9). The oldest macroremains unambiguously identified as Capsicum pepper were retrieved from preceramic strata of dry caves in two states of Mexico: Puebla (Tehuacán Valley; refs. 10, 11) and Tamaulipas (Ocampo caves; ref. 12) (Fig. 1A). These were found with macroremains of maize (Zea mays), squash (Cucurbita spp.), and other species used by humans, all of which, at both sites, were indirectly dated through associations in archaeological strata, suggesting a rough date for the chili pepper macroremains of around 9000–7000 B.P. (13). Subsequently, remains of maize from Tehuacán were dated directly by AMS and found to be more recent, 5600 y calibrated B.P. (14). AMS dating applied to bottle gourd and squash from Ocampo also yielded more recent ages, 6400–6000 y calibrated B.P. (15). Whereas no AMS dates have been recorded for the Tehuacán and Ocampo remains of chili pepper, remains from Guilá Naquitz and Silvia's Caves in the arid eastern valley of Oaxaca state were dated indirectly by AMS to 1400–500 B.P. (16). Rock shelters in the seasonally dry tropical forest of the Central Balsas watershed (state of Guerrero) have produced phytoliths and starch grain residue for domesticated maize and squash (Cucurbita sp.) dated by association to around 9000 B.P. (17). However, no remains of Capsicum pepper have been found at that site. Fig. 1. Species distribution modeling (SDM) can be used to predict areas that are environmentally suitable for a species from the sites where it is known to occur (18). In SDM, locations of the known current distribution of a species are compiled; values for climatic predictor variables at these locations and a large set of random (background) locations are extracted from spatial databases; and the climatic values are used to fit a model that estimates the similarity of the climate in any location to climatic conditions at known occurrence locations, using a machine-learning algorithm such as MaxEnt (19). The model is then used to predict the climatic suitability for a species across an area of interest. This prediction can be made using current climate data, but the model can also be "transferred" in time, by using past or future climate data simulated by global climate models (GCMs). This approach has been used for many purposes, including to predict the effect of climate change on the geographic distribution of crop wild relatives (20) and to successfully locate unknown Capsicum populations (21). Crop origins can also be studied using paleobiolinguistics (PBL), which employs the comparative method of historical linguistics to reconstruct the biodiversity known to human groups of the remote, unrecorded past (22–24). By comparing words for a species in modern languages, terms for plants and animals in ancestral languages can be retrieved. The presence of words for a species in an ancestral language is an indication of the species' significance to speakers of that language (25, 26), if not their status as domesticated plants. PBL uses Automated Similarity Judgment Program (ASJP) chronology for estimating the latest date at which a protolanguage was spoken based on lexical similarity (27). Lexical similarity found among related languages is calibrated with historical, epigraphic, and archaeological divergence dates for 52 language groups. In addition, the general area in which an ancestral language was spoken, i.e., the protolanguage homeland, can be approximately determined by locating the area where its modern descendant languages are found to be most diverse (28). In this paper, we complement existing archaeobotanical data with ecological, paleobiolinguistic, and molecular diversity data to identify the region of initial intensification of human interest in chili pepper that led to crop domestication. The novelty of our approach resides in the addition of SDM and PBL to this type of analysis and the expression of all lines of evidence in comparable spatially explicit units (distance to the area of origin) that allows for their integration into a single prediction. Archaeological Evidence. The remains from Tehuacán and Ocampo constitute at present the oldest macrobotanical evidence for preceramic chili pepper in the New World. Although these chili specimens cannot be identified as cultivated or domesticated, their archaeological association with domesticated remains of important crops, such as maize and squash, is strongly suggestive of ancient intensive human interaction with chili in these areas. Based on this evidence, we assumed that the nearer a place may be to either of these sites, the more likely the location was part of the region where the crop was first grown and domesticated (Fig. 1A). Ecological Evidence. Wild chili pepper (C. annuum var. glabriusculum), the ancestor of domesticated C. annuum (6), is a perennial shrub that produces dozens of erect, globular, pea-sized fruits. The fruits are consumed and dispersed by frugivorous birds, which pass the seed through their digestive system. Generally found in the northern half of Mexico, the wild chili pepper is associated with a nurse plant—often a hackberry (Celtis pallida Torey), a mesquite (Prosopis sp.), or columnar cacti. As one moves further southwards, wild chili pepper is found more frequently in human-disturbed landscapes—fence rows, home gardens, and roadsides (29). Based on our own collecting localities and those of herbarium specimens and gene bank accessions (29), we estimate that wild chili peppers grow currently in environments with a median annual average temperature of 24 °C and between 20 °C and 26 °C for 90% of the locations. The coldest locations with known wild pepper populations are mostly in the central Mexican highlands, the warmest locations in the southern coastal regions of Mexico and Guatemala. The median annual rainfall of these locations is 907 mm, and between 495 and 2,253 mm for 90% of the locations, with the driest locations in the northwestern part of the distribution (e.g., Baja California and the Sonoran Desert) and the wettest locations in southeastern Mexico. The MaxEnt species distribution model had an internal (training) fit area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.89. The average cAUC (bias corrected) obtained with fivefold cross-validation was 0.80, which suggests that the model has very good predictive power (30). The two most important predictor variables (based on permutation importance) were mean temperature of the coldest quarter (53%), followed by annual precipitation (14%). Under the climate conditions of the mid-Holocene (about 6000 B.P.), the regions predicted to be most suitable for wild chili pepper include areas along the western and eastern coasts of Mexico, southeast Mexico and northern Guatemala (Fig. 1B). The central highlands were clearly unsuitable for this species during this period. The correlation coefficient between the predicted suitability for the current climate (Fig. S1) and the mid-Holocene climate was 0.92. Despite this overall similarity, there were important differences between these predictions, with areas in the southeast of Mexico more suitable and areas in the northeast less suitable during the mid-Holocene (Fig. S2). Paleobiolinguistic Evidence. Brown (22) surveyed the reconstructed vocabularies of 30 protolanguages of Mesoamerica (southern half of Mexico and northern Central America) and abutting areas for terms for 41 different crops, including chili pepper. His survey presented for each protolanguage the estimated date it was spoken at the latest, making it possible to stratify reconstructed words for crops chronologically (Table 1) (27, 28). Table 1. Years before present \| Protolanguage† \| Reconstructed word for chili‡ \| Location of modern descendant languages \| Genetic affiliation \| 6591 \| Otomanguean \| ʔki3 \| Mexico \| Otomanguean \| 5976 \| Eastern Otomanguean \| (h)saH3, ki \| Mexico \| Otomanguean \| 5498 \| Popolocan-Zapotecan \| ki \| Mexico \| Otomanguean \| 5357 \| Amuzgo-Mixtecan \| nʔsah3 \| Mexico \| Otomanguean \| 4542 \| Mixtecan \| (H)yaʔ, Hyah, Hθaʔ2 \| Mexico \| Otomanguean \| 4274 \| Totozoquean \| NR \| Mexico \| Totozoquean \| 4018 \| Uto-Aztecan \| NR \| US Southwest, Mexico, Central America \| Uto-Aztecan \| 3654 \| Otopamean \| (m)ʔi \| Mexico \| Otomanguean \| 3472 \| Southern Uto-Aztecan \| NR \| Mexico, Central America \| Uto-Aztecan \| 3434 \| Kiowa-Tanoan \| NR \| US Southwest \| Kiowa-Tanoan \| 3149 \| Zapotecan \| ki:ʔnaʔ \| Mexico \| Otomanguean \| 3036 \| Popolocan \| hña \| Mexico \| Otomanguean \| 3000 \| Lencan \| NR \| Central America \| Lencan \| 2774 \| Misumalpan \| kuma \| Central America \| Misumalpan \| 2576 \| Northern Uto-Aztecan \| NR \| US Southwest \| Uto-Aztecan \| 2445 \| Chiapanec-Mangue \| ni:-ngiʔ \| Mexico \| Otomanguean \| 2400 \| Sonoran \| koʔokoLi \| Mexico \| Uto-Aztecan \| 2220 \| Mayan \| i:hk \| Mexico, Central America \| Mayan \| 1935 \| Chinantecan \| ʔuHL \| Mexico \| Otomanguean \| 1865 \| Yuman \| NR \| US Southwest \| Yuman \| 1737 \| Numic \| NR \| US Southwest \| Uto-Aztecan \| 1587 \| Takic \| NR \| US Southwest \| Uto-Aztecan \| 1509 \| General Aztec \| či:l \| Mexico \| Uto-Aztecan \| 1435 \| Totonacan \| pi'n \| Mexico \| Totozoquean \| 1407 \| Mixe-Zoquean \| ni:wi \| Mexico \| Totozoquean \| NR, not reconstructable. Sources for each language are listed in SI Materials and Methods under Paleobiolinguistics. Explanations for phonetic representation of pepper words are listed in SI Materials and Methods under Paleobiolinguistics. Proto-Otomanguean is the oldest (∼6500 B.P.) protolanguage of the New World for which a word for chili pepper reconstructs (31). All daughter languages of Proto-Otomanguean, as defined by Kaufman (32), show reconstructed terms for chili pepper (Table 1). Given that estimated dates are to be understood as the latest dates at which ancestral languages were spoken, it is plausible that speakers of Proto-Otomanguean actually had a word for chili pepper hundreds, if not thousands, of years before ∼6500 B.P. The oldest protolanguage of Table 1 not belonging to the Otomanguean family is Proto-Totozoquean (∼4300 B.P.), for which a term for chili pepper does not reconstruct. Non-Otomanguean languages for which a term for chili pepper reconstructs are Proto-Misumalpan (∼2800 B.P.), Proto-Sonoran (∼2400 B.P.), and Proto-Mayan (∼2200 B.P.). Thus, the earliest non-Otomanguean dates for Capsicum in Mesoamerica and abutting regions are over 3,700 y more recent than the oldest date, suggesting that speakers of a prehistoric Otomanguean language or languages may have been among the first cultivators or domesticators of chili pepper. Note that the current word—chili—is derived from the General Aztec language, Nahuatl, which reconstructs to a much more recent date (∼1500 B.P.; Table 1). The area of maximum diversity of a language family has been viewed traditionally by linguists as suggestive of the location of a family's ancestral language (e.g., ref. 28).We use this phylogenetic diversity information in locating the Otomanguean homeland by identifying where languages of the four subgroups of the family—Mazatecan-Zapotecan, Amuzgo-Mixtecan, Tlapanecan-Chorotegan, and Otopamean-Chinantecan (32)—are currently spoken in closest proximity (Fig. 1C). Genetic Evidence. During the fall of 2006 and 2007, expeditions were conducted in the southern United States and throughout Mexico to sample populations of wild C. annuum (29). This provided the most complete set of wild C. annuum from Mexico available to date. Based largely on this set, 139 wild types distributed over the entire exploration area were chosen as were 49 domesticated types that are endemic landraces (ancho, puya, and guajillo) (33). This collection was screened with 17 simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers (34, 35). These markers were chosen for this study because of their consistency of amplification and polymorphism within our sample. For each wild plant, a distance was calculated to the domesticated group based on the average proportion of shared SSR alleles. These distances were then spatially interpolated to produce in each grid cell an estimated genetic similarity between wild pepper populations (if any occurred in the cell) and the group of domesticated chili peppers (regardless of where they occurred). This molecular-marker–based analysis of genetic similarity between wild and domesticated types revealed a broad area of high similarity in the northeastern quadrant of Mexico (Fig. 1D), including the states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, San Luís Potosí, and Veracruz. In contrast, genetic similarity between wild and cultivated types was generally low in southern and northwest Mexico, confirming earlier results (7). Consensus Model. The four lines of evidence—archaeological, ecological, paleobiolinguistic, and genetic—were all expressed as a spatial model and they can therefore be combined into a single consensus model represented geographically through mapping. Each type of evidence has its particular strengths and weaknesses, discussed below, which need to be taken into consideration when producing a consensus model. Because these merits and demerits are difficult to quantify (some are simply unknown), assigning differential weights to each line of evidence is problematic. Our solution is to present a number of different consensus maps based on several different weighting combinations (Fig. 2 and Fig. S3). Fig. 2. The first map, Fig. 2A, was established using equal weighting for each type of evidence (each weighted as making a 1/4 contribution). According to this model, areas in central-east Mexico and northeastern Mexico are the most likely area of origin of chili pepper. The second model assigned a high weight to genetic evidence (weighted 1/2) and equal but lower weights to the other three lines of evidence (each weighted 1/6). This assumes that genetic data might be superior to one or more of the other lines of evidence used because, for example, it might suffer less from sampling bias. This results in primary support for northeastern Mexico and only secondary support for central-east Mexico (Fig. 2B). The third approach assigned a low weight to archaeology (1/10) and equal higher weights to the other three lines of evidence (each weighted 1/3). This weighting was motivated by the observation that the current archaeological data are assembled from macroremains of only two sites in Mexico. This weighting produces a consensus model resembling the equal weighting of Fig. 2A because both central-east Mexico and northeastern Mexico result as equally plausible geographic candidates for chili pepper domestication (Fig. 2C). Additional information, from other sites and microremains, yet to be discovered, would justify a stronger weighting for archaeobotanical data. Another weighting strategy produces different models based on randomly assigning combinations of weights for the four types of evidence. This approach allows us to explore the universe of possible weight combinations given different interpretations of the individual lines of evidence. Fig. S3 shows the percentile distribution obtained for this approach. The resulting maps suggest again that either central-east Mexico or northeastern Mexico or, conceivably, both areas were locations of the domestication of C. annuum. We have embraced the template of multidisciplinary approaches to study crop origins proposed first by de Candolle (36) and later by Harlan and de Wet (37). Confidence in a crop-origin hypothesis is increased when supported by multiple, independent lines of evidence, and improved understanding comes from new evidence in each field and concomitant predictions in other fields (38). Our multidisciplinary approach depends on the independence and strength of evidence from the different fields, each of which has its strengths and weaknesses. Current archaeobotanical data for chili pepper is mainly based on macroremains from only two sites. In addition to the identification of ancient chili remains at additional sites, our understanding could benefit from the investigation of microfossil data such as starch grains (39) in Mesoamerican sites. Availability of microfossils may provide information on the more ancient distribution and importance of chili peppers and potentially also help distinguish domesticated from nondomesticated remains (as in the case of maize) (40). The quality of species distribution models depends on having a representative sample of the current distribution of the wild species, the quality of climate data, particularly the modeled past climate data, and the algorithm used. Our sample size was large and the species is widespread, suggesting that the SDM approach should work well (41), as confirmed by a high cAUC score (30). Backcasted climate data for the mid-Holocene is, of course, uncertain; furthermore, we did not consider climate variation during that period. Nevertheless, because we use an ensemble of climate models (Fig. S4), our predictions should be relatively robust (42). Utilization of linguistic data assumes an understanding of language development, including information relating to language origin, dispersal, and diffusion of traits across languages that is still emerging as new computer approaches are increasingly applied in linguistic analysis (43, 44). PBL provides an assessment of when species acquired substantial salience for prehistoric groups, whether they were merely harvested, cultivated, or eventually domesticated. If a word for a biological species reconstructs for a protolanguage, this is evidence that the species was known to and probably of considerable importance to speakers of the language as shown by Berlin et al. (25) for two closely related Mayan languages, Tzeltal and Tzotzil (Tzeltalan) and by Balée and Moore (26) in a study of plant names in five Eastern Amazonian Tupi-Guaraní languages. Genetic data are generally based on the analysis of contemporary populations of the wild ancestor of the crop. The wild populations included in this study constitute the largest and most widespread sample used in genetic analyses for this species (29). However, we do not know to what extent the distribution and genetic structure of these populations have changed over the past 6,000 y. Hence, we modeled the past distribution of wild chili peppers based on the assumption that their climatic requirements are the same as today's wild chili pepper population. Correlation between the suitability scores for ancient and current distributions is high (0.92), suggesting that, whereas climate change over the past 6,000 y has likely shifted the species distribution, for the most part, the historical and current ranges of this species overlap. Another potentially confounding factor is gene flow between domesticated and wild chili peppers, which may cause similarities that are not due to ancestor–descendant relationships (45). However, this would not seem very important for chili peppers because they are mostly a self-fertilizing species with minimal outcrossing, which is confirmed by the high levels of homozygosity observed for wild chili pepper populations analyzed here Dataset S1, Microsat info). The concept of origin of C. annuum used in this study encompasses wild plant protection, management, cultivation, and domestication. Within this continuum of increasingly close interaction between humans and plants, distinguishing among these four stages for most crops is difficult. However, with respect to chili pepper, the fact that a Proto-Otomanguean word for the crop was retained in daughter languages attests to its high salience for speakers of the protolanguage. Furthermore, Proto-Otomanguean speakers may have been actively engaged in cultivation, as suggested by the reconstruction of words for a range of plants, including staple crops such as maize and squash, but also other crops such as avocado and nopal (22). Plausibly, then, the saliency of chili pepper among Proto-Otomanguean speakers reflects cultivation and perhaps incipient domestication and not merely use of a wild plant species. When analyzed separately, our four lines of evidence do not all suggest the same geographic area as being the most likely place of chili pepper origin. Nevertheless, we identify central-east Mexico as a likely region of initial cultivation or incipient domestication because that interpretation most parsimoniously reconciles all evidence (Fig. 2A). This area extends from southern Puebla and northern Oaxaca to southern Veracruz and encompasses the valley of Tehuacán (Fig. 2A). The Coxcatlán Cave from which preceramic macroremains of chili pepper have been recovered (13) is situated in this valley. Species distribution modeling shows that many parts of the identified area were suited for the wild progenitor of C. annuum around the time of first cultivation or domestication in the mid-Holocene and there are currently populations of wild chili pepper that are genetically similar to the domesticated species (Fig. 1D). Near to the valley is the likely center of the Otomanguean homeland. Proto-Otomanguean, spoken in mid-Holocene times some 6,500 y ago, is the oldest ancestral language of the New World for which a term for chili pepper reconstructs. Speakers of contemporary Otomanguean languages live in or close to the region. Otomanguean people, then, may have been the first in the New World to transform wild chilies into the domesticated spice and condiment so widely enjoyed today. By expressing all data as a distance, whether geographical (archaeological and linguistic data), climatic, or genetic, we have developed a method to bring together different lines of evidence about crop origins into a single framework of analysis. This approach has led to the discovery that the origin of domesticated chili peppers may have been located further south than previously thought (7) and in different regions of Mexico than proposed for common bean (46) or maize (47). Thus, our data do not suggest a single, nuclear area for crop domestication in Mesoamerica, but rather a multiregional model as suggested also for the Southwest Asian (48) and Chinese (49) centers of agricultural origins. Materials and Methods We used two locations for which there is evidence of the earliest use of chili: Romero's Cave (near Ocampo, Tamaulipas) and Coxcatlán Cave (Tehuacán Valley, Puebla) (Fig. 1A). We connected these locations by their shortest path, and then computed the distance d (in kilometers) to this path for cells on a raster with 1-km2 spatial resolution. We truncated the distances at 1,000 km and used an inverse squared distance decay function, scaled between 0 and 1, (1 − (d/1,000)) as a measure of the likelihood that chili was domesticated in a location (grid cell). Species Distribution Modeling. We used SDM to assess spatial variation in suitability for wild C. annuum var. glabriusculum, the ancestor of domesticated C. annuum (6), during climatic conditions of the mid-Holocene (about 6,000 y ago) (Fig. 1B). Locations where wild Capsicum populations currently occur were from collections made in the fall of 2006 and 2007 (Dataset S2, Coordinates_w_SSR info) (29) and from additional records obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (Dataset S3, Coordinates GBIF). We used the SDM algorithm MaxEnt (19) to predict suitability during the mid-Holocene according to nine global climate models (SI Materials and Materials). The different languages considered are listed in Table 1 and the respective information sources are compiled in SI Materials and Methods. Protolanguage dates (Table 1) were calculated through use of ASJP chronology (27). The center of phylogenetic diversity of Otomanguean languages was located from the distribution of places where Otomanguean languages are currently spoken (50), by determining the area where languages spoken in close geographic proximity to one another are found to be affiliated with the largest number of major divisions of the family. Genetic Distance Analysis. Genetic distance between 139 wild and 49 domesticated pepper accessions (Datasets S2 and S3, Coordinates GBIF) were assessed with data from 17 microsatellite markers (SSRs) developed before this study as described in Dataset S1, Microsat info). Consensus Model. All four data sources were used to create a spatial model on a common raster. All models had values between 0 and 1, with higher scores indicating that a location is more likely to be the area where domestication occurred. We combined these four sources of data into a single consensus model by assigning weights to each indicator. To get a more pronounced differentiation between sites, we squared the values, after first rescaling them between 0 and 1. Suzanne K. Fish, Eric W. Holman, and Søren Wichmann provided help for this project in its early phase. Holman and Wichmann also read and commented on the manuscript as did Gene Anderson, Roger Blench, Eric Campbell, Charles Clement, Norman Hammond, Matt Hufford, Sarah Metcalfe, Barbara Pickersgill, Anthony J. Ranere, Brian Stross, and Eric Votava. K.H.K. thanks Horacio Villalón and Sergio Hernández Verdugo for contributions of wild Capsicum; Heather Zornetzer for assistance during field collection; and Derek van den Abeelen, Raúl Durán, Tiffany Chan, Jonathan Kong, and James Kami for assistance in the laboratory work for the genetic analyses; and the Fulbright program, the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS), and the Department of Plant Sciences (Graduate Student Research assistantship) for funding. We thank the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (CMIP5) and the climate modeling groups for making their model output available. 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Y Matsuoka, et al., A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 6080–6084 (2002). DQ Fuller, G Willcox, RG Allaby, Cultivation and domestication had multiple origins: Arguments against the core area hypothesis for the origins of agriculture in the Near East. World Archaeol 43, 628–652 (2011). DJ Cohen, The beginnings of agriculture in China: A multiregional view. Curr Anthropol 52, S273–S293 (2011). Avila-Blomberg A de, Moreno-Díaz NG (2008) Distribución de las lenguas indígenas de México [Distribution of the indigenous languages of Mexico]. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico, DF. Information & Authors Published in Submission history Published online: April 21, 2014 Published in issue: April 29, 2014 Suzanne K. Fish, Eric W. Holman, and Søren Wichmann provided help for this project in its early phase. Holman and Wichmann also read and commented on the manuscript as did Gene Anderson, Roger Blench, Eric Campbell, Charles Clement, Norman Hammond, Matt Hufford, Sarah Metcalfe, Barbara Pickersgill, Anthony J. Ranere, Brian Stross, and Eric Votava. K.H.K. thanks Horacio Villalón and Sergio Hernández Verdugo for contributions of wild Capsicum; Heather Zornetzer for assistance during field collection; and Derek van den Abeelen, Raúl Durán, Tiffany Chan, Jonathan Kong, and James Kami for assistance in the laboratory work for the genetic analyses; and the Fulbright program, the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS), and the Department of Plant Sciences (Graduate Student Research assistantship) for funding. We thank the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (CMIP5) and the climate modeling groups for making their model output available. This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. 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AUTOIMMUNE WELLNESS in Temecula CA An autoimmune disorder is a condition which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues. Normally, the immune system is designed to recognize and protect against foreign invaders, microorganisms, virus,es or bacteria, by making and releasing antibodies against these unwanted guests. However, in an autoimmune state, the body creates a defense system against its own host and wages war against itself, thereby causing compromised health. For more information about autoimmune wellness in Temecula CA contact our team today. What are some autoimmune disorders and conditions? - Rheumatoid Arthritis - Hashimoto's Thyroiditis - Ulcerative Colitis/Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome (IBS)/Crohn's/Celiac - Eczema/Psoriasis - Fibromyalgia (or widespread musculoskeletal pain, tenderness or fatigue) How does this happen? Genetic predisposition has been shown as a contributing factor. However, just because it is in your genes does not mean that you will absolutely have an autoimmune condition. Sometimes, external triggers cause it to manifest. Some of these triggering factors may include the following: Diet: When our diet is comprised heavily of carbohydrates and sugars, including grains, gluten, legumes, dairy, excess nuts and seeds, non-organic fruits and vegetables laden with pesticides, and farmed, antibiotic, and hormone-filled meats and fish, it may cause inflammation. If one has a genetic predisposition to developing an autoimmune condition, this type of diet can potentially trigger its onset. Environmental toxins: The air we breathe is mostly polluted. There are chemicals and heavy metals in our household cleaning products, self-hygiene products, cosmetics, dental fillings, and canned foods, which release toxins and are absorbed by our bodies. An accumulation of these toxins over time could trigger an autoimmune condition. Stress: When we are stressed, our bodies naturally release a hormone called cortisol. It is our "fight-or-flight" hormone. Our "run-for-your-lives-there's-a-mountain-lion-ready-to-pounce-at-you" hormone. It allows us to react and respond, think and move fast, in times of threat, anxiety, nervousness, fear, and anger. It causes our hearts to beat faster, eyes to get wider, mouths to get drier, and breathing to get harder. Certainly, it would be a beneficial hormone to have when you're about to fight or flee from a wild hungry animal. But, when you're just sitting at your desk, lying in bed, watching TV, or scrolling through your social media accounts, having a release of cortisol often due to everyday stressors, could be detrimental to your health. It may cause chronic inflammation and potentially induce an autoimmune condition. Leaky Gut: A great proportion of our immune system is housed within our gut or digestive tract. Therefore, it is not surprising that if our gut is out of whack, so could our immune system. Also known as intestinal permeability, the leaky gut syndrome is when the normally tight junctions of our small intestines become damaged and cause undigested food, bacteria, yeast, parasites, and toxic waste products to leak out into the bloodstream. A leaky gut can potentially cause a chronic inflammatory response in the body, which can elicit an autoimmune condition. There are many causes for leaky gut which may include gluten, dairy, sugar, alcohol, and infections due to Candida overgrowth, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and intestinal parasites. It is now known that many with an autoimmune condition have the leaky gut syndrome. Infections: Certain viruses, bacteria, parasites, and infectious pathogens have been shown to trigger an autoimmune condition. Most infections either heal on their own or are treated and no longer affect the body. However, the pathogen that caused the infection can stay in the body at low levels and cause no obvious symptoms. Many times symptoms only appear when the infection has spread or has grown stronger. These types of infectious organisms include H. Pylori, Borreli Burgodorferi, Yersinia Enterocolitica, E. coli, Epstein Barr and Herpex Simplex 1 and 2, and Coxsackie. How can we help your autoimmune problems In Temecula CA? Through our holistic clinical approach, we can help you discover the underlying causes and triggers of your autoimmune problems, with a comprehensive history and functional diagnostic laboratory tests. When these are identified, we can effectively provide you guidance and support with nutrition, supplementation, and lifestyle modifications, along with chiropractic therapies to help you optimize your health. We have various specialized programs, depending on your personal health conditions and needs. A few months of your life can potentially change the rest of your life! To find out if you are a good fit for our Autoimmune Wellness Program, call us now for a FREE Introductory Visit at (951) 208-7711. Let us help you reclaim your health! *Disclaimer: The contents in this website are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. There is no claim to treat or cure any medical condition. Always seek the advice of your medical doctor with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Any questions or concerns about, or changes to any medications should be directed to your medical doctor or prescribing physician. 9:00am - 6:00pm 9:00am - 6:00pm 9:00am - 6:00pm 9:00am - 6:00pm By Appointment Only Saturday & Sunday Inland Valley Integrative Health 28991 Old Town Front St Suite 208 Temecula, CA 92590
Why Employees Want to Work for Sustainable Companies Last updated: May, 2023 The role of values and purpose is changing the job market as more employees want to work for sustainable companies. There is a growing number of professionals (led by Gen Z and Millennials) prioritizing employers who have a genuine commitment to sustainability and can help them directly contribute to social and environmental issues. 70% of employees and job seekers feel a sustainability program makes an employer more attractive, and 44% of executives acknowledge it's a key factor in attracting and retaining top talent. But why? Let's take a look at why employees want to work for sustainable companies and what can be done to enhance sustainability in the workplace. Why Employees Want to Work for Sustainable Companies The allure of employees and sustainability can be attributed to several compelling reasons: 1. Alignment of Personal and Organizational Values Employees seek companies where they can see a direct correlation between their values and their employer's actions. Sustainability helps bridge this gap, providing a sense of purpose and fulfillment beyond day-to-day tasks. The synergy between personal values and organizational goals encourages a deeper commitment to the company's mission, creating a positive work environment where employees are more engaged, motivated, and proactive. In a recent WeSpire survey, Gen Z has become the first generation to prioritize the purpose of their work over salary, and 77% of Gen Z believe it's important to work at companies with similar values. As the younger generation enters the workforce, companies with a clear commitment to sustainability are more likely to attract and retain top talent who want to make a difference through their work. 2. Positive Impact on Employee Well-Being Working for a company that prioritizes sustainability has a positive knock-on effect on employees' well-being. It's the power of purpose. According to a study by the IBM Institute for Business Value (IBV), 74% of employees felt more fulfilled when they had an opportunity to positively impact the world. That's not all. It also helps alleviate eco-anxiety: "An extreme fear of environmental doom, caused by watching the slow and irreversible impact of climate change." Force of Nature also reports that 70% of young people feel hopeless about climate change. Your company can help alleviate these feelings by adopting sustainable practices while increasing employee satisfaction. - Green office designs can improve employees' cognitive functioning by 26% and reduce absenteeism by 30%. - 93% of people feel happier working in an environmentally friendly office. - 70% would be loyal to a company that helps them contribute to sustainability issues. RELATED: Steal These 4 Excellent Sustainability in the Workplace Examples 3. Increased Retention and Productivity Employees want to work for sustainable companies so much that it directly correlates to higher retention and productivity levels. A Deloitte study found that 72% of employees with leading sustainability programs rarely think about looking for another job, and 79% plan to stay in their roles for the next couple of years. The reason? Sustainability helps give purpose and meaning to a job. It encourages employees to stay because there is an alignment of values and a higher sense of satisfaction. All of this works together to create an environment that fosters employee engagement and directly contributes to a more motivated, efficient, and productive workforce. RELATED: Sustainability in the Workplace: 5 Ways to Influence a Sustainable Behaviour Change What Can Be Done to Enhance Sustainability in the Workplace? Transitioning to a more sustainable business model is a strategic move to attract top talent and reduce your environmental impact. Here are key steps to enhancing sustainability in the workplace. 1. Create a Net-Zero Emission Strategy The first step in creating a net-zero emissions strategy is to assess your current carbon footprint using a business carbon calculator. Once you know your biggest emission culprits, you can set measurable targets to decrease your environmental impact and offset any remaining emissions through credible carbon offset projects. RELATED: How to Make Your Company Carbon Neutral: A Step-By-Step Guide 2. Make Your Sustainability Goals Visible Making your sustainability goals visible is about more than just announcing intentions. It's about embedding transparency and accountability into your corporate identity. It involves regularly communicating your progress and achievements through various channels like your website, social media, and internal communications. This visibility helps you build trust with your employees, drive behavioral change, and encourage a culture of sustainability. There's more. Your employees expect it. 57% of employees say they need more information on their company's environmental goals. An employee engagement platform like Emission Sentri can help you automatically amplify your sustainability commitments. Collecting your emission data from various sources, it delivers progress reports across your digital eco-system, from Microsoft Teams to monthly reports, maximizing reach and engagement. RELATED: Engaging Employees in Sustainability: 6 Strategies You Need to Know 3. Upskill Your Employees to Tap into Their Desire to Engage Empowering your workforce with the knowledge and skills to contribute to your sustainability goals does three things. - It increases employee engagement and satisfaction. - It speeds up your progress to achieve net-zero emissions. - It creates more environmentally aware people. By providing training opportunities, you're tapping into the desire to positively impact social and environmental issues. According to the 2020 Unily study, 63% of employees would like to learn more green skills, and 46% said they need more specific training on environmental goals. Emission Sentri offers employees on-demand awareness training and certifications. The platform provides access to specialized training modules focused on emissions reduction and sustainability practices and offers personalized AI recommendations. The feature educates employees on how they can contribute to the organization's emissions reduction plan via individual monthly emails and progress reports. RELATED: The Best Employee Engagement Solutions Employees and Sustainability: How to Thrive in the Eco-Conscious Era The call for sustainable practices in the workplace is louder than ever, with 83% of workers believing their company is not doing enough to fight climate change. As the demand for meaningful work continues to rise, companies have a unique opportunity to attract and retain talent by aligning their operations with the values of their employees. Emission Sentri can help empower your employees to achieve your net-zero goals while educating and bringing awareness to your sustainability goals. By adopting a comprehensive approach, you can meet and exceed your ESG targets while creating a more motivated, satisfied, and productive workforce.
Startups addressing children's mental health needs that you should know They include Brightline, Hazel Health, InStride Health, Mantra Health, and Mightier Read more... We all know what a consumer-driven and growing nation China is and the latest figures out from IDC confirm that China will overtake the U.S. as the world's biggest smartphone market this year. By year end, estimates show that China will hold a 25.5% share in the smartphone market over the 17.8% that the US is expected to hold onto. Obviously, since China is the world's most-populated country, this day was bound to happen, but it was the exponential acceleration that surprised many. "The fact that China will overtake the United States in smartphone shipments does not mean that the U.S. smartphone market is grinding to a halt," said Ramon Llamas, senior research analyst with IDC's Mobile Phone Technology and Trends program. "Now that smartphones represent the majority of mobile phone shipments, growth is expected to continue, but at a slower pace. There is still a market for first-time users as well as thriving upgrade opportunities." The only country out pro forming China in the rate of acceleration is India, which will only account for 2.5% of all smartphones shipped and sold, but is growing at a rate of over 57%. Mind you, that still only gives the country an 8.5% share by 2016 -- making it one of the lowest smartphone penetration rates in the region. "Regionally, we expect smartphone demand to flow down to lower-tier cities," added James Yan, senior market analyst for Computing Systems Research at IDC China. "After going through a period of sustained high growth, top-tier cities are likely to see decelerating smartphone growth rates. In contrast, secondary cities are expected to experience accelerated smartphone growth, with strong demand for low-cost models as well as high-end models, which are desired as status symbols." In most of these developing and non-Western countries, especially China, the majority of smartphone buyers are looking for affordability and are mostly drawn to Android, which which will see its share expand at a rate of 26.2% by 2016. Emerging markets like Brazil, expected to see a growth rate of 44% by 2016, also gravitate to the Android devices. Markets like the U.S. and UK are still not totally saturated and will see growth in the purchase of smartphone devices by 12%. Here, the main isn't the first-time adoption of a smartphone but usually trending toward upgrades. The U.S. and UK, unlike most countries, are already tipping into a smartphone majority. IDC also mentions that one country is gaining on the growth and popularity that Brazil has held for the last two-three years, that country is Russia. IDC believes Russia is poised to be one of the most hotly contested markets of all in the next five years for the mobile sector. They include Brightline, Hazel Health, InStride Health, Mantra Health, and Mightier Read more...Evolv uses AI and sensors to autmatically distinguish between weapons and everyday items Read more...Story's AFib program integrates with a health system's clinical team to keep patients engaged Read more...
Lightning is a common cause of failures in photovoltaic (PV) and wind-electric systems. A damaging surge can occur from lightning that strikes a long distance from the system or between clouds. But most lightning damage is preventable. Here are some of the most cost-effective techniques generally accepted by power system installers based on decades of experience. Follow this advice, and you have a very good chance of avoiding lightning damage to your renewable energy (RE) system. Table of Contents Get Grounded Grounding is the most fundamental technique for protection against lightning damage. You can't stop a lightning surge, but you can give it a direct path to ground that bypasses your valuable equipment and safely discharges the surge into the earth. An electrical path to ground will constantly discharge static electricity that accumulates in an aboveground structure. Often, this prevents the attraction of lightning in the first place. Lightning arrestors and surge protectors are designed to protect electronic equipment by absorbing electrical surges. However, these devices are not a substitute for good grounding. They function only in conjunction with effective grounding. The grounding system is an important part of your wiring infrastructure. Install it before or while the power wiring is installed. Otherwise, once the system is working, this important component may never get checked off on the "to-do" list. Step one in grounding is constructing a discharge path to ground by bonding (interconnecting) all the metal structural components and electrical enclosures, such as PV module frames, mounting racks, and wind generator towers. The National Electrical Code (NEC), Article 250, and Article 690.41 through 690.47 specify code-compliant wire sizes, materials, and techniques. Avoid sharp bends in ground wires—high current surges don't like to turn tight corners and can easily jump to nearby wiring. Pay special attention to attachments of copper wire to aluminum structural elements (particularly the PV module frames). Use connectors labeled "AL/CU" and stainless steel fasteners, which reduce the potential for corrosion. The ground wires of both DC and AC circuits will also be connected to this grounding system. (Refer to Code Corner articles on PV array grounding in HP102 and HP103 for more advice.) Grounding Rods The weakest aspect of many installations is the connection to the earth itself. After all, you can't just bolt a wire to the planet! Instead, you must bury or hammer a rod of conductive, noncorrosive metal (generally copper) into the ground and make sure most of its surface area contacts conductive (that means moist) soil. This way, the electrons can drain into the ground with minimal resistance when static electricity or a surge comes down the line. In a similar way to how a drain field dissipates water, grounding acts to dissipate electrons. If a drainpipe doesn't discharge adequately into the ground, backups occur. When electrons back up, they jump the gap (forming an electrical arc) to your power wiring, through your equipment, and only then to ground. To prevent this, install one or more 8-foot-long (2.4 m), 5/8-inch (16 mm) copper-plated ground rods, preferably in moist earth. A single rod is usually not sufficient, especially in dry ground. In areas where the ground gets extremely dry, install several rods, spacing them at least 6 feet (3 m) apart and connecting them together with bare copper wire, buried. An alternate approach is to bury #6 (13 mm2), double #8 (8 mm2), or larger bare copper wire in a trench at least 100 feet (30 m) long. (The bare copper ground wire also can be run along the bottom of a trench that carries water or sewer pipes, or other electrical wires.) Or, cut the ground wire in half and spread it in two directions. Connect one end of each buried wire to the grounding system. Try to route part of the system into wetter areas, like where a roof drains or where plants are to be watered. If steel well-casing is nearby, you can use it as a ground rod (make a strong, bolted connection to the casing). In moist climates, the concrete footers of ground- or pole-mounted array, a wind generator tower, or ground rods encased in concrete will not provide ideal grounding. Concrete will typically be less conductive in these locations than the moist soil surrounding the footings. If this is the case, install a ground rod in the earth next to the concrete at the base of an array or at the base of your wind generator tower and at each guy wire anchor, then connect them all together with bare, buried wire. In dry or arid climates, the opposite is often true— concrete footings may have a higher moisture content than the surrounding soil, and offer an economical opportunity for grounding. If 20-foot-long (or longer) rebar is to be embedded in concrete, the rebar itself can serve as a ground rod. (Note: This must be planned before the concrete is poured.) This method of grounding is common in dry locations, and is described in the NEC, Article 250.52 (A3), "Concrete-Encased Electrode." If you are unsure of the best grounding method for your location, talk with your electrical inspector during the design phase of your system. You cannot have too much grounding. In a dry location, use every opportunity to install redundant ground rods, buried wire, etc. To avoid corrosion, use only approved hardware for making connections to ground rods. Use copper split bolts to splice ground wires reliably. Grounding Power Circuits For building wiring, the NEC requires one side of a DC power system to be connected—or "bonded"—to ground. The AC portion of such a system must also be grounded in the conventional manner of any grid-connected system. (This is true in the United States. In other countries, ungrounded power circuits are the norm.) Grounding the power system is required for a modern home system in the United States. It is essential that the DC negative and the AC neutral are bonded to ground at only one point in their respective systems and both to the same point in the grounding system. This is done at the central power panel. Producers of single-purpose, stand-alone systems (like solar water pumps and radio repeaters) recommend not grounding the power circuit. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for specific recommendations. Array Wiring & "Twisted Pair" Technique Array wiring should use minimum lengths of wire tucked into the metal framework. Positive and negative wires should be of equal length and be run together whenever possible. This will minimize the induction of excessive voltage between the conductors. Metal conduit (grounded) also adds a layer of protection. Bury long outdoor wire runs instead of running them overhead. A wire run of 100 feet(30 m) or more is like an antenna—it will receive surges even from lightning in the clouds. Similar surges can still occur even if the wires are buried, but most installers agree that buried transmission wiring further limits the possibility of lightning damage. A simple strategy to reduce susceptibility to surges is the "twisted pair" technique, which helps equalize and cancel out any induced voltages between two or more conductors. Finding a suitable power cable that is already twisted can be difficult, so here's what to do: Lay out a pair of power wires along the ground. Insert a stick between the wires and twist them together. Every 30 feet (10 m), alternate the direction. (This is much easier than twisting the whole distance in one direction.) Depending on the wire size, a power drill can sometimes be used to twist wiring. Just secure the ends of the wiring into the drill's chuck and let the drill's action twist the cables together. Make sure to run the drill at the lowest possible speed if you try this technique. The ground wire does not need to be twisted with the power wires. For burial runs, use bare copper wire; if you use conduit, run the ground wire outside the conduit. The additional earth contact will improve the grounding of the system. Use twisted-pair cable for any communication or control cables (for example, a float-switch cable for full-tank shutoff of a solar water pump). This smaller gauge wire is readily available in pre-twisted, multiple, or single-pair cables. You can also purchase shielded twisted-pair cable, which has a metallic foil surrounding the twisted wires, and typically a separate, bare "drain" wire. Ground the cable shield and drain wire at one end only, to eliminate the possibility of creating a ground loop (less direct path to ground) in the wiring. Additional Lightning Protection In addition to extensive grounding measures, specialized surge protection devices, and (possibly) lightning rods are recommended for sites with any of the following conditions: • Isolated location on high ground in a severe lightning area • Dry, rocky, or otherwise poorly conductive soil • Wire runs longer than 100 feet (30 m) Lightning Arrestors Lightning (surge) arrestors are designed to absorb voltage spikes caused by electrical storms (or out-of-spec utility power), and effectively allow the surge to bypass power wiring and your equipment. Surge protectors should be installed at both ends of any long wire run that is connected to any part of your system, including AC lines from an inverter. Arrestors are made for various voltages for both AC and DC. Be sure to use the appropriate arrestors for your application. Many system installers routinely use Delta surge arrestors, which are inexpensive and offer some protection where the threat of lightning is moderate, but these units are no longer UL-listed. PolyPhaser and Transtector arrestors are high-quality products for lightning-prone sites and larger installations. These durable units offer robust protection and compatibility with various system voltages. Some devices have indicators to display failure modes. Lightning Rods "Lightning rods" are static discharge devices that are placed above buildings and solar-electric arrays, and connected to ground. They are meant to prevent static charge buildup and the surrounding atmosphere's eventual ionization. They can help prevent a strike and can provide a path for a very high current to ground if a strike does occur. Modern devices are spike-shaped, often with multiple points. Lighting rods are typically only used at sites that experience extreme electrical storms. If you think your site falls into this category, hire a contractor with lightning protection experience. If your system installer is not qualified, consider consulting with a lightning protection specialist before installing the system. If possible, select a North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) certified PV installer. Although this certification isn't specific to lightning protection, it can indicate an installer's overall competence level. Out of Sight, Not Out of Mind A lot of lightning protection work is buried and out of sight. To help ensure that it gets done correctly, write it into your contract(s) with your system installer, electrician, excavator, plumber, well driller, or anyone doing earthwork that will contain your grounding system.
ABSTRACT: The upper Ludington and lower Pardonet formations at Black Bear Ridge, northeastern British Columbia, Canada represent a continuously exposed succession through the upper Carnian and lower Norian (medial Upper Triassic). These strata were deposited in a deep marine setting (distally steepened carbonate ramp / medial to distal slope) on the northwestern margin of Pangaea. The Black Bear Ridge section is apparently continuous, with no evidence for either subaerial exposure or submarine erosion. The absence of erosional scours in the study interval confirms emplacement of these strata below both fair-weather and storm wave base. Event beds, particularly those resulting from sediment gravity flows, dominate the Carnian-Norian boundary interval at Black Bear Ridge. Upper Carnian strata, primarily assigned to the Ludington Formation at Black Bear Ridge, record an upward transition from moderate-scale, olistolith-bearing debris flow deposits (debrites) to medium / thin-bedded turbidites remobilised as small-scale sediment slump /slides. The Carnian-Norian boundary interval and the lower Norian succession is dominated by medium- to thin-bedded calcareous turbidites and lesser hemipelagic suspension deposits. Diverse and abundant fossil assemblages, particularly conodonts and bivalves, occur within the study interval. Despite evidence of post-depositional sediment remobilisation (i.e debrites and turbidites) conodont faunal successions indicate that the Black Bear Ridge section represents a complete and continuously exposed Carnian-Norian boundary succession. Rapid and relatively continuous sedimentation is attested to by the thickness of the section, the abundance of calcareous turbidites and the thin nature of intercalated hemipelagic beds. Abundant well-preserved fossils, evidence of continuous and rapid sedimentation and minimal alteration by tectonic disturbances, metamorphism or diagenesis make Black Bear Ridge an excellent candidate Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Carnian-Norian boundary. You are not registered as a current subscriber. If your institution has an active subscription, contact us to ask for help with your computer's IP address. If you have an active personal subscription, log in. Subscribe to Stratigraphy Online only \| Added print \| \| Institutions \| $280 \| $340 \| Individuals \| $140 \| $200 \|
The Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) Misconception: Why Being "Under the Limit" Doesn't Always Mean You're in the Clear by LegalFix Posted: March 14, 2024 There's a common narrative that circulates among social circles and is reinforced by media depictions of DUI/DWI laws: if your blood alcohol content (BAC) is under the state's legal limit, you're safe from any charges related to drunk driving. However, this belief is not only misleading but can also lead to serious legal consequences for those who rely on it. Let's delve into the nuances of DUI/DWI laws and address this widespread misconception. What is the "Legal Limit"? Contrary to what you might assume, there is no federally mandated standard for intoxication. Laws on both how much alcohol counts as being intoxicated, as well as penalties for violations, are decided on state and local levels. In many states, a BAC of 0.08% is considered the legal limit for drivers aged 21 and over. However, the phrase "legal limit" can be misleading. Some states, such as Washington and Massachusetts, have a tiered system with different penalties for each threshold. Factors Other Than BAC The other important thing to remember is that while the amount of alcohol in your system is one of the criteria, there are other things that can land you with a drunk driving charge. Having a BAC above this level can result in an automatic DUI/DWI charge, being under doesn't provide an absolute shield against arrest or conviction. Other factors that may impact your situation include: Driving Behavior: The primary objective of DUI/DWI laws is to ensure road safety. If an officer observes erratic or unsafe driving behavior, you can still be pulled over and potentially charged, even if your BAC is below the designated limit. Field Sobriety Tests: If an officer suspects impairment, they may conduct field sobriety tests. Failure or poor performance on these tests, combined with other observations, can lead to an arrest irrespective of your BAC. Other Intoxicants: Alcohol isn't the only substance that can impair driving. Drivers can also face DUI/DWI charges if they are under the influence of drugs, including certain prescription medications. Zero Tolerance for Underage Drivers In addition to the standard legal limits, many states have zero-tolerance laws for drivers under the age of 21. This means any detectable amount of alcohol in an underage driver's system can result in a DUI/DWI charge. Other BAC Testing Factors to Consider Another fact that many people don't consider is that even though your body can remove alcohol from your blood at a rate of about 0.015% BAC per hour, your BAC can continue to rise even after you've stopped drinking. This depends on factors including your weight, metabolism, and the amount and type of alcohol consumed. Even if you test below the limit when pulled over, there's a chance you might exceed the limit by the time you're tested at the station. Even if a significant amount of time has passed between your last drink and being tested, alcohol shows up in the system for a long time. Saliva testing is effective for up to 8 hours, and urine testing can typically detect alcohol for 8 to 12 hours, depending on how much you drank. A breathalyzer, however, can detect alcohol for up to 24 hours. Know the Laws with LegalFix Relying on the myth of the "safe zone" under the legal BAC limit can lead to unexpected and serious consequences. DUI/DWI laws focus on impaired driving, and a BAC below the legal limit does not guarantee immunity from charges. If you ever find yourself in a situation where you're facing DUI/DWI charges, it's invaluable to have affordable access to an attorney familiar with your state's specific laws for guidance. Whether you want to understand BAC laws or just want a better understanding of how our legal system works, LegalFix is your go-to source for free legal information. You can find helpful articles and state-specific explanations of nearly 1,600 legal topics and browse the state and federal statutes to better understand the laws that affect you. Just visit LegalFix.com to find all this content—and check back often for more valuable legal products and services coming soon.
ISLAMABAD: Speakers at a seminar in Islamabad on Saturday called on the international community to intervene in the Kashmir dispute in order to protect the right of Kashmiris to self-determination and promote peace and stability in the area. The seminar, titled "From Amritsar Treaty to Abrogation: Kashmir's Journey for Self-Determination and Peace," was organized by the Jammu Kashmir Peace & Justice Organization (JKPJO) and attended by notable scholars, youth activists, locals, and women. During the event's two sessions, speakers highlighted Kashmir's history and ongoing struggles, particularly emphasizing the repercussions of the Treaty of Amritsar signed in 1846. The British East India Company and Ranjit Singh of the Sikh state of Punjab, perpetuated decades of exploitation and marginalization under Dogra's rule. Tanveer-ul-Islam, Chairman of JKPJO, stressed the treaty's significance in understanding Kashmir's self-determination struggle, noting its impact on governance and societal dynamics in the region. The second session featured civil society members condemning the atrocities faced by Kashmiris, from historical oppression under various rulers to recent developments like the revocation of Articles 370 and 35A by India. Professor Shahid Hussain Mir detailed Kashmiris' centuries-long struggle, highlighting historical events such as the 1924 silk factory workers' killings and the 1931 massacre outside Srinagar Central Jail, exposing deep-seated scars in Kashmir's collective memory. Tanveer ul Islam appealed to the international community, including the US and UK, to facilitate dialogue and advocate for Kashmiris' fundamental rights. The seminar ended with a call to action for global solidarity with Kashmiris, expressing optimism that collective efforts would lead to self-determination and peace for the region.
Introduction to binary This sequence of lessons focuses on what a binary number is, what a decimal number is, why binary numbers are important in digital systems and how to read and understand a binary number. Additional details Year band(s) \| 5-6 \| Content type \| Lesson ideas \| Format \| Web page \| Core and overarching concepts \| Data representation \| Australian Curriculum Digital Technologies code(s) \| Explore how data can be represented by off and on states (zeros and ones in binary) \| Keywords \| Binary numbers, Decimal numbers, Comparisons, Locations and transformation \| Integrated, cross-curriculum, special needs \| Mathematics \| Organisation \| ESA \| Copyright \| Creative Commons Attribution 4.0, unless otherwise indicated. \| Related resources A matter of style In this lesson sequence, students using the Zen Garden website reflect on criteria for effective design. Google CS First: Storytelling CS First: Storytelling guides students to use block-based coding in Scratch projects through a series of themed activities. Baringa State Primary School: Implementation of STEM Baringa PS uses a cross-disciplinary approach that integrates STEM disciplines around relevant contexts (ie a problem, question, product or issue). Parramatta Marist High: Building a programming mindset Kelly Bauer explains how video games are the starting point for Year 7 students at Parramatta Marist High to learn about coding. Torrens Valley Christian School: New subject at Year 10 Fiona Clayton describes how their Year 10 Digital Technologies subject has had an impact on numbers opting to go on and study in this area.
Situated in Phoenix, Arizona, the Maricela Institute of Technology (MIT) is a public charter high school that runs for four years. As a specialised university, MIT exposes students to seemingly endless possibilities in the domains of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Concerning MIT Goals and Objectives At MIT, we are dedicated to giving students a cutting-edge STEM education while pushing them to strive for moral greatness on a personal level. Our goal is to develop the next wave of problem solvers, innovators, and leaders who will influence the world. Learner-Centred Methodology MIT adopts a learner-centered approach, acknowledging the distinct potential of every individual student. Our hybrid program meets the academic needs of our motivated and intelligent students by combining labs, online courses, and traditional classroom settings. Student Involvement and Customised Teaching Approaches: MIT places a strong emphasis on student involvement and customises teaching approaches to meet each student's unique needs, learning preferences, abilities, and objectives. Clear skill training, learning reflection, student control over learning, and classroom community collaboration are all components of learner-centred teaching (LCT). Difficulties and Things to Consider: A lot of planning and preparation are needed.Possibility of uneven student involvement. Need for support and training for teachers. Technology Integration: By giving users access to a vast array of educational resources and materials, technology improves LCT. encourages interaction, teamwork, and individualised instruction. Strict Curriculum Our demanding curriculum is meant to get kids ready for college. Critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication abilities are prioritised. Whether it's engineering, robotics, drones, or 3D printing, MIT students choose courses that are cognitively challenging. Here are some salient features of the MIT curriculum: Strict Curriculum: MIT provides a curriculum that is both strict and comprehensive, in line with international and Arizona College and Career Readiness standards. Critical thinking: Creativity, and communication skills are highlighted in the curriculum. Students work together as a group and solve problems. STEM Education: Robotics, drones, 3D printing, engineering, and science are just a few of the topics covered in MIT's curriculum. It serves advanced students who are enthusiastic about these subjects. Multidisciplinary Approach: Projects, independent study, and internships are some of the ways that MIT fosters multidisciplinary learning. Pupils may profit Opportunities and Programmes STEM-related programmes Science: Discover the natural world's wonders. Technology: Explore innovative and state-of-the-art technology. Engineering: Plan, construct, and provide answers. Learn the language of patterns and logic in mathematics. Students can take advantage of fascinating internship options at MIT. Students are able to apply their knowledge and develop useful skills through these hands-on learning opportunities. Life on Campus Our student clubs and organisations link students with comparable interests and passions, promote community service, and develop a sense of belonging. Admissions and Anticipations Who ought to submit an application? MIT is the right destination for you if you're passionate about robotics, engineering, or science and are interested in STEM fields. MIT provides advanced education to Riverside School District students. Moral Instruction We teach values like self-control, accountability, tolerance, integrity, and fidelity. Students at MIT are dedicated to helping and leading others, in addition to having strong academic backgrounds. In summary of the Maricopa institute of technology Maricela Institute of Technology serves as a springboard for future leaders in addition to being a school. Our dedication to character development, innovation, and brilliance guarantees that MIT graduates are ready for college and beyond. What distinguishes MIT from others? MIT is unique because of its learner-centred approach, internships, and specialised STEM curriculum. How do I go to MIT? Get a tour of the campus by contacting (602) 272-0006. Is MIT a school for equal opportunities? Indeed, we give everyone equal access to jobs and education, regardless of their gender, colour, or other characteristics.
How to Improve Soccer Speed and Acceleration: Training Methods for Increased Quickness As a professional soccer player, I have learned that speed and acceleration are crucial skills to have on the field. Being able to quickly change direction and outrun opponents can make all the difference in a game. However, improving these skills takes time and effort. In this article, I will share my personal experience and training methods for increasing soccer speed and acceleration. The Importance of Speed and Acceleration in Soccer Speed and acceleration are important skills in soccer because they allow players to: - Outrun opponents to gain possession of the ball - Quickly change direction to avoid defenders - React quickly to changes in the game - Make explosive movements to shoot, pass, or tackle Without these skills, a player may struggle to keep up with the pace of the game and miss opportunities to make a difference on the field. Training Methods for Improved Speed and Acceleration There are several training methods that can help improve soccer speed and acceleration, including: - Sprint training - Plyometric exercises - Resistance training - Agility drills Each method targets different aspects of speed and acceleration, and incorporating a variety of exercises into your training routine can lead to significant improvements on the field. In the following sections, I will provide more detail on each of these training methods and how they can be incorporated into your soccer training routine. Why Speed and Acceleration are Important in Soccer As a professional soccer player, I can attest to the fact that speed and acceleration are two of the most important aspects of the game. Not only do they allow you to outrun your opponents and create scoring opportunities, but they also play a crucial role in improving your agility and reaction time on the field. Increased Agility Agility is a key component of soccer, as it enables you to change direction quickly and efficiently. This is particularly important when dribbling the ball, as you need to be able to move around defenders and create space for yourself. By improving your speed and acceleration, you'll also enhance your agility, making it easier for you to maneuver around the field and outwit your opponents. Improved Reaction Time Another benefit of training for speed and acceleration is that it can improve your reaction time on the field. When you're able to move quickly and explosively, you'll be better equipped to react to sudden changes in the game, such as a pass from a teammate or a sudden shift in your opponent's position. This can give you a significant advantage over your opponents, allowing you to make split-second decisions and take advantage of opportunities as they arise. Overall, speed and acceleration are essential components of soccer that can help you improve your agility, reaction time, and overall performance on the field. Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned pro, incorporating speed and acceleration training into your routine can help you take your game to the next level. Training Methods for Improved Speed and Acceleration Improving your speed and acceleration in soccer requires a combination of different training methods. Here are some of the most effective training methods for increased quickness: Sprint Training Sprint training is one of the most effective ways to improve your speed and acceleration on the soccer field. Sprint training involves running at maximum effort for short distances, typically between 10-50 meters, with recovery periods between each sprint. This type of training helps to improve both your anaerobic and aerobic fitness levels, which are essential for soccer players. Plyometric Exercises Plyometric exercises are explosive movements that help to improve your power and speed. These exercises involve jumping, bounding, and hopping movements that activate your fast-twitch muscle fibers. Examples of plyometric exercises include box jumps, squat jumps, and single-leg hops. Plyometric exercises should be incorporated into your training routine 2-3 times per week. Resistance Training Resistance training involves lifting weights to improve your strength and power. This type of training is essential for soccer players looking to improve their speed and acceleration. Resistance training exercises should focus on the lower body, including the glutes, hamstrings, quads, and calves. Examples of resistance training exercises include squats, lunges, deadlifts, and calf raises. Interval Training Interval training involves alternating between high-intensity exercise and periods of rest or low-intensity exercise. This type of training helps to improve your speed and endurance, making it an effective training method for soccer players. Interval training can be done on the field or on a treadmill. Examples of interval training workouts include sprint intervals, hill repeats, and shuttle runs. Training Method \| Description \| Sprint Training \| Running at maximum effort for short distances with recovery periods between each sprint. \| Plyometric Exercises \| Explosive movements that improve power and speed, such as box jumps, squat jumps, and single-leg hops. \| Resistance Training \| Lifting weights to improve strength and power, focusing on the lower body with exercises like squats, lunges, and deadlifts. \| Interval Training \| Alternating between high-intensity exercise and periods of rest or low-intensity exercise, improving speed and endurance. \| By incorporating these training methods into your soccer training routine, you can improve your speed and acceleration on the field. Remember to consult with a qualified coach or trainer to ensure you are using proper form and technique when performing these exercises. Nutrition and Recovery Proper nutrition is essential to improving soccer speed and acceleration. Consuming a well-balanced diet that includes protein, carbohydrates, and healthy fats can provide the body with the necessary nutrients to perform at its best. Soccer players should aim to consume a diet that is rich in whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Protein is essential for muscle repair and growth. Soccer players should aim to consume approximately 1.2-2.0 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day. Good sources of protein include chicken, turkey, fish, beans, lentils, and tofu. Carbohydrates provide the body with energy, which is essential for soccer players. It is important to consume complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, as they provide a sustained source of energy. Soccer players should aim to consume approximately 5-7 grams of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight per day. Healthy Fats Healthy fats, such as those found in nuts, seeds, avocados, and fatty fish, are essential for overall health and performance. They can also help to reduce inflammation and aid in muscle recovery. Adequate Rest and Recovery Rest and recovery are just as important as training when it comes to improving soccer speed and acceleration. Soccer players should aim to get at least 8 hours of sleep per night to allow the body to repair and recover. Stretching, foam rolling, and massage can also help to reduce muscle soreness and improve flexibility. In addition, taking rest days and incorporating active recovery, such as yoga or light cardio, can help to prevent overtraining and reduce the risk of injury. Proper hydration is also essential for recovery, as it helps to flush out toxins and reduce inflammation. Nutrient \| Recommended Intake \| Examples of Food Sources \| Protein \| 1.2-2.0 grams per kilogram of body weight per day \| Chicken, turkey, fish, beans, lentils, tofu \| Carbohydrates \| 5-7 grams per kilogram of body weight per day \| Whole grains, fruits, vegetables \| Healthy Fats \| 20-35% of daily calorie intake \| Nuts, seeds, avocados, fatty fish \| By focusing on proper nutrition and recovery, soccer players can improve their speed and acceleration and perform at their best on the field. Improving soccer speed and acceleration is crucial for every player who wants to take their game to the next level. With the right training methods, you can increase your quickness and become a more valuable asset to your team. Key Takeaways - Incorporate sprint training into your routine to improve your acceleration and top speed. - Focus on developing your leg strength through exercises like squats, lunges, and calf raises. - Work on your agility by practicing quick changes of direction and footwork drills. - Don't neglect your core and upper body strength, as they play a crucial role in overall athleticism. - Be consistent and patient with your training, as improvements in speed and acceleration take time to develop. Final Thoughts Improving your soccer speed and acceleration can be challenging, but it's worth the effort. By incorporating the right training methods and staying dedicated to your goals, you can become a faster, more explosive player on the field. Remember to listen to your body and give yourself adequate rest and recovery time to avoid injury. With hard work and perseverance, you can take your soccer game to new heights.
Constitutional Law Course Description Learn about the formation and key tenants of the structural Constitution. This is a foundational course for anyone interested in the American legal system.Why does the structure of the Constitution matter? What are the key debates in Constitutional Law? Why and how did the Founders decide on the powers of the three branches? Is federalism still important? Dive into these questions, and many more.
Creative Ways to Get Kids Studying TweetAs parents and educators, we know that sometimes, it can be tricky to get children studying or doing their homework. Throughout my time as an English Tutor, I have found that kids respond best to entertainment and creativity as a tool to engage them in their studies. Here are some of the most effective ways to get them working: 1. Play games Games that promote focus and creativity are an excellent way to start off a study session. Educational charades, bingo, puzzles, scrabble, sudoku, etc. are great for this. You can even customize the games to a specific topic, which is a great way to prepare your child for what they're about to study. Do a Google image search for '[subject] + game' and '[subject] + puzzle' and you'll find plenty of printables for your child to enjoy. 2. Use the internet With parental guidance and a time restriction, the internet is a great place to find engrossing educational resources. I especially like Fact Monster because they have extensive interactive games, worksheets, flashcards, etc. You can also check out National Geographic Kids and Khan Academy. 3. Get crafty From a colouring task to origami, doing crafts can boost children's enthusiasm and concentration (which they will need while studying). However, only spend about 5 to 15 minutes of their study time on crafts, as anything more can become counterproductive. 4. Compete (healthily) with your child This works particularly well with older children who are competitive. Bring your laptop and work beside your child while they're studying and race them to see who can finish first. This gives a great boost of motivation and a goal to look forward to. Also, you can promise a small reward if they win! 5. Reward them Give your child a sense of achievement and appreciation by rewarding them in some way. For example, stick a (big) sticker sheet on a wall at home and every time your child completes their homework/study, put stickers on the sheet. Be consistent with the number of stickers you give them. You can give a bigger reward (book, toy, etc.) once your child meets sticker target. I hope that the tips that are helpful in motivating your child to study. Every child is unique and the important thing is to discover what your child likes and choose the strategies that work best accordingly! Your child's teachers will have great ideas about what specific thing works for your kid, so don't forget to ask them as well.
Public health guidance on COVID-19 continues to evolve as more is learned about the coronavirus. However, one message has remained consistent: "If you feel sick, stay home." Yet many hospitals and healthcare clinics have ignored that simple and straightforward advice, pressuring workers who contract COVID-19 to return to work sooner than public health standards suggest it's safe for them, their colleagues, or their patients. Such pressures not only stress healthcare workers as they are forced to choose between their job and their health or the health of their families, but also strains their sense of professional responsibility knowing that they may be spreading a potentially deadly virus to the patients they are supposed to treat.
Frequently Asked Questions How does acupuncture work? Acupuncture works by inserting sterile needles into the body which regulates the flow of Qi (pronounced 'chee'). Qi flows like a river through channels or meridians in the body. When Qi is flowing with ease through the body, the body will function optimally and a person's body will be free of symptoms, and feel content in their lives. From a Western medical perspective, acupuncture works by stimulating the central nervous system which releases endorphins into the body. It also increases blood flow to areas that need nutrient rich blood. This promotes the body's natural healing abilities. The body wants to heal; we just need to set up the environment for it to do so. Acupuncture is a very effective way in supporting the body to health. What can I expect when I come for a When you come for a treatment, I will take information about your medical history, symptoms at present, diet, lifestyle and mental-emotional well-being. This information helps me determine the areas of body that aren't functioning optimally and which points would be most beneficial to needle. Inserting needles into specific points on the body will support the body back to health. The first consultation is €55 and lasts up to 1 hour and a half. Follow up consultations are €50 and last up to 1 hour. How many treatments do I need? The amount of treatments an individual needs depends on how long a condition or symptom has been present and the clients lifestyle. A symptom that is acute may be treated in 3-5 sessions of acupuncture whereas a chronic condition would naturally take more sessions. This can be discussed in consultation. Although chronic conditions take longer to heal, clients generally see improvements in their health within a few sessions. An individual's lifestyle and circumstances also affect the healing process. For example, if a person continues to ingest foods that puts stress on their digestion or overworks themselves into stressful states, it will impede the body's ability to heal. Acupuncture has great potential to restore a person to health but it's also the person's responsibility to take steps to look after their body and mind. Is acupuncture safe? Yes, acupuncture is safe. I use single-use sterile needles and surgical spirit to clean the area. Like all therapies it is important for a practitioner to be fully trained and aware of the physiology of the body. At times needling can cause a little bruising or can cause some symptoms to intensify for a while and this is normal. If you do feel concerned I encourage clients to reach out to me. As acupuncture can have a strong effect on the body, it is important anyone with history of fainting or seizures informs me and I can tailor the treatment to you. As needles are being inserted into the body, if you are on a blood thinner or have a bleeding disorder it is important to inform me. Personally I do not needle anyone that is pregnant or trying to get pregnant however I can refer you on to a practitioner.
The culinary world is full of dishes that are rich in tradition and history, and the English Beef and Stout pie is no different. This hearty dish is a staple in English pubs and households alike, perfect for a cold winter's evening. It's not just about the beef and **stout, though. The flaky pastry top is what sets this pie apart from others. If you've ever wondered whether you can prepare this traditional English dish at home, the answer is a resounding yes. In this article, we'll guide you through the process, from preparing the stew filling to crafting the perfect puff pastry top. We'll use the simple ingredients you probably already have in your pantry. It's time to roll up your sleeves and get ready to create something delicious. Lire également : What's the Secret to Crafting the Perfect Vietnamese Spring Rolls with Peanut Sauce? Before you start cooking, it's essential to ensure you have the right ingredients. For this English Beef and Stout Pie, you'll need some key components. In this section, we will go over the list of ingredients you'll need and why each is important to the overall dish. For the filling, you'll need quality beef, a full-bodied stout like Guinness, a handful of vegetables, and some carefully chosen spices. The type of meat you select will significantly impact the final taste. Choose a cut that's well-marbled with fat, as this will add to the richness and depth of the flavor. Guinness, with its strong, rich flavor, is the stout of choice for this recipe. Other necessary ingredients include onions, carrots, and celery, which will add a slight sweetness to the stew. En parallèle : How to Make a Gourmet Lobster Thermidor with a Rich Brandy Sauce? When it comes to the pastry, the star is the puff pastry. Its light, airy texture will provide a delicious contrast to the hearty stew beneath it. You'll also need some flour and egg to help bind the pastry and achieve the desired golden-brown color. The stew filling is where the magic begins. This is where the flavors meld together to create a rich and hearty base for your pie. It's not a quick process, but the results are well worth the wait. Start by heating some oil in a large pan. Add the beef and cook it until it's browned on all sides. This will take about 10 minutes. Once the beef is browned, remove it from the pan and set it aside. In the same pan, add your vegetables and cook until they're softened. This should take about 10-15 minutes. Once the vegetables are cooked, add the beef back into the pan, along with the Guinness and some beef stock. From here, you'll need to let the stew simmer. This could take anywhere from one to three hours, but it's important not to rush this process. The slow simmer allows the flavors to develop and the beef to become tender. Now that you have your stew, it's time to assemble the pie. This step is where your dish will start to resemble the final product. Start by preheating your oven to 180°C (356°F). While the oven is preheating, roll out your puff pastry. You'll want it to be large enough to cover the top of your pie dish. Once your pastry is ready, pour your stew filling into the pie dish. Make sure to fill the dish, as the filling will reduce a bit during the baking process. Now it's time to add the pastry top. Carefully place the rolled-out pastry over the filling, pressing the edges to seal it. Brush the top of the pastry with a beaten egg. This will give your pie a nice, golden color. You're in the home stretch now. With your pie assembled, it's time to put it in the oven and let the heat do its work. Place your pie in the preheated oven and bake it for about 35-40 minutes, or until the pastry is golden-brown and crisp. You'll want to keep a close eye on your dish during this step, as the heat can quickly turn your perfect pastry from golden to burnt. While the pie is baking, refrain from opening the oven door too often. Doing so can lower the oven temperature and interfere with the pastry's ability to puff up and become flaky. Once the pie is baked to your liking, remove it from the oven and let it cool down a bit before serving. The filling will be very hot, and it's important to let it cool to avoid burning your tongue. After all your hard work, it's finally time to serve your English Beef and Stout Pie. This dish is best served hot, accompanied by a pint of your favorite stout. The flavors of the pie and stout complement each other wonderfully, creating a meal that's both comforting and indulgent. Cut the pie into slices and serve it up. Be ready for the compliments to roll in, as your guests savor the rich, hearty filling and the flaky, golden pastry. Your authentic English Beef and Stout Pie is sure to be a hit. In the end, the process of making a Beef and Stout Pie is a labor of love. It's a dish that requires time and patience, but the results are incredibly satisfying. It's a meal that warms the heart and belly, perfect for sharing with loved ones on a cold day. So go ahead, give this recipe a try and experience a taste of English tradition right in your own kitchen. The English Beef and Stout Pie is quite a hearty dish and can stand alone as a meal on its own. However, if you want to create a complete British pub-style meal, consider pairing your delectable pie with some traditional English sides. The Brits love serving pies with mushy peas, a classic side dish made from dried marrowfat peas which are soaked overnight and then simmered with a bit of sugar and salt until they break down into a thick, flavorful mash. The sweetness of the peas contrasts beautifully with the rich beef and stout pie filling. Another popular accompaniment is chips, or as known in America – fries. For an English twist, consider making triple-cooked chips: boiled, then fried, cooled, and refried for the crispiest chips possible. The contrast between the tender, flaky pie and the crunch of the chips is a match made in comfort food heaven. For a lighter side, a simple green salad dressed with a tangy vinaigrette can balance out the richness of the pie. An English garden salad would usually include lettuce, cucumber, tomato, radish, and perhaps some spring onions. Of course, don't forget the ale. An English Beef and Stout Pie just wouldn't be the same without a pint of stout or ale to go along with it. If you used Guinness in your pie, a pint of the same would be the perfect accompaniment. Creating an authentic English Beef and Stout Pie may seem daunting at first, but as this guide has shown, it's a process that any home cook can tackle. From selecting the right ingredients and preparing the stew filling, to crafting a gorgeous flaky puff pastry top and mastering the art of slow baking, it's a culinary journey that's worth every minute. Yes, it requires time and patience, but rest assured that the end product – a rich, hearty pie with a beautifully golden and flaky top, filled with tender beef and a deeply flavorful stout gravy – will be a testament to your culinary skills and a sure hit with family and friends. The whimsical tradition of English cuisine shines brightly in this dish, from the choice of a stout like Guinness to the use of a Dutch oven for slow cooking. Paired with crispy chips, sweet mushy peas, or a simple fresh salad, your Beef and Stout Pie transforms into a meal that's perfect for a cozy family dinner or a gathering with friends. So why not don your apron, preheat your oven, and get cracking on this masterpiece of comfort food? Your homemade steak and ale pie will not only give you a sense of accomplishment, but it'll also provide a delicious, warm, and hearty meal that's just perfect for those cold, cozy evenings. Your kitchen will be filled with the mouthwatering aroma of baking pie, making your home feel even more inviting. Enjoy this culinary adventure into the heart of traditional English cuisine. It's time to bake!
In today's global marketplace, shipping and delivery services play a crucial role in the supply chain. Companies operating within this sector are subject to a complex web of legal responsibilities and liabilities. Understanding these obligations is vital for businesses to manage risks, comply with regulations, and ensure efficient service delivery. Here we delves into the major legal frameworks governing shipping and delivery services, explores common liabilities, and provides guidance on compliance and risk management. Regulatory Framework The legal landscape for shipping and delivery services is shaped by both international and national laws. Internationally, conventions such as the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea (the Hamburg Rules) and the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) set out the rights and obligations of parties involved in the transportation of goods across borders. Nationally, laws vary but generally include regulations on transportation safety, customs and import regulations, employment, and environmental standards. Carriage of Goods One of the primary areas of legal responsibility in shipping and delivery pertains to the carriage of goods. Laws and conventions typically address issues such as the rights and obligations of shippers and carriers, documentation requirements, and limitations on liability. For instance, under the Hamburg Rules, a carrier is liable for the loss, damage, or delay of goods unless they can prove that they took all measures that could reasonably be expected to avoid the occurrence and its consequences. Contractual Obligations Contracts are fundamental to shipping and delivery services. These contracts, often detailed in bills of lading or freight agreements, define the terms and conditions of the service, including delivery timelines, payment terms, and liability clauses. Breach of contract can lead to disputes and significant financial liabilities, making it crucial for parties to carefully negotiate and adhere to these agreements. Common Liabilities in Shipping and Delivery Liabilities in shipping and delivery can arise from various sources: Loss or Damage to Goods The most common liability is for loss, damage, or delay of goods. Liability can depend on factors such as the nature of the goods, packaging, handling, and agreed terms. Insurance plays a crucial role here, providing financial protection against potential losses. Environmental Damage Carriers might also face liabilities for environmental damage, particularly in maritime shipping. International conventions like MARPOL and national laws impose strict liabilities on operators for oil spills and other forms of pollution. Third-party Claims Shipping and delivery services can be liable for injuries or damage to third parties. For example, if a delivery vehicle causes an accident, the service provider could be held responsible for injuries and damages involved. Compliance and Risk Management Effective risk management and compliance strategies are essential for minimizing exposure to liabilities. Here are some steps companies can take: Insurance Coverage Obtaining comprehensive insurance coverage is one of the most straightforward ways to mitigate financial risks associated with liabilities. Different types of insurance, such as cargo insurance, liability insurance, and environmental insurance, should be considered. Accurate Documentation Maintaining accurate and complete documentation is crucial. This includes contracts, bills of lading, delivery receipts, and customs documentation. Proper documentation can help resolve disputes and prove compliance with regulatory requirements. Training and Procedures Implementing robust training programs for employees and establishing clear operational procedures can help prevent accidents and errors that might lead to liabilities. Regular audits and reviews of these procedures ensure ongoing compliance and safety. Legal Compliance Staying updated with changes in international and national laws is crucial. Companies may benefit from working with legal experts specializing in maritime and transportation law to ensure they understand and comply with applicable regulations. For a practical application and further resources, you can visit https://www.shiply.com/ Navigating the complex legal responsibilities and liabilities in shipping and delivery requires a proactive approach. By understanding the regulatory framework, carefully managing contracts, securing appropriate insurance, and implementing effective risk management practices, companies can mitigate risks and enhance their service delivery. As the global trade landscape continues to evolve, staying informed and adaptable will be key to maintaining compliance and achieving success in the shipping and delivery sector.
The cryptocurrency market is known for its constant ups and downs in prices. This frequent change in prices is called volatility. Volatility means that crypto prices can rise or fall sharply over a short period. When an asset is volatile, its price movements are very unpredictable and unstable. Bitcoin, being the oldest and most well-known cryptocurrency, shows very high volatility compared to traditional currencies and assets like stocks or gold. The price of Bitcoin can change by large amounts in a single day. This volatility attracts traders who seek to profit from the price swings, but it also makes Bitcoin a risky investment. Causes of Crypto Volatility There are several reasons why cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin experience such high volatility: - Small Market Size The total value of all cryptocurrencies is still relatively small compared to traditional markets. This means that even a modest amount of trading can have a big impact on prices. - Speculation A large portion of crypto trading is driven by speculation rather than actual utility or underlying value. Speculative trading amplifies price movements in both directions. - Lack of Regulation Cryptocurrencies are largely unregulated, allowing for more manipulation and extreme trading practices that increase volatility. - News Events Crypto prices are highly reactive to news events, both positive and negative. Regulatory changes, hacks, or comments from influential people can trigger big price swings. - Market Psychology The fear of missing out (FOMO) and herd mentality play a role, with traders piling in or selling off based on crowd behavior rather than fundamentals. Volatility of Bitcoin As the oldest and largest cryptocurrency, Bitcoin exhibits extreme volatility that has become characteristic of the crypto space. Its price has seen multiple boom and bust cycles, with values fluctuating between a few hundred dollars and tens of thousands of dollars. In 2017, Bitcoin's price surged from around $1,000 to nearly $20,000 within a year, only to lose over 80% of its value in the following months. More recently, in 2021, Bitcoin reached the then all-time high of around $65,000 before crashing by over 50%. Mitigating Volatility Effects While crypto volatility cannot be eliminated entirely, there are strategies investors can use to mitigate its effects: - Dollar-Cost Averaging Instead of investing a lump sum, investors can spread out their investments over time by buying a fixed dollar amount regularly. This averages out the entry price and reduces the impact of volatility. - Diversification Building a diverse portfolio with different cryptocurrencies and asset types can help offset the volatility of any single holding. - Risk Management Using stop-loss orders, avoiding excessive leverage, and proper position sizing can help manage risk during volatile periods. - Long-Term Focus For long-term investors, trying to time the market is often counterproductive. Focusing on the long-term trends and fundamentals can help investors ride out short-term volatility. - Emotional Discipline It's important to avoid making impulsive, emotionally-driven decisions during periods of extreme volatility. Sticking to a well-thought-out investment plan is crucial. In summary, volatility is an inherent part of the cryptocurrency market, especially for Bitcoin. While it creates risks, volatility also presents opportunities for traders and investors who understand its causes and implement proper risk management strategies. As the market matures, some level of volatility is likely to persist, requiring participants to adapt accordingly.
Question from Carrie: What would be my dog have if she has a runny nose and breathing fast even when sleeping? She's eating well and acting normal. Answer from AI: When your dog has a runny nose and is breathing fast, even during sleep, it can be concerning. However, it's reassuring to hear she's eating well and acting normally otherwise. Let's explore what might be causing these symptoms and what steps you should consider taking. Possible Causes Several factors could be contributing to your dog's symptoms, including: - Allergies: Just like humans, dogs can suffer from allergies that affect their respiratory system, leading to symptoms like a runny nose and increased breathing rate. - Respiratory Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can cause these symptoms. While some infections are mild and resolve on their own, others require veterinary attention. - Environmental Factors: Smoke, dust, or other irritants in the environment can lead to respiratory discomfort. - Stress or Excitement: Dogs sometimes breathe faster when they're stressed or overly excited, even during sleep. When to Seek Veterinary Advice It's important to monitor your dog closely. Here are some signs that you should seek professional veterinary advice: - If the symptoms persist for more than a day or two. - Presence of other symptoms, such as coughing, sneezing, fever, lethargy, or a decrease in appetite. - If the discharge from the nose is colored (yellow, green, or bloody) rather than clear. - Difficulty breathing or excessive panting. Recommended Steps to Take While monitoring your dog, you can take some steps to help her feel more comfortable: - Ensure she stays hydrated. Fresh water should always be available. - Keep her in a clean, dust-free, and smoke-free environment. - Consider using a humidifier in the room where she sleeps to help ease her breathing. General Pet Care Guidelines Maintaining a regular veterinary check-up schedule is crucial for early detection and prevention of health issues. Additionally, keeping your home environment clean and free of irritants can help prevent respiratory problems. Self-Help Resources For more information on pet health and how to care for dogs with respiratory symptoms, reputable websites like the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) offer valuable resources. However, remember that online information should not replace professional veterinary advice. In summary, while a runny nose and fast breathing can be signs of minor issues like allergies or environmental irritants, they can also indicate more serious conditions. If your dog's symptoms persist or worsen, it's important to consult with a veterinarian to ensure her health and well-being.
Have you ever wondered why fish have such a variety of tail shapes? It turns out, the shape of a fish's tail can have a significant impact on its swimming abilities. From crescent-shaped tails that provide speed and agility, to fan-shaped tails that enhance maneuverability, each tail shape has its own special role in helping fish navigate through the water. In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of fish tails and uncover the unique advantages they offer to these underwater creatures. So get ready to dive into the depths of the ocean and discover the hidden secrets behind the role of different fish tails! Understanding Fish Anatomy Fish anatomy is the study of the physical features and structures that make up a fish's body. From their unique fins to their specialized tails, every part of a fish's anatomy plays a crucial role in its survival and successful adaptation to its environment. By understanding the different types of fish tails and their significance, we can gain insight into the fascinating world of fish locomotion, hunting strategies, and ecological behaviors. Overview of Fish Anatomy Fish have several distinct anatomical features that set them apart from other animals. They have streamlined bodies, scales that protect their skin, and fins that help with movement and stability in the water. One of the most remarkable features of fish anatomy is their tail, which plays a vital role in various aspects of their lives, including locomotion and prey hunting. Significance of Tail in Fish Anatomy The tail of a fish is a powerful and versatile tool that enables them to swim efficiently, maneuver swiftly, and hunt prey effectively. It consists of several interconnected bones and muscles, which work together to generate the propulsive force needed for movement. Different types of fish tails have adapted to suit different lifestyles and environments, showcasing the remarkable diversity in fish species. Types of Fish Tails Fish tails come in various shapes and sizes, each serving a specific purpose based on a fish's lifestyle and habitat. Let's explore some of the most common types of fish tails and their distinguishing features. Homocercal Tails Homocercal tails are symmetrical, with the upper and lower lobes of the tail being equal in size. This tail design provides balance and stability in the water, allowing fish to maintain a steady swimming speed. Species with homocercal tails typically inhabit open water environments. Heterocercal Tails Heterocercal tails have an uneven shape, with the upper lobe being longer and more prominent than the lower lobe. This tail structure is commonly found in sharks and rays and helps them maintain buoyancy and maneuverability, especially in turbulent water. The longer upper lobe provides lift, while the shorter lower lobe offers control. Diphycercal Tails Diphycercal tails are unique and mostly found in ancient fish species such as lungfish and coelacanths. They have a symmetrical appearance, with the vertebral column extending into the upper lobe of the tail. This tail design aids in stability and efficient propulsion, allowing these ancient fish to thrive in freshwater environments. Truncate Tails Truncate tails are characterized by their square or rounded shape, with both lobes of the tail being of equal length. This tail design is common in fish that reside in coral reefs, kelp forests, or rocky habitats. It offers quick bursts of speed, agility, and precise maneuverability, enabling fish to navigate through complex underwater structures. Lunate Tails Lunate tails, also known as crescent tails, have a distinctive crescent shape, with the upper lobe being longer and more pronounced than the lower lobe. This tail design is often seen in fast-swimming pelagic fish, such as tuna and swordfish. Lunate tails generate exceptional speed and endurance, allowing these fish to undertake long-distance migrations and pursue fast-moving prey. Homocercal Tails Defining Homocercal Tails Homocercal tails are symmetrical, with the upper and lower lobes being equal in size. This tail design provides balance, stability, and efficient propulsion for fish inhabiting open water environments. The even distribution of muscle power throughout both lobes allows for steady swimming speeds. Fish Species with Homocercal Tails Numerous fish species possess homocercal tails, including many freshwater and saltwater fish. Common examples include goldfish, trout, salmon, perch, bass, and most species of bony fish. These fish thrive in various aquatic habitats, from rivers and lakes to oceans and seas. Role of Homocercal Tails Homocercal tails are vital for maintaining stability and economy of motion in fish. The symmetrical tail design ensures that the propulsive force generated by the fish's muscles is evenly distributed, allowing for efficient propulsion and sustained swimming speeds. This tail shape is particularly advantageous for fish that need to cover long distances, such as migratory species. The balanced forces provided by the homocercal tail also aid in maintaining control and maneuverability in the water, allowing fish to navigate through complex environments with ease. Heterocercal Tails Defining Heterocercal Tails Heterocercal tails have an uneven shape, with the upper lobe being longer and more pronounced than the lower lobe. This unique tail structure is commonly seen in sharks and rays, as well as other fish species that need to maintain buoyancy and maneuverability in turbulent water. Fish Species with Heterocercal Tails Heterocercal tails are predominantly found in sharks, rays, and other cartilaginous fish. Some examples of fish species with heterocercal tails are great white sharks, hammerhead sharks, and manta rays. These fish are typically well-adapted to life in the ocean, where they face strong currents and changing water conditions. Role of Heterocercal Tails Heterocercal tails play a crucial role in maintaining buoyancy and providing control in sharks and rays. The longer upper lobe, or caudal fin, generates lift, allowing these fish to stay afloat and offset the negative buoyancy caused by their cartilaginous skeletons. The shorter lower lobe, or ventral fin, helps with steering and maneuverability in the water. The asymmetrical shape of the heterocercal tail allows for efficient swimming in turbulent waters, making it an adaptation well-suited for oceanic environments. Diphycercal Tails Defining Diphycercal Tails Diphycercal tails are characterized by their symmetrical appearance, with the vertebral column extending into the upper lobe of the tail. This unique tail design is most commonly found in ancient fish species, such as lungfish and coelacanths. Fish Species with Diphycercal Tails Diphycercal tails are primarily observed in lungfish and coelacanths, two ancient fish lineages that have survived for millions of years. These fish typically inhabit freshwater environments and have specific adaptations that allow them to breathe air. Lungfish, for example, have both gills and a lung-like organ, enabling them to survive in oxygen-depleted waters. Role of Diphycercal Tails The diphycercal tail design provides stability and efficient propulsion to fish living in freshwater environments. The symmetrical shape, coupled with the extension of the vertebral column, aids in maintaining balance and control during swimming. This tail type allows fish to move through still or slow-moving water with precision and stability, enhancing their ability to navigate their habitat and find food. Truncate Tails Defining Truncate Tails Truncate tails, also known as square tails, have a square or rounded shape, with both lobes of the tail being of equal length. This tail design is commonly seen in fish that reside in coral reefs, kelp forests, or rocky habitats. Fish Species with Truncate Tails Truncate tails are found in a variety of fish species that inhabit marine environments with complex structures. Examples include angelfish, damselfish, wrasses, and several species of coral reef fish. These fish are adapted to maneuvering through tight spaces and require precise control and agility in their movements. Role of Truncate Tails Truncate tails offer several advantages for fish navigating through coral reefs, kelp forests, and rocky habitats. The symmetrical shape provides quick bursts of speed and agility, allowing fish to escape potential predators or chase down prey. The equal length of the lobes provides stability and control, enabling precise movements and turning. Fish with truncate tails can easily navigate through narrow crevices and intricate coral formations, maximizing their ability to locate food and find shelter. Lunate Tails Defining Lunate Tails Lunate tails, also known as crescent tails, have a distinctive crescent shape, with the upper lobe being longer and more pronounced than the lower lobe. This tail design is commonly seen in fast-swimming pelagic fish, such as tuna and swordfish. Fish Species with Lunate Tails Lunate tails are prevalent in fish species that inhabit the open ocean, particularly those engaged in fast and sustained swimming. Some examples include tuna, swordfish, marlins, and sailfish. These fish are known for their exceptional speed and endurance, allowing them to cover extensive distances in pursuit of prey. Role of Lunate Tails Lunate tails are specifically adapted for high-speed swimming and long-distance migrations in open water environments. The increased surface area of the longer upper lobe allows for greater lift and thrust, propelling the fish forward with remarkable speed and efficiency. The crescent shape minimizes drag, reducing the energy expenditure required for sustained swimming. Lunate tails grant fish the ability to chase down swift prey and undertake long migrations, making them dominant predators in their aquatic ecosystems. Fish Tail And Locomotion Understanding Fish Locomotion Fish have mastered the art of underwater movement, utilizing their tails in conjunction with other fins to propel themselves through the water. The shape and structure of the tail play a crucial role in determining the type of locomotion a fish can achieve. The versatile range of tail shapes found in different fish species enables a variety of swimming styles and speeds. Significance of Tail in Fish Locomotion The tail is the primary source of locomotion for fish, allowing them to accelerate, decelerate, and change direction in the water. The muscles located within the tail, known as the caudal muscles, generate the propulsive force that drives the fish forward. The shape and flexibility of the tail determine the efficiency and speed at which a fish can swim. By using synchronized contractions and relaxations of their muscular tail, fish propel themselves through the water, gliding gracefully or darting swiftly, depending on their needs. Fish Tail and Prey Hunting Types of Prey Hunting Among Fish Fish employ various strategies to capture their prey, depending on their specific ecological niche and the availability of food sources. Some fish are ambush predators that lie in wait to pounce on unsuspecting prey, while others are active hunters that chase down their meals. The tail plays a significant role in these hunting techniques, aiding fish in their pursuit and capture of prey. Role of Tail in Fish Prey Hunting The tail serves as a powerful tool when it comes to hunting prey. Fish with strong and flexible tails can quickly change direction and maneuver, allowing them to ambush prey or engage in high-speed pursuits. The efficiency of the tail's propulsion enables fish to swim swiftly in short bursts to capture fast-moving prey. The symmetrical or asymmetrical shape of the tail tailors its functionality to the specific hunting style of the fish. The tail's crucial role in prey hunting highlights its evolutionary significance and adaptation to diverse hunting strategies across different fish species. Effect of Tail Shape on Fish Ecology Fish Ecology Overview Fish ecology is the study of how fish interact with their environment and other organisms within their ecosystem. The shape and characteristics of a fish's tail can profoundly impact its ecological behavior and influence factors such as habitat selection, feeding habits, and predator-prey dynamics. Impact of Tail Types on Habitat Selection Different tail types provide distinct advantages for fish inhabiting particular environments. For example, fish with lunate or homocercal tails are well-suited for open water habitats, allowing them to cover large distances and navigate through expansive areas. On the other hand, fish with truncate or diphycercal tails are better adapted to intricate and structurally complex habitats like coral reefs and kelp forests, where agility and precise maneuverability are essential. The tail shape of a fish can thus determine its preferred habitat and influence its ability to survive and thrive within its ecological niche. Influence of Tail Shape on Fish Behavior The tail shape of a fish can also influence its behavior in various ways. Fish with lunate or heterocercal tails, designed for speed and endurance, may exhibit migratory behavior, undertaking long-distance journeys to find food or reproduce. Fish with truncate tails, suited for maneuvering through confined spaces, may display territorial behavior, defending their home range within a specific habitat. Additionally, the tail shape can affect a fish's interactions with other species, such as prey-predator relationships. The ability to swiftly and precisely move the tail plays a critical role in the success of hunting and evading capture, shaping the behavior and ecological interactions of fish. In conclusion, fish tails are remarkable adaptations that have evolved to suit various lifestyles, habitats, and hunting strategies. The diversity in tail shapes, from homocercal to heterocercal, diphycercal to truncate, and lunate, reflects the incredible adaptability of fish to their aquatic environments. The tail is a multifunctional organ, crucial for locomotion, prey hunting, and ecological behaviors. By understanding the role of different fish tails, we gain a deeper appreciation for the incredible diversity and complexity of the natural world and the evolutionary wonders that shape the lives of these aquatic creatures.
For Pastor Jamail Johnson, health education isn't just about passing along information. It's about creating a new future for yourself, your community and the people you love. "This work is an opportunity to really establish a new normal for my family for generations to come," says Pastor Jamail Johnson, Executive Director of the African American Male Wellness Agency (AAMWA) in Houston. Too many Black men in the U.S. experience negative health outcomes, and have worse morbidity and mortality rates than nearly all other racial groups. It's something Pastor Johnson has seen in his own family. He lost his 45-year-old brother-in-law to a heart attack, his father had prostate cancer and his uncle died of colon cancer. Through AAMWA, which works to save the lives of Black men and their families by improving their physical, mental and financial health, Pastor Johnson is helping ensure that other Black men in Houston don't endure the same fate. "The work that we're doing in Houston is monumental," said Pastor Johnson. "Thanks to our programs and initiatives and the intentionality behind them, we're helping to restore health in our communities." While AAMWA is focused on improving the lives of Black men and their families, they are inclusive of everyone, working to ensure that their services can reach everyone who needs them. "We take an unapologetic approach to invite everyone to the table," he said. Bridging the health equity gap in Houston Houston's Black and Brown communities face stark racial health disparities. Black people living in Houston are disproportionately impacted by chronic diseases, such as obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral arterial disease, stroke and kidney disease, compared to their white counterparts. Pastor Johnson notes that the geography of the University of Houston provides a clear example of how these disparities can play out. On one side of the university is one of the nation's sickest zip codes, while on the other is one of the nation's leading medical centers. To Pastor Johnson, this underscores the vital importance of AAMWA and this community wellness event in Houston. "AAMWA is a bridge, providing boots on the ground in the community for partners like Johnson & Johnson. To be that bridge is something that brings me great joy," said Pastor Johnson. Houston Black Men's Wellness Day: Health Fair & 5K Walk AAMWA's second annual Houston Black Men's Wellness Day: Health Fair & 5K Walk is an inclusive event open to everyone. It will include a 5K walk and run, partner-led health screenings and resources, live entertainment and family- friendly fun. During last year's debut event, AAMWA hosted the largest health and wellness event in Houston. This year, its ambitious goal is to go bigger by hosting10,000 Houstonians and screen over 1,000 men. Over the last two years, My Health Can't Wait has supported community wellness events like the one being held in Houston in cities across the United States to empower patients with resources to take control of their health. Together with partners, including AAMWA, the events have reached over 100,000 people, delivered 16,000 partner-led health screenings and distributed 35,000 packets of educational materials to communities of color. Looking towards the future, Pastor Johnson hopes to scale AAMWA's impact across the world. "Wherever there are Black people, health disparities exist. I want to see us in every city, being supported across the country," he said. Health equity is a collective effort, and Johnson & Johnson is dedicated to driving change both within and alongside the communities impacted by health disparities. By supporting AAMWA and other community organizations, Johnson & Johnson is helping to make health equity a reality for everyone.
Disclaimer: This post may contain affiliate links. As Amazon Associates we earn commission from qualifying purchases. Numerology is a fascinating concept that allows us to uncover the spiritual meaning behind numbers and their influence on various aspects of our lives. In this article, we will explore the spiritual significance of number 16381 and delve into its impact on love, money, symbolism, and relationships. Understanding the Concept of Numerology Numerology is the belief in the mystical interpretation of numbers and their significance in our lives. It is based on the idea that each number carries a unique vibrational energy and can offer insights into our personalities, life path, and destiny. Have you ever wondered if there is a deeper meaning behind the numbers that appear in your life? Numerology provides a fascinating perspective on the hidden messages that numbers can hold. By understanding the principles of numerology, you can unlock a new level of self-awareness and gain valuable insights into your journey. The History of Numerology Numerology has ancient roots and can be traced back to various civilizations, including ancient Egypt, Greece, and China. These cultures recognized the power of numbers and believed in their ability to shape human experiences. In ancient Egypt, for example, numbers were not just seen as mathematical symbols but were also considered sacred. They were believed to hold the key to unlocking the mysteries of the universe and understanding the divine order of things. The ancient Greeks also embraced numerology, viewing it as a way to decipher the hidden meanings behind events and occurrences. As numerology spread throughout different cultures, it underwent various transformations and adaptations. Different systems and methods were developed, each with its own unique approach to interpreting numbers and their vibrations. Over time, a set of basic principles were developed to understand numerology. These principles form the foundation of the practice and serve as a guide for interpreting the meaning behind specific numbers. The Basic Principles of Numerology 1. Each number has a vibrational energy that influences different aspects of life. Numbers are not just abstract symbols; they carry a specific energy that can impact various aspects of our lives. Just as different musical notes create different melodies, each number resonates with a particular vibration that can shape our experiences and personalities. For example, the number 1 is associated with leadership, independence, and individuality. People who resonate with this number often have a strong sense of self and a drive to succeed. On the other hand, the number 2 represents harmony, cooperation, and balance. Those who align with this number are often diplomatic and have a natural talent for bringing people together. 2. Numbers can be reduced to a single-digit through addition. In numerology, numbers are often reduced to a single-digit by adding their individual digits together. This process is known as digit summing or digit reduction. By reducing a number to its core essence, we can gain a deeper understanding of its significance. For example, let's take the number 16381. To reduce it to a single-digit, we add 1 + 6 + 3 + 8 + 1, which equals 19. We then add 1 + 9, which equals 10. Finally, we add 1 + 0, which gives us the reduced number of 1. This process allows us to distill the essence of the number and uncover its hidden meanings. 3. Certain numbers, known as master numbers, hold significant power and are not reduced to a single-digit. While most numbers are reduced to a single-digit in numerology, there are exceptions. Certain numbers, known as master numbers, hold significant power and are not reduced any further. These master numbers include 11, 22, and 33. Master numbers are considered to be highly spiritual and possess a unique vibration that sets them apart from other numbers. They are often associated with individuals who have a profound impact on the world and possess great potential for personal and spiritual growth. Understanding the concept of numerology opens up a world of possibilities. By delving into the mystical realm of numbers, we can gain valuable insights into ourselves and the world around us. Whether you're seeking guidance on your life path or simply curious about the hidden meanings behind numbers, numerology offers a fascinating journey of self-discovery. The Spiritual Significance of Number 16381 Number 16381 carries a profound spiritual significance that encompasses love, money, symbolism, and relationships. Let's explore these aspects in detail. When it comes to love, number 16381 signifies a deep and passionate connection. It represents a union that goes beyond the physical realm, where souls intertwine and create a bond that is unbreakable. Those influenced by this number are likely to experience intense and transformative relationships that bring both joy and growth. In terms of money, 16381 symbolizes abundance and prosperity. It signifies that financial success is within reach and that one's hard work and dedication will be rewarded. This number serves as a reminder to stay focused and determined, as wealth and abundance are on the horizon. Symbolically, 16381 represents the power of manifestation. It reminds individuals of their innate ability to bring their thoughts and desires into reality. This number encourages people to tap into their creativity and use it as a tool for personal and spiritual growth. Furthermore, number 16381 holds significance in relationships. It signifies the importance of maintaining a balance between independence and connection. People influenced by this number are encouraged to embrace their individuality while also nurturing their relationships with others. The Vibrational Energy of 16381 The vibrational energy of 16381 is characterized by a strong sense of determination, independence, and creativity. People influenced by this number are often driven and have a natural ability to manifest their desires into reality. Additionally, the vibrational energy of 16381 encourages individuals to embrace their inner strength and find balance in their lives. It empowers them to overcome obstacles and achieve personal growth and fulfillment. Moreover, this number's energy promotes self-expression and encourages individuals to explore their creative talents. It inspires them to think outside the box and find innovative solutions to challenges they may face. The Angelic Message Behind 16381 The angelic message conveyed by the number 16381 is one of divine guidance and support. It signifies that the angels are guiding and protecting you on your life journey. Seeing this number frequently is a reminder to trust in the divine plan and have faith in your abilities. The angels are encouraging you to follow your passions and pursue your dreams with confidence and determination. Furthermore, the angels are reminding you to listen to your intuition and trust the signs and synchronicities that come your way. They are always by your side, offering their love and support, ready to assist you in any way they can. In conclusion, the spiritual significance of number 16381 encompasses various aspects of life, including love, money, symbolism, and relationships. Its vibrational energy empowers individuals to manifest their desires, find balance, and tap into their creativity. The angelic message behind this number reminds us to trust in divine guidance and follow our passions. Embracing the spiritual significance of 16381 can lead to a more fulfilling and purposeful life. The Love Aspect of Number 16381 Love is a fundamental aspect of human existence, and number 16381 holds a special significance in matters of the heart. But what exactly does this number entail when it comes to matters of love? Let's explore further. How 16381 Influences Love and Relationships Those influenced by the energy of 16381 are often passionate and romantic individuals. They approach love with intensity and seek deep emotional connections with their partners. They believe that love is not just a fleeting emotion, but a profound experience that can truly transform their lives. Furthermore, the energy of 16381 encourages individuals to be authentic in relationships, promoting open communication and vulnerability. It urges them to prioritize love and invest in nurturing and strengthening their connections. This number reminds us that love requires effort and commitment, but the rewards are immeasurable. Moreover, those who resonate with the energy of 16381 possess a natural ability to understand and empathize with their partners. They have a keen intuition that allows them to sense the needs and desires of their loved ones, creating a strong emotional bond. The Role of 16381 in Attracting Love Number 16381 carries a magnetic energy that can attract love into your life. By embodying the qualities associated with this number, such as confidence, creativity, and determination, you increase your chances of attracting a fulfilling and loving relationship. Additionally, the vibrational energy of 16381 prompts you to love yourself unconditionally and be open to receiving love from others. It reminds you to maintain a positive mindset and believe in the power of love. When you radiate love and positivity, you become a magnet for love, drawing it towards you effortlessly. Furthermore, those influenced by 16381 often find themselves in serendipitous encounters and unexpected connections. The universe aligns in their favor, bringing forth opportunities for love and romance. They have a natural charm and charisma that effortlessly attracts potential partners, making them irresistible to others. In conclusion, number 16381 is not just a mere combination of digits, but a powerful force that can shape and enhance our experiences in love and relationships. By embracing the qualities associated with this number, we can open ourselves up to a world of deep connections, passionate romance, and unconditional love. The Monetary Implication of Number 16381 Money plays a crucial role in our lives, and number 16381 offers valuable insights into its financial implications. The Connection Between 16381 and Financial Success Individuals influenced by the energy of 16381 often possess strong entrepreneurial instincts and a natural affinity for financial success. They are resourceful and have the ability to manifest abundance in their lives. The vibrational energy of 16381 encourages individuals to pursue their passions and take calculated risks in their financial endeavors. It reminds them that they have the power to attract wealth and create financial stability. How 16381 Can Influence Your Money Decisions When faced with financial decisions, the energy of 16381 urges individuals to trust their intuition and make choices aligned with their long-term goals. It reminds them to be mindful of their spending habits and seek balance between financial security and personal fulfillment. The Symbolism of Number 16381 Numbers often carry symbolic meanings, and number 16381 is no exception. Let's explore the hidden symbols behind this powerful number. The Hidden Symbols Behind 16381 16381 symbolizes growth, transformation, and embracing change. It signifies that individuals influenced by this number are destined for personal and spiritual evolution. Furthermore, 16381 serves as a reminder to embrace the journey of life, with its ups and downs, as it is through these experiences that we discover our true purpose and potential. The Spiritual Symbols Associated with 16381 From a spiritual perspective, 16381 represents the divine guidance and presence in our lives. It symbolizes the angels' support and the universe's alignment with our desires when we embrace our spiritual path. Seeing this number is a sign to trust in the divine timing of events and have faith that everything is unfolding as it should. It urges us to stay connected with our spiritual selves and seek guidance from within. In conclusion, the spiritual meaning of number 16381 encompasses love, money, symbolism, and relationships. Understanding the vibrational energy and significance of this number allows us to tap into its power and make positive changes in various aspects of our lives. Embrace the spiritual messages behind 16381 and unlock the limitless potential it holds. Navigate Your Path: Your Number Guide to Better Decisions! Ever feel stuck making tough choices? Step into the amazing world of numerology! It's like having a secret key to understand your life's journey and make decisions with confidence. Get your FREE, personalized numerology reading, and turn your struggles into strengths.
It may not be the first topic you bring up at the dining room table, but there's no need to suffer in silence when it comes to period poops. There are thousands, if not millions, who share the experience – and don't pretend like you don't know what we're talking about – whether you get a runny tummy, cramping that's definitely not coming from your uterus, or days of constipation and the long-overdue relief of that mid-period mega poo, the majority of us are familiar with peculiar changes to our digestive systems around the time of our periods. Society may be more tolerant on topics that have formerly been seen as taboo, but there are certain subjects that struggle to get the air time they deserve and period poops definitely fall under this category. Maybe they're too graphic or too earthy, but our motto at GLAMOUR HQ is that no topic is too taboo, especially when it comes to bodily functions. To help break the taboo as well as answer any queries you may have, we asked Dr Alona Pulde, Health Advisory Board member for leading nutrition app Lifesum to answer every question you may have, from how do periods affect digestions, to how to alleviate symptoms. Plus, with World Digestive Health Day taking place on 29th May, it's the perfect time to address common digestive concerns like period poops. How do periods affect digestion? As with so many changes to our bodies including acne, mood swings and hair loss, hormones are often the root cause, especially when it comes to digestive problems around the time of your period. "Hormone fluctuations result in digestive changes before and during the menstrual cycle," explains Dr Pulde. "Progesterone increases after ovulation and with it symptoms of gas, bloating, and constipation prior to your period." Luckily, these symptoms typically resolve once you begin bleeding when progesterone levels drop and prostaglandins are released. However, you may experience different digestive issues after this stage. "Prostagladins, which are hormone-like substances, can result in more frequent bowel movements and even diarrhoea lasting through the first few days of your period." What are the best ways to alleviate symptoms? The good news is that simple diet and lifestyle changes can help alleviate the digestive discomfort accompanying your menstrual cycle. "High fibre foods help keep you regular so increase your fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes," recommends Dr Pulde. Another simple lifestyle hack is to make sure you incorporate gentle exercise into your regime if you experience symptoms. "Physical movement helps with bowel movement so make sure to include physical activity into your daily routine." Finally, Dr Pulde recommends avoiding certain trigger foods including foods high in salt, fat or sugar along with spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine and dairy that could make matters worse. Want to delve deeper into your digestive habits? Here's what your poo says about your overall health. We've also investigated how to tell if your vaginal discharge is healthy, what to do if you have a spotty bottom that just won't go away, and the signs and symptoms of genital herpes everyone should be aware of. Happy reading! This article was originally published on Glamour UK.
Early 20th Century Cleveland boasted about half a dozen amusement parks. Well known examples included Euclid Beach Park, Luna Park, White City, and Forest City Park. All of them were direct descendants of Coney Island in New York—a destination that set the pattern for urban amusement parks for decades to come. The heyday of these parks lasted 70 years, from 1895 to 1965. They relied on a densely packed urban population who had some disposable income and ready access to local streetcar lines. Many of these parks' officials did not anticipate the onslaught of automobile traffic that would later come. The lack of parking facilities was an omission that would cost some of them dearly by the mid-20th Century. The best-known Cleveland amusement parks were concentrated on the city's east side. An exception was Puritas Springs Park—established in 1900 in the West Park Kamm's Corners neighborhood. The Cleveland and Berea Street Railway had purchased the property six years earlier and subsequently created the park to increase traffic on its interurban . It opened for business on June 10, 1900—the first day the interurban ran right to the front gates of the park. To describe it initially as an amusement park was a bit of a stretch. It originally included a campground, picnic grove, and a dance hall. Mechanical rides came later. Steam carousel operator John Gooding, who first leased land from the railway in 1898 to install one of his carousels, bought Puritas Springs Park from the railway in June 1915. He added an indoor roller rink and various rides. He also constructed a house on the property, where he lived until his death in the 1930s. Lawrence "Jungle Larry" Tetzlaff and his wife, Nancy "Safari Jane"—perhaps best known for their tenure at Cedar Point and appearances on the kids show "Captain Penny" on WEWS Channel 5 from the 1950s to the1970s—also ran a small circus out of the park in the summers of 1957 and 1958. The park was located on the north side of Puritas Road, just at the point where it plunges down a steep hillside into what is now the Cleveland Metroparks . Puritas Springs Park in its heydayOriginally known for a medicinal spring on the property where Puritas Mineral Spring Company bottled and sold the mineral water, Puritas Springs is best remembered today for its roller coaster, known as the Cyclone. Designed by John A. Miller, The Cyclone first began operating on June 10, 1928, and quickly earned a reputation as one of the area's most unforgettable roller coasters—being the highest and fastest coaster in Cleveland. Taking full advantage of its location right on the edge of the valley, an 87-foot drop gave riders the illusion of falling at high speed to the Rocky River valley floor. While urban legend credits several deaths to this coaster, only one can be confirmed: an incident in 1953 when a rider said to be under the influence of alcohol fell to his death. The Cyclone lasted just three more years—the high cost of maintenance leading to the coaster's final run in 1956. Today, it is included on a list of memorable lost roller coasters compiled by the Smithsonian Institution. By the mid-1950s, the handwriting was on the wall for these early 20th Century amusement parks. Changing demographics and competition from other forms of recreation cut attendance drastically. The streetcars and interurbans that once dropped patrons off at the park entrancewere a thing of the past, and improved roads and the widespread use of cars encouraged people to go wherever they wished. After a 60-year run, Puritas Springs Park closed for good on Labor Day in 1958. The following spring, a fire significantly damaged buildings and the roller coaster. The coaster itself survived as a ruin with large segments toppled to the ground on the wooded hillside as late as the 1970s. Today, the site hosts the Parkridge Apartments. West Park Historical Society created the wording and sponsored the placement of an Ohio Historical Marker for Puritas Springs Park on the corner of Puritas and W. 194th Intrepid hikers on the property note remnants of the Cyclone to this day. Otherwise, all that survives to indicate t the park's existence is a state historical marker at the park's original entrance—and the collective memory of the few remaining patrons who were sure they were about to ride the Cyclone straight to the bottom of the Rocky River valley. Cleveland Masterworks is sponsored by the Cleveland Restoration Society, celebrating 50 years of preserving Cleveland's landmarks and cultural heritage. Cleveland Restoration Society preserves houses through the Heritage Home Program. Experience history by taking a journey on Cleveland's African American Civil Rights Trail. Become a member today! Recently retired after a 37-year career teaching public speaking, Tom Matowitz has had a lifelong interest in local and regional history. Working as a freelance author for the past 20 years he has written a number of books and articles about Cleveland's past. He has a particular interest in the area's rich architectural history.
Achieve Financial Stability and Wealth Growth – Explore the primary goals of financial management, from debt reduction to tax planning. Unlock the secrets to long-term financial security and prosperity. In the fast-paced world of primary goals of financial management and economics, the art of wealth creation stands as a paramount goal for many individuals and families. It's a journey filled with challenges, strategic planning, and disciplined execution. This article delves into the intricate details of financial management, offering insights into the primary goals that can pave the way for lasting prosperity. I. Introduction A. The importance of financial management Effective financial management is the cornerstone of wealth creation. It entails the careful orchestration of your financial resources to achieve both short-term and long-term objectives. By mastering this art, you not only secure your financial future but also gain the freedom to pursue your dreams and passions. B. The journey to wealth creation Wealth creation is not an overnight endeavor. It's a lifelong journey that requires dedication, patience, and continuous learning. Understanding the path ahead is crucial, and that's what this article aims to illuminate. C. Overview of primary goals Before we embark on this financial odyssey, let's outline the primary goals that will serve as our guiding stars: II. Setting Clear Financial Goals A. Defining your financial objectives The first step in wealth creation is to set clear, achievable financial goals. Whether it's buying a home, funding your child's education, or retiring comfortably, defining your objectives gives you a purpose-driven approach to managing your finances. >Clarity and Purpose: Defining your primary goals of financial management objectives provides clarity and purpose to your financial decisions. It transforms vague desires into concrete goals. For example, instead of vaguely wanting to "save money," you might set a specific goal like "save $10,000 for a down payment on a house in five years." This level of clarity allows you to work towards a well-defined target. >Motivation: Specific financial objectives can be highly motivating. When you have a clear goal in mind, you're more likely to stay focused and disciplined in your financial efforts. It provides a reason to save, invest, and make wise financial choices. >Prioritization: Not all financial goals are created equal. Some are short-term, while others are long-term. Defining your objectives helps you prioritize them. For instance, if you have both short-term goals like paying off high-interest credit card debt and long-term goals like saving for retirement, you can allocate your resources more effectively when you know which goals to tackle first. >Measurement: Financial objectives should be specific and measurable. This means you can track your progress over time. Measuring progress not only keeps you accountable but also allows you to celebrate small victories along the way. It's a source of motivation and reinforcement. >Resource Allocation: Your financial objectives dictate how you allocate your resources—your income, savings, and investments. When you know what you're working towards, you can allocate your money strategically. For example, if your objective is to retire comfortably, you'll likely prioritize contributions to retirement accounts. B. Short-term vs. long-term goals Financial goals can be categorized into short-term and long-term. Short-term goals typically span one to three years and may include building an emergency fund or paying off high-interest debt. Long-term goals, on the other hand, extend beyond three years and involve strategies like retirement planning and wealth accumulation. C. The SMART goal framework To ensure your financial goals are effective, employ the SMART criteria: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. This framework empowers you to set goals that are both realistic and motivating. D. The psychology of goal setting Understanding the psychology of goal setting is essential. It involves harnessing the power of visualization, positive reinforcement, and maintaining a growth mindset. These psychological tools will keep you on track when facing financial challenges. III. Budgeting for Success A. Creating a comprehensive budget Budgeting is the roadmap to financial success. Start by documenting your income and expenses. A comprehensive budget empowers you to allocate funds strategically, ensuring that every dollar serves a purpose. >Financial Control: Budgeting allows you to take control of your finances. It gives you a clear picture of your income, expenses, and financial obligations, allowing you to make informed decisions about how to allocate your money. >Goal Achievement: A budget serves as a roadmap for achieving your financial goals. Whether you're saving for a down payment on a house, paying off debt, or planning a vacation, a budget helps you allocate funds toward your specific objectives. >Expense Awareness: Creating a budget forces you to track your spending habits. You become more aware of where your money is going, which can reveal areas where you may be overspending or making unnecessary purchases. >Debt Reduction: For those with debt, a budget is a powerful tool for managing and reducing debt. By allocating extra funds to debt repayment in your budget, you can accelerate your journey to becoming debt-free. >Emergency Fund: Budgeting includes setting aside funds for unexpected expenses, emergencies, or contingencies. This financial cushion, often referred to as an emergency fund, provides peace of mind and financial stability when unforeseen events occur. B. Tracking income and expenses To effectively manage your finances, track your income and expenses diligently. This practice provides insights into spending patterns, allowing you to make informed decisions and identify areas for potential savings. C. Identifying areas for cost reduction Optimizing your budget often involves identifying areas where you can cut costs without sacrificing your quality of life. It could mean renegotiating bills, finding cost-effective alternatives, or eliminating unnecessary expenses. D. The role of emergency funds Financial stability is bolstered by having an emergency fund. This safety net ensures you can weather unexpected financial storms without derailing your long-term goals. IV. Building a Strong Financial Foundation A. The importance of savings Saving is the bedrock of wealth creation. By consistently setting aside a portion of your income, you accumulate capital for investments and future financial opportunities. B. Strategies for debt management Managing debt is pivotal. Prioritize high-interest debt repayment while being strategic about leveraging low-interest debt for wealth-building purposes. C. Establishing an emergency fund We've already touched on this, but it's worth emphasizing again. An emergency fund provides peace of mind and financial security when life throws curveballs. D. Building a strong credit history A robust credit history is essential for accessing favorable financial opportunities. Pay bills on time, keep credit card balances low, and monitor your credit report for accuracy. V. Investing Wisely A. Understanding investment options Investing is where wealth truly accelerates. Educate yourself about various investment vehicles, such as stocks, bonds, real estate, and mutual funds, to make informed decisions. B. Risk tolerance and diversification Assess your risk tolerance and diversify your investments accordingly. Diversification spreads risk and increases the potential for long-term gains. C. Creating an investment portfolio Build a well-balanced investment portfolio aligned with your financial goals. Regularly review and adjust it to stay on track. D. The power of compound interest Compound interest is a wealth-building marvel. Reinvesting earnings allows your investments to grow exponentially over time. VI. Tax Planning and Optimization A. The impact of taxes on wealth creation Taxes can significantly affect your wealth. Implement tax-efficient strategies to minimize your tax burden legally. B. Strategies for tax efficiency Utilize tax-efficient investment accounts, deductions, and credits to optimize your tax situation. C. Tax-advantaged accounts and investments Explore tax-advantaged accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs, as well as investments with tax benefits such as municipal bonds. D. Working with tax professionals Tax laws can be complex. Engage with tax professionals to ensure you're taking full advantage of tax-saving opportunities. VII. Protecting Your Wealth A. The role of insurance in financial planning Insurance safeguards your wealth from unforeseen events. Consider life, health, home, and auto insurance to protect your assets. B. Types of insurance to consider Tailor your insurance coverage to your specific needs, ensuring comprehensive protection for your financial well-being. C. Estate planning and wealth transfer Prepare for the future by creating an estate plan. This ensures a smooth transfer of assets to your heirs while minimizing estate taxes. D. Preparing for unexpected events Unforeseen circumstances can disrupt even the most well-laid plans. Maintain an emergency fund and insurance coverage to shield your wealth. VIII. Monitoring and Adjusting Your Financial Plan A. Regular financial check-ins Frequent reviews of your financial plan are essential. They allow you to track progress, identify deviations, and make timely adjustments. B. Making necessary adjustments Life is dynamic. Be ready to adapt your financial plan to changing circumstances, whether it's a new job, a growing family, or unexpected expenses. C. Adapting to life changes Life events like marriage, childbirth, or retirement necessitate adjustments to your financial strategy. D. Seeking professional guidance When in doubt, consult financial advisors who can provide expert guidance tailored to your unique circumstances. IX. Mindset and Psychology of Wealth Creation A. The role of mindset in financial success A positive and disciplined mindset is critical for overcoming financial challenges and staying the course toward wealth creation. B. Overcoming common money beliefs and biases Identify and challenge common money beliefs and biases that may hinder your financial progress. C. Cultivating financial discipline Discipline is the key to consistently making wise primary goals of financial management choices. Develop habits that reinforce financial discipline. D. Staying motivated on the wealth creation journey Stay motivated by celebrating milestones, visualizing your financial success, and seeking support from mentors and like-minded individuals. X. Case Studies and Success Stories A. Real-life examples of successful wealth creation Drawing inspiration from real-life success stories showcases the tangible benefits of effective primary goals of financial management B. Lessons learned from those who achieved financial independence Learn from those who have successfully achieved financial independence and uncover their key strategies. C. Insights from experts and influencers Gaining insights from financial experts and influencers can provide valuable perspectives and strategies to enhance your wealth creation journey. XI. Conclusion A. Recap of primary financial management goals Throughout this comprehensive guide, we've explored the primary goals of financial management, which include setting clear financial objectives, budgeting, building a strong financial foundation, investing wisely, optimizing taxes, protecting your wealth, monitoring and adjusting your financial plan, and cultivating the right mindset. B. The ongoing process of wealth creation Wealth creation is not a destination; it's a lifelong journey. Continue to educate yourself, adapt to changing circumstances, and stay committed to your primary goals of financial management goals. C. Encouragement and inspiration for readers to embark on their financial journey towards wealth creation As you embark on your journey to wealth creation, remember that every step you take brings you closer to financial freedom and security. Stay persistent, stay informed, and stay focused on your primary goals of financial management dreams. FAQs on Primary Goals of Financial Management What are the primary goals of financial management? The primary goals of financial management are to achieve financial stability, grow wealth, and ensure long-term financial security. These goals encompass various aspects of managing one's finances, from budgeting and saving to investing wisely and minimizing debt. Why is it important to define clear financial objectives? Defining clear financial objectives is essential because it provides focus and direction to your financial efforts. It helps you prioritize goals, allocate resources effectively, and measure progress toward achieving your desired financial outcomes. What is the role of budgeting in financial management? Budgeting plays a pivotal role in financial management as it helps individuals and households track income and expenses, allocate funds to specific goals, and maintain financial discipline. It serves as a roadmap for achieving financial objectives. How can I effectively reduce debt as part of financial management? To reduce debt effectively, consider strategies such as prioritizing high-interest debt, making consistent payments, and avoiding incurring new debt. Creating a debt repayment plan within your budget can expedite the process. What is an emergency fund, and why is it important in financial management? An emergency fund is a dedicated savings account designed to cover unexpected expenses or emergencies, such as medical bills or car repairs. It is vital in financial management because it provides financial security and prevents the need to rely on high-interest loans or credit cards during emergencies.
ANCEL V6 Pro: Key Programming Immobilizer ANCEL V6 Pro: In the realm of automotive security, the immobilizer system plays a crucial role in deterring theft by preventing the engine from starting unless the correct key is used. The ANCEL V6 Pro Bluetooth Bidirectional Scan Tool emerges as a premier solution, offering a comprehensive array of features designed to streamline diagnostics and maintenance. This state-of-the-art tool not only provides full system diagnostics but also integrates advanced functions like 25 service resets, ABS bleeding, and key programming, making it an indispensable asset for both professional mechanics and automotive enthusiasts. Understanding Immobilizer Systems An immobilizer is an electronic security device fitted to an automobile that prevents the engine from running unless the correct transponder car key is present. This system is a critical component in modern automotive security, offering protection against vehicle theft that surpasses previous deterrents like simple lock mechanisms or alarm systems. The Role of Transponder Keys in Immobilizer Systems Transponder keys are engineered with an embedded microchip that communicates with the immobilizer system via radio frequency identification (RFID). When a key is inserted into the ignition switch or brought into proximity in the case of push-to-start systems, the key transmits a uniquely coded signal to the immobilizer's control unit. If this code matches what the system has on record, the engine will be allowed to start. If not, the immobilizer blocks the ignition and fuel systems, thwarting potential theft. Key Programming: The Detailed Process Key programming involves configuring a new key to communicate successfully with the pre-existing immobilizer system of a vehicle. This process can vary significantly depending on the vehicle's make, model, and year. Generally, it requires the use of specialized diagnostic tools and access to the vehicle's onboard programming interface. Initial Diagnostic Check: Before programming a new key, a diagnostic check is often performed to ascertain the health of the immobilizer system and to ensure no existing errors will complicate the process. Key Coding: The new key is then coded with a signal that matches the immobilizer's specifications. This often involves using proprietary software provided by the vehicle manufacturer. Synchronization: After coding, the key needs to be synchronized with the vehicle's immobilizer system. This ensures that the transponder in the key is recognized by the immobilizer every time it is used. Challenges in Key Programming Key programming is not without its challenges. For one, the need for specialized equipment and software means that not all automotive repair shops can undertake this task; typically, it requires the expertise of an authorized dealer or a qualified locksmith who specializes in automotive security. Moreover, the security features that make immobilizers effective also make them complex to work with. For instance, if a vehicle's immobilizer system malfunctions, it can sometimes require a full system reset, which might involve replacing the engine control unit (ECU)—an expensive and intricate procedure. Advanced Service Reset Functions Equipped with 25 service reset functions, the ANCEL V6 Pro goes beyond basic scanning. It supports common maintenance and reset functions such as oil reset, EPB, TPMS, BMS, DPF regeneration, and throttle body alignment. These features are crucial for extending the life of vehicle components and ensuring they operate at peak efficiency. ABS Bleeding and Key Programming ABS bleeding, which removes trapped air from the ABS module, is vital for the proper function of this safety-critical system. The V6 Pro makes this process straightforward and efficient. Additionally, the tool's key programming feature offers a cost-effective way to address key related issues without the need for an expensive visit to the dealership. Bluetooth Connectivity The ANCEL V6 Pro's Bluetooth connectivity enhances its usability by allowing wireless communication with the vehicle's onboard diagnostic system. This feature facilitates mobility around the workshop, enabling mechanics to work more flexibly and effectively. Understanding the key programming immobilizer system is essential for any vehicle owner. This technology not only provides peace of mind through enhanced security but also adds a layer of sophistication to the vehicle's operational dynamics. By ensuring that keys are properly programmed and the system is maintained, owners can significantly enhance the security of their vehicles. Conclusion: Why Choose the ANCEL V6 Pro? Choosing the ANCEL V6 Pro is an investment in reliability, efficiency, and technology. Whether you are a professional seeking to enhance your workshop's capabilities or an enthusiast eager to delve into the mechanics of your vehicle, the V6 Pro offers the tools and features necessary to achieve your goals. Its robust design, coupled with ongoing support and updates, ensures that the ANCEL V6 Pro remains relevant and valuable in the ever-evolving automotive diagnostics landscape. SEE ALSO: Here are 3 Quantum Computers Available Right Now from Affordable to Expensive
Crafting an outstanding dissertation is not just about the initial draft; it's about the meticulous process of editing that transforms it into a polished masterpiece. Welcome to the world of dissertation editing, where the power to revise and refine propels you towards academic success. I. Introduction A. The Essence of Dissertation Editing Dissertation editing goes beyond mere proofreading. It's the art of refining, reshaping, and perfecting your academic work to meet the highest standards. B. Unlocking Academic Success Understanding the transformative power of editing is key to unlocking the door to academic success. A well-edited dissertation is a testament to your dedication dissertation advisor and scholarly excellence. II. The Editing Landscape A. Comprehensive Review Dissertation editing involves a comprehensive review encompassing content, structure, and adherence to academic norms. B. Key Elements of Excellence A well-edited dissertation exhibits clarity, logical flow, and adherence to prescribed formats. It's about perfecting grammar, spelling, and citation. III. Tools of the Trade A. Grammar and Spelling Checkers Harness the capabilities of advanced grammar and spelling checkers to eliminate language errors and elevate the overall quality of your writing. B. Style Guides and Formatting Tools Navigate the intricacies of style guides and formatting tools to ensure uniformity and compliance with academic standards. C. Plagiarism Checkers Ensure academic integrity by employing plagiarism checkers to verify the originality of your work. D. Collaborative Platforms for Feedback Seek valuable insights from peers and mentors through collaborative platforms, enriching your editing process. IV. The Art of Restructuring A. Crafting a Captivating Introduction Engage your readers from the start by crafting an introduction that outlines the purpose and significance of your research. B. Weaving a Cohesive Literature Review Master the art of structuring a literature review that establishes context and highlights existing gaps in knowledge. C. Strengthening Methodology and Results Meticulously edit the methodology and results sections to ensure transparency and reliability in your research. D. Fine-Tuning the Discussion and Conclusion Polish the discussion and conclusion, providing a clear interpretation of your findings and leaving a lasting impact. V. Precision in Detail A. Polishing Language and Clarity Refine your language for precision and clarity, paying attention to sentence structure and word choice. B. Consistent Tone and Style Maintain a consistent tone and style throughout your dissertation, ensuring a cohesive and professional presentation. C. Proper Citation and Referencing Adhere to accurate citation and referencing, crucial elements in the scholarly presentation of your work. VI. Tackling Common Challenges A. Overcoming Writer's Block Combat writer's block by taking breaks, finding inspiration, and breaking down your writing into manageable tasks. B. Navigating Feedback and Revisions Embrace feedback as an avenue for improvement. Approach revisions with a critical eye, addressing suggested changes. C. Mastering Time Management Effective time management is critical. Create a realistic schedule, set deadlines, and allocate time for each editing phase. VII. Staying Current A. Evolving Editing Techniques Stay informed about the latest editing techniques and tools to continually enhance your skills. B. Harnessing Modern Editing Software Explore the capabilities of modern editing software to streamline the editing process and improve efficiency. VIII. Success Stories A. Transformative Examples Delve into real-life success stories where meticulous editing transformed average dissertations into outstanding academic achievements. B. Testimonials from Pleased Clients Read testimonials from satisfied clients who have experienced the positive impact of a well-edited dissertation on their academic journey. IX. Conclusion A. Recapitulating the Power of Editing Summarize the pivotal role of the Dissertation Editor's Toolkit in transforming your dissertation into a work of academic excellence. B. Embracing Success through Editing Highlight the profound impact that quality editing can have on academic success and the recognition of scholarly achievements. X. FAQs A. How long does it take to edit a dissertation? The time required for editing depends on the length and complexity of the dissertation. On average, several weeks are necessary for a thorough and high-quality edit. B. Are there any free editing tools available? Yes, there are free editing tools available online. However, for comprehensive and advanced editing, investing in professional tools or services is often recommended. C. What role does a dissertation editor play in the writing process? A dissertation editor plays a crucial role in refining and improving the overall quality of the dissertation. They focus on grammar, structure, clarity, and adherence to academic standards. D. How can one become a skilled dissertation editor? Becoming a skilled dissertation editor requires a strong command of language, understanding of academic standards, and proficiency in editing tools. Seeking training or mentorship can be beneficial. E. Is professional editing worth the investment? Yes, professional editing is worth the investment as it significantly enhances the quality of your dissertation, increasing the likelihood of academic success.
Smoking the male hemp plant: potential and possible uses Inhaltsverzeichnis: Smoking the male hemp plant: potential and possible uses Cannabis is a versatile plant that has been valued for centuries for both its medicinal and psychoactive properties. In modern culture, smoking the flowers of female cannabis plants is widespread, while male cannabis plants often receive less attention. But what happens when you smoke male cannabis plants? What are the differences between male and female plants and what role do they play in the world of cannabis? This article explores the potential and limitations of smoking male hemp plants. Potential of male hemp plants Occurrence of cannabinoids Male hemp plants contain cannabinoids, but in different amounts and ratios than female plants. These cannabinoids are present in different parts of the plant. In the leaves The leaves of male hemp plants contain a certain amount of cannabinoids, mainly THC and CBD. However, these concentrations are significantly lower than in the flowers of female plants. Nevertheless, these leaves can be used to achieve mild effects or be processed for other uses. In the stems The stems of male hemp plants also contain cannabinoids, but in even lower quantities than the leaves. The cannabinoid concentration in the stems is not high enough to produce significant psychoactive effects, but they can still be used for industrial purposes or extraction processes. Possible uses Male hemp plants offer various uses beyond simple smoking. These possibilities include both traditional and innovative applications. Smoking male hemp plants is possible, but less common due to the lower THC content. Smoking these plants results in a very mild psychoactive effect that is more relaxing than intoxicating. For those seeking a mild relaxation, this may still be an option. Extracting CBD from male hemp plants is one of the most valuable uses. CBD is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid that is prized for its health benefits, such as relieving pain, anxiety and inflammation. Male plants can therefore be used to produce CBD extracts and products. Hemp tea made from the leaves of male plants is another possible use. The leaves can be dried and used to make tea, which offers a mild, relaxing effect. This method is a gentle way of consumption that is less intense than smoking. Male hemp plants are rich in nutrients and can be used as valuable compost material. By composting, the plants can help improve soil quality and support sustainable agricultural practices. This is particularly useful for growing other hemp plants or other crops. Overall, despite their lower THC content and less intense psychoactive effects, male hemp plants have multiple potentials and uses that can be both ecologically and economically valuable. Smoking male hemp plants Smoking male hemp plants is less well known and less common than smoking female plants. Nevertheless, there are some aspects that should be considered when deciding to smoke male hemp plants. Mild effect Male hemp plants contain significantly less THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) than female plants, which results in a much milder effect. THC is the main active ingredient that produces the psychoactive "high" associated with the consumption of cannabis. Since male plants produce less THC, the psychoactive effects are minimal. When smoking male plants, one can therefore expect a mild relaxation rather than an intense high. This mild effect could be of interest to those looking for a gentle, calming effect without being heavily intoxicated. Taste and smoke quality The flavor and smoke quality of male cannabis plants differs from that of female plants. Male plants tend to have a harsher and less pleasant flavor. This is because they contain less terpenes and resins, which are responsible for the rich flavor and aroma of female flowers. When smoking male plants, the smoke can be harsher and scratchy in the throat. For some users, this can be a less pleasant experience, especially when compared to the smooth and aromatic smoke qualities of female flowers. Use of leaves and pollen One way to use male cannabis plants is to smoke the leaves and pollen. These parts of the plant also contain cannabinoids, albeit in smaller quantities. Here are some ways you can use leaves and pollen: The leaves of male hemp plants can be dried and shredded to smoke them. Although they contain less THC, they can provide a mild, relaxing effect. Some users also mix the leaves with other herbs to enhance the flavor and create a more balanced smoke. Pollen from male hemp plants also contains cannabinoids and can be collected and smoked. However, pollen production is often lower and collection can be time consuming. Nevertheless, the pollen can provide an additional source of cannabinoids and can be used in combination with the leaves. Overall, smoking male cannabis plants offers an alternative way to utilize the plant, even if the effects and smoke quality are not comparable to those of female flowers. The decision to smoke male plants often depends on individual preference and plant availability. Smoking hermaphrodite male cannabis plants Smoking hermaphrodite plants, which have both male and female sexual characteristics, is a lesser-known practice in the cannabis community. Hermaphrodite plants, also known as hermaphrodites, can have a mixture of traits from both sexes, offering a unique profile of effects and ingredients. These plants often result from stress factors such as irregular light cycles, physical damage or genetic predisposition. Understanding the unique characteristics and THC content of these plants is important to evaluate their potential effects and uses. Sexual characteristics Hermaphrodite plants exhibit both male and female sexual characteristics, making them unique in cannabis breeding. These plants develop pollen sacs and pistils at the same time. The pollen sacs are small, spherical structures that release pollen, while the pistils are thread-like outgrowths that collect pollen. This dual function can lead to a complex development of the plant, as it invests energy in both the production of pollen and the formation of flowers. For breeders, hermaphrodite plants are often undesirable as they can affect the harvest through unwanted pollination. Nevertheless, the presence of both sexes can produce interesting blends of cannabinoids and terpenes that offer unique effects when consumed. THC content The THC content of hermaphrodite plants can vary greatly, as it depends on the balance between male and female flowers. Female flowers typically contain higher concentrations of THC, while male flowers have significantly less THC. Hermaphrodite plants, which have more female characteristics, may therefore have a higher THC content than pure male plants, but may not be as high as pure female plants. This results in a moderate psychoactive effect that is neither as intense as pure female plants nor as mild as male plants. This variability makes the use of hermaphrodite plants unpredictable, but also potentially interesting for users who want to experiment. The exact THC content and effect depend heavily on the individual plant and its genetic composition. Recognizing the sex of a male hemp plant smoke Recognizing the sex of hemp plants is a crucial step for growers and consumers who want to make use of the specific properties of the plants. Recognizing male plants in particular is important because they are used differently than female plants, especially when smoking. Male hemp plants have less THC and differ from their female counterparts in several visible ways. Visible differences Male hemp plants can be distinguished from female plants by certain visible characteristics. The most obvious differences can be seen in flower development. Male plants develop pollen sacs that look like small, spherical nodules and usually appear in the axils of the leaves or at the ends of the branches. These pollen sacs burst open to release pollen, which is used to pollinate female plants. Female plants, on the other hand, develop pistils that look like tiny hairs protruding from the calyxes. These pistils are designed to catch pollen and initiate seed formation. Another distinguishing feature is that male plants tend to grow taller and less bushy as they invest their energy in height and the development of pollen sacs. Practical tips When recognizing and dealing with male hemp plants, there are some practical tips that should be followed. Early detection: It is important to recognize the sex of the plants early to prevent unwanted pollination. This usually happens a few weeks after the start of the flowering phase. Make sure to check the plants regularly. Separate the plants: If you are growing both male and female plants, make sure they are physically separated to prevent unwanted pollination of the female plants. This can be achieved by having different growing zones or using barriers. Use of the male plants: Male plants can be used for a variety of purposes, although they are not as potent as female plants. They can be dried and smoked, although the THC content is lower. Alternatively, they can be used for making hemp tea or extracting CBD. Control environmental conditions: Stress factors such as irregular light cycles or physical damage can increase the likelihood of plants developing hermaphroditic traits. Ensure plants are growing in a stable and controlled environment to facilitate sex determination. By closely observing and recognizing sexual traits, you can optimize the use of your cannabis plants and ensure that both male and female plants perform at their best. Alternatives to using male plants Male hemp plants are often less appreciated than their female counterparts, particularly due to their lower THC content. However, despite this disadvantage, male plants offer a variety of alternative uses that can be both practical and valuable. Here are some of the main alternatives to using male hemp plants. Hemp tea A popular and easy way to use male hemp plants is to make hemp tea. The leaves and stems of male plants contain small amounts of cannabinoids that can be extracted when making tea. Hemp tea offers a mild, calming effect that is ideal for those who want to enjoy the relaxing properties of cannabis without seeking a strong psychoactive experience. To prepare it, the dried leaves and stems are crushed and infused with hot water. Drinking hemp tea can also help promote healthy sleep and relieve stress. Extraction of CBD Male hemp plants can also be used to extract CBD (cannabidiol). CBD is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid known for its multiple health benefits, including pain relief, anxiety reduction and anti-inflammation. Although male plants contain less CBD compared to female plants, they can still be a valuable source of CBD extraction. Extraction is carried out using various methods, such as CO2 extraction or solvent extraction, in which the cannabinoids are isolated from the plant materials. The resulting CBD oil can then be used in various products, including tinctures, capsules, creams and edibles. Another environmentally friendly alternative to using male hemp plants is composting. Male hemp plants are rich in nutrients and can serve as excellent compost material to improve soil quality. Composting decomposes the plants and converts them into valuable humus, which is rich in nutrients and microorganisms. This humus can then be used as a natural fertilizer in the garden or in agricultural cultivation to promote the growth and health of other plants. Composting is a sustainable method that not only helps to reduce waste, but also supports long-term soil fertility. Overall, male hemp plants offer numerous valuable uses despite their lower THC content. Whether as a soothing tea, a source of health-beneficial CBD or as eco-friendly compost, male hemp plants can be used in a variety of ways that are both practical and sustainable.
Baijnath Temple Complex comprises 18 Hindu temples in Baijnath, Uttarakhand, situated along the Gomati river at an elevation of 1,125m. Pilgrims frequently visit during Shivratri and Makar Sankranti. The temples pay homage to deities like Shiva, Parvati, Karttikeya, and more. The complex is located in Baijnath town, Bageshwar district, specifically 22 km from Bageshwar and 16 km from Kausani. The main shrine features Vaidyanath Shiva, adorned with a lingam and a distinct depiction of Parvati. The historical roots trace back to the Katyuri kings, with inscriptions dating back to AD 1202. Although the temples were restored by King Gyan Chand, they faced plundering in AD 1743-1744. The complex stands as an exemplary showcase of 12th-century Nagara architecture crafted by the Katyuri Kings.
When I was young, I was writing code, running, fixing bugs and going on to something else to code. After I joined my first company, I realized many people were doing that. There were very different styles of coding, spaces anywhere, indentation not following a single rule and always some resistance to follow one set of rules. I started to work in a company with various cultures and styles. People usually write code following the style which is the clearest for them, the easiest to understand for them. I'm usually skeptical when somebody explains everybody should do this or this because it makes more sense. As a teacher, I saw too many different logics, each of them writing in their own style. And if you do different, it is because it is more simple that way for you. For example, I usually choose small variables name for a loop (n, i, t, u) because I read it as a mathematical loop (\sigma_{i=1}^n ...). I add a space before semicolon because you do this in French. One rule I follow is when I modify something written by somebody else: I try to follow the same style. I remember some code review which came back with many comments because my spaces were not good. I think there should be a tool for that. Anyway, when you work on a big project, I'm not sure about the importance of the style but I know some tools and practice are unavoidables: <-- --> \|
Dysport is a non-invasive, injectable treatment called neuromodulators, which smooths out lines and wrinkles. It's FDA-approved to treat moderate to severe frown lines, also called glabellar lines or "11s," between the eyebrows. When injected into the skin, neuromodulators block nerve signals between the brain and facial muscles, temporarily paralyzing the muscles that cause facial creases and wrinkles. How Does Dysport Work? Dysport belongs to a class of injections that use a form of botulinum toxin to target different areas of the face. It is part of the neuromodulators that reduce the appearance of lines by relaxing and limiting the movement of muscles around the injection site. The doctor injects a small amount of the substance directly into the muscle.As the muscles relax, the skin above them becomes smoother, reducing wrinkles. However, it is best to note that these effects are only temporary. Correspondingly, decreasing movement is meant to prevent the formation or deepening of wrinkles caused by repetitive movement over time, along with heredity and aging.What Benefits Does Dysport Provide? Indeed, Dysport belongs to effective anti-aging wrinkle relaxers that produce youthful-looking results. In fact, there are many patients who experience moderate to severe signs of aging and love their Dysport results. Below are some of the benefits of Dysport injections.Reduced Wrinkles and Expression Lines Dysport belongs to very few effective wrinkle treatments. Since topical skincare products only work on the skin's surface to treat wrinkles, with the help of Dysport injections, the muscles stop contracting to form these deepening expression lines. This means the skin looks smoother and freer of unsightly creases.Wrinkle Prevention Dysport can be a preventative treatment for younger patients. Since these injectables temporarily paralyze facial muscles, they can prevent new wrinkles from forming. This means that this treatment can be done while a patient is still young and experiencing the beginning signs of aging. Nonetheless, many younger patients use Dysport to prevent the formation of forehead wrinkles and other expression lines.Minimally Invasive Treatment This treatment does not require surgery or invasive techniques. Dysport simply involves injecting the appropriate areas of the face to reduce signs of aging. This is definitely a good option for those looking for an anti-aging treatment that doesn't require surgery or harsh treatment methods.No Downtime One of the most significant benefits of Dysport injections is that they don't require downtime. Unlike other anti-aging procedures, there is no need to rest and recover after these injections. In fact, patients can resume their daily tasks without restrictions.Reliable and FDA-Approved The FDA has approved Dysport to treat visible aging in cosmetic patients. It only shows that this is a reliable, well-established wrinkle solution. Dysport is a state-of-the-art treatment used by thousands of patients who love their results.What To Expect From This Treatment? Understanding the procedure is extremely important before considering getting the Dysport injection. There is essential information that patients must be guided before, during, and after the Dysport procedure. During a consultation, it is important to discuss with the doctor the expectations and whether there are any health conditions or allergies that could interfere with the treatment. Effective treatment requires one injection into each of the five points between and above the eyebrows. Generally, the procedure only takes 10-20 minutes. The healthcare professional will determine the exact placement of each injection to get results that best suit the patient.After the treatment, the doctor will provide any precautions to take after treatment. In addition, it is highly advised to call a doctor or get medical help immediately if there are problems with breathing, speaking, or swallowing. If any of these happen, patients should not drive a car, operate machinery, or do other dangerous activities.On the other hand, there should be little to no downtime after the treatment. Improvements can be seen 2-3 days after treatment, and results may last up to 5 months. Also, the results of repeat treatments may be comparable to the first use.Who Are Good Candidates For Dysport? The suitable candidates for Dysport are mostly healthy adults with moderate to severe dynamic wrinkles, which can benefit from Dysport treatment. However, this treatment should be avoided if:- Pregnant or nursing - Allergic to any of Dysport's components - Have muscle or nerve disorders (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) - Weak facial muscles - Skin infection - Scars - Heart problems - Bleeding issues What Are The Possible Risks Of Dysport? Although Dysport is generally a safe procedure, patients might want to consider some risks and side effects. In fact, some of these side effects are mild and tend to resolve on their own, including:- headache - pain at the injection site - allergic reactions at the injection site, such as rash and hives - sinus issues - sore throat - eyelid swelling - nausea - upper respiratory tract infection - breathing and swallowing difficulties - blurry or double vision - droopy eyelids - muscle weakness - difficulty speaking - spasticity - urinary incontinence What Are The Aftercare Of Dysport? Below are the aftercare tips for Dysport to minimize risks and ensure the best results:- Avoid direct sunlight or heat and light - Do not scratch, rub, or touch the treated area for 24 hours - Don't exercise for 24 hours - Don't bend down or lie for four hours - Avoid facial cosmetic treatments for two weeks - Avoid certain medication, as instructed by the medical provider
Have you ever been looking for a new pair of running shoes, or maybe a new coffee maker or blender, and immediately went to Google to search for the answer? Your search probably looked something like "best running shoes of 2024" or "best coffee maker for one person" and showed you links to articles from sites like Runner's World or Epicurious. This is commerce content. In this guide, we are going to explain what commerce content is, how it works, and show you a few examples so that you'll have a better understanding when you're browsing for your next online purchase. If you run a business that sells products online, you'll also learn how you can incorporate commerce content into your marketing strategy to get more customers. Understanding the Basics of Commerce Content Commerce content is editorial, from a publisher such as The New York Times or GQ, that promotes a particular product or brand. It can come in many forms, be called different names, and be used differently by brands and publishers, but ultimately, it's a method of selling that appears to be an organic news story, rather than a regular ad or TV commercial. Commerce content combines written storytelling with marketing, seamlessly. By nature, commerce content isn't purely PR or timely journalist coverage and it's produced by different teams, writers, and agencies. (More on this later.) But what does a piece of commerce content actually look like? The Google search result from above will take you to a page titled something along the lines of "The Best Running Shoes of 2024" or "The Best Blenders For You To Eat Healthier This Year." These are called "listicles" or "roundups" because they create a list of the products they most recommend based on research, testing, and experience. While these listicles are one of the most popular forms of commerce content, there are many more. How Does Commerce Content Work? Commerce content involves a few different parties since it's not just a story about a new brand launching or a product being released for the first time. The two main players are publishers (those producing the content) and brands (those being written about). In this relationship, brands offer publishers a commission on the sales that they drive. This is called affiliate, or word-of-mouth, marketing. The links placed within the story are called affiliate links, and if you click on the URL you'll notice that they're different from regular links as they have information that uniquely identifies the publisher so that every sale is tracked. The revenue generated from affiliate links is how publishers are able to stay in business. And without coverage from these publishers, brands are losing out on potential sales. While the main people involved are the brand and publisher, there are also several supporting roles in commerce content. A brand will often hire an agency to help recruit and manage publishers and negotiate terms on their behalf. Publishers need a lot of help with the content creation process, and this usually involves writers, editors, photographers, and more. If you're curious how commerce content affects you, here's how it works for different parties: Commerce Content for Online Businesses If you have an ecommerce brand or sell a software product, you can use commerce content to find new customers. - First, you have to set up an account on a platform like Impact or Awin to create affiliate links and track sales. - Then, you start the hard job of finding and recruiting publishers to talk about your brand. This is the hardest part as publishers have plenty of brands pitching them every day. - Finally, you need to maintain those relationships, negotiate commission rates, and keep publishers up to date on sales that you're running throughout the year. Commerce Content for Consumers & Readers While nothing really changes about your online reading experience, you should be an educated consumer when browsing the web. First, you should be aware that any time you read about a product or brand on a blog or news site, there's a high likelihood that the website is getting paid to talk about that brand. Not always, but most of the time. This shouldn't necessarily make you skeptical about everything you read online, but it's a good thing to keep in mind. What Commerce Content Is and Isn't Commerce content is: - Engaging editorial content that looks like any other blog post or article - Inherently promotional, though it doesn't look like an ad - Typically from a third party, like a newspaper or magazine - A relationship between a publisher and a brand or agency But it isn't: - Breaking news or coverage on world affairs - Traditional public relations Commerce Content vs. Traditional PR All of this information may have you questioning what the difference between commerce content and normal PR is. The truth is, the lines between the two are blurring rapidly, and agencies that manage commerce content relationships are slowly starting to offer PR services as well because the two are so similar. Generally speaking, the main difference between the two is that commerce content is typically created around search terms and uses SEO techniques to drive traffic, while PR is more about telling a story to an existing audience. PR is current news about brands and company updates, while commerce content is evergreen, focusing more on how a product functions. Commerce content will always include affiliate links so that the publisher is making money off of their work, while PR stories may or may not have affiliate links. Additionally, the teams that produce commerce content are typically entirely different than the teams that create traditional news stories, so for brands, the people that they need to develop relationships with are entirely different. Types of Commerce Content Commerce content can be grouped into a few primary categories: Listicles, Buying Guides, & Roundups Perhaps the most evident form of commerce content is listicles. These are, like they sound, a list of products and brands that fit a certain category of products. Their goal is to provide several options for different types of people or use cases. Each nomination is referred to as a "superlative." Think back to your high school yearbook at who was "Most Likely to Become President," listicles provide what brand is best for what situation. Examples of superlatives are "Best Overall," "Best Luxury," and "Best Budget," to name a few. Dedicated Reviews Reviews, unlike listicles, are focused on one singular product or brand. Rather than compiling a list of multiple products with short descriptions, dedicated reviews go in depth on a certain product with hands-on testing, real-life photography, and a personal narrative of the writer's experience with the product. The goal for dedicated reviews is to help customers make a decision about buying a certain product or not. The potential customer is likely very familiar with the brand and interested in it, but they're not yet convinced that it's worth their money. Dedicated reviews give a potential customer the confidence necessary to finally make the purchase, because they've heard from a third party that the product is good (or not) and seen them actually use it. SEO-Based Features & Comparisons There are certain types of content that aren't as conversion focused, but they still can capitalize on search volume to drive sales. SEO-based features are content that answers a question that people are asking, and naturally weaves a brand or product into the story. A good example of this is say that you're trying to figure out how to clean a cashmere sweater, so you search "how to clean cashmere" on Google. The top result is from a blog that creates content around the home and kitchen and is titled "How to Clean Cashmere: The Ultimate Guide." Throughout this piece, the blog gives generic information on why cashmere requires a special cleaning process, how to do it, and could recommend a particular brand of cashmere cleaning detergent with its store link throughout it. Another form of this SEO-based content are comparisons. A lot of people may be trying to decide between an iPhone and a Samsung, so they search "iphone 15 vs samsung galaxy s24." A tech blog can do a full comparison between the two, explaining which one is better and all the features each phone has. Examples of Commerce Content Publishers Here are some of the most well-known publishers and niche blogs that produce commerce content. General: The New York Times Wirecutter Wirecutter was founded in 2011 by a former technology journalist and editor as a product review site. The New York Times bought the blog in 2016 in an effort to evolve with the changing digital landscape and find another way to monetize their content aside from traditional ads. It turned out to be a great bet. Wirecutter is known for producing some of the best commerce content on the internet. Oftentimes, they'll physically test products in their own lab, with beautiful photography accompanying their experience. Ecommerce brands love being featured in Wirecutter because it gives them the seal of approval from one of the most widely recognized names in media, The New York Times. Food & Drink: Bon Appétit Bon Appétit is owned by media giant Condé Nast and produces extensive content around recipes, restaurants, chefs, and other food-related content, in addition to its content commerce shopping vertical. Because it specializes in food, its work primarily revolves around cookware and kitchen appliances. Finance: NerdWallet NerdWallet is a site focused on all things personal finance. They review credit cards, insurance companies, and more, as well as produce helpful articles on common finance questions. NerdWallet is its own company (unlike many of the names you come across everyday), not owned by any larger media conglomerates. Home Niche Blog: Jenna Kate at Home Niche blogs are smaller sites, typically owned by the person who started it, and focus on one category. They don't have massive teams of writers and editors, and thus the stories are often more personal and intimate. Jenna Kate at Home focuses on interior design, homegoods, and cleaning and organization. Men's Lifestyle Niche Blog: Ape to Gentleman Similarly, Ape to Gentleman is a lifestyle blog specifically for guys trying to look better, get in shape, and come off as a more conventionally attractive man in general. They create guides, reviews, and news stories focused on brands catered to men. Browsing through a site like Ape to Gentleman is similar to going through a men's department store rather than Target or Walmart—you'll find style advice and hand-picked brands that you'll love. Pet Niche Blog: Dog Lab Niche blogs don't have to be around products for humans, sites like DogLab create content around products for pets like toys, beds, and food. They also have a strong library of training guides to help people become better pet owners. Examples of Commerce Content Articles Here are some of the most common forms of commerce content you'll see when you're browsing online. Sports Illustrated's Pickleball Paddle Roundup The roundup is all about the best pickleball paddles available in 2024. It features superlatives such as "Best Pickleball Paddles for Beginners" and "Best Pickleball Paddles Under $100." Notice how each section lists out the materials, price, and detailed descriptions about the individual model and why it's the best for the given superlative. Epicurious' Coffee Maker Roundup Epicurious combines their years of review experience into one piece of content covering all different types of coffee makers. They give several top brands for each category with specs and options to purchase. Garage Gym Reviews' Nike Metcon 8 Review Garage Gym Reviews is known for their in-depth sports gear, home gym equipment, and health and wellness reviews. This story is a review of a Nike training sneaker called the Metcon 8. This isn't a press release, but rather a first-person summary of their experience with the sneaker. Notice how detailed the writer gets, detailing the specifications, explaining what it's like to wear them at the gym, and talking about the materials and construction of the shoes. Beautiful in-action photography shows everything that the writer talks about and adds further trust for readers. The Points Guy's American Express Platinum Credit Card Review The Points Guy (TPG) started as a blog telling people how to hack their way to better credit card perks in their travel. The American Express Platinum card is a high-end luxury credit card specifically designed with travel in mind. This review covers pros and cons of the card, the welcome bonus, and the perks that members receive as a part of their annual fee. At the end of the review, you'll notice an option to apply to the card, which takes you to a special TPG-specific American Express page. In this instance, TPG is likely paid a strong commission to incentivize more of their readers to apply for an American Express card. Publishers and brands can forge strong partnerships that offer readers unique discount codes or membership benefits. Good Housekeeping's Shark vs. Dyson Comparison Good Housekeeping is known for its New York City-based testing lab where they've been testing products in person and informing consumers for years. (As a matter of fact, I got to take a tour of it a few years ago, I can vouch for the publisher's thorough testing processes.) This comparison is intended for people who are searching for terms like "shark vs dyson vacuum" and "dyson vs shark review," to name a few. The article covers multiple products including handheld and stick vacuums from each brand, a price comparison, and the warranties both companies offer. It ultimately declares a winner for each type of product with links to purchase from retailers like Amazon and Walmart, which Good Housekeeping negotiates special relationships with, versus directing readers straight to the brand's website. The Mom Edit's Vuori vs. Lululemon Comparison The Mom Edit is a type of site called a "mommy blogger." These are niche sites covering topics that mothers are particularly interested in. This comparison piece puts two of the most popular athleisure brands, Vuori and Lululemon, head to head against each to see which one has the best joggers. Ultimately, the writer likes both joggers equally, but she gives tailored advice based on the reader's preference in lengths and fabrics. How to Incorporate Commerce Content Into Your Business Today If you run an ecommerce business, sell a digital product like a software or course, or even have a financial product like a credit card, then you can benefit from commerce content. This type of editorial-style storytelling is great for comparing multiple products that curate the best of the best for readers, or dedicated reviews that discuss all the features, advantages and disadvantages, and hands-on testing for a specific brand. By now, you should have a solid understanding of what commerce content looks like, how it works, and some big publishers in the space. If you want to have your product featured in stories online, then the first step is to launch an affiliate program on a platform like Impact and start recruiting content creators. If you're just starting to venture into the world of ecommerce and want to learn about dropshipping, Amazon FBA, and more, then visit Whop.com for resources to help you sell physical and digital products online. Whop is the best place for entrepreneurs of all kinds looking to start or scale their businesses. Anyone can become an entrepreneur using Whop. Find out how to get started.
Ulcerative colitis What's the difference between IBS and IBD? These GI conditions sound similar, and they also share some symptoms. But IBS and IBD are distinct disorders—especially when it comes to treatment and the risk of complications. What is IL-23? This pro-inflammatory protein is the target of potential Johnson & Johnson medications that could help treat autoimmune conditions such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. By the numbers: Understanding the toll of inflammatory bowel disease For Colitis and Crohn's Disease Awareness Week, learn about the challenges of this painful condition—and why Johnson & Johnson continues to seek new treatment options. Have IBD? Read about the next frontier in disease research that taps into the microbiome There are trillions of microorganisms living in your gut—and they might just be the key to helping treat diseases like Crohn's and ulcerative colitis. Meet a researcher who spends her days exploring this microscopic world. 7 health advocates who are determined to change what it means to have a chronic illness Living with a life-altering disease is undeniably challenging. But it can also be full of triumphs if you embrace one simple mantra: It's just a bad day, not a bad life. 3 stories of unstoppable people living with autoimmune diseases An avid runner. A fireman. A college student. What they share in common may surprise you—and the battle to get their lives back after debilitating diagnoses will inspire you.
At Evoke Wellness at Cohasset, we believe in approaching the topic of heroin and opioid addiction with compassion, clarity, and support. Many individuals and families find themselves asking, "Is heroin an opioid?" as they seek to understand the complexities of addiction. Heroin is indeed an opioid, a drug that acts on the brain's opioid receptors to produce feelings of pleasure and pain relief. It is derived from morphine. It can be highly addictive and lead to heroin dependence. It also can quickly lead to overdose and death. Contact Evoke Wellness at Cohasset at 866.931.6429 if you need a heroin rehab in Cohasset. Is Heroin an Opioid? Yes, heroin is classified as an opioid. It is derived from morphine, a natural substance extracted from the seed pod of certain varieties of poppy plants. Heroin works by binding to and activating specific receptors in the brain called opioid receptors, which can lead to feelings of intense pleasure. However, this activation also significantly affects the brain's reward system, leading to the high potential for addiction and dependence. Heroin's impact on the opioid receptors in the brain is profound, contributing to both its high abuse potential and the severe withdrawal symptoms that can occur when usage ceases. Understanding this connection is crucial for recognizing the serious nature of heroin addiction and the importance of seeking professional help. Recognizing the Signs of Heroin Dependence Identifying heroin dependence is a critical step in seeking help for yourself or a loved one. Some signs of heroin dependence include: - Increased tolerance, requiring more of the drug to achieve the desired effect. - Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not using heroin, such as nausea, restlessness, and pain. - Continued use despite negative consequences to health, relationships, and responsibilities. - Spending significant time obtaining, using, or recovering from the effects of heroin. - Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. These signs indicate a need for compassionate, professional intervention. At Evoke Wellness at Cohasset, we're here to offer the support and treatment necessary for recovery. The Risks and Effects of Heroin Use The short-term and long-term effects of heroin use can be devastating, impacting every aspect of an individual's life. Short-term effects may include a rush of euphoria, dry mouth, and a heavy feeling in the limbs. However, these are quickly overshadowed by the potential for overdose, respiratory depression, and the spread of infectious diseases through needle sharing. Long-term heroin use can lead to severe health complications, including liver and kidney disease, lung complications, and mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Recognizing these risks is vital to understanding the urgency of seeking treatment. Treatment Options for Heroin Addiction Recovery from heroin addiction is possible with comprehensive treatment that addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of dependence. At Evoke Wellness at Cohasset, our evidence-based treatment programs include: - Medically supervised detoxification to safely manage withdrawal symptoms. - Individual and group therapy to address the underlying causes of addiction. - Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) to reduce cravings and ease the transition to sobriety. - Supportive aftercare planning to maintain long-term recovery. Our dedicated team provides a supportive, non-judgmental environment where individuals can focus on their recovery journey with the guidance and care they need. Contact Evoke Wellness at Cohasset for Heroin Addiction Treatment Understanding heroin dependence and its treatment options is the first step toward recovery. At Evoke Wellness at Cohasset, we're committed to providing compassionate, professional care for those struggling with heroin and opioid addiction. Our approach emphasizes empathy, flexibility, and evidence-based treatments tailored to each individual's needs. If you or someone you love is grappling with heroin dependence, we're here to help. Contact us today at 866.931.6429 to learn more about our treatment programs and how we can support you on the journey to a healthier, drug-free life. Together, we can overcome addiction and build a foundation for lasting recovery.
Underwater Virtual Tour FAQs Frequently Asked Questions offers benefits to both users and tour providers. FAQs provide valuable information upfront, addressing common queries and concerns that users may have about the virtual tour experience, such as accessibility, compatibility, and safety considerations. This helps to enhance user understanding and confidence, encouraging more people to engage with the virtual tours. Underwater Virtual Tour FAQs What exactly is an underwater virtual tour? An underwater virtual tour is a digital experience that allows users to explore underwater environments from the comfort of their own device. It typically involves immersive 360-degree images or videos captured underwater, providing a realistic and interactive way to discover marine ecosystems, coral reefs, shipwrecks, and marine life. How do underwater virtual tours work? Underwater virtual tours use specialised underwater cameras or 360-degree cameras to capture footage of underwater environments. This footage is then stitched together to create immersive panoramas or videos. Users can navigate through these environments using their computer or mobile device, often with the ability to zoom in and out for a closer look. What equipment do I need to experience an underwater virtual tour? To experience an underwater virtual tour, all you need is a device with internet access, such as a computer, smartphone, or tablet. Some virtual tours may require specific software or apps to view the content, but many can be accessed directly through a web browser. Are underwater virtual tours suitable for all ages and experience levels? Yes, underwater virtual tours are designed to be accessible to people of all ages and experience levels. Whether you're a seasoned scuba diver or someone who has never set foot in the ocean, virtual tours offer a unique opportunity to explore underwater environments in a safe and educational way. Can I interact with the marine life during an underwater virtual tour? While you can't physically interact with marine life during an underwater virtual tour, you'll have the opportunity to observe a wide variety of underwater creatures in their natural habitats. Virtual tours can include informative captions or audio narration to provide insights into the marine life you encounter. How accurate are underwater virtual tours compared to real-life diving experiences? While nothing can truly replicate the experience of being underwater, virtual tours strive to provide an accurate representation of underwater environments. High-quality footage and advanced technology help create immersive experiences that closely resemble real-life diving experiences, allowing users to explore marine ecosystems in incredible detail. Are underwater virtual tours environmentally friendly? Yes… Absolutely…. Underwater virtual tours are environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional diving experiences. By reducing the need for physical travel to dive sites, virtual tours help minimise the environmental impact associated with transportation, fuel consumption, and disturbance to marine ecosystems.. Can I use underwater virtual tours for educational purposes? Absolutely! Underwater virtual tours are valuable educational tools that can be used in schools, museums, aquariums, and other educational settings. Teachers and educators can incorporate virtual tours into lesson plans to teach students about marine biology, ecology, conservation, and more. Are there any accessibility considerations for underwater virtual tours? Yes, accessibility is an important consideration for underwater virtual tours. Developers strive to ensure that virtual tours are accessible to individuals with disabilities by providing features such as audio descriptions, keyboard navigation, and compatibility with screen reader software. How can I access underwater virtual tours? Underwater virtual tours are typically accessible online through websites, platforms, or apps that specialize in virtual reality or immersive experiences. Some dive operators, marine conservation organizations, or tourism boards may also offer virtual tours as part of their online resources. Simply search for "underwater virtual tours" to discover a wide range of options to explore. Are underwater virtual tours only for scuba divers, or can anyone enjoy them? Underwater virtual tours are designed for anyone with an interest in exploring the underwater world, regardless of whether they are certified scuba divers. From snorkelers and marine enthusiasts to armchair adventurers, virtual tours offer a captivating experience for people of all backgrounds. Are underwater virtual tours available for all types of underwater environments? Yes, underwater virtual tours can showcase a wide variety of underwater environments, including coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, underwater caves, and even deep-sea habitats. There are virtual tours available for almost every type of underwater ecosystem imaginable. Can I use virtual reality (VR) technology to experience underwater virtual tours? Yes, many underwater virtual tours are compatible with virtual reality (VR) headsets, providing an even more immersive experience. By using VR technology, users can feel like they're truly diving underwater, with the ability to look around in 360 degrees and feel a sense of presence in the underwater environment. How long do underwater virtual tours typically last? The duration of underwater virtual tours can vary depending on the specific tour and the amount of content available. Some virtual tours may only last a few minutes, while others offer longer experiences that allow users to explore multiple dive sites or interact with additional features and information. Typically you can interact with Underwater Tours for as long as you want to. Are underwater virtual tours free, or do I need to pay for them? Many underwater virtual tours are available for free online, either directly through websites or platforms that specialise in virtual reality content. However, some premium or specialised virtual tours may require payment or a subscription fee to access, particularly those that offer exclusive content or advanced features. Can I take screenshots or share content from underwater virtual tours on social media? It depends on the specific virtual tour and any copyright restrictions that may apply to the content. In general, most virtual tours allow users to take screenshots or share content for personal use or non-commercial purposes. However, users should always respect the terms of use and any copyright guidelines provided by the tour creators. Are there any safety considerations I should be aware of when experiencing underwater virtual tours? Unlike traditional scuba diving, underwater virtual tours pose no physical risks to participants. However, users should still exercise caution when using VR headsets, particularly if they are prone to motion sickness or disorientation. Taking regular breaks and staying hydrated can help ensure a comfortable and enjoyable experience. Can I customize or personalize underwater virtual tours to suit my preferences? Some underwater virtual tours may offer customization options or interactive features that allow users to tailor their experience to their preferences. This could include choosing specific dive sites, adjusting settings such as lighting or visibility, or accessing additional content such as educational materials or behind-the-scenes footage. Do underwater virtual tours support multiple languages? Underwater virtual tours can offer support for multiple languages, allowing users from around the world to enjoy the experience in their preferred language. Language options are typically indicated on the virtual tour platform or within the tour interface, allowing users to select their preferred language before starting the tour. Can I provide feedback or suggestions for improving underwater virtual tours? Yes, feedback and suggestions are often welcomed by the creators of underwater virtual tours. Whether you have ideas for new features, improvements to existing content, or general feedback about your experience, many virtual tour platforms provide channels for users to submit feedback or contact the creators directly. Your input can help shape future developments and enhance the overall quality of virtual tours for everyone to enjoy. Underwater Virtual Tour Costs The costs for creating a Underwater Virtual Tour (which includes the photoshoot, creation of individual panoramas, integration into a tour, and publication) are slightly more expensive those for Google and Standalone Virtual Tours (because of the extra equipment and effort associated with shooting underwater) but would typically vary from around $1200 upwards – depending on the number of nodes required to cover the area/s you want, and the features/functionality you wish to include. You can either host the tour on your own server or VIRTUALIZE can offer Virtual Tour Hosting for a small ongoing (monthly/annual) cost. Please Call us on 0403 023 223 or Contact Us for more information about a Virtual Tour for your Business.
How is doing operations (adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing) with rational expressions similar to or different from doing operations with fractions? If you know how to do arithmetic with rational numbers you will understand the arithmetic with rational functions! Doing operations (adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing) is very similar. When you are adding or subtracting they both require a common denominator. When multiplying or dividing it works the same for instance reducing by factoring. Operations on rational expressions is similar to doing operations on fractions. You have to come up with a common denominator in order to add or subtract. To multiply the numerators and denominators separated. In division you flip the second fraction and multiply. The difference is that rational expressions can have variable letters and powers in them. similarities and differences between ordinary fractions and rational expressions. Dissimilar fractions have different denominators. You multiply out brackets, remove common factors from fractions, combine like terms. unlike fractions Fractions are alike if they have the same denominators; otherwise they are different. You solve equations with fractions the same way you solve other equations. You perform various arithmetic operations on both sides of the equals sign until you get the result you want. It depends on the edition, but typically, it would include, working with expressions that include variables - for example, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing such expressions; fractions (also with expressions); writing equations (based on word problems) and solving those equations; factoring polynomials; graphing; perhaps some basic trigonometry. - High school algebra is all about working with variables. By eliminating the fractions Assuming you want to get rid of the fractions, you can multiply both sides of the equations by the greatest common factor of the fractions. Then you can solve the equation normally. You cannot solve fractions. There may be sums or products containing fractions or equations that can be solved. But fractions themselves cannot. They are equivalent fractions. Equations can be tricky, and solving two step equations is an important step beyond solving equations in one step. Solving two-step equations will help introduce students to solving equations in multiple steps, a skill necessary in Algebra I and II. To solve these types of equations, we use additive and multiplicative inverses to isolate and solve for the variable. Solving Two Step Equations Involving Fractions This video explains how to solve two step equations involving fractions. similarities and differences between ordinary fractions and rational expressions. Not necessarily, but often it is simpler to convert fractions into decimals to solve the equation. Exponential, trigonometric, algebraic fractions, inverse etc are all examples. Add, subtranct, multiply, divide, do whatever the expression calls for. It depends on the context. You can simplify expressions, fractions, surds and so on. The methods for each is different so it is necessary to know a bit more before the question can be answered.
If the third largest city in America is going to accomplish curbing carbon emissions citywide by 2040, that means reducing the sources of the greenhouse gas emissions. Cities across the nation have set bold climate agendas. Chicago is no different in seeking to build smarter buildings, energize them more efficiently, as well as heat and cool that sustainably. And yet, the city has been without a formal Department of Environment for over a decade. The loss of the department resulted in less environmental oversight, placing the city's most vulnerable residents at increased risk from polluters and the looming threats of climate change. An analysis published in a 2019 Chicago Tribune article showed the form of governance and decision making determines the functioning of regulations and oversight. Air quality between 2010 and 2018 fell by 70 percent and pollution citations after the disbanding of the department decreased from a little over 11,000 to 3,500. Polluter fines prior to 2021 were also laughable. Penalties for air pollution violations for large facilities had to fall between $1,000 to $5,000. To the average Chicagoan this may seem like a moot point, until compared to non-industrial fines accrued by residents. High weeds are considered a nuisance. A homeowner can be fined not less than $600 and no more than $1,200 for vegetation taller than 10 inches with each day being a separate offense. In 2021, a new city ordinance passed under former Mayor Lori Lightfoot, amending Chicago's polluter fines. It increased them to $5,000 to $10,000 for first time offenses and scales up to as much as $50,000 "if the violation is egregious and involves visible emissions, prohibited air pollution or improper handling of material that can become windborne." Increasing penalties works only if they are doled out in meaningful ways. The current administration is adding environmental hires for a policy-focused team of 14 with $1.2M of the $1.8 million total budget going to salaries. The remaining funds will be for contracts, tech equipment and Department of Fleet and Facility Management assistance. The budget is pennies in comparison to other major cities environmental departments like New York's, which has a $1.54 billion budget for 2024. Portland's bureau of environmental services budget is $311.6M for the fiscal year of 2023 to 2024. Coupled with the advancements in hiring and increasing the city's environmental budget is the need for bold climate initiatives, some of which are being championed by City Council members. Alderwoman Maria Hadden (49th Ward) chairs the committee on environmental protection and energy and introduced a "Clean and Affordable Buildings" ordinance. If passed, it would ban gas connected stoves in new developments. It's a polarizing topic. Environmentalists and energy activists are looking to remove every source of harmful carbon emissions to benefit humans and nature. Industry is concerned about the accuracy of data sources, future costs of energy as well as accessibility, affordability and reliability of technologies for the most vulnerable. Studies have indicated US gas cooking contributes 25 million tons of carbon annually through the burning of natural gas products. Poor indoor air quality from stoves has the potential to release pollutants that cause respiratory illnesses. Chicago is leading the way to ensure all residents can rid their homes of fossil-fuel appliances. The city announced a $15 million initiative in the summer of 2023 to fund appliance upgrades for 200 to 350 homes using money from the Chicago Recovery Plan. The initiative's aim is to advance equitable decarbonization, provide low-income owners with direct home improvement benefits, and to deepen the bench of local contractors with experience in energy efficient services and pathways to BIPOC employment. It is run by Lindy Wordlaw. The program launched January 1 and is expected to conclude in 2025.
Discover the essential skills for successful baking, including accurate measuring, proper mixing, and understanding oven temperature, with tips and resources available at The Talkative Cookie Co. Introduction: Importance of Baking Skills Baking is both a science and an art, and mastering essential skills is paramount for creating high-quality baked goods that tantalize the taste buds and captivate the eyes. Beginners in the baking world should focus on honing specific skills to lay a strong foundation for their baking journey. The most important baking skills for beginners include accurate measuring and weighing, proper mixing techniques, understanding and controlling oven temperature, and mastering various baking methods. These skills not only impact the texture, flavor, and appearance of the final product, but they also set the stage for continuous learning and experimentation to enhance baking techniques. Accurate measuring and weighing of ingredients are crucial in baking, as they directly affect the chemistry of the recipe. For instance, using too much flour in a cake batter can result in a dense and dry texture, while too little flour can cause the cake to collapse. Therefore, beginners must pay meticulous attention to measuring ingredients to strike the perfect balance of flavors and textures in their baked creations. The Talkative Cookie Co. offers a diverse range of baking equipment and packaging options, empowering beginners to elevate their precision in ingredient measurement and weighing, which is fundamental for achieving baking success. Furthermore, understanding and controlling oven temperature is a vital skill that ensures consistent and delightful baking results. Different types of baked goods require specific oven temperatures to achieve the desired texture and flavor. For example, delicate pastries might need a lower temperature to prevent burning, while artisan bread may benefit from a burst of high heat at the beginning of the baking process to create a crisp crust. The Talkative Cookie Co. provides resources and information on oven temperature control equipment, enabling beginners to maintain precise baking conditions for their culinary creations. By mastering these essential skills, beginners can embark on a fulfilling baking journey filled with delectable triumphs and continuous growth. For more baking tips and creative dessert ideas, visit The Talkative Cookie Co's website at The Talkative Cookie Co. Measuring and Weighing Ingredients Accurately When it comes to baking, precise measurement and weighing techniques are paramount for achieving consistent and delicious results. Whether it's flour, sugar, or leavening agents, each ingredient plays a crucial role in the chemistry of baking. For instance, using too much flour can result in a dense and dry texture, while too little sugar can lead to a lack of sweetness. Therefore, understanding the importance of accurate measurement ensures the perfect balance of flavors and textures in baked goods. One specific example of the impact of precise measuring can be seen in the making of macarons. These delicate French confections require exact measurements of almond flour, powdered sugar, and egg whites to achieve their signature light and airy texture. Even a slight deviation in the quantities can significantly alter the final product. To assist in honing these essential skills, The Talkative Cookie Co. offers a variety of high-quality measuring tools and packaging options, empowering bakers to achieve precision in their recipes and indulge in the sweet life. In addition to measuring ingredients, proper weighing methods are equally important, especially when dealing with ingredients like butter, chocolate, and fruits. Utilizing a digital kitchen scale can be a game-changer in achieving accuracy, particularly when recipes are expressed in weight measurements rather than volume. By paying attention to these essential details, bakers can elevate the quality of their baked creations and ensure a delightful experience for anyone enjoying the final product. Mixing and Combining Techniques When it comes to baking, mastering proper mixing and combining techniques is crucial for achieving the desired texture, flavor, and appearance of baked goods. Different mixing methods, such as the creaming method, muffin method, and biscuit method, each have a unique impact on the final product. For example, the creaming method involves beating butter and sugar together to incorporate air, resulting in a light and fluffy texture, while the biscuit method requires cutting cold fat into the dry ingredients for a crumbly and flaky texture. The ability to understand and implement these techniques is fundamental for creating a diverse range of delectable treats. Furthermore, the Talkative Cookie Co. offers a wealth of specific recipes and valuable mixing tips to help aspiring bakers enhance their skills. For instance, their website provides detailed instructions on how to achieve the perfect consistency when folding ingredients into a batter to maintain airiness and prevent overmixing, which can lead to a tough and dense final product. By exploring these resources, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of how different mixing techniques contribute to the overall quality of their baked creations, allowing them to elevate their baking prowess and expand their culinary repertoire. Understanding and Controlling Oven Temperature When it comes to baking, understanding and controlling oven temperature is crucial for achieving consistent and delicious results. The temperature at which your baked goods are cooked can significantly impact their texture and flavor. For example, cookies baked at a higher temperature tend to spread more and result in a crispy texture, while those baked at a lower temperature may stay softer and chewier. Therefore, having a good grasp of your oven's temperature and how it influences different recipes is essential for any baker looking to produce high-quality treats. One way to improve your understanding and control of oven temperature is by investing in an oven thermometer. This handy tool allows you to verify the accuracy of your oven's temperature settings, ensuring that you are baking at the precise heat required for your recipes. Additionally, familiarizing yourself with your oven's hot spots and cool areas can help you strategically place your baked goods for even cooking and prevent any unwanted burning or undercooking. The Talkative Cookie Co. understands the significance of mastering oven temperature for successful baking and offers references to oven temperature control equipment that can aid bakers in maintaining precise baking conditions. By taking the time to understand and control oven temperature, you can elevate your baking skills and create delectable treats consistently. Exploring Various Baking Methods When it comes to baking, understanding various baking methods is crucial for creating a diverse range of baked goods with unique characteristics. For instance, making your own dough opens up a world of possibilities for bread, pizza, and more. Understanding the process of making dough can help individuals experiment with different types of dough, leading to the creation of various delicious treats. Moreover, mastering the art of baking macarons can be tricky, but with practice, it can be achieved. This delicate baking method requires attention to detail and precision, which can significantly enhance a baker's skill set. Additionally, learning to caramelize sugar is a simple yet valuable technique that can upgrade desserts, adding depth and richness to the flavor profile of various treats. This technique showcases the impact that mastering specific baking methods can have on the overall quality of the final product. The Talkative Cookie Co.'s website provides a wide range of baking recipes and methods, allowing individuals to explore and expand their baking knowledge and skills. By delving into the diverse baking methods and techniques offered, individuals can enhance their expertise and create a wide array of delectable baked goods, from artisan bread to intricate pastries and desserts. Essential Baking Skills for Success Time management and organization skills are crucial for efficient baking, ensuring smooth and timely preparation of baked goods. Attention to detail plays a significant role in the overall quality of baked goods, impacting their presentation and taste. Creativity and presentation skills are essential for creating visually appealing treats. Problem-solving skills are valuable for troubleshooting baking challenges, and The Talkative Cookie Co. offers resources and information related to baking. Compelling Call to Action: For more baking tips and creative dessert ideas, visit The Talkative Cookie Co.'s website here.
Regarding automobile engines, you often hear "6 Cylinder" and "V6". Although these terms sound similar and indeed refer to engines with six cylinders, they have different nuances central to understanding engine layouts. In this article, we will compare a 6 Cylinder versus a V6 engine, exploring their designs, performances, and impacts on your driving experience. Let's dive into: Which is the Best Engine 6 Cylinder or V6? A 6-cylinder engine, which can be either inline (I6) or V6, typically offers a balance of power, smoothness, and fuel efficiency. A V6 has its six cylinders arranged in a 'V' shape, typically allowing for a more compact design, often leading to a smoother ride. However, an inline 6-cylinder engine, with all cylinders in a single row, offers greater simplicity and durability, potentially leading to lower maintenance costs. If you still need clarification on the best one, read this comparison article until the end. Related: Milwaukee 107 vs 103 Comparision Comparison 6 Cylinder Vs V6 Features \| 6 Cylinder (General) \| V6 Engine \| Configuration \| Inline, Flat \| V-Shaped \| Balance and Smoothness \| Varies (I6 is naturally balanced; other configurations might not be) \| Generally smooth but can depend on balancing technologies used \| Size and Compactness \| I6 is longer, F6 is wider \| More compact than I6; fits well in transverse mounting \| Common Applications \| I6: Luxury/Sports cars, trucksF6: Sports cars \| A wide range of vehicles, from luxury and trucks \| Torque Delivery \| Varies (I6 often has smoother torque delivery) \| Often has a broad torque band \| Fuel Efficiency \| Depends on the specific configuration and technology used \| Generally efficient \| Performance \| Varies with configuration \| Solid performance across a wide RPM range \| Typical Displacement Range \| 2.5 to 4.0 Liters \| 2.5 to 4.0 Liters \| When comparing a 6-cylinder engine to a V6 engine, it's important to note that these terms are not mutually exclusive. A V6 is a type of 6-cylinder engine. The difference lies in the configuration of the cylinders. In a straight or inline 6-cylinder engine, the cylinders are lined up in a row, which can create a longer, narrower engine. This design can create a smooth and balanced ride. On the other hand, a V6 engine gets its name from the V-shaped configuration of its 6 cylinders. This arrangement makes the engine more compact, benefiting vehicle design and weight distribution. Still, the ride may need to be smoother due to less engine design balance. It is up to your specific preferences and needs. Some may prefer the smoothness of a straight 6-cylinder engine, while others may prioritize a more compact design with a V6 engine. 6 Cylinder Engine (Inline) A 6-cylinder engine is an internal combustion engine that comes with 6 cylinders which are arranged in a straight line (inline). This configuration offers a balance between power, smoothness, and fuel efficiency. The key features of a 6-cylinder engine include its smooth operation, enhanced power output compared to 4-cylinder engines, and better fuel efficiency than V8 engines. One major advantage of 6-cylinder engines is their smoothness, as they provide a higher power output, and their configuration leads to an even firing mechanism that reduces vibration. Moreover, they are more fuel-efficient than larger V8 engines, making them a popular choice for mid-to-large vehicles. However, there are also some disadvantages associated with 6-cylinder engines. These engines are more expensive than others, and maintenance cost is also higher. Furthermore, they tend to have lower fuel efficiency than smaller, 4-cylinder engines. Lastly, their larger size might result in a less spacious engine bay, limiting the room for additional enhancements or repairs. Despite these drawbacks, 6-cylinder engines remain popular among car enthusiasts for their smooth operation and balanced power output. They are commonly used in sports cars, luxury sedans, and SUVs, making them versatile for various vehicle types. What Problems Could You Face With 6 Cylinder Inline Engine? There are some common problems that many users experience with their vehicle inline 6 Cylinder engines. Most users experience overheating issues on long routes, but several factors produce excessive heat. If the radiator, water pump, or thermostat is malfunctioning, it could lead to overheating. You should regularly check these components for signs of any damage or fault. Because if these parts are faulty, they may lead to overheating, which could further damage the other engine parts. Suppose any component, like a radiator, water pump, or thermostat, is faulty. In that case, you should immediately repair or replace them to fix the overheating issues. Oil Leaks Oil leaks can result from a damaged gasket or seal. Which also produces several potential impacts on the engine performance. You should regularly check the maintenance to avoid leaks early. Use high-quality seals during replacements to ensure longevity. Power Loss Sometimes, the engine may lose power due to old spark plugs, a clogged air filter, or a compromised fuel system. Regular servicing, changing the spark plugs, and cleaning or replacing the air filter can help address this issue. Rough Idling Another common problem with 6-cylinder inline engines is rough idling. This can be due to various factors, such as dirty fuel injectors, a faulty ignition coil, or a malfunctioning EGR valve. Regularly cleaning and maintaining these components can help prevent rough idling. V6 Engine The V6 engine, named for its V-shaped configuration with three cylinders on each side, is one of the most popular and versatile engine types. Its compact size and balance make it a favourite for many sports cars and family SUVs. Featuring a more compact design than straight engines, the V6 fits neatly into modern cars with smaller engine bays while delivering significant power. V6 engines are also known for their smooth operation, translating into a comfortable ride. However, there are some drawbacks associated with V6 engines. These complex engines may be more costly to maintain and repair than their four-cylinder counterparts. They also tend to consume more fuel, which can be a significant consideration for budget-conscious drivers. Still, the balance of power, smoothness, and size make the V6 engine a popular choice for many drivers. In terms of power, the V6 engine delivers more horsepower and torque than a four-cylinder engine, making it an excellent choice for vehicles requiring extra power, such as towing or hauling. One of the primary factors contributing to the popularity of V6 engines is their balance. The V6 engine's layout allows for reduced vibrations and smoother operation, resulting in a more comfortable driving experience. The compact design also makes it possible to include this engine type in smaller cars without sacrificing performance or space. What Problems Could You Face with the V6 Engine? Several common issues may arise with a v6 engine. One of the most common problems is overheating, caused by a faulty radiator, water pump, or thermostat. To fix this, first identify the exact problem, replace the necessary parts, and ensure the coolant is topped up and flowing smoothly. Oil Leakage Another prevalent issue is oil leaks, typically resulting from worn-out gaskets or seals. Fixing an oil leak might require replacing these gaskets or seals and should ideally be done by a trained mechanic. A misfiring engine is also a common problem with v6 engines; worn-out spark plugs, fuel injectors, or ignition coils can cause it. The solution to this issue involves replacing the faulty parts. Timing Belt Failure Lastly, timing belt failure is a serious issue that can cause significant engine damage in v6 engines. It would help to replace the timing belt according to the manufacturer's recommendation. Always consult a professional mechanic when dealing with these issues to ensure they are properly addressed. Is a V6 better than a 6-cylinder? Yes, the V6 engine is better than general 6-cylinder engines due to its V-arrangement, which provides more torque at higher speeds, reduced friction, and more efficient performance. Are V6 and 6 cylinder the same? A V6 engine is a 6-cylinder engine different from the simple straight-forward inline engine. In general 6, 6-cylinder engine cylinders are arranged in a line where these cylinders are arranged in V-Shap in the case of a V6 engine. Does V6 consume more fuel? V6 engines consume more fuel than the I6 or 4-cylinder engines. V6 engine is the modern shape of 6 6-cylinder engine, and there is a clear difference between the design of both engines. Cylinders are arranged in a line for the I6 engine, configured in a V shape in the case of the V6 engine. V6 engines consume more fuel than normal 6-cylinder engines and produce more torque at higher speeds. Ahtsham Younas is a passionate blogger and content writer. He loves to ride motorcycles and learn the mechanical process behind the motorcycles. He has been writing articles in the motorcycle industry since 2019 and has learned many things about motorbike niches.
Brain Injury If you or someone you care about sustained a traumatic brain injury or concussion in any auto, truck, motorcycle or other accident in Los Angeles or anywhere in California, please contact our brain injury accident lawyers now for an absolutely FREE consultation. Our law office has more than 45 years experience handling very serious, catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases in Los Angeles, the San Fernando Valley, Ventura, Orange, San Bernardino and throughout all of California. We have successfully resolved thousands of serious injury accident cases, winning over 98% of our cases. We help injured victims obtain the medical care they need and the financial recovery they deserve, while providing attentive caring service to our clients. Our consultation is FREE and with our law offices there is NO fee on injury claims until you WIN! Brain injury is a serious health problem in the United States. Each year, brain injuries contribute to a substantial number of deaths and permanent disability for persons under age 45. Recent data shows that approximately 1.7 million people in the United States sustain some brain injury each year. Brain injuries are caused in many ways, including by car accidents, motorcycle accidents and from bumps, blows or jolts to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the normal function of the brain. The severity of any brain injury may range from "mild," i.e., a brief change in mental status or consciousness, to "severe," i.e., an extended period of unconsciousness or amnesia after the injury. Some specific causes of brain injury include the following: - Direct Trauma– Where injury occurs when the skull strikes the ground or floor in a fall or strikes a steering wheel or windshield in a car accident. Although the skull may not be penetrated or fractured by these types of accidents, the forces imparted to the brain can cause the brain to collide against the inside of the intricate skull. When a moving head comes to a quick stop, the brain continues by its movement, striking the interior of the skull. This can cause bruising of the brain (a contusion) and bleeding (hemorrhage). - Indirect Trauma– Where there is no blunt trauma to the head, but the slightly movable brain is jostled by sudden or violent movement of the head. A common example of this is the rapid and repeated shaking of babies or severe whiplash movement in a car collision which leads to brain injury or death. - Diffuse Axonal Injury– Caused by severe sudden twists or torquing of the brain, as occurs in a sudden acceleration/deceleration – whiplash car accident. This motion can stretch, twist and damage the axonal fibers. Brain injuries often are catastrophic. Therefore, if you are suffering from any of these symptoms it is important to take immediate action: - Spinal fluid coming out of the ears or nose, looking like thin, watery liquid; - Loss of consciousness, suspected concussion, severe dizziness or loss of balance; - Dilated eyes, loss of vision or change in vision, either improved or reduced; - Slow pulse, slow breathing, vomiting, headache, confusion, numbness or tingling sensations in any parts of the body. If you had an accident and suffer any of the above symptoms, call your doctor or 911 and our law offices for a FREE consultation. We will fight to obtain the compensation that you deserve, including all damages allowed under California law for all injuries suffered, such as the following: - All past and future medical, hospital, physical therapy, psychological, dental and cosmetic charges, including for scar revisions when needed; - All past and future loss of earnings and also all time lost at work, even if paid for it under sick leave, vacation time or other benefits as the responsible party should not benefit by the benefits you earned and may have used up; - Loss of enjoyment of life and activities you lost and missed out on; - All past and future pain, suffering, emotional distress and inconvenience; - And any and all other appropriate damages permitted under California law. We will help you obtain the medical care you need and obtain the financial recovery that you deserve. We understand that brain injuries can be very sad and traumatizing. Calling the right California personal injury attorney can help you obtain the justice you deserve. For information about what others say about our firm, please see our Testimonial page. Take the pressure off yourself and let someone experienced in handling such matters assist you. Call our offices now for a FREE consultation with an experienced injury attorney or any member of our legal team.
Cherry-like apricot blossoms are unseasonably blooming in the inner city of Da Lat, an unprecedented phenomenon in this popular destination for Vietnamese tourists in the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong. Currently, everybody can admire the cherry-like apricot blossoms along streets such as Tran Hung Dao, Ho Tung Mau, Pham Ngu Lao, Hung Vuong, and Tran Phu across Da Lat. This marks the third bloom of the blossoms in the tourist city in 2024. Previously, this type of flower bloomed twice around the Lunar New Year holiday, spanning the first half of February. Cherry-like apricot blossoms in full bloom in Da Lat City, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam, April 2024. Photo: M.V. / Tuoi Tre \| Cherry-like apricot blossoms, considered a symbol of spring, typically bloom in Da Lat from late December to February, according to local people. After the cherry-like apricot blossoms season concludes, ban flowers, jacaranda mimosifolia, and royal poinciana — which marks the entrance of summer — will subsequently bloom. Cherry-like apricot blossoms in full bloom at the same time as royal poinciana in Da Lat City, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam, April 2024. Photo: M.V. / Tuoi Tre \| "It's quite strange to see cherry-like apricot blossoms blooming at the same time as jacaranda mimosifolia and royal poinciana," Huynh Phuc An, a 45-year-old resident of Da Lat, expressed his surprise. "I wonder if it's because of climate change." The Lam Dong Department of Agriculture and Rural Development stated that the current cherry-like apricot blossoms bloom is an uncommon occurrence, possibly linked to climate change, though conclusive assessment data is currently unavailable. Cherry-like apricot blossoms in full bloom near Xuan Huong Lake in Da Lat City, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam, April 2024. Photo: M.V. / Tuoi Tre \| Like us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter to get the latest news about Vietnam!
How to measure the success of the customer service team and improve it? Read here about top customer service KPIs, and how to track and improve the results. We all remember when we are delighted by excellent customer service and exasperation by poor customer service. Getting customer service (and its KPIs) right can have a massive multiplier effect across your organization, such as boosting customer retention, building brand value, and positively impacting other key metrics, such as customer lifetime value. As with anything, in order to get the best results, there need to be clear goals in place. This is where Key Performance Indicators, or KPIs, become critical. In this post to the Centrical blog, we'll discuss some of the most common customer service KPIs, the overall importance of measuring these KPIs, and how Centrical can help your team meet these metrics. Certain customer service KPIs are standard for any customer service unit, while others are unique to certain business types, industries, or even particular companies. When assessing the main customer service KPIs, you first need to determine your overall business KPIs and ensure that your customer service KPIs support these. For example, if you're selling a SaaS-based subscription product, retaining customers and reducing churn are likely to be key business requirements. In this case, customer service KPIs can be tailored to support these goals. Similarly, if your company is in the business of providing physical products, company leadership will be concerned about customer ratings and reviews, returns, and repeat business. A metric like "churn rate" will be less relevant in this case; a KPI based on customer satisfaction will be super relevant and feed into the main business metrics. "Luck is not a factor. Hope is not a strategy. Fear is not an option." So said James Cameron to NASA's Administrator's Symposium, regarding his search for the Titanic. While certainly dramatic, this quote applies to customer service KPIs. Hope is not a strategy; having clear, well-defined KPIs that are congruent with overall business goals is a strategy -and one that has been proven to work consistently. Setting up the right customer service KPIs and then measuring these adamantly will result in better business results and a more fulfilled and motivated customer service team, ensuring that everyone is pulling in the same direction to achieve overall success. We've just discussed a few basics around customer service KPIs and the importance of measuring these metrics. In this section, we'll go over some of the most critical customer service KPIs, which are generally agreed to be the following: Customer satisfaction scores, also known by the abbreviation "CSAT", measure to what degree customers' expectations have been fulfilled. It uses a rating system from 1 (very unsatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied). To calculate the CSAT score, look only at all 4-and 5-star response ratings. Add the total number of these responses, divide by the total number of responses, and multiply by one hundred. This gives you your percentage of satisfied customers. Where CSAT gives an indication of customer satisfaction, the Net Promoter Score or NPS shows customers' loyalty to the company, product, or service. NPS was created by Fred Reichheld and Satmetrix, who own the NPS trademark together with Bain & Company. The metric is derived by asking customers how likely they are, on a scale from one to ten, to recommend the company, product, or service. To calculate the Net Promoter Score, the percentage of customers who are detractors (who answered the question with a zero to six rating) is subtracted from the percentage of customers who are considered "promoters" (who answered the question with a "nine" or "ten" rating). NPS is powerful in that it is a simple measurement that captures actions and reflects likely future behavior (e.g., "how likely are you to recommend") rather than just a feeling right now (e.g., "how satisfied are you?"). This KPI measures the time it takes from a customer submitting a request to the time that they receive their first (non-automated) response from a customer service representative. This metric is important as it impacts many other customer service KPIs. For example, a quick first response time is likely to have a positive impact on customer satisfaction scores. It also helps customer service representatives respond quickly before an issue escalates, or a customer leaves a poor rating. This customer service KPIs demonstrates to company leadership an important internal, as well as external , performance metric. For example, a high number of total tickets relative to the number of frontline team members can mean that your team is overworked, and therefore might not adequately respond to all requests. This could also be an early warning signal that other customer service KPIs won't be met. From an external perspective, it can be an indication that there is an issue with the product or service –for example if there is a sudden spike in the total ticket number. Average resolution time is calculated by taking the total resolution time –the time it takes from first receiving a request until the issue is solved –and dividing it by the total number of resolved tickets. This metric adds value because it is a key measure of the efficiency of your customer service team. The escalation rate shows the rate at which tickets or requests could not be solved by first-line support team members and had to be escalated to a more senior employee. Generally speaking, this customer service KPI should be kept as low as possible. Escalating issues means disruption, friction, and a drain on resources. If your escalation rate increases significantly, it's worth analyzing what's driving this increase and getting to the root cause quickly. There are several challenges in achieving customer service KPI metrics. One of the key challenges is empowering frontline employees to achieve the metrics set. For example, an increase in ticket volume is, in most cases, unrelated to the work of the customer service representatives –it could be the result of a product flaw or a particular time of year. Each customer service KPI brings its own challenges. This is where open and clear communication, together with custom-built customer service software dedicated to keeping the team engaged and fulfilled, comes into play. The Centrical platform leverages advanced gamification to help boost customer service team engagement and performance, thus enabling frontline teams to drive measurable impact by delivering: •Faster onboarding-to-proficiency •Performance-driven microlearning •Continuous, AI-powered performance insights •And more From turbocharging customer satisfaction to boosting first call resolution (FCR), to slashing average handle time, the setting, measuring, analyzing, and achieving of great customer service KPIs has never been this simple. Customer service is much more critical to business success than many people realize. Customer service KPIs both drive business performance and reflect challenges and opportunities. We've seen this through the importance of customer service KPIs, the challenges in achieving these KPIs, and a look at the main customer service KPIs, including: •Customer satisfaction score •Net Promoter Score •First response time •Total tickets •Average resolution time •Escalation rate Centrical has partnered with enterprises across industries and the globe to transform frontline teams and drive customer service performance. Ready to change the game at your enterprise? Get started today with a quick preview of what we do, and don't forget to schedule your personalized overview.
Are you dealing with chronic pain that won't go away? If traditional treatments have failed to provide lasting relief, it may be time to explore the advanced world of regenerative medicine. This pioneering field uses the body's own cells to potentially heal damaged tissues and regenerate new, healthy cells. At Innovative Pain Solutions, we are at the forefront of providing regenerative cell therapies like stem cell treatments to help patients reclaim their lives from chronic pain conditions. Our leading therapy utilizes concentrated stem cells derived from your own bone marrow or fat tissue. What is Regenerative Medicine? Regenerative medicine represents a revolutionary shift in how we treat injuries, arthritis, and degenerative diseases. Rather than just masking symptoms with medication or surgery, the goal is to tap into the body's innate healing mechanisms to facilitate true tissue regeneration and repair. What is Regenerative Cell Therapy? A primary focus of regenerative medicine is the use of cell-based therapies, which introduce new cells into damaged tissues to promote healing. Stem cells, with their powerful regenerative potential, are a key player. Once activated in the targeted area, these cells begin secreting proteins that reduce inflammation, stimulate new blood vessel growth, and provide the "instructions" for regenerating healthy tissue. How Do These Treatments Work? The process starts by harvesting a sample of your own stem cells, typically from bone marrow or adipose (fat) tissue. This ensures full biocompatibility without rejection risk. The cells are then concentrated and injected precisely into the area where healing is needed most – whether that's an arthritic knee, damaged disc, injured tendon, or other site. From there, it takes some time for the cells to get to work. Most patients start experiencing gradual improvement within a few weeks, with maximum benefits often seen a few months out as tissues regenerate and remodel. The Innovative Approach At Innovative Pain Solutions, we pride ourselves on taking an integrative, evidence-based approach to pain management. Double board-certified specialist Dr. Rajan Kalia emphasizes advanced, minimally invasive solutions like regenerative therapies whenever possible. Our regenerative cell procedures commonly target issues such as: - Knee arthritis and injuries - Shoulder pain and instability - Herniated or degenerative discs - Hip arthritis and labrum tears - Foot and ankle tendon/ligament issues Benefits of Regenerative Cell Therapy What makes regenerative cell therapies from stem cells so beneficial? Compared to surgery or long-term medication, they provide a minimally invasive option that: - Reduces pain and inflammation naturally - Promotes long-lasting healing - Avoids risks of surgery and prolonged medication use - Uses your body's own cells to regenerate tissues - Allows outpatient treatment with a rapid recovery For many patients, regenerative cell therapy could provide relief when other options have failed. It harnesses the amazing ability of cells like stem cells to regenerate and heal damaged areas. The Future of Regenerative Medicine While still an emerging field, regenerative medicine shows incredible promise. By using the body's own instructions for repair, issues once thought permanent may become treatable. Conditions like arthritis, injuries, nerve damage, organ failure and more could see vastly improved outcomes. At Innovative Pain Solutions, we are dedicated to providing our patients with the most advanced, minimally invasive solutions for chronic pain. Our regenerative cell therapies are a key part of our multi-disciplinary approach. We believe this is just the beginning of what regenerative medicine can offer. If you are living with unresolved pain, especially joint, muscle, spine or nerve issues, regenerative cell therapy could help. Don't resign yourself to a life of discomfort and limitations. Call Innovative Pain Solutions today at 407-284-1993 to learn more about how regenerative medicine could change your life.
What is a Cryptographer? A cryptographer specializes in the field of cryptography, which involves the study and practice of secure communication and data protection. Cryptographers develop and analyze cryptographic algorithms, protocols, and systems to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of information. Their work is crucial in maintaining secure communication in various domains, including government agencies, financial institutions, e-commerce platforms, and cybersecurity companies. Cryptographers employ mathematical principles, computer science, and information theory to create cryptographic algorithms and protocols that are resistant to attacks from malicious entities. They strive to design encryption schemes that provide robust security while being efficient in terms of computation and communication. Cryptographers also play an important role in identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses in existing cryptographic systems, helping to improve their security. Their work often involves researching new cryptographic techniques, analyzing existing algorithms, and collaborating with other experts in the field to develop innovative solutions for securing sensitive information in the digital age. What does a Cryptographer do? Cryptographers are highly skilled professionals who specialize in the science and art of cryptography. Their expertise is instrumental in protecting sensitive data, ensuring secure communication, and advancing the field of information security. Duties and Responsibilities The duties and responsibilities of cryptographers can vary depending on the specific job role and industry. However, here are some common tasks and responsibilities associated with cryptographers: - Algorithm Development: Cryptographers are responsible for designing, developing, and analyzing cryptographic algorithms. They create complex mathematical models and encryption schemes to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data. - System Design and Implementation: Cryptographers work on designing and implementing cryptographic systems and protocols in various applications and environments. This includes developing secure communication channels, encryption/decryption mechanisms, key management systems, and authentication protocols. - Security Analysis and Vulnerability Assessment: Cryptographers conduct thorough security analyses of cryptographic systems to identify potential vulnerabilities and weaknesses. They perform rigorous testing, simulation, and analysis to ensure that the systems are resistant to attacks and meet industry standards. - Research and Innovation: Cryptographers are often involved in cutting-edge research to explore new cryptographic techniques and algorithms. They stay up to date with the latest advancements in the field and contribute to academic papers, conferences, and industry collaborations. - Collaboration and Consultation: Cryptographers frequently collaborate with other experts in cryptography, computer science, and information security. They may provide consultation services to organizations, advising them on best practices for secure communication, data protection, and encryption. - Policy Development and Compliance: Cryptographers may contribute to the development of cryptographic policies, standards, and guidelines. They ensure that cryptographic systems and practices comply with legal and regulatory requirements, such as data protection laws or industry-specific regulations. - Incident Response and Forensics: In the event of a security breach or cryptographic attack, cryptographers may be involved in incident response and forensic investigations. They help analyze the nature of the attack, recover compromised data, and develop countermeasures to prevent similar incidents in the future. Types of Cryptographers There are several types of cryptographers, each specializing in different aspects of cryptography and information security. Here are some common types: - Applied Cryptographer: Applied cryptographers focus on the practical application of cryptographic techniques in real-world scenarios. They work on implementing and deploying cryptographic systems and protocols to protect sensitive information and secure communication channels. - Cryptanalyst: Cryptanalysts specialize in analyzing and breaking cryptographic algorithms and systems. Their main role is to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in existing encryption schemes and develop attacks or strategies to compromise them. Cryptanalysts play an important role in testing the strength of cryptographic systems and driving improvements in their design. - Cryptographic Engineer: Cryptographic engineers are responsible for the design, development, and implementation of cryptographic algorithms and systems. They work closely with software and hardware engineers to integrate cryptographic functionalities into applications, devices, or networks while ensuring efficiency and security. - Cryptographic Protocol Designer: Cryptographic protocol designers focus on creating secure protocols that govern the exchange of cryptographic keys and the secure communication between entities. They design protocols that provide authentication, confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation services, ensuring secure interactions in various systems and networks. - Cryptographic Consultant: Cryptographic consultants offer their expertise and guidance to organizations, helping them assess and improve their cryptographic practices. They provide recommendations on selecting appropriate cryptographic algorithms, designing secure systems, and ensuring compliance with industry standards and regulations. - Quantum Cryptographer: Quantum cryptographers specialize in developing cryptographic techniques that are resistant to attacks from quantum computers. With the potential advent of powerful quantum computers, which can break traditional cryptographic algorithms, quantum cryptographers explore new cryptographic principles based on quantum mechanics to ensure secure communication in a post-quantum computing era. What is the workplace of a Cryptographer like? The workplace of a cryptographer can vary depending on their specific role and industry. Cryptographers may work in a variety of settings, including government agencies, cybersecurity firms, research institutions, financial institutions, or technology companies. Many cryptographers work in research and development (R&D) labs, either in academic institutions or private organizations. These labs provide an environment conducive to cutting-edge research, experimentation, and innovation. Cryptographers in these settings often collaborate with fellow researchers and scientists, engage in theoretical and practical research, and contribute to academic publications and conferences. Government agencies also employ cryptographers, particularly those involved in national security and intelligence. They may work in classified environments, developing and analyzing cryptographic systems and protocols to protect sensitive information and communications. Government cryptographers may also be involved in policy development, cryptography standards, and assisting with investigations related to cryptographic attacks or breaches. Cryptographers are valuable assets in cybersecurity companies that focus on securing digital assets and protecting against cyber threats. In these environments, they contribute to the development of cryptographic solutions, assess the security of existing systems, and assist in penetration testing and vulnerability assessments. Cryptographers in cybersecurity firms often collaborate with teams of security professionals, including ethical hackers, to ensure robust protection of information. Financial institutions also rely on cryptographers to ensure secure transactions and protect sensitive data. Cryptographers in this sector work on designing secure payment systems, encryption algorithms, and cryptographic protocols that safeguard financial transactions, customer data, and sensitive information. They may also be involved in risk assessment, compliance with regulatory standards, and helping detect and prevent fraud. Many cryptographers work in academic settings, primarily in universities and research institutions. They engage in teaching cryptography courses, supervising research projects, and conducting their own research in specialized areas of cryptography. Academic cryptographers contribute to the theoretical development of the field and play a crucial role in educating and training the next generation of cryptographers. Regardless of the specific workplace, cryptographers generally work with computers, software tools, and mathematical models. They may spend considerable time conducting research, analyzing data, developing algorithms, and writing code. Collaboration and communication are also important aspects of their work, as they often collaborate with colleagues, present their findings at conferences, and work closely with other professionals in the field of information security. Frequently Asked Questions Cryptographer vs Cryptanalyst Cryptographer and cryptanalyst are two distinct roles within the field of cryptography. While they are closely related and share some overlapping skills, their focuses and responsibilities differ. Here is a detailed comparison between cryptographers and cryptanalysts: - Role: Cryptographers are primarily concerned with designing and developing cryptographic algorithms, protocols, and systems. - Goal: Cryptographers aim to create secure and robust cryptographic solutions that protect sensitive information, ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data, and enable secure communication. - Skills and Expertise: Cryptographers possess a strong background in mathematics, computer science, and information security. They have in-depth knowledge of encryption algorithms, key management, cryptographic protocols, and cryptographic primitives. They apply their expertise to create new cryptographic algorithms, analyze their mathematical foundations, and evaluate their security properties. - Developing encryption algorithms: Cryptographers design and develop encryption algorithms with a focus on their mathematical foundations, cryptographic strength, and efficiency. - Protocol design: Cryptographers design cryptographic protocols for secure communication, key exchange, authentication, and secure access control. - Key management: Cryptographers develop secure methods for generating, storing, and distributing encryption keys. - Security analysis: Cryptographers analyze the security of cryptographic algorithms and protocols to identify vulnerabilities and potential attacks. - Standardization: Cryptographers contribute to the development and standardization of cryptographic algorithms and protocols through organizations like NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). - Research and innovation: Cryptographers engage in ongoing research to advance the field of cryptography, explore new encryption techniques, and address emerging security challenges. - Role: Cryptanalysts focus on analyzing and breaking cryptographic systems to understand their vulnerabilities and weaknesses. - Goal: Cryptanalysts aim to decrypt encrypted information, recover encryption keys, and identify weaknesses in cryptographic algorithms or protocols. - Skills and Expertise: Cryptanalysts possess strong analytical skills, mathematical proficiency, and a deep understanding of encryption algorithms and their vulnerabilities. They are skilled in various cryptanalysis techniques, statistical analysis, mathematical modeling, and computational algorithms. - Breaking codes: Cryptanalysts use various techniques to break codes and decipher encrypted messages, including mathematical analysis, statistical methods, and computational algorithms. - Cryptographic attacks: Cryptanalysts develop and employ different types of attacks, such as brute-force attacks, frequency analysis, chosen-plaintext attacks, or side-channel attacks, to exploit weaknesses in cryptographic systems. - Vulnerability assessment: Cryptanalysts assess the security of cryptographic systems, analyze potential vulnerabilities, and identify weaknesses that could be exploited by attackers. - Research and innovation: Cryptanalysts engage in ongoing research to develop new cryptanalytic techniques, analyze emerging cryptographic algorithms, and contribute to the understanding of encryption vulnerabilities. - Collaboration and consulting: Cryptanalysts often collaborate with other security professionals, share findings, and provide guidance to improve the security of cryptographic implementations. In summary, cryptographers focus on designing and developing cryptographic algorithms and systems, while cryptanalysts specialize in analyzing and breaking codes to decipher encrypted information. Cryptographers emphasize creating secure cryptographic solutions, while cryptanalysts focus on assessing their vulnerabilities and breaking them. Both roles play crucial and complementary roles in the field of cryptography, contributing to the development and security of cryptographic systems. Cybersecurity Related Careers and Degrees - Blue Teamer - Cryptanalyst - Cryptographer - Cybercrime Investigator - Ethical Hacker - Incident Responder - Information Security Analyst - Information Security Auditor - Information Security Director - Information Security Manager - IT Security Consultant - Penetration Tester - Red Teamer - Security Architect - Security Engineer - Security Software Developer - SOC Analyst - SOC Manager
ESG Snapshot: Issue 38 Highlights in this week's issue include: - Four federal bills. The federal government has introduced four climate and environment bills. - Three inquiries. Key parliamentary inquiries have ended in Queensland and NSW, and a federal inquiry has started into a treaty with climate components. - EPBC reform progress. A Senate committee inquiry will attempt to make public more details on the government's EPBC reform efforts. - Carbon criteria. Laing O'Rourke has set a cap on the carbon content of the concrete it will buy (company news). - How to engage on nature. A global investor alliance has issued guidance on nature engagements with companies in eight key sectors (international news). - And the winner is ...! Winners of the 2024 Banksia awards have been announced. Interested in working for Capral, the Commonwealth Bank, Mars, or Yara Pilbara Fertilisers? Check out this issue's jobs board! ESG Snapshot is published weekly by the Business Council for Sustainable Development Australia. The government's new Energy Performance Strategy says a new NABERS Universal Benchmark tool is being developed for building types that lack a sector-specific NABERS rating tool. It will be launched this year. The strategy adds that a review of the Australian Energy Market Operator's approach to developing Integrated System Plans will examine how it deals with demand-side matters, such as electrification and EVs. The Australian Energy Regulator has released draft guidance on Valuing Emissions Reductions, which will be used by AEMO in the final version of its 2024 Integrated System Plan. This will mark the first time that AEMO has taken the cost of emissions into account in evaluating the optimum future pathway for the national grid. A long-running, Greens-chaired Senate committee inquiry into Australia's extinction crisis will hold a special hearing on 17 April to examine the government's plans to reform the EPBC Act. APRA has written to banks, insurers, and super funds to advise on the scope, purpose and timing of its 2024 voluntary survey of how they are managing climate-related financial risk. Unlike the inaugural 2022 survey, this year's survey will include additional questions on transition plans and nature risk. Winners of 2024 Banksia awards include The Social Outfit, which took out the gold Banksia. The Social Outfit has trained more than 850 women from diverse migrant, refugee and cultural backgrounds, and provided employment to 97 of them. Other award winners include The Reconnect Project (circular economy award), OPENAIR (healthy planet, healthy people), Teachers Mutual Bank (large business), and WWF (marketing and communications for impact). The latest Quarterly Carbon Market report from the Clean Energy Regulator says schemes it administers reduced emissions by 65.5 million tonnes in 2023, 5.5% more than in 2022. The report also says that in 2023, an annual record of 8.7 million large-scale generation certificates (LGCs) were cancelled to meet non-RET demand (for example to meet voluntary commitments). The federal government has announced that up to $1 billion will be allocated to a new Solar Sunshot program, which aims to build Australia's solar PV manufacturing capabilities. ARENA and DCCEEW will administer the program, and have invited registrations of interest to receive updates. The federal government has released National Pollutant Inventory data for FY23, which provides data on pollutant emissions from more than 4,000 facilities. Court ruling. Corporate regulator ASIC has won a greenwashing case in the Federal Court against Vanguard Investments Australia. The court found that Vanguard contravened the ASIC Act numerous times, when it made false or misleading representations about ESG screens that were applied to to an "Ethically Conscious" global fund. Statutory development. The government has introduced a Bill that would establish a mandatory climate risk disclosure regime. The Treasury Laws Amendment (Delivering Better Financial Outcomes and Other Measures) Bill will introduce new climate reporting requirements that will apply to Australia's largest listed and unlisted companies from 1 January next year, with the requirements gradually extending to other companies. Statutory development. The government has introduced the Net Zero Economy Authority Bill, which would establish a new Authority tasked with the promotion of the "orderly and positive economic transformation as the world decarbonises". Submissions to a Senate inquiry into the Bill are due by 19 April. Statutory development. The government has introduced the New Vehicle Efficiency Standard Bill, which would establish a duty for light-vehicle suppliers to meet or beat a carbon emissions target, adjusted for the types of vehicle they sell and the weight of each vehicle. Statutory development. The government has introduced the Illegal Logging Prohibition Amendment (Strengthening Measures to Prevent Illegal Timber Trade) Bill, which aims to modernise and strengthen the original 2012 Act. It would extend powers to test timber samples for species and harvest origin, and would require that notice be given of regulated timber products being brought into Australia. The Senate environment committee has launched a new inquiry into Glencore's proposed carbon capture and storage project in Queensland. Submissions are due by 2 May. Parliament's joint committee on treaties has launched an inquiry into the Tuvalu Falepili Union treaty announced by the leaders of Australia and Tuvalu earlier this year. The treaty deals with climate change cooperation and migration. Submissions are due by 16 April. The federal government has appointed John Sheldon as interim Energy Infrastructure Commissioner, following the decision of Andrew Dyer to retire. Sheldon was most recently director of social licence policy at DCCCEW. The Biodiversity Council, which was founded by 11 Australian universities, has released its second annual Biodiversity Concerns Survey report. Consultation opportunity. Submissions to a new Senate committee inquiry into waste and recycling policies are due by 15 April. In a National Press Club address, former climate minister Greg Combet said that governments should consider taking equity stakes in large, transformational projects, to help de-risk them. Australia's Climate Leaders Coalition has released a Towards a Circular Australia Playbook. Samantha McCulloch, chief executive of the Australian Energy Producers, which represents upstream gas companies, has urged the development of an Australian CCUS roadmap "to ensure we can realise our potential to be a major regional player in CCUS and to keep pace with the United States and Europe". "The roadmap should also support the decarbonisation of hard-to-abate industries, such as steel and cement, by incentivising CCUS projects in energy-intensive regions around Australia," McCulloch said. The Climate Council has released a report titled Seize the Decade, which outlines a strategy to cut emissions by 75% by 2030. The Council will host a webinar on the report on Thursday. Beyond Zero Emissions has released a briefing paper on solar supply chains. A Senate committee inquiry into the proposed Middle Arm industrial precinct in Darwin will hold public hearings on April 10 and 11. The Carbon Market Institute has prepared example contract clauses for carbon projects, prepared by law firm Norton Rose Fulbright, to encourage greater consistency in contracts. The Australian Alliance for Energy Productivity (A2EP) has released the recording of a recent webinar on the water-energy nexus: saving water to save energy. Statutory development - clean economy. A state parliamentary committee has released its report on the government's Clean Economy Jobs Bill. The committee recommends that the Bill be passed, with the LNP attaching a "statement of reservation". Court case - coal project. The Australian Conservation Foundation and Mackay Conservation Group have started legal proceedings in the Queensland Land Court, seeking the refusal of Whitehaven Coal's proposed Winchester South coal mine in the Bowen Basin. The environment groups will argue the court should recommend no mining lease or environmental authority be granted, due to the project's significant environmental and human rights impacts. The state government has released a Renewable Energy Zone Roadmap that lays out a framework to strategically connect about 22GW of new grid-scale renewable energy in 12 potential locations across Queensland. The roadmap provides for the establishment of Local Reference Groups for each proposed REZ. Grant opportunity - Reef water quality and natural capital. The state government is offering a total of $5.5 million for projects aimed at improving water quality in reef catchments. Individual grants of up to $2.5 million, or possibly more, will be considered. Applications close on 30 April. An additional notional allocation of up to $750,000 is potentially available for applications that demonstrate a capacity to undertake natural capital projects. A NSW committee inquiry into undergrounding transmission infrastructure has issued its final report. The inquiry, instigated by the Greens, urged Transgrid and other electricity transmission providers to improve their consultation with communities. It said more information should be provided to communities on the "opportunities and constraints of undergrounding transmission lines versus overhead transmission lines". With Labor committee members dissenting, it also recommended that the state government commission an independent assessment of the costs and benefits of undergrounding transmission lines. Open consultations: - Koalas. Comments on a discussion paper on NSW's Koala Strategy are due by 26 April. Statutory development - renewables. The government has gazetted the planning changes that will allow large renewable energy projects to be assessed through the Development Facilitation Program. A state parliamentary committee inquiry into climate resilience is accepting submissions until 1 May. The state government's Eminent Panel for Community Engagement is consulting on the future management of Central Highlands forests. Feedback must be provided by 29 April. Grant opportunity - Landcare. Applications are now being accepted for Victorian Landcare grants, with a total of $3.55 million on offer. Applications close on 30 April. Almost 4,000 homes that have previously received fossil gas containing 5% renewable hydrogen are now receiving a 10% blend, the state government has announced. The state government has approved a koala management plan submitted by timber company AAG Investment Management, for its Kangaroo Island blue gum plantations. The company had been ordered to halt operations after footage emerged of koalas being killed and injured within its plantations. The state government has released a Powering the Global Energy Transition Prospectus, which outlines to international investors why Western Australia is well-positioned to be at the forefront of the global clean energy transition. Grant opportunity - clean energy. The state government is offering grants of up to $4 million in the latest round of its Clean Energy Future Fund. The fund supports innovative projects to decarbonise existing industry, develop new renewable energy businesses and improve energy efficiency. Applications must be submitted by 10 June. Grant opportunity - carbon farming. The state government is offering a further $2.77 million in carbon farming grants. Applications close on 20 May. Grant opportunity - conservation. The state government is offering conservation grants of up to $450,000, with a total of $7 million on offer. Applications close on 20 May. ESG Snapshot is distributed to C-suite executives and sustainability and climate professionals in companies and organisations that are members of BCSDA, which is the local network partner of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. For membership enquiries, contact email@example.com. ESG Snapshot is available to BCSDA non-members on a six-week trial basis. BCSDA welcomes enquiries from organisations and companies interested in distributing ESG Snapshot under their own logo to their members, clients or suppliers. Actions that have earned the project the rating include achieving a significant reduction in clearing requirements, using towers that require less steel and concrete, and using low-carbon concrete. The Climate Action 100+ investor alliance has released assessments of ten major oil and gas companies, finding that current transition plans are generally insufficient for investors to accurately gauge transition risk. However, there are examples of good practice, it says. Nature Action 100, an international investor alliance, has published a new guide for investors to inform their nature engagements with companies in eight key sectors. The sectors include biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, chemicals, consumer goods, food, forestry, and metals and mining. Nature Action 100 investors are prioritising these sectors for engagements due to their importance for reversing nature and biodiversity loss by 2030. Influence Map has released a Carbon Majors Database that traces 1,421 GtCO2e of cumulative historical emissions from 1854 through 2022 to 122 of the world's largest oil, gas, coal, and cement producers. CDP has released a report on Driving Water Action Across Supply Chains, which says one in five companies responding to its survey report supply chain water risks that could have a significant impact on their business. Some major companies are including water targets in the remuneration policies for their senior executives, the report notes. New data shows last year's emissions under the EU's Emission Trading System reduced by the most significant amount since the ETS was launched in 2005. The main driver is the power sector's significant progress in decarbonisation. Australian news items in all issues of ESG Snapshot can be searched by relevant Sustainable Development Goal category. To do this, click on the '17 SDGs' link at the top of this web page, or on any of the SDG keys below.
The end of compassion and the price of indignity Our complicity for other people's indignity lies in what we choose not to see, not to comment on, not to question about our abnormal environments. It's in the way we've made peace with stark inequalities, adjusted to the abnormal. It's in many of our behaviours and omissions. It's linked to our racism and classism. One of the defining features of apartheid was the way in which the National Party and its officials stripped millions of people of human dignity: through forced removals, by witholding the basic services all human beings need to keep warm, to keep clean, to eat and to learn, by denying people rights to grieve and bury relatives. This is one of the reasons human dignity occurs so early and prominently in the Constitution's Bill of Rights, which says: "Everyone has inherent dignity and the right to have their dignity respected and protected." The Constitution's keywords are "everyone" and "respected and protected". There are no ifs and buts. There is no reference to dignity being contingent upon "progressive realisation" or "available resources". Indeed, dignity is not even classified as a right: it is recognised by the Constitution as "inherent" to everyone. It is absolute. For these reasons, Arthur Chaskalson, our celebrated first Chief Justice, described "respect for human dignity, and all that flows from it, as an attribute of life itself, and not a privilege granted by the state". If dignity is an "attribute of life" it must mean that taking away dignity is like taking away a part of life itself. That's why it's so tragic that the ANC, the police and large parts of the government have so quickly forgotten about dignity and unflinchingly adopted the callous behaviours of our past masters. In some ways they have acted even worse. Last week saw three stark examples. In Alberts Farm Conservancy, a park in the west of Johannesburg, a group of homeless people had their shelters demolished and their little property stolen during a raid by the Johannesburg Metro Police Department and the SAPS. The law enforcers did not even keep an inventory of what they threw into the removal trucks. Stephan de Beer, the director of the Centre for Faith and Community at the University of Pretoria, told us: "What happened is terrible and almost a daily occurrence in our cities." And yet the homeless are humans. They have rights. They are entitled to their dignity – if nothing else. On another front, parts of civil society, several Cabinet ministers and political parties stepped up their assault on the dignity of African migrants, by intimidating them and making them fearful about accessing essential health services. Political leaders, including the President, whose job involves swearing an oath of fealty to the Constitution, were silent. Then on Friday, the families of 21 poor children who died in the Enyobeni Tavern disaster, were fobbed off with implausible causes of death, denied their rights to see the autopsy results of their children and told to make applications under the Promotion of Access to Information Act. But the fault lies not just with the government. It's within us: it's about the behaviours of rich people towards poor people; South Africans towards black foreigners; homefull towards homeless; propertied towards poor; white towards black. Some people may not like or be afraid of illegal immigrants, homeless people, criminals, substance users, but that is not justification to rob them of dignity. As one doctor put it last week in response to Phopi Ramathuba's rant: "Is this allowed because of politics? Visit Daily Maverick's home page for more news, analysis and investigations "Because the precedent set for that means we no longer need to treat suspects, prisoners, intoxicated and abusive patients with dignity, if the circumstances resulting in their need for healthcare in our hospitals is politically weighted or systemically influenced." Read in Daily Maverick: "Snatching away Mandela's gift of health and the return of medical apartheid" Our complicity for other people's indignity lies in what we choose not to see, not to comment on, not to question about our abnormal environments. It's in the way we've made peace with stark inequalities, adjusted to the abnormal. It's in many of our behaviours and omissions. It's linked to our racism and classism. In a book of conversations about Joy with the Dalai Lama, the late Archbishop Desmond Tutu talked about "righteous anger as a tool of justice" and asked us to "be appalled", adding that "it would be awful if we looked on all that horrendousness and we said, Ah, it doesn't really matter". So, we should ask, does dignity matter, what does it cost us to treat each other with dignity: to see each other, to have compassion? Alternatively, what will it cost us to continue to deny other people their dignity? What happens when our society once more ceases to respect the dignity of so many people? It reflects an attitude that thinks that some people are less equal, less human, than us. Indignity inflicts trauma. It brutalises. That way violence and genocide lie. So, what does it require to respect others' dignity? It means to live ubuntu and accept accountability for our actions. Not because the Constitution requires it, but because we are equals in society, who depend on each other. Because we are all human. This is a conversation people in South Africa need to start urgently, before it's too late. DM/MC Comments - Please login in order to comment. "It means to live ubuntu and accept accountability for our actions." Couldn't agree more, and like you said we all have rights. I ask all those under privileged to also make a start and use their rights to vote for another government. It can only help. Every vote counts. Lets do the Ubuntu thing starting with our vote for a new government. This is definitely something we can do together that will make Ubuntu a viable reality. Anyone remember the"Batho pele"programme? Just like the concept of Ubuntu, it is actually only noticeable by its almost complete absence from daily life. The ANC policies actively work against it.
When it comes to strawberries in Southern California, there are a few varieties that have proven to be successful. One of the most popular varieties is Camarosa. This strawberry variety is known for its heavy early production, which makes it a favorite among growers. The use of clear plastic mulch has been found to be particularly effective in maximizing the early yields of Camarosa strawberries. Another variety that thrives in Southern California is Palomar. Like Camarosa, Palomar is also known for its heavy early production. This variety is often chosen for its storage characteristics, as it has been found to have a longer shelf life compared to other varieties. This makes Palomar strawberries ideal for commercial purposes, as they can be stored and transported without compromising their quality. Ventana is another popular variety that grows well in Southern California. This variety is sought after for its beauty and ease of production. Ventana strawberries are known for their vibrant red color and attractive appearance, making them visually appealing to consumers. Additionally, Ventana strawberries are relatively easy to grow, making them a popular choice among both commercial growers and home gardeners. In my personal experience, I have found that these three varieties – Camarosa, Palomar, and Ventana – have been the most successful in Southern California. I have seen growers achieve impressive yields and high-quality strawberries using these varieties. The use of clear plastic mulch, in particular, has been a game-changer in maximizing the early production of Camarosa strawberries. It not only helps to retain moisture and control weeds but also creates a favorable growing environment for the plants. When it comes to growing strawberries in Southern California, it is important to consider the climate and growing conditions of the region. The warm and sunny climate of Southern California provides an ideal environment for strawberry production. However, it is crucial to choose varieties that are well-suited to this specific climate in order to maximize yields and ensure the success of the crop. To summarize, the commercial varieties that grow best in Southern California are Camarosa, Palomar, and Ventana. These varieties have been chosen for their heavy early production, storage characteristics, beauty, and ease of production. They have proven to be successful in the region, and with the right growing techniques, growers can achieve impressive yields and high-quality strawberries.
When you walk into the church, you are met with epitaphs from the 14th century of Ludowigian Landgraves. Nearby Wartburg Castle was home for these landgraves, who are counts that ruled the land, or certain German princes. (Yes, I had to look it up!) There is also a statue of Johann Sebastian Bach, who was baptised here, and whose family were organists for the church for some 130 years. If you look in the next picture, on the hill you can see the tower for the memorial at Buchenwald Concentration Camp (coming up in a post very soon).
Indoor air pollution is not just a discomfort but a silent jeopardizer of our health, often underestimated in the discussions about environmental quality. Key takeaways: - Major air pollutors in Indianapolis: transportation, manufacturing, power plants, everyday sources. - Key pollutants in Indianapolis: ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide. - Weather conditions in Indianapolis: hot summers form ground-level ozone, winter temperature inversions trap pollutants, precipitation affects air quality, wind direction and speed impact pollutant dispersion. - Health advice for Indianapolis: limit outdoor exercise on high pollution days, monitor air quality forecasts for pre-existing conditions, consider using air purifiers. - Indianapolis air quality forecasts: dynamic AQI influenced by various factors, predictive models improve accuracy, empower citizens to make informed choices, check forecasts regularly. Major Air Pollitors in Indianapolis When peeling back the layers of Indianapolis's atmosphere, it becomes clear that transportation is a major player. The hustle and bustle of Interstate 65 and 70 don't just contribute to noise; they're a veritable cocktail of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, thanks to the ceaseless parade of cars and trucks. Manufacturing also takes a slice of the blame pie. Despite advancements, factories in the city still release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM2.5), which are tiny enough to infiltrate our lungs and bloodstream. These aren't just specks of dust; they're potential tickets to chronic health conditions. Power plants in the broader Marion County area haven't escaped the gaze of scrutiny either. They belch out sulfur dioxide, another invisible villain that can exacerbate respiratory problems. Lastly, let's not overlook the smaller, everyday sources: gas stations, paint fumes, and even that idyllic fireplace contribute to the local emissions with VOCs and other pollutants. By understanding the sources of Indianapolis's air pollution, residents can better advocate for solutions and adjust their routines for cleaner breathing. It's a symbiotic challenge, with industry, policy, and personal habits all part of a larger puzzle to improve what we breathe. Indianapolis Air Pollution Level Indianapolis, like many urban centers, grapples with pollutants that mar its air quality. Emissions from vehicles, industrial activities, and energy production are the primary culprits. Here's what you need to know: Key pollutants include ozone, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. These pollutants can have a range of health impacts, from respiratory issues to cardiovascular problems. The industrial sector significantly contributes to the city's pollution. Sources like factories, power plants, and smaller industrial operations release a mix of toxic compounds into the air, which can linger and affect health. Motor vehicles are another major source of air pollutants, especially in congested areas. The combustion engines release nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, which can form ground-level ozone, particularly on warm days. It's important to note that these levels fluctuate throughout the year. Weather patterns, such as temperature inversions in winter, can trap pollutants close to the ground, exacerbating the problem. Keeping an eye on Indianapolis's Air Quality Index (AQI) is a practical step for residents to manage their exposure to these pollutants. The AQI provides a daily snapshot of air quality, helping residents to make informed decisions about outdoor activities. Understanding the levels of air pollution in Indianapolis is critical for both personal health and public policy. By staying informed, individuals can advocate for cleaner practices and support measures that aim to reduce emissions and improve the city's air quality. Weather Conditions in Indianapolis Midwestern climates, with their hot summers and cold winters, provide a unique set of challenges for air quality. Taking Indianapolis as an example, it becomes a city where weather patterns significantly influence pollutant dispersal. High temperatures in summer often lead to the formation of ground-level ozone, a key component of smog that can exacerbate respiratory disorders. Moreover, temperature inversions in winter can trap pollutants close to the ground, resulting in denser, more harmful air quality. Precipitation can act as a natural air cleanser, removing particulates from the atmosphere. Thus, the frequency and amount of rainfall in Indianapolis can have a direct effect on the daily air quality. Conversely, dry periods may allow pollutants to accumulate, raising health concerns, especially for the vulnerable population. Wind direction and speed also play pivotal roles in the transport and dispersion of pollutants. Indianapolis occasionally receives cleaner air masses from the surrounding rural areas, but when the wind shifts, industrial emissions and urban pollution can contribute to more significant air quality issues. Understanding these meteorological influences is essential when assessing risk and planning outdoor activities based on air quality forecasts. Health Advice For Indianapolis While the conversation about air quality often focuses on environmental concerns, let's pivot to a topic that directly impacts each of us: our health. If you're living in Indianapolis, being mindful of the air you breathe is not just a matter of comfort—it's a question of wellness. Amidst the urban landscape, your respiratory health takes priority. When pollution levels peak, consider limiting outdoor exercise to avoid inhaling excessive pollutants. It's not about ceasing activities but rather choosing safer times, perhaps when traffic is lighter or when the air quality index (AQI) indicates lower pollution levels. For those with pre-existing conditions like asthma or heart disease, monitoring air quality forecasts isn't merely advisable—it's essential. On days when the AQI is poor, keeping medications within reach and staying indoors may not only make you more comfortable but also prevent exacerbation of symptoms. Additionally, investing in an air purifier can be a game-changer for indoor environments, particularly for sensitive groups. It's not a luxury but a tool that could dramatically improve your quality of life. These devices can mitigate the influx of outdoor pollutants and contribute to a cleaner indoor air profile. Remember, small adjustments in how you navigate your day can profoundly affect your health in urban settings like Indianapolis. It's about being proactive rather than reactive when it comes to air quality and health. Indianapolis Air Quality Forecast Understanding the forecast for air quality is crucial for planning daily activities, especially for those with respiratory conditions. The air quality index (AQI) is a dynamic figure, influenced by an array of factors, ranging from industrial emissions to traffic patterns, and even natural elements like pollen count or wildfire smoke. Predictive models utilize historical data and present conditions to estimate future air quality. This includes analyzing pollutant concentrations and meteorological data, such as temperature, wind direction, and humidity. Technological advancements have significantly improved these predictions, making them more reliable than ever. Moreover, these forecasts empower citizens to make informed decisions about their outdoor activities, particularly on days with poor air quality predictions. For instance, on days forecasted to have high ozone or particulate matter levels, vulnerable groups are advised to limit exposure by staying indoors or wearing protective masks if venturing out is necessary. Regularly checking the air quality forecast is advisable, as conditions can change swiftly due to unforeseen incidents such as sudden industrial mishaps or shifts in weather patterns. Staying informed is, therefore, not just a matter of convenience, but one of health and well-being. Read Also - Air Quality Indianapolis: Understanding Local Pollution Levels and Health Impact - Spokane Valley Air Quality: Understanding Its Impact and Factors - Missoula Air Quality: Causes, Effects, and Tips for Cleaner Air - Manhattan Air Quality Today: Understanding Current Conditions & Health Impacts - Bay Area Air Quality Map: Understanding Current Conditions and Trends
- Our Team - Construction Accidents - Practice Areas - Settlements - Resources - Español - Contact Us - (212) 668-6000 According to the National Safety Council, approximately 120,000 job-related foot injuries occur every year. A number of foot problems — including arthritis of the foot and ankle, toe deformities, pinched nerves between the toes, plantar fasciitis, adult-acquired flat foot, and tarsal tunnel syndrome — have been attributed to repetitive use at work. In addition, many foot injuries result from non work-related accidents such as: falls on defective or uneven sidewalks; interior and exterior stairways or steps and hazardous floor conditions on private and commercial properties. There are several types of common foot injuries: Achilles Tendon Rupture Plantar Fasciitis Tear Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Pinched Nerves Stress Fracture of the Foot Puncture wound Crushed or broken feet Amputations of toes or feet Fractured or broken bones because of slips, trips or falls Injuries from chemicals and solvents Extreme heat Foot Injury Symptoms symptoms Tenderness and Swelling Localized Pain Numbness and Tingling You may have the right to receive compensation for injuries which are sustained as the result of a trauma or injury to your foot. A New York personal injury attorney at Hill & Moin LLP can help. Contact us today. © 2024 Hill & Moin LLP. All Rights Reserved. \| Sitemap \| Privacy Policy \| Disclaimer \| Attorney Advertising: Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.
Video \| About Alchemy \| About University of MN School of Architecture Students Site technology: WEDGETechnologies \| Project \| LightHotel \| Design \| Alchemy \| Build \| University of MN School of Architecture Students Site technology: WEDGETechnologies \| Containers \| 1 x 20 ft \| Area \| 120 sq ft \| Year \| 2016 \| Location \| Minnesota \| The LightHotel, a one room mobile hotel, stands as a beacon for ecotourism and sustainable living in the Twin Cities. It moves as the flow of the city requires, occupying places both celebrated and ignored. The city itself is its lobby. The interior is efficient and luxe, making the most of limited space within the salvaged 8′ x 20′ shipping container. Just like most hotel rooms, there's no kitchen, so overnight guests order "room service" from nearby hot spots. Built for the year-round Minnesota climate, it features a spray foam shell, triple-glazed windows and doors, solar powered HVAC, LED lighting and hydronic in-floor heat. The water system is self-contained, with a 250-gallon water tank that supplies an on-demand water heater and a bio-filter producing re-usable grey water. A high-end, roomy shower and separate toilet keep a body happy. Mechanical detritus and applied typographic overlays entertain and provide functional insight. To be realized: an online public digital dashboard to map guest experiences and the LightHotel's itinerary, educating guests on conservation and sustainability. Led by Alchemy and weeHouse® founder Geoffrey Warner, AIA, the LightHotel is part of an ongoing effort to celebrate and create new paradigms for efficient living. In 2018, the LightHotel was sold to an entrepreneur in north central Minnesota who is forming a 'circle' of sustainable structures that will be rented out. What is needed to use it immediately Area + access. A solid, approximately level, ideally paved surface that allows for the LightHotel's 8' x 24' footprint, and access to that spot by truck. Height is approximately 13'. Water. Access to a water source (outdoor spigot) is helpful but may not be needed on a daily basis. The LightHotel accesses the water source with a garden hose. Its 250 gallon tank will last approximately 10-14 days with two guests. Electrical. The LightHotel is intended to be fully off grid, but until it gets battery packs, it will need to be plugged in. A 100' extension cord is provided. 240V outlet or site-wiring allows the solar array (3-240W panels) to power the condenser for the mini-split AC/heat. A 120V power source will allow full use for everything but the condenser. Gas: two 80# propane tanks are supplied to run the boiler. LightHotel FAQ Q What is the lightHotel? A The lighthotel is a one-room, mobile hotel and postcard for sustainability. Over 18 months it will occupy places both celebrated and ignored in the twin cities. It was designed by geoffrey warner, aia, principal architect at Alchemy Architects (St. Paul, MN). Q Why build the lightHotel? A Half of the energy use in the twin cities is consumed by buildings. The lightHotel's high-end design creates a positive, aspirational experience to inspire an alternate way of consuming both energy and space. Q How much did it cost? A This was built as a one-time public art project by Alchemy + University of Minnesota students. We're not exactly sure what it would take to replicate it, but it would be in the range of an deluxe RV. The break down of this pricing goes as follows: Subtotal Fabrication Costs-External: $50,100 Subtotal Design + Build Costs-Internal: $70,435 Subtotal Donations: $50,450 Total Expenses To Date: $170,985 Q Can I order one? A At this time, no, alchemy is not taking orders for lighthotels. We are, however, planning and designing a new product called the lighthouse that takes some queues from the lighthotel. The lighthouse is 3x bigger than the lighthotel, has on- or off-grid potential, and is a fully functioning home that sleeps up to 4 people. We hope to price it between $75-$125K "all in". It can be used as an adu, studio, cabin, retreat, student or assisted living. Stay in touch with us at www.weehouse.com for updates. Q What makes the hotel green? A The most sustainable part about lighthotel is its potential to inform people about the effcient systems that make it work. A digital dashboard plots water and power consumption and displays guests' photos and experiences as the lighthotel travels. Q What was the concept for the design? A The lighthotel embraces the luxury of less. It has been crafted within a 120 square foot, salvaged shipping container. We encourage you to live large and pack light. The twin cities is your lobby and the lighthotel is your personal retreat. Q What's the big deal about energy? A The average american home utilizes 900kwh each month. By adopting the same systems that power, heat and cool the lighthotel, most american homes would spend closer to 100kwh. Q What is an energy pool? A Think of the total amount of energy like a pool—it has many sources: coal, gas, nuclear, wind, solar, and hydro-electric power. It also has many drains: transportation, industry, buildings, and your laptop and phone. But buildings by far are the largest consumer of electricity, accounting for half of all energy usage in the state of Q How about "green" energy? A Coal and gas each contribute a third to the "pool" of energy sources. Renewable sources, like wind and solar, are rising in contribution. The us has goals to produce half the nations' electricity from renewable sources by 2025, and minnesota has embraced that endeavor with initiatives like the made in minnesota solar incentive Q Where does the water come from? A The water that ows throughout lighthotel comes from a large reservoir underneath the bed. The reservoir holds approx. 250 Gallons of freshwater at a time. The water is then pumped through the utility closet and is heated and transferred to both the shower and sink. Q What is greywater? A Greywater is essentially wastewater that has low levels of contaminants and if ltered can be applied for non-potable uses. In the lighthouse, the greywater comes from both the shower and faucet. It is then stored in the utility closet in a greywater lter where any bacteria or contaminants that may be present are removed. Once the water is ltered it can be used to water plants or reused for non-potable purposes. Q Why should I care? A Most water systems in use today combine both the greywater and blackwater further contaminating the greywater and requiring professional water treatment. If more homes and businesses adopted greywater systems, they can take advantage of other ways of reusing greywater for applications such as dishwashers, laundry machines, and toilet water– minimizing freshwater waste. Geoffrey C.Warner, AIA, Alchemy LLC Alchemy LLC + University of MN School of Architecture Students Site technology: WEDGETechnologies 8' x 20' steel shipping container from SuperCubes Address \| Super Cubes LLC, 9240 Hillsboro Way, Savage, MN 55378, USA \| Phone \| +18773745452 \| +19522832783 \| \| Fax \| +16124554029 \| firstname.lastname@example.com \| \| Website \| https://www.supercubes.com \| Windows & Door Andersen Windows Address \| Andersen Corporation, 100 4th Ave. N. Bayport, MN 55003, USA \| Phone \| +18004264261 \| +18009333626 \| \| +18553378806 \| \| +16512645150 \| \| Website \| https://www.andersenwindows.com/ \| Wood wrap ( Door/wall/ceiling) WD Flooring Address \| WD Flooring, P.O. Box 368, Laona, WI 54541, USA \| Phone \| +18776742210 \| Fax \| +17156744411 \| firstname.lastname@example.com \| \| Website \| http://wdflooring.com/ \| Bathroom Tile Phone \| +18004493591 \| +18775565728 \| \| Website \| https://www.daltile.com/ \| Bathroom and Sink Fixtures Address \| Dornbracht Americas Inc., 1700 Executive Drive South, Suite 600, Duluth, GA 30096, USA \| Phone \| +18007741181 \| +17705643599 \| \| Fax \| +18008998527 \| email@example.com \| \| Website \| https://www.dornbracht.com/ \| Separett Villa (waterless) Address \| Separett-USA/EcoServices, PO Box 226, Barrington NH, 03825, USA \| Phone \| +18006828619 \| email@example.com \| \| Website \| http://www.separett-usa.com/ \| Alape provided by Montaggio Address \| MONTAGGIO, 150 N 2ND AVE, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55401, USA \| Phone \| +16123336264 \| email@example.com \| \| Website \| https://montaggio.net/ \| Greywater Filter Address \| Lauttakyläntie 570, FI-27510 Eura, FINLAND \| P.O. Box 2, FI-27501 Kauttua, FINLAND \| \| Phone \| +358025491600 \| Fax \| +358025491660 \| firstname.lastname@example.com \| \| Website \| https://www.biolan.com \| Furniture + Bedding Room & Board Phone \| +18003019720 \| Address \| Room & Board Los Angeles, Helms Bakery Building, 3231 Helms Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90034, USA \| Phone \| +13107369100 \| Address \| Cherry Creek North, 222 Detroit Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA \| Phone \| +13033226462 \| Address \| Westside Provisions District, 1170 Howell Mill Road NW, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA \| Phone \| +14046825900 \| Address \| Downtown at Rush and Ohio, 55 East Ohio Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA \| Phone \| +13122220970 \| Address \| Located at Newbury and Mass Ave., 375 Newbury Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA \| Phone \| +16173510020 \| Address \| Across from Galleria Edina, 7010 France Avenue South, Edina, MN 55435, USA \| Address \| Chelsea, 236 West 18th Street, New York, NY 10011, USA \| Phone \| +12122047384 \| Address \| Pearl District, 380 Northwest 13th Avenue, Portland, OR 97209, USA \| Phone \| +15032006900 \| Address \| Knox-Henderson District, 4524 McKinney Avenue, Dallas, TX 75205, USA \| Phone \| +18003019720 \| Address \| University Village, 2675 NE University Village Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA \| Phone \| +12063364676 \| Website \| https://www.roomandboard.com/ \| Restwell Mattress Factory Address \| Restwell Mattress Factory, 8229 Highway 7, St. Louis Park, MN 55426, USA \| Phone \| +19529083348 \| Address \| Restwell Mattress Factory, 7835 Southtown Center, Bloomington, MN 55431, USA \| Phone \| +19528818871 \| Website \| https://www.restwellmattress.com/ \| Toiletries and Lifestyle products Intelligent Nutrients Address \| Customer Service Intelligent Nutrients, 983 East Hennepin Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA \| Toll Free \| +18003115635 \| Fax \| +16126172005 \| firstname.lastname@example.com \| \| Website \| https://www.intelligentnutrients.com/ \| Shower Door Minneapolis Glass Company Address \| 14600 28th Avenue North, Plymouth, MN 55447, USA \| Phone \| +17635590635 \| Website \| https://minneapolisglass.com/ \| Address \| 9611 James Avenue S., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55431, USA \| Phone \| +19526419600 \| +18885121272 \| \| Website \| https://archetypesign.com/ \| Solar Panels Itek Energy Website \| https://www.itekenergy.com/ \| Tankless Water Heater (Boiler) Phone \| +18005198794 \| Address \| 20 Goodyear, Irvine, CA 92618, USA \| Phone \| +19494200420 \| +19494200420 \| \| Website \| https://www.navieninc.com/ \| AEI-Applied Energy Innovations Address \| 4000 Minneahaha Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55406, USA \| Phone \| +16125320384 \| Website \| http://www.appliedenergyinnovations.com \| Juno recessed lighting, Hennepin Made chandelier from JTH Lighting and Room & Board Light Switches + Outlets Address \| 60 Woodlawn Street, West Hartford, CT 06110, USA \| Phone \| +18772953472 \| Address \| 9024 Keele Street, Vaughan, Ontario L4K 2N2, USA \| Website \| https://www.legrand.us/ \| About Alchemy Our distinct hands-on approach to architecture and design combines a playful design process, collaborative relationships with clients, and partnerships with builders and fabricators, to create a harmonious blend of site, building, and community. With sustainable practices as a mainstay of our daily work, Alchemy utilizes recycling and reuse along with building strategies that reduce waste. Our multidisciplinary team draws inspiration from art, literature, history, and leading creative thinkers to create alternative and atypical project solutions. Alchemy's innovation on the weeHouse prefab system and "tightwad panache" renovations has gained recognition on an international scale. Design Services While Alchemy is known internationally for our design of the weeHouse, a large portion of Alchemy's business is more traditional architectural design services including new builds, commercial projects, remodels, renovations, and general design consultation. As architects, our job is to solve design problems and help bring your ideas to reality. Alchemy's completion of the first weeHouse in 2003, then just an inexpensive prefab cabin, gained international attention as a symbol of architectural optimism. Since then, Alchemy has widened its scope, developing the weeHouse as a prefabricated answer for cabins, houses, offices, rooftop studios, and multi-unit developments, and has completed over 3 dozen prefabricated projects around the United States. Whether you are looking to build a single site-built 200 square foot studio or a 75 unit prefab condominium, be sure to contact us and we will further evaluate your project needs. We work on both a project fee and hourly basis depending on project specifics. Address \| 856 Raymond Ave, Suite G, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55114, USA \| \| Phone \| +16516476650 \| \| firstname.lastname@example.com \| \|\| Website \| https://www.weehouse.com/ \| About University of MN School of Architecture Students Site technology: WEDGETechnologies We build foundations for marketing, web, and IT services. Clients leverage our integrated approach to meet their strategic goals in a whole new dimension. "If it ain't broke: don't fix it!" We hear this one a lot. Just because something works doesn't mean it shouldn't be tested, evaluated, and challenged. We're big into this. To find areas of improvement, we challenge what we should expect from the world around us. Our curiosity and exploratory souls drive the way we work. When we challenge our worldly expectations, we find patterns of opportunity. Where a tool or solution doesn't exist or provide the best experience, we take it upon ourselves to build it! We dream-up new ideas, systems, and approaches to solve problems every day. The typical needs the atypical to move forward. We dabble in it all. We study the intersection of technology and creativity because we believe therein lies an untapped potential for problem solving. It's challenging to do this because it requires we hold conflicting goals. Technology seeks to optimize and drives structure while creativity seeks emotions and drives humanity. Wedge's Vision We desire to design a world where everyone can realize their happiness. In a world where reliance on technology is only increasing, we seek to abstract technical concepts so that everyone in business can access, understand, and leverage the powerful parts of technology. This is key to build space for creative problem solving. Address \| 2406 James Ave N, Suite B, Minneapolis, MN 55411, USA \| \| Phone \| +16514310666 \| \| Website \| https://wedgeus.com/ \| More shipping container homes in Minnesota: LightHotel - 120 sq ft Shipping Container Tiny Home, Minnesota LightHotel - 120 sq ft Shipping Container Tiny Home, Minnesota
What Is an AI Anyway? Exploring the Future with Mustafa Suleyman, Microsoft AI CEO A Deep Dive into the Role of AI in Our Future with Microsoft AI CEO Mustafa Suleyman Mustafa Suleyman, the CEO of Microsoft AI, addresses a fundamental yet complex question during a recent TED Talk: "What are we actually creating with AI?" Known for his pivotal role in shaping the AI technologies that influence our daily lives, Suleyman offers a novel perspective on artificial intelligence, describing it as a "new digital species," and engages in a thought-provoking Q&A with Chris Anderson, the head of TED. AI's Journey from Fringe to Mainstream Mustafa Suleyman opens by reflecting on his nearly 15-year journey with AI, noting how once marginalized concepts like Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) have now moved into mainstream discussions. Initially viewed as a distant, almost fictional idea, AI has rapidly advanced to outperform humans in tasks such as image recognition, language translation, and even complex games like Go and chess. This swift progression has shifted public perception from skepticism to a keen interest in AI's capabilities and its implications for critical issues like climate change, education, and global economics. AI's Impact and Public Queries As AI began proving its vast potential, the public started posing significant questions about its role in solving major world problems, including the possibility of replacing traditional work structures with universal basic income, and its use in warfare and global competition, particularly concerning China. These questions highlight the broader societal impacts and the ethical considerations that come with the adoption of AI technologies. Mustafa Suleyman: Awakening to Potential of AI As AI continued to surpass human abilities in various tasks, public curiosity and concern grew. People began to wonder about AI's potential to address significant global challenges, such as the climate crisis, educational needs, and even the fundamentals of work and income. These questions reflect a broader awareness of AI's impact, but also underline the anxieties related to its integration into societal and geopolitical frameworks. The Simple, Profound Question Amid these complex discussions, a simple question from Suleyman's six-year-old nephew, Caspian, cuts to the core of AI's identity: "What is an AI anyway?" While playing with an AI named Pi, Caspian's innocent inquiry reveals the difficulty in explaining AI's essence, beyond technical definitions, to the layperson and especially to children. This moment highlights the need for clearer, more accessible metaphors to describe what AI truly represents. Proposing a New Metaphor – AI as a Digital Species In response to the challenge of defining AI, Mustafa Suleyman proposes viewing AI as a "new digital species," a concept that elevates AI from a mere technological tool to a more autonomous, dynamic entity. This metaphor is intended to help both experts and the general public better understand and engage with AI's evolving role in our lives, emphasizing its potential as a partner rather than just a passive instrument. Ethical Implications and Future Outlook The discussion with Chris Anderson after the talk further explores the implications of this metaphor, particularly the ethical considerations it raises. Mustafa Suleyman stresses the necessity of designing AI with safety and ethical guidelines from the outset to prevent unintended consequences. He acknowledges the immense responsibility that comes with developing technologies that could fundamentally alter human existence and insists on a cautious, thoughtful approach to AI development. The Broader Implications of AI The discussion expands into the implications of viewing AI as a digital species, considering its potential to replicate rapidly and evolve independently of human intervention. This framing raises critical ethical and safety questions about AI's development and the boundaries that need to be established to ensure it enhances rather than endangers human society.
Indemnity Bond An indemnity bond is a legal agreement between two parties, where one party commits to compensating the other in case of any losses or damages arising from a specific event or circumstance. This bond is commonly used in business transactions, legal agreements, or contracts to provide financial protection and assurance. The key elements of an indemnity bond include: - Parties involved: The bond involves two parties, the indemnitor, and the indemnitee. The indemnitor is the party that agrees to provide compensation, while the indemnitee is the party that may suffer losses and seek protection. - Scope of indemnity: The bond clearly defines the events or circumstances for which the indemnitor is obligated to provide compensation. This could include legal claims, financial losses, breaches of contract, or other specified risks. - Financial terms: The bond outlines the financial terms of the indemnity, including the maximum amount of compensation that the indemnitor is obligated to pay. This amount is often referred to as the "penal sum" or "bond amount." - Duration of the bond: The bond specifies the period during which the indemnity is in effect, which can be a one-time agreement or cover an ongoing relationship or project. - Conditions and limitations: Indemnity bonds may contain specific conditions and limitations that both parties must adhere to. These conditions can relate to notification requirements, dispute resolution mechanisms, or other relevant terms. - Legal enforceability: Indemnity bonds are legally binding documents, and their enforceability depends on the jurisdiction and the adherence to legal requirements. Indemnity bonds are commonly used in real estate transactions, construction projects, employment agreements, and various types of business contracts. The goal of these bonds is to provide a level of financial security and assurance in case of unforeseen events that could lead to losses or liabilities for one of the parties involved.

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