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--- |
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language: en |
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license: gpl-3.0 |
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tags: |
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- segformer |
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--- |
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# SegFormer++ |
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Paper: [Segformer++: Efficient Token-Merging Strategies for High-Resolution Semantic Segmentation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14467) |
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## Abstract |
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Utilizing transformer architectures for semantic segmentation of high-resolution images is hindered by the attention's quadratic computational complexity in the number of tokens. A solution to this challenge involves decreasing the number of tokens through token merging, which has exhibited remarkable enhancements in inference speed, training efficiency, and memory utilization for image classification tasks. In this paper, we explore various token merging strategies within the framework of the SegFormer architecture and perform experiments on multiple semantic segmentation and human pose estimation datasets. Notably, without model re-training, we, for example, achieve an inference acceleration of 61% on the Cityscapes dataset while maintaining the mIoU performance. Consequently, this paper facilitates the deployment of transformer-based architectures on resource-constrained devices and in real-time applications. |
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## Results and Models |
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Memory refers to the VRAM requirements during the training process. |
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### Inference on Cityscapes (MiT-B5) |
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The weights of the Segformer (Original) model were used to get the inference results. |
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| Method | mIoU | Speed-Up | config | download | |
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|-----------------------------------|------:|---------:|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| Segformer (Original) | 82.39 | - | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/cityscapes/B5/segformer-cityscapes-b5-default.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/yzE65lzm6N/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>HQ</sub> (ours) | 82.31 | 1.61 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/cityscapes/B5/segformer-cityscapes-b5-bsm-hq.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/yzE65lzm6N/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>fast</sub> (ours) | 82.04 | 1.94 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/cityscapes/B5/segformer-cityscapes-b5-bsm-fast.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/yzE65lzm6N/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>2x2</sub> (ours) | 81.96 | 1.90 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/cityscapes/B5/segformer-cityscapes-b5-n2d-2x2.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/yzE65lzm6N/) | |
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| Segformer (Downsampling) | 77.31 | 6.51 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/cityscapes/B5/segformer-cityscapes-b5-downsample.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/yzE65lzm6N/) | |
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### Training on Cityscapes (MiT-B5) |
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| Method | mIoU | Speed-Up | Memory (GB) | config | download | |
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|-----------------------------------|------:|---------:|-------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| Segformer (Original) | 82.39 | - | 48.3 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/cityscapes/B5/segformer-cityscapes-b5-default.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/yzE65lzm6N/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>HQ</sub> (ours) | 82.19 | 1.40 | 34.0 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/cityscapes/B5/segformer-cityscapes-b5-bsm-hq.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/i8fY8uXJrV/ ) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>fast</sub> (ours) | 81.77 | 1.55 | 30.5 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/cityscapes/B5/segformer-cityscapes-b5-bsm-fast.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/cmG974iAxt/ ) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>2x2</sub> (ours) | 82.38 | 1.63 | 31.1 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/cityscapes/B5/segformer-cityscapes-b5-n2d-2x2.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/p0uMKbw531/) | |
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| Segformer (Downsampling) | 79.24 | 2.95 | 10.0 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/cityscapes/B5/segformer-cityscapes-b5-downsample.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/73zkKSO21t/) | |
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### Training on ADE20K (640x640) (MiT-B5) |
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| Method | mIoU | Speed-Up | Memory (GB) | config | download | |
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|-----------------------------------|------:|---------:|------------:|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| Segformer (Original) | 49.72 | - | 33.7 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/ade20k/B5/segformer-ade20k640-b5-default.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/nKEjUHNAfK/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>HQ</sub> (ours) | 49.77 | 1.15 | 29.2 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/ade20k/B5/segformer-ade20k640-b5-bsm-hq.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/Odyie8usgj/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>fast</sub> (ours) | 49.10 | 1.20 | 28.0 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/ade20k/B5/segformer-ade20k640-b5-bsm-fast.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/K0IGkx4O2s/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>2x2</sub> (ours) | 49.35 | 1.26 | 27.2 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/ade20k/B5/segformer-ade20k640-b5-n2d-2x2.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/w5_Pxx4Q5C/) | |
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| Segformer (Downsampling) | 46.71 | 1.89 | 12.4 | [config](mmsegmentation/local_configs/ade20k/B5/segformer-ade20k640-b5-downsample.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/dFVvZQL6iL/) | |
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### Training on JBD |
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| Method | [email protected] | [email protected] | Speed-Up | Memory (GB) | config | download | |
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|-----------------------------------|--------:|---------:|---------:|------------:|---------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| Segformer (Original) | 95.20 | 90.65 | - | 40.0 | [config](mmpose/local_configs/jbd/B5/segformer-jump-b5-default.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/psolrWXLLp/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>HQ</sub> (ours) | 95.18 | 90.51 | 1.19 | 36.0 | [config](mmpose/local_configs/jbd/B5/segformer-jump-b5-bsm-hq.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/jx1eyecMLF/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>fast</sub> (ours) | 94.58 | 89.87 | 1.25 | 34.6 | [config](mmpose/local_configs/jbd/B5/segformer-jump-b5-bsm-fast.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/K0IGkx4O2s/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>2x2</sub> (ours) | 95.17 | 90.16 | 1.27 | 33.4 | [config](mmpose/local_configs/jbd/B5/segformer-jump-b5-n2d-2x2.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/HumKbSB1vI/) | |
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### Training on MS COCO |
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| Method | [email protected] | [email protected] | Speed-Up | Memory (GB) | config | download | |
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|-----------------------------------|--------:|---------:|---------:|------------:|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| Segformer (Original) | 95.16 | 87.61 | - | 13.5 | [config](mmpose/local_configs/coco/B5/segformer-coco-b5-default.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/ZOgj2NmQLy/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>HQ</sub> (ours) | 94.97 | 87.35 | 0.97 | 13.1 | [config](mmpose/local_configs/coco/B5/segformer-coco-b5-bsm-hq.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/oAH5IlPxG8/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>fast</sub> (ours) | 95.02 | 87.37 | 0.99 | 12.9 | [config](mmpose/local_configs/coco/B5/segformer-coco-b5-bsm-fast.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/3E2mMNLAAn/) | |
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| Segformer++<sub>2x2</sub> (ours) | 94.98 | 87.36 | 1.24 | 12.3 | [config](mmpose/local_configs/coco/B5/segformer-coco-b5-n2d-2x2.py) | [model](https://mediastore.rz.uni-augsburg.de/get/rzlgKC5XLc/) | |
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## Install the SegFormer++ without MMSegmentation/MMPose |
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**Step 0.** Prerequisites |
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- Pytorch: 2.0.1 (CUDA 12.1) (older versions should also work fine) |
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**Step 1.** Clone Repository |
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```shell |
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git clone https://huggingface.co/TimM77/SegformerPlusPlus |
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``` |
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**Step 2.** Install required Packets |
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```shell |
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cd SegformerPlusPlus |
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pip install . |
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``` |
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**Step 3.** Run the SegFormer++ |
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Running the default Segformer++ with: |
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```shell |
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python3 -m segformer_plusplus.start_cityscape_benchmark |
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``` |
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Running it with customized Parameters: |
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```shell |
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python3 -m segformer_plusplus.start_cityscape_benchmark --backbone [b1-b5] --head [bsm_hq, bsm_fast, n2d_2x2] --checkpoint [Path/To/Checkpoint] |
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``` |
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Checkpoints can be downloaded via the provided links above: |
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```shell |
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wget -O [NameOfDownloadedFile] "URL of Model-Download" |
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``` |
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## Citation |
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```bibtex |
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@article{kienzle2024segformer++, |
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title={Segformer++: Efficient Token-Merging Strategies for High-Resolution Semantic Segmentation}, |
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author={Kienzle, Daniel and Kantonis, Marco and Sch{\"o}n, Robin and Lienhart, Rainer}, |
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journal={IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Information Processing and Retrieval (MIPR)}, |
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year={2024} |
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} |
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``` |
