# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Copyright (c) 2016-2020 by University of Kassel and Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics
# and Energy System Technology (IEE), Kassel. All rights reserved.


import numpy as np
import pandapower as pp
import pytest

import pandas as pd
pd.set_option('display.max_rows', 500)
pd.set_option('display.max_columns', 500)
pd.set_option('display.width', 1000)


def test_convenience_create_functions():
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 110.)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 110.)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 20)
    pp.create_ext_grid(net, b1)
    pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, b1, b2, length_km=20., r_ohm_per_km=0.0487,
                                   x_ohm_per_km=0.1382301, c_nf_per_km=160., max_i_ka=0.664)

    l0 = pp.create_load_from_cosphi(net, b2, 10, 0.95, "ind", name="load")
    pp.runpp(net, init="flat")
    assert net.load.p_mw.at[l0] == 9.5
    assert net.load.q_mvar.at[l0] > 0
    assert np.sqrt(net.load.p_mw.at[l0] ** 2 + net.load.q_mvar.at[l0] ** 2) == 10
    assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[b2], 0.99990833838)
    assert net.load.name.at[l0] == "load"

    sh0 = pp.create_shunt_as_capacitor(net, b2, 10, loss_factor=0.01, name="shunt")
    pp.runpp(net, init="flat")
    assert np.isclose(net.res_shunt.q_mvar.at[sh0], -10.043934174)
    assert np.isclose(net.res_shunt.p_mw.at[sh0], 0.10043933665)
    assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[b2], 1.0021942964)
    assert net.shunt.name.at[sh0] == "shunt"

    sg0 = pp.create_sgen_from_cosphi(net, b2, 5, 0.95, "cap", name="sgen")
    pp.runpp(net, init="flat")
    assert np.sqrt(net.sgen.p_mw.at[sg0] ** 2 + net.sgen.q_mvar.at[sg0] ** 2) == 5
    assert net.sgen.p_mw.at[sg0] == 4.75
    assert net.sgen.q_mvar.at[sg0] > 0
    assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[b2], 1.0029376578)
    assert net.sgen.name.at[sg0] == "sgen"

    tol = 1e-6
    base_z = 110 ** 2 / 100
    sind = pp.create_series_reactor_as_impedance(net, b1, b2, r_ohm=100, x_ohm=200, sn_mva=100)
    assert net.impedance.at[sind, 'rft_pu'] - 100 / base_z < tol
    assert net.impedance.at[sind, 'xft_pu'] - 200 / base_z < tol

    tid = pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net, hv_bus=b2, lv_bus=b3, sn_mva=0.1, vn_hv_kv=110,
                                                vn_lv_kv=20, vkr_percent=5, vk_percent=20,
                                                pfe_kw=1, i0_percent=1)
    pp.create_load(net, b3, 0.1)
    assert net.trafo.at[tid, 'df'] == 1
    pp.runpp(net)
    tr_l = net.res_trafo.at[tid, 'loading_percent']
    net.trafo.at[tid, 'df'] = 2
    pp.runpp(net)
    tr_l_2 = net.res_trafo.at[tid, 'loading_percent']
    assert tr_l == tr_l_2 * 2
    net.trafo.at[tid, 'df'] = 0
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning):
        pp.runpp(net)


def test_nonexistent_bus():
    from functools import partial
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    create_functions = [partial(pp.create_load, net=net, p_mw=0, q_mvar=0, bus=0, index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_sgen, net=net, p_mw=0, q_mvar=0, bus=0, index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_dcline, net, from_bus=0, to_bus=1, p_mw=0.1,
                                loss_percent=0, loss_mw=0.01, vm_from_pu=1., vm_to_pu=1., index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_gen, net=net, p_mw=0, bus=0, index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_ward, net, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_xward, net, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_shunt, net=net, q_mvar=0, bus=0, index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_ext_grid, net=net, bus=1, index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_line, net=net, from_bus=0, to_bus=1, length_km=1.,
                                std_type="NAYY 4x50 SE", index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_line_from_parameters, net=net, from_bus=0, to_bus=1,
                                length_km=1., r_ohm_per_km=0.1, x_ohm_per_km=0.1, max_i_ka=0.4,
                                c_nf_per_km=10, index=1),
                        partial(pp.create_transformer, net=net, hv_bus=0, lv_bus=1,
                                std_type="63 MVA 110/20 kV", index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_transformer3w, net=net, hv_bus=0, lv_bus=1, mv_bus=2,
                                std_type="63/25/38 MVA 110/20/10 kV", index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters, net=net, hv_bus=0,
                                lv_bus=1, mv_bus=2, i0_percent=0.89, pfe_kw=3.5,
                                vn_hv_kv=110, vn_lv_kv=10, vn_mv_kv=20, sn_hv_mva=63,
                                sn_lv_mva=38, sn_mv_mva=25, vk_hv_percent=10.4,
                                vk_lv_percent=10.4, vk_mv_percent=10.4, vkr_hv_percent=0.28,
                                vkr_lv_percent=0.35, vkr_mv_percent=0.32, index=1),
                        partial(pp.create_transformer_from_parameters, net=net, hv_bus=0, lv_bus=1,
                                sn_mva=60, vn_hv_kv=20., vn_lv_kv=0.4, vk_percent=10,
                                vkr_percent=0.1, pfe_kw=0, i0_percent=0, index=1),
                        partial(pp.create_impedance, net=net, from_bus=0, to_bus=1,
                                rft_pu=0.1, xft_pu=0.1, sn_mva=0.6, index=0),
                        partial(pp.create_switch, net, bus=0, element=1, et="b", index=0)]
    for func in create_functions:
        with pytest.raises(Exception):  # exception has to be raised since bus doesn't exist
            func()
    pp.create_bus(net, 0.4)
    pp.create_bus(net, 0.4)
    pp.create_bus(net, 0.4)
    for func in create_functions:
        func()  # buses exist, element can be created
        with pytest.raises(Exception):  # exception is raised because index already exists
            func()


def test_tap_phase_shifter_default():
    expected_default = False
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    pp.create_bus(net, 20)
    data = pp.load_std_type(net, "25 MVA 110/20 kV", "trafo")
    if "tap_phase_shifter" in data:
        del data["tap_phase_shifter"]
    pp.create_std_type(net, data, "without_tap_shifter_info", "trafo")
    pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net, 0, 1, 25e3, 110, 20, 0.4, 12, 20, 0.07)
    pp.create_transformer(net, 0, 1, "without_tap_shifter_info")
    assert (net.trafo.tap_phase_shifter == expected_default).all()


def test_create_line_conductance():
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    pp.create_bus(net, 20)
    pp.create_bus(net, 20)
    pp.create_std_type(net, {'c_nf_per_km': 210, 'max_i_ka': 0.142, 'q_mm2': 50,
                             'r_ohm_per_km': 0.642, 'type': 'cs', 'x_ohm_per_km': 0.083,
                             "g_us_per_km": 1}, "test_conductance")

    l = pp.create_line(net, 0, 1, 1., "test_conductance")
    assert net.line.g_us_per_km.at[l] == 1


def test_create_buses():
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    # standard
    b1 = pp.create_buses(net, 3, 110)
    # with geodata
    b2 = pp.create_buses(net, 3, 110, geodata=(10, 20))
    # with geodata as array
    geodata = np.array([[10, 20], [20, 30], [30, 40]])
    b3 = pp.create_buses(net, 3, 110, geodata=geodata)

    assert len(net.bus) == 9
    assert len(net.bus_geodata) == 6

    for i in b2:
        assert net.bus_geodata.at[i, 'x'] == 10
        assert net.bus_geodata.at[i, 'y'] == 20

    assert (net.bus_geodata.loc[b3, ['x', 'y']].values == geodata).all()

    # no way of creating buses with not matching shape
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        pp.create_buses(net, 2, 110, geodata=geodata)


def test_create_lines():
    # standard
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    l = pp.create_lines(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], 4, std_type="48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")
    assert len(net.line) == 2
    assert len(net.line_geodata) == 0
    assert sum(net.line.std_type == "48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0") == 2
    assert len(set(net.line.r_ohm_per_km)) == 1

    # with geodata
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    l = pp.create_lines(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], [1.5, 3], std_type="48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0",
                         geodata=[[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)], [(1,1),(1,2)]])

    assert len(net.line) == 2
    assert len(net.line_geodata) == 2
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[0], "coords"] == [(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)]
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[1], "coords"] == [(1,1),(1,2)]

    # setting params as single value
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    l = pp.create_lines(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], length_km=5, df=0.8, in_service=False,
                        geodata=[(10, 10), (20, 20)], parallel=1, max_loading_percent=90,
                        name="test", std_type="48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")

    assert len(net.line) == 2
    assert len(net.line_geodata) == 2
    assert net.line.length_km.at[l[0]] == 5
    assert net.line.length_km.at[l[1]] == 5
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "in_service"] == False  # is actually <class 'numpy.bool_'>
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "in_service"] == False  # is actually <class 'numpy.bool_'>
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[0], "coords"] == [(10,10), (20,20)]
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[1], "coords"] == [(10,10), (20,20)]
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "name"] == "test"
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "name"] == "test"
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "max_loading_percent"] == 90
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "max_loading_percent"] == 90
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "parallel"] == 1
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "parallel"] == 1

    # setting params as array
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    l = pp.create_lines(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], length_km=[1, 5], df=[0.8, 0.7],
                        in_service=[True, False],
                        geodata=[[(10, 10), (20, 20)], [(100, 10), (200, 20)]], parallel=[2, 1],
                        max_loading_percent=[80, 90], name=["test1", "test2"],
                        std_type="48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")

    assert len(net.line) == 2
    assert len(net.line_geodata) == 2
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "length_km"] == 1
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "length_km"] == 5
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "in_service"] == True  # is actually <class 'numpy.bool_'>
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "in_service"] == False  # is actually <class 'numpy.bool_'>
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[0], "coords"] == [(10,10), (20,20)]
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[1], "coords"] == [(100,10), (200,20)]
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "name"] == "test1"
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "name"] == "test2"
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "max_loading_percent"] == 80
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "max_loading_percent"] == 90
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "parallel"] == 2
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "parallel"] == 1


def test_create_lines_from_parameters():
    # standard
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    l = pp.create_lines_from_parameters(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], length_km=[10., 5.], x_ohm_per_km=[1., 1.],
                                        r_ohm_per_km=[0.2, 0.2], c_nf_per_km=[0, 0], max_i_ka=[100, 100])
    assert len(net.line) == 2
    assert len(net.line_geodata) == 0
    assert len(net.line.x_ohm_per_km) == 2
    assert len(net.line.r_ohm_per_km) == 2
    assert len(net.line.c_nf_per_km) == 2
    assert len(net.line.max_i_ka) == 2
    assert len(net.line.df) == 2

    # with geodata
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    l = pp.create_lines_from_parameters(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], length_km=[10., 5.], x_ohm_per_km=[1., 1.],
                                        r_ohm_per_km=[0.2, 0.2], c_nf_per_km=[0, 0], max_i_ka=[100, 100],
                                        geodata=[[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)], [(1,1),(1,2)]])

    assert len(net.line) == 2
    assert len(net.line_geodata) == 2
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[0], "coords"] == [(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)]
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[1], "coords"] == [(1,1),(1,2)]

    # setting params as single value
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    l = pp.create_lines_from_parameters(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], length_km=5, x_ohm_per_km=1,
                                        r_ohm_per_km=0.2, c_nf_per_km=0, max_i_ka=100, df=0.8, in_service=False,
                                        geodata=[(10, 10), (20, 20)], parallel=1, max_loading_percent=90, name='test',
                                        r0_ohm_per_km=0.1, g0_us_per_km=0., c0_nf_per_km=0.,
                                        temperature_degree_celsius=20, alpha=0.04)

    assert len(net.line) == 2
    assert len(net.line_geodata) == 2
    assert all(net.line['length_km'].values == 5)
    assert all(net.line['x_ohm_per_km'].values == 1)
    assert all(net.line['r_ohm_per_km'].values == 0.2)
    assert all(net.line["r0_ohm_per_km"].values == 0.1)
    assert all(net.line["g0_us_per_km"].values == 0)
    assert all(net.line["c0_nf_per_km"].values == 0)
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "in_service"] == False  # is actually <class 'numpy.bool_'>
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "in_service"] == False  # is actually <class 'numpy.bool_'>
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[0], "coords"] == [(10,10), (20,20)]
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[1], "coords"] == [(10,10), (20,20)]
    assert all(net.line["name"].values == "test")
    assert all(net.line["max_loading_percent"].values == 90)
    assert all(net.line["parallel"].values == 1)
    assert all(net.line["temperature_degree_celsius"].values == 20.)
    assert all(net.line["alpha"].values == 0.04)

    # setting params as array
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    l = pp.create_lines_from_parameters(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], length_km=[1, 5], r_ohm_per_km=[1, 2],
                                        x_ohm_per_km=[0.3, 0.5], c_nf_per_km=[0., 0.1], r0_ohm_per_km=[0.1, 0.15],
                                        x0_ohm_per_km=[0.2, 0.25], g0_us_per_km=[0., 0.], c0_nf_per_km=[0., 0.],
                                        df=[0.8, 0.7], in_service=[True, False],
                                        geodata=[[(10, 10), (20, 20)], [(100, 10), (200, 20)]], parallel=[2, 1],
                                        max_loading_percent=[80, 90], name=["test1", "test2"], max_i_ka=[100, 200])

    assert len(net.line) == 2
    assert len(net.line_geodata) == 2
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "length_km"] == 1
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "length_km"] == 5
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "r_ohm_per_km"] == 1
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "r_ohm_per_km"] == 2
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "x_ohm_per_km"] == 0.3
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "x_ohm_per_km"] == 0.5
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "c_nf_per_km"] == 0.
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "c_nf_per_km"] == 0.1
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "r0_ohm_per_km"] == 0.1
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "r0_ohm_per_km"] == 0.15
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "x0_ohm_per_km"] == 0.2
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "x0_ohm_per_km"] == 0.25
    assert all(net.line["g0_us_per_km"].values == 0)
    assert all(net.line["c0_nf_per_km"].values == 0)
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "in_service"] == True  # is actually <class 'numpy.bool_'>
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "in_service"] == False  # is actually <class 'numpy.bool_'>
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[0], "coords"] == [(10,10), (20,20)]
    assert net.line_geodata.at[l[1], "coords"] == [(100,10), (200,20)]
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "name"] == "test1"
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "name"] == "test2"
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "max_loading_percent"] == 80
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "max_loading_percent"] == 90
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "parallel"] == 2
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "parallel"] == 1
    assert net.line.at[l[0], "max_i_ka"] == 100
    assert net.line.at[l[1], "max_i_ka"] == 200


def test_create_lines_raise_except():
    # standard
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    pp.create_lines_from_parameters(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], length_km=[10., 5.], x_ohm_per_km=[1., 1.],
                                    r_ohm_per_km=[0.2, 0.2], c_nf_per_km=[0, 0], max_i_ka=[100, 100])

    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Lines trying to attach .*"):
        pp.create_lines_from_parameters(net, [b1, 2], [2, b2], length_km=[10., 5.], x_ohm_per_km=[1., 1.],
                                        r_ohm_per_km=[0.2, 0.2], c_nf_per_km=[0, 0], max_i_ka=[100, 100])

    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Lines with indexes .*"):
        pp.create_lines_from_parameters(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], index=[0, 0], length_km=[10., 5.], x_ohm_per_km=[1., 1.],
                                        r_ohm_per_km=[0.2, 0.2], c_nf_per_km=[0, 0], max_i_ka=[100, 100])


def test_create_line_alpha_temperature():
    net=pp.create_empty_network()
    b = pp.create_buses(net, 5, 110)

    l1=pp.create_line(net,0,1, 10, "48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")
    l2=pp.create_line(net,1,2, 10, "48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0", alpha=4.03e-3, temperature_degree_celsius=80)
    l3=pp.create_line(net,2,3, 10, "48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")
    l4=pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 3,4,10, 1,1,1,100)
    l5=pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 3,4,10, 1,1,1,100, alpha=4.03e-3)

    assert 'alpha' in net.line.columns
    assert all(net.line.loc[[l2,l3,l5], 'alpha'] == 4.03e-3)
    assert all(net.line.loc[[l1,l4], 'alpha'].isnull())
    assert net.line.loc[l2, 'temperature_degree_celsius'] == 80
    assert all(net.line.loc[[l1,l3,l4,l5], 'temperature_degree_celsius'].isnull())


def test_create_transformers_from_parameters():
    # standard
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 15)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.4)
    t = pp.create_transformers_from_parameters(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], vn_hv_kv=[15., 15.], vn_lv_kv=[0.45, 0.45],
                                               sn_mva=[0.5, 0.7], vk_percent=[1., 1.], vkr_percent=[0.3, 0.3], pfe_kw=0.2,
                                               i0_percent=0.3, foo=2)
    assert len(net.trafo) == 2
    assert len(net.trafo.vk_percent) == 2
    assert len(net.trafo.vkr_percent) == 2
    assert len(net.trafo.pfe_kw) == 2
    assert len(net.trafo.i0_percent) == 2
    assert len(net.trafo.df) == 2
    assert len(net.trafo.foo) == 2

    # setting params as single value
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 15)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.4)
    pp.create_transformers_from_parameters(net, hv_buses=[b1, b1], lv_buses=[b2, b2], vn_hv_kv=15., vn_lv_kv=0.45,
                                               sn_mva= 0.5, vk_percent=1., vkr_percent=0.3, pfe_kw=0.2, i0_percent=0.3,
                                               vk0_percent=0.4, vkr0_percent=1.7,  mag0_rx=0.4, mag0_percent=0.3,
                                               tap_neutral=0., vector_group='Dyn', si0_hv_partial=0.1,
                                               max_loading_percent=80)
    assert len(net.trafo) == 2
    assert all(net.trafo.hv_bus == 0)
    assert all(net.trafo.lv_bus == 1)
    assert all(net.trafo.sn_mva == 0.5)
    assert all(net.trafo.vn_hv_kv == 15.)
    assert all(net.trafo.vn_lv_kv == 0.45)
    assert all(net.trafo.vk_percent == 1.)
    assert all(net.trafo.vkr_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo.pfe_kw == 0.2)
    assert all(net.trafo.i0_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo.vk0_percent == 0.4)
    assert all(net.trafo.mag0_rx == 0.4)
    assert all(net.trafo.mag0_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo.tap_neutral == 0.)
    assert all(net.trafo.tap_pos == 0.)
    assert all(net.trafo.vector_group == 'Dyn')
    assert all(net.trafo.max_loading_percent == 80.)
    assert all(net.trafo.si0_hv_partial == 0.1)

    # setting params as array
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    t = pp.create_transformers_from_parameters(net, hv_buses=[b1, b1], lv_buses=[b2, b2], vn_hv_kv=[15., 15.], sn_mva=[0.6, 0.6],
                                               vn_lv_kv=[0.45, 0.45], vk_percent=[1., 1.], vkr_percent=[0.3, 0.3],
                                               pfe_kw=[0.2, 0.2], i0_percent=[0.3, 0.3],  vk0_percent=[0.4, 0.4],
                                               mag0_rx=[0.4, 0.4], mag0_percent=[0.3, 0.3], tap_neutral=[0., 1.],
                                               tap_pos=[-1, 4])
    print(net.trafo.tap_neutral)
    assert len(net.trafo) == 2
    assert all(net.trafo.hv_bus == 0)
    assert all(net.trafo.lv_bus == 1)
    assert all(net.trafo.vn_hv_kv == 15.)
    assert all(net.trafo.vn_lv_kv == 0.45)
    assert all(net.trafo.sn_mva == 0.6)
    assert all(net.trafo.vk_percent == 1.)
    assert all(net.trafo.vkr_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo.pfe_kw == 0.2)
    assert all(net.trafo.i0_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo.vk0_percent == 0.4)
    assert all(net.trafo.mag0_rx == 0.4)
    assert all(net.trafo.mag0_percent == 0.3)
    assert net.trafo.tap_neutral.at[t[0]] == 0
    assert net.trafo.tap_neutral.at[t[1]] == 1
    assert net.trafo.tap_pos.at[t[0]] == -1
    assert net.trafo.tap_pos.at[t[1]] == 4


def test_create_transformers_raise_except():
    # standard
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    pp.create_transformers_from_parameters(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], vn_hv_kv=[15., 15.], vn_lv_kv=[0.45, 0.45],
                                           sn_mva=[0.5, 0.7], vk_percent=[1., 1.], vkr_percent=[0.3, 0.3], pfe_kw=0.2,
                                           i0_percent=0.3, foo=2)

    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="A trafo with index 1 already exists"):
        pp.create_transformers_from_parameters(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], vn_hv_kv=[15., 15.], vn_lv_kv=[0.45, 0.45],
                                               sn_mva=[0.5, 0.7], vk_percent=[1., 1.], vkr_percent=[0.3, 0.3], pfe_kw=0.2,
                                               i0_percent=0.3, index=[2, 1])
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    pp.create_transformers_from_parameters(net, [b1, b1], [b2, b2], vn_hv_kv=[15., 15.], vn_lv_kv=[0.45, 0.45],
                                           sn_mva=[0.5, 0.7], vk_percent=[1., 1.], vkr_percent=[0.3, 0.3], pfe_kw=0.2,
                                           i0_percent=0.3, foo=2)
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Transformer trying to attach to non existing buses \[2\]"):
        pp.create_transformers_from_parameters(net, [b1, 2], [b2, b2], vn_hv_kv=[15., 15.], vn_lv_kv=[0.45, 0.45],
                                               sn_mva=[0.5, 0.7], vk_percent=[1., 1.], vkr_percent=[0.3, 0.3], pfe_kw=0.2,
                                               i0_percent=0.3, foo=2)

    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Transformer trying to attach to non existing buses \[3\]"):
        pp.create_transformers_from_parameters(net, [b1, b1], [b2, 3], vn_hv_kv=[15., 15.], vn_lv_kv=[0.45, 0.45],
                                                sn_mva=[0.5, 0.7], vk_percent=[1., 1.], vkr_percent=[0.3, 0.3], pfe_kw=0.2,
                                                i0_percent=0.3, foo=2)


def test_create_transformers3w_from_parameters():

    # setting params as single value
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 15)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.4)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.9)
    pp.create_transformers3w_from_parameters(net, hv_buses=[b1, b1], mv_buses=[b3, b3], lv_buses=[b2, b2],
                                               vn_hv_kv=15., vn_mv_kv=0.9, vn_lv_kv=0.45, sn_hv_mva= 0.6, sn_mv_mva=0.5,
                                               sn_lv_mva=0.4, vk_hv_percent=1., vk_mv_percent=1., vk_lv_percent=1.,
                                               vkr_hv_percent=0.3, vkr_mv_percent=0.3, vkr_lv_percent=0.3,
                                               pfe_kw=0.2, i0_percent=0.3, tap_neutral=0.,
                                               mag0_rx=0.4, mag0_percent=0.3)
    assert len(net.trafo3w) == 2
    assert all(net.trafo3w.hv_bus == 0)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.lv_bus == 1)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.mv_bus == 2)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.sn_hv_mva == 0.6)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.sn_mv_mva == 0.5)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.sn_lv_mva == 0.4)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vn_hv_kv == 15.)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vn_mv_kv == 0.9)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vn_lv_kv == 0.45)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vk_hv_percent == 1.)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vk_mv_percent == 1.)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vk_lv_percent == 1.)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vkr_hv_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vkr_mv_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vkr_lv_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.pfe_kw == 0.2)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.i0_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.mag0_rx == 0.4)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.mag0_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.tap_neutral == 0.)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.tap_pos == 0.)

    # setting params as array
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.4)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.9)
    pp.create_transformers3w_from_parameters(net, hv_buses=[b1, b1], mv_buses=[b3, b3], lv_buses=[b2, b2],
                                                 vn_hv_kv=[15., 14.5], vn_mv_kv=[0.9, 0.7], vn_lv_kv=[0.45, 0.5],
                                                 sn_hv_mva= [0.6, 0.7], sn_mv_mva=[0.5, 0.4], sn_lv_mva=[0.4, 0.3],
                                                 vk_hv_percent=[1., 1.], vk_mv_percent=[1., 1.], vk_lv_percent=[1.,1.],
                                                 vkr_hv_percent=[0.3, 0.3], vkr_mv_percent=[0.3, 0.3],
                                                 vkr_lv_percent=[0.3, 0.3], pfe_kw=[0.2, 0.1], i0_percent=[0.3, 0.2],
                                                 tap_neutral=[0., 5.], tap_pos=[1, 2], in_service=[True, False],
                                                 custom_arg=['foo', 'bar']
                                                 )
    assert len(net.trafo3w) == 2
    assert all(net.trafo3w.hv_bus == 0)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.lv_bus == 1)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.mv_bus == 2)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.sn_hv_mva == [0.6, 0.7])
    assert all(net.trafo3w.sn_mv_mva == [0.5, 0.4])
    assert all(net.trafo3w.sn_lv_mva == [0.4, 0.3])
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vn_hv_kv == [15., 14.5])
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vn_mv_kv == [0.9, 0.7])
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vn_lv_kv == [0.45, 0.5])
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vk_hv_percent == 1.)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vk_mv_percent == 1.)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vk_lv_percent == 1.)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vkr_hv_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vkr_mv_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.vkr_lv_percent == 0.3)
    assert all(net.trafo3w.pfe_kw == [0.2, 0.1])
    assert all(net.trafo3w.i0_percent == [0.3, 0.2])
    assert all(net.trafo3w.tap_neutral == [0., 5.])
    assert all(net.trafo3w.tap_pos == [1, 2])
    assert all(net.trafo3w.in_service == [True, False])
    assert all(net.trafo3w.custom_arg == ['foo', 'bar'])


def test_create_transformers3w_raise_except():
    # standard
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 15)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.4)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.9)
    pp.create_transformers3w_from_parameters(net, hv_buses=[b1, b1], mv_buses=[b3, b3], lv_buses=[b2, b2],
                                             vn_hv_kv=15., vn_mv_kv=0.9, vn_lv_kv=0.45, sn_hv_mva= 0.6, sn_mv_mva=0.5,
                                             sn_lv_mva=0.4, vk_hv_percent=1., vk_mv_percent=1., vk_lv_percent=1.,
                                             vkr_hv_percent=0.3, vkr_mv_percent=0.3, vkr_lv_percent=0.3,
                                             pfe_kw=0.2, i0_percent=0.3, tap_neutral=0.,
                                             mag0_rx=0.4, mag0_percent=0.3)

    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="A three winding transformer with index 1 already exists"):
        pp.create_transformers3w_from_parameters(net, hv_buses=[b1, b1], mv_buses=[b3, b3], lv_buses=[b2, b2],
                                                 vn_hv_kv=15., vn_mv_kv=0.9, vn_lv_kv=0.45, sn_hv_mva= 0.6, sn_mv_mva=0.5,
                                                 sn_lv_mva=0.4, vk_hv_percent=1., vk_mv_percent=1., vk_lv_percent=1.,
                                                 vkr_hv_percent=0.3, vkr_mv_percent=0.3, vkr_lv_percent=0.3,
                                                 pfe_kw=0.2, i0_percent=0.3, tap_neutral=0.,
                                                 mag0_rx=0.4, mag0_percent=0.3, index=[2, 1])
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 15)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.4)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.9)
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Transformer trying to attach to non existing buses \{6\}"):
        pp.create_transformers3w_from_parameters(net, hv_buses=[6, b1], mv_buses=[b3, b3], lv_buses=[b2, b2],
                                                 vn_hv_kv=15., vn_mv_kv=0.9, vn_lv_kv=0.45, sn_hv_mva= 0.6, sn_mv_mva=0.5,
                                                 sn_lv_mva=0.4, vk_hv_percent=1., vk_mv_percent=1., vk_lv_percent=1.,
                                                 vkr_hv_percent=0.3, vkr_mv_percent=0.3, vkr_lv_percent=0.3,
                                                 pfe_kw=0.2, i0_percent=0.3, tap_neutral=0.,
                                                 mag0_rx=0.4, mag0_percent=0.3, index=[0, 1])

    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Transformer trying to attach to non existing buses \{3\}"):
        pp.create_transformers3w_from_parameters(net, hv_buses=[b1, b1], mv_buses=[b3, 3], lv_buses=[b2, b2],
                                                 vn_hv_kv=15., vn_mv_kv=0.9, vn_lv_kv=0.45, sn_hv_mva= 0.6, sn_mv_mva=0.5,
                                                 sn_lv_mva=0.4, vk_hv_percent=1., vk_mv_percent=1., vk_lv_percent=1.,
                                                 vkr_hv_percent=0.3, vkr_mv_percent=0.3, vkr_lv_percent=0.3,
                                                 pfe_kw=0.2, i0_percent=0.3, tap_neutral=0.,
                                                 mag0_rx=0.4, mag0_percent=0.3)
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Transformer trying to attach to non existing buses \{3, 4\}"):
        pp.create_transformers3w_from_parameters(net, hv_buses=[b1, b1], mv_buses=[b3, b3], lv_buses=[4, 3],
                                                vn_hv_kv=15., vn_mv_kv=0.9, vn_lv_kv=0.45, sn_hv_mva= 0.6, sn_mv_mva=0.5,
                                                sn_lv_mva=0.4, vk_hv_percent=1., vk_mv_percent=1., vk_lv_percent=1.,
                                                vkr_hv_percent=0.3, vkr_mv_percent=0.3, vkr_lv_percent=0.3,
                                                pfe_kw=0.2, i0_percent=0.3, tap_neutral=0.,
                                                mag0_rx=0.4, mag0_percent=0.3)


def test_create_switches():
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    # standard
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 15)
    b4 = pp.create_bus(net, 15)
    l1 = pp.create_line(net, b1, b2,  length_km=1, std_type="48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")
    t1 = pp.create_transformer(net, b2, b3, std_type='160 MVA 380/110 kV')

    sw = pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0., foo='aaa')

    assert(net.switch.bus.at[0] == b1)
    assert(net.switch.bus.at[1] == b2)
    assert(net.switch.bus.at[2] == b3)
    assert(net.switch.element.at[sw[0]] == l1)
    assert(net.switch.element.at[sw[1]] == t1)
    assert(net.switch.element.at[sw[2]] == b4)
    assert(net.switch.et.at[0] == "l")
    assert(net.switch.et.at[1] == "t")
    assert(net.switch.et.at[2] == "b")
    assert(net.switch.z_ohm.at[0] == 0)
    assert(net.switch.z_ohm.at[1] == 0)
    assert(net.switch.z_ohm.at[2] == 0)
    assert(net.switch.foo.at[0] == 'aaa')
    assert(net.switch.foo.at[1] == 'aaa')
    assert(net.switch.foo.at[2] == 'aaa')


def test_create_switches_raise_except():
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    # standard
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 15)
    b4 = pp.create_bus(net, 15)
    b5 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.9)
    b6 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.4)
    l1 = pp.create_line(net, b1, b2,  length_km=1, std_type="48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")
    t1 = pp.create_transformer(net, b2, b3, std_type='160 MVA 380/110 kV')
    t3w1 = pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(
                                                net,
                                                hv_bus=b4, mv_bus=b5, lv_bus=b6,
                                                vn_hv_kv=15., vn_mv_kv=0.9, vn_lv_kv=0.45, sn_hv_mva= 0.6, sn_mv_mva=0.5,
                                                sn_lv_mva=0.4, vk_hv_percent=1., vk_mv_percent=1., vk_lv_percent=1.,
                                                vkr_hv_percent=0.3, vkr_mv_percent=0.3, vkr_lv_percent=0.3,
                                                pfe_kw=0.2, i0_percent=0.3, tap_neutral=0.
                                            )
    sw = pp.create_switch(net, bus=b1, element=l1, et="l", z_ohm=0.)
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="A switch with index 0 already exists"):
        pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.,
                           index=[sw, 1, 2])

    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Buses \{6\} do not exist"):
        pp.create_switches(net, buses=[6, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)

    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Line 1 does not exist"):
        pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[1, t1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Line %s not connected to bus %s" % (l1, b3)):
        pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b3, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Trafo 1 does not exist"):
        pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[l1, 1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Trafo %s not connected to bus %s" % (t1, b1)):
        pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b1, b3], elements=[l1, t1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Unknown bus index 6"):
        pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, 6], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Trafo3w 1 does not exist"):
        pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, 1], et=["l", "t", "t3"], z_ohm=0.)
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Trafo3w %s not connected to bus %s" % (t3w1, b3)):
        pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, t3w1], et=["l", "t", "t3"], z_ohm=0.)


def test_create_loads():
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    # standard
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    pp.create_loads(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], q_mwar=0., controllable=[True, False, False],
                    max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                    )

    assert(net.load.bus.at[0] == b1)
    assert(net.load.bus.at[1] == b2)
    assert(net.load.bus.at[2] == b3)
    assert(net.load.p_mw.at[0] == 0)
    assert(net.load.p_mw.at[1] == 0)
    assert(net.load.p_mw.at[2] == 1)
    assert(net.load.q_mvar.at[0] == 0)
    assert(net.load.q_mvar.at[1] == 0)
    assert(net.load.q_mvar.at[2] == 0)
    assert(net.load.controllable.at[0] == True)
    assert(net.load.controllable.at[1] == False)
    assert(net.load.controllable.at[2] == False)
    assert(all(net.load.max_p_mw.values == 0.2))
    assert(all(net.load.min_p_mw.values == [0, 0.1, 0]))
    assert(all(net.load.max_q_mvar.values == 0.2))
    assert(all(net.load.min_q_mvar.values == [0, 0.1, 0]))


def test_create_loads_raise_except():
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    # standard
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)

    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Cannot attach to buses \{3, 4, 5\}, they does not exist"):
        pp.create_loads(net, buses=[3, 4, 5], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], q_mwar=0., controllable=[True, False, False],
                        max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                        )

    l = pp.create_loads(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], q_mwar=0., controllable=[True, False, False],
                        max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                        )
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Loads with the ids \[0 1 2\] already exists"):
        pp.create_loads(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], q_mwar=0., controllable=[True, False, False],
                        max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                        index = l)


def test_create_sgens():
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    # standard
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    pp.create_sgens(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], q_mwar=0., controllable=[True, False, False],
                    max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                    k=1.3, rx=0.4, current_source=True)

    assert(net.sgen.bus.at[0] == b1)
    assert(net.sgen.bus.at[1] == b2)
    assert(net.sgen.bus.at[2] == b3)
    assert(net.sgen.p_mw.at[0] == 0)
    assert(net.sgen.p_mw.at[1] == 0)
    assert(net.sgen.p_mw.at[2] == 1)
    assert(net.sgen.q_mvar.at[0] == 0)
    assert(net.sgen.q_mvar.at[1] == 0)
    assert(net.sgen.q_mvar.at[2] == 0)
    assert(net.sgen.controllable.at[0] == True)
    assert(net.sgen.controllable.at[1] == False)
    assert(net.sgen.controllable.at[2] == False)
    assert(all(net.sgen.max_p_mw.values == 0.2))
    assert(all(net.sgen.min_p_mw.values == [0, 0.1, 0]))
    assert(all(net.sgen.max_q_mvar.values == 0.2))
    assert(all(net.sgen.min_q_mvar.values == [0, 0.1, 0]))
    assert(all(net.sgen.k.values == 1.3))
    assert(all(net.sgen.rx.values == 0.4))
    assert(all(net.sgen.current_source))


def test_create_sgens_raise_except():
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    # standard
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)

    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Cannot attach to buses \{3, 4, 5\}, they does not exist"):
        pp.create_sgens(net, buses=[3, 4, 5], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], q_mwar=0., controllable=[True, False, False],
                        max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                        k=1.3, rx=0.4, current_source=True)

    sg = pp.create_sgens(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], q_mwar=0., controllable=[True, False, False],
                        max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                        k=1.3, rx=0.4, current_source=True)
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Sgens with the ids \[0 1 2\] already exists"):
        pp.create_sgens(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], q_mwar=0., controllable=[True, False, False],
                        max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                        k=1.3, rx=0.4, current_source=True, index=sg)


def test_create_gens():
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    # standard
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    pp.create_gens(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], vm_pu=1., controllable=[True, False, False],
                   max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                   min_vm_pu=0.85, max_vm_pu=1.15, vn_kv=0.4, xdss_pu=0.1, rdss_pu=0.1, cos_phi=1.
                )
    assert(net.gen.bus.at[0] == b1)
    assert(net.gen.bus.at[1] == b2)
    assert(net.gen.bus.at[2] == b3)
    assert(net.gen.p_mw.at[0] == 0)
    assert(net.gen.p_mw.at[1] == 0)
    assert(net.gen.p_mw.at[2] == 1)
    assert(net.gen.controllable.at[0] == True)
    assert(net.gen.controllable.at[1] == False)
    assert(net.gen.controllable.at[2] == False)
    assert(all(net.gen.max_p_mw.values == 0.2))
    assert(all(net.gen.min_p_mw.values == [0, 0.1, 0]))
    assert(all(net.gen.max_q_mvar.values == 0.2))
    assert(all(net.gen.min_q_mvar.values == [0, 0.1, 0]))
    assert(all(net.gen.min_vm_pu.values == 0.85))
    assert(all(net.gen.max_vm_pu.values == 1.15))
    assert(all(net.gen.vn_kv.values == 0.4))
    assert(all(net.gen.xdss_pu.values == 0.1))
    assert(all(net.gen.rdss_pu.values == 0.1))
    assert(all(net.gen.cos_phi.values == 1.))


def test_create_gens_raise_except():
    net = pp.create_empty_network()
    # standard
    b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
    b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)

    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Cannot attach to buses \{3, 4, 5\}, they does not exist"):
        pp.create_gens(net, buses=[3, 4, 5], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], vm_pu=1., controllable=[True, False, False],
                       max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                       min_vm_pu=0.85, max_vm_pu=1.15, vn_kv=0.4, xdss_pu=0.1, rdss_pu=0.1, cos_phi=1.
                       )

    g = pp.create_gens(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], vm_pu=1., controllable=[True, False, False],
                        max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                        min_vm_pu=0.85, max_vm_pu=1.15, vn_kv=0.4, xdss_pu=0.1, rdss_pu=0.1, cos_phi=1.
                        )
    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="gens with the ids \[0 1 2\] already exists"):
        pp.create_gens(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], p_mw=[0, 0, 1], vm_pu=1., controllable=[True, False, False],
                       max_p_mw=0.2, min_p_mw=[0, 0.1, 0],  max_q_mvar=0.2, min_q_mvar=[0, 0.1, 0],
                       min_vm_pu=0.85, max_vm_pu=1.15, vn_kv=0.4, xdss_pu=0.1, rdss_pu=0.1, cos_phi=1.,
                       index=g)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["test_create.py"])
