What does the acronym JPEG represent? Is #1 a coalition of different groups?
JPEG
The term "JPEG" is an initialism/acronym for the Joint Photographic Experts Group. They created the standard in 1992. The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is the joint committee between ISO/IEC JTC 1 and ITU-T Study Group 16 (formerly CCITT) .  The Joint Photographic Experts Group created and maintains the JPEG, JPEG 2000, and JPEG XR standards. 
Lossy compression method for reducing the size of digital images
Does the JPEG acronym stand for a joint committee?