question: What is the moon and how did it get to earths orbit?
comment: I’m not sure about the Mariana Trench part, but the Moon is made of the same stuff as the Earth. The current hypothesis is exactly that - during Earth’s early stages, it got hit by a huge body about the size of Mars (another early planet). Both ‘Earth’ and this planet broke up into a bunch of pieces, the biggest one went on to become Earth, and a smaller one started orbiting that and became the Moon. All the other debris ended up falling back to one of the two. So according to this hypothesis, Earth actually came from two planets in the early solar system. Edit: the Mariana Trench is just a boundary between two tectonic plates, almost definitely has zero to do with the above.
passages: Moon (disambiguation)
  
  The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
  
  Moon may also refer to:
  
  Section::::Celestial bodies.
  
  BULLET::::- Moon (generic) or natural satellite
  
  BULLET::::- Moon (astrology), the ruling planet of Cancer
  
  BULLET::::- Moon, a Chinese asterism corresponding to 37 Tauri
  
  Section::::Fictional entities.
  
  BULLET::::- Moon (Transformers), a character in "Beast Wars II"
  
  BULLET::::- The Moon, a recurring character from "The Mighty Boosh"
  
  BULLET::::- Moon, a character in the Tom Stoppard play "The Real Inspector Hound"
  
  BULLET::::- Moon, a DLC 4 Zombies map for ""
  
  BULLET::::- Moon, a Zombies map remastered version for part of the DLC 5 Zombies Chronicles for ""
   Section::::Earth-Moon system.
  
  Section::::Earth-Moon system.:Orbit.
   Section::::Observation and exploration.:By spacecraft.:20th century.:1980s–2000.
   Section::::Characteristics.:Orbit.
   Outline of the Moon
  
  The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Moon:
  
  Moon – Earth's only permanent natural satellite. It is one of the largest natural satellites in the Solar System, and the largest among planetary satellites relative to the size of the planet that it orbits (its primary). It is the second-densest satellite among those whose densities are known (after Jupiter's satellite Io).
  
  Section::::What type of thing is the Moon?
  
  The Moon can be described as all of the following:
   Section::::Observational history.
   Moon
  
  Earth's Moon is an astronomical body that orbits the planet and acts as its only permanent natural satellite. It is the fifth-largest satellite in the Solar System, and the largest among planetary satellites relative to the size of the planet that it orbits (its primary). The Moon is, after Jupiter's satellite Io, the second-densest satellite in the Solar System among those whose densities are known.
   Section::::Discovery.
  
  When it was first discovered, it was quickly found that the object was in an orbit around Earth. Astronomers were surprised at this, as the Moon is the only large object in orbit around the Earth, and anything else would have been ejected long ago due to perturbations with the Earth, the Moon and the Sun.
   Section::::History.:"Life On Earth" (2010).
   Section::::See also.
  
  BULLET::::- Exploration of Io
  
  BULLET::::- List of natural satellites
  
  BULLET::::- Planetary geology
  
  Section::::External links.
  
  Section::::External links.:General information.
  
  BULLET::::- Io profile at NASA's Solar System Exploration site
  
  BULLET::::- Bill Arnett's Io webpage from The Nine Planets website
  
  BULLET::::- Io overview from the University of Michigan's Windows to the Universe
  
  BULLET::::- Calvin Hamilton's Io page from the Views of the Solar System website
  
  Section::::External links.:Movies.
  
  BULLET::::- Paul Schenk's 3D images and flyover videos of Io and other outer solar system satellites
  
  BULLET::::- High resolution video simulation of rotating Io by Seán Doran
  
  Section::::External links.:Images.
   Each year, several mostly small NEOs pass Earth closer than the distance of the Moon.
  
  On August 10, 1972, a meteor that became known as the 1972 Great Daylight Fireball was witnessed by many people; it moved north over the Rocky Mountains from the U.S. Southwest to Canada. It was an Earth-grazing meteoroid that passed within of the Earth's surface, and was filmed by a tourist at the Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming with an 8-millimeter color movie camera.
   Section::::Origin and evolution.
   The Moon: its motion and faces, its tides, lunar eclipses; the fixed stars, Berlin-Babelsberg Observatory, constellations, the North Star, comets, meteors and falling stars.
  
  3) The Star of Day ()
  
  Sunspots, auroras, solar eclipse, solar prominences, night, day and meridians, heating of the equator vs. poles, earthly seasons.
  
  4) A Flight to the Moon ()
  
  Introduces a "fantasty ship" pulled by "huge electrical energies", calls it a "space ship". Depicts its launch, discusses the nature of the vacuum of space, the idea of a Moon-day, the Earth as seen from the Moon.
  
  5) The Sun's Children ()
   Further observations have been made by "Cassini–Huygens" in 2000, "New Horizons" in 2007, and "Juno" in 2017 and 2018, as well as from Earth-based telescopes and the Hubble Space Telescope.
  
  Section::::Nomenclature.
   BULLET::::- Sun-synchronous orbit: An orbit which combines altitude and inclination in such a way that the satellite passes over any given point of the planets' surface at the same local solar time. Such an orbit can place a satellite in constant sunlight and is useful for imaging, spy, and weather satellites.
  
  BULLET::::- Moon orbit: The orbital characteristics of Earth's Moon. Average altitude of , elliptical–inclined orbit.
  
  Section::::Orbit types.:Pseudo-orbit classifications.
   Section::::History.:The Lunar Sessions (2008 - 2009).
   This hypothesis states that the Moon was captured by the Earth. This model was popular until the 1980s, and some points in its favor are the Moon's size, orbit, and tidal locking.
   The Moon is a relatively large, terrestrial, planet-like natural satellite, with a diameter about one-quarter of Earth's. It is the largest moon in the Solar System relative to the size of its planet, although Charon is larger relative to the dwarf planet Pluto. The natural satellites of other planets are also referred to as "moons", after Earth's.
   Over the centuries, many scientific hypotheses have been advanced concerning the origin of Earth's Moon. One of the earliest was the so-called "binary accretion model", which concluded that the Moon accreted from material in orbit around the Earth left over from its formation. Another, the "fission model", was developed by George Darwin (son of Charles Darwin), who noted that, as the Moon is gradually receding from the Earth at a rate of about 4 cm per year, so at one point in the distant past it must have been part of the Earth, but was flung outward by the momentum of Earth's then–much faster rotation. This hypothesis is also supported by the fact that the Moon's density, while less than Earth's, is about equal to that of Earth's rocky mantle, suggesting that, unlike the Earth, it lacks a dense iron core. A third hypothesis, known as the "capture model", suggested that the Moon was an independently orbiting body that had been snared into orbit by Earth's gravity.
   Section::::Recording.
   Section::::Formation.
   List of active Solar System probes
  
  This is a list of active space probes which have escaped Earth orbit. It includes lunar space probes, but does not include space probes orbiting at the Sun–Earth Lagrangian points (for these, see List of objects at Lagrangian points). A craft is deemed "active" if it is still able to transmit usable data to Earth (whether or not it can receive commands).
   The Moon was the first celestial body to be the object of space exploration. It holds the distinctions of being the first remote celestial object to be flown by, orbited, and landed upon by spacecraft, and the only remote celestial object ever to be visited by humans.
   Section::::Physical characteristics.:Atmosphere.
   Section::::Origin and evolution.
  