question: Why is deodorant so hard to wipe off a shirt?
comment: He's asking why not how to clean deodorant off.... My best guess it's the deodorant is not water soluble and it tends to stick on surfaces like clothes because that's they way it's designed, if not, it would wear off quickly
passages: In a 2010 article published in the "Daily Mail" Laura Stott described being allowed to wear a prototype spray-on shirt, and being pleasantly surprised that it did not tear, or rip, when she hung her large handbag from her shoulder. She said she was able to take off the shirt as easily as any t-shirt, and that it retained its shape on subsequent wearings.
   Underarm hair wicks the moisture away from the skin and aids in keeping the skin dry enough to prevent or diminish bacterial colonization. The hair is less susceptible to bacterial growth and therefore reduces bacterial odor. The apocrine sweat glands are inactive until puberty, which is why body odor often only becomes noticeable at that time.
  
  Deodorant products work in one of two ways - by preventing sweat from occurring, or by allowing it to occur but preventing bacterial activity that decomposes sweat on the skin.
  
  Section::::History.
  
  Section::::History.:Early deodorants.
   Human perspiration of all types is largely odorless until its organic components are fermented by bacteria that thrive in hot, humid environments. The human underarm is among the most consistently warm areas on the surface of the human body, and sweat glands readily provide moisture containing a proportion of organic matter, which when excreted, has a vital cooling effect. When adult armpits are washed with alkaline pH soap, the skin loses its protective acid mantle (pH 4.5 - 6), raising the skin pH and disrupting the skin barrier. Many bacteria are adapted to the slightly alkali environment within the human body, so they can thrive within this elevated pH environment. this makes the skin more than usually susceptible to bacterial colonization. Bacteria on the skin feed on the waste proteins and fatty acids in the sweat from the apocrine glands and on dead skin and hair cells, releasing trans-3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid in their waste, which is the primary cause of body odor. 
   Spray-on clothing
  
  Spray-on clothing is a form of clothing, that is applied by spraying polymer over the body in such a manner that it appears as clothing. It is a polymer mix that dries relatively quickly.
   Dazzle fabric does not stain very easily. Laundering a garment that is made of dazzle fabric on the normal cycle is usually sufficient to keep the garment in top condition. Air-drying or a few minutes in a dryer will usually produce a crisp and wrinkle free look. Dazzle fabric holds its shape very well and requires only basic maintenance.
  
  Compared to other fabrics, dazzle is even more durable than denim because of the tightly woven polyester fibers, which make it nearly impossible to tear.
   Section::::Singles.
   Section::::Critical reception.
   A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent or mask (hide) body odor due to bacterial breakdown of perspiration in the armpits, groin, and feet, and in some cases vaginal secretions. A subclass of deodorants, called antiperspirants, prevents sweating itself, typically by blocking sweat glands. Antiperspirants are used on a wider range of body parts, at any place where sweat would be inconvenient or unsafe, since unwanted sweating can interfere with comfort, vision, and grip (due to slipping). Other types of deodorant allow sweating but inhibit (prevent) bacterial action on sweat, since human sweat only has a noticeable smell when it is decomposed by bacteria.
   Section::::Classification.
  
  Section::::Classification.:Deodorant.
   In the United States, deodorants are classified and regulated as cosmetics by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are designed to eliminate odor. Deodorants are often alcohol based. Alcohol initially stimulates sweating but may also temporarily kill bacteria. Other active ingredients in deodorants include sodium stearate, sodium chloride, and stearyl alcohol. Deodorants can be formulated with other, more persistent antimicrobials such as triclosan that slow bacterial growth or with metal chelant compounds such as EDTA. Deodorants may contain perfume fragrances or natural essential oils intended to mask the odor of perspiration. In the past, deodorants included chemicals such as zinc oxide, acids, ammonium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and formaldehyde, but some of these ingredients were messy, irritating to the skin, or even carcinogenic.
   Over-the-counter products, often labeled as "natural deodorant crystal", contain the chemical rock crystals potassium alum or ammonium alum, which prevents bacterial action on sweat. These have gained popularity as an alternative health product, in spite of concerns about possible risks related to aluminum (see below - all alum salts contain aluminum in the form of aluminum sulphate salts) and contact dermatitis. 
  
  Vaginal deodorant, in the form of sprays, suppositories, and wipes, is often used by women to mask vaginal secretions. Vaginal deodorants can sometimes cause dermatitis.
  
  Section::::Classification.:Deodorant antiperspirant.
   In 1903, the first commercial antiperspirant was Everdry. The modern formulation of the antiperspirant was patented by Jules Montenier on January 28, 1941. This patent addressed the problem of the excessive acidity of aluminum chloride and its excessive irritation of the skin, by combining it with a soluble nitrile or a similar compound. This formulation was first found in "Stopette" deodorant spray, which Time Magazine called "the best-selling deodorant of the early 1950s". "Stopette" gained its prominence as the first and long-time sponsor of the game show "What's My Line?", and was later eclipsed by many other brands as the 1941 patent expired.
   On September 15, 2010, Ian Sample, "The Guardian"s Science correspondent reported on a press conference where Dr Manuel Torres showed a spray-on clothing product named Fabrican. Covering the same announcement Prita Ganapati, writing for "Wired magazine" referred to the result as ""spray-on fabric"". "The Guardian" referred to both ""spray-on bandages"" and ""spray-on fabric"". "Scientific American" referred to both ""spray-on clothing"" and ""spray-on clothes"". Torres described the fabric as similar to felt.
   Anhydrous aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly functions by diffusing into the sweat gland and forming a colloidal "plug" which limits the flow of sweat to the skin surface. The plug is gradually broken down and normal sweating resumes.
  
  Section::::Clothing stains.
   Certain types of fabrics need to be re-treated to maintain water-repellency, as fluoropolymers decompose over time when exposed to water and chemicals. Washing the garment with harsh detergents usually accelerates DWR loss; in addition, soaps often leave a residue which attracts water and dirt. On the other hand, rain water or salt water affects DWRs less significantly. Affected garments can be treated with a 'spray-on' or 'wash-in' treatment to improve water-repellency. In some cases heat treatment can reactivate the factory applied repellent finish and aid in the repelling of water, and other liquids such as oils. On the other hand, some DWR products do not require heat treatment to be activated, and sometimes DWR treatments can be revitalized simply by washing the fabric with a suitable cleaner.
   BULLET::::- "Aluminum in antiperspirants can enter the body (possibly through cuts) and cause breast cancer:" There is no current evidence to support this claim, nor any convincing evidence that it is true. A fact often cited to back up this claim is that more breast cancers occur in the part of the breast near the armpits, however breast tissue is not evenly spread out, and the part of the breast near the armpit (the Tail of Spence) simply contains much more breast tissue than the other quadrants, making it much more likely that any cancer would occur in that location. See above for current scientific knowledge regarding aluminum in deodorants.
   The myth that breast cancer is believed to be linked with deodorant use has been widely circulated and appears to originate from a spam email sent in 1999; however, there is no evidence to support the existence of such a link. The myth circulates in two forms:
   There is a popular myth that deodorant use is linked to breast cancer, but research has shown no such link exists.
  
  Section::::Overview.
   Sodium bisulfate was the primary active ingredient in crystal toilet bowl cleaners Vanish and Sani-Flush, both now discontinued.
  
  In the textiles industry, it is sometimes applied to velvet cloth made with a silk backing and a pile of cellulose-based fiber (rayon, cotton, hemp, etc.) to create "burnout velvet": the sodium bisulfate, when applied to such a fabric and heated, causes the cellulose-based fibers to become brittle and flake away, leaving burned-out areas in the finished material, usually in attractive patterns.
   The US Food and Drug Administration, in a 2003 paper discussing deodorant safety, concluded that "despite many investigators looking at this issue, the agency does not find data from topical and inhalation chronic exposure animal and human studies submitted to date sufficient to change the monograph status of aluminum containing antiperspirants", therefore allowing their use and stating they will keep monitoring the scientific literature. Members of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) of the European Commission concluded similarly in 2015, that "due to the lack of adequate data on dermal penetration to estimate the internal dose of aluminium following cosmetic uses, risk assessment cannot be performed."
   A single-action airbrush is generally considered easier to use because depressing the trigger releases a fixed ratio of makeup to air. However, in order to achieve different levels of coverage and detail the nozzle has to be changed between applications. 
   Underarm liners
  
  Section::::History.
  
  For centuries, bathing was far from common in many parts of the world. Heavy colognes were used to mask body odor. Not until the late nineteenth century did chemists develop products that prevented the formation of body odors. Early antiperspirants included creams, solids, pads, dabbers, roll-ons, and powders. Today, anti-perspirants are most common in the forms of sticks, sprays, and roll-ons. But an older form of sweat protection, underarm liners, never went away.
  
  Section::::Reusable underarm liners.
   Section::::Applications.:Surface.:Working.
   Section::::Physics.:Liquid surface.
  
  To find the shape of the minimal surface bounded by some arbitrary shaped frame using strictly mathematical means can be a daunting task. Yet by fashioning the frame out of wire and dipping it in soap-solution, a locally minimal surface will appear in the resulting soap-film within seconds.
   Antistatic garments are used in many industries such as electronics, communications, telecommunications and defense applications. As computers and electronics become ever more pervasive in consumer products an increasing number of manufacturers will need to apply anti-static control measures. One such measure is antistatic apparel because people are the greatest source of static charge in the workplace.
  