question: How do bees produce honey and Honeycomb?
comment: Bees drink nectar and eat pollen from flowers. Whatever they don’t use for flying around and staying alive gets turned into fat in their abdomen, which gets extruded from their shell as a little flake of wax because the bee can’t afford to carry that extra weight around. So, another bee grabs it, chews it up, and sticks it to a tree. More and more of these flakes get stuck to each other into the shape of a hexagonal cell. With enough of these, the bees now have a hive. The queen bee lays eggs in some of these cells, but the others are used for storing honey. When the bees come back from collecting nectar from the flowers, they bring back more than they needed for the flight home. They barf the extra into an empty cell at which point other bees come along and fan it with their wings to drive off the water. When the cell is full and there’s so little water that no bacteria can grow, more of those wax flakes are used to seal off the cell. Then, in the winter, the bees can drink the honey when there’s no more flowers around.
passages: Bees produce honey by collecting nectar, a clear liquid consisting of nearly 80 percent water and complex sugars. The collecting bees store the nectar in a second stomach and return to the hive, where worker bees remove the nectar. The worker bees digest the raw nectar for about 30 minutes, using digestive enzymes to break down the complex sugars into simpler ones. Raw honey is then spread in empty honeycomb cells to dry, reducing its water content to less than 20 percent. When nectar is being processed, honey bees create a draft through the hive by fanning with their wings. When the honey has dried, the honeycomb cells are sealed (capped) with wax to preserve it.
   Worker bees of a certain age secrete beeswax from a series of exocrine glands on their abdomens. They use the wax to form the walls and caps of the comb. As with honey, beeswax is gathered by humans for various purposes such as candle making, waterproofing, soap and cosmetics manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, art, furniture polish and more.
  
  Section::::Bee products.:Bee bread.
  
  Bees collect pollen in their pollen baskets and carry it back to the hive.
   After the break-up Byrne moved to Ace, Demick & Finlayson formed Meal Ticket and McAlea went on to work with Kate Bush on her 1979 tour and her series of concerts in 2014 in London.
   Nurse bees feed the worker larvae worker jelly which is secreted from glands that produce royal jelly. They will also go into the special cells to create a semi-royal jelly that is similar to the royal but it tastes more like honey.
  
  BULLET::::- Advanced Nurse Bees (days 6–11)
  
  BULLET::::- Nurse Bees will then feed royal jelly to the queen larva and drones receive worker jelly for 1 to 3 days at which time they are started on a diet of honey
  
  Section::::Progression of tasks.:Wax production (days 12–17).
   Honey extraction
  
  Honey extraction is the central process in beekeeping of removing honey from honeycomb so that it is isolated in a pure liquid form.
   Section::::Beekeeping.:Beeswax.
  
  Mature worker bees secrete beeswax from glands on their abdomen, using it to form the walls and caps of the comb. When honey is harvested, the wax can be collected for use in products like candles and seals.
  
  Section::::Beekeeping.:Bee bread.
  
  Bees collect pollen in a pollen basket and carry it back to the hive where, after undergoing fermentation and turning into bee bread, it becomes a protein source for brood-rearing. Excess pollen can be collected from the hive; although it is sometimes consumed as a dietary supplement by humans, bee pollen may cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals.
   Galileo Galilei discusses in 1638 the resistance of hollow solids: "Art, and nature even more, makes use of these in thousands of operations in which robustness is increased without adding weight, as is seen in the bones of birds and in many stalks that are light and very resistant to bending and breaking”.
  
  Robert Hooke discovers in 1665 that the natural cellular structure of cork is similar to the hexagonal honeybee comb. and Charles Darwin states in 1859 that "the comb of the hive-bee, as far as we can see, is absolutely perfect in economizing labour and wax”.
   Section::::Beekeeping.:Honey.
   By contriving for bee swarms to nest in human-made hives, people have been able to semidomesticate the insects and harvest excess honey. In the hive or in a wild nest, the three types of bees are:
  
  BULLET::::- a single female queen bee
  
  BULLET::::- a seasonally variable number of male drone bees to fertilize new queens
  
  BULLET::::- 20,000 to 40,000 female worker bees
   Western honey bees collect flower nectar and convert it to honey, which is stored in the hive. The nectar, transported in the bees' stomachs, is converted with the addition of digestive enzymes and storage in a honey cell for partial dehydration. Nectar and honey provide the energy for the bees' flight muscles and for heating the hive during the winter. Western honey bees also collect pollen which, after being processed to bee bread, supplies protein and fat for the bee brood to grow. Centuries of selective breeding by humans have created western honey bees which produce far more honey than the colony needs, and beekeepers (also known as apiarists) harvest the surplus honey.
   Some beekeepers will also harvest (before uncapping the honey) the propolis, a resinous material bees gather to glue the frames together; propolis is used for its medicinal properties.
   Normally, the honey is stored by honey bees in their beeswax honeycomb; in framed bee hives, the honey is stored on a wooden structure called a frame. The honey frames are typically harvested in the late summer, when they will be most filled with honey. On a completely filled frame, the cells will be capped over by the bees for storage; that is, each cell containing honey will be sealed with a capping made of beeswax.
  
  Section::::Framed hive.
   Wax bees build cells from wax, repair old cells, and store nectar and pollen
  
  brought in by other workers. Early in the worker's career she will exude wax from the space between several of her abdominal segments. Four sets of wax glands, situated inside the last four ventral segments of the abdomen, produce wax for comb construction.
  
  Section::::Worker activities.
  
  Section::::Worker activities.:Honey sealing.
  
  Mature honey, sufficiently dried, is sealed tightly with wax to prevent absorption of moisture from the air by workers deputized to do this.
  
  Section::::Worker activities.:Drone feeding.
   Honey bees are one of the products of a beehive. They can be purchased as mated queens, in spring packages of a queen along with two to five pounds (0.91 to 2.27 kg) of honey bees, as nucleus colonies (which include frames of brood), or as full colonies. Commerce of western honey bees dates back to as early as 1622, when the first colonies of bees were shipped from England to Virginia. Modern methods of producing queens and dividing colonies for increase date back to the late 1800s. Moses Quinby of New York is considered the first commercial beekeeper in the United States. Before Quinby and his experimentation with movable box hives, which allow honey to be extracted without first killing off the hive, bees and bee products were mainly an object of local trade. The expansion of better highways and increased use of motor vehicles after World War I allowed commercial beekeepers to expand the size of their businesses.
   Section::::Beekeeping.:Pollination.
   BULLET::::- "Have I the Right?: The Very Best of the Honeycombs" (EMI 7243 5 38312 2 6, 2002):
   Section::::Farm.:Characteristics.:Beekeeping.
  
  The farm also contains bees gene bank and 40 beehives. They produce several different types of honey: black locust, floral, sunflower, multifloral (“meadow”). Curiosity is honey produced from sophora (“Japanese acacia”).
  
  Section::::Farm.:Characteristics.:Fishpond.
   Foraging bees bring pollen back to the hive, where they pass it off to other worker bees, who pack the pollen into cells with their heads. During collection and possibly packing, the pollen is mixed with nectar and bee salivary secretions. Bee pollen is the primary source of protein for the hive. 
   The bees often smooth the bark surrounding the nest entrance, and coat the cavity walls with a thin layer of hardened plant resin called propolis. Honeycombs are attached to the walls along the cavity tops and sides, but small passageways are left along the comb edges. The basic nest architecture for all honeybees is similar: honey is stored in the upper part of the comb; beneath it are rows of pollen-storage cells, worker-brood cells, and drone-brood cells, in that order. The peanut-shaped queen cells are normally built at the lower edge of the comb.
  
  Section::::Ancient hives.
   Honey is the complex substance made when bees ingest nectar, process it, and store the substance into honey combs. All living species of "Apis" have had their honey gathered by indigenous peoples for consumption. "A. mellifera" and "A. cerana" are the only species that have had their honey harvested for commercial purposes.
  
  Section::::Bee products.:Beeswax.
   Honeybees carry pollen as well as the nectar used in their production of honey. For food quality and safety concerns it is important to understand the plant providence of human-consumed bee products including honey, royal jelly, and pollen pellets. Investigators can test which plants honeybees foraged on and thus the origin of the nectar used in honey by collecting pollen packets from honeybees' corbicular loads and identify the pollen via DNA metabarcoding.
   Honey is produced by bees collecting nectar for use as sugars consumed to support metabolism of muscle activity during foraging or to be stored as a long-term food supply. During foraging, bees access part of the nectar collected to support metabolic activity of flight muscles, with the majority of collected nectar destined for regurgitation, digestion, and storage as honey. In cold weather or when other food sources are scarce, adult and larval bees use stored honey as food.
   Section::::History.:Origins.:Study of honey bees.
   Beekeeping
  
  Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in man-made hives, by humans. Most such bees are honey bees in the genus "Apis", but other honey-producing bees such as "Melipona" stingless bees are also kept. A beekeeper (or apiarist) keeps bees in order to collect their honey and other products that the hive produce (including beeswax, propolis, flower pollen, bee pollen, and royal jelly), to pollinate crops, or to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers. A location where bees are kept is called an apiary or "bee yard".
  
  Section::::History.
   The colony of "Apis cerana", a typical honey bee, consists of several thousand female worker bees, one queen bee, and several hundred male drone bees. The colony is constructed inside beeswax combs inside a tree cavity, with a special peanut-shaped structure on the margins of the combs where the queens are reared.
  