question: How do you feed people with brain dead coma?
comment: A feeding tube or intravenous injection, depending on whether the stomach, liver, etc are functioning. Because a lot of bodily functions can operate on autopilot, it's not hard to keep a functional body alive with minimal brain function. It's just a matter of keeping airways clear and nutrients flowing. If the stomach works, they can shove a tube down the throat and push a slurry of nutrient rich paste into the stomach for digestion. If it doesn't, they can inject nutrients directly into the blood via IV.
passages: The institute is hailed as an intensive care facility designed to cut down on heavy medical costs. Patients who are declared brain dead or "vegetables" are referred to the institute. Here, Susan finds that patients are suspended from the ceiling by wires in rooms walled by glass, and moved from room to room with little human involvement. The "samples" are kept alive and healthy until a call for an organ comes in. The organ of choice is removed surgically (without consent) and then sold on the black market.
   Similar delicacies from around the world include Mexican "tacos de sesos". The Anyang tribe of Cameroon practiced a tradition in which a new tribal chief would consume the brain of a hunted gorilla, while another senior member of the tribe would eat the heart. Indonesian cuisine specialty in Minangkabau cuisine also served beef brain in a coconut-milk gravy named gulai otak (beef brain curry). In Cuban cuisine, "brain fritters" are made by coating pieces of brain with bread crumbs and then frying them.
  
  Section::::Nutritional composition.
   In Maxwell Atoms' Cartoon Network series "Evil Con Carne" (2003-2004), Hector Con Carne was reduced to a brain and a stomach and both of them were put in jars attached to the body of a Russian circus bear. Hector's brain is the main character of the cartoon.
  
  Edgar Rice Burroughs' "The Mastermind of Mars" involves a surgeon who does this as his main operation, and a man from Earth, the narrator and main character, who is trained to do it as well.
   Inmates requiring episodic health care generally follow a process called Sick Call. Inmates request treatment, generally by completing a form (a "Sick Call Slip") and are seen by a nurse. Most facilities have standardized protocols which allow administration of over-the-counter medications for simple conditions like headache, athlete’s foot, and constipation without the need for communication with a medical provider. An assessment of a more serious condition, or one that falls outside the protocols, would be referred to a provider for further evaluation.
   Brain death can sometimes be difficult to differentiate from other medical states such as barbiturate overdose, alcohol intoxication, sedative overdose, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, coma, and chronic vegetative states. Some comatose patients can recover to pre-coma or near pre-coma level of functioning, and some patients with severe irreversible neurological dysfunction will nonetheless retain some lower brain functions, such as spontaneous respiration, despite the losses of both cortex and brain stem functionality. Such is the case with anencephaly.
   BULLET::::- In the movie "Blood Diner", two cannibal brothers bring their uncle's (isolated) brain back to life to help them in their quest to restore life to the five-million-year-old goddess Shitaar. Their uncle's brain instructs them to collect the required parts to resurrecting Shitaar – virgins, assorted body parts, and the ingredients for a "blood buffet".
  
  BULLET::::- In the science fiction comedy film "The Man with Two Brains", the protagonist, a pioneering neurosurgeon, falls in love with a disembodied brain that was able to communicate with him telepathically.
   BULLET::::- In the tenth episode of "The Simpsons"' eleventh season ("Little Big Mom"), Bart and Homer believe they have leprosy and begin to act like zombies. When trying to ask Ned Flanders for help, they reach through the mail slot on his front door, saying, in a zombie-like voice, "Brains. Brains." Then Homer cheerfully says, "Use your brains to help us." Then, using the zombie-like voice again, he says, "Your delicious brains."
  
  BULLET::::- In 2011, "More Brains! A Return of the Living Dead Documentary" was released on DVD.
   A brain-damaged man, trapped in a coma-like state for six years, was brought back to consciousness in 2003 by doctors who planted electrodes deep inside his brain. The method, called deep brain stimulation (DBS) successfully roused communication, complex movement and eating ability in the 38-year-old American man who suffered a traumatic brain injury. His injuries left him in a minimally conscious state (MCS), a condition akin to a coma but characterized by occasional, but brief, evidence of environmental and self-awareness that coma patients lack.
  
  Section::::Society and culture.
   Internet venues unrelated to medical issues have also been the audience for such cases. A member of an online fan club for the musical "Rent" divulged numerous illnesses that caused her to slip in and out of comas, prompting some cast members to send sympathy cards. When other fan club members expressed their concern, even purchasing airline tickets to visit the sick woman, she reported that she had immediately improved.
   "He drank it and took his seat for an instant, after which he felt nauseated and began to vomit clay in abundance, mixed with the vinegar that he had drunk. Consequently his throat became open again and his speech normal."
  
  Another example is when Usama is suffering from a cold; he is given an Indian melon which cures him: 'no sooner had I finished eating it than I began to perspire and the cold which I felt disappeared'.
   Until recently, therapeutic feeding centers, that require long inpatient stays, have been the only accepted mode of treatment for severe acute malnutrition. CTC programmes treat the majority of these cases at home and aim to restrict inpatient care to only those suffering from acute malnutrition with medical complications. They use decentralised networks of outpatient treatment sites to provide a take-home food ration known as Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) along with routine medicines.
   Section::::Brain death vs. similar conditions.
  
  It is important to understand the similarities and differences between brain death and two other conditions: persistent vegetative state and coma.
  
  Section::::Brain death vs. similar conditions.:Difference between brain death and persistent vegetative state.
   Most PVS patients are unresponsive to external stimuli and their conditions are associated with different levels of consciousness. Some level of consciousness means a person can still respond, in varying degrees, to stimulation. A person in a coma, however, cannot. In addition, PVS patients often open their eyes in response to feeding, which has to be done by others; they are capable of swallowing, whereas patients in a coma subsist with their eyes closed (Emmett, 1989).
   Awake In America, a non-profit organization based in Philadelphia, launched "Operation Restore CPAP" to get equipment to treat sleep apnea in victims of Hurricane Katrina who had been previously diagnosed with sleep apnea.
   Brain consumption can result in contracting fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies such as Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and other prion diseases in humans and mad cow disease in cattle. Another prion disease called kuru has been traced to a funerary ritual among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea in which those close to the dead would eat the brain of the deceased to create a sense of immortality.
   For extended periods without food or water, patients may be started on total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
  
  Section::::Unrestricted clear fluids.
  
  Fasting guidelines often restrict the intake of any oral fluid after two to six hours preoperatively. However, it has been demonstrated in a large retrospective analysis in Torbay Hospital that unrestricted clear oral fluids right up until transfer to theatre could significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting without an increased risk in the adverse outcomes for which such conservative guidance exists.
  
  Section::::See also.
  
  BULLET::::- List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions
  
  BULLET::::- List of Latin phrases
   As Scully and the home's head doctor manage to stop the patient's seizures, the spirits disappear and the bathroom door opens, freeing Mulder and Charters. The government of Massachusetts takes over the facility, and the orderly supplying the medicine is turned over to immigration services. The remaining original patients, no longer having access to the drug, revert to their previous state of dementia.
  
  Section::::Production.
   BULLET::::- Elaine Esposito - American child who was a previous record holder for having spent 37 years in a coma
  
  BULLET::::- Haleigh Poutre
  
  BULLET::::- Karen Ann Quinlan
  
  BULLET::::- Terri Schiavo
  
  BULLET::::- Aruna Shanbaug
  
  BULLET::::- Ariel Sharon
  
  BULLET::::- Vice Vukov
  
  BULLET::::- Chayito Valdez
  
  BULLET::::- Helga Wanglie
  
  BULLET::::- Otto Warmbier
  
  BULLET::::- Abdelhak Nouri
  
  Section::::See also.
  
  BULLET::::- Anencephaly
  
  BULLET::::- Brain death
  
  BULLET::::- Botulism
  
  BULLET::::- Catatonia
  
  BULLET::::- Karolina Olsson
  
  BULLET::::- Locked-in syndrome
  
  BULLET::::- Process Oriented Coma Work, for an approach to working with residual consciousness in patients in comatose and persistent vegetative states
  
  Section::::References.
   Once she returned home, Audrey required 24-hour nursing care, provided by her devoted family and a team of nurses provided by the Massachusetts Commission for the Blind. She breathed through a ventilator and was on a feeding tube for sustenance, taking only communion wafers by mouth.
   In a New Guinean Chimbu community, a woman whose child was killed breastfeeds a piglet whose mother died. At a celebration that recurs every five years, in a matter of hours, dozens of pigs are slaughtered by beating on their heads with wooden poles and eaten, after which the partly cannibalistic community returns to its perpetual state of hunger. Dogs, however, are fed and treated with affection and respect. At the Pet Haven Cemetery in Pasadena, California, dog owners mourn their beloved. In Taipei, Taiwan, dogs are grown, butchered and skinned alive for local dog meat gourmets. In Rome, hundreds of chicks are tinged in many colors and then dried at 50 degrees Celsius to be included in Easter Eggs; according to the narrator, of the 600 that undergo it, approximately 70 do not survive the procedure. For foie gras, geese in Strasbourg are force-fed using funnels. In a farm 200 miles from Tokyo, Wagyu cattle are massaged and fed beer for three or four specialised restaurants in Tokyo and New York.
   BULLET::::3. Find the site of the brain that may be causing coma (i.e., brainstem, back of brain…) and assess the severity of the coma with the Glasgow Coma Scale
  
  BULLET::::4. Take blood work to see if drugs were involved or if it was a result of hypoventilation/hyperventilation
  
  BULLET::::5. Check for levels of “serum glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, urea, and creatinine”
  
  BULLET::::6. Perform brain scans to observe any abnormal brain functioning using either CT or MRI scans
  
  BULLET::::7. Continue to monitor brain waves and identify seizures of patient using EEGs
  
  Section::::Diagnosis.:Initial evaluation.
   On "Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman"; Sully, the white man raised by Native Americans who is her lover and companion, performs the procedure on one of Dr. Quinn's boys using a bird's feather (the base where it is hollow).
  
  During an episode of the National Geographic Channel documentary "Inside Combat Rescue", a US Air Force Pararescueman in Afghanistan performs an actual cricothyrotomy on a wounded civilian in a helicopter maneuvering under combat conditions. The procedure is successful and the patient is delivered to Kandahar Regional Medical Hospital.
   As patients undergoing terminal sedation are typically in the last hours or days of their lives, they are not usually eating or drinking significant amounts. There have not been any conclusive studies to demonstrate benefit to initiating artificial nutrition (TPN, tube feedings, etc.) or artificial hydration (subcutaneous or intravenous fluids). There is also a risk that IV fluids or feedings can worsen symptoms, especially respiratory secretions and pulmonary congestion. If the goal of palliative sedation is comfort, IV fluids and feedings are often not consistent with this goal.
   Treatment Grinker's myelinopathy is still in the experimental stages and is very individualized. Some suggested treatments are early supportive care, rehabilitation therapies, oxygen treatments, and bed rest. Some episodes of Grinker's myelinopathy that progress to comas have no known treatment to reverse the course.
   The person being fed must be able to eat by mouth, but lacks either the cognitive or physical ability to self-feed. Individuals who are born with a disability like cerebral palsy, or arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) may be unable to feed themselves. Also, those who acquire a disability due to an accident or a disease like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may require hand feeding because they may become unable to pick-up and bring food to their own mouth. Guidance about safely assisting people to eat can be found at the Feeding the Disabled website.
  
presuppositions: Brain dead coma means no functions of the body work. 
corrections: Bodily functions can still operate during a brain dead coma. 
raw_presuppositions: Brain dead coma means no functions of the body work.  Brain function contributes to the stomach's operations in feeding a person.
raw_corrections: Bodily functions can still operate during a brain dead coma.  As long as a stomach is functional, only minimal brain function is needed to feed a person.