question: What happens if Roe vs Wade is overturned?
comment: If Roe V Wade is overturned--depending on the details of the decision--the states would presumably be free to set their own individual laws regarding abortion, including banning it. This will, inevitably, lead to the deaths of many women who will still attempt to get abortions, but who now have to do it in unsafe environments. Whether that's a good thing or bad thing depends heavily on your political beliefs.
passages: Section::::Role in subsequent decisions and politics.:State laws regarding "Roe".
  
  Several states have enacted so-called trigger laws which would take effect in the event that "Roe v. Wade" is overturned, with the effect of outlawing abortions on the state level. Those states include Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Dakota and South Dakota. Additionally, many states did not repeal pre-1973 statutes that criminalized abortion, and some of those statutes could again be in force if "Roe" were reversed.
   Abortion in the United States is legal via the landmark 1973 case of "Roe v. Wade". Specifically, abortion is legal in all U.S. states, and every state has at least one abortion clinic. However, individual states can regulate/limit the use of abortion or create "trigger laws", which would make abortion illegal within the first and second trimesters if "Roe" were overturned by the Supreme Court of the United States Also, nine states—Alabama, Arizona, Michigan, New Mexico, Oklahoma, West Virginia, and Wisconsin as well as the already mentioned Arkansas and Mississippi, still have their unenforced pre-"Roe" abortion bans on the lawbooks, which could start being enforced if "Roe" were overturned. In accordance with the US Supreme Court case of "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" (1992), states cannot place legal restrictions posing an undue burden for "the purpose or effect of placing a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion of a nonviable fetus."
   Other states have passed laws to maintain the legality of abortion if "Roe v. Wade" is overturned. Those states include California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Nevada and Washington.
  
  The Mississippi Legislature has attempted to make abortion unfeasible without having to overturn "Roe v. Wade". The Mississippi law as of 2012 was being challenged in federal courts and was temporarily blocked.
   McCorvey - who, since "Roe", had become a pro-life activist - sought to have "Roe" overturned based on her rights as an original litigant. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permit a litigant to file for relief from judgment, under defined circumstances. VII FRCP 60b. However, the same rule requires that "[t]he motion shall be made within a reasonable time"; the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas ruled that the time elapsed since "Roe" (in excess of thirty years) was too great for McCorvey to now file.
  
  Section::::Opinion of the court.
   In the United States, six states — Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Dakota, and South Dakota — have trigger laws that would automatically ban abortion in the first and second trimesters if the landmark case "Roe v. Wade" were overturned. Illinois formerly had a trigger law (enacted in 1975), but repealed it in 2017. Also, nine states — Alabama, Arizona, Michigan, New Mexico, Oklahoma, West Virginia, and Wisconsin as well as the already mentioned Arkansas and Mississippi, still have their unenforced pre-"Roe" abortion bans on the lawbooks, which are not currently enforceable due to "Roe", but could start being enforced if "Roe" were overturned.
   BULLET::::- Nick Loeb as Bernard Nathanson
  
  BULLET::::- Stacey Dash as Mildred Jefferson
  
  BULLET::::- Jamie Kennedy as Lawrence Lader
  
  BULLET::::- Joey Lawrence as Robert Byrn
  
  BULLET::::- Greer Grammer as Sarah Weddington
  
  BULLET::::- Justine Wachsberger as Linda Coffee
  
  BULLET::::- Octavius Prince as Cyril Means
  
  BULLET::::- Lucy Davenport as Betty Friedan
  
  BULLET::::- Summer Joy Campbell as Norma McCorvey
  
  BULLET::::- Tomi Lahren as Sally Blackmun
  
  BULLET::::- Jon Voight as Warren E. Burger
  
  BULLET::::- Robert Davi as William J. Brennan Jr.
  
  BULLET::::- Corbin Bernsen as Harry Blackmun
  
  BULLET::::- John Schneider as Byron White
  
  BULLET::::- William Forsythe as Potter Stewart
  
  BULLET::::- Wade Williams as William Rehnquist
   BULLET::::- "Planned Parenthood v. Casey", A woman is still able to have an abortion before viability, but several restrictions are now permitted during the first trimester. The strict trimester framework of "Roe" is discarded and replaced with the more vague "undue burden" test.
  
  BULLET::::- "Stenberg v. Carhart", Laws that ban partial-birth abortion are unconstitutional if they do not make an exception for the woman's health or if they cannot be reasonably construed to apply only to the partial-birth abortion procedure and not to other abortion methods.
   In April 2019, the Kansas Supreme Court affirmed the lower court's decision, and ruled that the right to abortion is inherent within the state's constitution and bill of rights, such that even if "Roe v. Wade" is overturned and the federal protection of abortion rights is withdrawn, the right would still be allowed within Kansas, barring a change in the state constitution.
  
  Section::::State regulatory initiatives regarding abortion.:Louisiana.
   Section::::Supreme Court decision.
  
  On January 22, 1973, the Supreme Court issued a 7–2 decision in favor of Roe that held that women in the United States have a fundamental right to choose whether or not to have abortions and therefore struck down Texas's abortion ban as unconstitutional. The decision was issued together with a companion case, "Doe v. Bolton", that involved a similar challenge to Georgia's abortion laws.
  
  Section::::Supreme Court decision.:Opinion of the Court.
   On January 27, 2013, Planned Parenthood of Wisconsin marked the 40th anniversary of "Roe v. Wade" with an event titled  “Our Lives. Our Stories. Our Celebration” at the Majestic Theater in Madison.
   The Court concluded that Texas's abortion statutes were unconstitutional, and struck them down: "A state criminal abortion statute of the current Texas type, that excepts from criminality only a life-saving procedure on behalf of the mother, without regard to pregnancy stage and without recognition of the other interests involved, is violative of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment."
  
  Section::::Supreme Court decision.:Concurrences.
   BULLET::::- The Constitutionalization of Abortion, in Michel Rosenfeld and Andras Sajo, eds., THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1057 (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012), reprinted in ABORTION LAW IN TRANSNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE: CASES AND CONTROVERSIES (Rebecca J. Cook, Joanna Erdman & Bernard H. Dickens 2014)
  
  BULLET::::- Dignity and Sexuality: Claims on Dignity in Transnational Debates Over Abortion and Same-Sex Marriage, 10 INTL. J. CON. L. 335 (2012)
  
  BULLET::::- Before (and After) "Roe v. Wade": New Questions About Backlash, 120 Yale L.J. 2028 (2011) (with Linda Greenhouse)
   BULLET::::- United States: "McCorvey v. Hill", 385 F.3d 846 (5th Cir. 2004), was a case in which the principal original litigant in "Roe v. Wade", (1973) Norma McCorvey, also known as 'Jane Roe', requested the overturning of "Roe". The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled that McCorvey could not do this; the United States Supreme Court denied certiorari on February 22, 2005, rendering the opinion of the Fifth Circuit final.
   BULLET::::- United States: "Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists", 476 U.S. 747 (1986) was a United States Supreme Court case involving a challenge to Pennsylvania's Abortion Control Act of 1982. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists sought an injunction to all enforcement of the Pennsylvania law. Although the law in question was similar to the one in "City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health", in "Thornburgh" the Reagan administration asked the justices to overrule "Roe v. Wade". Justice Blackmun's opinion for the court rejected this position, reaffirming "Roe".
   The state had a law on the books in August 2018 that would be triggered if Roe v. Wade was overturned. In mid-May 2019, abortion was banned after week 22. North Dakota HB 1456 was signed into law in March 2013 by Jack Dalrymple, who stated that it was "a legitimate attempt by a state legislature to discover the boundaries of Roe v. Wade." A federal district court found that it clearly violated the constitutional protections afforded in Roe v. Wade and it was quickly blocked. 
  
  Section::::History.:Judicial history.
   Several members of the South Dakota legislative majority, as well as Governor Rounds, acknowledged that the overt goal of WHHLPA was to get the Supreme Court to overturn "Roe" per the recommendation of the task force (the Supreme Court at that time was shifting in a conservative direction, one that might have been more amenable to overturning "Roe").
   The state legislature was one of eight states nationwide that tried, and failed, to pass a fetal heartbeat bill in 2017. In 2018, the Mississippi House passed a bill that outlawed abortion after 15 weeks. The state had a law on the books in August 2018 that would be triggered if "Roe v. Wade" was overturned. In 2018, three heartbeat bills were filed in Mississippi; all of which died in committee. In 2017, three heartbeat bills were filed in Mississippi; all of which died in committee. In 2014, Sen. Joey Fillingane, filed a heartbeat bill in the Mississippi State Senate. The bill died in committee. In 2013, HB 6, was introduced in January and died in committee on February 5, 2013. Another fetal heartbeat bill filed in 2019, HB 529 by Robert Foster died the House Judiciary A Committee on February 5, 2019. Three fetal heartbeat bills were filed in the Mississippi Legislature in January 2019. SB 2116, by Sen. Angela Burks Hill was referred to the Public Health and Welfare Committee on January 11, 2019. HB 732, by Rep. Chris Borwn was referred to the Public Health and Human Services Committee on January 17, 2019. After passing out of their respective committees on February 5, 2019, both SB 2116 and HB 732, were passed out of the Mississippi Senate and Mississippi House on February 13, 2019. On March 19, 2019, the Senate concurred in the House amendments to SB 2116, and on March 22, 2019 the fetal heartbeat bill was signed into law by Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant. In 2019, only 14% of the state legislators were female.
   On June 17, 1970, a three-judge panel of the District Court, consisting of Northern District of Texas Judges Sarah T. Hughes, William McLaughlin Taylor Jr. and Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Irving Loeb Goldberg, unanimously declared the Texas law unconstitutional, finding that it violated the right to privacy found in the Ninth Amendment. In addition, the court relied on Justice Arthur Goldberg's 1965 concurrence in "Griswold v. Connecticut". The court, however, declined to grant an injunction against enforcement of the law.
  
  Section::::Issues before the Supreme Court.
   The "Roe v. Wade" case, tried in Texas, stands at the center of years of national debate about the issue of abortion. Henry Wade was serving as District Attorney of Dallas County at the time.
   BULLET::::- United States: "Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England", 546 U.S. 320 (2006), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving a facial challenge to New Hampshire's parental notification abortion law. The First Circuit had ruled that the law was unconstitutional and an injunction against its enforcement was proper. The Supreme Court vacated this judgment and remanded the case, but avoided a substantive ruling on the challenged law or a reconsideration of prior Supreme Court abortion precedent. Instead, the Court only addressed the issue of remedy, holding that invalidating a statute in its entirety "is not always necessary or justified, for lower courts may be able to render narrower declaratory and injunctive relief."
   At an event in 2013 that reflected on the 40th anniversary of "Roe v. Wade", she described the decision—in the paraphrase by "Notre Dame Magazine"—as "creating through judicial fiat a framework of abortion on demand". She also remarked that it was "very unlikely" the court will overturn the core aspect of "Roe v. Wade": "The fundamental element, that the woman has a right to choose abortion, will probably stand. The controversy right now is about funding. It's a question of whether abortions will be publicly or privately funded." 
  
  Section::::Federal judicial service.:Potential Supreme Court nomination.
   Reversing Roe
  
  Reversing Roe is a 2018 American documentary film directed by Ricki Stern and Anne Sundberg. Through interviews, the film analyzes the abortion laws in America and the consequences of the 1973 Roe v. Wade case. The film is internationally distributed by Netflix, where it was released on September 13, 2018.
  
  Section::::Plot.
  
  Documentarists Ricki Stern and Anne Sundberg interview several politicians, experts, and activists about the state of the abortion politics in the United States and about the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court's landmark decision Roe v. Wade.
  
  Section::::Cast.
  
  BULLET::::- Donna Howard as himself
  
  BULLET::::- John Seago as himself
   The Supreme Court has held that bans must include exceptions for threats to the woman's life, physical health, and mental health, but four states allow late-term abortions only when the woman's life is at risk; four allow them when the woman's life or physical health is at risk, but use a definition of health that pro-choice organizations believe is impermissibly narrow. Note that just because a portion of a state's law is found to be unconstitutional does not mean that the entire law will be deemed unconstitutional: "[I]nvalidating the statute entirely is not always necessary or justified, for lower courts may be able to render narrower declaratory and injunctive relief," meaning the court could declare that only those parts of the law that are violative of the Constitution are invalid (declaratory relief), or that the court can prohibit the state from enforcing those portions of the law (injunctive relief).
   In the wake of her death, the passing of the Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution, which repealed the Eighth Amendment, empowered the Oireachtas to legislate for abortion. It did so through the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018, signed into law on 20 December 2018.
  
  Section::::Death.
  
  Section::::Death.:Summary of events.
   BULLET::::- Governor Kathleen Blanco of Louisiana signed into law a ban on most forms of abortion (unless the life of the mother was in danger or her health would be permanently damaged) once it passed the state legislature. The bill would only go into effect if the United States Supreme Court reversed "Roe v. Wade". Louisiana's measure would allow the prosecution of any person who performed or aided in an abortion. The penalties include up to 10 years in prison and a maximum fine of $100,000.
  