question: How do vinyl records play music? Like how does a needle spinning on grooves give off a specific lyric or song?
comment: A sound is a vibration. If you can vibrate the air exactly the same way, it sounds the same. & #x200B; Your vocal chords are vibrating the air that passes over them when you speak. Now take a speaker on a stereo. If it vibrates using the exact same measurements as your vocal chords, it can replay exactly what you said in your voice. & #x200B; The needle is spinning on grooves that make it vibrate. those vibrations are amplified so we can hear them.
passages: Section::::Turntable technology.:Turntable drive systems.
   In some ways similar to the laser turntable is the IRENE scanning machine for disc records, which images with microphotography, invented by a team of physicists at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories.
  
  An offshoot of IRENE, the Confocal Microscope Cylinder Project, can capture a high-resolution three-dimensional image of the surface, down to 200 µm. In order to convert to a digital sound file, this is then played by a version of the same 'virtual stylus' program developed by the research team in real-time, converted to digital and, if desired, processed through sound-restoration programs.
  
  Section::::Formats.
  
  Section::::Formats.:Types of records.
   The first 45 rpm record created for sale was "PeeWee the Piccolo" RCA 47-0147 pressed in yellow translucent vinyl at the Sherman Avenue plant, Indianapolis on December 7, 1948, by R. O. Price, plant manager.
  
  In the 1970s, the government of Bhutan produced now-collectible postage stamps on playable vinyl mini-discs.
  
  Section::::Structure.
   Section::::Cast.
  
  BULLET::::- Gerard Malanga as Victor
  
  BULLET::::- Edie Sedgwick as Extra
  
  BULLET::::- Ondine as Scum Baby
  
  BULLET::::- Tosh Carillo as The Doctor
  
  BULLET::::- Larry Latrae
  
  BULLET::::- J.D. McDermott as Cop
  
  BULLET::::- Jacques Potin as Extra
  
  Section::::Background.
   BULLET::::- Scream 4 Distortion: a distortion module with ten different distortion models: Overdrive, Distortion, Fuzz, Tube, Tape, Feedback, Modulate, Warp, Digital and Scream
  
  BULLET::::- DDL-1 Digital Delay Line: a simple delay effect
  
  BULLET::::- CF-101 Chorus/Flanger: a chorus and flanger effect
  
  Section::::Additional Interface.
   Section::::Sound enhancements.:Laser turntable.
   BULLET::::- David Vadim as Hilly Kristal, owner of New York City club, CBGB
  
  BULLET::::- Ben Mayne as Billy Name, Warhol collaborator and photographer
  
  Section::::Music.
   Greg Beets of Austin Chronicle praised the book writing that, "Enjoy the Experience chronicles the golden age of private pressings with contagious aplomb." Andrew Frisicano of Time Out Magazine praised the book concept and how it traces the stories behind the creation of those records and their creators along with the study of the recordings themselves.
   Pressings were created in the same way as ordinary records. A master recording was cut into a blank wax or acetate disc. This was electroplated to produce a metal stamper from which a number of identical discs were pressed in shellac or vinyl in a record press. Although the earliest transcription discs were pressed in shellac, in the mid-1930s quieter vinyl compounds were substituted. These discs were used to distribute syndicated programming to individual radio stations. Their use for this purpose persisted long after the advent of magnetic tape recording because it was cheaper to cut and plate a master disc and press 100 identical high-quality discs than to make 100 equally high-quality tape dubs.
   BULLET::::- 1945 : The Hammond Organ Company commissioned John Hanert to design the Hanert Synthesizer
  
  BULLET::::- 1946 : Jennings Musical Instruments releases the Univox
  
  BULLET::::- 1946 : Raymond Scott patented the Orchestra Machine
  
  BULLET::::- 1947 : Constant Martin constructed the Clavioline
  
  BULLET::::- 1948 : Bell Laboratories reveal the first transistor
  
  BULLET::::- 1948 : The microgroove 33-1/3 rpm vinyl record (LP) is introduced by Columbia Records
  
  BULLET::::- 1951 : Pultec introduces the first passive program equalizer, the EQP-1
  
  BULLET::::- 1952 : Harry F. Olson and Herbert Belar invent the RCA Synthesizer
   Highway Hi-Fi was a system of proprietary records and players designed for use in automobiles, utilizing a slower play speed and high stylus pressure.
  
  Section::::Unusual materials and uses.
  
  With their origin stretching back to the dawn of recorded sound at the turn of the 20th century, flexible recording media have been made from a variety of materials including foil, paper, and–in the 1950s–thin flexible vinyl known as flexi discs.
   Section::::Hosts.
  
  The on-air personalities, together with their publicity blurbs, are:
  
  BULLET::::- Earle Bailey
  
  Weekdays 6 am - 12 pm ET
  
  Weekends 9 am - 12 pm ET
  
  From on-air host to producer and news director, Earle Bailey's radio career took him from Bridgeport, CT to Philadelphia, where he produced and hosted Rock 'n' Roll Roots. The show featured artists and songs banished from "classic rock" formats.
  
  BULLET::::- Katherine Boyd
  
  Weekends 12 pm - 6 pm ET
  
  Katherine is an Emmy-award winning broadcaster who grew up on classic rock & roll. 
   BULLET::::- A laser turntable is a phonograph that plays gramophone records using a laser beam as the pickup instead of a conventional diamond-tipped stylus. This playback system has the unique advantage of avoiding physical contact with the record during playback; instead, a focused beam of light traces the signal undulations in the vinyl, with zero friction, mass and record wear. The laser turntable was first conceived by Robert S. Reis, while working as a consultant of analog signal processing for the United States Air Force and the United States Department of Defense.
  
  1984 LCD projector
   Section::::Unusual speeds.:Microgrooved 78s.
  
  A small number of 78 RPM microgroove vinyl recordings have been issued by smaller and underground performers, mainly as novelty items, from the 1970s to the present. In 2006, the Belfast singer Duke Special released a number of ten inch EPs in 78 RPM. A series of 78 RPM microgroove records was issued by the "Audiophile" label during the early LP era. They were supposed to provide higher quality sound than 33 RPM by virtue of their faster rotation speed combined while also providing significantly longer playing time than standard groove 78 RPM records.
  
  Section::::Unusually long playing times.
   For a sound to be recorded by the Phonograph, it has to go through three distinct steps. First, the sound enters a cone-shaped component of the device, called the microphone diaphragm. That sound causes the microphone diaphragm, which is connected to a small metal needle, to vibrate. The needle then vibrates in the same way, causing its sharp tip to etch a distinctive groove into a cylinder, which was made out of tinfoil.
  
  Section::::The phonograph.:Playback.
   A gramophone record, commonly known as a record, or a vinyl record, is an analog sound storage medium consisting of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove. The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. Ever since Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877, it produced distorted sound because of gravity's pressure on the playing stylus. In response, Emile Berliner invented a new medium for recording and listening to sound in 1887 in the form of a horizontal disc, originally known as the "platter".
  
  1887 Slot machine
   BULLET::::- In 1999, English Noise Artist Paul Nomex released a Parallel Groove 12", "Are you more than just a product of your influence" that plays from the inside out on both sides at both 16 & 78 speeds.
  
  BULLET::::- In 2014, American alternative rock group Camper Van Beethoven released a two-disc reissue of their Key Lime Pie album, featuring one side that plays the song "Closing Theme" from the inside out at 45 RPM.
   Beginning in the 1940s, flexible records began to be used in the form of "book records"–spiral bound paper publications and four or five flexible record sheets bound in. A spindle hole went through the entire assembly. Book records could be opened to one of the records and completely folded back around itself, so that the whole thing could be placed on the turntable and played intact.
   Section::::Pickup systems.:Magnetic cartridges.
  
  There are two common designs for magnetic cartridges, moving magnet (MM) and moving coil (MC) (originally called "dynamic"). Both operate on the same physics principle of electromagnetic induction. The moving magnet type was by far the most common and more robust of the two, though audiophiles often claim that the moving coil system yields higher fidelity sound.
   Section::::Electric sound recording and reproduction.:Magnetic tape.
  
  An important field of invention during this period was the tape recorder. Magnetic tape recording uses an amplified electrical audio signal to generate analogous variations of the magnetic field produced by a tape head, which impresses corresponding variations of magnetization on the moving tape. In playback mode, the signal path is reversed, the tape head acting as a miniature electric generator as the varyingly magnetized tape passes over it.
   BULLET::::- Vincent D'Onofrio as Mississippi DJ (uncredited)
  
  BULLET::::- Elvis Presley as Himself (archive footage) (uncredited)
  
  Section::::Background.
  
  Leonard Chess was the co-founder of the 1950s American record label Chess Records, located in Chicago, Illinois. He ran the legendary company with his brother, Phil, through the 1950s and '60s. The label started selling records from the back of Chess' Cadillac, and launched the careers of legendary musical personalities such as blues singers and harmonica and guitar players Little Walter and Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, soul legend Etta James and guitarist singer-songwriters Chuck Berry and Willie Dixon.
  
  Section::::Production.
   Section::::Transcription discs.:Disc types.
  
  Transcription discs are of two basic types: pressings and instantaneous discs.
   The Audograph recorded on thin vinyl discs, recording from the inside to the outside, the opposite of conventional gramophone records. Unlike conventional records, the disc was driven by a surface-mounted wheel. This meant that its recording and playback speed decreased toward the edge of the disc (like the Compact Disc and other digital formats), to keep a more constant linear velocity and to improve playing time.
  
  Along with a Dictabelt sound recorder, an Audograph captured sounds recorded at the time of the John F. Kennedy assassination that were reviewed by the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations.
   Pressing the tab key on the computer keyboard reveals the Record racks back side, where you can access additional parameters for the rackmounted devices, including signal cables for audio and CV. This allows users to virtually route cables connecting the devices in the rack like in a traditional hardware based studio. For example, a device's output can be split into two signal chains for different processing, and the connected to different mixer channels. Users can choose where to draw the line between simplicity and precision, allowing Record to remain useful at various levels of knowledge and ambition on the user's part.
   Flexi disc
  
  The flexi disc (also known as a phonosheet, Sonosheet or Soundsheet, a trademark) is a phonograph record made of a thin, flexible vinyl sheet with a molded-in spiral stylus groove, and is designed to be playable on a normal phonograph turntable. Flexible records were commercially introduced as the Eva-tone Soundsheet in 1962, and were very popular among children and teenagers and mass-produced by the state publisher in the Soviet government.
  
  Section::::History.
  