question: why is it easier to cramp when in the water
comment: Your muscles are not used to the lack of gravity in the water. Thus when U move them to propel urself it's easier to stiffen up that muscle because it's not used to that particular motion.
passages: Section::::Misconceptions.
   BULLET::::- Swimming starts with a simultaneous energetic lifting of the waist upward and movement of tightly placed legs downwards, during which the shoulder and the head move forward horizontally. At the same time feet get out of the extremely low position (they are not deep in water: not more than 10-12 degrees), the faster they leave the low position the weaker are the brake factors;
   BULLET::::- 54 "thalamitai" or "thalamioi" in the lowest row, ("thalamos" means "hold"). Their position was certainly the most uncomfortable, being underneath their colleagues and also exposed to the water entering through the oarholes, despite the use of the "askōma", a leather sleeve through which the oar emerged.
   Section::::History.
   Fish show different responses to different noxious stimuli, even when these are apparently similar. This indicates the response is flexible and not simply a nociceptive reflex. Atlantic cod injected in the lip with acetic acid, capsaicin, or piercing the lip with a commercial fishing hook, showed different responses to these three types of noxious stimulation. Those cod treated with acetic acid and capsaicin displayed increased hovering close to the bottom of the tank and reduced use of shelter. However, hooked cod only showed brief episodes of head shaking.
  
  Section::::Research findings.:Avoidance learning.
   Slack water may also be misused to refer to a process in caves. This occurs when a stream cave, or fluviokarst, is completely filled with water during flooding.
  
  Section::::Dodge tides.
   BULLET::::- Leg and foot cramps may be caused by unaccustomed exercise, cold, or ill-fitting fins.
  
  BULLET::::- Lower back pain may be caused by a heavy weightbelt hanging from the small of the back, counteracting the buoyancy of the diving suit which is distributed over the full length of the diver. This effect can be reduced by use of integrated weight systems which support the weights over the length of the back on the diving harness backplate.
  
  BULLET::::- Restricted circulation to the hands may be caused by excessively tight dry suit cuff seals.
  
  Section::::Treatment.
   Cramps can occur when muscles are unable to relax properly due to myosin proteins not fully detaching from actin filaments. In skeletal muscle, ATP levels must be large enough to bind to the myosin heads for them to attach or detach from the actin and allow contraction or relaxation; the absence of enough levels of ATP means that the myosin heads remains attached to actin. The muscle must be allowed to recover (resynthesize ATP), before the myosin proteins can detach and allow the muscle to relax. Skeletal muscles work as antagonistic pairs. Contracting one skeletal muscle requires the relaxation of the opposing muscle in the pair.
   Therefore, the final equation that we seek to solve is:
  
  Section::::Initiation of motion.:Example.:Solution.
  
  We make several assumptions to provide an example that will allow us to bring the above form of the equation into a solved form.
  
  First, we assume that the a good approximation of reach-averaged shear stress is given by the depth-slope product. We can then rewrite the equation as
  
  Moving and re-combining the terms, we obtain:
  
  where R is the submerged specific gravity of the sediment.
   Section::::Controversy.:Protective responses.
  
  Initial work by Sneddon and her co-workers characterised behavioural responses in rainbow trout, common carp and zebrafish. However, when these experiments were repeated by Newby and Stevens without anaesthetic, rocking and rubbing behaviour was not observed, suggesting that some of the alleged pain responses observed by Sneddon and co-workers were likely to be due to recovery of the fish from anaesthesia.
   Spasticity can be in the form of the clasp-knife response, in which there is increased resistance only at the beginning or at the end of the movement. Rigidity can be of the leadpipe type, in which there is resistance throughout to passive movement, or it may be of cogwheel type, in which the resistance to passive movement is in a jerky manner.
  
  Section::::Pathological tonus.:Tonus in surgery.
  
  In ophthalmology, tonus may be a central consideration in eye surgery, as in the manipulation of extraocular muscles to repair strabismus. Tonicity aberrations are associated with many diseases of the eye (e.g. Adie syndrome).
   In the same year, Rivers joined the Neurological Society of London and presented "A Case of Treadler's Cramp" to a meeting of the society. The case serves today as a poignant reminder of the cost, to millions of lives, of Britain's industrial supremacy.
   Section::::Behavior.:Diet.
   As alluded to earlier, buoyancy plays a large role in ensuring the participants benefits from performing hydrogymnastics. Buoyancy means that when one is “submerged” in water, their body will float and this is mainly due to the fact that water has an anti-gravitational effect. In hydrogymnastics, the deeper a person is immersed in water, the less body weight they are carrying and therefore, this results in less pressure on one's joints, ligaments, bones and muscles, better flexibility and increased range of motion. Because resistance activities are also incorporated into hydrogymnastics, this means that the participant will experience other health benefits such as muscle toning (especially around the legs, buttocks and arms) and reduced swelling (e.g. around the lower legs and feet).
   In 2009, scientists at the National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, published the first notable wistar rat treadmill fatigue study. Researchers used desalinated deep ocean water processed with ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis to increase magnesium levels and hardness. The water was sourced from the East Coast of Taiwan. The Study showed that the DOM experimental groups were significantly better than the control group with regards exhausting time and the ratio of lactic acid elimination to lactic acid increment. Summarizing the results, the researchers suggested that endurance, adaptation for exercising load and accelerating elimination in fatigue of rats could be improved when fed with DOM of higher hardness and quantity.
   BULLET::::- "The Big Blue" (1988) is a romantic film about two world-class freedivers, a heavily fictionalized depiction of the rivalry of freedivers Jacques Mayol and Enzo Maiorca.
  
  BULLET::::- In the movie "Phoenix Blue" (2001), protagonist Rick is a musician who freedives competitively.
  
  BULLET::::- The children's novel "The Dolphins of Laurentum" by Caroline Lawrence (2003), which takes place in ancient Rome, describes the applications of freediving (sponge and pearl diving) and its hazards, as one of the principal characters, as well as the main antagonist, try to beat each other to a sunken treasure.
   AquaStretch is the most recent hydrogymnastics technique. In 2010, George Eversaul introduced AquaStretch- a technique that involves resistance (e.g. wearing weights) in order to restore one's range of motion. Also like the other techniques, AquaStretch takes place in warm water. In order to perform AquaStretch, it is essential both the therapist and participant abide by the “basic procedure” which incorporates four steps. The first step is ‘play’ and this means the participants freely moves around in water to find the exact location where they are experiencing pain. They then ‘freeze’ when they have found the spot where the have pain and/or are prevented from moving. The therapist then applies ‘pressure’ (with fingers, hand and/or elbow) to the muscle the participant is experiencing the pain. The final step is ‘move’, however this step is not always performed. Depending on the participant and if “they feel the need to move”, this step aims to release muscle or body tension.
   BULLET::::- Drowning is often inconspicuous to onlookers. In most cases, raising the arms and vocalising are impossible due to the instinctive drowning response. Waving and yelling (known as "aquatic distress") is a sign of trouble, but not a dependable one: most victims demonstrating the instinctive drowning response do not show prior evidence of distress.
   This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the
  
  fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.
   For any vessel, a favourable flow will improve the vessel's speed over the bottom for a given speed in the water. Difficult channels are also more safely navigated during slack water, as any flow may set a vessel out of a channel and into danger.
  
  Section::::Combined tidal stream and current.
   Heat cramps
  
  Heat cramps, a type of heat illness, are muscle spasms that result from loss of large amount of salt and water through exercise. Heat cramps are associated with cramping in the abdomen, arms and calves. This can be caused by inadequate consumption of fluids or electrolytes. Heavy sweating causes heat cramps, especially when the water is replaced without also replacing salt or potassium.
   Hard drinking water may have moderate health benefits, but can pose critical problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and other equipment that handles water. In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of foam formation when soap is agitated in water, and by the formation of limescale in kettles and water heaters. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water's adverse effects.
  
  Section::::Sources of hardness.
   BULLET::::- Aquajogging is a form of exercise that decreases strain on joints and bones. The water supplies minimal impact to muscles and bones, which is good for those recovering from injury. Furthermore, the resistance of the water as one jogs through it provides an enhanced effect of exercise (the deeper you are the greater the force needed to pull your leg through).
  
  BULLET::::- Swimming: Squatting exercise helps in enhancing a swimmer's start.
   Section::::Economy.:Global economy.:Aral Sea.
   BULLET::::- If the water is warm (44 °C or above) endolymph in the ipsilateral horizontal canal rises, causing an increased rate of firing in the vestibular afferent nerve. This situation mimics a head turn to the ipsilateral side. Both eyes will turn toward the contralateral ear, with horizontal nystagmus (quick horizontal eye movements) to the ipsilateral ear.
  