question: why does the urge to pee increase when you see a toilet?
comment: We've been trained, basically. Our minds just associate toilet with pee. Just like how seeing food makes us hungry
passages: The manga author Sadao Shoji has stated that he often experiences a defecation urge when looking at street maps or atlases, and that this occurs not only when in bookstores but also when at home. He has remarked that since the times that he usually looks at maps are before he has to go out somewhere, and since he has a habit of using the toilet before leaving the house, his mind became conditioned to react in that way.
   Among the discussions on the topic that took place in the television program "The Real Side of Un'nan" from 1998 to 1999, a theory was put forward that a conditioned defecation urge may be related to the trauma of a childhood experience, specifically, that the urge results from the flashback of a childhood memory of the embarrassment of soiling oneself in front of a public toilet. However, the psychologist who introduced this theory considered it to be a "lame explanation".
  
  Section::::Pathological condition and observations.:Conditioned response theories.:False belief.
   The essayist Mariko Ishibashi stated in a 1995 essay that the defecation urge is induced by the nervous tension generated when a "flood of information" pours into one's field of vision.
  
  Author Takashi Higaki has stated that one of his highly pleasing daily duties is to buy up a large number of books at the bookstore as part of his work, but that he "doesn't like hanging around in a bookstore for a long time because it triggers a defecation urge".
   And yet if political art is downplayed, esthetics is hardly a guiding principle. For every work as captivating and touching as Mr. Hill's video installation depicting ghostly figures, walking toward and away from the viewer, there are numerous visually numbing pieces like Joe Scanlan's section of a bathroom floor. (Counting the works of Mr. Scanlan and [Mike] Kelley, Wim Delvoye's tiles decorated with images of excrement, Mr. Kabakov's reconstruction of a Soviet public rest room, and Attila Richard Lukac's pissoir, the show's most dominant motif may very well be the toilet.)
   BULLET::::- Voyeurism: Seeing another urinate without the person's knowledge either through video taping by a hidden camera, or by lurking in locations where people are urinating or are likely to have an urge to urinate.
  
  Section::::Frequency.
   The Ainu people of far northern Japan and the Russian Far East believed that the "Rukar Kamuy", their version of a toilet god, would be the first to come to help in the event of danger.
   There are also known to be cases of not simply a defecation urge but also symptoms such as abdominal pain or diarrhea. There are also said to be cases where what presents is not an urge to defecate but an urge to urinate, or need to urinate frequently. Results from a survey of 30 people reported that, of 18 people who responded that they "have an experience of [being in a bookstore and] going to the bathroom and using the toilet", 7 people responded that they "experienced a defecation urge only" and another 7 that they "experienced a urination urge only", while 4 people responded that they experienced "both a defecation and a urination urge".
   The circumstances of the moment in which the defecation urge appears have been described as including "when reading the spine covers of books", "when looking through the bookshelves in bookstores", "when standing in bookstores while browse-reading", "when viewing the spine titles of the array of books laid out on bookshelves", "as soon as having entered a bookstore and being surrounded by bookshelves", "when selecting a book from the library", and "directly after doing a once-through of the new release books".
   Paruresis
  
  Paruresis ( ) is a type of phobia in which the sufferer is unable to urinate in the real or imaginary presence of others, such as in a public restroom. The analogous condition that affects bowel movement is called parcopresis or shy bowel.
  
  Section::::Physiology.
   BULLET::::- In the 2005 comedy "Waiting...", Calvin's paruresis is depicted as a major problem in his social life. The 2009 sequel, "Still Waiting...", shows how once the problem is overcome, Calvin's life changes completely.
  
  BULLET::::- In a 2006 comic strip "Dilbert", the namesake of the strip is required to give a urine sample at work and he says that he is unable due to "shy bladder". His pointy-haired boss asks if his paruresis is a side effect of the "nose candy".
   BULLET::::- In a 1995 episode of the first season of "Friends", Chandler pesters Joey, while the latter tries to urinate. Joey begs Chandler to cease the disturbance, claiming that he needs to concentrate in order to urinate. In another episode, Monica is stung on the foot by a jellyfish, and Joey is unable to urinate on it to soothe the pain, so Chandler comes to the rescue.
   During the year prior to the 2015 U.S. survey, 59% of respondents reported avoiding using a public restroom out of fear of violence or harassment. 32% limited the amount they ate or drink in order to avoid using a public restroom. 8% reported suffering a urinary tract infection, kidney infection, or other kidney problem as a result of avoiding public restrooms.
   Section::::Origin.
  
  The term receives its name from Mariko Aoki, an otherwise little-known Japanese woman who contributed an essay in 1985 to the magazine "" (which means "Book Magazine"). In that essay, she related how she came to the realization that for some years, walking around a bookstore inevitably made her want to go to the restroom. The editors of the magazine received reports of other readers who had similar experiences, and named it the "Mariko Aoki phenomenon".
  
  Section::::Hypotheses.
   Another well-known theory is that which states that a person entering a bookstore may feel psychological stress from worrying about what to do if they need to go to the toilet but there isn't one in the store, and that this has the unfortunate effect of focusing the person's conscious thoughts on bowel movements.[『アエラ』2003年11月17日号、p74] In psychiatry, this type of mental stress is called "anticipatory anxiety," and it is a characteristic symptom of panic disorder and other anxiety disorders. Japanese psychiatrist Takashi Sumioka states that when a patient complains of anxiety regarding the defecation urge, he sometimes diagnoses this as anxiety neurosis, which is a type of anxiety disorder.[『読売新聞』1997年10月9日付朝刊、p29] Yu Yuki, the pen name of prolific Japanese pop psychology author and psychiatrist Yuichiro Yasuda, considers it a possibility that the limited number of toilets in bookstores is responded to with obsessive elements.[『レック』3号、p21] Obsession is a subtype of anxiety disorder.
   Public toilets play a role in community health and individual well-being. Where toilets are available, people can enjoy outings and physical activities in their communities. By letting people get out of their cars and onto their feet, bicycles and mass transit, public toilets can contribute to improved environmental health. Mental well-being is enhanced when people are out with families and friends and know a place "to go" is available.
   Much of the 19th century conceptualization of toilet training was dominated by the school of psychoanalysis, with its emphasis on the unconscious mind, and warnings about potential psychological impacts in later life of toilet training gone badly. For example, in one instance, anthropologist Geoffrey Gorer attributed much of contemporary Japanese society in the 1940s to their method of toilet training, writing that "early and severe toilet training is the most important single influence in the formation of the adult Japanese character." Others at the time linked authoritarian toilet training to European fascism and the Holocaust.
   BULLET::::- Throughout the 2001 - 2010 comedy series "Scrubs", the central character, Dr. John "J.D." Dorian, suffers paruresis whenever he is in the presence of his mentor's ex-wife, Jordan Sullivan. In addition, one episode focuses on characters Perry Cox and Christopher Turk, and the former's inability to urinate when he is around the latter.
  
  BULLET::::- In Neil Strauss' 2005 book "" a pick-up artist under the alias "Extramask" confides in Strauss about his inability to urinate in public. Later, he overcomes the phobia by regaining confidence in his ability to urinate.
   There is also a theory on the Internet that seeks to pin the cause on a conspiracy by the paper manufacturing industry. According to this theory, the industry mixes large quantities of certain chemical substances into books and other paper products handled in day-to-day life, and these chemicals have the effect of stimulating the defecation urge, which increases the demand for toilet paper.
  
  Section::::Pathological condition and observations.:Conditioned response theories.
  
  Section::::Pathological condition and observations.:Conditioned response theories.:Defecation habits.
  
  Issue 41 of "Book Magazine" contains an interpretative model based on the notion of a conditioned response.
   Psychiatrist Takashi Sumioka (1997), meanwhile, has noted the possibility that hidden behind the symptom of "wanting to go to the bathroom" may be a condition such as irritable bowel syndrome or anxiety disorder.
  
  Section::::Clinical picture.:Contributing factors.
   One of the most frequently cited examples of a nudge is the etching of the image of a housefly into the men's room urinals at Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport, which is intended to "improve the aim".
   Section::::Modern cultures.
  
  In Japan, belief in the toilet god or "kawaya kami" served a dual purpose. Most bodily wastes were collected and used as fertilizers, ensuring a higher overall level of sanitation than in other countries where wastes were stored in cesspits or otherwise disposed of. Toilets were often dark and unpleasant places where the user was at some risk of falling in and drowning. The protection of the toilet god was therefore sought to avoid such an unsanitary fate.
   Paruresis is also known by many colloquial terms, including bashful bladder, bashful kidneys, stage fright, pee-shyness, and shy bladder syndrome.
  
  Section::::In popular culture.
  
  The condition has been occasionally portrayed in popular culture, sometimes for comedic effect or parody. Examples of this include:
  
  BULLET::::- In the 1978 Cheech & Chong film "Up in Smoke", Cheech's character, Pedro, tells a police officer in a public restroom that he has "stage fright". He is then able to urinate after the police officer turns on a water faucet.
   Burns' activity has been adopted by a social psychology course at the University of Notre Dame, where it is used to illustrate the principles of Berger and Luckmann's 1966 classic "The Social Construction of Reality". 
   "The Toilet" is an installation that was erected in 1992 for Documenta IX in Kassel, Germany. Visitors entered a small building to find a public restroom containing six toilet stalls. The room, however, was filled with furniture and appeared to have been used as a living space with a bed, crib, dresser, nightstand and a table that looks as if it were in the midst of being set for dinner. There was more clutter left about and some of the toilet stalls became storage closets. As in many of Kabakov's installations, the viewer was left with the impression that the inhabitant had just stepped out and might return at any moment. 
   In his book "Why Do We Need To Go Whenever We're In A Bookstore?" ("Naze hon'ya ni iru to moyo'osu no ka") (2012; Arimine Shoten), the Japanese gastroenterological surgeon Masayoshi Ido states that, though there is no medical evidence, from experience the work of "moving one's eyes to find the target of our search from among rows of neatly arranged items" can induce the defecation urge.[『なぜ本屋にいるともよおすのか』、p137]
  
  Section::::Pathological condition and observations.:Theory based on "denial of happiness".
  
  Section::::Pathological condition and observations.:Theory based on "denial of happiness".:Conception of Kasahara's idea.
  