question: Why are insurance companies not paying for NOTRE-DAME rebuild?
comment: Notre Dame did not have insurance, just as most priceless historical monuments don't. It's just impractical for an insurance company to cover something that would be so exorbitantly expensive to handle.
passages: Since 1905, France's cathedrals (including Notre-Dame) have been owned by the state, which is self-insured. Some costs might be recovered through insurance coverage if the fire is found to have been caused by contractors working on the site. The French insurer AXA provided insurance coverage for two of the contracting firms working on Notre-Dame's restoration before the blaze which devastated the cathedral. AXA also provided insurance coverage for some of the relics and artworks in the cathedral.
   This cost does not include damage to any of the artwork or artefacts within the cathedral; art insurers said any pieces on loan from other museums would have been insured, but the works owned by the cathedral would not have been insurable.
   France's cathedrals have been owned by the state since 1905, and are not privately insured. The heritage conservation organisation estimated the damage in the hundreds of millions of euros; but, according to President Robert Leblanc, losses from the fire are not expected to substantially impact the private insurance industry.
  
  European art insurers stated the cost would be similar to ongoing renovations of the Palace of Westminster in London, which currently is estimated around €7billion.
   These temporary measures will remain in place until more permanent solutions can be determined. Various studies are under way to determine with more assurance what can be done to preserve the structure. Columbia University is performing a study on a three-dimensional model constructed using laser scans of the building in an attempt to determine the weaknesses in the building and remedies.
  
  Section::::Interior.
   In December 2016, 170 years after the North Towers dismantlement and following several false starts, the Ministry of Culture again proposed its reconstruction after concluding it was technically feasible—albeit without public funding. An association, "Suivez la flèche" ("Follow the Spire"), chaired by Patrick Braouezec, has since been established to support the reconstruction, with the aim of raising the necessary funds by opening the reconstruction works to the general public, along the model of the Guédelon Castle. In March 2018 the culture ministry signed an accord with the association, officially launching the reconstruction project, with works expected to commence in May 2020. 
   A similar incident occurred in 2006 during restoration of Troitsky Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Russia. An accident during its restoration caused a fire in which the main dome and a smaller dome burned. Fortunately the main church was saved and the domes were rebuilt.
  
  Section::::The Third Church 1986–2018.
   On 15 April 2019, just before 18:20 CEST, a structure fire broke out beneath the roof of Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral in Paris. By the time it was extinguished, the building's spire and most of its roof had been destroyed and its upper walls severely damaged; extensive damage to the interior was prevented by its stone vaulted ceiling, which largely contained the burning roof as it collapsed. Many works of art and religious relics were moved to safety early in the emergency, but others suffered some smoke damage, and some exterior art was damaged or destroyed. The cathedral's two pipe organs, and its three 13th-century rose windows, suffered little to no damage. Three emergency workers were injured.
   , donations of over €1billion have been pledged for the cathedral's reconstruction, at least €880million of that in less than a day after Macron's appeal.
  
  Pledges €10M and over include:
  
  There have been many additional pledges for smaller, or undisclosed, amounts. 
   Adjacent apartment buildings were evacuated due to concern about possible collapse, but on 19 April the fire brigade ruled out that risk.
  
  One firefighter and two police officers were injured.
  
  Section::::Fire.:Damage.
  
  Most of the wood/metal roof and the spire of the cathedral was destroyed, with about one third of the roof remaining. The remnants of the roof and spire fell atop the stone vault underneath, which forms the ceiling of the cathedral's interior.
   On January 17, 2014, Notre Dame du Haut became the target of a break-in. A concrete collection box was thrown outside, and one of the stained-glass windows, also designed by Le Corbusier and the only one on the chapel to carry his signature, was broken.
  
  Section::::Site.
   While undergoing renovation and restoration, the roof of Notre-Dame caught fire on the evening of 15 April 2019. Burning for around 15 hours, the cathedral sustained serious damage, including the destruction of the flèche (the timber spire over the crossing) and most of the lead-covered wooden roof above the stone vaulted ceiling.
  
  Section::::History.
   Extensive attention had been given to the risk of fire at the cathedral. The Paris Fire Brigade drilled regularly to prepare for emergencies there, including on-site exercises in 2018; a firefighter was posted to the cathedral each day; and fire wardens checked conditions beneath the roof three times daily.
  
  Section::::Fire.
  
  Fire broke out in the attic beneath the cathedral's roof at 18:18. At 18:20 the fire alarm sounded and guards evacuated the cathedral;
   The security employee monitoring the alarm system was new on the job, and was on a second eight-hour shift that day because his relief had not arrived. Additionally, the fire security system used confusing terminology in its referencing parts of the cathedral, which contributed to the initial confusion as to the location of the fire.
  
  Section::::Reconstruction.
  
  On the night of the fire Macron said that the cathedral, which is owned by the state, would be rebuilt, and launched an international fundraising campaign. 
   While Macron hoped the cathedral could be restored in time for the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris, architects expect the work could take from twenty to forty years, as any new structure would need to balance restoring the look of the original building, using wood and stone sourced from the same regions used in the original construction, with the structural reinforcement required for preventing a similar disaster in the future.
  
  There is discussion of whether to reconstruct the cathedral in modified form.
  
  Rebuilding the roof with titanium sheets and steel trusses has been suggested;
   other options include rebuilding in the original lead and wood,
  
  rebuilding with modern materials not visible from the outside (like the reinforced concrete trusses at Reims Cathedral),
  
  or a combination of restored old elements and newly designed ones.
   After several years of wrangling, a truce was overseen by the Ministry of Culture and Paris City Hall, and the renovation was given the go-ahead under the supervision of Bâtiments de France, which safeguards historic monuments. Work began in 2010.
   The initial plan intended to re-integrate the old tower. An amendment definitely scrapped all the past. This project of a new tower probably belonged to that part of the "many other things" that were mentioned in the complaint.
   Section::::Controversy over the cleaning and restoration.
   The 2019 fire left the three great medieval rose windows essentially intact, but with some damage. The rector of the Cathedral noted that one rose window would have to be dismantled, as it was unstable and at risk. Most of the other damaged windows were of much less historical value.
  
  Section::::Crypt.
   On 17 April 2019 the French Prime Minister Édouard Philippe anounched the launch of an international architecture competition to design a new spire. It is in part a competition to define the nature of the reconstruction effort and answer the question: Should the new spire be identical to the old, or a new design entirely? 
   Some sections of this vaulting collapsed in turn, allowing debris from the burning roof to fall to the marble floor below, but most sections remained intact due to the use of rib vaulting, greatly reducing damage to the cathedral's interior and objects within.
   BULLET::::- 2019 – The cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris in France is seriously damaged by a large fire.
  
  Section::::Births.
  
  BULLET::::- 68 BC – Gaius Maecenas, Roman politician (d. 8 BC)
  
  BULLET::::- 1282 – Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1329)
  
  BULLET::::- 1367 – Henry IV of England (d. 1413)
  
  BULLET::::- 1442 – John Paston, English noble (d. 1479)
  
  BULLET::::- 1452 – Leonardo da Vinci, Italian painter, sculptor, and architect (d. 1519)
  
  BULLET::::- 1469 – Guru Nanak, the first Sikh guru (d. 1539)
  
  BULLET::::- 1552 – Pietro Cataldi, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1626)
   In 1836, due to the negligence of workmen, a fire began which destroyed the lead-covered wooden roof and the two belfries, but the building structure and the stained glass were untouched. The old roof was replaced by a copper-covered roof on an iron frame. At the time, the framework over the crossing had the largest span of any iron-framed construction in Europe.
  
  Section::::History.:World War II.
   Our works in stone, in paint, in print are spared, some of them for a few decades, or a millennium or two, but everything must finally fall in war or wear away into the ultimate and universal ash. The triumphs and the frauds, the treasures and the fakes. A fact of life. We’re going to die. "Be of good heart," cry the dead artists out of the living past. Our songs will all be silenced – but what of it? Go on singing. Maybe a man’s name doesn’t matter all that much.
   Some contents were moved by a human chain of emergency workers and civil servants.
  
  Many valuables that were not removed also survived, but the state of many others remained unknown as of 16 April.
  
  Lead joints in some of the 19th-century stained-glass windows melted, but the three major rose windows, dating to the 13th century, were undamaged. One weakened window may need to be dismantled for safekeeping.
  
  Several pews were destroyed and the vaulted arches were blackened by smoke, though the church's main cross and altar survived, along with the statues surrounding it.
  
presuppositions: Notre Dame had insurance to cover repairs. The Notre Dame was insured.
corrections: Most priceless historical monuments like Notre Dame are not insured. The Notre Dame was not insured.
raw_presuppositions: Notre Dame had insurance to cover repairs. The Notre Dame was insured.
raw_corrections: Most priceless historical monuments like Notre Dame are not insured. The Notre Dame was not insured.