question: How does music/sounds record on and play from vinyl records?
comment: Grooves going up and down that cause vibrations. Vibration=sound The turntable then has a pre-amp to boost that signal/voltage to a higher level where a computer or an amp can read it, called the "line level". An amp then boosts it even further for the speakers.
passages: In some ways similar to the laser turntable is the IRENE scanning machine for disc records, which images with microphotography, invented by a team of physicists at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories.
  
  An offshoot of IRENE, the Confocal Microscope Cylinder Project, can capture a high-resolution three-dimensional image of the surface, down to 200 µm. In order to convert to a digital sound file, this is then played by a version of the same 'virtual stylus' program developed by the research team in real-time, converted to digital and, if desired, processed through sound-restoration programs.
  
  Section::::Formats.
  
  Section::::Formats.:Types of records.
   BULLET::::- Lipman, Samuel,"The House of Music: Art in an Era of Institutions", 1984. See the chapter on "Getting on Record", pp. 62–75, about the early record industry and Fred Gaisberg and Walter Legge and FFRR (Full Frequency Range Recording).
  
  BULLET::::- Millard, Andre J., "America on record : a history of recorded sound", Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1995.
  
  BULLET::::- Millard, Andre J., " From Edison to the iPod", UAB Reporter, 2005, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
   Scott's early recordings languished in French archives until 2008, when scholars keen to resurrect the sounds captured in these and other types of early experimental recordings tracked them down. Rather than using rough 19th century technology to create playable versions, they were scanned into a computer and software was used to convert their sound-modulated traces into digital audio files. Brief excerpts from two French songs and a recitation in Italian, all recorded in 1860, are the most substantial results.
  
  Section::::Acoustical recording.:Phonograph/Gramophone.
   Electric sound recording and reproduction are electrical or mechanical techniques and devices for the inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects. Acoustic analog recording is achieved by a small microphone diaphragm that can record sound waves on a phonograph (in which a stylus senses grooves on a record) or magnetic tape. The first practical sound recording and reproduction device was the mechanical phonograph cylinder, invented by Thomas Edison in 1877 and patented in 1878. 
   For a sound to be recorded by the Phonograph, it has to go through three distinct steps. First, the sound enters a cone-shaped component of the device, called the microphone diaphragm. That sound causes the microphone diaphragm, which is connected to a small metal needle, to vibrate. The needle then vibrates in the same way, causing its sharp tip to etch a distinctive groove into a cylinder, which was made out of tinfoil.
  
  Section::::The phonograph.:Playback.
   The most recent and revolutionary developments have been in digital recording, with the development of various uncompressed and compressed digital audio file formats, processors capable and fast enough to convert the digital data to sound in real time, and inexpensive mass storage
   In the late 19th century, Thomas Edison and Emile Berliner developed the first recording machines. The recording and reproduction process itself was completely mechanical with little or no electrical parts. Edison's phonograph cylinder system utilized a small horn terminated in a stretched, flexible diaphragm attached to a stylus which cut a groove of varying depth into the malleable tin foil of the cylinder. Emile Berliner's gramophone system recorded music by inscribing spiraling lateral cuts onto a vinyl disc.
   Electric sound recording and reproduction are electrical or mechanical techniques and devices for the inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects. Acoustic analog recording is achieved by a small microphone diaphragm that can detect changes in atmospheric pressure (acoustic sound waves) and record them as a graphic representation of the sound waves on a medium such as a phonograph (in which a stylus senses grooves on a record). In magnetic tape recording, the sound waves vibrate the microphone diaphragm and are converted into a varying electric current, which is then converted to a varying magnetic field by an electromagnet, which makes a representation of the sound as magnetized areas on a plastic tape with a magnetic coating on it. Analog sound reproduction is the reverse process, with a bigger loudspeaker diaphragm causing changes to atmospheric pressure to form acoustic sound waves. Electrically generated signals may also be recorded directly from devices such as an electric guitar pickup, without the use of acoustic sounds or amplifiers in the recording process (other than the need for musicians to hear herself playing during recording session).
   Pressing the tab key on the computer keyboard reveals the Record racks back side, where you can access additional parameters for the rackmounted devices, including signal cables for audio and CV. This allows users to virtually route cables connecting the devices in the rack like in a traditional hardware based studio. For example, a device's output can be split into two signal chains for different processing, and the connected to different mixer channels. Users can choose where to draw the line between simplicity and precision, allowing Record to remain useful at various levels of knowledge and ambition on the user's part.
   Section::::Turntable technology.:Turntable drive systems.
   BULLET::::- 1945 : The Hammond Organ Company commissioned John Hanert to design the Hanert Synthesizer
  
  BULLET::::- 1946 : Jennings Musical Instruments releases the Univox
  
  BULLET::::- 1946 : Raymond Scott patented the Orchestra Machine
  
  BULLET::::- 1947 : Constant Martin constructed the Clavioline
  
  BULLET::::- 1948 : Bell Laboratories reveal the first transistor
  
  BULLET::::- 1948 : The microgroove 33-1/3 rpm vinyl record (LP) is introduced by Columbia Records
  
  BULLET::::- 1951 : Pultec introduces the first passive program equalizer, the EQP-1
  
  BULLET::::- 1952 : Harry F. Olson and Herbert Belar invent the RCA Synthesizer
   In 2010 the acquisition of Classic Records, of Los Angeles, California, by Acoustic Sounds, was announced by Kassem and Classic Records Mike Hobson. Acoustic Sounds acquisition of Classic Records included the “Quiex SV-P” vinyl formulation/process, “Clarity Vinyl”, the unique 200-gram “flat profile” tooling and all other aspects of Classic's proprietary vinyl pressing technology.
  
  Section::::Cat Stevens' classic is first title released.
   Section::::Timeline.
  
  BULLET::::- 1917 : Leon Theremin invented the prototype of the Theremin
  
  BULLET::::- 1944 : Halim El-Dabh produces earliest electroacoustic tape music
  
  BULLET::::- 1952 : Harry F. Olson and Herbert Belar invent the RCA Synthesizer
  
  BULLET::::- 1952 : Osmand Kendal develops the Composer-Tron for the Marconi Wireless Company
  
  BULLET::::- 1956 : Raymond Scott develops the Clavivox
  
  BULLET::::- 1958 : Evgeny Murzin along with several colleagues create the ANS synthesizer
  
  BULLET::::- 1959 : Wurlitzer manufactures The Sideman, the first commercial electro-mechanical drum machine
  
  BULLET::::- 1963 : Keio Electronics (later Korg) produces the DA-20
   BULLET::::- David Vadim as Hilly Kristal, owner of New York City club, CBGB
  
  BULLET::::- Ben Mayne as Billy Name, Warhol collaborator and photographer
  
  Section::::Music.
   Section::::New York.
   BULLET::::- In 1999, English Noise Artist Paul Nomex released a Parallel Groove 12", "Are you more than just a product of your influence" that plays from the inside out on both sides at both 16 & 78 speeds.
  
  BULLET::::- In 2014, American alternative rock group Camper Van Beethoven released a two-disc reissue of their Key Lime Pie album, featuring one side that plays the song "Closing Theme" from the inside out at 45 RPM.
   Greg Beets of Austin Chronicle praised the book writing that, "Enjoy the Experience chronicles the golden age of private pressings with contagious aplomb." Andrew Frisicano of Time Out Magazine praised the book concept and how it traces the stories behind the creation of those records and their creators along with the study of the recordings themselves.
   Section::::The revival of vinyl.
   The next great advancement in analog sound recording came in the form of the telegraphone, which was created by Danish inventor Valdemar Poulsen between 1898 and 1900. This machine was vastly different from the gramophone or the phonograph, in that instead of recording sound mechanically, it recorded using a process called electromagnetism.
  
  Poulsen was able to transmit an electrical signal, much like the one that would broadcast over the radio or a telephone, and then capture it on a magnetizable element, in this case a length of steel wire, which was wrapped around a bass drum.
  
  Section::::Telegraphone.:Problems.
   BULLET::::- 1921 : First commercial AM radio Broadcast made by KDKA, Pittsburgh, PA
  
  BULLET::::- 1926 : Jorge Mager presented his electronic instruments, in the Spharaphon line
  
  BULLET::::- 1927 : Pierre Toulon and Krugg Bass invent the Cellulophone
  
  BULLET::::- 1928 : René Bertrand invents the Dynaphone
  
  BULLET::::- 1928 : Fritz Pfleumer patents a system for recording on paper coated with a magnetizable, powdered steel layer, precuser to tape
  
  BULLET::::- 1929 : Laurens Hammond created the first Hammond Organ
  
  BULLET::::- 1929 : Nikolay Obukhov commissioned Michel Billaudot and Pierre Duvalie to design the Sonorous Cross
   Within a few years of the introduction of the first commercial tape recorder—the Ampex 200 model, launched in 1948—American musician-inventor Les Paul had invented the first multitrack tape recorder, ushering in another technical revolution in the recording industry. Tape made possible the first sound recordings totally created by electronic means, opening the way for the bold sonic experiments of the Musique Concrète school and avant garde composers like Karlheinz Stockhausen, which in turn led to the innovative pop music recordings of artists such as Frank Zappa, The Beatles, and The Beach Boys.
   A gramophone record, commonly known as a record, or a vinyl record, is an analog sound storage medium consisting of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove. The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. Ever since Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877, it produced distorted sound because of gravity's pressure on the playing stylus. In response, Emile Berliner invented a new medium for recording and listening to sound in 1887 in the form of a horizontal disc, originally known as the "platter".
  
  1887 Slot machine
   The fourth and current "phase", the "digital" era, has seen the most rapid, dramatic and far-reaching series of changes in the history of audio recording. In a period of less than 20 years, all previous recording technologies were rapidly superseded by digital sound encoding, and the Japanese electronics corporation Sony in the 1970s was instrumental with the first consumer (well-heeled) PCM encoder PCM-1 Audio Unit, introduced in 1977. Unlike all previous technologies, which captured a continuous analogue of the sounds being recorded, digital recording captured sound by means of a very dense and rapid series of discrete samples of the sound. When played back through a digital-to-analogue converter, these audio samples are recombined to form a continuous flow of sound. The first all-digitally-recorded popular music album, Ry Cooder's "Bop 'Til You Drop", was released in 1979, and from that point, digital sound recording and reproduction quickly became the new standard at every level, from the professional recording studio to the home hi-fi.
   Section::::Synopsis.
   Track released a three-song EP by Jimi Hendrix titled "Voodoo Chile" which was Hendrix's only No. 1 UK hit in 1971. After the posthumous Jimi Hendrix album "The Cry of Love" Polydor took over Hendrix's catalogue, except for the United States and Canada, where it remained with Reprise Records.
  