question: Why do so many people get heart attacks while mowing lawns?
comment: A big lawn on a hot, humid midwestern summer day is the most cardiovascular-intensive activity a lot of sedentary people will do in a week. Six months later, those same people have heart attacks shoveling snow.
passages: Air pollution is also an important modifiable risk. Short-term exposure to air pollution such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide (but not ozone) have been associated with MI and other acute cardiovascular events. For sudden cardiac deaths, every increment of 30 units in Pollutant Standards Index correlated with an 8% increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on the day of exposure. Extremes of temperature are also associated.
   Complications may occur immediately following the myocardial infarction or may take time to develop. Disturbances of heart rhythms, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation and heart block can arise as a result of ischemia, cardiac scarring, and infarct location. Stroke is also a risk, either as a result of clots transmitted from the heart during PCI, as a result of bleeding following anticoagulation, or as a result of disturbances in the heart's ability to pump effectively as a result of the infarction. Regurgitation of blood through the mitral valve is possible, particularly if the infarction causes dysfunction of the papillary muscle. Cardiogenic shock as a result of the heart being unable to adequately pump blood may develop, dependent on infarct size, and is most likely to occur within the days following an acute myocardial infarction. Cardiogenic shock is the largest cause of in-hospital mortality. Rupture of the ventricular dividing wall or left ventricular wall may occur within the initial weeks. Dressler's syndrome, a reaction following larger infarcts and a cause of pericarditis is also possible.
   In a 2004 UK Kennel Club survey, the most common causes of death were cancer (45%), cardiac disease (11%), and "unknown" (8.5%). In a 2000 USA/Canada Leonberger Club of America survey, the most common causes of death were cancer (37%), old age (12%), cardiac disease (9%), and "sudden death" (8%).
   Most of the SDS symptoms can be confused with other factors like nutrient deficiencies and some other diseases like brown stem rot and stem canker. Usually the first symptom seen is interveinal chlorosis, which is the yellowing of the plant material between the leaf veins. When leaves begin to die, puckering and mottling can also be observed along with the chlorosis. As severity increases, necrosis (death of cells) occurs and eventually these leaves will fall off, leaving only petioles left on the stem. If the conditions are right (cool and wet), these symptoms can appear suddenly, causing large yield reductions. Normally, this is seen in mid or late July around the time of flowering and pod production.
   During fire suppression actives a firefighter can reach peak or near peak heart rates which can act as a trigger for a cardiac event. For example, tachycardia can cause a plaque build up to break loose and lodge itself is a small part of the heart causing myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack. This along with unhealthy habits and lack of exercise can be very hazardous to firefighter health.
  
  Section::::Occupational health and safety.:Long-term risks.:Cancer.
   Section::::Causes.:Other.
  
  The risk of having a myocardial infarction increases with older age, low physical activity, and low socioeconomic status. Heart attacks appear to occur more commonly in the morning hours, especially between 6AM and noon. Evidence suggests that heart attacks are at least three times more likely to occur in the morning than in the late evening. Shift work is also associated with a higher risk of MI. And one analysis has found an increase in heart attacks immediately following the start of daylight saving time.
   BULLET::::- Half of these deaths come from heart failure which often develops from electrical heart rhythm problems such as atrial fibrillation.
  
  BULLET::::- The other half of these deaths occur suddenly due to an extreme and instantly fatal cardiac turbulence called ventricular fibrillation, which can be compared to an electric "tornado". (The term "cardiac arrest" is often confused with "sudden death" from ventricular fibrillation.) This sudden death rate is equal to the combined deaths from breast, lung, and colon cancer and AIDS.
   Myocardial infarction is a common presentation of coronary artery disease. The World Health Organization estimated in 2004, that 12.2% of worldwide deaths were from ischemic heart disease; with it being the leading cause of death in high- or middle-income countries and second only to lower respiratory infections in lower-income countries. Worldwide, more than 3 million people have STEMIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs a year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women.
   Workplace exposure to silica dust or asbestos is also associated with pulmonary heart disease.There is evidence that workplace exposure to lead, carbon disulphide, phenoxyacids containing TCDD, as well as working in an environment where aluminium is being electrolytically produced, is associated with stroke.
  
  Section::::Risk factors.:Somatic mutations.
  
  As of 2017, evidence suggests that certain leukemia-associated mutations in blood cells may also lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Several large-scale research projects looking at human genetic data have found a robust link between the presence of these mutations, a condition known as clonal hematopoiesis, and cardiovascular disease-related incidents and mortality.
  
  Section::::Pathophysiology.
   BULLET::::- Heart diseases
  
  BULLET::::- Degenerative (myxomatous) mitral valve disease* is a common cause of congestive heart failure in dogs, especially small, older dogs. The leaflets of the valve become thickened and nodular, leading to mitral valve regurgitation and volume overload of the left side of the heart. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and Dachshunds have an inherited form of this disease.
   The relevance of this is that theories of the underlying pathophysiology and electrophysiology must account for the occurrence of fibrillation in the apparent "healthy" heart. It is evident that there are mechanisms at work that we do not fully appreciate and understand. Investigators are exploring new techniques of detecting and understanding the underlying mechanisms of sudden cardiac death in these patients without pathological evidence of underlying heart disease.
   As I emerged from the porch of Santa Croce, I was seized with a fierce palpitation of the heart (that same symptom which, in Berlin, is referred to as an attack of the nerves); the well-spring of life was dried up within me, and I walked in constant fear of falling to the ground.
  
  The condition was diagnosed and named in 1979 by Italian psychiatrist Dr. Graziella Magherini, who had noticed similar psychosomatic conditions (racing heart beat, nausea and dizziness) amongst first-time visitors to the city.
   Section::::Genetics.:Heritable connective tissue diseases.
   Worldwide, about 15.9 million myocardial infarctions occurred in 2015. More than 3 million people had an ST elevation MI, and more than 4 million had an NSTEMI. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world, the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010. In 2011, a MI was one of the top five most expensive conditions during inpatient hospitalizations in the US, with a cost of about $11.5 billion for 612,000 hospital stays.
   At common law, in general, a myocardial infarction is a disease, but may sometimes be an injury. This can create coverage issues in the administration of no-fault insurance schemes such as workers' compensation. In general, a heart attack is not covered; however, it may be a work-related injury if it results, for example, from unusual emotional stress or unusual exertion. In addition, in some jurisdictions, heart attacks suffered by persons in particular occupations such as police officers may be classified as line-of-duty injuries by statute or policy. In some countries or states, a person having suffered from an MI may be prevented from participating in activity that puts other people's lives at risk, for example driving a car or flying an airplane.
   Ken McLaughlin returns home to his parents from a horse-buying trip with Crown Jewel, a trotter. Rob is skeptical about the purchase, more so when Crown Jewel develops altitude sickness in the Wyoming hills.
  
  Ken goes on a date with Greenway's granddaughter Carey. A veterinarian advises Crown Jewel be put down due to its congested lungs, but Beaver Greenway, a former sulky driver, recommends a treatment that works.
   Along with the above ground foliar and stem symptoms, the roots usually show some kind of rotting and decrease in vigor compared to other healthy soybean roots. If soil conditions are moist, roots are also likely to show blue masses of spores (macroconidia) around the taproot just below the soil surface. Blue fungal masses, found along with the foliar and stem symptoms, are strong diagnostic indicators for SDS.
  
  Section::::Disease Cycle.
   One case study, conducted by Environmental Health Perspectives, sought to prove that malodor and pollutant concentrations from swine operations are associated with stress, altered mood, and increased blood pressure. For two weeks, adult volunteers living near swine operations in North Carolina sat outside for ten minutes twice a day. They reported levels of hog odor, and recorded their blood pressure. The study found that like noise and other similar environmental stressors, the malodors from the swine operations were likely associated with an increase in blood pressure, which could contribute to an increase in chronic hypertension.
  
  Section::::Disease spread.
   Since most cases of AF are secondary to other medical problems, the presence of chest pain or angina, signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid gland) such as weight loss and diarrhea, and symptoms suggestive of lung disease can indicate an underlying cause. A history of stroke or TIA, as well as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart failure, or rheumatic fever may indicate whether someone with AF is at a higher risk of complications. The risk of a blood clot forming in the left atrial chamber of the heart, breaking off, and then traveling in the bloodstream can be assessed using the CHADS2 score or CHA2DS2-VASc score.
   POTS can sometimes be a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with cancer. Autoantibodies have been found in some cases which occur after a viral infection raising the possibility of some cases being autoimmune in nature.
  
  Section::::Diagnosis.
  
  Section::::Diagnosis.:Diagnostic criteria.
  
  A POTS diagnosis requires the following characteristics:
  
  BULLET::::- For patients age 20 or older, increase in heart rate ≥30 bpm within 10 minutes of upright posture (tilt test or standing) from a supine position
  
  BULLET::::- For patients age 12-19, heart rate increase must be 40 bpm
  
  BULLET::::- Associated with related symptoms that are worse with upright posture and that improve with recumbence
   Sudden cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death in the industrialised world. It exacts a significant mortality with approximately 70,000 to 90,000 sudden cardiac deaths each year in the United Kingdom, and survival rates are only 2%. The majority of these deaths are due to ventricular fibrillation secondary to myocardial infarction, or "heart attack". During ventricular fibrillation, cardiac output drops to zero, and, unless remedied promptly, death usually ensues within minutes.
  
  Section::::History.
   Depictions of heart attacks in popular media often include collapsing or loss of consciousness which are not common symptoms; these depictions contribute to widespread misunderstanding about the symptoms of myocardial infarctions, which in turn contributes to people not getting care when they should.
  
  Section::::Society and culture.:Legal implications.
   A 2006 study of non-elite Boston Marathon participants tested runners for certain proteins that indicate heart damage or dysfunction (see Troponin) and gave them echocardiogram scans, before and after the marathon. The study revealed that, in that sample of 60 people, runners who had averaged less than of weekly training in the 4 months before the race were most likely to show some heart damage or dysfunction, while runners who had done more than of weekly training showed few or no heart problems.
   Section::::Research.:Deep watershed infarcts.
  
  Hemodynamic impairment is thought to be the cause of deep watershed infarcts, characterized by a rosary-like pattern. However new studies have shown that microembolism might also contribute to the development of deep watershed infarcts. The dual contribution of hemodynamic impairment and microembolism would result in different treatment for patients with these specific infarcts.
  
  Section::::Research.:Basilar artery (BA) stenting.
  
  While intracranial artery stenting is used for same side stroke prevention, basilar artery stenting may help to improve parallel, accessory blood flow. The stent may also lead to termination of recurrent middle cerebral artery (MCA) strokes.
  
  Section::::Research.:Penumbra imaging.
   BULLET::::- Myocardial infarction (heart attack) – blockage in the arteries that completely blocks the blood flow to the heart (Newton & Joyce, 2012, p. 76)
  
  BULLET::::- Peripheral vascular disease – the flow of blood supply is slow or absent in veins and arteries in the limbs (Newton & Joyce,2012, p. 72)
  
  Section::::Symptoms.
  
  According to Chenzbraun (2010), symptoms of the heart disease varies, and should not be ignored. The symptoms of heart disease are not alway intense and varies according to factors such as age and gender. The most common symptoms of heart disease is:
  