question: how does a personal physician purchase drugs like propofol?
comment: An example of a site is BoundTree where, once you send in the appropriate paperwork and have been verified, you can buy most everything medical. A great example is ambulance services. A doc sends in their paperwork and the ambulance's authorized user can purchase meds like epinephrine or morphine, or other medical supplies that need a script. Ultrasound machines or cardiac monitors come to mind.
passages: The pharmacy, located in front of the hospital, sells medication with and without prescription at very affordable prices; ranging from CUP$0.50 to CUP$20.
  
  Section::::Economy.
   Like in the UK, the patient visits a health practitioner, (doctor, nurse, dentist, pediatrist, etc.,), who may prescribe the drug.
   A typical remote-dispensing system is monitored remotely by a central pharmacy and includes secure, automated medication dispensing hardware that is capable of producing patient-specific packages of medications on demand. The secure medication dispensing unit is placed on-site at the care facility or non-healthcare locations (such as Universities, workplaces and retail locations) and filled with pharmacist-checked medication canisters. 
   In the UK, online pharmacies often link up with online clinic doctors. Doctors carry out online consultations and issue prescriptions. The company employing the doctors must be registered with the Care Quality Commission. Online clinics only prescribe a limited number of medicines and do not replace regular doctors working from surgeries. There are various ways the doctors carry out the online consultations; sometimes it is done almost entirely by questionnaire. Customers usually pay one fee which includes the price of the consultation, prescription and the price of the medicine.
   Within the United States, pre-approval demand is generally met through treatment IND (investigational new drug) applications (INDs), or single-patient INDs. These mechanisms, which fall under the label of expanded access programs, provide access to drugs for groups of patients or individuals residing in the US. Outside the US, Named Patient Programs provide controlled, pre-approval access to drugs in response to requests by physicians on behalf of specific, or "named", patients before those medicines are licensed in the patient's home country. Through these programs, patients are able to access drugs in late-stage clinical trials or approved in other countries for a genuine, unmet medical need, before those drugs have been licensed in the patient's home country.
   Once a patient or caregiver selects an appropriate HME / DMEPOS supplier, he/she presents the supplier with the prescription and patient's insurance information. HME / DMEPOS suppliers maintain an inventory of products and equipment, so fulfillment of the prescription is rapid, much like a Pharmacy.
  
  The HME / DMEPOS supplier is obligated to perform certain functions when providing home medical equipment. These include:
  
  BULLET::::- Proper delivery and setup of the equipment
  
  BULLET::::- Ensuring the home environment is suitable and safe for proper usage of the equipment
   Laws in many jurisdictions have been changed in recent years to allow wider distribution of naloxone. Several states have also moved to permit pharmacies to dispense the medication without the person first seeing a physician or other non-pharmacist professional. Over 200 naloxone distribution programs utilize licensed prescribers to distribute the drug, often through the use of standing medication orders whereby the medication is distributed under the medical authority of a physician or other prescriber (such as a pharmacist under California's AB1535).
   With 24-hour access to licensed and credentialed physicians, patients can use the service even when their primary care physician is not available. The cost of a visit is typically $49, but a patient's insurance may cover part or all the fee. During the visit, the doctor can diagnose, treat, and depending on the state the patient is in, even prescribe medication. After the visit, the patient receives a secure message with the physician's notes and instructions for follow up care. If the doctor prescribed medication, the prescription would be sent electronically to a pharmacy of the patient's choice.
   The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the drug for use in the United States on 13 August 2010, following the FDA advisory committee's recommendation. Watson Pharmaceuticals announced the availability of ulipristal acetate in the United States on 1 December 2010, in retail pharmacies, clinics, and one on-line pharmacy, KwikMed.
  
  Section::::Society and culture.
  
  Section::::Society and culture.:Brand names.
   MD²'s approach became widely known very quickly, and many physicians sought to emulate the model in a less costly fashion. MDVIP emerged as a competitor to MD² with a similar model, but they opted to bill insurance in addition to charging client fees and have patient loads of up to 600. This enabled them to charge substantially lower rates. By 2010, one quarter of all doctors operating with a concierge medicine model were affiliated with MDVIP. In 2017, a new company named Forward, started by former Google and Uber employees with strong venture capital support, began offering concierge medicine services for per month.
   A doctor may self-prescribe, or prescribe for their family; this is done by replacing the "signatura" by the Latin phrase "pro manus medici" (for medical hands) or "ad usum proprium" (for own use). This is to be done with caution; certain drugs self-prescribed will arouse suspicion, and may result in investigation by the medical board or another governmental body.
  
  Brand-name drugs may be swapped for generics; if this is not wanted by the doctor, they may write "dispense as written" in the local language on the prescription.
  
  Section::::Non-prescription drug prescriptions.
   A month supply in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about 33.26 £ as of 2019. In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about 433 USD. In Denmark 100 tablets (each 1,000 mg) cost over the counter in a pharmacy DKK 62.60 = US$ 9.40 = £7.50, thus a month supply in Denmark costs DKK 37.50 = US$ 5.70 = £ 4.50. The pharmacy buys wholesale at DKK 33.83 = US$ 5.11 = £4.10.
   A drug that is UA can be sold OTC but only by pharmacists. The drug can be on the shelves like any other product. Examples are domperidone, 400 mg ibuprofen up to 50 tablets and dextromethorphan. A drug that is UAD can also be sold at drugstores, stores where no prescription can be filed and there is only a relatively small selection of popular drugs like painkillers and cough medicine. The drugs are usually on the shelves, and the store also sells items like toys, gadgets, perfumes and homeopathic products. The drugs in this category have limited risk and addiction potential. Examples are naproxen and diclofenac in small amounts, cinnarizine, 400 mg ibuprofen up to 20 tablets and also 500 mg paracetamol up to 50 tablets. Drugs in the AV category can be sold at supermarkets, gas stations etc. and include only drugs with minimal risk to the public, like paracetamol up to 20 tablets, 200 mg ibuprofen up to 10 tablets, cetirizine and loperamide.
   Companies like Magellan RX Management provide a "single source for high-touch patient care management to control side effects, patient support and education to ensure compliance or continued treatment, and specialized handling and distribution of medications directly to the patient or care provider. Specialty medications may be covered under either the medical or pharmacy benefit."
   In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in the USA. Then it is the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), for England and Wales, who decides if and how the National Health Service (NHS) will allow (in the sense of paying for) their use. The British National Formulary is the core guide for pharmacists and clinicians.
   All online pharmacies sell through the internet but must ship the product usually via the mail. The selling of many class (schedule) drugs without a valid prescription (also called Rx-only drugs or legend drugs) is illegal and companies shipping them by mail can be prosecuted for mail fraud (Postal Inspection Service) as well as investigations and Federal charges by the DEA, IRS, Homeland Security, Food and Drug Administration’s Office of Criminal Investigations, Department of Justice, INTERPOL, and the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and it is common practice for many agencies to jointly investigate alleged crimes.
  
  Section::::Bulgarian consumers.
   Some pharmaceutical companies offer assistance programs for the drugs they manufacture. These programs allow those who are unable to pay for their medications to receive prescription drugs for free or at a greatly reduced cost. Many free clinics work to qualify patients on behalf of these programs. In some cases the clinic receive and then distribute the medications themselves, in others they verify that the patient is eligible for the program, and the medication is then shipped to the patient, or patient receives the medication from a local pharmacy.
   To cushion the high copay costs of brand name drugs, some pharmaceutical companies offer drug coupons or temporary subsidized copayment reduction programs lasting from two months to twelve months. Thereafter, if a patient is still taking the brand name medication, the pharmaceutical companies might remove the option and require full payments. If no similar drug is available, the patient is "locked in" to either using the drug with the high copays, or a patient takes no drugs and lives with the consequences of non-treatment.
  
  Section::::Prescription drugs.:Observed effects.
   During an interview in 2011 with Omni News, the company founder stated that the majority of its patients were from the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and India. He also stated that the website had been used in over 100 different countries up to that point in the company's history.
   Section::::Risks.
   Pharmacosmos' corporate headquarters, manufacturing facilities and research laboratories are located in Holbaek, Denmark (Scandinavia). The company has its own marketing, sales and services operations in Denmark and United Kingdom. In other geographies, the company partners with other pharmaceutical companies responsible for local marketing, sales and distribution of its pharmaceuticals brands. The company does not disclose its revenues.
  
  Section::::Company profile.:Manufacturing facilities.
  
  Pharmacosmos' manufacturing facility is approved according to current Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  
  Section::::Company profile.:Research and development.
   MedExpress
  
  MedExpress is an online doctor & pharmacy founded in December 2013. MedExpress offers prescription-only medications (POMs) through an online consultation which is reviewed by a licensed doctor. MedExpress operates a same day delivery service in London with deliveries as fast as 90 minutes making it one of the fast online doctor services in the country.
  
  The act of remote prescribing is regulated by the Care Quality Commission, which ensures that all medical practitioners meet fundamental standards of quality and safety.
  
  Section::::Drone delivery.
  
  In August 2017, MedExpress revealed that it was in talks with the regulators to trial drone delivery
   Section::::Implementation.:Other countries.
  
  After their success in Canada, remote medication dispensing machines were scheduled to be tested at several hospital locations in the United Kingdom beginning in 2010. In 2013, Maxor National Pharmacy Services, a U.S. company, reported that its remote dispensing machines for medication were being used in Bahrain, Belgium, Cuba, England, Germany, Guam, Italy, Japan, Spain and Venezuela.
  
  In 2010, Mannings drugstores became the first in Hong Kong to use videoconferencing to allow patients at outlets without full-time pharmacists to consult with pharmacists at other sites.
   Section::::Billing process.
   Richmond Pharmacology
  
  Richmond Pharmacology Ltd is a UK-based contract research organization.
  
  Section::::Operations.
  