question: So I’m pretty sure everyone has slipped in the tub or almost slipped. Why are standard shower surfaces and tubs not made out of non slippery materials?
comment: My understanding is that the surface itself is pretty non-slip and it’s the soaps and shampoos and conditioners that we use that can make them slippery. I use a body wash that turned it into a slip-n-slide. PainfulAF! I see the tubs that have a textured surface on the bottom and they are usually filthy cause the dirt gets in the crevices and hard to clean. Not sure I was any help of why this one thing moved me to comment when I rarely do 😂😂
passages: Other common devices for containing water spray include a highly flexible, waterproof bathtub or shower curtain, or more recently, a shower door, which is a permanently installed sliding or pivoting door made from glass or plastic. Containing water spray, leaks, and splashes within the bathtub is particularly important in bathrooms constructed with wooden under-flooring because water causes the wooden floor boards and floor joists to rot or decay over time, if left unattended.
   Coatings used to create a new bathtub finish can be epoxies, urethanes, hybrid polyester-polyurethane, or polymers. These coatings may be rolled, brushed, or sprayed on.
  
  Bathtub refinishing is possible using DIY kits from hardware stores, but some may choose a professional service company offering refinishing services. DIY kits generally do not offer the same level of bonding and thus, deteriorate more quickly, relying primarily on epoxy adhesion. Without professional spray equipment, the final aesthetic look may show brush or roller marks.
  
  Section::::Hazards.
   "Freestanding tubs" have become popular in recent years as a result of larger bathrooms being constructed. Freestanding bathtubs are made from a variety of materials including stone resin, cast stone, acrylic, cast iron, fiberglass, and porcelain.
  
  Section::::Types.:Soft bathtubs.
  
  "Soft tubs" are made from soft plastic or foam with a protective non-slip coating. While soft tubs have been available since the 1970s, by the 1990s they were being sold by major manufacturers. The tubs are typically marketed to children and the elderly to prevent injury from falls.
   They are commonly installed on rectangular drop-in bathtubs with a shower head combination. In this arrangement, the bathtub is installed tightly against three walls, which are often covered with ceramic tiles. The bathtub and walls are sealed along the tub and wall abutment with a flexible caulk and rigid grout is used between the tiles to contain all water. The most common North American configuration is a rectangular drop-in bathtub/shower which is 5 foot in length and approximately 32 inch in width, having a shower head, water spout, taps, over flow drain, and bottom drain on one of the 32 inch ends.
   Clawfoot tubs come in 4 major styles:
  
  BULLET::::- Classic roll rim tubs, also called roll top tubs or flat rim tubs as seen in the picture at the top of this page.
  
  BULLET::::- Slipper tubs – where one end is raised and sloped creating a more comfortable lounging position.
  
  BULLET::::- Double slipper tubs – where both ends are raised and sloped.
  
  BULLET::::- Double ended tubs – where both ends of the tub are rounded, as opposed to the classic roll tim tub, which has one rounded end and one fairly flat end.
  
  Section::::Types.:Pedestal tubs.
   Many accessible bathtubs are available with hydrotherapy or whirlpool features, internal grab bars, anti-slip floors and seats, and handheld showerheads that, in some cases, can also be wall mounted to enable a person to take a standing shower.
  
  Section::::Walk-in bathtubs.
   Vibratory tumblers have an action that is similar to filing. An eccentric, rotating weight shakes the tub in a circular path, during which the entire load is lifted up at an angle and then dropped. As the load is falling (but not actually airborne) the tub returns to an upward position, applying an upward and angular force that causes a shearing action where the parts and media rub against each other.
   The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission has warned of the dangers of the balls being used in a safe manner. The Commission is aware of two unconfirmed incidents involving water balls. In one, a child was found unresponsive after being inside the ball for a very brief period of time. After being examined, the child was found to be suffering from an unrelated ongoing medical problem. In the second incident, a person inside the ball suffered a fracture when it fell out of a shallow, above-ground pool onto hard ground.
  
  Section::::Construction.
   Should the material become scratched or broken, solid surface can, in most cases, be repaired quickly by a certified solid surface repair company or trained fabricator. Cracked sinks can be replaced as well. Because the surface is solid throughout, a countertop that has undergone years of wear and tear can be refinished. The installed product is available in a variety of finishes, ranging from matte to high-gloss, although most manufacturers recommend a matte or satin finish for ease of maintenance.
  
  Section::::Availability.
   Shower or bath benches come in different lengths, along with such options as padded seats, swivel seats, and cut-out seats. 
  
  Some are freestanding, while others attach to the side of the tub. There are also models that integrate with a wheeled chair, with the transfer frame in the tub connecting to the chair.
   Sanitation can also be aided by a non-chemical ozonator.
  
  For aesthetic reasons, and for the sanitizer to work properly, water should be neither too alkaline nor too acidic (low pH). The hardness level of the water, measured as the amount of dissolved calcium, is also important. Insufficient hardness can lead to corrosion and water foaming.
  
  Section::::Types.
  
  BULLET::::- Portable vinyl-liner hot tub: these are cheaper and smaller, and require less power, e.g. 110–120 V 15 A household power circuits in North America.
   Transfer bench
  
  A transfer bench, (also known as a showering bench, shower bench, or transfer chair) is a bath safety mobility device which the user sits on to get into a bathtub. The user usually sits on the bench, which straddles the side of the tub, and gradually slides from the outside to the inside of the tub. Tub transfer benches are used by people who have trouble getting over the tub wall or into the shower, either because of illness or disability.
  
  Section::::Types of Transfer Benches.
  
  Section::::Types of Transfer Benches.:Non-Sliding.
   The remaining fourth side is used for entry and exit by the user, for the purpose of showering or bathing, and is fitted with a device to prevent the shower head from spraying water outside the tub.
  
  Most shower splash guard designs are based on a right triangle, where the 90 degree legs are attached to the wall and tub ledge. The right triangle design functions well when the bathtub and walls are installed perfectly square with each other. Some extend as much as 4 feet up the wall, and are held in position using adhesive foam tapes or glues.
   BULLET::::- Vichy shower, a shower where large quantities of warm water are poured over a spa patron while the user lies within a shallow (wet) bed, similar to a massage table, but with drainage for the water.
  
  BULLET::::- Glassfibre Shower Pod, a shower cubicle moulded using fibreglass, usually in a one piece construction, which makes it easy to fit, keep clean and leak free.
  
  Section::::Types of shower heads.
  
  BULLET::::- Fixed shower heads—Traditional fixed shower-heads are mostly common shower-faucets because as they can easily connect to the plumbing fixtures with-out any additional hardware.
   Generally, shower splash guards are made from plastic and function as a dam to prevent water from escaping the bathtub and pooling on the floor. These devices are installed to fill the intersecting void between the top ledge of the bathtub and the perpendicular wall.
  
  Section::::Relationship to bathtub or shower curtains and doors.
   Pedestal tubs rests on a pedestal in what most would term an art deco style. Evidence of pedestal tubs dates back to the Isle of Crete in 1000 BC.
  
  Section::::Types.:Baby bathtub.
  
  A baby bathtub is one used for bathing infants, especially those not yet old enough to sit up on their own. These can be either a small, stand-alone bath that is filled with water from another source, or a device for supporting the baby that is placed in a standard bathtub. Many are designed to allow the baby to recline while keeping its head out of the water.
   BULLET::::- The spray pool at Phillips Park in Aurora, Illinois dates from the 1930s and has closed and reopened several times. It is now part of the Phillips Park Family Aquatic Center next to the Phillips Park Zoo.
  
  BULLET::::- Seattle & King County, Washington has a "Plan Guide for Water Recreation Facilities - Spray Pools" listing very specific considerations such as the use of non-slip surfaces and the positioning of the spray pools so as to "minimize pollution by dust, smoke, soot and other undesirable substances."
   Domestic showers are most commonly stall showers or showers over a bathtub. A stall shower is a dedicated shower area which uses a door or curtain to contain water spray. The shower over a bathtub saves bathroom space and enables the area to be used for either a bath or a shower and commonly uses a sliding shower curtain to contain the water spray. Showers may also be in a wet room, in which there is no contained shower area, or in a dedicated shower room, which does not require containment of water spray. Most domestic showers have a single overhead shower head, which may be adjustable.
   Shower splash guard
  
  A shower splash guard is a permanently installed, fixed, rigid fitting made of plastic or glass that prevent water from a shower from splashing out of the bathtub and onto the floor. Typically, the shower splash guard is a small triangular piece of plastic that is used in combination with a shower curtain, to prevent water escaping at the corners, but it may be a much larger piece that is used by itself.
  
  Section::::Typical design and use.
   Shower or bathtub curtains are more commonly installed because of their very low cost and ease of installation, requiring only a rod, which may be removable, that spans between the end walls of the open side of the bathtub, and rings or hooks for attaching the curtain. The waterproof curtain or liner is placed inside the bathtub during and after shower use to contain water spray and splashes within the bathtub for proper drainage while drying. However, they are not highly effective: if the curtain is not very carefully arranged, then water escapes and puddles on the floor, near the wall at the end of the shower curtain, particularly at the end where the shower head was located.
   Norstad ceramic sinks were tested and approved under the Uniform Plumbing Code by the International Association of Plumbing Officials. The basins were hand thrown inside spinning plaster molds which insured a good degree of uniformity. The mold formed the outside of the basin and the inside is hand crafted.
  
  Section::::Biography.:Patrons and exhibits.
   James R. Wheeler and his Brother Richard in 1979 adapted the acrylic being used for outdoor spas to make acrylic bathtubs, Working with Spartech Plastics they developed the modern co-extruded and durable acrylic bathtub used today. The company American Bath Factory was the first to expand the diversity of acrylic bathtubs to include whirlpools, clawfoot bathtubs, and a large variety of pedestal and modern bathtubs.
  
  Section::::Types.
  
  Section::::Types.:Clawfoot tub.
   There is a wide range of electric showers, with various types of heating controls. The heating element of an electric shower is immersed in the water stream, using a nichrome resistance element which is sheathed and electrically isolated, like the ones used in oil heaters, radiators or clothes irons, providing safety. Due to electrical safety standards, modern electric showers are made of plastic instead of using metallic casings like in the past. As an electrical appliance that uses more electric current than a washer or a dryer, an electric shower installation requires careful planning, and generally is intended to be wired directly from the electrical distribution box with a dedicated circuit breaker and ground system. A poorly installed system with old aluminum wires or bad connections may be dangerous, as the wires can overheat or electric current may leak via the water stream through the body of the user to earth.
   BULLET::::- Roto-molded hot tubs are constructed with the shell and surrounding cabinet as a single piece. They have molded seating.
  
  BULLET::::- Acrylic: these hot tubs have a cast acrylic shell, supported by a frame structure, and are usually surrounded by a skirt of either cedar or simulated wood-grain plastic. They typically can seat two to seven persons or more.
  
  BULLET::::- Cement: hot tubs can also be built of cement, above-ground, or in-ground like a small swimming pool.
   The home environment can present many hazards. Common places for injurious falls are the bathtub and steps. Changes to the home environment are aimed at reducing hazards and help support a person in daily activities. Changes could include minimizing clutter, installing grab bars in the shower or tub or near the toilet, and installing non-slip decals to slippery surfaces. Stairs can be improved by providing handrails on both sides, improving lighting, and adding colour contrast between steps. Improvement in lighting and luminance levels can aid elderly people in assessing and negotiating hazards. Currently, there is insufficient scientific evidence to ensure the effectiveness of modification of the home environment to reduce injuries. It appears that changes to the environment are not easily implemented because of low uptake by study participants. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that pre-discharge home assessments are associated with a reduced risk of falling.
  
presuppositions: Bathtubs and showers are slippery and should be non slip.  Bathtubs are not made out of non slippery materials.
corrections: Bathtubs and showers are not slippery, it is actually materials such as soap and shampoo on the surface that makes it slippery. Bathtub surfaces are non-slip, but soaps and shampoos and conditioners make the surface slippery.
raw_presuppositions: Bathtubs and showers are slippery and should be non slip.  Bathtubs are not made out of non slippery materials.
raw_corrections: Bathtubs and showers are not slippery, it is actually materials such as soap and shampoo on the surface that makes it slippery. Bathtub surfaces are non-slip, but soaps and shampoos and conditioners make the surface slippery.