question: What is the extradition bill in Hong Kong?
comment: Hong Kong is a weird situation. The land was leased and developed by the British, under terms that it would eventually be given back to China, which agreed to take a long time to fully reabsorb into their government. The transfer itself has already occurred, and China is slowly imposing new laws in Hong Kong as part of its reabsorption. The latest proposed law is an extradition "treaty", which allows China to arrest people who are in Hong Kong, even travelers at the airport, who may be violating some aspect of Chinese law, like being a Christian Missionary.
passages: Section::::Controversies.:2019 Hong Kong extradition law protests.
  
  A proposed Hong Kong extradition law tabled in April 2019 led to one of the biggest protests in the island's history, with 1 million demonstrators joining the protests on the 9th of June, 2019. They took place three days before the Hong Kong government planned to bypass the committee process and bring the contentious bill straight to the full legislature to hasten its approval.
  
  For the protests themselves see 2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests.
   And in the Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Ordinance (MLAO) ():
  
  BULLET::::1. To lift the geographical restriction on the scope of application of the Ordinance; and
  
  BULLET::::2. To provide that case-based co-operation premised on the undertaking of reciprocity will be superseded by the long-term MLA arrangements once the latter have been made and become effective.
  
  Section::::Concerns.
   Section::::Legislative Council row.
   Section::::International escalation.
  
  Section::::International escalation.:Beijing weighs in.
   BULLET::::2. including safeguards that are in line with common human rights protection in the activation of special surrender arrangements, such as presumption of innocence, open trial, legal representation, right to cross-examine witnesses, no coerced confession, right to appeal, etc.; and the requesting party must guarantee that the effective limitation period of the relevant offence has not lapsed; and
   Section::::International escalation.:Foreign pressure.
   Section::::Government amendments to the bill.
   Section::::Events.:14 July Sha Tin march.:15 and 16 July accountability protests.
   Section::::International escalation.:No-confidence vote.
   Section::::Events.:16 June march.
   Section::::Events.:17 July elderly march.
   BULLET::::- Macau – On 11 June, following the events in Hong Kong, the Macau SAR government said it would develop a wait-and-see approach in regards to negotiating their own extradition law with Mainland China.
   Section::::Concerns.:Colonial-era British officials.
   2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests
  
  The 2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests are a series of ongoing demonstrations in Hong Kong against the Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill proposed by the government of Hong Kong.
   BULLET::::3. enhancing protection for the interests of surrendered persons, such as processing only requests from the central authority (as opposed to the local authority) of a place, following up with the Mainland the arrangements for helping sentenced persons to serve their sentence in Hong Kong, negotiating appropriate means and arrangements for post-surrender visits, etc.
   Section::::Methods.:Advertising campaign.
   The government promulgated on 30 May the provision of "additional safeguards" in the following three aspects:
  
  BULLET::::1. limiting the application of special surrender arrangements to the most serious offences only by raising the threshold requirement for applicable offences from imprisonment for more than three years to seven years or above;
   As the momentum of the anti-extradition protests continued to grow, several more protests movements focusing on local issues were held in different regions in Hong Kong. 
  
  Section::::Other movements.:Reclaim Tuen Mun (6 July).
   The American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong (AmCham) issued a statement on 30 May, questioning the government's decision to push the bill through. AmCham also sent Chief Secretary Matthew Cheung eight questions related to the bill following Cheung meeting with the foreign chambers of commerce on the previous day, pressing the government on how it planned to address concerns from foreign diplomats in Hong Kong, and how it would ensure that the requesting jurisdictions could guarantee a fair trial.
   Although the bill has not been formally withdrawn, on 9 July, Hong Kong's chief executive Carrie Lam said she has stopped the amendment process and reiterated there is 'no plan' to restart this process in the Legislative Council, stating: "the bill is dead".
  
  Section::::Background.
   Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Monitor and more than 70 other non-governmental organisations wrote an open letter to Chief Executive Carrie Lam on 7 June stating the "serious shortcomings in the proposed amendment", claiming that the additional safeguards would still be unlikely to provide genuine and effective protection as it did not resolve the real risk of torture or other ill-treatment, including detention in poor conditions for indefinite periods, or other serious human rights violations which are prohbited under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
   Section::::Events.:14 July Sha Tin march.:Evening clashes.
   Section::::Events.:7 July Tsim Sha Tsui march.:10 July subsequent protests.
   As a special administrative region of China, Hong Kong is jurisdictionally distinct from mainland China and maintains a separate governing and legal system under the "one country, two systems" principle. There is currently no formal process for Hong Kong to render fugitives wanted for crimes committed in the mainland over to Chinese authorities. The legislation was first proposed by the Security Bureau in February 2019 in response to a murder that occurred in Taiwan in the previous year. Taiwanese authorities requested for the transfer of the murder suspect, who had fled to Hong Kong, but the regional government declared that it was unable to do so due to the lack of formal extradition arrangements between the two jurisdictions.
   Section::::Chinese government and media.:Opposition to the anti-extradition bill protests.
  
  "China Daily" commented the 20 July counter-demonstration as "the silent majority of Hong Kong has every reason to come out and defend their home".
  