question: Where did the first STDs come from how when did we know about them?
comment: I imagine they start as any other bacteria or virus and mutate over time and have found to be able to infect humans same as any other disease but has just found its easiest method of transmission is through body fluids
passages: Section::::20th-century discoveries.:Human immunodeficiency virus (1959-1984).
  
  AIDS was first reported June 5, 1981, when the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded a cluster of "Pneumocystis carinii" pneumonia (now still classified as PCP but known to be caused by "Pneumocystis jirovecii") in five homosexual men in Los Angeles. The discovery of the virus took several years of research, and was announced in 1984 by Dr. Gallo of the National Cancer Institute, Dr. Luc Montagnier at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, and Dr. Jay Levy at the University of California, San Francisco.
   In 1878, Albert Neisser isolated and visualized "N. gonorrhoeae" diplococci in samples of pus from 35 men and women with the classic symptoms of genitourinary infection with gonorrhea – two of whom also had infections of the eyes. In 1882, Leistikow and Loeffler were able to grow the organism in culture. Then in 1883, Max Bockhart proved conclusively that the bacterium isolated by Albert Neisser was the causative agent of the disease known as gonorrhea by inoculating the penis of a healthy man with the bacteria. The man developed the classic symptoms of gonorrhea days after, satisfying the last of Koch's postulates. Until this point, researchers debated whether syphilis and gonorrhea were manifestations of the same disease or two distinct entities. One such 18th-century researcher, John Hunter, tried to settle the debate in 1767 by inoculating a man with pus taken from a patient with gonorrhea. He erroneously concluded that both syphilis and gonorrhea were indeed the same disease when the man developed the copper-colored rash that is classic for syphilis. Although many sources repeat that Hunter inoculated himself, others have argued that it was in fact another man. After Hunter's experiment other scientists sought to disprove his conclusions by inoculating other male physicians, medical students, and incarcerated men with gonorrheal pus, who all developed the burning and discharge of gonorrhea. One researcher, Ricord, took the initiative to perform 667 inoculations of gonorrheal pus on patients of a mental hospital, with zero cases of syphilis. Notably, the advent of penicillin in the 1940s made effective treatments for gonorrhea available.
   One of first examples of systematic study of disease causation was Avicenna, in the tenth century. The history of infection and disease were observed in the 1800s and related to the one of the tick-borne diseases, Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The cause of viral encephalitis was discovered in Russia based upon epidemiological clustering of cases. The virus causing this illness was isolated in 1937. The rash typical of Lyme borreliosis was identified the early 1900s. Historically, some chronic diseases were linked or associated with infectious pathogens.
   It is hypothesized that HIV probably transferred to humans as a result of direct contact with primates, for instance during hunting, butchery, or inter-species sexual contact.
  
  Section::::20th-century discoveries.:"Cyclospora" (1995).
   Section::::In prehistory.
   In May 1969 16-year-old African-American Robert Rayford died at the St. Louis City Hospital from Kaposi's sarcoma. In 1987 researchers at Tulane University School of Medicine detected "a virus closely related or identical to" HIV-1 in his preserved blood and tissues. The doctors who worked on his case at the time suspected he was a prostitute or the victim of sexual abuse, though the patient did not discuss his sexual history with them in detail.
  
  Section::::History of spread.:1976: Arvid Noe.
   Section::::History.
  
  The first host to be noticed in ancient times was human: human parasites such as hookworm are recorded from ancient Egypt from 3000 BC onwards, while in ancient Greece, the Hippocratic Corpus describes human bladder worm. The medieval Persian physician Avicenna recorded human and animal parasites including roundworms, threadworms, the Guinea worm and tapeworms. In Early Modern times, Francesco Redi recorded animal parasites, while the microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observed and illustrated the protozoan "Giardia lamblia" from "his own loose stools".
   Section::::Pathogenicity of SIV in non-human primates.
   Bloody urine (haematurea) was recorded by Ancient Egyptians in papyri 5,000 years ago. They called it "Aaa". The first scientific report was by Marc Armand Ruffer, an English physician in Egypt, in 1910. He discovered parasite eggs from two mummies, which were dated to around 1,250–1,000 BCE. The oldest infection known to date was revealed using ELISA, which is more than 5,000 years old. In 1851, Theodor Maximillian Bilharz, a German physician at the Kasr el-Aini Hospital in Cairo recovered the adult fluke from a dead soldier. He named it "Distomum haematobium", for its apparent two mouths (now called ventral and oral suckers) and habitat of the blood vessel. He published the formal description in 1852. The genus "Distomum" (literally "two-mouthed") was created by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 for all flukes; hence, it was not specific. Another German physician Heinrich Meckel von Hemsbach introduced a new name "Bilharzia haematobium" in 1856 to honour the discoverer. He also introduced the medical term bilharzia or bilharziasis to describe the infection. Unbeknown to von Hemsbach, a German zoologist David Friedrich Weinland established a new genus "Schistosoma" in 1858. After almost a century of taxonomic dispute, "Schistosoma" was validated by ICZN in 1954; thereby validating the name "Schistosoma haematobium".
   However, HIV existed long before the 1981 CDC report. Three of the earliest known instances of HIV infection are as follows:
  
  BULLET::::1. A plasma sample taken in 1959 from an adult male living in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  
  BULLET::::2. HIV found in tissue samples from a 15-year-old African-American teenager who died in St. Louis in 1969.
  
  BULLET::::3. HIV found in tissue samples from a Norwegian sailor who died around 1976.
   Sex tourism and contaminated blood transfusion centers ultimately propelled AIDS to public consciousness in the 1980s and a worldwide pandemic.
  
  Section::::Emergence.:Origin and epidemic emergence.:Genital ulcer diseases and evolution of sexual activity.
   BULLET::::- 1998
  
  BULLET::::- December 10, International Human Rights Day, Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) is launched to campaign for greater access to HIV treatment for all South Africans, by raising public awareness and understanding about issues surrounding the availability, affordability and use of HIV treatments. TAC campaigns against the view that AIDS is a "death sentence".
  
  BULLET::::- 1999
  
  BULLET::::- January 31, Studies suggest that a retrovirus, "SIVcpz" (simian immunodeficiency virus) from the common chimpanzee "Pan troglodytes", may have passed to human populations in west equatorial Africa during the twentieth century and developed into various types of HIV.
   In 2006, scientists reported the origin of HIV came from a population of chimpanzees that were "penned in" a 100-square-mile section of Cameroon bracketed by the Boumba River to the west, the Sangha River to the east, "this patch of tropical forest is sealed into an inland peninsula to the south by the Ngoko River." One hypothesis is that a Bantu hunter became infected while processing a chimpanzee. In the early 1900s the area was experiencing an upheaval as the German Empire took over the land in 1884, naming the colony Kamerun. The hypothesis follows that the infected hunter would have visited or moved to a more densely populated area and passed the infection on via sexual contact.
   Section::::Emerging viruses.:Nipah virus.
  
  In 1997 an outbreak of respiratory disease occurred in Malaysian farmers and their pigs. More than 265 cases of encephalitis, of which 105 were fatal, were recorded. A new paramyxovirus was discovered in a victim's brain; it was named Nipah virus, after the village where he had lived. The infection was caused by a virus from fruit bats, after their colony had been disrupted by deforestation. The bats had moved to trees nearer the pig farm and the pigs caught the virus from their droppings.
  
  Section::::Emerging viruses.:Viral haemorrhagic fevers.
   Many modern diseases, even epidemic diseases, started out as zoonotic diseases. It is hard to establish with certainty which diseases jumped from other animals to humans, but there is increasing evidence from DNA and RNA sequencing, that measles, smallpox, influenza, HIV, and diphtheria came to humans this way. Various forms of the common cold and tuberculosis also are adaptations of strains originating in other species.
   Some of the first evidence in modern times of "Giardia's" pathogenicity came during World War II when soldiers were treated for malaria with the antiprotozoal Quinacrine, and their diarrhea disappeared, as did the "Giardia" from their stool samples. In 1954, Dr. R.C. Rendtorff performed experiments on prisoner volunteers, infecting them with "Giardia". In the experiment, although some prisoners experienced changes in stool habits, he concluded that these could not be conclusively linked to "Giardia" infection, and also indicated that all prisoners experienced spontaneous clearance of "Giardia". His experiments were described in the EPA Symposium on Waterborne Transmission of Giardiasis in 1979:
   In May 1984 a team led by Robert Gallo of the United States confirmed the discovery of the virus, but they renamed it human T lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III).
  
  Section::::Identification of the virus.:August 1984: ARV.
  
  Dr. Jay Levy's group at the University of California, San Francisco also played a role in the discovery of HIV. He independently isolated the AIDS virus in 1983 and named it the AIDS-associated Retrovirus (ARV), publishing his findings in the journal Science in 1984.
  
  Section::::Identification of the virus.:January 1985: both found to be the same.
   History of emerging infectious diseases
  
  The discovery of disease-causing pathogens is an important activity in the field of medical science. Many viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, helminthes and prions are identified as a confirmed or potential pathogen. In the United States, a Centers for Disease Control program, begun in 1995, identified over a hundred patients with life-threatening illnesses that were considered to be of an infectious cause, but that could not be linked to a known pathogen. The association of pathogens with disease can be a complex and controversial process, in some cases requiring decades or even centuries to achieve.
   Section::::Emergence.:Origin and epidemic emergence.:Genital ulcer diseases and evolution of sexual activity.:Strong GUD incidence in nascent colonial cities.
   The Neolithic age, which began in the Middle East in about 9500 BC, was a time when humans became farmers. This agricultural revolution embraced the development of monoculture and presented an opportunity for the rapid spread of several species of plant viruses. The divergence and spread of sobemoviruses – southern bean mosaic virus – date from this time. The spread of the potyviruses of potatoes, and other fruits and vegetables, began about 6,600 years ago.
   Soon after, they were identified as trypanosomes by Joseph Everett Dutton who wrote that it was "impossible to decide defi­nitely as to the species, but if on further study it should be found to differ from the other disease pro­ducing trypanosomes I would suggest that it be called "Trypanosoma gambiensé"" (now "T. b. gambiense").
   HIV-1 is one of the most significant viruses to have emerged in the last quarter of the 20th century. When, in 1981, a scientific article was published that reported the deaths of five young gay men, no one knew that they had died from AIDS. The full scale of the epidemic – and that the virus had been silently emerging over several decades – was not known.
   In May 1983, a team of doctors at the Pasteur Institute in France including Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier reported that they had isolated a new retrovirus from lymphoid ganglions that they believed was the cause of AIDS. The virus was later named lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) and a sample was sent to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, which was later passed to the National Cancer Institute (NCI).
  
  Section::::Identification of the virus.:May 1984: HTLV-III.
   Section::::Emergence.:Origin and epidemic emergence.:Genital ulcer diseases and evolution of sexual activity.:Probable time interval of cross-species transfer.
   The first recorded outbreak of syphilis in Europe occurred in 1494/1495 in Naples, Italy, during a French invasion. Because it was spread by returning French troops, the disease was known as "French disease", and it was not until 1530 that the term "syphilis" was first applied by the Italian physician and poet Girolamo Fracastoro. The causative organism, "Treponema pallidum", was first identified by Fritz Schaudinn and Erich Hoffmann in 1905. The first effective treatment, Salvarsan, was developed in 1910 by Sahachirō Hata in the laboratory of Paul Ehrlich. It was followed by the introduction of penicillin in 1943.
  