question: Why aren't viruses sorted into any kingdom?
comment: Viruses are not considered living. One of the criteria of being alive is to be able to self-reproduce. But viruses need other cells to reproduce for them. So they are not considered living.
passages: The ICTV's universal virus classification system uses a slightly modified version of the standard biological classification system. It only recognises the taxa order, family, subfamily, genus, and species. When it is uncertain how to classify a species into a genus but its classification in a family is clear, it will be classified as an unassigned species of that family. Many taxa remain unranked. There are also, as of 2005, GenBank sequences assigned to 3,142 "species" which are not accounted for in the ICTV report (due to the way GenBank works, however, the actual number of proper species is probably significantly smaller). The number of unidentified virus sequences is only expected to increase as the rate of virus sequencing increases dramatically.
   There is ongoing debate as to whether viruses can be included in the tree of life. The ten arguments against include the fact that they are obligate intracellular parasites that lack metabolism and are not capable of replication outside of a host cell. Another argument is that their placement in the tree would be problematic, since it is suspected that viruses have arisen multiple times, and they have a penchant for harvesting nucleotide sequences from their hosts.
  
  On the other hand, arguments favor their inclusion.
   ICTVdb is a species and isolate database that has been intended to serve as a companion to the ICTV taxonomy database. The development of ICTVdB has been supported by the ICTV since 1991 and was initially intended to aid taxonomic research. The database classifies viruses based primarily on their chemical characteristics, genomic type, nucleic acid replication, diseases, vectors, and geographical distribution, among other characteristics.
   The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses began to devise and implement rules for the naming and classification of viruses early in the 1970s, an effort that continues to the present. The ICTV is the only body charged by the International Union of Microbiological Societies with the task of developing, refining, and maintaining a universal virus taxonomy.
   The ICTV has been strikingly successful in achieving stability, since their inception in 1962. Every genus and family recognized in the 1980s continued to be in use as of 2005, for example.
  
  Section::::Naming and changing taxa.
  
  Proposals for new names, name changes, and the establishment and taxonomic placement of taxa are handled by the Executive Committee of the ICTV in the form of proposals. All relevant ICTV subcommittees and study groups are consulted prior to a decision being taken.
   List of higher virus taxa
  
  This is an alphabetical list of biological virus higher taxa; it includes those realms, subrealms, kingdoms, subkingdoms, phyla, subphyla, classes, subclasses, orders, and suborders listed by the ICTV 2018b report.
  
  For a list of individual species, see List of virus species.
  
  For a list of virus genera, see List of genera of viruses.
  
  For a list of family-level viral taxa, see List of virus families and subfamilies.
  
  For a taxonomic list, see Taxonomic list of viruses.
  
  Realm
  
  BULLET::::- "Riboviria"
  
  Phyla
  
  BULLET::::- "Negarnaviricota"
  
  Subphyla
  
  BULLET::::- "Haploviricotina"
  
  BULLET::::- "Polyploviricotina"
  
  Classes
  
  BULLET::::- "Chunqiuviricetes"
  
  BULLET::::- "Ellioviricetes"
  
  BULLET::::- "Insthoviricetes"
   BULLET::::- "Drosophila melanogaster 297 virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila melanogaster Gypsy virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila melanogaster Idefix virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila melanogaster Tirant virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila melanogaster Zam virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila virilis Tv1 virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Trichoplusia ni TED virus"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Metavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Arabidopsis thaliana Athila virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Arabidopsis thaliana Tat4 virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Bombyx mori Mag virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cladosporium fulvum T-1 virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Dictyostelium discoideum Skipper virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila buzzatii Osvaldo virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila melanogaster 412 virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila melanogaster Blastopia virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila melanogaster Mdg1 virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila melanogaster Mdg3 virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila melanogaster Micropia virus"
   Acknowledging the importance of viral metagenomics, the ICTV recognizes that genomes assembled from metagenomic data represent actual viruses and encourages their official classification following the same procedures as those used for viruses isolated and characterized using classical virology approaches.
  
  Section::::ICTV reports.
   Isometric forms predominate mycoviral morphologies in comparison to rigid rods, flexuous rods, club-shaped particles, enveloped bacilliform particles, and Herpesvirus-like viruses. The lack of genomic data often hampers a conclusive assignment to already established groups of viruses or makes it impossible to erect new families and genera. The latter is true for many unencapsidated dsRNA viruses, which are assumed to be viral, but missing sequence data has prevented their classification so far. So far, viruses of the families "Partitiviridae", "Totiviridae", and "Narnaviridae" are dominating the "mycovirus sphere".
  
  Section::::Host range and incidence.
   As of November 2018, only phylum, subphylum, class, order, suborder, family, subfamily, genus, and species are used.
  
  The establishment of an order is based on the inference that the virus families it contains have most likely evolved from a common ancestor. The majority of virus families remain unplaced. 
  
  As of 2018, just one single phylum, two subphyla (Haploviricotina and Polyploviricotina), six classes, 14 orders, five suborders, 143 families, 64 subfamilies, 846 genera, and 4,958 species of viruses have been defined by the ICTV. The orders are as follows:
  
  BULLET::::- "Caudovirales" are tailed dsDNA (group I) bacteriophages.
   "In order for an agent to be classified in the family "Parvoviridae", it must be judged to be an authentic parvovirus on the basis of having been isolated and sequenced or, failing this, on the basis of having been sequenced in tissues, secretions, or excretions of unambiguous host origin, supported by evidence of its distribution in multiple individual hosts in a pattern that is compatible with dissemination by infection. The sequence must be in one piece, contain all the nonstructural (NS) and virus particle (VP) coding regions, and meet the size constraints and motif patterns typical of the family."
   BULLET::::- To avoid or reject the use of names which might cause error or confusion
  
  BULLET::::- To avoid the unnecessary creation of names
   BULLET::::- "Nectarine marafivirus M"
  
  BULLET::::- "Oat blue dwarf virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Olive latent virus 3"
  
  BULLET::::- "Peach marafivirus D"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Tymovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Anagyris vein yellowing virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Andean potato latent virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Andean potato mild mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Belladonna mottle virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cacao yellow mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Calopogonium yellow vein virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Chayote mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Chiltepin yellow mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clitoria yellow vein virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Desmodium yellow mottle virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Dulcamara mottle virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Eggplant mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Erysimum latent virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Kennedya yellow mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Melon rugose mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Nemesia ring necrosis virus"
   BULLET::::- "Cleome golden mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cleome leaf crumple alphasatellite"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cleome leaf crumple virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clerodendron golden mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clerodendron yellow mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clerodendrum chlorotic spot dichorhavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clerodendrum golden mosaic China virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clerodendrum golden mosaic Jiangsu virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clitoria virus Y"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clitoria yellow mottle virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clitoria yellow vein virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clostera anachoreta granulovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clostera anastomosis granulovirus A"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clostera anastomosis granulovirus B"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clostridium virus phiC2"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clostridium virus phiCD119"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clostridium virus phiCD27"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clover yellow mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Clover yellow vein virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus"
   Holmes (1948) used Carl Linnaeus's system of binomial nomenclature to classify viruses into 3 groups under one order, Virales. They are placed as follows:
  
  BULLET::::- Group I: "Phaginae" (attacks bacteria)
  
  BULLET::::- Group II: "Phytophaginae "(attacks plants)
  
  BULLET::::- Group III: "Zoophaginae "(attacks animals)
  
  Section::::LHT System of Virus Classification.
   BULLET::::- "Turnip mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Twisted-stalk chlorotic streak virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Vallota mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Vanilla distortion mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Verbena virus Y"
  
  BULLET::::- "Watermelon leaf mottle virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Watermelon mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Wild onion symptomless virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Wild potato mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Wild tomato mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Wisteria vein mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Yam mild mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Yam mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Yambean mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Zantedeschia mild mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Zea mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Zucchini shoestring virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Zucchini tigre mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Zucchini yellow fleck virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Zucchini yellow mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Roymovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Rose yellow mosaic virus"
   Viruses are mainly classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms, and the type of disease they cause. The formal taxonomic classification of viruses is the responsibility of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) system, although the Baltimore classification system can be used to place viruses into one of seven groups based on their manner of mRNA synthesis. Specific naming conventions and further classification guidelines are set out by the ICTV.
  
  A catalogue of all the world's known viruses has been proposed; some related preliminary efforts have been accomplished.
   Section::::Virus species definition.
  
  Species form the basis for any biological classification system. The ICTV had adopted the principle that a virus species is a polythetic class of viruses that constitutes a replicating lineage and occupies a particular ecological niche. In July 2013, the ICTV definition of species changed to state: "A species is a monophyletic group of viruses whose properties can be distinguished from those of other species by multiple criteria."
  
  Section::::ICTV classification.
   BULLET::::- "Himetobi P virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hincksia hinckiae virus a"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hippeastrum latent virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hippeastrum mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hippoboscid mivirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hippotragine gammaherpesvirus 1"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hirame novirhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "His 1 virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hollyhock leaf curl virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hollyhock yellow vein alphasatellite"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hollyhock yellow vein mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Homalodisca coagulata virus 1"
  
  BULLET::::- "Honeysuckle ringspot virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Honeysuckle yellow vein betasatellite"
  
  BULLET::::- "Honeysuckle yellow vein mosaic betasatellite"
  
  BULLET::::- "Honeysuckle yellow vein virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hop latent viroid"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hop latent virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hop mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hop stunt viroid"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hop trefoil cryptic virus 1"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hop trefoil cryptic virus 2"
   BULLET::::- "Maize Iranian mosaic nucleorhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Potato yellow dwarf nucleorhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Rice yellow stunt nucleorhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Sowthistle yellow vein nucleorhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Taro vein chlorosis nucleorhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Perhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Anguillid perhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Perch perhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Sea trout perhabdovirus"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Sigmavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila affinis sigmavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila ananassae sigmavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila immigrans sigmavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila melanogaster sigmavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila obscura sigmavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Drosophila tristis sigmavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Muscina stabulans sigmavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Sprivivirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Carp sprivivirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pike fry sprivivirus"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Sripuvirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Almpiwar sripuvirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Chaco sripuvirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Niakha sripuvirus"
   BULLET::::- "Heterobasidion partitivirus 13"
  
  BULLET::::- "Heterobasidion partitivirus 15"
  
  BULLET::::- "Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 2"
  
  BULLET::::- "Vicia cryptic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "White clover cryptic virus 1"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Betapartitivirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Atkinsonella hypoxylon virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cannabis cryptic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Ceratocystis resinifera virus 1"
  
  BULLET::::- "Crimson clover cryptic virus 2"
  
  BULLET::::- "Dill cryptic virus 2"
  
  BULLET::::- "Fusarium poae virus 1"
  
  BULLET::::- "Heterobasidion partitivirus 2"
  
  BULLET::::- "Heterobasidion partitivirus 7"
  
  BULLET::::- "Heterobasidion partitivirus 8"
  
  BULLET::::- "Heterobasidion partitivirus P"
  
  BULLET::::- "Hop trefoil cryptic virus 2"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pleurotus ostreatus virus 1"
  
  BULLET::::- "Primula malacoides virus 1"
  
  BULLET::::- "Red clover cryptic virus 2"
  
  BULLET::::- "Rhizoctonia solani virus 717"
   Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth, but challenges in detecting, isolating, and classifying unknown viruses have prevented exhaustive surveys of the global virome. Over 5 Tb of metagenomic sequence data were used from 3,042 geographically diverse samples to assess the global distribution, phylogenetic diversity, and host specificity of viruses.
   BULLET::::- "Sophora yellow stunt alphasatellit 1"
  
  BULLET::::- "Subterranean clover stunt alphasatellite 1"
  
  BULLET::::- "Alphasatellitidae incertae sedis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Coconut foliar decay alphasatellite"
  
  BULLET::::- family "Alphatetraviridae"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Betatetravirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Antheraea eucalypti virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Darna trima virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Dasychira pudibunda virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Nudaurelia capensis beta virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Philosamia cynthia x ricini virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pseudoplusia includens virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Trichoplusia ni virus"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Omegatetravirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Dendrolimus punctatus virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Helicoverpa armigera stunt virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Nudaurelia capensis omega virus"
  
  BULLET::::- family "Alvernaviridae"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Dinornavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Heterocapsa circularisquama RNA virus 01"
  
  BULLET::::- family "Amalgaviridae"
  
  BULLET::::- genus "Amalgavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Blueberry latent virus"
   BULLET::::- "Passion fruit mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Passion fruit woodiness virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Passion fruit yellow mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Passionfruit leaf distortion virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Passionfruit severe leaf distortion virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pasteurella virus F108"
  
  BULLET::::- "Patois orthobunyavirus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pavonia mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pavonia yellow mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pea early-browning virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pea enation mosaic virus 1"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pea enation mosaic virus 2"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pea green mottle virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pea leaf distortion virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pea mild mosaic virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pea necrotic yellow dwarf alphasatellite 1"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pea necrotic yellow dwarf alphasatellite 2"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pea necrotic yellow dwarf virus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pea seed-borne mosaic virus"
   Section::::Rules for taxa.
  
  Section::::Rules for taxa.:Species.
  
  A species name shall consist of as few words as practicable but must not consist only of a host name and the word "virus". A species name must provide an appropriately unambiguous identification of the species. Numbers, letters, or combinations thereof may be used as species epithets where such numbers and letters are already widely used. However, newly designated serial numbers, letters or combinations thereof are not acceptable alone as species epithets. If a number or letter series is in existence it may be continued.
  
  Section::::Rules for taxa.:Genera.
  
presuppositions: Viruses should be sorted into a kingdom. Viruses are considered living organisms. 
corrections: Viruses are not alive so they don't get classified in a kingdom. Viruses are not considered living organisms.
raw_presuppositions: Viruses should be sorted into a kingdom. Viruses are considered living organisms. 
raw_corrections: Viruses are not alive so they don't get classified in a kingdom. Viruses are not considered living organisms.