question: How come kids are allowed to act before the age of 16? Isn’t this child labor?
comment: Child labor isn't inherantly illegal: it just has a lot more laws regulating it. You're allowed to work before you're 16, but what you can work as, how long you can work per day, and what specific workload you're allowed to undertake is a very narrow window compared to adults. Child actors are allowed to act under the consent of their parents. They can only shoot in a given window during the day, and they can only work X many hours per day. This is why it's quite common for films to prefer twins when selecting child actors, since they can then double the avaliable shooting time.
passages: While on Capitol Hill, Longoria and Romano showed scenes from the feature-length documentary "The Harvest" to illustrate the harsh working conditions and exploitation of children in the fields.
   Individual states have a wide range of restrictions on labor by minors, often requiring work permits for minors who are still enrolled in high school, limiting the times and hours that minors can work by age & imposing additional safety regulations.
  
  Section::::History of children's labor for wages.
   While some states do not have age restrictions on actors, California requires infants to be at least 15 days old to work as actors. California Child Actor's Bill protects child performers to safeguard a portion of their earnings. Due to the restriction on tobacco, actors in Mad Men smoked herbal cigarettes instead.
  
  Section::::Industries.:Garment.
  
  Assembly Bill 633 passed in 1999 added section 2673.1 which “guarantees” wages for garment workers.
   States have varying laws covering youth employment. Each state has minimum requirements such as, earliest age a child may begin working, number of hours a child is allowed to be working during the day, number of hours a child is allowed to be worked during the week. The United States Department of Labor lists the minimum requirements for agricultural work in each state. Where state law differs from federal law on child labor, the law with the more rigorous standard applies.
   Due to the large presence of the entertainment industry in California, it has some of the most explicit laws protecting child actors. Being a minor, a child actor must secure an entertainment work permit before accepting any paid performing work. Compulsory education laws mandate that the education of the child actor not be disrupted while the child is working, whether the child actor is enrolled in public school, private school or even home school. The child does his/her schoolwork under the supervision of a studio teacher while on the set.
  
  Section::::Issues.
  
  Section::::Issues.:Ownership of earnings.
   The original Bill was passed in 1939 by the State of California in response to the plight of who earned millions of dollars as a successful child actor only to discover, upon reaching adulthood, that his mother and stepfather had spent almost all of his money. Since then, it has been revised a few times, most recently on January 1, 2004. As it stands, money earned and accumulated under a contract under the code remains the sole legal property of the minor child.
   The protected persons fell into three categories: 
  
  BULLET::::- 'Children' (aged 10–14, but a child of 13 who had met required levels of academic attainment and had a good school attendance record could be employed as a 'young person')
  
  BULLET::::- 'Young persons' (aged 14–18, of either sex: as noted above 13-year-olds satisfying educational requirements could be employed as young persons)
   In 2013, New York toughened its child labor law protections for models under the age of eighteen by passing New York Senate Bill No. 5486, which gives underage models the same labor protections afforded to child actors. Key new protections included the following: underage models are not to work before 5:00 pm or after 10:00 pm on school nights, nor were they to work later than 12:30 am on non-school nights; the models may not return to work less than twelve hours after they leave; a pediatric nurse must be on site; models under sixteen must be accompanied by an adult chaperone; parents or guardians of underage models must create a trust fund account into which employers will transfer a minimum of 15% of the child model's gross earnings; and employers must set aside time and a dedicated space for educational instruction.
   In the United States, the activities of child actors are regulated by the governing labor union, if any, and state laws. Some projects film in remote locations specifically to evade regulations intended to protect the child. Longer work hours or risky stunts prohibited by California, for example, might be permitted to a project filming in British Columbia. US federal law "specifically exempted minors working in the Entertainment Business from all provisions of the Child Labor Laws." Any regulation of child actors is governed by disparate state laws.
  
  Section::::Regulation.:California.
   As the United States industrialized, factory owners hired young workers for a variety of tasks. Especially in textile mills, children were often hired together with their parents. Children had a special disposition to working in factories as their small statures were useful to fixing machinery and navigating the small areas that fully grown adults could not. Many families in mill towns depended on the children's labor to make enough money for necessities.
  
  Section::::Activism against child labor.
   On the one-year anniversary of the Representative Lucille Roybal-Allard’s introduction of the CARE Act legislation in September 2009, Eva Longoria and film director U. Roberto Romano visited Capitol Hill to continue to bring awareness of the bill and the plight of minor children working in the fields.
  
  Section::::See also.
  
  BULLET::::- The Harvest (documentary)
  
  BULLET::::- Harvest of Shame, Edward R. Murrow's 1960 television documentary that told of the plight of migrant workers in the United States.
  
  BULLET::::- Fair Labor Standards Act
  
  BULLET::::- International Labour Organization
  
  BULLET::::- Child labor
  
  BULLET::::- Migrant worker
  
  Section::::External links.
   Of the 48 states in the Union in 1924, five have taken no action of record on the amendment: Alabama, Mississippi, Nebraska, New York and Rhode Island; neither have Alaska nor Hawaii, both of which became states in 1959.
  
  On March 15, 2018, a concurrent resolution (numbered as "A. 10107"), to belatedly ratify the Child Labor Amendment, was officially introduced in the New York Assembly, the "lower" house of the New York Legislature. It has thus far received no further consideration than to be referred to that chamber's Committee on Judiciary.
   Child labor laws in the United States address issues related to the employment and welfare of working minors and children in the United States. The most sweeping federal law that restricts the employment and abuse of child workers is the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Child labor provisions under FLSA are designed to protect the educational opportunities of youth and prohibit their employment in jobs that are detrimental to their health and safety. FLSA restricts the hours that youth under 16 years of age can work and lists hazardous occupations too dangerous for young workers to perform.
  
  Section::::Federal law.
   The main law regulating child labor in the United States is the Fair Labor Standards Act. For non-agricultural jobs, children under 14 may not be employed, children between 14 and 16 may be employed in allowed occupations during limited hours, and children between 16 and 17 may be employed for unlimited hours in non-hazardous occupations. A number of exceptions to these rules exist, such as for employment by parents, newspaper delivery, and child actors. The regulations for agricultural employment are generally less strict.
  
  Section::::State laws.
   In September 2009 a panel discussion was hosted by Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis and including Dolores Huerta of the United Farm Workers, filmmaker Robin Romano, Mark Lara from the Department of Labor's Wage and Hour Division, and other experts. During the presentation, details of Roybal-Allard's bill were outlined: a child must be a minimum of 14 years of age to work in the fields, children under the age of 16 are restricted from working in the fields if it affects their health or school performance, and children under the age of 18 are restricted from hazardous work.
   The common legal opinion on federal child labor regulation reversed in the 1930s. Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938 regulating the employment of those under 16 or 18 years of age, and the Supreme Court upheld the law. After this shift, the amendment has been described as "moot" and effectively part of the Constitution.
  
  However, while the 1938 labor law placed limits on many forms of child labor, agricultural labor was excluded. As a result, approximately 500,000 children pick almost a quarter of the food currently produced in the United States.
   Section::::Changes Taking Place.
   South Africa has made it a criminal offence to employ a child under the age of 15, except with a permit from the Department of Labour to employ children in the performing arts. Sections 43 through 47 of its Employment Act also makes it illegal to employ children aged 15 to 18 if the work is inappropriate for their age or something that places them at risk.
   The child actor may experience unique and negative pressures when working under tight production schedules. Large projects which depend for their success on the ability of the child to deliver an effective performance add to the pressure.
  
  Ethel Merman, who several times worked in long-running stage productions with child actors, disliked what she eventually saw as their overprofessionalization - "acting more like midgets than children" - and disapproved of parents pushing adulthood on them.
  
  Section::::Post-success troubles.
   India has legislation since 1986 which allows work by children in non-hazardous industry. In 2013, the Punjab and Haryana High Court gave a landmark order that directed that there shall be a total ban on the employment of children up to the age of 14 years, be it hazardous or non-hazardous industries. However, the Court ruled that a child can work with his or her family in family based trades/occupations, for the purpose of learning a new trade/craftsmanship or vocation.
  
  Section::::Child labour by country.:Ireland.
   It was not the first time the Act has faced legal challenges, caused because the "inconsistent interpretations by the Labor Commissioner and courts [have created] an environment where no one is quite sure what is allowed. The ambiguity leaves unlicensed personal managers exposed to staggering potential liability."
   A workplace may be fully compliant with OSHA regulations and yet may place young workers at risk of injury or illness if applicable federal and state child labor laws are not followed. One study estimated that more than three-fourths of employers of young workers were unfamiliar with child labor laws. Lack of awareness of occupational safety and health laws by young workers, adults, and employers has been identified as a major obstacle to preventing injury and illness in young workers. The primary Federal law governing the employment of workers under age 18 is the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938, which is enforced by the Wage and Hour Division of the Employment Standards Administration within DOL. Child labor provisions of the FLSA are designed to protect the educational opportunities of minors and prohibit their employment in jobs that pose safety or health risks. The FLSA does not cover all young workers. The FLSA applies to an entire business enterprise if the enterprise has annual gross revenues of $500,000 or more. Child Labor Regulation No. 3 restricts hours and specifies allowable employment activities for workers aged 14 and 15.
   In addition, certain types of machinery prohibited for use by young workers under current child labor laws are commonly found in retail establishments—including food slicers, paper balers, forklifts, dough and batter mixers, and bread cutting machines. Young workers may choose to operate unfamiliar machinery to prove responsibility, independence, or maturity, or they may be instructed to do so by an employer who is unaware of child labor laws or chooses to disregard them.
  
  Section::::U.S. federal and state programs.
  
  Section::::U.S. federal and state programs.:OSHA.
   Section::::Child labour laws and initiatives.
   Exempting an employee from overtime pay in the computer software field is not too easy according to section 515.5. The hourly pay rate requirement of it is no less than $36.00. However, trainees or unskilled people can be exempted even if they meet all the requirements. Writers can be exempted. Actors who meet the requirements for the purpose of filming can be exempted.
  
  Section::::Industries.:Entertainment.
  
raw_presuppositions: Child labor is illegal. Child labor is illegal.
raw_corrections: Child labor is allowed under certain conditions. Child labor isn't illegal but is highly regulated.