question: How were we able to build the tallest building in the world in 5 years, but there are those that think 5 years is too short a time to make a new roof for Notre Dame in Paris?
comment: For the cathedral, they wouldn't just be building a new roof, it will be a restoration process which takes time. It is also a cultural heritage site which means it's important to history and protected by many rules and laws. Any plan to rebuild should be reviewed and approved by the pertinent authorities and the people of France. The Burj Khalifa on the other hand was a completely new building who's construction was controlled by fewer people who could more or less build it however they wanted because they had less rules/laws to adhere to.
passages: These less prescriptive projects need not be stuck with the "broken buildings and busted budgets" described by Barry Lepatner. Rather, the less prescriptive the project, the more the client needs an architect to steward an emergent design from vision to completion. So it follows that for the broadest range of building projects, the rigors of architect-led design–build is compelling and preferable where design is of paramount importance to the client.
  
  Section::::Debate on the merits of design–build vs. design–bid–build.:Recursive knowledge.
   There are numerous unfinished buildings that remain partially constructed in countries around the world, some of which can be used in their incomplete state, while others remain as mere shells. An example of the latter is the Ryugyong Hotel in North Korea. If finished, it would become the tallest hotel in the world and the seventh largest building but is uninhabitable and will not be completed due to the cost and the poor structural integrity. Some projects are intentionally left with an unfinished appearance, particularly the follies of the late 16th to 18th century.
   Another approach to future-proofing suggests that only in more extensive refurbishments to a building should future-proofing be considered. Even then, the proposed time horizon for future-proofing events is 15 to 25 years. The explanation for this particular time horizon for future-proof improvements is unclear. This author believes that time horizons for future-proofing are much more dependent on the potential service life of the structure, the nature of the intervention, and several other factors. The result is that time horizons for future-proof interventions could vary from 15 years (rapidly changing technology interventions) to hundreds of years (major structural interventions).
   The fast-track nature of the design and construction process (experience in 2011) often leads to missed planning, design, and even construction items. Items missed during the design and construction process can often be identified by the CxA during development of the functional and performance test procedures or during functional and performance tests.
   It is not only buildings that have failed during the construction phase. In the 1920s, the White Star Line hired the shipbuilders Harland and Wolff to build the first ocean liner, with the planned name of "Oceanic". However, a dispute between the companies and eventually the Great Depression halted the construction, and eventually the portion of the keel already constructed was broken up and used in building the smaller but similar ship, the "MV Britannic". In the 1970s the Hoan Bridge in Milwaukee, Wisconsin was out of use for five years after its construction when the connecting roads were not completed. In the 1980s, during the Iran–Iraq War, Iraqi president Saddam Hussein commissioned the Babylon project. The supergun design by Gerald Bull was never fully constructed after Bull's assassination in March 1990.
   BULLET::::- Do all stakeholders agree that the current vision can be achieved using current plan in the context of the current architecture?
  
  BULLET::::- Is the actual vs. planned resource expenditure acceptable?
  
  If the project cannot pass this milestone, there is still time for it to be canceled or redesigned. However, after leaving this phase, the project transitions into a high-risk operation where changes are much more difficult and detrimental when made.
  
  The key domain analysis for the elaboration is the system architecture.
  
  Section::::Rational unified process topics.:Four project life-cycle phases.:Construction phase.
  
  The primary objective is to build the software system.
   In 2011, design–build continued to gain ground as a significant trend in design and construction.
  
  In March 2011, industry consultants ZweigWhite published "Design-Bid-Build meets the opposition". In it, they suggest that while Design-Bid-Build "still rules", the traditional approach is losing favor as "alternative project delivery methods threaten [the] design-bid-build model." While not referencing the architect-led design–build approach specifically, the article states that D/B already accounts for 27% of projects, according to their 2010 Project Management Survey and goes on to argue that,
   BULLET::::- 2016 – MahaNakhon opens in Bangkok, Zaha Hadid dies.
  
  BULLET::::- 2015 – Shanghai Tower in Shanghai, the tallest building in China and the second-tallest building in the world, gets completed, Charles Correa dies.
  
  BULLET::::- 2014 - One World Trade Center opens in New York City.
  
  BULLET::::- 2013 – Gran Torre Santiago is completed in Santiago.
  
  BULLET::::- 2012 – The Tokyo Skytree opens in Tokyo, The Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park is open in London for the 2012 Summer Olympics, Oscar Niemeyer dies.
  
  BULLET::::- 2011 – Al Hamra Tower, the tallest skyscraper in Kuwait, completed.
   other options include rebuilding in the original lead and wood,
  
  rebuilding with modern materials not visible from the outside (like the reinforced concrete trusses at Reims Cathedral),
  
  or a combination of restored old elements and newly designed ones.
   BULLET::::- June 15 – St Paul's Cathedral in London completes its 15-year £40 million restoration project of cleaning and repair, among the largest such projects ever undertaken in the United Kingdom.
  
  BULLET::::- November – The fourth World Architecture Festival is held in Barcelona.
  
  BULLET::::- November 3–11 – Typhoon Haiyan causes widespread destruction in Southeast Asia. Among buildings seriously damaged is Guiuan Church in the Philippines.
  
  Section::::Buildings opened.
  
  BULLET::::- January 11 – Salvador Dali Museum, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States, designed by HOK.
   One of the best-known perennially incomplete buildings is Antoni Gaudí's Sagrada Família in Barcelona, a church that has been under construction since 1882, and that is now expected to be complete in 2026.
  
  Section::::Partially constructed buildings.
  
  There are numerous unfinished buildings that remain partially constructed in countries around the world, some of which can be used in their incomplete state but with others remaining as a mere shell. Some projects are intentionally left with an unfinished appearance, particularly the follies of the late 16th to 18th century.
   BULLET::::- October 1 — Bill & Melinda Gates Hall at Cornell University is dedicated, designed by Thom Mayne of Morphosis Architects.
  
  BULLET::::- October 9 – Windhover Contemplative Center opens at Stanford University.
  
  BULLET::::- October 10 – 432 Park Avenue, the tallest residential buildings in the world is topped out.
  
  BULLET::::- November 3 – One World Trade Center in New York City, designed by David Childs of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill with Daniel Libeskind, the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, opens.
   Taking singular responsibility, the design–build team is accountable for cost, schedule and performance, under a single contract and with reduced administrative paperwork, clients can focus on the project rather than managing disparate contracts. And, by closing warranty gaps, building owners also virtually eliminate litigation claims.
  
  The DBIA's 2005 chart shows the uptake of design–build methods in non-residential design and construction in the United States.
   Many projects do not get to the construction phase and are halted during or after planning. Ludwig II of Bavaria commissioned several designs for Castle Falkenstein, with the fourth plan being vastly different from the first. The first two designs were turned down, one because of costs and one because the design displeased Ludwig, and the third designer withdrew from the project. The fourth and final plan was completed and some infrastructure was prepared for the site, but Ludwig died before construction work began. The Palace of Whitehall, at the time the largest palace in Europe, was mostly destroyed by a fire in 1698. Sir Christopher Wren, most famous for his role in rebuilding several churches after the Great Fire of London in 1666, sketched a proposed replacement for a part of the palace, but financial constraints prevented construction.
   Computer technology has allowed for 3D representations of projects to be shown before they are built. In some cases the construction is never started and the computer model is the nearest that anyone will ever get to seeing the finished piece. For example, in 1999 Kent Larson's exhibition ""Unbuilt Ruins: Digital Interpretations of Eight Projects by Louis I. Kahn"" showed computer images of designs completed by noted architect Louis Kahn but never built. Computer simulations can also be used to create prototypes of projects and test them before they are actually built; this has allowed the design process to be more successful and efficient.
   While Macron hoped the cathedral could be restored in time for the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris, architects expect the work could take from twenty to forty years, as any new structure would need to balance restoring the look of the original building, using wood and stone sourced from the same regions used in the original construction, with the structural reinforcement required for preventing a similar disaster in the future.
  
  There is discussion of whether to reconstruct the cathedral in modified form.
  
  Rebuilding the roof with titanium sheets and steel trusses has been suggested;
   Many projects do not get to the construction phase, halted during or after planning. Ludwig II of Bavaria commissioned several designs for Castle Falkenstein, with the fourth plan being vastly different from that of the first. The first two designs were turned down, one because of costs and one because the design displeased Ludwig, and the third designer withdrew from the project. The fourth and final plan was completed and some infrastructure was prepared for the site but Ludwig died before construction work began. The Palace of Whitehall, at the time the largest palace in Europe, was mostly destroyed by a fire in 1698. Sir Christopher Wren, most famous for his role in rebuilding several churches after the Great Fire of London in 1666, sketched a proposed replacement for part of the palace but financial constraints prevented construction.
   BULLET::::- May 10 – One World Trade Center becomes the tallest building in the United States and the third-tallest building in the world by pinnacle height (not yet complete).
  
  BULLET::::- June 12 – The Berlin City Palace foundation stone laying ceremony is held in Berlin. The building is expected to be completed in 2019.
  
  BULLET::::- July 11 – Work begins on a Lego model of Durham Cathedral in England, the beginning of a huge fund-raising effort.
   There are many types of in-depth specialized technical evaluations and audits. These validations generally require time, a major effort by the customer group, and a high level of funding. Normally, the most valuable methods and tools are comprehensive scans which are performance based and include metrics that can easily be measured without lab-type instruments.
  
  Evaluations and reviews, are integral part of asset and portfolio management, design, construction, commissioning.
   BULLET::::- Architectural management
  
  BULLET::::- Design–bid–build
  
  Section::::Further reading.
  
  BULLET::::- "A New Solution For Public Construction Projects: Sequential Designer-Led Design-Build", by Mark Friedlander
  
  BULLET::::- "Design-Build and Integrated Project Delivery: Narrowing the Gap" American Institute of Architects (AIA), issue 21, August 21, 2009
  
  BULLET::::- "When Is Hiring Professionals Worth It? The Bottom Line: It Depends.; Architects vs. Contractors vs. Design-Build Firms . . . There Are Several Options and No Easy Answers", by Denise DiFulco, The Washington Post, July 17, 2008
  
  BULLET::::- "'Design-Build' Trend Sweeps Redo Market; 2-Step Approach Unites Architects, Contractors" by Ann Marie Moriarty, The Washington Post, March 27, 2002
   Design and production are intertwined in many creative professional careers, meaning problem-solving is part of execution and the reverse. As the cost of rearrangement increases, the need for separating design from production increases as well. For example, a high-budget project, such as a skyscraper, requires separating (design) architecture from (production) construction. A Low-budget project, such as a locally printed office party invitation flyer, can be rearranged and printed dozens of times at the low cost of a few sheets of paper, a few drops of ink, and less than one hour's pay of a desktop publisher.
   In many jurisdictions, mandatory certification or assurance of the completed work or part of works is required. This demand for certification entails a high degree of risk - therefore, regular inspections of the work as it progresses on site is required to ensure that is in compliance with the design itself as well as with all relevant statutes and permissions.
  
  Section::::Practice.:Alternate practice and specializations.
   Others have argued that architect-led design–build still does:
  
  BULLET::::- Typical project management issues (establishing liability, writing contracts, scoping estimates and schedule) or
  
  BULLET::::- Variation across different states' licensing laws or
  
  BULLET::::- Conflict of interest and ethical issues
  
  It also imposes:
  
  BULLET::::- Greater business and financial risks associated with architect taking on general contractor responsibilities
  
  BULLET::::- Changes to the way architects do business, so they
  
  BULLET::::- Establish a construction company as a separate corporation that signs a separate construction contract, so they are able to insure and simplify liability insurance coverage
   These changes in church architecture and design have been criticized from an artistic standpoint. Many historic and irreplaceable works of art have been discarded or destroyed during these renovations. The end results of many renovations have also been criticized as unattractive and not an improvement from the pre-concilliar designs.
   A properly designed and installed extensive green-roof system can cost $108–248/m2 ($10–23/ft2) while an intensive green roof costs $355–2368/m2 ($33–220/ft2) however, since most of the materials used to build the green roof can be salvaged it is estimated that the cost of replacing a green roof is generally one third of the initial installation costs.
  
  With the initial cost of installing a green roof in mind, there are many financial benefits that accompany green roofing.
  
presuppositions: Notre Dame in Paris would just be building a new roof. Because the tallest building in the world was built in 5 years, the roof of Notre Dame should not take as nearly as long to build. 
corrections: Notre Dame in Paris would not just be building a new roof, it will be a restoration process which takes time. Notre Dame in Paris would not just be building a new roof, it also includes a restoration process which will make it much time consuming to finish. 
raw_presuppositions: Notre Dame in Paris would just be building a new roof. Because the tallest building in the world was built in 5 years, the roof of Notre Dame should not take as nearly as long to build.  Notre Dame in Paris would just be building a new roof.
raw_corrections: Notre Dame in Paris would not just be building a new roof, it will be a restoration process which takes time. Notre Dame in Paris would not just be building a new roof, it also includes a restoration process which will make it much time consuming to finish.  Notre Dame in Paris would not just be building a new roof, it will be a restoration process which takes time.