question: Why do electric ovens preheat so slowly, and yet electric kettles heat so quickly?
comment: Water conducts heat much more efficiently than air. An electric kettle's heating element directly heats the water (well, close enough - there's usually a very thin electrical, but not thermal, insulator between the heating element and the water filled chamber), allowing a rapid heat transfer. An oven however, is heating the air inside it, which is a far less efficient medium for distributing heat. You can see for yourself just how effective water is v. air - if you put your hand in very hot water, you risk a burn almost immediately, but sticking your hand in a hot oven is no big deal. /Edit - a typo.
passages: A direct on line starter can be used if the high inrush current of the motor does not cause excessive voltage drop in the supply circuit. The maximum size of a motor allowed on a direct on line starter may be limited by the supply utility for this reason. For example, a utility may require rural customers to use reduced-voltage starters for motors larger than 10 kW.
   In countries with 240 V mains electricity, electric kettles are commonly used to boil water without the necessity of a stove top. The heating element is typically fully enclosed, with a power rating of 2–3 kW. This means that the current draw for an electric kettle is upwards 10 A, which is a sizeable proportion of the current available for a typical home: the main fuse of most homes varies between 20 and 100 A. For this reason electric kettles, while available, are much less popular in countries with 110 V mains electricity, where electric sockets are often current limited to providing around 1.5 kWs.
   Sometimes a supply of an unknown amount of instant hot water is required, for example when cooking risotto boiling water must be added instantly as needed. This can only be achieved with a kettle by boiling the maximum amount that can be needed; in cases of this nature the instant water heater, which heats and dispenses only what is needed, is always more efficient.
   Modern ovens are typically fueled by either natural gas or electricity, with bottle gas models available but not common. When an oven is contained in a complete stove, the fuel used for the oven may be the same as or different from the fuel used for the burners on top of the stove.
   BULLET::::- Sandwich toaster
  
  BULLET::::- Self-cleaning oven
  
  BULLET::::- Shichirin
  
  BULLET::::- Slow cooker
  
  BULLET::::- Solar cooker
  
  BULLET::::- Sous-vide cooker
  
  BULLET::::- Soy milk maker
  
  BULLET::::- Stove
  
  BULLET::::- Susceptor
  
  BULLET::::- Tabun oven
  
  BULLET::::- Tandoor
  
  BULLET::::- Tangia
  
  BULLET::::- Thermal immersion circulator
  
  BULLET::::- Toaster and toaster ovens
  
  BULLET::::- Turkey fryer
  
  BULLET::::- Vacuum fryer
  
  BULLET::::- Waffle iron
  
  BULLET::::- Wet grinder
  
  BULLET::::- Wood-fired oven
  
  Section::::Cooking appliances.:Boilers.
  
  BULLET::::- Coffee percolator
  
  BULLET::::- Coffeemaker
  
  BULLET::::- Electric water boiler
  
  BULLET::::- Instant hot water dispenser
  
  Section::::See also.
  
  BULLET::::- Appliance recycling
  
  BULLET::::- Cooker
  
  BULLET::::- Food processing
  
  BULLET::::- Induction cooking
  
  BULLET::::- List of cooking techniques
  
  BULLET::::- List of food preparation utensils
   Section::::Turbine engines.
  
  In contrast to reciprocating fuel injected engines, a hot start in a turbine type engine is the "result" of improper starting technique and not simply the condition of starting an engine which is hot due to having been recently run and shutdown.
   Most pellet stoves are self-igniting and cycle themselves on and off under thermostatic control. Stoves with automatic ignition can be equipped with remote controls. Recent innovations include integrated microcontroller monitoring of various safety conditions and can run diagnostic tests if an imminent problem arises.
   Across-the line starting of induction motors is accompanied by inrush currents up to 7-10 times higher than running current, and starting torque up to 3 times higher than running torque. The increased torque results in sudden mechanical stress on the machine which leads to a reduced service life. Moreover, the high inrush current stresses the power supply, which may lead to voltage dips. As a result, lifespan of sensitive equipment may be reduced.
   In the United States, as of early 2013 there are over five dozen brands of induction-cooking equipment available, including both build-in and countertop residential equipment and commercial-grade equipment. Even restricting to build-in residential-use units, there are over two dozen brands being sold; residential countertop units add another two-dozen-plus brands to the count.
   The above table tells us that the surface temperature of a piece of electrical equipment with a temperature classification of T3 will not rise above 200 °C.
  
  Section::::Temperature classification.:Auto-ignition temperatures.
  
  The auto-ignition temperature of a liquid, gas or vapor is the lowest temperature at atmospheric pressure at which the substance will ignite without any external heat source, such as a spark or flame. This is used for classification of temperature class for industry and technology applications. The exact temperature value determined depends on the laboratory test conditions and apparatus. Such temperatures for common substances are:
   Electric ignition for ovens uses a "hot surface" or "glow bar" ignitor. Basically it is a heating element that heats up to gas's ignition temperature. A sensor detects when the glow bar is hot enough and opens the gas valve.
  
  Also stoves with electric ignition must be connected with gas protection mechanisms such as gas control breaker. Because of this many manufacturers supply stoves without electricity plug.
  
  Section::::Features of a Gas Stove.
  
  Section::::Features of a Gas Stove.:1. Burner Heat.
   BULLET::::- Food steamer
  
  BULLET::::- Fufu Machine
  
  BULLET::::- Halogen oven
  
  BULLET::::- Haybox
  
  BULLET::::- Horno
  
  BULLET::::- Hot box (appliance)
  
  BULLET::::- Hot plate
  
  BULLET::::- Instant Pot
  
  BULLET::::- Kamado
  
  BULLET::::- Kettle
  
  BULLET::::- Kitchener range
  
  BULLET::::- Kujiejun
  
  BULLET::::- Kyoto box
  
  BULLET::::- Makiyakinabe
  
  BULLET::::- Masonry oven
  
  BULLET::::- Mess kit
  
  BULLET::::- Microwave oven
  
  BULLET::::- Multicooker
  
  BULLET::::- Oven
  
  BULLET::::- Pancake machine
  
  BULLET::::- Panini sandwich grill
  
  BULLET::::- Popcorn maker
  
  BULLET::::- Pressure cooker
  
  BULLET::::- Pressure fryer
  
  BULLET::::- Reflector oven
  
  BULLET::::- Remoska
  
  BULLET::::- Rice cooker
  
  BULLET::::- Rice polisher
  
  BULLET::::- Roasting jack
  
  BULLET::::- Rocket mass heater
  
  BULLET::::- Rotimatic
  
  BULLET::::- Rotisserie
  
  BULLET::::- Russian oven
  
  BULLET::::- Sabbath mode
  
  BULLET::::- Salamander broiler
  
  BULLET::::- Samovar
   As soon as the ignition is switched on current flows to the first "Startix" solenoid and current flows from battery to starter. The generator delivers current once the engine starts and part of it goes to a second "Startix" solenoid that switches off the current from battery to starter. If the engine and generator stop, then that second solenoid switches on the current from the battery to the starter. There are many further refinements associated with the plain relay.
  
  Section::::Market.
   Once working pressure was attained, early steam cars could be instantly driven off with high acceleration; but they typically take several minutes to start from cold, plus time to get the burner to operating temperature. To overcome this, development has been directed toward flash boilers, which heat a much smaller quantity of water to get the vehicle started, and in the case of Doble cars, spark ignition diesel burners.
   The external reactor coil method for a second starting stage has merit, as the voltage to the motor is a function of the motor current taken from the line. It can be seen that during a second stage with a series reactor, that during acceleration the motor voltage will rise as the line current drops. This relationship results in greater acceleration energy to a higher motor speed and less disturbance at changeover to full line voltage.
  
  General Electric engineers attempted to improve Korndörfer Methods but neither methods proposed were successful.
   Modern kitchen stoves often have a "stovetop" or "cooktop" (American English; known as the "hob" in British English) as well as an oven. A "drop-in range" is a combination stovetop-and-oven unit that installs in a kitchen's lower cabinets flush with the countertop. Most modern stoves come in a unit with built-in extractor hoods. Professional chefs often prefer gas stovetops, for they allow them to control the heat more finely and more quickly. Today's major brands offer both gas and electric stoves, and many also offer dual-fuel ranges combining a gas stovetop and an electric oven.
  
  Section::::History.
  
  Section::::History.:Early kitchen stoves.
   Four EE-451A engines are isolated in H class with maximum temperature allowed of 180 °C. They have four main and four commutative poles.
   Electric boilers may rely on immersion heater resistance heating elements to heat water, or may use electric current passing directly through the water as an electrode boiler. 
  
  Section::::Control and safety.
  
  Even the tabletop appliance will have a control switch or at least an over temperature cut out to prevent fire if the appliance is started with no water in it. Larger installations have more elaborate controls to ensure that sufficient water supply is available to prevent burn out of the heating elements. These may include interlocks, pressure switches or other measures. 
   An electric pressure cooker integrates a timer. Depending on cooking control capability, there are three generations of electric pressure cookers:
  
  BULLET::::- First-generation Electric, with mechanical timer. There is no delayed cooking capability.
  
  BULLET::::- Second-generation Electric, with digital controller. Delayed cooking becomes possible and the controller shows a countdown timer when working pressure is reached.
  
  BULLET::::- Third-generation Electric, with smart programming, which includes pre-set cooking times and settings based on heating intensity, temperature, pressure and duration.
   Compared to electric starters, air-starters have a higher power-to-weight ratio. Electric starters and their wiring can become excessively hot if it takes longer than expected to start the engine, while air-starters can run as long as their air supply lasts. Air-starters are much simpler and are compatible with turbine engines, and thus are used on many designs of large turbofan engine that are installed on commercial and military aircraft.
  
  Section::::See also.
  
  BULLET::::- AVPIN - A monofuel used to power turbojet starter motors.
  
  BULLET::::- Coffman engine starter - A similar system which uses an explosive cartridge to supply gas pressure.
   BULLET::::- Cooking, such as on a hot plate or with a microwave oven
  
  BULLET::::- Heating, such as an electric heater
  
  BULLET::::- Cooling, such as air conditioning or a fan
  
  BULLET::::- Lighting, using light fixtures
  
  BULLET::::- Beverage-making, such as electric kettles, coffeemakers or iced tea-makers
  
  Section::::Prices.
   Another method of air-starting an internal combustion engine is by using compressed air or gas to drive a fluid motor in place of an electric motor. They can be used to start engines from 5 to 320 liters in size and if more starting power is necessary two or more motors can be used. Starters of this type are used in place of electric motors because of their lighter weight and higher reliability. They can also outlast an electric starter by a factor of three and are easier to rebuild. Engines operating in underground mining activities tend to operate on this type of starter system to reduce the risk of an electrical system igniting flammable material.
   A soft starter eliminates the undesired side effects. Several types based on control of the supply voltage or mechanical devices such as slip clutches were developed. The list provides an overview of the various electric start-up types. The current and torque characteristic curves show the behavior of the respective starter solution.
  
  Torque surges entail high mechanical stress on the machine, which results in higher service costs and increased wear. High currents and current peaks lead to high fixed costs charged by the power supply companies (peak current calculation) and to increased mains and generator loads.
   Water heaters can explode with surprising violence when their safety devices fail.
  
  Section::::Steam explosions.:Reactor explosions.
   BULLET::::- Gas or induction stove: In smaller kitchens, there are only one or two burners, while more often it is three to four burners, with a narrow grill underneath for fish or vegetables. In the low-end apartments, stoves are often not built-in but rather a counter-top appliance, which is attached with a hose to a gas or power outlet. In case of earthquakes, the gas tap is to be turned off to prevent fires.
  
  BULLET::::- Electric rice cooker: Over 95% of Japanese houses have one.
  
  BULLET::::- Electric water boiler or kettle, particularly for making tea, but also instant ramen
  