question: How can damaged headphones command mobile devices by moving?
comment: The headphone jack is a very simple connection with basically two signal wires carrying the left and right analog audio. There are no additional wires for sending any signals from the control buttons back to the player. So what can you do as an engineer to implement pause/skip buttons on the headphone wire when there's nothing to carry the signal back? Well, your button can briefly interrupt the left channel connection, another button can briefly interrupt the right channel connection, or can briefly connect them together. Or change the resistance of one of the wires for example. On the player side you can electrically detect this, and make an action. When your headphone cable gets damaged to the point it is causing such interruptions, the player interprets them as button presses according to whatever it was built to do.
passages: By 2019, mobile devices often contained sensors such as accelerometers, magnetometers and gyroscopes, allowing detection of orientation and motion. Mobile devices may provide biometric user authentication such as face recognition or fingerprint recognition.
  
  Major global manufacturers of mobile devices are Apple, Samsung, Sony, Google, HTC, LG, Motorola Mobility and Nokia.
  
  Section::::Characteristics.
  
  Device mobility can be viewed in the context of several dimensions:
  
  BULLET::::- Physical dimensions and weight
  
  BULLET::::- Whether or not the device is mobile or some kind of host to which it is attached to is mobile
  
  BULLET::::- What kind of host devices can be bound to
   BULLET::::- The "Topobo" system. The blocks in Topobo are like LEGO blocks which can be snapped together, but can also move by themselves using motorized components. A person can push, pull, and twist these blocks, and the blocks can memorize these movements and replay them.
   Over-the-air programming (OTA) capabilities are considered a main component of mobile network operator and enterprise-grade mobile device management software. These include the ability to remotely configure a single mobile device, an entire fleet of mobile devices or any IT-defined set of mobile devices; send software and OS updates; remotely lock and wipe a device, which protects the data stored on the device when it is lost or stolen; and remote troubleshooting. OTA commands are sent as a binary SMS message. Binary SMS is a message including binary data.
   If the USB drive has no protection switch, a blocker can be used to mount the drive in a read-only mode or, in an exceptional case, the memory chip can be desoldered. The SIM and memory cards need a card reader to make the copy. The SIM card is soundly analyzed, such that it is possible to recover (deleted) data like contacts or text messages.
  
  The Android operating system includes the dd command. In a blog post on Android forensic techniques, a method to live image an Android device using the dd command is demonstrated.
  
  Section::::Tools.:Non-forensic commercial tools.
   A manually teleoperated robot is totally under control of a driver with a joystick or other control device. The device may be plugged directly into the robot, may be a wireless joystick, or may be an accessory to a wireless computer or other controller. A tele-op'd robot is typically used to keep the operator out of harm's way. Examples of manual remote robots include Robotics Design's ANATROLLER ARI-100 and ARI-50, Foster-Miller's Talon, iRobot's PackBot, and KumoTek's MK-705 Roosterbot.
  
  Section::::Mobile robot navigation.:Guarded tele-op.
   Seizing mobile devices is covered by the same legal considerations as other digital media. Mobiles will often be recovered switched on; as the aim of seizure is to preserve evidence, the device will often be transported in the same state to avoid a shutdown, which would change files. In addition, the investigator or first responder would risk user lock activation.
   BULLET::::- Capacitive tablets:These tablets have also been designed to use an electrostatic or capacitive signal. Scriptel's designs are one example of a high-performance tablet detecting an electrostatic signal. Unlike the type of capacitive design used for touchscreens, the Scriptel design is able to detect the position of the pen while it is in proximity to or hovering above the tablet. Many multi-touch tablets use capacitive sensing.
   In 2015, researchers at the French government agency Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information (ANSSI) demonstrated the capability to trigger the voice interface of certain smartphones remotely by using "specific electromagnetic waveforms". The exploit took advantage of antenna-properties of headphone wires while plugged into the audio-output jacks of the vulnerable smartphones and effectively spoofed audio input to inject commands via the audio interface.
  
  Section::::Attacks based on hardware vulnerabilities.:Juice Jacking.
   In 2018 two distinct research teams from Minnesota's Mayo Clinic and Kentucky's University of Louisville managed to restore some mobility to patients suffering from paraplegia with an electronic spinal cord stimulator. The theory behind the new spinal cord stimulator is that in certain cases of spinal cord injury the spinal nerves between the brain and the legs are still alive, but just dormant. On 1 November 2018 a third distinct research team from the University of Lausanne published similar results with a similar stimulation technique in the journal Nature.
   Mobile forensics tools tend to consist of both a hardware and software component. Mobile phones come with a diverse range of connectors, the hardware devices support a number of different cables and perform the same role as a write blocker in computer devices.
  
  Section::::Software forensics.
   BULLET::::- A "headset bearing cup press" is a bearing press specifically for pressing in interference-fit headset cups. Most sets come with special stepped bushings or adapters that contact the cups, preventing damage when installed. Some manufacturers (e.g. Chris King) also make proprietary adapters for installing their headsets.
   When in use, a compatible Samsung Galaxy device acts as the headset's display and processor, while the Gear VR unit itself acts as the controller, which contains the field of view, as well as a custom inertial measurement unit, or IMU, for rotational tracking, which connects to the smartphone via USB-C or micro-USB. The Gear VR headset also includes a touchpad and back button on the side, as well as a proximity sensor to detect when the headset is on.
   Spherical cells and pyramidal cells then project to the torus semicircularis (TS), a structure with many laminae, or layers. The TS is located in the mesencephalon. Phase and amplitude information are integrated here to determine whether the stimulus frequency is greater or less than the EOD frequency. Sign-selective neurons in the deeper layers of the TS are selective to whether the frequency difference is positive or negative; any given sign-selective cell will fire in one case but not for the other.
  
  Section::::Neurobiology.:Pathway in Gymnotiformes.:Output.
   Section::::Smartphone and tablet implementation.
  
  BlackBerry 10.2 implements Host Mode (like in the BlackBerry Z30 handset). Nokia has implemented USB OTG in many of their Symbian cellphones such as Nokia N8, C6-01, C7, Oro, E6, E7, X7, 603, 700, 701 and 808 Pureview. Some high-end Android phones produced by HTC, and Sony under Xperia series also have it. Samsung Android version 3.1 or newer supports USB OTG, but not on all devices.
  
  BULLET::::- Host-powered: Sony Ericsson Xperia pro
  
  BULLET::::- Needs external USB-power: Motorola Droid 4
   The device can be calibrated using the wheel at the top of the headset. A trackpad is located on the right of the device and back button is located just above it. Volume can be adjusted through the volume rockers also found on the right hand side.
   Section::::ESD-safe working.
  
  Often an ESD-safe foam or ESD-safe bag are required for transporting such components. When working with them, a technician will often use a grounding mat or other grounding tool to keep from damaging the equipment. A technician may also wear antistatic garments or an antistatic wrist strap
  
  There are several kinds of ESD protective materials:
  
  BULLET::::- Conductive: Materials with an electrical resistance between 1kΩ and 1MΩ
  
  BULLET::::- Dissipative: Materials with an electrical resistance between 1MΩ and 1TΩ
  
  BULLET::::- Shielding: Materials that attenuate current and electrical fields
   The TrueSmart is powered by an ARM7 MediaTek MT6572 chipset running Android 4.2.2 and a ROM also known as OUI - Omate User Interface. 
   On Media Go, you are also able to copy the media and put it on third party devices (i.e. devices not made by Sony) such as handheld game consoles, smartphones, and MP3 players. To do this you cannot copy from Media Go, you must use a different method unless you are using a PSP, PS Vita, Sony Xperia Smartphone, Sony Xperia Tablet, or Sony WALKMAN.
   Section::::Products.:Bragi OS.:Bragi OS features.:Touch lock.
  
  The user can deactivate the touch interface of The Dash to prevent unintended interaction with the device. This is done by a short hold on both left and right Dash at the same time. While Touch Lock is activated, no interaction with the touch interface is possible. To activate the touch interface, the user needs to remove the left Dash and insert into ear again.
  
  Section::::Products.:Bragi OS.:Bragi OS features.:WindShield.
   In recent years a number of hardware/software tools have emerged to recover logical and physical evidence from mobile devices. Most tools consist of both hardware and software portions. The hardware includes a number of cables to connect the mobile device to the acquisition machine; the software exists to extract the evidence and, occasionally even to analyse it.
   BULLET::::- Tomographic motion detector: These systems sense disturbances to radio waves as they pass from node to node of a mesh network. They have the ability to detect over large areas completely because they can sense through walls and other obstructions.
   The following neural detectors are used to detect horizontal and vertical opponent motion due by pooling together the output of previous local motion energy detectors into two adjacent subfields. Local motion detectors that have the same direction preference are combined into the same subfield. These detectors were modeled after neurons sensitive to opponent motion such as the ones in MT and medial superior temporal (MST). Also, KO/V3B has been associated with processing edges, moving objects, and opponent motion. Patients with damage to dorsal pathway areas but an intact KO/V3B, as seen in patient AF can still perceive biological motion.
   BULLET::::- How devices are attached to a host
  
  BULLET::::- When the mobility occurs
   Each participating device in OMA DRM 2.0 has an individual DRM Public key infrastructure (PKI) certificate, with a public key and the corresponding private key. Each Rights Object (RO) is individually protected for one receiving device by encrypting it with the device public key. The RO in turn contains the key that is used to decrypt the media object. Delivery of Rights Objects requires a registration with the Rights Issuer (the entity distributing Rights Objects). During this registration, the device certificate is usually validated against a device blacklist by means of an Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) verification. Thus, devices known to be hacked can be excluded once they try to register with an Rights Issuer in order to receive new Rights Objects so they can access the content.
   The Dash has a touch-controlled interface on the lower half of each earphone, where the user can interact with the device through taps, swipes and holds. For instance, when not connected to a Bluetooth device, a short hold on the right Dash will start the internal music player menu. While in the menu, short holding again on the right Dash will exit the menu. A single tap on the right Dash plays or pauses the music from internal or external player. It is also possible to deactivate the touch interface with Touch Lock when the user is wearing hoodies, helmets or something similar when using The Dash to prevent unintended triggering of various events.
  