question: How are there different temperatures of fire?
comment: Fire happens when something changes its form. Some things take less energy to go through this change. Heat is the release of energy. So fire is sometimes more or less energetic than other fires.
passages: When looking at a flame's temperature there are many factors which can change or apply. An important one is that a flame's color does not necessarily determine a temperature comparison because black-body radiation is not the only thing that produces or determines the color seen; therefore it is only an estimation of temperature. Other factors that determine its temperature are:
  
  BULLET::::- Adiabatic flame; i.e., no loss of heat to the atmosphere (may differ in certain parts)
  
  BULLET::::- Atmospheric pressure
  
  BULLET::::- Percentage oxygen content of the atmosphere
   Section::::Physical properties.:Flame temperatures.:Typical temperatures of flames.
  
  The "adiabatic flame temperature" of a given fuel and oxidizer pair indicates the temperature at which the gases achieve stable combustion.
  
  BULLET::::- Oxy–dicyanoacetylene
  
  BULLET::::- Oxy–acetylene
  
  BULLET::::- Oxyhydrogen
  
  BULLET::::- Air–acetylene
  
  BULLET::::- Blowtorch (air–MAPP gas)
  
  BULLET::::- Bunsen burner (air–natural gas)
  
  BULLET::::- Candle (air–paraffin)
  
  BULLET::::- Smoldering cigarette:
  
  BULLET::::- Temperature without drawing: side of the lit portion; ; middle of the lit portion:
  
  BULLET::::- Temperature during drawing: middle of the lit portion:
  
  BULLET::::- Always hotter in the middle.
  
  Section::::Fire ecology.
   BULLET::::- the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio formula_9;
  
  BULLET::::- the specific heat capacity of fuel and air;
  
  BULLET::::- the air and fuel inlet temperatures.
  
  The adiabatic combustion temperature (also known as the "adiabatic flame temperature") increases for higher heating values and inlet air and fuel temperatures and for stoichiometric air ratios approaching one.
  
  Most commonly, the adiabatic combustion temperatures for coals are around (for inlet air and fuel at ambient temperatures and for formula_10), around for oil and for natural gas.
   It is true that objects at specific temperatures do radiate visible light. Objects whose surface is at a temperature above approximately will glow, emitting light at a color that indicates the temperature of that surface. See the section on red heat for more about this effect. It is a misconception that one can judge the temperature of a fire by the color of its flames or the sparks in the flames. For many reasons, chemically and optically, these colors may not match the red/orange/yellow/white heat temperatures on the chart. Barium nitrate burns a bright green, for instance, and this is not present on the heat chart.
   Fire is hot because the conversion of the weak double bond in molecular oxygen, O, to the stronger bonds in the combustion products carbon dioxide and water releases energy (418 kJ per 32 g of O); the bond energies of the fuel play only a minor role here. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition point, flames are produced. The "flame" is the visible portion of the fire. Flames consist primarily of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen and nitrogen. If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce plasma. Depending on the substances alight, and any impurities outside, the color of the flame and the fire's intensity will be different.
   Section::::Cooking oils and fats (kitchen fires).
  
  Class K fires involve unsaturated cooking oils in well-insulated cooking appliances located in commercial kitchens.
   In daily life, the vast majority of flames one encounters are those caused by rapid oxidation of hydrocarbons in materials such as wood, wax, fat, plastics, propane, and gasoline. The constant-pressure adiabatic flame temperature of such substances in air is in a relatively narrow range around 1950 °C. This is because, in terms of stoichiometry, the combustion of an organic compound with "n" carbons involves breaking roughly 2"n" C–H bonds, "n" C–C bonds, and 1.5"n" O bonds to form roughly "n" CO molecules and "n" HO molecules.
   Section::::Explanation.
  
  When two bodies of different temperatures meet, the hotter body will cool off, and the cooler body will heat up, until they are separated or until they meet at a temperature in between. What that temperature is, and how quickly it is reached, depends on the thermodynamic properties of the two bodies. The important properties are temperature, density, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity.
   The following is a table of some constant-pressure molar heat capacities "c" of various diatomic gases at standard temperature (25 °C = 298 K), at 500 °C, and at 5000 °C, and the apparent number of degrees of freedom "f" estimated by the formula "f" = 2"c"/"R" − 2:
   Flame color depends on several factors, the most important typically being black-body radiation and spectral band emission, with both spectral line emission and spectral line absorption playing smaller roles. In the most common type of flame, hydrocarbon flames, the most important factor determining color is oxygen supply and the extent of fuel-oxygen pre-mixing, which determines the rate of combustion and thus the temperature and reaction paths, thereby producing different color hues.
   Color and temperature of a flame are dependent on the type of fuel involved in the combustion, as, for example, when a lighter is held to a candle. The applied heat causes the fuel molecules in the candle wax to vaporize. In this state they can then readily react with oxygen in the air, which gives off enough heat in the subsequent exothermic reaction to vaporize yet more fuel, thus sustaining a consistent flame. The high temperature of the flame causes the vaporized fuel molecules to decompose, forming various incomplete combustion products and free radicals, and these products then react with each other and with the oxidizer involved in the reaction. Sufficient energy in the flame will excite the electrons in some of the transient reaction intermediates such as the methylidyne radical (CH) and diatomic carbon (C), which results in the emission of visible light as these substances release their excess energy (see spectrum below for an explanation of which specific radical species produce which specific colors). As the combustion temperature of a flame increases (if the flame contains small particles of unburnt carbon or other material), so does the average energy of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the flame (see Black body).
   and use the equilibrium constant for this reaction, we will have enough variables to complete the calculation.
  
  Different fuels with different levels of energy and molar constituents will have different adiabatic flame temperatures.
   The difference between the two heating values depends on the chemical composition of the fuel. In the case of pure carbon or carbon monoxide, the two heating values are almost identical, the difference being the sensible heat content of carbon dioxide between 150 °C and 25 °C (sensible heat exchange causes a change of temperature. In contrast, latent heat is added or subtracted for phase transitions at constant temperature. Examples: heat of vaporization or heat of fusion). For hydrogen the difference is much more significant as it includes the sensible heat of water vapor between 150 °C and 100 °C, the latent heat of condensation at 100 °C, and the sensible heat of the condensed water between 100 °C and 25 °C. All in all, the higher heating value of hydrogen is 18.2% above its lower heating value (142 MJ/kg vs. 120 MJ/kg). For hydrocarbons the difference depends on the hydrogen content of the fuel. For gasoline and diesel the higher heating value exceeds the lower heating value by about 10% and 7% respectively, and for natural gas about 11%.
   Both HHV and LHV can be expressed in terms of AR (all moisture counted), MF and MAF (only water from combustion of hydrogen). AR, MF, and MAF are commonly used for indicating the heating values of coal:
  
  BULLET::::- AR (as received) indicates that the fuel heating value has been measured with all moisture- and ash-forming minerals present.
  
  BULLET::::- MF (moisture-free) or dry indicates that the fuel heating value has been measured after the fuel has been dried of all inherent moisture but still retaining its ash-forming minerals.
   Harry Julius Emeléus was the first to record their emission spectra, and in 1929 he coined the term "cold flame".
  
  Section::::Parameters.
   Because most combustion processes that happen naturally occur in the open air, there is nothing that confines the gas to a particular volume like the cylinder in an engine. As a result, these substances will burn at a constant pressure allowing the gas to expand during the process.
  
  Section::::Common flame temperatures.
  
  Assuming initial atmospheric conditions (1 bar and 20 °C), the following table lists the adiabatic flame temperature for various gases under constant pressure conditions. The temperatures mentioned here are for a stoichiometric fuel-oxidizer mixture (i.e. equivalence ratio "φ" = 1).
   Adherence to these two principles is furthered by making material and heat balances on the combustion process. The material balance directly relates the air/fuel ratio to the percentage of in the combustion gas. The heat balance relates the heat available for the charge to the overall net heat produced by fuel combustion. Additional material and heat balances can be made to quantify the thermal advantage from preheating the combustion air, or enriching it in oxygen.
  
  Section::::Reaction mechanism.
   Assuming perfect combustion conditions, such as complete combustion under adiabatic conditions (i.e., no heat loss or gain), the adiabatic combustion temperature can be determined. The formula that yields this temperature is based on the first law of thermodynamics and takes note of the fact that the heat of combustion is used entirely for heating the fuel, the combustion air or oxygen, and the combustion product gases (commonly referred to as the "flue gas").
  
  In the case of fossil fuels burnt in air, the combustion temperature depends on all of the following:
  
  BULLET::::- the heating value;
   In fires (particularly house fires), the cooler flames are often red and produce the most smoke. Here the red color compared to typical yellow color of the flames suggests that the temperature is lower. This is because there is a lack of oxygen in the room and therefore there is incomplete combustion and the flame temperature is low, often just . This means that a lot of carbon monoxide is formed (which is a flammable gas) which is when there is greatest risk of backdraft. When this occurs, combustible gases at or above the flash point of spontaneous combustion are exposed to oxygen, carbon monoxide and superheated hydrocarbons combust, and temporary temperatures of up to occur.
   BULLET::::- energy/volume of the fuel
  
  There are two kinds of heat of combustion, called higher and lower heating value, depending on how much the products are allowed to cool and whether compounds like are allowed to condense.
   BULLET::::- A wood fire at 1500 K puts out peak radiation at about 2000 nm. 98% of its radiation is at wavelengths longer than 1000 nm, and only a tiny proportion at visible wavelengths (390–700 nm). Consequently, a campfire can keep one warm but is a poor source of visible light.
   The constant volume adiabatic flame temperature is the temperature that results from a complete combustion process that occurs without any work, heat transfer or changes in kinetic or potential energy. Its temperature is higher than the "constant pressure" process because no energy is utilized to change the volume of the system (i.e., generate work).
  
  Section::::Common flames.
   Ash fusion temperatures are determined by viewing a moulded specimen of the coal ash through an observation window in a high-temperature furnace. The ash, in the form of a cone, pyramid or cube, is heated steadily past 1000 °C to as high a temperature as possible, preferably . The following temperatures are recorded;
  
  BULLET::::- "Deformation temperature": This is reached when the corners of the mould first become rounded
  
  BULLET::::- "Softening (sphere) temperature": This is reached when the top of the mould takes on a spherical shape.
   In combustion engines, various steps are taken to eliminate a flame. The method depends mainly on whether the fuel is oil, wood, or a high-energy fuel such as jet fuel.
  
  Section::::Physical properties.:Flame temperatures.
  
  Section::::Physical properties.:Flame temperatures.:Temperatures of flames by appearance.
   Adiabatic flame temperature
  
  In the study of combustion, there are two types of adiabatic flame temperature depending on how the process is completed: the "constant volume" and "constant pressure;" both of which describe temperature that combustion products theoretically can reach if no energy is lost to the outside environment.
  