question: Why most of round trip tickets are cheaper than one way?
comment: Domestically they're not. One way is usually a bit over half as much as a round trip flight. International is a different story. If an airline flies you into a country and then that country refuses to allow you to enter, then *regardless of why you were refused entry* the airline needs to pay to fly you back. There are also very, very few people who fly international one way, so airlines are extremely suspicious about anyone who does. Because of the risk that international one way passengers pose to airlines, as well as their rarity, airlines just assume that a high percentage of such passengers will be rejected by the destination country and bake the weighted average cost of a return ticket into the one way ticket price.
passages: Section::::Specialist travel agencies.
   Section::::Structure.
   Throwaway ticketing is purchasing a ticket with the intent to use only a portion of the included travel. This situation may arise when a passenger wants to travel only one way, but where the discounted round-trip excursion fare is cheaper than a one-way ticket. This can happen on mainline carriers where all one-way tickets are full price. For instance, a passenger only intending to fly from Los Angeles to New York may find the one-way ticket costs $800, but that the round-trip fare is $500. The passenger, therefore, purchases the round trip from Los Angeles to New York and back to Los Angeles, boards the flight to New York, but stays in New York and "throws away" the second half of the ticket by not showing up for the return flight. It is only possible to "throw away" the final segment(s) of a ticket, because throwing away a segment by not showing up for the outbound trip will often lead to the airline's canceling the entire reservation.
   In the case of a passenger that wants to stay at the destination for more than 365 days (12 months in one year) then a one-way ticket is advised by airlines and travel agents (as normal return tickets are valid for 12 months or 365 days).
  
  One way tickets are more expensive (especially when the origin of travel is from one zone to another zone) but if within the same zone then it can be half of the return ticket price.
   Tickets are issued for adults with the status code GPS-3. Children can travel on adult tickets where this is necessary to bring a group up to the minimum requirement for the concession. There are no Groupsave discounts available on child fares. An alternative for TOCs is to use their own child flat fares where available in combination with adult GroupSave to offer discounts to mixed groups.
   In some cases, this type of arrangement is needed for boat cruises that do not return to the departure city. In other cases, the traveller wishes to explore between two points and using alternative transport (e.g. buses, trains, ferries or flights on another ticket). For example, a traveller might fly from London to Bangkok, travel around Thailand by public transport and fly back home to London from Phuket. Another example would be a traveller flying from New York City to London, travelling around different countries in Europe by taking buses / trains or low-cost carrier flights, then returning from Vilnius. Open-jaw tickets are a flexible and relatively inexpensive way of flying as they are priced as a round-trip ticket, in most cases less expensive than purchasing two one-way flights between the destinations visited.
   This version has six designated 'long route' destination tickets, therefore the distribution of destination tickets at the beginning is different as compared to the base game. Each player is dealt four destination tickets, one of which is a 'long' ticket, and must keep at least two.
   Another loophole is when tickets are cheaper when booked early. Business travellers often book late, but for bigger companies cheaper tickets could be booked early on frequent routes, and be given to travellers when needing them. Some people have bought early tickets for popular routes and sold them later over the net. This is avoided by airlines by requiring a correct name and claiming high fees for changing that name. This has affected tourists who have misspelt their names, or changed names by marriage.
  
  Section::::Examples.
  
  Section::::Examples.:Hong Kong.
   In addition to being noted in top seller lists, publications across the country have looked to Coast to Coast Tickets as a reference in stories and articles about the secondary ticket market, including Bloomberg.com, Red Herring, GQ Magazine, American Way, the Miami Herald, the Austin Business Journal, the Chicago Tribune, the Boston Globe and the San Francisco Chronicle.
   Typically, although travellers "dislike" all time spent travelling, they dislike walking and waiting parts of the journey more than in-vehicle journey time, and thus would be willing to pay more to avoid them. This results in a higher value of time for those parts of the journey than the main in-vehicle part of the journey. The function "u(w)" mentioned earlier can therefore be considered to consist of differing sets of valued time.
   Section::::Railcards.
  
  Before the rail network was privatised, British Rail introduced several discount cards that were available to certain groups of people. Various reasons are usually cited:
  
  BULLET::::- To encourage off-peak and leisure travel
  
  BULLET::::- To provide greater access to rail services for low-income groups, creating a social benefit
  
  BULLET::::- To generate new sources of income: certain groups of people may be encouraged to perform a modal switch to rail transport if given the benefit of cheaper fares
   Players may draw train cards, a new destination card, or claim a colored route on their turn. To claim a route, a player must pay with a combination of same-colored cards including locomotives which serve as wild cards. Once a route is claimed, no other player may claim it; some routes feature double routes which allow up to two players to claim it, but only if four or five players are playing. In two or three-player games, the double routes can only be claimed by one person. The players immediately earn points for each successful route they claim. At the end of the game, players earn the points listed on the destination card. If a player decides to pick a new destination card, he draws three cards and may choose any of the cards; however, the player "must" pick at least one destination.
   Within North America, the usefulness of this strategy has diminished materially, as most airlines have abandoned the discount for a Saturday-night stay-over for these types of trips. However, many intercontinental round-trip tickets still have minimum length of stay requirements. Back-to-back ticketing is useful with tickets when there is a minimum length of stay on the discount (e.g., 7 days), and the traveler needs to stay only in the destination for a shorter period of time.
  
  Section::::Legal status.
   Adult fares can vary from as little as €10 to a maximum of €115 per journey depending on the time of the journey and how far it is booked in advance. Supplementary fees are as follows:
  
  BULLET::::- Children that are 11 or under, a flat fee of €5 is charged no matter the journey.
  
  BULLET::::- Baggage (per piece) is €5 if booked at the time of booking, €10 prior to travelling on-line, or €20 if purchased at the station immediately prior to travel.
   Round trips are characteristic of the New Economy companies. They played a crucial part in temporarily inflating the market capitalization of energy traders such as Enron, CMS Energy, Reliant Energy, and Dynegy. 
  
  In international scenarios, round tripping is used for tax evasion and money laundering.
   With the gradual decline of visits to British seaside resorts after the Second World War, Thomas Cook & Son began promoting foreign holidays (particularly Italy, Spain and Switzerland) in the early 1950s. Information films were shown at town halls throughout Britain. However they made a costly decision by not going into the new form of cheap holidays which combined the transport and accommodation arrangements into a single 'package'. The company went further into decline and were only rescued by a consortium buy-out on 26 May 1972.
  
  Section::::History.:Group tours.
   Trip distribution
  
  Trip distribution (or destination choice or zonal interchange analysis) is the second component (after trip generation, but before mode choice and route assignment) in the traditional four-step transportation forecasting model. This step matches tripmakers’ origins and destinations to develop a “trip table”, a matrix that displays the number of trips going from each origin to each destination. Historically, this component has been the least developed component of the transportation planning model.
   Section::::Transport.
  
  In most parts of the world regular users of public transport, especially commuters, make use of weekly, monthly or yearly "season tickets" that allow unlimited travel for a fixed fee. In some countries year passes are available for the entire national railway network (e.g. the Bahncard100 in Germany for about €3000 and the "Oesterreich Card" offered by the Austrian Federal Railways). 
  
  Some, such as the Eurail Pass, are intended for foreigners, in order to encourage tourism.
   Apart from mileage, some rail systems or airlines calculate fare based on an individual route's popularity and a host of other factors. Therefore, instead of a fare directly from A to B, a passenger may go from A to P and then P to B for less. This price advantage is more pronounced if P is en route between A and B.
   Round-the-world tickets are priced according to travel class, origin of travel, number of continents, mileage (usually between 30,000 and 60,000 km), and sometimes season of travel. The traveller benefits from the large and optimized network of the airline alliance and can often participate in the alliance's frequent flyer programs, although round-the-world tickets are usually subject to restrictions. The start and end of the journey almost always have to be located in the same country and exactly one crossing each of the Atlantic and Pacific must be included in the itinerary. The number of stops is usually restricted to 5–16, and backtracking between continents (especially Europe/Asia) is often restricted. The dates and journey do not have to be planned, but may be changed en route at a local office of any airline in the alliance (although a change of destinations often results in an additional fee, and if the next flight is left open-dated the booking can be dropped by the airlines).
   BULLET::::- Double open-jaw, where two totally separate fares exist. For example, flying from London to New York, but on the return trip flying from Boston to Manchester.
  
  Using different airports in the same city is not considered an open-jaw, so a passenger on a London to JFK trip who returned from Newark would still be a simple round trip as both airports are considered to be in New York.
  
  Section::::ARNK.
   Several ticketing options exist for passengers. Riders may choose to purchase one-way tickets, ten-ride tickets, weekend passes or monthly passes.
  
  BULLET::::- A one-way ticket is used for one-way travel between two stations. For roundtrip travel, two one-way tickets can be purchased. One-way tickets can be purchased from ticket agents or on the train from a conductor. Conductors will charge an extra $5 if a ticket agent was available at the passenger's departing station.
   This costs £7.50 per year, and is available to applicants aged 16 or over who live in certain areas of the north and west Highlands of Scotland - principally the IV and KW postal districts. A 50% discount is available for the cardholder for all journeys on the following routes, with up to two children accompanying the cardholder being charged a £2.00 flat fare:
  
  BULLET::::- The Kyle of Lochalsh Line between and
  
  BULLET::::- The Far North Line between Inverness and its two termini ( and )
  
  BULLET::::- The West Highland Line between and its two termini ( and )
   In 1888, driven by commercial rivalry, the East Coast and West Coast consortia started competing fiercely over the speed of their express services over these two routes.
   BULLET::::- Multi-trip tickets - allow bulk purchase for a lower fare per trip. Historically, these have often been in the form of tokens, but tokens are being discontinued in many places in favor of more high-tech methods of fare collection.
  
  Section::::Europe.
  
  Section::::Europe.:Germany.
  
presuppositions: round trip tickets are cheaper than one way Round trip tickets are cheaper than one way.
corrections: domestically they are not. Domestically one way tickets are cheaper.
raw_presuppositions: round trip tickets are cheaper than one way Round trip tickets are cheaper than one way.
raw_corrections: domestically they are not. Domestically one way tickets are cheaper.