question: What does a metal grill do to heat? (the kind found on a cpu cooler)
comment: The metal is a good conductor of heat, and the slats give it a lot of surface area. The more surface area something has, the faster it can shed heat into a fluid (like air). So the metal pulls the heat away from the CPU, and then radiates it into the air the fan is blowing over it.
passages: Using modern metal bonding techniques, such as cladding, copper is frequently incorporated into cookware constructed of primarily dissimilar metal, such as stainless steel, often as an enclosed diffusion layer (see "coated and composite cookware" below).
  
  Section::::Cookware materials.:Metal.:Cast iron.
   BULLET::::- A glass-ceramic stove uses radiant heating coils or infrared halogen lamps as the heating elements. The surface of the glass-ceramic cooktop above the burner heats up, but the adjacent surface remains cool because of the low heat conduction coefficient of the material.
  
  BULLET::::- An induction stove heats a metal pot's bottom directly through electromagnetic induction.
   A small amount of noise is generated by an internal cooling fan. Audible electromagnetic noise (a hum or buzz) may be produced by cookware exposed to high magnetic fields, especially at high power if the cookware has loose parts; cookware with welded-in cladding layers and solid riveting is less likely to produce this type of noise. Some users may detect a whistling or whining sound from the cookware or from the powered electronic devices.
  
  Section::::Cooking properties.:Other considerations.
   Some cookware use a dual-clad process, with a thin stainless layer on the cooking surface, a thick core of aluminum to provide structure and improved heat diffusion, and a foil layer of copper on the exterior to provide the "look" of a copper pot at a lower price.
  
  Section::::Cookware materials.:Other non-metallic cookware.
  
  Non-metallic cookware can be used in both conventional and microwave ovens. Non-metallic cookware typically can not be used on the stovetop, although Corningware and Pyroflam are some exceptions.
   BULLET::::- Solar cookers are appropriate to some settings, depending on climate and cooking style. They are emission-less and very low-cost. Hybrid variants also exist that incorporate a second heating source such as electrical heating or wood-based.
  
  BULLET::::- Hot plates are 100% electrical, fairly low cost (around €20) and are mobile. They do however require an electrical system to be present in the area of operation.
   Metal pots are made from a narrow range of metals because pots and pans need to conduct heat well, but also need to be chemically unreactive so that they do not alter the flavor of the food. Most materials that are conductive enough to heat evenly are too reactive to use in food preparation. In some cases (copper pots, for example), a pot may be made out of a more reactive metal, and then tinned or clad with another.
  
  Section::::Cookware materials.:Metal.:Aluminium.
   All-Clad
  
  All-Clad Metalcrafters, LLC is a U.S. manufacturer of cookware with headquarters in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The company markets its cookware to department stores and specialty stores in the United States, Australia, Canada, Germany, and the UK, along with All-Clad bonded ovenware, kitchen tools, and kitchen accessories.
  
  Section::::History.
  
  The business was founded by metallurgist John Ulam, in 1967, as a manufacturer of bonded metals, including coinage for the U.S. Mint, avionics, and ballistics. The company was instrumental in the shift to bonded metal coins.
   Section::::Cookware materials.:Coated and composite cookware.:Clad aluminium or copper.
   A gas grill burner is the central source of heat for cooking food. Gas grill burners are typically constructed of: stainless steel, aluminized steel, or cast iron, occasionally porcelain-coated.
   SP94 is the first heat sink manufacturing with the heat pipe as a medium of thermal conductivity. With the size of 90mm and capability to fix 80mm fan, SP94 is undoubtedly a cutting edge heat sink at that time. SP series have two kinds of product collocating different CPU.
  
  BULLET::::- 2004: XP120
   Cladding is a technique for fabricating pans with a layer of efficient heat conducting material, such as copper or aluminum, covered on the cooking surface by a non-reactive material such as stainless steel, and often covered on the exterior aspect of the pan ("dual-clad") as well. Some pans feature a copper or aluminum interface layer that extends over the entire pan rather than just a heat-distributing disk on the base. Generally, the thicker the interface layer, especially in the base of the pan, the more improved the heat distribution. Claims of thermal efficiency improvements are, however, controversial, owing in particular to the limiting and heat-banking effect of stainless steel on thermal flows.
   Heat is removed from the heat-sink by convection, to some extent by radiation, and possibly by conduction if the heat-sink is in thermal contact with, say, the metal case. Inexpensive fan-cooled aluminium heat sinks are often used on standard desktop computers. Heat-sinks with copper base-plates, or made of copper, have better thermal characteristics than aluminium. A copper heat-sink is more effective than an aluminium unit of the same size, which is relevant with regard to the high-power-consumption components used in high-performance computers.
   A variety of means are used to control temperature. The simplest of these is a variable power control, much like a light dimmer, which changes the equilibrium temperature of the iron without automatically measuring or regulating the temperature. Another type of system uses a thermostat, often inside the iron's tip, which automatically switches power on and off to the element. A thermal sensor such as a thermocouple may be used in conjunction with circuitry to monitor the temperature of the tip and adjust power delivered to the heating element to maintain a desired temperature. In some models, the firmware for the control circuitry is free software that can be modified by the end-user.
   It is possible for metal objects to be microwave-oven compatible, although experimentation by users is not encouraged. Microwaving an individual smooth metal object without pointed ends, for example, a spoon or shallow metal pan, usually does not produce sparking. Thick metal wire racks can be part of the interior design in microwave ovens (see illustration). In a similar way, the interior wall plates with perforating holes which allow light and air into the oven, and allow interior-viewing through the oven door, are all made of conductive metal formed in a safe shape.
   There are many different types of heat management, some more effective than others. They range from basic solid heat shield to plasma sprayed ceramics.
  
  Section::::Types.:Heat shield.
  
  Heat shield is one of the most widely used heat management options available due to its relative low price and ease to fit. In the past it has usually been custom made from rigid steel; however, flexible aluminium is now the standard. The key difference between a heat shield and insulating the pipe, through either wrapping or thermal coating, is the air gap that exists between the exhaust and the shield.
   Some heat sinks for older sockets are not compatible. However, some cooler manufacturers are reported to be offering brackets allowing previously manufactured coolers to work with AM4, while other coolers will be redesigned. Alternatively, some motherboard makers are including both AM3 and AM4 cooler mounting holes, allowing previous generation coolers to be used.
  
  Section::::Chipsets.
   Modern CPU heat pipes are typically made of copper and use water as the working fluid.
  
  Section::::Applications.
  
  Section::::Applications.:Spacecraft.
  
  The spacecraft thermal control system has the function to keep all components on the spacecraft within their acceptable temperature range. This is complicated by the following:
  
  BULLET::::- Widely varying external conditions, such as eclipses
  
  BULLET::::- Micro-g environment
  
  BULLET::::- Heat removal from the spacecraft by thermal radiation only
  
  BULLET::::- Limited electrical power available, favoring passive solutions
  
  BULLET::::- Long lifetimes, with no possibility of maintenance
   For electrical and electronics work, a low-power iron, a power rating between 15 and 35 watts, is used. Higher ratings are available, but do not run at higher temperature; instead there is more heat available for making soldered connections to things with large thermal capacity, for example, a metal chassis. Some irons are temperature-controlled, running at a fixed temperature in the same way as a soldering station, with higher power available for joints with large heat capacity. Simple irons run at an uncontrolled temperature determined by thermal equilibrium; when heating something large their temperature drops.
  
  Section::::Types.:Cordless iron.
   Section::::Cookware materials.:Metal.:Stainless steel.
   In 2014 All-Clad partnered with Chef Thomas Keller to produce the All-Clad TK that feature bonded aluminum and stainless with a copper core.
  
  Section::::United States patents.
  
  At the time of its founding, All-Clad used a patented "roll bonding" process by which metals are sandwiched together and then formed into a cooking vessel. The company derived its name from this cladding process, which is applied not only on the bottom but extends all the way up the sides of each cooking vessel. The company has been issued several patents by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
  
  Section::::Production.
   Factory PCs and laptops (though seldom tablets or smartphones) typically incorporate thermal paste between the top of the CPU case and a heat sink for cooling. Thermal paste is sometimes also used between the CPU die and its integrated heat spreader, though solder is sometimes used instead.
   Section::::Cookware materials.:Metal.:Carbon steel.
   Section::::Modern innovations.
  
  Modern thermal cyclers are equipped with a heated lid that presses against the lids of the reaction tubes. This prevents condensation of water from the reaction mixtures on the insides of the lids. Traditionally, a layer of mineral oil was used for this purpose. Some thermal cyclers are equipped with a fully adjustable heated lid to allow for nonstandard or diverse types of PCR plasticware.
   Section::::Bare-metal advocacy.
   Small irons heated by a battery, or by combustion of a gas such as butane in a small self-contained tank, can be used when electricity is unavailable or cordless operation is required. The operating temperature of these irons is not regulated directly; gas irons may change power by adjusting gas flow. Gas-powered irons may have interchangeable tips including different size soldering tips, hot knife for cutting plastics, miniature blow-torch with a hot flame, and small hot air blower for such applications as shrinking heat shrink tubing.
  
  Section::::Types.:Temperature-controlled soldering iron.
  