question: They say cigarettes contain stuff like benzene, acetone, and chloroform which are all volatile solvents. How can they exist in a cigarette if they evaporate at room temperature?
comment: They’re created as a byproduct of burning the cigarette, not “in it” as individual molecules to begin with. It’s the same reason that burning hydrogen produces water as a byproduct (because the hydrogen reacts with the oxygen in the air and produces H2O).
passages: Historically, all pyroligneous acid products, Wright's product and many other condensates have been made as byproducts of charcoal manufacturing, which was of greater value. Chemicals such as methanol, acetic acid and acetone have been isolated from these condensates and sold. With the advent of lower cost fossil fuel sources, today these and other wood derived chemicals retain only small niches. In 1959 the era of modern condensed smoke based products began with the establishment of Red Arrow Products Company in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. The important distinction marking this era from the past is the production of modern condensates to be used industrially as a replacement for smoking food directly with non-condensed smoke. Today there are many manufacturing locations around the world, most of which pyrolyze wood primarily to generate condensates which are further processed to make hundreds of derivative products. These are now referred to less as liquid smoke products, and instead as smoke flavorings, smoke flavors, and natural condensed smokes.
   BULLET::::- Ethyl isovalerate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl lactate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl laurate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl levulinate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl maltol
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl methylphenylglycidate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl myristate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl nonanoate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl octadecanoate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl octanoate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl oleate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl palmitate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl phenylacetate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl propionate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl salicylate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl trans-2-butenoate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl valerate
  
  BULLET::::- Ethyl vanillin
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Ethyl (or Methyl)-(3,5 and 6)-Methoxypyrazine
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Ethyl-1-Hexanol,3-Ethyl-2-Hydroxy-2-Cyclopenten-1-One
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Ethyl-3,(5 or 6)-Dimethylpyrazine
  
  BULLET::::- 5-Ethyl-3-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2(5H)-Furanone
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Ethyl-3-Methylpyrazine
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Ethylpyridine
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Ethylguaiacol
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Ethylphenol (para-Ethylphenol)
  
  BULLET::::- Eucalyptol
  
  Section::::F.
  
  BULLET::::- Farnesol
  
  BULLET::::- D-Fenchone
  
  BULLET::::- Fennel Sweet Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Fenugreek, Extract, Resin, and Absolute
  
  BULLET::::- fig Juice Concentrate
   Section::::Composition.:Formaldehyde.
   BULLET::::- 1,3-Butanediol
  
  BULLET::::- 2,3-Butanedione
  
  BULLET::::- 1-Butanol
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Butanone
  
  BULLET::::- 4(2-Butenylidene)-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-One
  
  BULLET::::- Butter, Butter Esters, and Butter Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Butyl acetate
  
  BULLET::::- Butyl butyrate
  
  BULLET::::- Butyl butyryl lactate
  
  BULLET::::- Butyl isovalerate
  
  BULLET::::- Butyl phenylacetate
  
  BULLET::::- Butyl ndecylenate
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Butylidenephthalide
  
  BULLET::::- Butyric Acid
  
  Section::::C.
  
  BULLET::::- Cadinene
  
  BULLET::::- Caffeine
  
  BULLET::::- Calcium carbonate
  
  BULLET::::- Camphene
  
  BULLET::::- Cananga oil
  
  BULLET::::- Capsicum oleoresin
  
  BULLET::::- Caramel color
  
  BULLET::::- Caraway oil
  
  BULLET::::- Carbon dioxide
  
  BULLET::::- Cardamom Oleoresin, Extract, Seed Oil, and Powder
  
  BULLET::::- Carob bean and Extract
  
  BULLET::::- beta-Carotene
  
  BULLET::::- Carrot oil
  
  BULLET::::- Carvacrol
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Carvomenthenol
  
  BULLET::::- L-Carvone
  
  BULLET::::- beta-Caryophyllene
  
  BULLET::::- beta-Caryophyllene Oxide
   BULLET::::- 2,3-Pentanedione
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Pentanone
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Pentenoic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Pentylpyridine
  
  BULLET::::- Pepper Oil, Black And White
  
  BULLET::::- Peppermint Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Peruvian (Bois De Rose) Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Petitgrain Absolute, Mandarin Oil and Terpeneless Oil
  
  BULLET::::- alpha-Phellandrene
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Phenenthyl Acetate
  
  BULLET::::- Phenethyl alcohol
  
  BULLET::::- Phenethyl Butyrate
  
  BULLET::::- Phenethyl Cinnamate
  
  BULLET::::- Phenethyl Isobutyrate
  
  BULLET::::- Phenethyl Isovalerate
  
  BULLET::::- Phenethyl Phenylacetate
  
  BULLET::::- Phenethyl Salicylate
  
  BULLET::::- 1-Phenyl-1-Propanol
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Phenyl-1-Propanol
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Phenyl-2-Butenal
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Phenyl-3-Buten-2-Ol
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Phenyl-3-Buten-2-One
  
  BULLET::::- Phenylacetaldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- Phenylacetic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- L-Phenylalanine
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Phenylpropionaldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Phenylpropionic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Phenylpropyl Acetate
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Phenylpropyl Cinnamate
  
  BULLET::::- 2-(3-Phenylpropyl)Tetrahydrofuran
  
  BULLET::::- Phosphoric Acid
  
  BULLET::::- Pimenta Leaf Oil
   The particles in tobacco smoke are liquid aerosol droplets (~ 20% water), with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) that is submicrometer (and thus, fairly "lung-respirable" by humans). The droplets are present in high concentrations (some estimates are as high as 10 droplets per cm). Most cigarettes today contain a cigarette filter, which can reduce "tar" and nicotine smoke yields up to 50% by several different mechanisms, with an even greater removal rate for other classes of compounds (e.g., phenols).
   Third-hand smoking (THS) consists of residual tobacco smoke pollutants that remain on surfaces and in dust after tobacco has been smoked, are re-emitted into the gas phase, or react with oxidants and other compounds in the environment to yield secondary pollutants. Chemicals of tobacco smoking include nicotine, 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP), phenol, cresols, naphthalene, formaldehyde, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (including some not found in freshly-emitted tobacco smoke).
   BULLET::::- Liquorice root, fluid, extract and powder
  
  BULLET::::- Lime Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Linalool
  
  BULLET::::- Linalool Oxide
  
  BULLET::::- Linalyl acetate
  
  BULLET::::- Linden Flowers
  
  BULLET::::- Lovage Oil And Extract
  
  BULLET::::- L-Lysine
  
  Section::::M.
  
  BULLET::::- Mace Powder, Extract and Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Magnesium Carbonate
  
  BULLET::::- Malic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- Malt and Malt Extract
  
  BULLET::::- Maltodextrin
  
  BULLET::::- Maltol
  
  BULLET::::- Maltyl Isobutyrate
  
  BULLET::::- Mandarin Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Maple Syrup and Concentrate
  
  BULLET::::- Mate Leaf, Absolute and Oil
  
  BULLET::::- para-Mentha-8-Thiol-3-One
  
  BULLET::::- Menthol
  
  BULLET::::- Menthone
  
  BULLET::::- Menthyl Acetate
  
  BULLET::::- dl-Methionine
  
  BULLET::::- Methoprene
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenol
  
  BULLET::::- para-Methoxybenzaldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- 1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-1-Penten-3-One
  
  BULLET::::- 4-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Butanone
  
  BULLET::::- 1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Propanone
  
  BULLET::::- Methoxypyrazine
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl 2-Furoate
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl 2-Octynoate
   BULLET::::- Tocopherols (mixed)
  
  BULLET::::- Tolu balsam Gum and Extract
  
  BULLET::::- Tolualdehydes
  
  BULLET::::- para-Tolyl 3-Methylbutyrate
  
  BULLET::::- para-Tolyl Acetaldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- para-Tolyl Acetate
  
  BULLET::::- para-Tolyl Isobutyrate
  
  BULLET::::- para-Tolyl Phenylacetate
  
  BULLET::::- Triacetin
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Tridecanone
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Tridecenal
  
  BULLET::::- Triethyl Citrate
  
  BULLET::::- 3,5,5-Trimethyl-1-Hexanol
  
  BULLET::::- para,alpha,alpha-Trimethylbenzyl Alcohol
  
  BULLET::::- 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-Enyl)But-2-En-4-One
  
  BULLET::::- 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-2-Ene-1,4-Dione
  
  BULLET::::- 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl Methan
  
  BULLET::::- 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl)But-2-En-4-One
  
  BULLET::::- 2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexanone
  
  BULLET::::- 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine
  
  BULLET::::- L-Tyrosine
  
  Section::::U.
  
  BULLET::::- delta-Undecalactone
  
  BULLET::::- gamma-Undecalactone
  
  BULLET::::- Undecanal
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Undecanone
  
  BULLET::::- 10-Undecenal
  
  BULLET::::- Urea
  
  Section::::V.
  
  BULLET::::- Valencene
  
  BULLET::::- Valeraldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- Valerian Root Extract, Oil and Powder
  
  BULLET::::- Valeric acid
  
  BULLET::::- gamma-Valerolactone
  
  BULLET::::- Valine
  
  BULLET::::- Vanilla Extract And Oleoresin
  
  BULLET::::- Vanillin
  
  BULLET::::- Veratraldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- Vetiver Oil
   BULLET::::- 2-Methylbutyric Acid
  
  BULLET::::- alpha-Methylcinnamaldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- Methylcyclopentenolone
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Methylheptanoic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Methylhexanoic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Methylpentanoic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Methylpentanoic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Methylpyrazine
  
  BULLET::::- 5-Methylquinoxaline
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran-3-one
  
  BULLET::::- (Methylthio)Methylpyrazine (Mixture Of Isomers)
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl 3-Methylthiopropionate
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Methylvaleric Acid
  
  BULLET::::- Mimosa Absolute and Extract
  
  BULLET::::- Molasses Extract and Tincture
  
  BULLET::::- Mountain Maple Solid Extract
  
  BULLET::::- Mullein Flowers
  
  BULLET::::- Myristaldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- Myristic acid
  
  BULLET::::- Myrrh Oil
  
  Section::::N.
  
  BULLET::::- beta-Napthyl Ethyl Ether
  
  BULLET::::- Nerol
  
  BULLET::::- Neroli Bigarde Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Nerolidol
  
  BULLET::::- Nona-2-trans,6-cis-dienal
  
  BULLET::::- 2,6-Nonadien-1-ol
  
  BULLET::::- gamma-Nonalactone
  
  BULLET::::- Nonanal
  
  BULLET::::- Nonanoic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- Nonanone
  
  BULLET::::- trans-2-Nonen-1-ol
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Nonenal
  
  BULLET::::- Nonyl Acetate
   In the United States, there are two standardized methods for measuring VOCs, one by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and another by OSHA. Each method uses a single component solvent; butanol and hexane cannot be sampled, however, on the same sample matrix using the NIOSH or OSHA method.
  
  The aromatic VOC compound benzene, emitted from exhaled cigarette smoke, is labeled as carcinogenic and is ten times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers.
   Tobacco smoke
  
  Cigarette smoke is an aerosol produced by the incomplete combustion of tobacco during the smoking of cigarettes. Temperatures in burning cigarettes range from about 400 ℃ between puffs to about 900 ℃ during a puff. During the burning of the cigarette tobacco (itself a complex mixture), thousands of chemical substances are generated by combustion, distillation, pyrolysis and pyrosynthesis. Tobacco smoke is used as a fumigant and inhalant.
  
  Section::::Composition.
   BULLET::::- Methyl 2-Pyrrolyl Ketone
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Anisate
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl anthranilate
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Benzoate
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Cinnamate
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Dihydrojasmonate
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Ester of Rosin, Partially Hydrogenated
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Isovalerate
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Linoleate (48%)
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Linolenate (52%) Mixture
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Naphthyl Ketone
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Nicotinate
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl phenylacetate
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Salicylate
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl Sulfide
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Methyl-1-Cyclopentadecanone
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Methyl-1-Phenyl-2-Pentanone
  
  BULLET::::- 5-Methyl-2-Phenyl-2-Hexenal
  
  BULLET::::- 5-Methyl-2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- 6-Methyl-3,-5-Heptadien-2-One
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Methyl-3-(para-Isopropylphenyl) Propionaldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- 5-Methyl-3-Hexen-2-One
  
  BULLET::::- 1-Methyl-3-Methoxy-4-Isopropylbenzene
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Methyl-3-Pentene-2-One
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Methyl-4-Phenylbutyraldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- 6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-One
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Methyl-5-Thiazoleethanol
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Methyl-5-Vinylthiazole
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl-alpha-Ionone
  
  BULLET::::- Methyl-trans-2-Butenoic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Methylacetophenone
  
  BULLET::::- para-Methylanisole
  
  BULLET::::- alpha-Methylbenzyl Acetate
  
  BULLET::::- alpha-Methylbenzyl Alcohol
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Methylbutyraldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Methylbutyraldehyde
   One of the classes of chemicals on the list, ammonia salts, convert bound nicotine molecules in tobacco smoke into free nicotine molecules. This process, known as freebasing, could potentially increase the effect of nicotine on the smoker, but experimental data suggests that absorption is, in practice, unaffected.
  
  Section::::Construction.:Cigarette tube.
  
  Cigarette tubes are prerolled cigarette paper usually with an acetate or paper filter at the end. They have an appearance similar to a finished cigarette, but are without any tobacco or smoking material inside. The length varies from what is known as King Size (84 mm) to 100s (100 mm).
   BULLET::::- Sclareolide
  
  BULLET::::- Skatole
  
  BULLET::::- Smoke flavor
  
  BULLET::::- Snakeroot oil
  
  BULLET::::- Sodium acetate
  
  BULLET::::- Sodium benzoate
  
  BULLET::::- Sodium bicarbonate
  
  BULLET::::- Sodium carbonate
  
  BULLET::::- Sodium chloride
  
  BULLET::::- Sodium citrate
  
  BULLET::::- Sodium hydroxide
  
  BULLET::::- Solanone
  
  BULLET::::- Spearmint oil
  
  BULLET::::- Styrax extract, gum and oil
  
  BULLET::::- Sucrose octaacetate
  
  BULLET::::- Sugar alcohols
  
  BULLET::::- Sugars
  
  Section::::T.
  
  BULLET::::- Tagetes Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Tannic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- Tartaric Acid
  
  BULLET::::- Tea Leaf and Absolute
  
  BULLET::::- alpha-Terpineol
  
  BULLET::::- Terpinolene
  
  BULLET::::- Terpinyl Acetate
  
  BULLET::::- 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoxaline
  
  BULLET::::- 1,5,5,9-Tetramethyl-13-Oxatricyclo(8.3.0.0(4,9))Tridecane
  
  BULLET::::- 2,3,4,5, and 3,4,5,6-Tetramethylethyl-Cyclohexanone
  
  BULLET::::- 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine
  
  BULLET::::- Thiamine Hydrochloride
  
  BULLET::::- Thiazole
  
  BULLET::::- L-Threonine
  
  BULLET::::- Thyme Oil, White and Red
  
  BULLET::::- Thymol
  
  BULLET::::- Tobacco Extracts
   Section::::Composition.:Carbonyls and other content.
   It insulates fires by melting at approximately 350–400 degrees F. Class A fires are caused by the burning of common combustible materials, such as wood, paper, or most plastics.
  
  Section::::Uses.:Burning liquids and gases.
  
  The powder breaks the chain reaction of by coating the surface to which it is applied. These fires (Class B in the American system; Classes B and C in the European and Australian systems) include the burning of gasoline, oil, propane, and natural gas.
  
  Section::::Uses.:Electrical fires.
   BULLET::::- 2-Hexen-1-Ol
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Hexen-1-Ol
  
  BULLET::::- cis-3-Hexen-1-Yl Acetate
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Hexenal
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Hexenoic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- trans-2-Hexenoic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- cis-3-Hexenyl Formate
  
  BULLET::::- Hexyl 2-Methylbutyrate
  
  BULLET::::- Hexyl Acetate
  
  BULLET::::- Hexyl Alcohol
  
  BULLET::::- Hexyl Phenylacetate
  
  BULLET::::- L-Histidine
  
  BULLET::::- Honey
  
  BULLET::::- Hops Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Hydrolyzed Milk Solids
  
  BULLET::::- Hydrolyzed Plant Proteins
  
  BULLET::::- 5-Hydroxy-2,4-Decadienoic Acid delta- Lactone
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Hydroxy-2,5-Dimethyl-3(2H)-Furanone
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Hydroxy-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-One
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Hydroxy -3-Pentenoic Acid Lactone
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Hydroxy-4-Methylbenzaldehyde
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid Lactone
  
  BULLET::::- Hydroxycitronellal
  
  BULLET::::- 6-Hydroxydihydrotheaspirane
  
  BULLET::::- 4-(para-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Butanone
  
  BULLET::::- Hyssop Oil
  
  Section::::I.
  
  BULLET::::- Immortelle Absolute and Extract
  
  BULLET::::- alpha-Ionone
  
  BULLET::::- beta-Ionone
  
  BULLET::::- alpha-Irone
  
  BULLET::::- Isoamyl Acetate
  
  BULLET::::- Isoamyl Benzoate
  
  BULLET::::- Isoamyl Butyrate
  
  BULLET::::- Isoamyl Cinnamate
   Menthol cigarettes are constructed similarly to non-mentholated cigarettes, with menthol added at any of several stages during the manufacturing process. Menthol may be derived from distilled corn mint oil, or produced synthetically. While trace amounts of menthol may be added to non-mentholated cigarettes for flavor or other reasons, a menthol cigarette typically has at least 0.3% menthol content by weight. Lower-tar menthol cigarettes may have menthol levels up to 2%, in order to keep menthol delivery constant despite the filtration and ventilation designs used to reduce tar.
   A number of films have depicted or referred to the use of solvent inhalants. In the 1980 comedy film "Airplane!", the character of McCroskey (Lloyd Bridges) refers to his inhalant use when he states, "I picked the wrong week to quit sniffing glue." In the 1996 film "Citizen Ruth", the character Ruth (Laura Dern), a homeless drifter, is depicted inhaling patio sealant from a paper bag in an alleyway. In the tragicomedy "Love Liza", the main character, played by Philip Seymour Hoffman, plays a man who takes up building remote-controlled airplanes as a hobby to give him an excuse to sniff the fuel in the wake of his wife's suicide.
   Starch glues or emulsion-based adhesives are used for gluing cigarette seams. Hot-melt and emulsion-based adhesives are used for filter seams. Emulsion-based adhesives are used for bonding the filters to the cigarettes. The tip paper may be coated with polyvinyl alcohol.
  
  Section::::Health risks.
   The first step in the biodegradation of cellulose acetate is the deactylation of the acetate from the polymer chain (which is the opposite of acetylation). An acetate is a negative ion with the chemical formula of CHO. Deacetylation can be performed by either chemical hydrolysis or acetylesterase. Chemical hydrolysis is the cleavage of a chemical bond by addition of water. In the reaction, water (HO) reacts with the acetic ester functional group attached the cellulose polymer chain and forms an alcohol and acetate. The alcohol is simply the cellulose polymer chain with the acetate replaced with an alcohol group. The second reaction is exactly the same as chemical hydrolysis with the exception of the use of an acetylesterase enzyme. The enzyme, found in most plants, catalyzes the chemical reaction shown below.
   BULLET::::- Food Starch Modified
  
  BULLET::::- Furfuryl Mercaptan
  
  BULLET::::- 4-(2-Furyl)-3-Buten-2-One
  
  Section::::G.
  
  BULLET::::- Galbanum Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Genet Absolute
  
  BULLET::::- Gentian Root Extract
  
  BULLET::::- Geraniol
  
  BULLET::::- Geranium Rose Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Geranyl Acetate
  
  BULLET::::- Geranyl Butyrate
  
  BULLET::::- Geranyl Formate
  
  BULLET::::- Geranyl Isovalerate
  
  BULLET::::- Geranyl Phenylacetate
  
  BULLET::::- Ginger Oil and Oleoresin
  
  BULLET::::- L-Glutamic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- L-Glutamine
  
  BULLET::::- Glycerol
  
  BULLET::::- Glycyrrhizin Ammoniated
  
  BULLET::::- Grape Juice Concentrate
  
  BULLET::::- Guaiac Wood Oil
  
  BULLET::::- Guaiacol
  
  BULLET::::- Guar Gum
  
  Section::::H.
  
  BULLET::::- 2,4-Heptadienal
  
  BULLET::::- gamma-Heptalactone
  
  BULLET::::- Heptanoic Acid
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Heptanone
  
  BULLET::::- 3-Hepten-2-One
  
  BULLET::::- 2-Hepten-4-One
  
  BULLET::::- 4-Heptenal
  
  BULLET::::- trans-2-Heptenal
  
  BULLET::::- Heptyl acetate
  
  BULLET::::- omega-6-Hexadecenlactone
  
  BULLET::::- gamma-Hexalactone
  
  BULLET::::- Hexanal
  
  BULLET::::- Hexanoic acid
   The propylene glycol-containing liquids produced the most amounts of carbonyls in e-cigarette aerosols. Propylene glycol could turn into propylene oxide when heated and aerosolized. Glycerin may generate acrolein when heated at hotter temperatures. Some e-cigarette products had acrolein identified in the e-cigarette vapor, at greatly lower amounts than in cigarette smoke. Several e-cigarette companies have replaced glycerin and propylene glycol with ethylene glycol. In 2014, most e-cigarettes companies began to use water and glycerin as replacement for propylene glycol. In 2015, manufacturers attempted to reduce the formation of formaldehyde and metal substances of the e-cigarette vapor by producing an e-liquid in which propylene glycol is replaced by glycerin.Acetol, beta-nicotyrine, butanal, crotonaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, glycidol, glyoxal, dihydroxyacetone, dioxolanes, lactic acid, methylglyoxal, myosmine, oxalic acid, propanal, pyruvic acid, and vinyl alcohol isomers have been found in the e-cigarette vapor. Hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural have been found in the e-cigarette vapors. The amounts of furans in the e-cigarette vapors were highly associated with power of the e-cigarette and amount of sweetener. The amount of carbonyls vary greatly among different companies and within various samples of the same e-cigarettes. Oxidants and reactive oxygen species (OX/ROS) have been found in the e-cigarette vapor. OX/ROS could react with other chemicals in the e-cigarette vapor because they are highly reactive, causing alterations its chemical composition. E-cigarette vapor have been found to contain OX/ROS at about 100 times less than with cigarette smoke. A 2018 review found e-cigarette vapor containing reactive oxygen radicals seem to be similar to levels in traditional cigarettes.
   Air- and water-free solvents are also necessary. If high-purity solvents are available in nitrogen-purged Winchesters, they can be brought directly into the glovebox. For use with Schlenk technique, they can be quickly poured into Schlenk flasks charged with molecular sieves, and degassed. More typically, solvent is dispensed directly from a still or solvent purification column.
  
  Section::::Associated preparations.:Degassing.
  
presuppositions: Cigarettes contain benzene, acetone, and chloroform. Cigarettes contain volatile solvents.
corrections: The burning of cigarettes produces benzene, acetone, and chloroform. The volatile solvents are byproducts of burning cigarettes.
raw_presuppositions: Cigarettes contain benzene, acetone, and chloroform. Cigarettes contain volatile solvents.
raw_corrections: The burning of cigarettes produces benzene, acetone, and chloroform. The volatile solvents are byproducts of burning cigarettes.