question: why does alcohol burns like hell when we put it in a cut or bruise?
comment: Alcohol makes your nerves respond in the same way they do to touching really hot things. (Binds to the same receptors, etc.)
passages: Liquor that contains 40% ABV (80 US proof) will catch fire if heated to about and if an ignition source is applied to it. This temperature is called its flash point. The flash point of pure alcohol is , less than average room temperature.
  
  The flammability of liquor is applied in the cooking technique flambé.
  
  The flash points of alcohol concentrations from 10% ABV to 96% ABV are:
  
  BULLET::::- 10% – – ethanol-based water solution
  
  BULLET::::- 12.5% – about – wine
  
  BULLET::::- 20% – – fortified wine
  
  BULLET::::- 30% –
  
  BULLET::::- 40% – – typical vodka, whisky or brandy
   A study by a team of researchers at the University of Idaho, Washington State University, and the US Department of Agriculture's Nutrient Data Laboratory calculated the percentage of alcohol remaining in a dish based on various cooking methods. The results are as follows:
  
  BULLET::::- alcohol added to boiling liquid and removed from heat: 85% alcohol retained
  
  BULLET::::- alcohol flamed: 75% alcohol retained
  
  BULLET::::- no heat, stored overnight: 70% alcohol retained
  
  BULLET::::- baked, 25 minutes, alcohol not stirred into mixture: 45% alcohol retained
  
  BULLET::::- baked/simmered, alcohol stirred into mixture: (see table)
  
  Section::::Alcohol as cooking fuel.
   BULLET::::- Via Christi Regional Burn Center ("verified")
  
  Section::::Kentucky.
  
  BULLET::::- Norton Children's Hospital Burn Unit
  
  BULLET::::- University of Louisville Hospital Burn Unit
  
  BULLET::::- Marion Wound and Burn Center
  
  Section::::Louisiana.
  
  BULLET::::- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport Regional Burn Center
  
  BULLET::::- Baton Rouge General Medical Center Burn Center ("verified")
  
  BULLET::::- Louisiana State University Medical Center Regional Burn Center
  
  BULLET::::- The Grossman Burn Center at Our Lady of Lourdes Regional Medical Center
  
  Section::::Maine.
  
  BULLET::::- Maine Medical Center—Special Care Unit
  
  Section::::Maryland.
  
  BULLET::::- Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center—Johns Hopkins Burn Center (Adult, "verified")
  
  BULLET::::- The Johns Hopkins Hospital—Johns Hopkins Burn Center (Pediatric)
   Section::::Description.
   BULLET::::- Mercy St. Louis Burn Center ("verified")
  
  BULLET::::- Mercy Springfield Burn Center
  
  BULLET::::- St. Louis Children's Hospital Burn Center
  
  BULLET::::- Grossman Burn Center at Research Medical Center
  
  Section::::Montana.
  
  BULLET::::- University of Colorado Hospital Burn Center ("verified by the American Burn Association")
  
  Section::::Nebraska.
  
  BULLET::::- St. Elizabeth Regional Burn Center ("verified")
  
  BULLET::::- Nebraska Medical Center
  
  Section::::Nevada.
  
  BULLET::::- Lions Burn Care Center at University Medical Center of Southern Nevada ("verified")
  
  Section::::New Hampshire.
  
  As of 2006, New Hampshire had no burn centers.
  
  Section::::New Jersey.
  
  BULLET::::- Saint Barnabas Medical Center Burn Center ("verified")
  
  Section::::New Mexico.
  
  BULLET::::- University of New Mexico Hospital Burn Unit
  
  Section::::New York.
   BULLET::::- University of Cincinnati Hospital Burn Special Care Unit
  
  BULLET::::- MetroHealth Medical Center Comprehensive Burn Care Center ("verified")
  
  BULLET::::- Nationwide Children's Hospital Burn Unit ("verified")
  
  BULLET::::- Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University Burn Center ("verified")
  
  BULLET::::- Miami Valley Hospital Regional Adult Burn Center
  
  BULLET::::- St. Vincent Mercy Medical Center Burn Care Center
  
  Section::::Oklahoma.
  
  BULLET::::- INTEGRIS Paul Silverstein Burn Center
  
  BULLET::::- Alexander Burn Center
  
  Section::::Oregon.
  
  BULLET::::- Legacy Emanuel Hospital Oregon Burn Center ("verified")
  
  Section::::Pennsylvania.
  
  BULLET::::- Lehigh Valley Hospital Burn Center ("verified")
  
  BULLET::::- St. Agnes Medical Center
  
  BULLET::::- St. Christopher's Hospital for Children Pediatric Burn Center
   BULLET::::- Cautery branding: This is a less common form of branding. It uses a thermal cautery tool with a heated wire tip to cause the burns.
   BULLET::::- Alcohol – Alcohol consumption impairs wound healing and also increases the chances of infection. Alcohol affects the proliferative phase of healing. A single unit of alcohol causes a negative effect on re-epithelialization, wound closure, collagen production and angiogenesis.
  
  Section::::Research and development.
   Chemical burn
  
  A chemical burn occurs when living tissue is exposed to a corrosive substance (such as a strong acid, base) or a cytotoxic agent (such as mustard gas, lewisite or arsenic). Chemical burns follow standard burn classification and may cause extensive tissue damage. The main types of irritant and/or corrosive products are: acids, bases, oxidizers / reducing agents, solvents, and alkylants. Additionally, chemical burns can be caused by some types of cytotoxic chemical weapons, e.g., vesicants such as mustard gas and Lewisite, or urticants such as phosgene oxime.
  
  Chemical burns may:
  
  BULLET::::- need no source of heat,
   Section::::As an ingredient.:Flambé.
  
  Flambé is a technique where alcohol, such as brandy, is poured on top of a dish and then ignited to create a visual presentation.
  
  A variation of the flambé tradition is employed in Japanese teppanyaki restaurants where a spirit is poured onto the griddle and then lit, providing both a dramatic start to the cooking, and a residue on the griddle which indicates to the chef which parts of the griddle are hottest.
  
  Section::::As an ingredient.:Alcohol in finished food.
   Section::::Reception.
   Ethanol is a volatile, colorless liquid that has a slight odor. It burns with a smokeless blue flame that is not always visible in normal light. The physical properties of ethanol stem primarily from the presence of its hydroxyl group and the shortness of its carbon chain. Ethanol's hydroxyl group is able to participate in hydrogen bonding, rendering it more viscous and less volatile than less polar organic compounds of similar molecular weight, such as propane.
   Section::::Procedure.
   Low concentrations cause prickling sensations on the skin, but high concentrations or prolonged exposure to field concentrations can cause severe irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and mild cough and moderate contact dermatitis can result. Liquid CSA causes acid burns of skin and exposure of eyes can lead to severe eye damage.
  
  Affected body parts should be washed with water and then with sodium bicarbonate solution. The burns are then treated like thermal burns. The skin burns heal readily, while cornea burns can result in residual scarring.
   The alcoholic beverage must be heated before lighting it on fire. This is because at room temperature, the liquid is still below the flash point, and there are not enough alcoholic vapors to ignite. By heating it, the vapor pressure increases, releasing enough vapors to catch fire from the match.
  
  Section::::Effects on taste.
   Timeline of alcohol fuel
  
  Ethanol, an alcohol fuel, is an important fuel for the operation of internal combustion engines that are used in cars, trucks, and other kinds of machinery.
  
  BULLET::::- Ethanol was first isolated from wine in approximately 1100 and was found to burn shortly thereafter. These early solutions distilled from wine-salt mixtures were referred to as "aqua ardens" (burning water) or "aqua flamens" (flaming water) and had such low alcohol content that they burned without producing noticeable heat. By the 13th century, the development of the cooling coil allowed the isolation of nearly pure ethanol by distillation.
   Section::::Processes.:Chemical gilding.:Fire-gilding.
   BULLET::::- Loyola University Medical Center Burn Center ("verified")
  
  BULLET::::- Memorial Medical Center Regional Burn Center
  
  BULLET::::- OSF Saint Anthony Medical Center
  
  BULLET::::- Sumner L. Koch Burn Center—John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County ("verified")
  
  Section::::Indiana.
  
  BULLET::::- Indiana University School of Medicine: Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health ("verified")
  
  BULLET::::- Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital ("verified")
  
  BULLET::::- James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children—Burn Unit
  
  BULLET::::- St. Joseph's Medical Center—Regional Burn Center ("verified")
  
  Section::::Iowa.
  
  BULLET::::- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Burn Treatment Center ("verified")
  
  Section::::Kansas.
  
  BULLET::::- University of Kansas Hospital—Burnett Burn Center ("verified")
   Alcohol burner
  
  An alcohol burner or spirit lamp is a piece of laboratory equipment used to produce an open flame. It can be made from brass, glass, stainless steel or aluminium.
  
  Section::::Uses.
  
  Alcohol burners are preferred for some uses over Bunsen burners for safety purposes, and in laboratories where natural gas is not available. Their flame is limited to approximately 5 centimeters (two inches) in height, with a comparatively lower temperature than the gas flame of the Bunsen burner.
   BULLET::::- the spreading of swellings or spots in a burn injury, according to scholars, is most probably a result of erysipelas
  
  BULLET::::- in regard to subcutaneous disease where the hair has turned white
  
  BULLET::::- the additional presence of swellings or spots in a burn injury are thought by scholars most likely to be tropical sores
  
  BULLET::::- the additional presence of bodily sores, and swellings or spots where there previously had been a boil, is one of the classical symptoms of leprosy
   Section::::Geology and associated industries.
   BULLET::::- occur immediately on contact,
  
  BULLET::::- not be immediately evident or noticeable,
  
  BULLET::::- be extremely painful,
  
  BULLET::::- diffuse into tissue and damage cellular structures under skin without immediately apparent damage to skin surface.
  
  Section::::Presentation.
   BULLET::::- Babies' Hospital
   The area surrounding Willowyards and its whisky bond are characterised by a black staining that covers all living and non-living surfaces to varying degrees. The research that first led to the scientific identification of the organism causing this black and velvety encrustation was partly carried out using samples from Willowyard. The organism causing what is commonly known as 'Warehouse Staining', is a black fungus, "Baudoinia compniacensis" which is harmless and feeds upon the 'Angels's Share' of alcohol evaporating from the whisky barrels.
  
  Section::::Demographics.
   Section::::Injury.:Chemical injury.
  
  The sclera is highly resistant to injury from brief exposure to toxic chemicals. The reflexive production of tears at the onset of chemical exposure tends to quickly wash away such irritants, preventing further harm. Acids with a pH below 2.5 are the source of greatest acidic burn risk, with sulfuric acid, the kind present in car batteries and therefore commonly available, being among the most dangerous in this regard. However, acid burns, even severe ones, seldom result in loss of the eye.
  