question: How do we know what prehistoric life was like?
comment: We have a good understanding of biomechanics, how the shape of bones, their growth and wear patterns, how ligaments were attached, and a lot of the details that tell us how the moved, how they ate and hunted. Teeth can tell you a lot about what sort of food an animal ate. The design of the head tells you how big their eyes, noses, and mouths were. Some bones have teeth marks, indicating that they were bitten by other dinosaurs. Here's a review article [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) on Dinosaur Biomechanics & #x200B;
passages: Section::::Sources of material.
  
  The primary sources of paleoparasitological material include mummified tissues, coprolites (fossilised dung) from mammals or dinosaurs, fossils, and amber inclusions. Hair, skins, and feathers also yield ectoparasite remains. Some archaeological artifacts document the presence of animal parasites. One example is the depiction of what appear to be mites in the ear of a "hyaena-like" animal in a tomb painting from ancient Thebes.
   BULLET::::- [[File:Linuparus trigonus (museum).jpg|thumb|upright|A modern "[[Linuparus]]" spiny lobster]] "[[Linuparus]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Linuparus canadensis]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Liopeplum]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Liopeplum canalis]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Liopeplum cretaceum]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Liopeplum leioderma]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Liopeplum nodosum]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Liopeplum rugosum]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Liopeplum spiculatum]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Liopistha]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Liopistha protexta]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Liothyris]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Liothyris carolinensis]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Lispodesthes]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Lispodesthes amplus]]"
  
  BULLET::::- [[File:Zelithophaga truncata.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|Shell of a "[[Lithophaga]]", or date mussel]] "[[Lithophaga]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Lomirosa]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Lomirosa carinata]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Longitubus]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Longoconcha]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Longoconcha dalli]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Longoconcha imbricatus]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Longoconcha quadrilirata]]"
  
  BULLET::::- †"[[ Longoconcha tennesseensis]]"
   Section::::Season Two (2002–2003).:"Bring On The Beasts".
  
  49,000,000 BC, Early Eocene (Germany) − This episode follows the life of a mother "Leptictidium" and her babies in the dense forests of Germany in the early Eocene epoch.
  
  BULLET::::- "Leptictidium"
  
  BULLET::::- "Gastornis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Ambulocetus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Propalaeotherium"
  
  BULLET::::- "Godinotia"
  
  BULLET::::- "Titanomyrma" (unnamed, identified as large ants)
  
  Section::::Season Two (2002–2003).:"Killer Whale's Tale".
  
  36,000,000 BC, Late Eocene (Pakistan) − This episode follows the sea journey of a pregnant female "Basilosaurus" search for food in the late Eocene epoch.
  
  BULLET::::- "Basilosaurus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Andrewsarchus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Embolotherium"
  
  BULLET::::- "Dorudon"
  
  BULLET::::- "Moeritherium"
  
  BULLET::::- "Apidium"
  
  BULLET::::- "Physogaleus" (unnamed, identified as shark)
   Section::::Episodes.
  
  Section::::Episodes.:Episode one: "Central England".
  
  BULLET::::- Dr. Philip Wilby of the British Geological Survey in Nottingham examines soft-tissue, preserved by the "Medusa effect", from a recently re-excavated Victorian fossil discovery.
  
  BULLET::::- Dr. Phil Manning compares a T-Rex with William Buckland’s Megalosaurus (the first scientifically identified dinosaur and the inspiration for Charles Dickens’ opening paragraph in "Bleak House").
  
  BULLET::::- Dr. Derek Siveter of Oxford University Museum and Dr. Mark Sutton of Imperial College London demonstrate virtual dissection that produces computer-models of microfossils.
   List of the Mesozoic life of New Mexico
  
  This list of the Mesozoic life of New Mexico contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of New Mexico and are between 252.17 and 66 million years of age.
  
  Section::::A.
  
  BULLET::::- †"Acanthichnus" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †"Acanthoceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Acanthoceras amphibolum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Acanthoceras bellense"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Acanthoceras muldoonense"
  
  BULLET::::- "Acipenser"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Acipenser eruciferus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Actinaraea"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Actinaraea tenuis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Acutostrea"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Acutostrea plumosa"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Adocus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Adocus bossi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Adocus kirtlandius" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Aenictobelostoma" – type locality for genus
   Section::::Dating and re-dating.
   Section::::D.
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dagnoceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dagnoceras bonnevillense"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dagnoceras pealei"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dagnoceras zappanense" – or unidentified related form
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dalmatites"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dalmatites attenuatus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dalmatites richardsi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dennstaedtia" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dennstaedtia fremonti"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Deweveria"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Deweveria dudresnayi" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Diatrypesis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Diatrypesis newelli" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dicosmos"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dieneroceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dieneroceras dieneri"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Distichophyllia"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Distichophyllia norica"
  
  Section::::E.
  
  BULLET::::- †"Elysastraea"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Elysastraea profunda"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Elysastraea vancouverensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Endostoma" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †"Enoploceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Enoploceras newelli" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Entolioides"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Entolioides utahensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eocalliostoma"
   BULLET::::- †"Cissites"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cissites ingens"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cissites salisburiaefolius"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Claibornites"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Claibornites cedrensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Claosaurus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Claosaurus affinis" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Clavipholas"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Clidastes"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Clidastes propython"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Clisocolus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Clisocolus moreauensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cocculus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cocculus flabella"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Collignoniceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Collignoniceras collisniger" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Collignoniceras jorgenseni" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Collignoniceras percarinatum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Collignoniceras praecox"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Collignoniceras vermilionense"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Collignoniceras woolgari"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Collignoniceras woollgari"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Compsemys"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Compsemys victa"
  
  BULLET::::- "Corbula"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Corbula crassimarginata"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Corbulamella"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Corbulamella gregaria"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Crassatellina"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Crassatellina hollandi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Crenella"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Crenella elegantula"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cretodus"
   Thanks to the good preservation conditions at the place of discovery, there are many finds of small animals, among them small mammals, fish, molluscs and insects. Together with the carpological remains they make a detailed reconstruction of the climate and the environment of the passing of an interglacial period possible.
  
  Section::::Significance.
   BULLET::::- †"Eoacteon percultus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Etea"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Etea carolinensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eufistulana"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eulophoceras" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †"Euspira"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Euspira rectilabrum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eutrephoceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eutrephoceras dekayi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Exiteloceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Exiteloceras jenneyi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Exogyra"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Exogyra cancellata"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Exogyra costata"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Exogyra ponderosa"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Exogyra ponderosa erraticostata"
  
  Section::::G.
  
  BULLET::::- "Gastrochaena"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Gegania"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Gegania bella"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Gervilliopsis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Ginglymostoma"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Ginglymostoma globidens"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Ginglyostoma"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Ginglyostoma globidens"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Globidens"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Globidens alabamensis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Glossus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Glycymeris"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Glycymeris mortoni"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Graciliala"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Graciliala johnsoni"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Granocardium"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Granocardium dumosum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Granocardium kummeli"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Granocardium tenuistriatum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Gryphaeostrea"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Gryphaeostrea vomer"
  
  BULLET::::- "Gyrodes"
   BULLET::::- †" Peronidella"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Phacelostylophyllum"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Phacelostylophyllum zitteli"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pholadomya"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Phylloceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Phylloceras umpquanum"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Phyllopachyceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Phyllopachyceras trinitense"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Phyllopachyceras umpquanum"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Plafkerium"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Plafkerium robustum" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Plagiostoma" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †" Planiinvoluta"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Platymya"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Platymya rockymontana"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Pleesus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Pleesus aptus" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †" Pleuromya"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Pleuronectites"
  
  BULLET::::- "Plicatula"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Plicatula hekiensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Poulpus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Poulpus haeckeli" – type locality for species
   BULLET::::- †" Janumys erebros"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Jeanbesseiceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Jeanbesseiceras jacksoni"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Jugulator"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Jugulator amplissimus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Juvenites"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Juvenites spathi" – or unidentified related form
  
  BULLET::::- †" Juvenites thermarum" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  Section::::K.
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kallirhynchia"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kallirhynchia myrina" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kamerunoceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kashmirites"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kashmirites confusionensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kashmirites meeki"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kashmirites nivalis"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kashmirites perrini"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kashmirites seerleyi"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kashmirites stepheni" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kashmirites subarmatus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Kashmirites utahensis" – type locality for species
   BULLET::::- †"Cylichna secalina"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cylindrocanthus" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cymbophora"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cymbophora subtilis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cymella"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cymella bella"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cymella ironensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cyprimeria"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cyprimeria excavata"
  
  Section::::D.
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dentalium"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dentalium intercalatum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dentalium subarctuatum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dhondtichlamys" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dhondtichlamys venustus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Didymoceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Didymoceras binodosum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Didymoceras cheyennense"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Didymoceras draconis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Didymoceras platycostatum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Didymoceras stevensoni"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Distefania"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Distefania lauginigeri"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Drepanochilus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Dryptosaurus"
  
  Section::::E.
  
  BULLET::::- †"Ecphora" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †"Ellipsoscapha"
  
  BULLET::::- "Emarginula"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Enchodus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Enchodus ferox"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Endoptygma" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- †"Endoptygma leprosa"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eoacteon"
   BULLET::::- †" Periallus woodsidensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Perissoptera"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Permophorus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Permophorus bregeri" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- †" Permophorus triassicus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Pernopecten"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Phelopteria"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Phelopteria minuta" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- †" Phlebopteris"
  
  BULLET::::- "Pholadomya"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Pholadomya inaequiplicata"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Pholadomya kingi"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Piarorhynchella"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Piarorhynchella triassica"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Piarorhynchella triassicus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Picopsis"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Pinacosuchus" – type locality for genus
  
  BULLET::::- †" Pinacosuchus mantiensis" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- "Pinna"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Pinna kingi"
   BULLET::::- †"Cranioceras teres"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cratogeomys"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cratogeomys castanops"
  
  BULLET::::- "Crotalus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Crotalus atrox"
  
  BULLET::::- "Crotaphytus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Crotaphytus collaris"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cryptotis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cryptotis parva"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cuvieronius"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cuvieronius tropicus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cyanocitta" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cynarctoides"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cynarctoides acridens"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cynarctoides gawnae" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cynelos"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cynelos sinapius"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cynomys"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cynomys gunnisoni"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cynomys ludovicianus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cyrtonyx" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cyrtonyx montezumae"
  
  Section::::D.
  
  BULLET::::- †"Daphoenodon"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Daphoenodon neomexicanus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Daphoenodon robustum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Deltatherium"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Deltatherium fundaminis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Desmatippus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Desmatippus tyleri" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- †"Desmatochoerus"
   BULLET::::- †"Cardium spillmani"
  
  BULLET::::- "Caryocorbula"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Caveola"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cenomanocarcinus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cenomanocarcinus robertsi"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cerithium"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cerithium weeksi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Chesapeakiceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Chesapeakiceras nodatum" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- "Clavagella"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Clavagella armata"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Clidastes" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- "Cliona"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Clisocolus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Coelosaurus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Coelosaurus antiquus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Corbula"
  
  BULLET::::- "Crassatella"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Crassatella newkirkensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Crassatella vadosa"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Crenella"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Crenella serica"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cretodus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cretodus borodini"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cretolamna"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cretolamna appendiculata"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cryptotexanites"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cryptotexanites paedomorphicus" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- "Cucullaea"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cucullaea tippana"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cucullaea vulgaris"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cuspidaria"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cuspidaria grandis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cylichna"
   BULLET::::- c.4,250 Ma – Earliest evidence for life, based on unusually high amounts of light isotopes of carbon, a common sign of life, found in Earth's oldest mineral deposits located in the Jack Hills of Western Australia.
   BULLET::::- "Palaeoaplysina" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeocapulus" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeocapulus acutirostre" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeocrinus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeocrinus hudsoni"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeocystites" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeolima"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeolima inequicostata"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeoneilo"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeostylus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeotextularia"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeozygopleura"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palaeozygopleura parva" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †" Palecocrinus" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †" Paleochiton"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Paleochiton kindbladensis" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †" Paleohyperamum" – type locality for genus
  
  BULLET::::- †" Paleohyperamum pottsvillensis" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †" Paleotextularia"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Paleuthygramma"
   BULLET::::- †"Scaphites"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Scaphites hippocrepis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Sclerorhynchus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Serpula"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Solenoceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Solenoceras annulifer"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Sourimis" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- †"Sourimis georgiana"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Spiroxybeloceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Spiroxybeloceras meekanum"
  
  BULLET::::- "Spondylus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Squalicorax"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Squalicorax falcatus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Squalicorax kaupi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Squalicorax pristodontus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Squatina"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Squatina hassei"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Stephanodus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Submortoniceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Submortoniceras punctatum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Submortoniceras uddeni"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Syncyclonema"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Syncyclonema conradi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Syncyclonema simplicius"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Synodontaspis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Synodontaspis holmdelensis"
  
  Section::::T.
  
  BULLET::::- "Tellina"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Tenea"
  
  BULLET::::- "Terebratulina"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Terebratulina cooperi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Texanites"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Tintorium" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- †"Toxochelys"
  
  BULLET::::- "Trachycardium"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Trachycardium eufaulensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Trachycardium longstreeti" – tentative report
   BULLET::::- "Chaetodipus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Chaetodipus hispidus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Chamaecyparis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Chamaecyparis linguaefolia"
  
  BULLET::::- "Charina"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Charina prebottae"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cheilophis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cheilophis huerfanoensis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Chelydra"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Chelydra serpentina"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Chelydrops"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Chelydrops stricta" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- "Chrysemys"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Chrysemys picta"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Chumashius"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cladrastis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cladrastis prelutea" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- "Clethrionomys"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Clethrionomys gapperi" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- "Cnemidophorus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cnemidophorus sexlineatus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cocculus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cocculus rotunda" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Colodon"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Colodon cingulatus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Colodon occidentalis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Coluber"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Coluber constrictor"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Conuropsis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Conuropsis fratercula" – type locality for species
   Section::::Paleoecology.:Stratigraphy.
  
  The stratigraphy of the Kirtlandian was studied by Robert M. Sullivan and Spencer G. Lucas in 2003, Sullivan in 2006a, Lucas and Sullivan in 2006b, and Nicholas R. Longrich in 2010.
  
  Section::::Paleoecology.:Stratigraphy.:Local faunas.
   BULLET::::- †"Clavilithes humerosus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Coluber"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Coluber constrictor" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- "Conomitra"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Conomitra hammakeri"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Conomitra jacksonensis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Conopeum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Conopeum damicornis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Conus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Conus sauridens"
  
  BULLET::::- "Corbula"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Corbula subcompressa"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cornulina"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Cornulina dalli"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Coronia"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Coronia childreni"
  
  BULLET::::- "Crassostrea"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Crassostrea alabamensis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Crotalus"
  
  BULLET::::- "Cytherea" – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  
  Section::::D.
  
  BULLET::::- "Dasyatis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Dentalium"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Diaphyodus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Diaphyodus wilsoni"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Diplobunops" – or unidentified comparable form
  
  BULLET::::- †"Diplobunops matthewi"
  
  BULLET::::- "Diplodonta"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Diplodonta bulla"
  
  Section::::E.
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eocenidris" – type locality for genus
   BULLET::::- †"Eopleurotoma gemmavia"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eopleurotoma julia"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eopleurotoma lisboncola"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eopleurotoma nodocarinata"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eopleurotoma nupera"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eopleurotoma sayi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eosurcula"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eosurcula moorei"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eosurcula pulcherrima"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eosurcula tuomeyi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eotorpedo"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eotorpedo jaeckeli"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eotorpedo jaekeli"
  
  BULLET::::- "Epilucina"
  
  BULLET::::- "Epistominella"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Epistominella pontoni"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Epistominella vitrea"
  
  BULLET::::- "Epitonium"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Epitonium unilineata"
  
  BULLET::::- "Equus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Equus complicatus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Erkosonea"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Erkosonea semota"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Eromotherium"
  
  BULLET::::- "Ervilia"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Ervilia exteroaevis" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Ervilia exterolaevis" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †"Ervilia lamelloexteria" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- "Erycina"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Erycina zitteli"
  
  BULLET::::- "Escharella"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Escharella granulosa"
   BULLET::::- †" Deussenia microstriata"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Dircella"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Dircella spillmani"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Discoscaphites"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Discoscaphites iris"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Dolicholatirus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Dolicholatirus torquatus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Dreissensia"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Dreissensia tippana"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Drepanochilus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Drepanochilus quadriliratus"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Drilluta"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Drilluta communis"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Drilluta dimurorum" – type locality for species
  
  BULLET::::- †" Drilluta distans"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Drilluta major"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Dysnoetopora" – type locality for genus
  
  BULLET::::- †" Dysnoetopora celleporoides" – type locality for species
  
  Section::::E.
  
  BULLET::::- †" Ecphora"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Ecphora proquadricostata"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Ellipsoscapha"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Ellipsoscapha cylindrica"
  
  BULLET::::- †" Enchodus"
   BULLET::::- †"Archaeodictyomitra rigida"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeodictyomitra simplex"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeodictyomitra siplex"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeodictyomitra sliteri"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeodictyomitra vulgaris"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeohagiastrum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeohagiastrum minutum" – or unidentified related form
  
  BULLET::::- "Archaeolithothamnium"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeopus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeopus antennatus"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeospongoprunum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeospongoprunum carrierensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeospongoprunum cortinaensis"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeospongoprunum elegans" – or unidentified related form
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeospongoprunum imlayi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeospongoprunum klingi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeospongoprunum macrostylum" – or unidentified related form
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeospongoprunum praeimlayi"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeospongoprunum praelongum"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Archaeospongoprunum tehamaensis"
  
  BULLET::::- "Architectonica" – tentative report
  
  BULLET::::- "Arcopagia"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Arcopagia tehama"
  
  BULLET::::- "Arctica"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Arctica anthracocola"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Arctica denmanensis" – or unidentified related form
  
  BULLET::::- †"Arctoceras"
  
  BULLET::::- †"Arctoceras tuberculatum"
  