question: How do phones know they are going to run out of battery in x seconds?
comment: There’s two things going on here; the phone has memorized discharge profiles so if it recognizes the power dropping along a recognized curve, it can anticipate when that will drop below the operating level of the phone. But besides that, phones always turn off before the battery is fully discharged in order to avoid stressing the chemicals in the battery. So the phone isn’t really running out of battery, it’s just approaching a threshold at which it is no longer safe to keep the phone on. So the phone can decide when to turn off. Since the phone is deciding when to turn off, it can give you an estimated time, and stick to that estimate unless you do something to more rapidly drain it in the meantime.
passages: A patent filed by the corporation, published in late July 2013, revealed the development of a new iPhone battery system that uses location data in combination with data on the user's habits to moderate the handsets power settings accordingly. Apple is working towards a power management system that will provide features such as the ability to estimate the length of time a user will be away from a power source to modify energy usage and a detection function that adjusts the charging rate to best suit the type of power source that is being used.
  
  Section::::Hardware.:Battery.:Controversy.
   A patent filed in July 2013 revealed the development of a new iPhone battery system that uses location data in combination with data on the user's habits to moderate the handsets power settings accordingly. Apple is working towards a power management system that will provide features such as the ability of the iPhone to estimate the length of time a user will be away from a power source to modify energy usage and a detection function that adjusts the charging rate to best suit the type of power source that is being used.
   A BMS may monitor the state of the battery as represented by various items, such as:
  
  BULLET::::- Voltage: total voltage, voltages of individual cells, minimum and maximum cell voltage or voltage of periodic taps
  
  BULLET::::- Temperature: average temperature, coolant intake temperature, coolant output temperature, or temperatures of individual cells
  
  BULLET::::- State of charge (SOC) or depth of discharge (DOD), to indicate the charge level of the battery
  
  BULLET::::- State of health (SOH), a variously-defined measurement of the remaining capacity of the battery as % of the original capacity
   BULLET::::- F-1 periodically sends a burst of 3 telemetry packets with the same content, to avoid loss of packet
  
  BULLET::::- Time in UTC, 24 hours format
  
  BULLET::::- Year count starting from 2012 (2012 equals 0, 2013 equals 1 and so on...)
  
  BULLET::::- Battery voltage reading is accurate to 0.01V, values are multiplied by 100. Divide by 100 to get actual value.
  
  BULLET::::- Solar cells voltage reading is accurate to 0.1V, values are multiplied by 10. Divide by 10 to get actual value.
   This model is different from the other models discovered because it relies only on knowledge of the battery discharge voltage curve and access to battery voltage sensor which is available in all modern Smartphones. The basic idea for this model technique is to use battery state of discharge with running training software programs to control phone component power and activity states. Each individual Smartphone component is held in a specific state for a significant period of time and the change in battery state of discharge is captured using built-in battery voltage sensors. The first challenging idea is to convert battery voltage readings into power consumption. This is determined by state of discharge (which is total consumed energy by battery) variation within a testing interval captured by voltage sensors that will eventually drive the following equation.
   Once a mobile has found a strong pilot channel, it listens to the sync channel and decodes a Sync Channel Message to develop a highly accurate synchronization to system time. At this point the mobile knows whether it is roaming, and that it is "in service". 
   Section::::Principle of CASY technology.
   The following table shows the types of mobile sensors from which each software package is capable of collecting passive data. Note that the type of data collected depends on availability of the appropriate sensor on the smartphone.
  
  Section::::Support for behavioral studies.
  
  The following table contains information regarding availability of functions, within each software package, that support behavioral experiments for scientific purposes.
  
  Section::::Battery management.
  
  The following table contains information relative to battery management for each software package. As passive data collection from smartphone sensors is a battery-intensive process, methods to maximize battery performance are important for this type of software.
   A company spokesperson stated that it had received 35 reports of battery failure, which "account for less than 0.1 percent of the entire volume sold". Samsung stated that the hazard was limited to a small fraction of phones manufactured, and released a tool on its website on 19 September to identify affected units by their unique IMEI numbers.
   BULLET::::- In Japan, at two minutes past midnight, Osaka Media Port, a telecommunications carrier, found errors in the date management part of the company's network. The problem was fixed by 02:43 and no services were disrupted.
  
  BULLET::::- In Japan, NTT Mobile Communications Network (NTT DoCoMo), Japan's largest cellular operator, reported on 1 January 2000, that some models of mobile telephones were deleting new messages received, rather than the older messages, as the memory filled up.
  
  BULLET::::- In Australia, bus ticket validation machines in two states failed to operate.
   battery desires to be charged and discharged in constant rate such as Coulomb-counting. This method gives precise estimation of battery SoC, but they are protracted, costly, and interrupt main battery performance. Therefore, researchers are looking for some online techniques. In general there are five methods to determine SoC indirectly:
  
  BULLET::::- chemical
  
  BULLET::::- voltage
  
  BULLET::::- current integration
  
  BULLET::::- Kalman filtering
  
  BULLET::::- pressure
  
  Section::::Determining SoC.:Chemical method.
   BULLET::::- Alarm:Daily:Test action button: Selects one of three alarm modes. Pressing the Alarm button multiple times will set Roboboa to wake up and play an alarm that many hours in the future, i.e. two presses sets the Alarm for 2 hours. The maximum setting is 16 hours. Five seconds after the last press of Alarm, Roboboa will enter Sleep mode until the alarm time elapses. After setting an Alarm, it can be flagged as a daily recurring Alarm by holding the Alarm button for 2 seconds to activate Daily alarm mode. Test will demonstrate Roboboa's alarm sounds, lights and actions.
   No successful cell reselection shall have taken place within the previous 15 seconds unless Mobility Management (MM) requests a cell reselection. The MS-MLE shall check the criterion for serving cell relinquishment as often as one neighbour cell is scanned or monitored.
  
  Section::::Technical details.:Cell selection.:Radio down-link failure.
   Section::::Integrated battery testers.
  
  There are many types of integrated battery testers, each one corresponding to a specific condition testing procedure, according to the type of battery being tested, such as the “421” test for lead-acid vehicle batteries. Their common principle is based on the empirical fact that after having applied a given current for a given number of seconds to the battery, the resulting voltage output is related to the battery's overall condition, when compared to a healthy battery's output.
  
  Section::::External links.
  
  BULLET::::- Power Equipment Engine Technology By Edward Abdo
  
  BULLET::::- Automotive Technology: A Systems Approach By Jack Erjavec
   The Xperia 1 also comes with Battery Care, Sony's proprietary charging algorithm that controls the charging process of the phone through machine learning. It recognizes the user's charging habits for a certain period and automatically adjusts itself to the pattern, for example an overnight charge, by stopping the initial charging to about 80-90 percent, and then continuing it until full from where it left off the next day. This effectively prevents the unnecessary damage to the battery's cells from excessive heat and current due to overcharging, further increasing the battery's life span.
  
  Section::::Audio and Connectivity.
   MobiAlerts is a service launched in November 2011 that is preloaded onto carrier handsets to allow the carrier to send alerts to consumers when they are nearing their usage limits for voice, data, and text. Different from typical SMS messages, the MobiAlerts record the user opening and acknowledging the information, which is then sent back to the carrier for confirmation.
   BULLET::::- 6 April: It has now been 30 days since Flight 370 presumably crashed in the southern Indian Ocean; the minimum battery life of the ULBs on Flight 370's flight recorders. The manufacturer of the ULBs predicts the maximum battery life is about 40 days.
   Section::::Measurement of QoS.
  
  The QoS in industry is also measured from the perspective of an expert (e.g. teletraffic engineer). This involves assessing the network to see if it delivers the quality that the network planner has been required to target. Certain tools and methods (protocol analysers, drive tests and Operation and Maintenance measurements), are used for this QoS measurement:
  
  BULLET::::- Protocol analysers are connected to BTSs, BSCs, and MSCs for a period of time to check for problems in the cellular network. When a problem is discovered the staff can record it and it can be analysed.
   Section::::Differences between CASY and Coulter cell counting.
   performance of a particular product. Mobile analytics provide to their customers telemetry. The telemetry is important because it contains solutions related to mobile web and telephone services. For instance, if a particular application on a mobile device crashes, the logs can be sent showing specific details of the issue. It is also possible that telemetry related to mobile handset user webpage views and click
  
  behavior is also included
  
  Section::::Updates.:Problems with Carrier IQ's clarification.
   Users started reporting battery drain issues after the February security update. The battery drain become worse after the April security updates. Google is looking for a fix.
  
  Users are reporting proximity sensor issues. Google is aware of the issue and looking for a fix.
  
  Some users are having issues making calls and receiving MMS messages. Google claims these issues are fixed but users are still complaining about them.
   Computers may give a signal to users that an internal standby battery needs replacement. Portable computers using rechargeable batteries generally give the user some indication of the remaining operating time left on the battery. A Smart Battery System uses a controller integrated with an interchangeable battery pack to provide a more accurate indication of the state of battery charge. 
  
  Section::::Batteries not part of a system.
   Where E is the rated battery energy capacity and SOD (Vi) is the battery state of discharge at voltage Vi and P is the average power consumption in the time interval t1 and t2. The state of discharge can be estimated using look up table where the relationship between present voltage and SOD is captured. Determining the energy is also an issue because the energy is changing as the battery gets old. The new batteries have the total energy written on their back but the value can’t be true for all time. It can estimate the energy at highest and lowest discharge rate to decrease the error. The internal resistance also has significant impact on the discharged current. To decrease the effect of internal resistance all the phone components can be switched to their lowest power modes to minimize the discharge current when taking a voltage reading. Finally, this method uses a piece-wise linear function to model the non-linear relationship between SOF and battery voltage.
   BULLET::::- The GSM standard includes two VAD options developed by ETSI. Option 1 computes the SNR in nine bands and applies a threshold to these values. Option 2 calculates different parameters: channel power, voice metrics, and noise power. It then thresholds the voice metrics using a threshold that varies according to the estimated SNR.
   No further attempt was taken to make contact during the weekend in order to preserve and recharge the satellite's battery. All passes were supervised.
  
  There was total silence until 4 March at 17:52 where the ground station in Aalborg requestes and received a beacon. The beacon showed an uptime of 1 day 19 hours, that everything was working, and that more than 7,000 AIS messages had been received. Everything went back to normal. The requested beacon also showed a high number of reboots, possibly due to low battery voltage.
  
presuppositions: A phone knows when it's going to run out of battery in seconds. Phones run out of battery when they turn off
corrections: A phone isn't really running out of battery but is more approaching a threshold at which it's no longer safe to keep the phone on. Phones turn off at a certain threshold where it is no longer safe to keep the phone on.
raw_presuppositions: A phone knows when it's going to run out of battery in seconds. Phones run out of battery when they turn off
raw_corrections: A phone isn't really running out of battery but is more approaching a threshold at which it's no longer safe to keep the phone on. Phones turn off at a certain threshold where it is no longer safe to keep the phone on.