question: Why are banana bags (the IV fluid) yellow?
comment: One of the components of a banana bag is a multi-vitamin injection (MVI). This contains vitamin B2, which is yellow in color due to the chemical structure of riboflavin (B2). Same reason that taking a multi-vitamin as a tablet may cause your urine to be a bright yellow or orange color.
passages: BULLET::::5. Yellow, yellowish purulent – containing pus. "The sputum color of patients with acute cough and no underlying chronic lung disease does not imply therapeutic consequences such as prescription of antibiotics." The color can provide hints as to effective treatment in chronic bronchitis patients:
  
  BULLET::::1. A yellow-greenish (mucopurulent) color suggests that treatment with antibiotics can reduce symptoms. The green color is caused by degenerating neutrophil verdoperoxidase.
   The solution is typically infused over four to eight hours or as per physician's orders.
  
  Section::::Uses.
  
  Banana bags are used in the intensive care unit to correct acute magnesium deficiencies. They are stated to be beneficial for patients with terminal illness because magnesium can mitigate nerve pain and relieve muscle pain and cramps.
   There are many different ways of detecting 7DHC levels in blood plasma, one way is using the Liebermann–Burchard (LB) reagent. This is a simple colorimetric assay developed with the intention of use for large scale screening. When treated with the LB reagent, SLOS samples turn pink immediately and gradually become blue; normal blood samples are initially colorless and develop a faint blue color. Although this method has limitations and is not used to give a definitive diagnosis, it has appeal in that it is a much faster method than using cell cultures.
   BULLET::::- Rosacea – Rosacea is a skin condition that results in dilated facial blood vessels with redness sometimes combined with pustules. A green concealer should be applied to the affected areas to neutralize redness.
  
  BULLET::::- Vitiligo
  
  BULLET::::- Chloasma
  
  BULLET::::- Cutaneous lupus erythematosus
  
  BULLET::::- Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate
  
  BULLET::::- Veins
  
  BULLET::::- Burns – A burn is a type of injury to the skin caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, light, radiation or friction. It can be camouflaged using green concealer.
   Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a useful procedure in detecting the presence of abnormal renal mass in the urinary tract. This procedure involves the injection of a contrasting dye into the arm of the patient. The dye travels from the blood stream and into the kidneys which in time, passes into the kidneys and bladder. This test is not necessary if a CT or MRI scan has been conducted.
  
  Section::::Diagnosis.:Radiology.:Renal angiography.
   Jamaican vomiting sickness
  
  Jamaican vomiting sickness is an acute illness caused by the toxins hypoglycin A and hypoglycin B, which are present in fruit of the ackee tree. While in the fully ripened arils, hypoglycin A is at levels of less than 0.1 ppm, in unripe arils it can be over 1000 ppm; and cause vomiting and even death. Some countries in the Caribbean and Western Africa experience frequent cases. 
  
  Section::::Presentation.
   Export bananas are picked green, and ripen in special rooms upon arrival in the destination country. These rooms are air-tight and filled with ethylene gas to induce ripening. The vivid yellow color consumers normally associate with supermarket bananas is, in fact, caused by the artificial ripening process. Flavor and texture are also affected by ripening temperature. Bananas are refrigerated to between during transport. At lower temperatures, ripening permanently stalls, and the bananas turn gray as cell walls break down. The skin of ripe bananas quickly blackens in the environment of a domestic refrigerator, although the fruit inside remains unaffected.
   A 2008 study reported that ripe bananas fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light. This property is attributed to the degradation of chlorophyll leading to the accumulation of a fluorescent product in the skin of the fruit. The chlorophyll breakdown product is stabilized by a propionate ester group. Banana-plant leaves also fluoresce in the same way. Green bananas do not fluoresce. The study suggested that this allows animals which can see light in the ultraviolet spectrum (tetrachromats and pentachromats) to more easily detect ripened bananas.
  
  Section::::Modern cultivation.:Storage and transport.
   Its skin is yellow, but its insides are white.
  
  The term "banana" is also referenced in the episode's title.
  
  BULLET::::- Crazy Rich Asians
  
  "She thinks you’re some kind of unrefined banana—yellow on the outside, white on the inside." br
  
  Goh Peik Lin (Awkwafina) telling Rachel Chu (Constance Wu) that she is a banana
  
  Section::::See also.
  
  BULLET::::- Coconut (slur) – similar term used for South Asians and indigenous Australians
  
  BULLET::::- List of ethnic slurs
  
  BULLET::::- Twinkie (slur) – synonym for "banana" (yellow on the outside, white on the inside)
  
  Section::::Further reading.
   Banana bag
  
  A banana bag (or rally pack) is a bag of IV fluids containing vitamins and minerals. The bags typically contain thiamine, folic acid, and magnesium sulfate, and are usually used to correct nutritional deficiencies or chemical imbalances in the human body. The solution has a yellow color, hence the term "banana bag".
  
  Section::::Composition.
  
  The typical composition of a banana bag is 1 liter of normal saline (sodium chloride 0.9%) with:
  
  BULLET::::- Thiamine 100 mg
  
  BULLET::::- Folic acid 1 mg
  
  BULLET::::- Multivitamin for infusion (MVI), 1 ampule
  
  BULLET::::- Magnesium sulfate 3 g
   There are a number of control methods to prevent and reduce the Banana Freckle disease. The paper bag method seems to be the most effective way to gain physical control of the pathogen. The infected leaves are the primary source of spores, and placing a bag over the bananas, once harvested, creates a barrier to prevent inoculum from spreading to the fruit.
   Lateral flow test is one of the blood testing methods used, in which a blood sample or oral fluid is placed on a strip of paper. In this method, a colored band indicates infection.
   A group from Brazil identified a Haff disease outbreak in the State of Bahia that lasted from December 2016 to April 2017, with 67 cases identified. In August 2018, a couple from São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, fell ill and needed semi-intensive hospital care after eating fish of the species known in Portuguese as "arabaiana" or "olho-de-boi" (ox-eye), possibly the southern yellowtail amberjack, Seriola lalandi, which they had bought in the city of Fortaleza, State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil, and, according to them, looked "perfect". The day following their admission to hospital the patients already presented an alteration of their urine, which, according to the woman who fell ill, "was very dark, indeed looked like Coca-Cola".
   Typically, diagnosis involves several preliminary tests of immune function, including basic evaluation of the humoral immune system and the cell-mediated immune system. A WBC differential will reveal extremely elevated levels of neutrophils (on the order of 6-10x normal) because they are unable to leave the blood vessels. 
  
  In the case of LAD-I, specific diagnosis is done by flow cytometry. This technique will reveal absent or reduced CD18 expression in the leukocyte membrane. Recently, prenatal diagnosis systems has been established, allowing an early detection of the disease.
   BULLET::::- Schizonts are not seen on peripheral blood smears
  
  BULLET::::- Multiple pigment granules (hemozoin) are present within the erythrocytes
  
  Pigment granules are refractile and yellow to brown in colour.
  
  Section::::Pathology.
  
  Infections with most "Haemoproteus" species appear to produce subclinical infections.
  
  Post-mortem findings include enlargement of the spleen, liver and kidneys. These organs may appear chocolate-brown due to hemozoin deposition. Cytologic imprints may reveal schizont-laden endothelial cells. Some species of "Haemoproteus" will also form large, cyst-like bodies within the skeletal muscles that resembling those seen with "Sarcocystis" species infections.
   In the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, diseases are not recognized unless they become large or unusual. Between November 1995 and June 1996, almost 109 children admitted to the University Hospital in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, presented with acute renal failure. By June 1996, with no idea what was causing the epidemic, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Haiti representative contacted the World Health Organization (WHO, the parent agency of PAHO), and WHO requested that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigate.
   In histology and microscopy, Congo red is used for staining in amyloidosis, and for the cell walls of plants and fungi, and for the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Apple-green birefringence of Congo red stained preparations under polarized light is indicative of the presence of amyloid fibrils. Additionally, Congo red is used for the diagnostics of the "Shigella flexneri" serotype 2a, where the dye binds the bacterium's unique lipopolysaccharide structure.
   When a patient admitted for a heart attack developed the mysterious illness at the hospital, Dr. Nestor Sosa, an infectious disease specialist, analyzed the medical record. Because patients treated with Lisinopril developed a cough (a common side effect of ACE inhibitors), they were prescribed an expectorant. Immediately, biological samples and the syrup were sent by jet to CDC for analysis. When urine analyses for a series of metals, pesticides or their metabolites resulted negative, CDC scientists recalled the Nigeria and Haiti incidents. The CDC employed modern laboratory equipment to analyze the samples and confirm the results: the samples contained approximately 8% v/v DEG. Later, raw glycerin was analyzed and results revealed 22.2% v/v DEG.
   BULLET::::- Sputum culture or bronchoalveolar lavage culture demonstrating the infection is caused by MAC
  
  Disseminated MAC is most readily diagnosed by one positive blood culture. Blood cultures should be performed in patients with symptoms, signs, or laboratory abnormalities compatible with mycobacterium infection. Blood cultures are not routinely recommended for asymptomatic persons, even for those who have CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts less than 100 cells/uL.
  
  Section::::Diagnosis.:HIV infection.
  
  MAC in patients with HIV disease is theorized to represent recent acquisition rather than latent infection reactivating (which is the case in many other opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients).
   BULLET::::- Early IRS pressings featured the cover tinted orange with black lettering. This cover variation was not authorized by the band. According to a late-80s interview with "Goldmine" magazine, IRS told the band they wanted to make the domestic version different from the Cherry Red import, to which Biafra claimed to have told IRS, "Yeah, inferior to the original — change it back!" During a 1981 performance at the in Washington, D.C., Biafra mentions, "Some of you stooped so low as to buy our wonderful album, even with the shitty Disneyland orange cover which was "not" our idea."
   The latest guidelines for segregation of bio-medical waste recommend the following color coding - 
  
  BULLET::::- Red Bag - Syringes (without needles), soiled gloves, catheters, IV tubes etc. should be all disposed of in a red colored bag, which will later be incinerated.
  
  BULLET::::- Yellow Bag - All dressings, bandages and cotton swabs with body fluids, blood bags, human anatomical waste, body parts are to be discarded in yellow bags.
  
  BULLET::::- Carboard box with blue marking - Glass vials, ampules, other glass ware is to be discarded in a cardboard box with a blue marking/sticker.
   Bananas can be ordered by the retailer "ungassed" ("i.e." not treated with ethylene), and may show up at the supermarket fully green. (green bananas) that have not been gassed will never fully ripen before becoming rotten. Instead of fresh eating, these bananas can be used for cooking, as seen in Jamaican cuisine.
   Section::::Molecular biology.
  
  There are about one million copies of this protein per erythrocyte. [Reference needed]
  
  Section::::Blood groups.
  
  The MNS blood group was the second set of antigens discovered. M and N were identified in 1927 by Landsteiner and Levine. S and s in were described later in 1947.
  
  The frequencies of these antigens are
  
  BULLET::::- M: 78% Caucasoid; 74% Negroid
  
  BULLET::::- N: 72% Caucasoid; 75% Negroid
  
  BULLET::::- S: 55% Caucasoid; 31% Negroid
  
  BULLET::::- s: 89% Caucasoid; 93% Negroid
  
  Section::::Molecular medicine.
  
  Section::::Molecular medicine.:Transfusion medicine.
   Now part of Vilmorin & Cie, the Vegetable Seeds activity has been a major business for Limagrain since 1975. It targets the professional markets of growers and canners. Vilmorin & Cie provides them with vegetable seeds with high added value, and is the second largest company in the world on this market.
  
  BULLET::::- Bakery and Cereal Ingredients
   Section::::Symptoms.
  
  Two external symptoms help characterize Panama disease of banana:
  
  BULLET::::- Yellow leaf syndrome, the yellowing of the border of the leaves which eventually leads to bending of the petiole.
  
  BULLET::::- Green leaf syndrome, which occurs in certain cultivars, marked by the persistence of the green color of the leaves followed by the bending of the petiole as in yellow leaf syndrome. Internally, the disease is characterized by a vascular discoloration. This begins in the roots and rhizomes with a yellowing that proceeds to a reddish-brown color in the pseudostem, as the pathogen blocks the plant's nutrient and water transport.
  