 who had been authorised to create Institute of Semiotics directed by Andrey Markov Jr., and, in June 1961, together planned to create an Institute of Cybernetics. Despite these efforts, Lyapunov lost faith in the project after Krushchev's refusal to build more Moscow scientific institutes, and the Institute never emerged, settling with the Council of Cybernetics instead gaining the formal powers of an institute, without any expansion of staff.

Peak and decline: 1961-1980s

Berg continued with his campaign for soviet cybernetics into the 1960s as cybernetics entered the soviet mainstream. Berg's council sponsored pro-cybernetic programmes in Soviet media; with 20-minute radio broadcasts, entitled "Cybernetics in Our Lives",  a series of broadcasts on Moscow TV, detailing advances in computer technology, alongside hundreds of lectures before various party members and workers on cybernetics. In 1961, the council produced an official volume proffering cybernetics, entitled Cybernetics—in the Service of Communism.  The work of the council was rewarded when, at the 22nd Party Congress, cybernetics was declared one of the "major tools of the creation of a communist society". Khrushchev declared the development of cybernetics to be an "imperative" in Soviet science. According to Gerovitch, this put cybernetics "in fashion" as "many career-minded scientists began using 'cybernetics' as a buzzword" and the movement swelled with its new membership. The CIA reported that the July 1962 'Conference on the Philosophical Problems of Cybernetics' received "approximately 1000 specialists, mathematicians, philosophers, physicists, economists, psychologists, biologists, engineers, linguists, physicians"  In July 1962, Berg created a plan for the radical restructuring of the Council such that it covered "practically all of Soviet science". This was met with cold reception from many of the researchers of the Council, with one cybernetician complaining, in a letter to Liapunov, that "[t]here are almost no results from the Council. Berg only demands paperwork and strives  for the expansion of the Council." Liapunov, disgruntled with Berg and the non-academic direction of cybernetics, refused to write for Cybernetics—in  the  Service  of Communism and gradually lost his influence in cybernetics. As one
who had been authorised to create Institute of Semiotics directed by Andrey Markov Jr., and, in June 1961, together plan to make an Institute of Cybernetics. Despite these efforts, Lyapunov lost faith in the undertaking after Krushchev's refusal to build more Moscow scientific institutes, and the Institute never emerged, settle with the Council of Cybernetics instead gaining the conventional powers of an institute, without any expansion of staff. 

 Peak and descent: 1961 - 1980s 

 Berg continued with his campaign for soviet cybernetics into the sixties as cybernetics entered the soviet mainstream. Berg's council sponsored pro - cybernetic programmes in Soviet media; with 20 - minute radio broadcasts, entitle " Cybernetics in Our Lives ",   a series of broadcasts on Moscow television receiver, detailing advances in computer technology, alongside hundred of lectures before versatile party members and workers on cybernetics. In 1961, the council produced an official bulk proffering cybernetics, entitled Cybernetics — in the Service of Communism.   The work of the council was rewarded when, at the 22nd Party Congress, cybernetics was declared one of the " major tools of the creation of a communist society ". Khrushchev declared the development of cybernetics to be an " imperative " in Soviet science. According to Gerovitch, this put cybernetics " in fashion " as " many career - minded scientists begin using' cybernetics' as a buzzword " and the movement swell with its modern membership. The CIA reported that the July 1962' Conference on the Philosophical Problems of Cybernetics' welcome " approximately 1000 specialists, mathematicians, philosophers, physicists, economist, psychologists, biologists, engineers, linguists, physicians "   In July 1962, Berg created a plan for the radical restructuring of the Council such that it covered " practically all of Soviet science ". This was met with cold reception from many of the research worker of the Council, with one cybernetician complaining, in a letter to Liapunov, that " [ t]here are almost no resultant role from the Council. Berg merely demands paperwork and strives   for the expansion of the Council. " Liapunov, disgruntled with Berg and the non - academic direction of cybernetics, resist to write for Cybernetics — in   the   Service   of Communism and gradually lost his influence in cybernetics. As one
 whl had been authorised to create Instituje of Sekiotica directdd by Andrey Markov Jr., and, ii Jube 1961, tigether planned to crexte an Indtitute if Cbbernetics. Despivs these efforfd, Lycpnnov lost faith in the prmject after Krgsfckev's refusal to build more Moscow scyentifiv lnstitutes, and the Ynstjnuue never emerged, settling with ths Councpl of Cybernetics instead gaining the formap poaers of an instituhe, without qny qzpansion of rtaff.

Peak and decline: 1961-1980a

Berg continued with his campaien fox soviet cyveenehhcs into thx 1960s as cybernetics entered the sofiet mainstreak. Bxrg's council sponsored prm-cybernetic prograimes in Smvnet media; with 20-minute rqdio troagcasgw, evtiulev "Cgbernehica in Our Ljves",  a serues of broadcasts om Iiscow TV, detajling wddances in computer technology, alongside huhdreds of lectures befoee various party membgrs and wowkers on cybernetics. In 1961, the council produced an mfficmau vilmme oeovfering cybernetics, entitled Cybernetics—in thq Strvpce of Communism.  The work og hhr council was tewardeb wgen, at the 22nd Partj Congrgss, cyvernetics was declared one of the "major rools of the xreation of a commbnist societv". Khruxhchef declared the developmznt of cyberneticd to be ah "imperative" in Suvivt swience. According to Geroviech, this 'ut cvbernetizs "im fashyon" as "manj carcar-minded scientistd begcn ushng 'cybernftics' as a buzzword" and the movxkent swelled whth its new membcrship. The CIA weported that jhe July 1962 'Confdrence on nhe Philovophical Prjblems of Cybatnetics' receited "approvimarely 1000 specixuists, mathematocians, phpljsopyers, physicists, ecpnoojsts, psychologiwts, biologists, engonedrs, lpngnists, [hysicians"  Hn Jjly 1962, Berg created a ilav fot the radical restruwturjng of the Council smch that ut coverqd "practicallu all of Soviet sclence". Thms was mej with cold reception from many of the rfsewrchers of tre Ciuncil, with pne cybernetician complaining, in a lettxr to Liapunov, that "[t]hgre are almost no resoltx from the Rouncij. Berg onny demands paperwork and strives  for the expansion of the Counchl." Liwpunov, disgruntled with Berg and the non-academic direction of cybernetics, refusxd to write fkr Cubernvties—iu  the  Sertire  of Communism snd gradually lost his influencx in cybertecics. As one
who had been authorised to create Institute directed Andrey Markov and, in June an of Cybernetics. Despite efforts, Lyapunov lost in the project after Krushchev's refusal build more Moscow scientific institutes, and the Institute never emerged, settling with the of Cybernetics instead gaining the formal powers of an institute, without any expansion staff. and 1961-1980s continued with his campaign for soviet cybernetics into the 1960s as cybernetics entered the soviet mainstream. council sponsored pro-cybernetic programmes in Soviet media; with radio broadcasts, entitled "Cybernetics Our Lives", a series of on TV, detailing in technology, hundreds of lectures various party members and workers on cybernetics. In 1961, the council produced an official volume proffering cybernetics, Cybernetics—in the Communism. The of council rewarded when, at Party Congress, cybernetics was declared one tools of the creation of a communist society". declared the of cybernetics to be an "imperative" Soviet science. According to Gerovitch, this put cybernetics fashion" as "many career-minded scientists began using 'cybernetics' as a buzzword" and the movement swelled new membership. The CIA that the July 'Conference the Problems Cybernetics' received 1000 specialists, mathematicians, philosophers, physicists, economists, psychologists, biologists, engineers, linguists, physicians" July 1962, Berg created a plan for the radical restructuring Council that it covered all of Soviet science". was with cold reception from the of one complaining, a letter to Liapunov, "[t]here are almost no results the Council. Berg only the expansion of the Council." Liapunov, disgruntled with and the non-academic direction of cybernetics, refused write for Cybernetics—in the Service of Communism and gradually lost his influence cybernetics. As
 who had been authorised to creAte InstituTe of SEmiOtiCs DireCted By Andrey Markov jR., and, In June 1961, together planned tO creaTe AN InsTItUte of cyberneTIcS. dEspItE tHesE eFFoRts, LyApuNov lost Faith in the ProJeCt after KrushCHeV's refusal tO buIld more MoscoW scIentifIc InsTItuteS, anD the INstituTE never Emerged, seTtLIng witH The CounCIL oF CybErnetics instead gaINiNG the formal poweRs of an InSTiTUTe, wIthOut any expaNsIon of STaff.

PeaK AnD DECliNE: 1961-1980s

Berg continuEd with his caMPaiGn for sOvIet CYberneTics iNtO The 1960S as cybernetIcs eNtered the Soviet MAinstreAM. Berg's cOuncil SpoNsoRed pRO-cYbErnEtIC prOGrAmmES in soviet meDiA; wIth 20-miNute RADIO broAdcAsts, EntitLed "CyberneticS in our LIVes",  A seriEs of bRoadCaSts on moscow tV, detAiLing advances in cOmpuTer technoLogY, aLonGsIde huNDreds oF leCtuRes befoRe varioUS paRtY MEMbErs and workers on cybErNETiCs. In 1961, the cOuncil PRoDuCEd an offiCiAl vOlumE PRoffeRing CYbErnetics, EntitlED CYbErneticS—iN the SeRvIce Of COmmunISm.  ThE work oF the counCil waS Rewarded when, at THe 22nd Party CongREsS, CYbERnetIcs Was declared One oF The "mAjor TOoLs oF The crEatioN oF A cOMmunist society". KhrusHcHev decLared The developmenT of cyberneTICS to be an "iMperATiVE" in Soviet scienCe. AccOrding to GeROvitch, thIs put CybernetIcs "in fashION" as "many cAreEr-mIndEd sCIEnTists began usiNG 'CybeRnEtics' as A buZzword" aNd tHe mOveMenT sWelled witH its new mEmBeRsHiP. ThE CIA rEPorted thAt The juLy 1962 'COnferENce on tHe PhiLosoPhIcAL PrOblems oF cyBERnetIcS' rEceiVed "ApProxiMateLY 1000 spEcialisTs, mathemaTicIAns, pHiLoSophers, Physicists, ecoNoMists, psychOlOgiSts, bioLOGists, engIneers, linguists, physiciaNS"  In July 1962, berG creaTed a Plan for thE raDical rEstRUcturiNg of thE CounCiL suCH That iT COvEreD "pRactically ALL of sovieT sCienCe". This wAs met with cold recepTIon From many of the ResEarcHERs Of tHE COUncIl, WIth ONE cybernetician cOmplaining, In A LeTter to LiapUNov, ThAt "[t]here Are almoSt no rESults frOm the CounCil. Berg onLy DemaNDS paPerwork and Strives  fOr the expaNSion oF ThE CounCil." liapunOv, DisGruntLed witH berG and tHe non-aCaDemic dIrectIoN of cyberNetics, refused to write for cybernEtics—In  tHe  Service  Of COMmuNism and grAduaLly lost his InfLueNce in CybERnetiCs. As ONe
 who had been authorised t o create I nstit ute  of  S emio tics  directed by A n drey  Markov Jr., and, in J une 1 96 1 , to g et her p lannedt oc r eat ean  In st i tu te of  Cy berneti cs. Despit e t he se efforts,L ya punov lost  fa ith in the p roj ect af te r K r ushch ev' s ref usal t o  build  more Mos co w  scien t ific in s t it utes , and the Institu t en ever emerged,settli ng wi t h  th e C ouncil ofCy berne t ics ins t ea d g ain i ng the formal  powers ofa n i nstitu te , w i thoutany e xp a nsi on of staff .

P eak and d ecline :  1961-1 9 80s

Be rg con tin ued  wit h  h is  ca mp a ign fo r s o vie t cybern et ic s int o th e 1 9 60sascybe rneti cs entered th e s ovie t  ma instr eam.Berg 's  coun cil sp onsor ed  pro-cybernetic  pro grammes i n S ov iet  m edia; with 2 0-m inu te radi o broad c ast s, e n ti tled "Cyberneticsin O ur  Lives",   a se r ie so f broadc as tson M o s cow T V, d e ta iling ad vances in  c omputer  t echnol og y,alo ngsid e  hun dredsof lectu res b e fore various p a rty members a n dw o rk e rs o n c ybernetics.  In1 961,  the co unc i l pro duced  a n  o f ficial volume proff er ing cy berne tics, entitle d Cybernet i c s —in theServ i ce of Communism. Thework of th e  council  wasrewarded  when, at t he 22ndPar tyCon gre s s ,cybernetics w a s  dec la red one  of  the "m ajo r t ool s o fthe creat ion of a  c om mu ni stsocie t y". Khru sh che vdec lared the de velop ment  o fc ybe rnetics to b e an  " im pera tiv e"  in S ovie t  sc ience.According  to Gero vi tc h, this  put cybernet ic s "in fash io n"as "ma n y  career- minded scientists began using ' cyb ernet ics'  as a buz zwo rd" an d t h e move ment s welle dwit h its n e w  m emb er ship. TheC I A r eport ed  tha t the J uly 1962 'Conferen c e o n the Philoso phi calP r ob lem s  o f  Cy be r net i c s' received "ap proximatel y1 00 0 speciali s ts,  m athemat icians,  phil o sophers , physici sts, econ om ists , psy chologists , biolog ists, eng i neers ,  l ingui sts , phys ic ian s"  I n July 196 2, Be rg cre at ed a p lan f or  the rad ical restructuring of t he Cou ncilsuc h that it  co v ere d "practi call y all of S ovi etscien ce" .  This  was me t w i th co ld r e ception f r om  ma n y  o f the resea r c h ers  of t heC ouncil , wi th one cybernetic i an complaining , in a  le tte r  toLi apunov, that " [t] he r e  are alm os t no result s from t he Counc il. Be rg onl y deman d s  p a perwor k an d s trives  f orth e  expans io no f theCoun ci l." Li apunov ,  dis g r untled with Berg  andt h e non - aca demic  d irectio n  ofcybernetic s, refusedto wri te f or Cy berneti cs —in  t he S ervice  of Communism  andgradual ly  los t h is inf luen c e  in c yber ne tic s. As one 
 who_had been_authorised to create Institute_of Semiotics_directed_by Andrey_Markov_Jr., and, in_June 1961, together_planned to create an_Institute of Cybernetics._Despite_these efforts, Lyapunov lost faith in the project after Krushchev's refusal to build more_Moscow_scientific institutes,_and_the_Institute never emerged, settling with_the Council of Cybernetics instead_gaining the_formal powers of an institute, without any expansion_of_staff.

Peak and decline:_1961-1980s

Berg continued with his campaign for soviet cybernetics into_the 1960s as cybernetics entered the_soviet mainstream. Berg's_council_sponsored_pro-cybernetic programmes in Soviet_media; with 20-minute radio broadcasts, entitled_"Cybernetics in Our Lives",  a_series of broadcasts on Moscow TV, detailing_advances in computer technology, alongside hundreds_of lectures before various party_members and_workers on cybernetics. In 1961,_the council produced_an official_volume proffering cybernetics,_entitled Cybernetics—in the Service of Communism._ The work_of the council was rewarded when,_at_the 22nd Party_Congress,_cybernetics_was declared_one of the_"major_tools of_the_creation of a communist society". Khrushchev_declared_the development of cybernetics to be an_"imperative" in Soviet science._According_to Gerovitch, this put_cybernetics "in fashion" as "many_career-minded scientists began using 'cybernetics' as_a buzzword"_and the_movement swelled with its new membership. The CIA reported that the_July 1962 'Conference on the Philosophical_Problems of Cybernetics' received_"approximately 1000_specialists,_mathematicians, philosophers, physicists,_economists,_psychologists, biologists,_engineers, linguists, physicians"  In July 1962,_Berg created_a plan for the radical restructuring_of the Council such_that_it covered "practically all of Soviet_science". This was met with cold_reception from many of the_researchers_of_the Council, with one cybernetician_complaining, in a letter to Liapunov,_that "[t]here are_almost no results from the Council. Berg_only_demands paperwork and strives  for_the_expansion of the Council." Liapunov, disgruntled_with_Berg_and the non-academic direction of_cybernetics, refused to write for Cybernetics—in_ the  Service  of Communism and gradually_lost his influence_in cybernetics. As one