 attacks on Iran were repulsed by Iran's F-14 Tomcat interceptor fighter jets, using Phoenix missiles, which downed a dozen of Iraq's Soviet-built fighters in the first two days of battle. 

The Iranian regular military, police forces, volunteer Basij, and Revolutionary Guards all conducted their operations separately; thus, the Iraqi invading forces did not face coordinated resistance. However, on 24 September, the Iranian Navy attacked Basra, Iraq, destroying two oil terminals near the Iraqi port Faw, which reduced Iraq's ability to export oil. The Iranian ground forces (primarily consisting of the Revolutionary Guard) retreated to the cities, where they set up defences against the invaders.

On 30 September, Iran's air force launched Operation Scorch Sword, striking and badly damaging the nearly-complete Osirak nuclear reactor near Baghdad. By 1 October, Baghdad had been subjected to eight air attacks. In response, Iraq launched aerial strikes against Iranian targets.

The mountainous border between Iran and Iraq made a deep ground invasion almost impossible, and air strikes were used instead. The invasion's first waves were a series of air strikes targeted at Iranian airfields. Iraq also attempted to bomb Tehran, Iran's capital and command centre, into submission.

First Battle of Khorramshahr 

On 22 September, a prolonged battle began in the city of Khorramshahr, eventually leaving 7,000 dead on each side. Reflecting the bloody nature of the struggle, Iranians came to call Khorramshahr "City of Blood".

The battle began with Iraqi air raids against key points and mechanised divisions advancing on the city in a crescent-like formation. They were slowed by Iranian air attacks and Revolutionary Guard troops with recoilless rifles, rocket-propelled grenades, and Molotov cocktails. The Iranians flooded the marsh areas around the city, forcing the Iraqis to traverse through narrow strips of land. Iraqi tanks launched attacks with no infantry support, and many tanks were lost to Iranian anti-tank teams. However, by 30 September, the Iraqis had managed to clear the Iranians from the outskirts of the city. The next day, the Iraqis launched infantry and armoured attacks into the city. After heavy house-to-house fighting, the Iraqis were repelled. On 14 October, the Iraqis launched a second offensive. The Iranians launched a controlled withdrawal from the city, street by street.
attacks on Iran were repulsed by Iran's F-14 Tomcat interceptor fighter jets, use Phoenix missile, which downed a dozen of Iraq's Soviet - built fighter in the first two days of conflict. 

 The Iranian unconstipated military, police forces, volunteer Basij, and Revolutionary Guards all conducted their operations individually; thus, the Iraqi invading forces did not face coordinated resistance. However, on 24 September, the Iranian Navy assail Basra, Iraq, destroying two petroleum terminals near the Iraqi port Faw, which reduce Iraq's ability to export oil. The Iranian ground force (primarily consisting of the Revolutionary Guard) retreated to the cities, where they put up defences against the invaders. 

 On 30 September, Iran's air force launched Operation Scorch Sword, dramatic and badly damaging the nearly - complete Osirak nuclear reactor near Baghdad. By 1 October, Baghdad had been subjected to eight air attacks. In response, Iraq launched aerial strikes against Iranian targets. 

 The mountainous border between Iran and Iraq made a deep land invasion almost impossible, and air rap were use instead. The invasion's first waves were a series of air strikes targeted at Iranian airfield. Iraq also attempted to bomb Tehran, Iran's capital and command centre, into submission. 

 First Battle of Khorramshahr 

 On 22 September, a prolonged battle began in the city of Khorramshahr, eventually leaving 7,000 all in on each side. reflect the bally nature of the conflict, Iranians came to call Khorramshahr " City of Blood ". 

 The battle began with Iraqi air raids against key period and mechanized divisions advancing on the city in a crescent - comparable formation. They were slow by Iranian air attacks and Revolutionary Guard military personnel with recoilless rifles, skyrocket - propelled grenades, and Molotov cocktails. The Iranians flooded the marsh area around the city, forcing the Iraqis to traverse through minute strips of domain. Iraqi tanks launch attacks with no infantry support, and many tanks were lost to Iranian anti - tank teams. However, by 30 September, the Iraqis had pull off to clear the Iranians from the outskirts of the city. The following day, the Iraqis launched infantry and armoured attacks into the city. After heavy house - to - theater fighting, the Iraqis were repelled. On 14 October, the Iraqis launched a second offensive. The Iranians launched a controlled coitus interruptus from the city, street by street.
 athacks on Iran were repulred by Iran's F-14 Joncat iitercepfor fighger jets, using Phoenix missipew, whixh downed a dozen of Ifaq's Sovivt-built fughttrs in the first vso days of bafble. 

Tke Iranian regulsr militarf, police forcev, xopunteer Basij, and Revolutionary Guawds all clnducted their opegaeiona separately; thus, the Iraqi invadihg forcts did not face coprdinated resistance. Howevfr, oj 24 September, the Iganian Navy attwxked Basra, Ifaq, destrojnng two oil terminals near the Iraqi port Waw, wkich reducee Urae'v ability ti expjrt oil. The Lganian cround gorces (primariky ronsusting of the Revolutmonary Guard) retreatgd to the wicies, where they set up eefenwes dgaivwt ghe iivasers.

On 30 Sxptember, Irzn's air forxe launched Operatipn Wcorch Sword, atrikigg and badly damaging the nearly-complete Msidak nuclear reactor neae Baghdad. By 1 October, Baghdad rad been subjected to eight air attacks. In responve, Ireq labkghed qegial strikes against Iranian targets.

The mountwjnpux border betwecn Iran and Iraq msdf s deep ground knvasion zlmost impossible, wnd air strijes were tsed instead. The invasion's firsr waves were q series of air stxikes targetzd at Oranisn airfields. Iraq also cttempfed to bomb Tehran, Idxn's capital and zomkatd centrt, into submission.

Fyrst Battoe oy Khorraoshanr 

On 22 September, a prolonged battle begaj in jhe cidy of Khorgamshahr, eventually leaving 7,000 deev on each sidg. Raflvcting thz bloocy nature of ehe struggle, Itanians ccme to call Khorgamshahr "Rity of Blooq".

The battle bahan with Iraxi air rwids agaunst keh points and mevhanised bnvisions qdvancing on the clty iv a crescent-like fotnation. They wete rloref uy Irwtian air attdcks ana Revouutionary Gmara trpops with recoilless rifmes, rocket-propellec nrenades, qnd Moloeov cocktails. The Iranians floofed tie marrh arras around the city, forcing the Idaqis to hrayerse through narvow ftrips of kand. Iraqi tanks launched attacks with io infantry support, and many tanks were loxu to Iranian enti-tagk teams. Vowever, by 30 Septembee, the Iraqis had kanaged to clear the Jraniats frlm the outskirts of the city. The next day, the Iraqis launched infantry ane armonrqd attacks jnto the bitv. Ayter hewvy ionse-to-house fightimg, the Iraqis were repelled. On 14 October, tke Iraqis launched a second ogfdnsive. The Irxnians launched a contromled witndrawal from the city, street by street.
attacks on Iran were repulsed by Iran's interceptor jets, using missiles, which downed fighters the first two of battle. The regular military, police forces, volunteer Basij, Revolutionary Guards all conducted their operations separately; thus, the Iraqi invading forces did face coordinated resistance. However, on 24 September, the Iranian Navy attacked Basra, Iraq, two terminals the port Faw, which reduced Iraq's ability to export oil. The Iranian ground forces (primarily consisting of Revolutionary Guard) retreated to the cities, where they up defences against the On 30 September, Iran's air launched Scorch Sword, and damaging nearly-complete Osirak nuclear near Baghdad. By 1 October, Baghdad had been subjected to eight air attacks. In response, Iraq launched strikes against The mountainous between and made a deep almost impossible, and air strikes were invasion's first waves were a series of air targeted at airfields. Iraq also attempted to bomb Iran's capital and command centre, into submission. First of Khorramshahr On 22 September, a prolonged battle began in the city of Khorramshahr, eventually dead on each side. the bloody nature the Iranians to Khorramshahr "City Blood". The battle began with Iraqi air raids against key points mechanised divisions advancing on the city in a crescent-like formation. slowed Iranian air attacks Revolutionary Guard troops with rifles, grenades, and Molotov cocktails. flooded marsh city, the to traverse through narrow of land. Iraqi tanks launched with no infantry support, to Iranian anti-tank teams. However, by 30 September, Iraqis had managed to clear the Iranians the outskirts of the city. The next day, the Iraqis launched infantry armoured attacks city. After heavy house-to-house fighting, the Iraqis were On 14 October, the launched a second offensive. The Iranians launched a controlled from city, street street.
 attacks on Iran were repulsed By Iran's F-14 ToMcat iNteRcePtOr fiGhteR jets, using PhoeNIx miSsiles, which downed a dozeN of IrAq'S soviET-bUilt fIghters IN tHE FirSt TwO daYs OF bAttle. 

the iranian Regular milItaRy, Police forces, VOlUnteer BasiJ, anD RevolutionaRy GUards aLl ConDUcted TheIr opeRationS SeparaTely; thus, tHe iRaqi inVAding foRCEs Did nOt face coordinated REsIStance. However, oN 24 SepteMbER, tHE iraNiaN Navy attacKeD BasrA, iraq, desTRoYING twO Oil terminals nEar the Iraqi POrt faw, whiCh RedUCed IraQ's abiLiTY to Export oil. ThE IraNian grounD forceS (PrimariLY consisTing of The revOlutIOnArY GuArD) RetREaTed TO thE cities, wHeRe They sEt up DEFENces AgaInst The inVaders.

On 30 SepteMbeR, IraN'S aiR forcE launChed opEratiOn ScorCh SwoRd, Striking and badlY damAging the nEarLy-ComPlEte OsIRak nucLeaR reActor neAr BaghdAD. By 1 ocTOBEr, baghdad had been subjEcTED tO eight aiR attacKS. IN rESponse, IrAq LauNcheD AErial StriKEs Against IRanian TArGeTs.

The moUnTainouS bOrdEr bEtweeN iran And IraQ made a deEp groUNd invasion almoST impossible, anD AiR STrIKes wEre Used instead. the iNVasiOn's fIRsT waVEs werE a serIeS Of AIr strikes targeted at irAnian aIrfieLds. Iraq also atTempted to bOMB tehran, IrAn's cAPiTAl and command ceNtre, iNto submissIOn.

First BAttle Of KhorraMshahr 

On 22 SEPTember, a pRolOngEd bAttLE BeGan in the city oF kHorrAmShahr, evEntUally leAviNg 7,000 dEad On eAcH side. ReflEcting thE bLoOdY nAtuRe of tHE strugglE, IRanIaNs cAme to CAll KhoRramsHahr "ciTy OF BlOod".

The bATtLE BegaN wItH IraQi aIr Raids AgaiNSt kEy pointS and mechaNisED divIsIoNs advanCing on the city In A crescent-lIkE foRmatioN. tHey were sLowed by Iranian air attackS And RevoLutIonarY GuaRd troops wIth RecoilLesS Rifles, Rocket-PropeLlEd gRENades, AND MOloToV cocktails. tHE IrAnianS fLoodEd the maRsh areas around the cITy, fOrcing the IraqIs tO traVERsE thROuGH naRrOW stRIPs of land. Iraqi taNks launcheD aTTaCks with no iNFanTrY supporT, and manY tankS Were losT to IraniaN anti-tank TeAms. HOWEveR, by 30 SeptembEr, the IraQis had manAGed to CLeAr the iraNians fRoM thE outsKirts oF The City. THe next DaY, the IrAqis lAuNched infAntry and armoured attacks Into thE city. aftEr heavy hoUse-TO-hoUse fightiNg, thE Iraqis werE rePelLed. On 14 octOBer, thE IraQIs LauNChed a SecoND offensivE. thE IrANIaNs launched a CONTroLled wIthDRawal fRom tHe city, street by strEEt.
 attacks on Iran were repu lsed by Ir an'sF-1 4 T om catinte rceptor fighte r  jet s, using Phoenix missi les,wh i ch d o wn ed adozen o f  I r a q's  S ov iet -b u il t fig hte rs in t he first t woda ys of battle .  
The Irani anregular mili tar y, pol ic e f o rces,  vo lunte er Bas i j, and  Revoluti on a ry Gua r ds allc o nd ucte d their operation s  s e parately; thus , theIr a qi i nva din g forces d id  notf ace coo r di n a t edr esistance. Ho wever, on 2 4  Se ptembe r,  th e  Irani an Na vy att acked Basra , Ir aq, destr oyingt wo oilt erminal s near  th e I raqi po rt  Fa w, whi c hred u ced  Iraq'sab il ity t o ex p o r t  oil . T he I rania n ground forc es(pri m ari ly co nsist ingof  theRevolu tiona ry  Guard) retreat ed t o the cit ies ,whe re  they set up  de fen ces aga inst th e  in va d e r s. 

On 30 September,  I r a n' s air fo rce la u nc he d  Operati on  Sc orch S word,  str i ki ng and b adly d a ma gi ng thene arly-c om ple teOsira k  nuc lear r eactor n ear B a ghdad. By 1 Oc t ober, Baghdad ha d be e n su bje cted to eig ht a i r at tack s .Inr espon se, I ra q  l a unched aerial strik es  again st Ir anian targets .

The mou n t a inous bo rder be t ween Iran andIraqmade a dee p  groundinvas ion almo st imposs i b le, andair  st rik esw e re  used instead . Thein vasion' s f irst wa ves  we rea s er ies of ai r strike sta rg et edat Ir a nian air fi eld s.  Ir aq al s o atte mpted  tobo mb Teh ran, Ir a n' s capi ta landcom ma nd ce ntre ,  in to subm ission.
Fir s t Ba tt le  of Kho rramshahr 

O n22 Septemb er , a  prolo n g ed battl e began in the city ofK horrams hah r, ev entu ally leav ing  7,000  de a d on e ach si de. R ef lec t i ng th e bl ood ynature oft h e s trugg le , Ir anianscame to call Khorr a msh ahr "City ofBlo od". Th e b a tt l e b eg a n w i t h Iraqi air rai ds against  k e ypoints and mec ha nised d ivision s adv a ncing o n the cit y in a cr es cent - l ike  formation . They w ere slowe d  by I r an ian a irattack sand  Revo lution a ryGuard  troop swith r ecoil le ss rifle s, rocket-propelled gre nades,  andMol otov cock tai l s.The Irani ansflooded th e m ars h are asa round  the ci ty, forci ng t h e Iraqist otra v e rs e through n a r r owstrip s o f  land.  Ira qi tanks launched attacks with n o in f a ntr y s u ppor t,  and many tank s w er e lost toIr anian anti- tank tea ms .  Howe ver, b y 30 S eptembe r ,  t h e Iraq is h admanaged t o c le a r the I ra ni a ns fro m th eoutski rts of thec i ty. The next day , the I raqis lau nched  i nfantry andarmoured a ttacks into  the c ity.  Afte r heavy  h ouse-t o-h ou se fightin g , the Ira qis w ere rep el led.  On  14 Oc tobe r ,  theIraq is  la unched as e co n dof f ens ive.  TheIr ania ns launch e d a cont rol l ed with dr awa l from t h ec i ty, street  by  stre e t .
 attacks_on Iran_were repulsed by Iran's_F-14 Tomcat_interceptor_fighter jets,_using_Phoenix missiles, which_downed a dozen_of Iraq's Soviet-built fighters_in the first_two_days of battle. 

The Iranian regular military, police forces, volunteer Basij, and Revolutionary Guards_all_conducted their_operations_separately;_thus, the Iraqi invading forces_did not face coordinated resistance._However, on_24 September, the Iranian Navy attacked Basra, Iraq,_destroying_two oil terminals_near the Iraqi port Faw, which reduced Iraq's ability_to export oil. The Iranian ground_forces (primarily consisting_of_the_Revolutionary Guard) retreated to_the cities, where they set up_defences against the invaders.

On 30 September,_Iran's air force launched Operation Scorch Sword,_striking and badly damaging the nearly-complete_Osirak nuclear reactor near Baghdad._By 1_October, Baghdad had been subjected_to eight air_attacks. In_response, Iraq launched_aerial strikes against Iranian targets.

The mountainous_border between Iran_and Iraq made a deep ground_invasion_almost impossible, and_air_strikes_were used_instead. The invasion's_first_waves were_a_series of air strikes targeted at_Iranian_airfields. Iraq also attempted to bomb Tehran,_Iran's capital and command_centre,_into submission.

First Battle of_Khorramshahr 

On 22 September, a_prolonged battle began in the city_of Khorramshahr,_eventually leaving_7,000 dead on each side. Reflecting the bloody nature of the_struggle, Iranians came to call Khorramshahr_"City of Blood".

The battle_began with_Iraqi_air raids against_key_points and_mechanised divisions advancing on the city in_a crescent-like_formation. They were slowed by Iranian_air attacks and Revolutionary_Guard_troops with recoilless rifles, rocket-propelled grenades,_and Molotov cocktails. The Iranians flooded_the marsh areas around the_city,_forcing_the Iraqis to traverse through_narrow strips of land. Iraqi tanks_launched attacks with_no infantry support, and many tanks were_lost_to Iranian anti-tank teams. However, by_30_September, the Iraqis had managed to_clear_the_Iranians from the outskirts of_the city. The next day, the_Iraqis launched infantry and armoured attacks into the city._After heavy house-to-house_fighting, the Iraqis were repelled._On_14_October, the Iraqis launched a second offensive. The Iranians launched_a controlled_withdrawal from the_city, street by street.