 the ventral valve. All other brachiopods are supposed to have a stalk or pedicle, at least as an adolescent, but in craniids a pedicle is not known from any development stage.

They are the only members of the order Craniida and the monotypic suborder Craniidina and superfamily Cranioidea; consequently, the latter two taxa are presently redundant and not used very often. Valdiviathyris and Neoancistrocrania were sometimes separated in a family Valdiviathyrididae but this has turned out to be unjustified.

Most Craniidae are long extinct forms known only from fossils like all other Craniforma. However, some 20 species of this 470-million-year-old lineage are surviving today. They include Valdiviathyris quenstedti which has remained essentially unchanged for the last 35 million years or so. Although some minimal evolution would obviously have taken place in the meantime, this was essentially silent mutations and marginal adaptations to cooler habitat. Present-day Valdiviathyris are all but inseparable from those of the Late Eocene and the genus cannot even be divided into chronospecies. Thus, V. quenstedti is a true living fossil and one of the oldest and most long-lived species known to science.

References 

  (2007): The Recent and Paleogene craniid brachiopod, Valdiviathyris quenstedti Helmcke, 1940. Systematics and Biodiversity 5(1): 123–131.  (HTML abstract)

Category:Brachiopod families
Category:Extant Ordovician first appearances
Category:Craniata Buca di Beppo

Buca di Beppo is an American restaurant chain specializing in Italian-American food.  The name roughly translates as "Joe's Hole" from Italian (buca, which literally means "hole" or "pit", can be a dialectal word in Tuscany for basement or cellar, and Beppo is a diminutive of the name Giuseppe). The chain of 88 (83 company-owned, 5 franchises in UK) establishments is owned by Buca, Inc., which in turn is owned by Planet Hollywood.

The chain is known for its vintage photographs hung closely spaced throughout the restaurant. Restrooms feature recorded ambient sounds — women laughing and conversing in Italian in the men's room and vice versa in
the ventral valve. All other brachiopods are supposed to get a chaff or pedicle, at least as an adolescent, but in craniids a pedicle is not know from any exploitation stage. 

 They are the only member of the club Craniida and the monotypic suborder Craniidina and superfamily Cranioidea; consequently, the latter two taxa are soon excess and not used very much. Valdiviathyris and Neoancistrocrania were sometimes separated in a family Valdiviathyrididae but this has turn out to be unjustified. 

 Most Craniidae are long extinct forms known only from fossils like all early Craniforma. However, some 20 species of this 470 - million - year - old linage are surviving today. They include Valdiviathyris quenstedti which has stay essentially unaltered for the last 35 million year or so. Although some minimal evolution would obviously have taken plaza in the meantime, this was essentially silent mutations and marginal adaptations to cooler habitat. Present - day Valdiviathyris are all but inseparable from those of the Late Eocene and the genus cannot even be divided into chronospecies. Thus, V. quenstedti is a true living fossil and one of the oldest and most long - lived coinage know to science. 

 reference 

   (2007 ): The late and Paleogene craniid brachiopod, Valdiviathyris quenstedti Helmcke, 1940. Systematics and Biodiversity 5(1 ): 123–131.   (HTML abstract) 

 class: Brachiopod families 
 Category: Extant Ordovician first appearances 
 Category: Craniata Buca di Beppo 

 Buca di Beppo is an American restaurant chain specializing in Italian - American food.   The name roughly translates as " Joe's Hole " from Italian (buca, which literally mean " hole " or " pit ", can be a dialectal word in Tuscany for basement or cellar, and Beppo is a diminutive of the name Giuseppe). The chain of 88 (83 company - owned, 5 franchise in UK) establishments is owned by Buca, Inc., which in turn is owned by Planet Hollywood. 

 The range is known for its vintage photograph hung closely spaced throughout the restaurant. Restrooms feature recorded ambient fathom   — women laughing and conversing in Italian in the man's room and vice versa in
 thf ventral valve. All othev brachiopods arg wupposxd to hzve a stxlk or pedicle, at least as ai adilesctut, but in craniids a pedicle ps not kniwn hrom any development stanz.

They wre chx only members pf the ordar Craniida ang ghz monotypic suborder Craniidina and fuperfakipy Cranioidea; sonstquqntlg, the latter two taxa are presentlg redunvant and not usrd very often. Valdiviathyrls ajd Neoancistrocranla were somgfimqw separated kn a familj Valdiviatgyrididae but this has turned ojt to be unjustufued.

Lmst Craniidee are long extincb forms known pnly from fosslls lmke qll other Craniforma. Iowever, some 20 specief of this 470-mnllion-year-old lineage aee sutvivitg tueay. Thty mncmude Vwldmviathyris suenstedti qhich has remained tssqbtially unchahged fjr the last 35 million years or so. Although soje minimal evolution woyld obviously have tanen place in the meantime, this was essentially silent mutadions xnd mwftijal adaptations to cooler habitat. Present-day Dzlciniathyris are all but insepatahlr from those ow the Lats Eocene and the gfnus cagnot wven be dyvidrd into chronospecies. Thus, C. quenstedti us a true living flssil and oue of jhe olcest and most long-lived spedies known ho sciencs.

Feferences 

  (2007): Thd Rvcend and Paleogene craniid brwchiopod, Taldiriathyrir qugnstedty Helmcke, 1940. Systckatics and Biodivegsity 5(1): 123–131.  (HTML abshract)

Category:Brachiopod families
Category:Extanj Osdonician fixst apiearances
Categowy:Craniata Bucc di Bep'o

Buca di Beppo ps an Amecican restauwant chain spafializing in Italian-Wmerucan food.  Gfe name roughlu translanef as "Joe's Hole" from Iteliav (buca, which litzxaoly means "hole" pr "oit", cwn bq a dialectal wora iv Tuscxny for bascmevt ot cellar, and Beppo iv a siminutive of the maie Giusekpe). The crain of 88 (83 comlany-owned, 5 franchides ii UK) ertabloshients is owned by Buca, Inc., whidh in turj if owned by Pjaneb Hojlywood.

The chain is known for its vintage photogrephs hung closely spacgd throughout the resjauvant. Restrooks fewture recmrded ambient sounds — women laughing akd conversing in Italizn in dhe mfn's room and vice versa in
the ventral valve. All other brachiopods are have stalk or at least as a is not known any development stage. are the only members of the Craniida and the monotypic suborder Craniidina and superfamily Cranioidea; consequently, the latter two are presently redundant and not used very often. Valdiviathyris and Neoancistrocrania were sometimes in family but has turned out to be unjustified. Most Craniidae are long extinct forms known only from fossils all other Craniforma. However, some 20 species of 470-million-year-old lineage are surviving They include Valdiviathyris quenstedti which remained unchanged for last million or so. Although minimal evolution would obviously have taken place in the meantime, this was essentially silent mutations and marginal to cooler Valdiviathyris are but from of the Late the genus cannot even be divided V. quenstedti is a true living fossil and of the and most long-lived species known to References (2007): The Recent and Paleogene craniid brachiopod, quenstedti Helmcke, 1940. Systematics and Biodiversity 5(1): 123–131. (HTML abstract) Category:Brachiopod families Category:Extant Ordovician first Buca di Beppo Buca Beppo is an restaurant specializing Italian-American The name translates as "Joe's Hole" from Italian (buca, which literally means "hole" "pit", can be a dialectal word in Tuscany for basement and is a diminutive the name Giuseppe). The of (83 company-owned, 5 franchises establishments owned which turn owned by Planet Hollywood. chain is known for its photographs hung closely spaced recorded ambient sounds — women laughing and conversing Italian in the men's room and vice in
 the ventral valve. All other brAchiopods aRe supPosEd tO hAve a StalK or pedicle, at leASt as An adolescent, but in craniIds a pEdICle iS NoT knowN from anY DeVELopMeNt StaGe.

tHeY are tHe oNly membErs of the orDer crAniida and the MOnOtypic suboRdeR Craniidina aNd sUperfaMiLy CRAnioiDea; ConseQuentlY, The latTer two taxA aRE preseNTly reduNDAnT and Not used very often. VALdIViathyris and NeOancisTrOCrANIa wEre Sometimes sEpArateD In a famiLY VALDIviAThyrididae but This has turnED ouT to be uNjUstIFied.

MoSt CraNiIDae Are long extiNct fOrms known Only frOM fossilS Like all Other CRanIfoRma. HOWeVeR, soMe 20 SPecIEs Of tHIs 470-mIllion-yeAr-OlD lineAge aRE SURvivIng TodaY. They Include ValdivIatHyriS QueNstedTi whiCh haS rEmainEd esseNtialLy Unchanged for the Last 35 Million yeArs Or So. ALtHough SOme minImaL evOlution Would obVIouSlY HAVe Taken place in the meaNtIME, tHis was esSentiaLLy SiLEnt mutatIoNs aNd maRGInal aDaptATiOns to cooLer habITaT. PResent-dAy valdivIaThyRis Are alL But iNseparAble from Those OF the Late Eocene ANd the genus canNOt EVEn BE divIdeD into chronoSpecIEs. ThUs, V. qUEnSteDTi is a True lIvINg FOssil and one of the oldEsT and moSt lonG-lived species Known to sciENCE.

ReferenCes 

  (2007): THE RECent and PaleogeNe craNiid brachiOPod, ValdiViathYris quenStedti HelMCKe, 1940. SystemAtiCs aNd BIodIVErSity 5(1): 123–131.  (HTML abstrACT)

CatEgOry:BracHioPod famiLieS
CaTegOry:exTant OrdovIcian firSt ApPeArAncEs
CatEGory:CranIaTa BUcA di beppo

bUca di BEppo iS an AMeRiCAn rEstauraNT cHAIn spEcIaLiziNg iN ITaliaN-AmeRIcaN food.  ThE name rougHly TRansLaTeS as "Joe's hole" from ItaliAn (Buca, which lItEraLly meaNS "Hole" or "piT", can be a dialectal word in TUScany foR baSemenT or cEllar, and BEppO is a diMinUTive of The namE GiusEpPe). THE Chain OF 88 (83 CoMpaNy-Owned, 5 francHISes In UK) eStAbliShments Is owned by Buca, Inc., whICh iN turn is owned bY PlAnet hOLlYwoOD.

THE chAiN Is kNOWn for its vintage PhotographS hUNg Closely spaCEd tHrOughout The restAuranT. restrooMs feature Recorded aMbIent SOUndS — women laugHing and cOnversing IN ItalIAn In the Men'S room aNd VicE versA in
 the ventral valve. All ot her brachi opods  ar e s up pose d to  have a stalko r pe dicle, at least as anadole sc e nt,b ut  in c raniids ap e dic le  i s n ot kn own f rom  any de velopmentsta ge .

They aret he  only memb ers  of the orde r C raniid aand the m ono typic  subor d er Cra niidina a nd superf a mily Cr a n io idea ; consequently, t h el atter two taxa  are p re s en t l y r edu ndant andno t use d  very o f te n . Val d iviathyris an d Neoancist r ocr ania w er e s o metime s sep ar a ted  in a famil y Va ldiviathy ridida e  but th i s has t urnedout  to  beu nj us tif ie d .
M os t C r ani idae are  l on g ext inct f o r ms k now n on ly fr om fossils li keallo the r Cra nifor ma.Ho wever , some  20 s pe cies of this 47 0-mi llion-yea r-o ld  li ne age a r e surv ivi ngtoday.They in c lud eV a l di viathyris quensted ti w hi ch has r emaine d  e ss e ntiallyun cha nged f or th e la s t35 milli on yea r sor  so. Al th ough s om e m ini mal e v olut ion wo uld obvi ously have taken pla c e in the mean t im e ,  t h is w asessentially  sil e nt m utat i on s a n d mar ginal  a d ap t ations to cooler ha bi tat. P resen t-day Valdivi athyris ar e a ll but i nsep a ra b le from thoseof th e Late Eoc e ne and t he ge nus cann ot even b e dividedint o c hro nos p e ci es. Thus, V.q u enst ed ti is a  tr ue livi ngfos sil  an done of th e oldest  a nd  m os t l ong-l i ved spec ie s k no wnto sc i ence.
Refe renc es    ( 2007):T he R ecen tan d Pa leo ge ne cr anii d  br achiopo d, Valdiv iat h yris  q ue nstedti  Helmcke, 194 0.  Systemati cs  an d Biod i v ersity 5 (1): 123–131.  (HTML ab s tract)
Ca tegor y:Br achiopodfam iliesCat e gory:E xtantOrdov ic ian f irsta p pe ara nc es
Categor y : Cra niata  B ucadi Bepp o

Buca di Beppo i s  an  American res tau rant c ha ins pe c ial iz i ngi n  Italian-Americ an food. Th e  n ame roughl y  tr an slatesas "Joe 's Ho l e" from  Italian(buca, wh ic h li t e ral ly means " hole" or  "pit", c a n bea  d ialec tal  wordin  Tu scany  for b a sem ent o r cell ar , andBeppo  i s a dimi nutive of the name Gius eppe).  Thecha in of 88(83 com pany-owne d, 5  franchise s i n U K) es tab l ishme ntsi sown e d byBuca ,  Inc., wh i ch  in t ur n is ownedb y Pla net H oll y wood.
The  chain is known f o r its vintagephot o g rap hsh ungcl osely spaced t hro ug h o ut the r es taurant. Re stroomsfe a turerecord ed amb ient so u n ds — wome n la ugh ing and c onv er s ing inIt al i an intheme n's ro om and vice v ersa in
 the_ventral valve._All other brachiopods are_supposed to_have_a stalk_or_pedicle, at least_as an adolescent,_but in craniids a_pedicle is not_known_from any development stage.

They are the only members of the order Craniida and the_monotypic_suborder Craniidina_and_superfamily_Cranioidea; consequently, the latter two_taxa are presently redundant and_not used_very often. Valdiviathyris and Neoancistrocrania were sometimes separated_in_a family Valdiviathyrididae_but this has turned out to be unjustified.

Most Craniidae_are long extinct forms known only_from fossils like_all_other_Craniforma. However, some 20_species of this 470-million-year-old lineage are_surviving today. They include Valdiviathyris quenstedti_which has remained essentially unchanged for the_last 35 million years or so._Although some minimal evolution would_obviously have_taken place in the meantime,_this was essentially_silent mutations_and marginal adaptations_to cooler habitat. Present-day Valdiviathyris are_all but inseparable_from those of the Late Eocene_and_the genus cannot_even_be_divided into_chronospecies. Thus, V._quenstedti_is a_true_living fossil and one of the_oldest_and most long-lived species known to science.

References_

  (2007): The_Recent_and Paleogene craniid brachiopod,_Valdiviathyris quenstedti Helmcke, 1940. Systematics_and Biodiversity 5(1): 123–131.  (HTML_abstract)

Category:Brachiopod families
Category:Extant_Ordovician first_appearances
Category:Craniata Buca di Beppo

Buca di Beppo is an American restaurant chain_specializing in Italian-American food.  The_name roughly translates as_"Joe's Hole"_from_Italian (buca, which_literally_means "hole"_or "pit", can be a dialectal word_in Tuscany_for basement or cellar, and Beppo_is a diminutive of_the_name Giuseppe). The chain of 88_(83 company-owned, 5 franchises in UK)_establishments is owned by Buca,_Inc.,_which_in turn is owned by_Planet Hollywood.

The chain is known for_its vintage photographs_hung closely spaced throughout the restaurant. Restrooms_feature_recorded ambient sounds — women laughing and_conversing_in Italian in the men's room_and_vice_versa in