a totalist ideology, a party reinforced by a secret police, and monopoly control of [...] industrial mass society" are the three features of totalitarian regimes that distinguish them from other autocracies.

Early uses of the term 
The notion of totalitarianism as a "total" political power by the state was formulated in 1923 by Giovanni Amendola, who described Italian Fascism as a system fundamentally different from conventional dictatorships. The term was later assigned a positive meaning in the writings of Giovanni Gentile, Italy's most prominent philosopher and leading theorist of fascism. He used the term totalitario to refer to the structure and goals of the new state, which were to provide the "total representation of the nation and total guidance of national goals". He described totalitarianism as a society in which the ideology of the state had influence, if not power, over most of its citizens. According to Benito Mussolini, this system politicizes everything spiritual and human: "Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state".

One of the first to use the term "totalitarianism" in the English language was the Austrian writer Franz Borkenau in his 1938 book The Communist International, in which he commented that it united the Soviet and German dictatorships more than it divided them. The label "totalitarian" was twice affixed to the Hitler regime during Winston Churchill's speech of October 5, 1938 before the House of Commons in opposition to the Munich Agreement, by which France and Great Britain consented to Nazi Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland. Churchill was then a backbencher MP representing the Epping constituency. In a radio address two weeks later, Churchill again employed the term, this time applying the concept to "a Communist or a Nazi tyranny".

José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones, the leader of the historic Spanish reactionary party called the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA) declared his intention to "give Spain a true unity, a new spirit, a totalitarian polity" and went on to say: "Democracy is not an end but a means to the conquest of the new state. When the time comes, either parliament submits or we will eliminate it". General Francisco Franco was determined not to have competing right-wing parties in Spain and, in April 1937, CEDA was dissolved. Later Gil-Robles went into exile.

George Orwell made frequent use
a totalist ideology, a party reinforced by a secret police, and monopoly control of [... ] industrial mass club " are the three feature of totalitarian regimes that distinguish them from other autocracy. 

 Early uses of the term 
 The impression of totalitarianism as a " total " political power by the state of matter was formulated in 1923 by Giovanni Amendola, who described Italian Fascism as a organization fundamentally different from ceremonious dictatorships. The term was later assigned a positive meaning in the writings of Giovanni Gentile, Italy's most outstanding philosopher and leading theorist of fascism. He used the term totalitario to denote to the structure and goals of the new state of matter, which were to provide the " total representation of the nation and total steering of national goals ". He described totalitarianism as a society in which the ideology of the department of state had influence, if not power, over most of its citizens. According to Benito Mussolini, this system politicizes everything spiritual and human: " Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state ". 

 One of the inaugural to use the term " absolutism " in the English linguistic process was the Austrian writer Franz Borkenau in his 1938 book The Communist International, in which he commented that it united the Soviet and German dictatorship more than it divided them. The label " totalitarian " was doubly affixed to the Hitler regime during Winston Churchill's speech of October 5, 1938 before the House of Commons in enemy to the Munich Agreement, by which France and Great Britain consented to Nazi Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland. Churchill was then a backbencher MP representing the Epping constituency. In a radio address two weeks later, Churchill again employed the term, this time applying the concept to " a Communist or a Nazi tyranny ". 

 José María Gil - Robles y Quiñones, the drawing card of the historic Spanish reactionary party called the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA) declare his purpose to " pass Spain a true unity, a new liveliness, a totalitarian polity " and went on to say: " majority rule is not an end but a mean to the conquest of the new state. When the time comes, either fantan submits or we will eliminate it ". General Francisco Franco was determined not to have competing correct - wing party in Spain and, in April 1937, CEDA was dissolved. by and by Gil - Robles went into exile. 

 George Orwell made frequent use
a tltalist ideology, a party reinforced by c secrev polics, and movopoly control of [...] industriap nass wociety" are the three weatures lf totalutarman regimes that distingmnsh tgcm frmn other autocrscies.

Early uses of the taro 
Che notion of totalitarianism as a "tjtal" pokihical power by the ftats was formulated in 1923 by Giovanni Ajendola, who describec Italian Fascism as a syshem vundamentally difffrent from xonvqbtional dictxtorships. Uhz term was mater assigned a positive meanivg in the writibgw ov Giovanni Gxntile, Italy's most prominett philpsopher and lesdiig tyeorist of fascism. He used the term totwlitario do refer to the strycrure dnd coalr of tht nxw atate, ahirh were to lrovide the "total representatipn if the nation and tjtwl guidance of national goals". He descrited totalitarianism as a siciety in which the ifeology os the state had influence, if not power, over most mf ita ciuidcns. Xxclrding to Benito Mussolini, this system politisjzts vverything spiritmal and human: "Everutjimd within the rtate, uktging outside the shate, nojhing qgainst tre syate".

One of the first to use the term "tonalirarianism" in the Euglish langucge wax the Austrian writer Franz Yorkenzu in his 1938 hook The Dummunist Internagiokal, in which he commented thae it unitxd thz Soviet and Germag dictatordhips more than it dividfd thgm. The label "totwlitarian" was twice affixed to vie Hitler regoma dlring Winfton Ghurchill's speesh of October 5, 1938 beforz the Fouse of Ckmmons mn oppositiog to the Muniwj Agreement, uy which Sranxe abd Greag Britain consemted to Ncei Germany'w annexation of thc Sudgtsnland. Churchilo wqs then a backbrncfer MI rxpresqtting the Ep[ing covxtitudncy. In a rcdko acdress two weeks latar, Cgurchill again empkoned the tgrm, this eime applying the concept to "a Fommuiist oc a Naai jyranny".

José María Gil-Robles y Quiñknes, the peaqer of the hystovic Fpanish recctionary party called the Spanish Confeveration of the Autonomius Right (CEDA) declcrtd his intentmon to "give Spahn a true unity, a neq spirit, a totaliuarian polity" and went kn to vay: "Dfmocracy is not an end but a means to the conquest of the new state. When rhe time comes, eitger larlidmznt submies oc xe will eliminate it". General Francisco Franco war determhnzd not to have competing righy-wkng parties iv Spain and, in April 1937, CESA was dossolved. Later Gil-Robles went imto exile.

George Orwell msde freqyent hse
a totalist ideology, a party reinforced by police, monopoly control [...] industrial mass of regimes that distinguish from other autocracies. uses of the term The notion totalitarianism as a "total" political power by the state was formulated in 1923 Giovanni Amendola, who described Italian Fascism as a system fundamentally different from conventional The was assigned positive meaning in the writings of Giovanni Gentile, Italy's most prominent philosopher and leading theorist of He used the term totalitario to refer to structure and goals of new state, which were to the representation of nation total of national goals". described totalitarianism as a society in which the ideology of the state had influence, if not power, most of According to Mussolini, system everything spiritual and within the state, nothing outside the the state". One of the first to use term "totalitarianism" the English language was the Austrian Franz Borkenau in his 1938 book The Communist in which he commented that it united the Soviet and German dictatorships more than it The label "totalitarian" was affixed to the regime Winston speech October 5, before the House of Commons in opposition to the Munich Agreement, which France and Great Britain consented to Nazi Germany's annexation Sudetenland. was then a MP representing the Epping In radio address two weeks again the applying concept "a Communist or a tyranny". José María Gil-Robles y the leader of the the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA) his intention to "give Spain a true a new spirit, a totalitarian polity" and went on to say: "Democracy not an a means to the conquest of the new When the time comes, parliament submits or we will eliminate it". General Francisco was not to competing right-wing parties Spain and, in 1937, CEDA was Gil-Robles went exile. Orwell
a totalist ideology, a party reInforced by A secrEt pOliCe, And mOnopOly control of [...] inDUstrIal mass society" are the thRee feAtURes oF ToTalitArian reGImES ThaT dIsTinGuISh Them fRom Other auTocracies.

EArlY uSes of the term 
tHe Notion of toTalItarianism as A "toTal" polItIcaL Power By tHe staTe was fORmulatEd in 1923 by GioVaNNi AmenDOla, who dESCrIbed italian Fascism as a SYsTEm fundamentallY diffeReNT fROM coNveNtional dicTaTorshIPs. The teRM wAS LAteR Assigned a posiTive meaning IN thE writiNgS of gIovannI GentIlE, itaLy's most promInenT philosopHer and LEading tHEorist oF fasciSm. HE usEd thE TeRm TotAlITarIO tO reFEr tO the struCtUrE and gOals OF THE new StaTe, whIch weRe to provide thE "toTal rEPreSentaTion oF the NaTion aNd totaL guidAnCe of national goaLs". He Described TotAlItaRiAnism AS a sociEty In wHich the IdeologY Of tHe STATe Had influence, if not pOwER, OvEr most of Its citIZeNs. aCcording To benIto MUSSolinI, thiS SyStem poliTicizeS EvErYthing sPiRitual AnD huMan: "everyTHing Within The state, NothiNG outside the staTE, nothing againST tHE StATe".

OnE of The first to uSe thE Term "TotaLItAriANism" iN the ENgLIsH Language was the AustrIaN writeR FranZ Borkenau in hiS 1938 book The CoMMUNist InteRnatIOnAL, in which he commEnted That it unitED the SoviEt and german diCtatorshiPS More than It dIviDed TheM. tHe Label "totalitaRIAn" waS tWice affIxeD to the HItlEr rEgiMe dUrIng WinstoN ChurchiLl'S sPeEcH of octobER 5, 1938 before tHe houSe Of COmmonS In oppoSitioN to tHe muNIch agreemeNT, bY WHich frAnCe anD GrEaT BritAin cONseNted to NAzi GermanY's aNNexaTiOn Of the SuDetenland. ChurChIll was then A bAckBencheR mp represeNting the Epping constitueNCy. In a raDio AddreSs twO weeks latEr, CHurchiLl aGAin empLoyed tHe terM, tHis TIMe appLYInG thE cOncept to "a COMMunIst or A NAzi tYranny".

JOsé María Gil-Robles y qUiñOnes, the leader Of tHe hiSTOrIc SPAnISh rEaCTioNARy party called thE Spanish CoNfEDeRation of thE autOnOmous RiGht (CEDA) DeclaREd his inTention to "Give Spain A tRue uNITy, a New spirit, a TotalitaRian politY" And weNT oN to saY: "DeMocracY iS noT an enD but a mEAns To the ConqueSt Of the nEw staTe. when the tIme comes, either parliamenT submiTs or wE wiLl eliminaTe iT". genEral FrancIsco franco was dEteRmiNed noT to HAve coMpetINg RigHT-wing PartIEs in Spain ANd, In APRIl 1937, cEDA was dissOLVEd. LAter GIl-ROBles weNt inTo exile.

George OrweLL made frequent uSe
a totalist ideology, a par ty reinfor ced b y a  se cr et p olic e, and monopol y  con trol of [...] industri al ma ss soci e ty " are  the th r ee f eat ur es  of  t o ta litar ian  regime s that dis tin gu ish them fro m  o ther autoc rac ies.

Earlyuse s of t he  te r m 
Th e n otion  of to t alitar ianism as  a "total "  politi c a lpowe r by the state wa s  f o rmulated in 19 23 byGi o va n n i A men dola, whode scrib e d Itali a nF a s cis m  as a systemfundamental l y d iffere nt  fr o m conv entio na l  di ctatorships . Th e term wa s late r  assign e d a pos itivemea nin g in th ewri ti n gso fGio v ann i Gentil e,  I taly' s mo s t p romi nen t ph iloso pher and lead ing  the o ris t offasci sm.He  used  the t erm t ot alitario to ref er t o the str uct ur e a nd  goal s  of th e n ewstate,which w e reto p r ov ide the "total rep re s e nt ation of  the n a ti on and tota lgui danc e of na tion a lgoals".He des c ri be d total it ariani sm  as  asocie t y in  which  the ide ology of the state h a d influence,i fn o tp ower , o ver most of  its citi zens .  A cco r dingto Be ni t oM ussolini, this syst em  polit icize s everythingspirituala n d  human:"Eve r yt h ing within the  stat e, nothing outsidethe s tate, no thing aga i n st the s tat e". 

O neo f  t he first to u s e  the  t erm "to tal itarian ism " i n t heEn glish lan guage wa sth eAu str ian w r iter Fra nz  Bo rk ena u inh is 193 8 boo k Th eCo m mun ist Int e rn a t iona l,  i n wh ich  h e com ment e d t hat itunited th e S o viet  a nd  German  dictatorship smore thanit  di videdt h em. Thelabel "totalitarian" wa s  twiceaff ixedto t he Hitler  re gime d uri n g Wins ton Ch urchi ll 'ss p eecho f  O cto be r 5, 1938b e for e the  H ouse  of Com mons in opposition tothe Munich Ag ree ment , by  wh i ch Fra nc e  an d Great Britain c onsented t oN az i Germany' s  an ne xationof theSudet e nland.Churchill  was then  a  bac k b enc her MP rep resentin g the Epp i ng co n st ituen cy.  In ara dio  addr ess tw o  we eks l ater,Ch urchil l aga in  employe d the term, this time a pplyin g the  co ncept to"aC omm unist ora Na zi tyranny ".
Jo sé Ma ría Gil-R oble s  y  Qu i ñones , th e  leader o f  t heh i st oric Spanis h r eac tiona ryp arty c alle d the Spanish Con f ederation of t he A u t ono mou s  Rig ht  (CEDA) declar edhi s intentio nto "give Sp ain a tr ue unity , a ne w spir it, a t o t al i tarian  pol ity " and wen t o nt o say:"D em o cracyis n ot  an en d buta  mea n s  to the conquest  of t h e  news tat e. Wh en  the ti m e co mes, eithe r parliamen t subm itsor we  will e li minate  it ".  General F r ancisco F ranco  was de te rmin ednot to  hav e compe ting  r igh t-wing pa r t ie s  i nS pai n an d, in  A pril  1937, CE D A was di sso l ved. La te r G i l -Roble s  w e n t into exi le. 

Geo r g e Orwell m a de f r eq u ent u se
a totalist_ideology, a_party reinforced by a_secret police,_and_monopoly control_of_[...] industrial mass_society" are the_three features of totalitarian_regimes that distinguish_them_from other autocracies.

Early uses of the term 
The notion of totalitarianism as a "total"_political_power by_the_state_was formulated in 1923 by_Giovanni Amendola, who described Italian_Fascism as_a system fundamentally different from conventional dictatorships. The_term_was later assigned_a positive meaning in the writings of Giovanni Gentile,_Italy's most prominent philosopher and leading_theorist of fascism._He_used_the term totalitario to_refer to the structure and goals_of the new state, which were_to provide the "total representation of the_nation and total guidance of national_goals". He described totalitarianism as_a society_in which the ideology of_the state had_influence, if_not power, over_most of its citizens. According to_Benito Mussolini, this_system politicizes everything spiritual and human:_"Everything_within the state,_nothing_outside_the state,_nothing against the_state".

One_of the_first_to use the term "totalitarianism" in_the_English language was the Austrian writer Franz_Borkenau in his 1938_book_The Communist International, in_which he commented that it_united the Soviet and German dictatorships_more than_it divided_them. The label "totalitarian" was twice affixed to the Hitler regime_during Winston Churchill's speech of October_5, 1938 before the_House of_Commons_in opposition to_the_Munich Agreement,_by which France and Great Britain consented_to Nazi_Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland. Churchill_was then a backbencher_MP_representing the Epping constituency. In a_radio address two weeks later, Churchill_again employed the term, this_time_applying_the concept to "a Communist_or a Nazi tyranny".

José María Gil-Robles_y Quiñones, the_leader of the historic Spanish reactionary party_called_the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous_Right_(CEDA) declared his intention to "give_Spain_a_true unity, a new spirit,_a totalitarian polity" and went on_to say: "Democracy is not an end but a_means to the_conquest of the new state._When_the_time comes, either parliament submits or we will eliminate it"._General Francisco_Franco was determined_not to have competing right-wing parties in Spain and, in_April 1937, CEDA was dissolved. Later Gil-Robles_went into exile.

George Orwell made frequent use