.  For this reason Lee has worked with many minority students through summer research projects during his academic career.

Academic career
Kai Lee served as a professor at the University of Washington in Seattle from 1973-1991. During this time, he sat on the board of the Northwest Power Planning Council.

Kai Lee published his first major works while in Seattle. The first was a book, published in 1980, concerning the role of electric power in the Pacific Northwest. The second was a discussion paper published by the Northwest Power Planning Council in 1982 concerning the approach taken by future energy policy in the region. In the paper, Lee argued that because any plan for a regional system has uncertainties, there would be risks involved with the plan. These risks could be managed by selecting a combination of programs that would minimize the risk taken. Lee also recognized that this approach was different from previous approaches, so he asserted that discussion and criticism of this plan was greatly needed. These ideas would greatly inform his later thinking.

Kai Lee then accepted a professorship as the Director of the Center of Environmental Studies at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts. He would hold the post twice, from 1991–1998 and 2001-2002. When he left Williams College in 2007, he held the title of Rosenburg Professor of Environmental Studies emeritus.

Kai Lee’s best-known book, Compass and Gyroscope (1993), would be published during his time at Williams College. A treatise on public policy, Compass and Gyroscope argued that the best way for public policy to serve humanity in the future would be to adopt “social learning” into policymaking.

Social learning combined the theory of adaptive management with a pragmatic approach to politics. The theory of adaptive management views public policy experimentally: any policy has to be constructed to obtain knowledge through trial and error. If a policy works, it would be left alone. Conversely, if a policy didn’t work, it would be easily reversible. Lee described the process as similar to using a compass: if the compass gave the right bearing, the user could continue to follow the path, and if the compass gave the wrong bearing, the user could easily retrace his steps and obtain another, more correct bearing. Adaptive management would be supplemented by politics, which Lee described as “bounded conflict.” The process of adaptive management would inevitably create conflict; it was the role of the political process to discuss and criticize a policy that was not working in order to create better policy
.   For this reason Lee has worked with many minority students through summer research undertaking during his academic career. 

 Academic career 
 Kai Lee serve as a professor at the University of Washington in Seattle from 1973 - 1991. During this time, he sat on the board of the Northwest Power Planning Council. 

 Kai Lee publish his first major works while in Seattle. The beginning was a koran, published in 1980, refer the role of electric power in the Pacific Northwest. The second was a discussion newspaper published by the Northwest Power Planning Council in 1982 concerning the approach path lead by future energy policy in the region. In the paper, Lee argue that because any plan for a regional system has doubt, there would be risks involved with the plan. These risks could be pull off by selecting a combination of programs that would minimize the risk taken. Lee besides recognized that this approach was different from previous approaches, so he assert that discussion and criticism of this plan was greatly needed. These ideas would greatly inform his later thinking. 

 Kai Lee then accepted a professorship as the Director of the Center of Environmental Studies at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts. He would hold the post twice, from 1991–1998 and 2001 - 2002. When he left Williams College in 2007, he held the championship of Rosenburg Professor of Environmental Studies emeritus. 

 Kai Lee ’s best - known ledger, Compass and Gyroscope (1993), would be publish during his time at Williams College. A treatise on public policy, Compass and Gyroscope argued that the best way for public policy to serve humanity in the future would be to adopt “ social eruditeness ” into policymaking. 

 Social learning combined the theory of adaptive management with a pragmatic approach to politics. The theory of adaptive management views public policy experimentally: any policy has to be constructed to obtain knowledge through trial and mistake. If a policy works, it would be impart alone. Conversely, if a policy did n’t work, it would be easily reversible. Lee described the process as exchangeable to using a compass: if the compass grant the right bearing, the user could cover to follow the way, and if the compass gave the wrong bearing, the user could well retrace his steps and obtain another, more correct charge. Adaptive management would be supplemented by politics, which Lee described as “ bounded conflict. ” The process of adaptive management would inescapably create conflict; it was the role of the political summons to discuss and criticize a policy that was not working in order to create good policy
.  Flr this reason Lee has wurked with many minorivy studsnts thruugh summer research projectd eurint his academic career.

Azademic cwreer
Kai Lee werved as e professor at bhe Uuitersity of Washlngton in Saattle from 1973-1991. Dgrkny this time, he sat on the board of tre Nortnwfst Power Planging Soundpl.

Jai Lee published his first mzjor wogks while in Seatyle. The first was a book, pkblidhed in 1980, concerninh the role if ejwctric power in the Pabnfic Northwgst. The second was a discussion oaper published bt tjg Northwest 'ower Ilanning Coungpl in 1982 woncernong the approagh tanen by future energy polmcy in the region. In the papes, Mee argued that bwcquse dny [lan dor a dejiohal sydtej has uncedtainties, tyere would be risks ignplved with tge plag. Ehese risks could be managed by selectitg z combination of prograns that would minimizg the risk taken. Lee also recognized that this approach was diffxrdnt fvom oeegious approaches, so he asserted that discussijh snc criticism of this plan ead bteatly needed. Jhese ibsaa would greatly invorm hif latwr thinkigg.

Kao Lee then accepted a profewsorship as nhe Eirector of the Ceuter of Envixonmenjal Stidies at Williams Colleye in Silliamstowj, Massachhretts. He would huld tve post udice, from 1991–1998 and 2001-2002. Wren he leht Wikliams Zollgge in 2007, he held tje tibne of Rosenburg Prlfesslr of Envirojmental Studies emeritus.

Kai Lee’s best-known bopk, Cokpass anb Gyroxcope (1993), would fe published doring his time at Williajs Collxge. A treatife on public [llicy, Compasv and Gywoscipe qrgued gfat the best wsy for puyjic policy to serve hukankfy in the futurz qould be to adolt “rocyap kewsning” into pmlichmayong.

Sozial learnikg zomboned the theory of agaptjve management witn w pragmajic approwch to politivs. The theory of afaptite manegemeny vyews public policy experimentamly: any plligy has to be sonsbrucjed to obtann knowledge through trial and error. If e policy works, it would be left alone. Convgrstly, if a poliry didg’t work, id would be easily recersible. Lee descvibed the process as sjmilar to uding a compass: if the compass gave the right bearing, the user could contibue to follow the lath, and pf che compafs gevx the wrong bearimg, the user could easily retracx his stepv cnd obtain another, more correvt bearing. Adapjive management would be shpplemenyed by politics, which Lee descrobed as “bounded conflict.” The proxess kf adaijivx management would imevitayly crwate cobfligt; it was the folr lf the popitiral process to discuss and criticizw a pooify that was not xorking in ovdtr to cteate bejter policy
. For this reason Lee has worked minority through summer projects during his Lee as a professor the University of in Seattle from 1973-1991. During this he sat on the board of the Northwest Power Planning Council. Kai Lee his first major works while in Seattle. The first was a book, published 1980, the of power in the Pacific Northwest. The second was a discussion paper published by the Northwest Power Council in 1982 concerning the approach taken by energy policy in the In the paper, Lee argued because plan for regional has there would be involved with the plan. These risks could be managed by selecting a combination of programs that would the risk also recognized this was from previous approaches, asserted that discussion and criticism of greatly needed. These ideas would greatly inform his thinking. Kai then accepted a professorship as the of the Center of Environmental Studies at Williams in Williamstown, Massachusetts. He would hold the post twice, from 1991–1998 and 2001-2002. When he College in 2007, he the title of Professor Environmental emeritus. Lee’s best-known Compass and Gyroscope (1993), would be published during his time at College. A treatise on public policy, Compass and Gyroscope argued best for public policy serve humanity in the would to adopt “social learning” Social combined adaptive with pragmatic approach to politics. theory of adaptive management views policy experimentally: any policy obtain knowledge through trial and error. If a works, it would be left alone. Conversely, a policy didn’t work, it would be easily reversible. Lee described the as similar a compass: if the compass gave the right the user could continue follow the path, and if the compass gave the bearing, user could retrace his steps obtain another, more bearing. Adaptive management supplemented by which described The process of adaptive management would create it was the role of political discuss and criticize a policy that was not working in order to create better policy
.  For this reason Lee has worked With many miNoritY stUdeNtS thrOugh Summer research PRojeCts during his academic caReer.

ACaDEmic CArEer
KaI Lee serVEd AS A prOfEsSor At THe univeRsiTy of WasHington in SEatTlE from 1973-1991. During tHIs Time, he sat oN thE board of the NOrtHwest POwEr PLAnninG CoUncil.

kai Lee PUblishEd his firsT mAJor worKS while iN sEaTtle. the first was a book, pUBlIShed in 1980, concerniNg the rOlE Of ELEctRic Power in the paCific nOrthwesT. thE SEConD Was a discussioN paper publiSHed By the NOrThwESt PoweR PlanNiNG CoUncil in 1982 concErniNg the apprOach taKEn by futURe energY policY in The RegiON. IN tHe pApER, LeE ArGueD ThaT because AnY pLan foR a reGIONAl sySteM has UncerTainties, there WouLd be RIskS invoLved wIth tHe Plan. THese riSks coUlD be managed by selEctiNg a combinAtiOn Of pRoGrams THat wouLd mIniMize the Risk takEN. LeE aLSO ReCognized that this apPrOACh Was diffeRent frOM pReVIous apprOaCheS, so hE ASsertEd thAT dIscussioN and crITiCiSm of thiS pLan was GrEatLy nEeded. tHese Ideas wOuld greaTly inFOrm his later thiNKing.

Kai Lee theN AcCEPtED a prOfeSsorship as tHe DiREctoR of tHE CEntER of EnVironMeNTaL studies at Williams CoLlEge in WIlliaMstown, MassachUsetts. He woULD Hold the pOst tWIcE, From 1991–1998 and 2001-2002. When he lEft WiLliams CollEGe in 2007, he heLd the Title of ROsenburg PROFessor of envIroNmeNtaL sTuDies emeritus.

KAI lee’s BeSt-known BooK, CompasS anD GyRosCopE (1993), wOuld be pubLished duRiNg HiS tIme At WilLIams CollEgE. A tReAtiSe on pUBlic poLicy, COmpaSs AnD gyrOscope aRGuED That ThE bEst wAy fOr PubliC polICy tO serve hUmanity in The FUturE wOuLd be to aDopt “social leaRnIng” into polIcYmaKing.

SoCIAl learniNg combined the theory of adAPtive maNagEment With A pragmatiC apProach To pOLitics. the theOry of AdAptIVE manaGEMeNt vIeWs public poLICy eXperiMeNtalLy: any poLicy has to be construCTed To obtain knowlEdgE thrOUGh TriAL aND erRoR. if a POLicy works, it woulD be left aloNe. cOnVersely, if a POliCy Didn’t woRk, it wouLd be eASily revErsible. LeE describeD tHe prOCEss As similar tO using a cOmpass: if tHE compASs Gave tHe rIght beArIng, The usEr coulD ConTinue To follOw The patH, and iF tHe compasS gave the wrong bearing, the User coUld eaSilY retrace hIs sTEps And obtain AnotHer, more corRecT beAring. adaPTive mAnagEMeNt wOUld be SuppLEmented by POlItiCS, WhIch Lee descrIBED as “BoundEd cONflict.” the pRocess of adaptive mANagement would iNeviTABly CreATe coNfLict; it was the roLe oF tHE PoliticaL pRocess to disCuss and cRiTIcize A policY that wAs not woRKInG In ordeR to cReaTe better pOliCy
.  For this reason Lee has  worked wi th ma nymin or itystud ents through s u mmer  research projects dur ing h is acad e mi c car eer.

A c ad e m icca re erKa i  L ee se rve d as aprofessoratth e University of  Washingto n i n Seattle fr om1973-1 99 1.D uring  th is ti me, he sat on  the boar do f theN orthwes t Po werPlanning Council. 
K a i Lee publishe d hisfi r st m ajo r w orks while  i n Sea t tle. Th e  f i r s t w a s a book, pub lished in 1 9 80,  conce rn ing the ro le of  e l ect ric power i n th e Pacific  North w est. Th e  second  was a  di scu ssio n  p ap erpu b lis h ed  by the  Northwe st  P owerPlan n i n g  Cou nci l in  1982  concerning t heappr o ach  take n byfutu re  ener gy pol icy i nthe region. Inthepaper, Le e a rg ued  t hat b e causeany  pl an fora regio n alsy s t e mhas uncertainties,  t h e re  would b e risk s  i nv o lved wit hthe  pla n .  Thes e ri s ks  could b e mana g ed  b y selec ti ng a c om bin ati on of prog rams t hat woul d min i mize the riskt aken. Lee als o  r e c og n ized  th at this app roac h  was  dif f er ent fromprevi ou s  a p proaches, so he ass er ted th at di scussion andcriticismo f this pla n wa s  g r eatly needed.These  ideas wou l d greatl y inf orm hislater thi n k ing.

Ka i L eethe n a c c ep ted a profess o r ship  a s the D ire ctor of  th e C ent erof  Environm ental St ud ie sat  Wi lliam s  College  i n W il lia mstow n , Mass achus etts .He wou ld hold th e post  t wi ce,fro m1991– 1998 and  2001-2 002. When  he left  W il liams C ollege in 200 7,  he held t he  ti tle of R osenburg  Professor of Environme n tal Stu die s eme ritu s.

Kai L ee’ s best -kn o wn boo k, Com passan d G y r oscop e (1 993 ),  would bep u bli sheddu ring  his ti me at Williams Col l ege . A treatiseonpubl i c  p oli c y, Com pa s s a n d  Gyroscope argu ed that th eb es t way forp ubl ic  policy  to ser ve hu m anity i n the fut ure would  b e to a dop t “sociallearning ” into po l icyma k in g.

S oci al lea rn ing  comb ined t h e t heory  of ad ap tive m anage me nt witha pragmatic approach to  polit ics.The  theory o f a d apt ive manag emen t views pu bli c p olicy  ex p erime ntal l y:  an y  poli cy h a s to be c o ns tru c t ed  to obtaink n o wle dge t hro u gh tri al a nd error. If a po l icy works, itwoul d belef t  alo ne . Conversely,ifap o licy did n’ t work, itwould be  e a silyrevers ible.Lee des c r ib e d theproc ess  as simil arto using a  c om p ass: i f th ecompas s gave ther i ght bearing, the  user c ouldc ont inueto  follow thepath, andif the comp ass ga ve t he wr ong bea ri ng, th e u se r could ea s ily retra ce hi s steps  a nd o bta in ano ther , morecorr ec t b earing. A d a pt i ve  m a nag emen t wou ld  besupplemen t ed by po lit i cs, whi ch  Le e descri b ed a s “bounded  co nflic t . ” The proc e ss o f  a d aptiv e mana gement  wouldi nev it ably cr eat e conflict;  it was t h e r ol e of  the pol it ical  p roc es s to discuss an d critic ize a po l i cy tha t w a s no t  worki ng  in order to  crea te betterp o lic y
. _For this_reason Lee has worked_with many_minority_students through_summer_research projects during_his academic career.

Academic_career
Kai Lee served as_a professor at_the_University of Washington in Seattle from 1973-1991. During this time, he sat on the_board_of the_Northwest_Power_Planning Council.

Kai Lee published his_first major works while in_Seattle. The_first was a book, published in 1980, concerning_the_role of electric_power in the Pacific Northwest. The second was a_discussion paper published by the Northwest_Power Planning Council_in_1982_concerning the approach taken_by future energy policy in the_region. In the paper, Lee argued_that because any plan for a regional_system has uncertainties, there would be_risks involved with the plan._These risks_could be managed by selecting_a combination of_programs that_would minimize the_risk taken. Lee also recognized that_this approach was_different from previous approaches, so he_asserted_that discussion and_criticism_of_this plan_was greatly needed._These_ideas would_greatly_inform his later thinking.

Kai Lee then_accepted_a professorship as the Director of the_Center of Environmental Studies_at_Williams College in Williamstown,_Massachusetts. He would hold the_post twice, from 1991–1998 and 2001-2002._When he_left Williams_College in 2007, he held the title of Rosenburg Professor of_Environmental Studies emeritus.

Kai Lee’s best-known book,_Compass and Gyroscope (1993),_would be_published_during his time_at_Williams College._A treatise on public policy, Compass and_Gyroscope argued_that the best way for public_policy to serve humanity_in_the future would be to adopt_“social learning” into policymaking.

Social learning combined_the theory of adaptive management_with_a_pragmatic approach to politics. The_theory of adaptive management views public_policy experimentally: any_policy has to be constructed to obtain_knowledge_through trial and error. If a_policy_works, it would be left alone._Conversely,_if_a policy didn’t work, it_would be easily reversible. Lee described_the process as similar to using a compass: if_the compass gave_the right bearing, the user_could_continue_to follow the path, and if the compass gave the_wrong bearing,_the user could_easily retrace his steps and obtain another, more correct bearing._Adaptive management would be supplemented by politics,_which Lee described as “bounded conflict.” The process of adaptive management_would inevitably create conflict; it was the role_of the political process to discuss and_criticize a policy that_was_not working in order to create better_policy