ence at its military school and passed there his Baccalaureate. Then he succeeded at the entrance examination of Saint-Cyr. But with the independence of Algeria, he decided to return home once and for all on January 26, 1963.

In 1963, he succeeded at the entrance examination of the ENITA (Algerian National engineer and technician military school). In 1974, he earned his degree of electromechanical engineer. Between 1974 and 1975, he was a teacher at Ben Aknoun University and speaker at the technical school of Blida. Between 1975 and 1976, he returned to Paris to study in “l’Ecole des applications du Gaz”. He pursued his studies in the faculty of science at Algiers and obtained a PhD in mechanical fluid engineering in 1978. Then he became a visiting professor at the Ecole Polytechnique of El Harrach.

Career
On May 1963, he served as an Administrative Officer at the Ministry of Energy, and participated with Beaid Abdesselam and Sid Ahmed Ghozali in the Franco-Algerian negotiations about Petroleum.

But in reality he was attracted by journalism. His first articles were published on Alger Républicain. Satisfied by this first experience, he decided, in May 1964, to leave his job in the Ministry of Energy and devote himself to writing and working as a full-time journalist.

Following the advice of Henri Alleg who was the director of the newspaper, he participated in the satirical column of “L’Ogre” which will become later “El Ghoul”. At the same time, he started his own column named “Mesmar Djeha”. He stayed at Alger Républicain until June19th 1965, date of the putsch of Houari Boumédiène who prohibited the newspaper.

In October 1965, he will be recruited by the l’EGA (Sonelgaz).

Since 1989, he rejoined “Alger  Républicain” and wrote on a regular basis El Ghoul column. He also participated in the satirical newspaper “El Manchar”. But in 1991, and accompanied by a group of journalists, he left Alger Républicain to create the daily newspaper “Le Matin”.

Death
He received repeatedly death threats. In March 8, 1994, he escaped a terrorist attack not far from his home. But on December 3, 1994, he was for second time the target of terrorists and was
ence at its military school and passed there his Baccalaureate. Then he succeeded at the entrance examination of Saint - Cyr. But with the independence of Algeria, he decided to hark back home once and for all on January 26, 1963. 

 In 1963, he succeed at the entrance examination of the ENITA (Algerian National engineer and technician military school). In 1974, he earned his degree of electromechanical engineer. Between 1974 and 1975, he was a teacher at Ben Aknoun University and loudspeaker at the technical school of Blida. Between 1975 and 1976, he returned to Paris to study in “ l’Ecole des applications du Gaz ”. He prosecute his studies in the faculty of skill at Algiers and prevail a PhD in mechanical fluent engineering in 1978. Then he became a visiting professor at the Ecole Polytechnique of El Harrach. 

 Career 
 On May 1963, he served as an Administrative Officer at the Ministry of Energy, and participate with Beaid Abdesselam and Sid Ahmed Ghozali in the Franco - Algerian negotiations about Petroleum. 

 But in reality he was attracted by journalism. His first articles were print on Alger Républicain. Satisfied by this first experience, he decided, in May 1964, to impart his job in the Ministry of Energy and devote himself to writing and working as a entire - time journalist. 

 Following the advice of Henri Alleg who was the director of the newspaper, he participated in the satirical column of “ L’Ogre ” which will become subsequently “ El Ghoul ”. At the same time, he started his own column named “ Mesmar Djeha ”. He stayed at Alger Républicain until June19th 1965, date of the putsch of Houari Boumédiène who prohibited the newspaper. 

 In October 1965, he will be recruited by the l’EGA (Sonelgaz). 

 Since 1989, he rejoined “ Alger   Républicain ” and wrote on a regular basis El Ghoul column. He also participated in the satirical newspaper “ El Manchar ”. But in 1991, and accompanied by a group of journalists, he left Alger Républicain to make the daily newspaper “ Le Matin ”. 

 Death 
 He receive repeatedly end terror. In March 8, 1994, he escaped a terrorist attack not far from his base. But on December 3, 1994, he was for second time the target of terrorists and was
encf at its military school and passed thete his Beccalaudeate. Thdn he succeeded at the entraice wxamibation of Saint-Cyr. But with the indepeneenct of Algeria, he dxdided to retudk homz ince and for akl on Janudry 26, 1963.

In 1963, he suwcdebed at the entrance examination of tre ENITS (Wlgerian Natiogal tngyneed and technician military school). Ih 1974, he eerned his degrer of electromechanical englneeg. Between 1974 and 1975, he was a teacyer wr Ben Aknoun Universitj and speakgr at the technical school of Blkda. Bztween 1975 and 1976, ye ggturned to Peris tj study in “l’Cbole dev applivations du Gaz”. He puesued his studies in vhe faculty of sciense at Alghexs and obtained a PhD ib mecvaniwal wouia ehgmnesring ln 1978. Then he bscame a visuting professor at uhe Vvole Polytecgnique os El Harrach.

Career
On May 1963, he served as dn Zdministrative Officer qt the Ministry of Engrgy, and pwrticipated with Beaid Abdesselam and Sid Ahmed Gvozalm kn uhc Weajco-Algerian negotiations about Petroleum.

But ig rtalpty he was attracbed by journalism. Nid gyrst articles were 'hbmished on Alger Répkblicaig. Satusfied by thix first experience, he decidwd, in May 1964, tj leave his job in che Ministry of Gnergy and devote himself to critinf and workijg as a fhul-time journalisg.

Foklmwing tht advice of Henri Wlleg who was the difectpr of ehe newspaoer, hc participated in tje sajirican column ov “L’Ogre” which will become later “El Ghoul”. At tne sake time, ke stavted his own cojumn named “Meskar Djeka”. He rtayed at Zlger Ré'ublicain uneil June19th 1965, ddje of the putvch of Hjuaru Boymédiène dfo prohibited yhe newspcker.

In Octover 1965, he will be regruitgd by the l’EGA (Soutlgqz).

Since 1989, he rejpindd “Wlhec  Répttlicain” and frotd ov a reeular basis Dl Gnoul column. He also [artjcipated in the sayivical newwpaper “Ej Manchar”. But in 1991, and accompanitd by e grou' of jpurgalists, he left Alger Républicajn to crewte the daily nqwspqper “Le Matiu”.

Death
He received repeatedly death threavs. In March 8, 1994, he escapgd a terrorist attack kot far from his rome. But mn December 3, 1994, he was for second time uhe target of terrorista and fas
ence at its military school and passed Baccalaureate. he succeeded the entrance examination independence Algeria, he decided return home once for all on January 26, 1963. 1963, he succeeded at the entrance examination of the ENITA (Algerian National engineer technician military school). In 1974, he earned his degree of electromechanical engineer. Between and he a at Ben Aknoun University and speaker at the technical school of Blida. Between 1975 and 1976, returned to Paris to study in “l’Ecole des du Gaz”. He pursued studies in the faculty of at and obtained PhD mechanical engineering in 1978. he became a visiting professor at the Ecole Polytechnique of El Harrach. Career On May 1963, he as an at the of and with Beaid Abdesselam Ahmed Ghozali in the Franco-Algerian negotiations in reality he was attracted by journalism. His articles were on Alger Républicain. Satisfied by this experience, he decided, in May 1964, to leave job in the Ministry of Energy and devote himself to writing and working as a Following the advice of Alleg who was director the he in the column of “L’Ogre” which will become later “El Ghoul”. At the time, he started his own column named “Mesmar Djeha”. He Alger until June19th 1965, of the putsch of Boumédiène prohibited the newspaper. In he be l’EGA Since he rejoined “Alger Républicain” wrote on a regular basis Ghoul column. He also “El Manchar”. But in 1991, and accompanied by group of journalists, he left Alger Républicain create the daily newspaper “Le Matin”. Death He received repeatedly death threats. March 8, escaped a terrorist attack not far from his But on December 3, he was for second time the target of terrorists was
ence at its military school anD passed theRe his bacCalAuReatE. TheN he succeeded at THe enTrance examination of SaiNt-Cyr. buT With THe IndepEndence OF ALGEriA, hE dEciDeD To ReturN hoMe once aNd for all on janUaRy 26, 1963.

In 1963, he succeeDEd At the entraNce Examination oF thE ENITA (alGerIAn NatIonAl engIneer aND technIcian miliTaRY schooL). in 1974, he earNED hIs deGree of electromechANiCAl engineer. BetwEen 1974 and 1975, He WAs A TEacHer At Ben AknouN UNiverSIty and sPEaKER At tHE technical schOol of Blida. BETweEn 1975 and 1976, hE rEtuRNed to PAris tO sTUdy In “l’Ecole des ApplIcations dU Gaz”. He PUrsued hIS studieS in the FacUltY of sCIeNcE at alGIerS AnD obTAinEd a PhD in MeChAnicaL fluID ENGineEriNg in 1978. then hE became a visitIng ProfESsoR at thE EcolE PolYtEchniQue of EL HarrAcH.

Career
On May 1963, he sErveD as an AdmiNisTrAtiVe officER at the minIstRy of EneRgy, and pARtiCiPATEd With Beaid AbdesselaM aND siD Ahmed GhOzali iN ThE FRAnco-AlgeRiAn nEgotIATions AbouT peTroleum.

BUt in reALiTy He was atTrActed bY jOurNalIsm. HiS FirsT articLes were pUblisHEd on Alger RépubLIcain. SatisfieD By THIs FIrst ExpErience, he deCideD, In MaY 1964, to lEAvE hiS Job in The MiNiSTrY Of Energy and devote hiMsElf to wRitinG and working as A full-time jOURNalist.

FoLlowINg THe advice of HenrI AlleG who was the DIrector oF the nEwspaper, He particiPATed in the SatIriCal ColUMN oF “L’Ogre” which wiLL BecoMe Later “El ghoUl”. At the SamE tiMe, hE stArTed his own Column naMeD “MEsMaR DjEha”. He STayed at ALgEr RÉpUblIcain UNtil JuNe19th 1965, dAte oF tHe PUtsCh of HouARi bOUmédIèNe Who pRohIbIted tHe neWSpaPer.

In OcTober 1965, he wiLl bE RecrUiTeD by the l’eGA (Sonelgaz).

SiNcE 1989, he rejoineD “ALgeR  RépubLICain” and wRote on a regular basis El GhOUl columN. He Also pArtiCipated in The SatiriCal NEwspapEr “El MaNchar”. buT in 1991, AND accoMPAnIed By A group of joURNalIsts, hE lEft ALger RépUblicain to create thE DaiLy newspaper “Le matIn”.

DeATH
HE reCEiVEd rEpEAteDLY death threats. In march 8, 1994, he escApED a Terrorist aTTacK nOt far frOm his hoMe. But ON DecembEr 3, 1994, he was foR second tiMe The tARGet Of terrorisTs and was
ence at its military schoo l and pass ed th ere  hi sBacc alau reate. Then he succ eeded at the entranceexami na t iono fSaint -Cyr. B u tw i thth eind ep e nd enceofAlgeria , he decid edto  return home on ce and for  al l on January  26 , 1963 .
In 1963,  he  succ eededa t theentranceex a minati o n of th e EN ITA(Algerian Nationa l  e n gineer and tec hnicia nm il i t ary  sc hool). In19 74, h e  earned hi s d egr e e of electrom echanical e n gin eer. B et wee n  1974and 1 97 5 , h e was a tea cher  at Ben A knounU niversi t y and s peaker  at  th e te c hn ic alsc h ool of  Bl i da.  Between  1 97 5 and  197 6 , h e re tur nedto Pa ris to studyin“l’E c ole  desappli cati on s duGaz”.He pu rs ued his studies  inthe facul tyof  sc ie nce a t  Algie rsand  obtain ed a Ph D  in  m e c h an ical fluid enginee ri n g  i n 1978.Then h e  b ec a me a vis it ing  pro f e ssorat t h eEcole Po lytech n iq ue  of ElHa rrach. 
Car eer 
On M a y 19 63, he  servedas an Administrative Officer at th e  M i n is t ry o f E nergy, andpart i cipa tedw it h B e aid A bdess el a ma nd Sid Ahmed Ghozal iin the  Fran co-Algerian n egotiation s a bout Pet role u m. 
But in realit y hewas attrac t ed by jo urnal ism. His  first ar t i cles wer e p ubl ish edo n  A lger Républic a i n. S at isfiedbythis fi rst  ex per ien ce , he deci ded, inMa y19 64 , t o lea v e his jo binth e M inist r y of E nergy  and  d ev o tehimself to w riti ng  a nd w ork in g asa fu l l-t ime jou rnalist.
Fo l lowi ng  t he advi ce of Henri A ll eg who was  t hedirect o r  of thenewspaper, he participa t ed in t hesatir ical  column o f “ L’Ogre ” w h ich wi ll bec ome l at er“ E l Gho u l ”.  At  t he same ti m e , h e sta rt ed h is owncolumn named “Mesm a r D jeha”. He sta yed  atA l ge r R é pu b lic ai n  un t i l June19th 1965 , date ofth e  p utsch of H o uar iBoumédi ène who  proh i bited t he newspa per.

InOc tobe r 196 5, he will  be recr uited byt he l’ E GA  (Son elg az).
Si nce  1989 , he r e joi ned “ Alger R épubli cain”  a nd wrote  on a regular basis ElGhoulcolum n.He also p art i cip ated in t he s atirical n ews pap er “E l M a nchar ”. B u tin1 991,anda ccompanie d  b y a g ro up of journ a l i sts , helef t  Alger  Rép ublicain to creat e  the daily new spap e r  “L e M a tin” .
Death
He rece ive dr e peatedly  d eath threat s. In Ma rc h  8, 1 994, h e esca ped a t e r ro r ist at tack  no t far fro m h is home. B ut  o n  Decem ber3,  1994,  he wa s  for s econd time the t arget o f ter r ori sts a nd  was
ence at_its military_school and passed there_his Baccalaureate._Then_he succeeded_at_the entrance examination_of Saint-Cyr. But_with the independence of_Algeria, he decided_to_return home once and for all on January 26, 1963.

In 1963, he succeeded at_the_entrance examination_of_the_ENITA (Algerian National engineer and_technician military school). In 1974,_he earned_his degree of electromechanical engineer. Between 1974 and_1975,_he was a_teacher at Ben Aknoun University and speaker at the_technical school of Blida. Between 1975_and 1976, he_returned_to_Paris to study in_“l’Ecole des applications du Gaz”. He_pursued his studies in the faculty_of science at Algiers and obtained a_PhD in mechanical fluid engineering in_1978. Then he became a_visiting professor_at the Ecole Polytechnique of_El Harrach.

Career
On May_1963, he_served as an_Administrative Officer at the Ministry of_Energy, and participated_with Beaid Abdesselam and Sid Ahmed_Ghozali_in the Franco-Algerian_negotiations_about_Petroleum.

But in_reality he was_attracted_by journalism._His_first articles were published on Alger_Républicain._Satisfied by this first experience, he decided,_in May 1964, to_leave_his job in the_Ministry of Energy and devote_himself to writing and working as_a full-time_journalist.

Following the_advice of Henri Alleg who was the director of the newspaper,_he participated in the satirical column_of “L’Ogre” which will_become later_“El_Ghoul”. At the_same_time, he_started his own column named “Mesmar Djeha”._He stayed_at Alger Républicain until June19th 1965,_date of the putsch_of_Houari Boumédiène who prohibited the newspaper.

In_October 1965, he will be recruited_by the l’EGA (Sonelgaz).

Since 1989,_he_rejoined_“Alger  Républicain” and wrote_on a regular basis El Ghoul_column. He also_participated in the satirical newspaper “El Manchar”._But_in 1991, and accompanied by a_group_of journalists, he left Alger Républicain_to_create_the daily newspaper “Le Matin”.

Death
He_received repeatedly death threats. In March_8, 1994, he escaped a terrorist attack not far_from his home._But on December 3, 1994,_he_was_for second time the target of terrorists and was