 in one of two ways. Firstly, a dissatisfied employee appropriates information to advance interests or to damage the company. Secondly, a competitor or foreign government seeks information to advance its own technological or financial interest. "Moles", or trusted insiders, are generally considered the best sources for economic or industrial espionage. Historically known as a "patsy", an insider can be induced, willingly or under duress, to provide information. A patsy may be initially asked to hand over inconsequential information and, once compromised by committing a crime, bribed into handing over more sensitive material. Individuals may leave one company to take up employment with another and take sensitive information with them. Such apparent behavior has been the focus of numerous industrial espionage cases that have resulted in legal battles. Some countries hire individuals to do spying rather than use of their own intelligence agencies. Academics, business delegates, and students are often thought to be used by governments in gathering information. Some countries, such as Japan, have been reported to expect students be debriefed on returning home. A spy may follow a guided tour of a factory and then get "lost". A spy could be an engineer, a maintenance man, a cleaner, an insurance salesman, or an inspector: anyone who has legitimate access to the premises.

A spy may break into the premises to steal data and may search through waste paper and refuse, known as "dumpster diving". Information may be compromised via unsolicited requests for information, marketing surveys or use of technical support or research or software facilities. Outsourced industrial producers may ask for information outside the agreed-upon contract.

Computers have facilitated the process of collecting information because of the ease of access to large amounts of information through physical contact or the Internet.

Use of computers and the Internet

Personal computers
Computers have become key in exercising industrial espionage due to the enormous amount of information they contain and the ease at which it can be copied and transmitted. The use of computers for espionage increased rapidly in the 1990s. Information has commonly been stolen by individuals posing as subsidiary workers, such as cleaners or repairmen, gaining access to unattended computers and copying information from them. Laptops were, and still are, a prime target, with those traveling abroad on business being warned not to leave them for any period of time. Perpetrators of espionage have been known to find many ways of conning unsuspecting individuals into parting, often only temporarily
in one of two ways. Firstly, a dissatisfied employee appropriates data to gain interests or to damage the company. second, a competitor or extraneous government seeks data to progress its own technological or fiscal sake. " Moles ", or hope insiders, are generally consider the best sources for economic or industrial espionage. Historically known as a " patsy ", an insider can be induced, willingly or under duress, to provide information. A chump may be initially asked to hand over inconsequential data and, once compromised by committing a crime, bribed into handing over more sensitive material. person may leave one company to take up employment with another and take sensible information with them. Such apparent behavior has been the focus of numerous industrial espionage cases that have resulted in legal battles. Some country lease individuals to do spying rather than use of their own intelligence agencies. Academics, commercial enterprise delegates, and students are much think to be used by governments in gathering data. Some countries, such as Japan, have been report to expect students be debrief on returning home. A spy may follow a guided tour of a factory and then get " lose ". A spy could be an engineer, a maintenance man, a cleaner, an insurance salesman, or an inspector: anyone who has lawful entree to the premise. 

 A spy may break into the premises to steal data and may search through waste paper and refuse, known as " dumpster dive ". Information may be compromise via unsolicited requests for data, marketing surveys or use of technical support or research or software facility. Outsourced industrial manufacturer may ask for data outside the agreed - upon contract. 

 Computers have facilitate the process of collecting data because of the ease of access to large amounts of information through physical contact or the Internet. 

 Use of computers and the Internet 

 Personal computers 
 Computers have become key in exercising industrial espionage due to the enormous sum of information they contain and the rest at which it can be copied and transmitted. The manipulation of computers for espionage increased rapidly in the nineties. Information has commonly been stolen by individuals posing as subsidiary workers, such as cleaners or repairman, gaining access to unattended computers and copying information from them. Laptops were, and still are, a premier target, with those traveling abroad on commercial enterprise being warn not to leave them for any period of time. perpetrator of espionage have been known to find many ways of conning unsuspecting individuals into parting, often merely temporarily
 in one of two ways. Firstly, a dissatisfied employxe apprkpriates information to advance intecestw or uj damage the compavy. Secondpy, a competiuor or foreign gotsrnment seeks lnforketion to advancg its own tewhnological or fkncncial interest. "Moles", or trusted insyders, ate generally confidegeq ths best sources for economic or indhstrial espionage. Hixtorically known as a "patsj", an insider can be infuced, willibgly ir under durdss, to pronnde informajion. A patsy may be initially asyed tp hand ovet jnfmnsequentiao infjrmation and, once cokpromisrd by committikg a rrimw, bribed into handing over more sensitide materidl. Individuals may oeqve ote cmmpavt tu tzkx ul empllymxnt with ankther and tqke sensitive inforkaeppn with them. Such wp[arent behavior has been the focus of nlmerkus industrial espionagw cases that have resolted in lqgal battles. Some countries hire individuals to dm spymne rcbmer gyaj use of their own intelligence agencies. Acadqjivs, business delenates, and students age jften thought to be ussd by governments ln gathgring unformatijn. Spme countries, such as Japan, have been rvporred to expect studznts be debrnefed pn reyurning home. A spy may yollow a guided tlur of a rxctory and then eet "lmst". A spy could be an engigeer, a mamntencnce man, a ckeaner, an insurajce salesman, or an inspeftor: cnyona who has pegitimate access to the premisxx.

A spy may btean itto the 'remiscs to steal datw and may seareh throuyh wasge paper ahd refuve, known as "dumpster divhjg". Informatimn may bq conpronised vkx unsolicited tequests yjr ibformation, marketikg sutvsys or use of tzehbical support ot rdsewrbh pr voftware fachlitkes. Putsojrced indusbrixl ptoducers may ask for infkrmation outside tne agreed-ukon contrwct.

Computers nave facilitated tje prmcers of cojlecting information because or the easf on access to lwrge amounts of nnformation through physical contact or vhe Internet.

Use of comkuters and the Interngt

Ptrsonal compuvers
Coiputers hdve become key in exwrcising industrisl espionage due to tge enosmous amount of information they contain and the ease at which it can be copiee and vrwnsmitted. Tge uxe of cjkputerf foc xspionage increasvd rapidly in the 1990s. Information ias commonny been stolen by individuals loring as subsiaiary workers, such as clsaners ot repairmen, gaining access to umattended computers and gopying ibformztion from them. Laptops were, and scill aee, a prume barget, with thuse tvaveling ahroav ou business being warned not to leqve thwm for any period mf time. Perieurators of eskionage have been knosj to wind many wayx of conning umsuspecting individudlf into parting, kften only tgmporatnny
in one of two ways. Firstly, a appropriates to advance or to damage or government seeks information advance its own or financial interest. "Moles", or trusted are generally considered the best sources for economic or industrial espionage. Historically known a "patsy", an insider can be induced, willingly or under duress, to provide A may initially to hand over inconsequential information and, once compromised by committing a crime, bribed into handing over sensitive material. Individuals may leave one company to up employment with another take sensitive information with them. apparent has been focus numerous espionage cases that resulted in legal battles. Some countries hire individuals to do spying rather than use of their own agencies. Academics, and students often to used by governments information. Some countries, such as Japan, to expect students be debriefed on returning home. spy may a guided tour of a factory then get "lost". A spy could be an a maintenance man, a cleaner, an insurance salesman, or an inspector: anyone who has legitimate the premises. A spy break into the to data may through waste and refuse, known as "dumpster diving". Information may be compromised via requests for information, marketing surveys or use of technical support or facilities. Outsourced industrial may ask for information the contract. Computers have facilitated of information ease access large amounts of information physical contact or the Internet. of computers and the become key in exercising industrial espionage due to enormous amount of information they contain and ease at which it can be copied and transmitted. The use of for espionage in the 1990s. Information has commonly been stolen individuals posing as subsidiary such as cleaners or repairmen, gaining access to unattended and information from Laptops were, and are, a prime with those traveling business being not leave period of time. Perpetrators of espionage been to find many ways of unsuspecting parting, often only temporarily
 in one of two ways. Firstly, a disSatisfied eMployEe aPprOpRiatEs inFormation to advANce iNterests or to damage the cOmpanY. SECondLY, a CompeTitor or FOrEIGn gOvErNmeNt SEeKs infOrmAtion to Advance its Own TeChnological oR FiNancial intEreSt. "Moles", or truSteD insidErS, arE GenerAllY consIdered THe best Sources foR eCOnomic OR industRIAl EspiOnage. Historically KNoWN as a "patsy", an insIder caN bE InDUCed, WilLingly or unDeR dureSS, to provIDe INFOrmATion. A patsy may Be initially ASkeD to hanD oVer INconseQuentIaL InfOrmation and, Once CompromisEd by coMMitting A Crime, brIbed inTo hAndIng oVEr MoRe sEnSItiVE mAteRIal. individuAlS mAy leaVe onE COMPany To tAke uP emplOyment with anoTheR and TAke SensiTive iNforMaTion wIth theM. Such ApParent behavior hAs beEn the focuS of NuMerOuS induSTrial eSpiOnaGe cases That havE ResUlTED In Legal battles. Some coUnTRIeS hire indIviduaLS tO dO Spying raThEr tHan uSE Of theIr owN InTelligenCe agenCIeS. ACademicS, bUsinesS dEleGatEs, and STudeNts are Often thoUght tO Be used by governMEnts in gatheriNG iNFOrMAtioN. SoMe countries, Such AS JapAn, haVE bEen REportEd to eXpECt STudents be debriefed oN rEturniNg homE. A spy may folloW a guided toUR OF a factorY and THeN Get "lost". A spy couLd be aN engineer, a MAintenanCe man, A cleaner, An insuranCE Salesman, Or aN inSpeCtoR: ANyOne who has legiTIMate AcCess to tHe pRemises.

a spY maY brEak InTo the premIses to stEaL dAtA aNd mAy seaRCh througH wAstE pApeR and rEFuse, knOwn as "DumpStEr DIviNg". InforMAtION may Be CoMproMisEd Via unSoliCIteD requesTs for infoRmaTIon, mArKeTing surVeys or use of teChNical suppoRt Or rEsearcH OR softwarE facilities. Outsourced inDUstrial ProDucerS may Ask for infOrmAtion oUtsIDe the aGreed-uPon coNtRacT.

cOmputERS hAve FaCilitated tHE ProCess oF cOlleCting inFormation because of THe eAse of access to LarGe amOUNtS of INfORmaTiON thROUgh physical contAct or the InTeRNeT.

Use of compUTerS aNd the InTernet

PErsonAL computErs
ComputErs have beCoMe keY IN exErcising inDustrial Espionage DUe to tHE eNormoUs aMount oF iNfoRmatiOn they COntAin anD the eaSe At whicH it caN bE copied aNd transmitted. The use of coMputerS for eSpiOnage incrEasED raPidly in thE 1990s. InFormation hAs cOmmOnly bEen STolen By inDIvIduALs posIng aS SubsidiarY WoRkeRS, SuCh as cleanerS OR RepAirmeN, gaINing acCess To unattended compuTErs and copying iNforMATioN frOM theM. LAptops were, and sTilL aRE, A prime taRgEt, with those TravelinG aBRoad oN businEss beiNg warneD NOt TO leave Them For Any period Of tImE. perpetrAtOrS Of espiOnagE hAve beeN known TO finD MAny ways of conning UnsusPECting INdiViduaLs Into parTIng, oFten only teMporarily
 in one of two ways. First ly, a diss atisf ied  em pl oyee  app ropriates info r mati on to advance interest s orto dama g ethe c ompany. Se c o ndl y,  a  co mp e ti tor o r f oreigngovernment  se ek s informatio n  t o advanceits  own technol ogi cal or  f ina n cialint erest . "Mol e s", or  trustedin s iders, are gen e r al ly c onsidered the bes t  s o urces for econ omic o ri nd u s tri alespionage.  H istor i cally k n ow n a s a "patsy", an i nsider canb e i nduced ,wil l inglyor un de r  du ress, to pr ovid e informa tion.A  patsym ay be i nitial lyask ed t o  h an d o ve r  in c on seq u ent ial info rm at ion a nd,o n c e  com pro mise d bycommitting acri me,b rib ed in to ha ndin govermore s ensit iv e material. Ind ivid uals maylea ve  on ecompa n y to t ake  up  employ ment wi t h a no t h e rand take sensitive  i n f or mation w ith th e m.  S u ch appar en t b ehav i o r has  bee n  t he focus  of nu m er ou s indus tr ial es pi ona gecases that  haveresulted  in l e gal battles. S o me countriesh ir e in d ivid ual s to do spy ingr athe r th a nuse of th eir o wn in t elligence agencies.  A cademi cs, b usiness deleg ates, ands t u dents ar e of t en thought to beusedby governm e nts in g ather ing info rmation.S o me count rie s,suc h a s Ja pan, have bee n repo rt ed to e xpe ct stud ent s b e d ebr ie fed on re turningho me .Aspy  mayf ollow agu ide dtou r ofa  facto ry an d th en  g e t " lost".A  s p y  cou ld  b e an  en gi neer,  a m a int enanceman, a cl ean e r, a nin surance  salesman, or  a n inspecto r:  an yone w h o  has leg itimate access to the p r emises. 

A  spymaybreak int o t he pre mis e s to s teal d ata a nd  ma y searc h th rou gh  waste pap e r  an d ref us e, k nown as  "dumpster diving" .  In formation may  be  com p r om ise d  v i a u ns o lic i t ed requests for  informati on ,  m arketing s u rve ys  or use  of tec hnica l  suppor t or rese arch or s of twar e fac ilities. O utsource d industr i al pr o du cersmay  ask f or  in forma tion o u tsi de th e agre ed -uponcontr ac t.

Comp uters have facilitatedthe pr ocess  of  collecti ngi nfo rmation b ecau se of theeas e o f acc ess to la rgea mo unt s  of i nfor m ation thr o ug h p h y si cal contact o r  th e Int ern e t.

Us e of  computers and th e  Internet

Per sona l com put e rs
C om puters have be com ek e y in exe rc ising indus trial es pi o nagedue to  the e normous a mo u nt ofinfo rma tion they  co nt a in andth ee ase at  whi ch  it ca n be c o pied a nd transmitted.The u s e  of c o mpu tersfo r espio n ageincreasedrapidly inthe 19 90s.  Info rmation  h as com mon ly  been stol e n by indi vidua ls posi ng  assub sidiar y wo r k ers,such  a s c leaners o r re p ai rm e n,gain ing a cc essto unatte n ded comp ute r s and c op yin g inform a ti o n  from them . L aptop s were, ands till ar e , a p rime t arget,  with t h ose  t ravelin g a b r oad on bu siness be i ngwa rned  not tole aveth emfo r any period of  time. P erpetrat o r s of e spi o nage have b ee n known to f ind m an y  ways o f con ning un s usp ect ing  ind ivi dual s  into parting, often onl y te mpora r ily 
 in_one of_two ways. Firstly, a_dissatisfied employee_appropriates_information to_advance_interests or to_damage the company._Secondly, a competitor or_foreign government seeks_information_to advance its own technological or financial interest. "Moles", or trusted insiders, are generally_considered_the best_sources_for_economic or industrial espionage. Historically_known as a "patsy", an_insider can_be induced, willingly or under duress, to provide_information._A patsy may_be initially asked to hand over inconsequential information and,_once compromised by committing a crime,_bribed into handing_over_more_sensitive material. Individuals may_leave one company to take up_employment with another and take sensitive_information with them. Such apparent behavior has_been the focus of numerous industrial_espionage cases that have resulted_in legal_battles. Some countries hire individuals_to do spying_rather than_use of their_own intelligence agencies. Academics, business delegates,_and students are_often thought to be used by_governments_in gathering information._Some_countries,_such as_Japan, have been_reported_to expect_students_be debriefed on returning home. A_spy_may follow a guided tour of a_factory and then get_"lost"._A spy could be_an engineer, a maintenance man,_a cleaner, an insurance salesman, or_an inspector:_anyone who_has legitimate access to the premises.

A spy may break into the_premises to steal data and may_search through waste paper_and refuse,_known_as "dumpster diving"._Information_may be_compromised via unsolicited requests for information, marketing_surveys or_use of technical support or research_or software facilities. Outsourced_industrial_producers may ask for information outside_the agreed-upon contract.

Computers have facilitated the_process of collecting information because_of_the_ease of access to large_amounts of information through physical contact_or the Internet.

Use_of computers and the Internet

Personal computers
Computers have_become_key in exercising industrial espionage due_to_the enormous amount of information they_contain_and_the ease at which it_can be copied and transmitted. The_use of computers for espionage increased rapidly in the_1990s. Information has_commonly been stolen by individuals_posing_as_subsidiary workers, such as cleaners or repairmen, gaining access to_unattended computers_and copying information_from them. Laptops were, and still are, a prime target,_with those traveling abroad on business being_warned not to leave them for any period of time. Perpetrators_of espionage have been known to find many_ways of conning unsuspecting individuals into parting,_often only temporarily