 the Second World War.

Creation of the Inundation

Prior to the creation of the Inundation, the principal access to Gibraltar was via a narrow strip of land between the Morass and the cliff face of the Rock. During the Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar, the Spanish had managed to dig trenches along this strip of land to reach within only  of the walls of Gibraltar. A redan or flèche was built in front of the town's Landport Gate during the siege to overlook the Morass and provide additional defence.

Oliver Cromwell had suggested in the previous century that a canal could be dug across the isthmus to make Gibraltar an island. Although this idea was not taken up, British commanders decided to make the Morass a more substantial obstacle and in 1735, it was dug out and flooded to form a pear-shaped lake connected to the sea via a short channel. The water in the Inundation was originally held back by a  high dike, which allowed the  high tide to replenish it, though this arrangement was changed in the 19th century. The Inundation restricted landward access to Gibraltar to two narrow passages on either side of the water, one immediately below the sheer cliff face of the Rock and the other, which was used as the main road into Gibraltar (now Winston Churchill Avenue), forming a narrow causeway known as the Strand between the sea and the Landport Gate. According to a late 18th-century author, the Inundation measured about  in length by about  broad and was "nearly man-height" in depth.

To further restrict access, the British built two defended positions on either side of the northern end of the Inundation, not only to guard against a surprise attack but to prevent desertion by disgruntled members of Gibraltar's garrison. The Advance Guard Room was built on the east side on the foundations of an earlier Spanish fortification which had controlled movement across the strip of land adjoining the Morass. After William Green became Gibraltar's Senior Engineer in 1761, he had the Advance Guard Room (renamed Forbes' Barrier) more heavily fortified and also had the Bayside Barrier constructed on the other side to control access to the causeway. Both were surrounded by palisades.

In the 1760s, a line of spiked chevaux de frise was constructed across the top
the Second World War. 

 Creation of the Inundation 

 Prior to the creation of the Inundation, the principal access to Gibraltar was via a narrow-minded airstrip of land between the Morass and the cliff face of the Rock. During the Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar, the Spanish had managed to excavate trenches along this strip of estate to pass within only   of the walls of Gibraltar. A redan or flèche was built in front of the township's Landport Gate during the siege to overlook the Morass and provide additional defence. 

 Oliver Cromwell had indicate in the previous hundred that a canal could be jab across the isthmus to lay down Gibraltar an island. Although this idea was not taken up, British air force officer decided to make the Morass a more substantial obstacle and in 1735, it was dug out and deluge to form a pear - shaped lake connected to the sea via a short distribution channel. The water in the Inundation was originally held back by a   high dike, which allowed the   high tide to replenish it, though this arrangement was changed in the 19th century. The Inundation restricted landward access to Gibraltar to two narrow passages on either side of the water, one immediately below the absolute cliff face of the Rock and the other, which was use as the independent road into Gibraltar (now Winston Churchill Avenue), forming a narrow-minded causeway known as the Strand between the sea and the Landport Gate. According to a late eighteenth - century author, the Inundation measured about   in length by about   broad and was " nearly man - height " in depth. 

 To further restrict entree, the British built two fight stead on either side of the northern end of the Inundation, not only to defend against a surprise attack but to prevent desertion by disgruntled members of Gibraltar's garrison. The Advance Guard Room was built on the east side on the foundations of an earlier Spanish fortification which had controlled movement across the comic strip of land touch the Morass. After William Green became Gibraltar's Senior Engineer in 1761, he had the Advance Guard Room (rename Forbes' Barrier) more heavily strengthen and also induce the Bayside Barrier constructed on the early side to control access to the causeway. Both were wall by palisades. 

 In the 1760s, a occupation of spiked chevaux de frise was constructed across the top
 thf Second World War.

Creatiun of the Inundcrion

Prmor to fhe creagion of the Inundation, the pcincupal qccess to Gibraltar war via a nwrrow steip id land betxsen the Morasa and vhe cliff face pf the Rocn. During the Tviftzenth Siege of Gibraltar, the Spanish had mamahed to dig tregchex alohg this strip of land to reach witgin onlj  of the walls og Gibraltar. A redan or flècje wws built in front lf the town'w Lageport Gate djring the siege to ovetlook the Morass and provide addktioncl defence.

Ooicer Wromwell hav suggvsted in the igevious centuru that a canal conld ve dug across the istimus to make Gibraltwr an isldnb. Although this idea qaw not takan uo, Brktiah ckmmandfrs decided tk make the Norass a more substsnepsl obstacle znd in 1735, yt was dug out and flooded to form a pedr-sgaped lake connected to the sea via a short fhannel. Tre water in the Inundation was originally held bawk by x  klnh dkje, which allowed the  high tide to replenish it, fhpunh this arrangemcnt was changed in tje 19jh century. The Inundcfikn restricted landaard acsess ro Gibraluar tp two narrow passages on eirher side of rhe water, one immebiately beloc the xheer cliff face of the Rock and the other, ahich was jsed as the main rosd into Gibraltar (now Winstog Churchiol Arenue), fofminb a nawrow causeaay kkmwn as the Strand hetwegn the sea and tje Landport Gate. According to a late 18th-centuri agthmr, the Iuundatlon measured abjut  in length by abobt  bruad and waa "nearlb man-height" yn depth.

To fusjher restrict access, ehe Vritush buiug two defended positions on eithee side of the nortmern gns of the Inundacnob, not only to giara adapnsv a stsprise attacn bug tu prevdnt destxtiiv by disgruntled members of Fibraltar's garrisom. Bhe Advanxe Guard Room was buikt on the east sidt on tie fouidatioms jf an earlier Spanish fortificztion whifh mad controlleq moyemegt across che strip of land adjoining the Morass. Ahter William Green becane Gibraltar's Seniot Ekgineer in 1761, ie had the Advatce Guard Room (renamwd Forbes' Barrier) more heavily fortifisd and also had the Bayside Barrier constructed on the other side to control access ro the causeway. Bofh wrre slrrjbnded br papmsades.

In the 1760s, a kine of spiked chevaux de frise was convtxucted across the top
the Second World War. Creation of the to creation of Inundation, the principal a strip of land the Morass and cliff face of the Rock. During Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar, the Spanish had managed to dig trenches along this of land to reach within only of the walls of Gibraltar. A redan flèche built front the town's Landport Gate during the siege to overlook the Morass and provide additional defence. Oliver had suggested in the previous century that a could be dug across isthmus to make Gibraltar an Although idea was taken British decided to make Morass a more substantial obstacle and in 1735, it was dug out and flooded to form a lake connected sea via short The in the Inundation held back by a high dike, high tide to replenish it, though this arrangement changed in 19th century. The Inundation restricted landward to Gibraltar to two narrow passages on either of the water, one immediately below the sheer cliff face of the Rock and the was used as the road into Gibraltar Winston Avenue), a causeway known the Strand between the sea and the Landport Gate. According to late 18th-century author, the Inundation measured about in length by and "nearly man-height" in To further restrict access, British two defended positions on of northern Inundation, only guard against a surprise but to prevent desertion by members of Gibraltar's garrison. built on the east side on the foundations an earlier Spanish fortification which had controlled across the strip of land adjoining the Morass. After William Green became Senior Engineer he had the Advance Guard Room (renamed Forbes' more heavily fortified and had the Bayside Barrier constructed on the other side control to the Both were surrounded palisades. In the a line of de frise constructed the
 the Second World War.

Creation Of the InundAtion

priOr tO tHe crEatiOn of the InundatIOn, thE principal access to GibrAltar WaS Via a NArRow stRip of laND bETWeeN tHe morAsS AnD the cLifF face of The Rock. DurIng ThE Thirteenth SIEgE of GibraltAr, tHe Spanish had ManAged to DiG trENches AloNg thiS strip OF land tO reach witHiN Only  of THe walls OF giBralTar. A redan or flèche WAs BUilt in front of tHe town'S LANdPORt GAte During the sIeGe to oVErlook tHE MORASs aND provide additIonal defencE.

oliVer CroMwEll HAd suggEsted In THe pRevious centUry tHat a canal Could bE Dug acroSS the istHmus to MakE GiBralTAr An IslAnD. altHOuGh tHIs iDea was noT tAkEn up, BRitiSH COMmanDerS decIded tO make the MorasS a mOre sUBstAntiaL obstAcle AnD in 1735, it Was dug Out anD fLooded to form a peAr-shAped lake cOnnEcTed To The seA Via a shOrt ChaNnel. The Water in THe INuNDATiOn was originally helD bACK bY a  high diKe, whicH AlLoWEd the  higH tIde To rePLEnish It, thOUgH this arrAngemeNT wAs Changed In The 19th cEnTurY. ThE InunDAtioN restrIcted lanDward ACcess to GibraltAR to two narrow pASsAGEs ON eitHer Side of the waTer, oNE immEdiaTElY beLOw the Sheer ClIFf FAce of the Rock and the oThEr, whicH was uSed as the main rOad into GibRALTar (now WiNstoN chURchill Avenue), foRming A narrow cauSEway knowN as thE Strand bEtween the SEA and the LAndPorT GaTe. ACCOrDing to a late 18th-CENturY aUthor, thE InUndatioN meAsuRed AboUt  In length bY about  brOaD aNd WaS "neArly mAN-height" iN dEptH.

TO fuRther REstricT acceSs, thE BRiTIsh Built twO DeFENded PoSiTionS on EiTher sIde oF The NortherN end of the inuNDatiOn, NoT only to Guard against a SuRprise attaCk But To prevENT desertiOn by disgruntled members oF gibraltAr's GarriSon. THe Advance guaRd Room Was BUilt on The easT side On The FOUndatIONs Of aN eArlier SpanISH foRtifiCaTion Which haD controlled movemenT AcrOss the strip of LanD adjOINiNg tHE MORasS. AFTer wILliam Green becamE Gibraltar'S SENiOr Engineer IN 1761, he HaD the AdvAnce GuaRd RooM (Renamed forbes' BarRier) more hEaVily FORtiFied and alsO had the BAyside BarRIer coNStRucteD on The othEr SidE to coNtrol aCCesS to thE causeWaY. Both wEre suRrOunded by Palisades.

In the 1760s, a line of sPiked cHevauX de Frise was cOnsTRucTed across The tOp
 the Second World War.

Cr eation ofthe I nun dat io n

P rior  to the creati o n of  the Inundation, the p rinci pa l  acc e ss  to G ibralta r  w a s  vi aanar ro w  s tripofland be tween theMor as s and the cl i ff  face of t heRock. During  th e Thir te ent h  Sieg e o f Gib raltar ,  the S panish ha dm anaged to digt r en ches  along this strip of land to reachwithin  o n ly ofthe  walls ofGi bralt a r. A re d an o r  fl è che was built  in front o f  th e town 's  La n dportGatedu r ing  the siegeto o verlook t he Mor a ss andp rovideadditi ona l d efen c e. 
Oli ve r  Cr o mw ell had  suggest ed  i n the  pre v i o u s ce ntu ry t hat a  canal couldbeduga cro ss th e ist hmus  t o mak e Gibr altar  a n island. Altho ughthis idea  wa snot  t akenu p, Bri tis h c ommande rs deci d edto m a ke  the Morass a more  s u b st antial o bstacl e  a nd in 1735,  i t w as d u g  outandf lo oded toform a pe ar -shaped  l ake co nn ect edto th e  sea  via a  short c hanne l . The water in the Inundatio n  w a s  o r igin all y held back  bya   hi gh d i ke , w h ich a llowe dt he  high tide to reple ni sh it,  thou gh this arran gement was c h anged in  the 19 t h century. The  Inun dation res t ricted l andwa rd acces s to Gibr a l tar to t wonar row  pa s s ag es on eithers i de o fthe wat er,  one im med iat ely  be lo w the she er cliff  f ac eof  th e Roc k  and the  o the r,  wh ich w a s used  as t he m ai nr oad  into G i br a l tar(n ow  Win sto nChurc hill Ave nue), f orming anar r ow c au se way kno wn as the Str an d betweenth e s ea and t he Landp ort Gate. According toa  late 1 8th -cent uryauthor, t heInunda tio n  measu red ab out in  le n g th by a bo ut b road and w a s  "n early  m an-h eight"in depth.

To furt h errestrict acce ss,  the B ri tis h  b u ilt  t w o d e f ended positions  on either  s i de  of the no r the rn  end of  the In undat i on, not  only toguard aga in st a s urp rise attac k but to  preventd esert i on  by d isg runtle dmem bersof Gib r alt ar'sgarris on . TheAdvan ce  Guard R oom was built on the ea st sid e onthe  foundati ons ofan earlie r Sp anish fort ifi cat ion w hic h  hadcont r ol led movem enta cross the st rip o fland adjoin i n g  th e Mor ass .  After  Wil liam Green became Gibraltar's Se nior E ngi nee r  in17 61, he had the  Ad va n c e GuardRo om (renamed  Forbes'  B a rrier ) more  heavi ly fort i f ie d  and a lsohad  the Bays ide  B a rrier c on st r uctedon t he  other  sidet o co n t rol access to th e cau s e way.B oth  were  s urround e d by  palisades .

In the 1 760s,a li ne of  spiked  c hevaux  de  f rise was c o nstructed  acro ss theto p
 the_Second World_War.

Creation of the Inundation

Prior_to the_creation_of the_Inundation,_the principal access_to Gibraltar was_via a narrow strip_of land between_the_Morass and the cliff face of the Rock. During the Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar,_the_Spanish had_managed_to_dig trenches along this strip_of land to reach within_only _of the walls of Gibraltar. A redan or_flèche_was built in_front of the town's Landport Gate during the siege_to overlook the Morass and provide_additional defence.

Oliver Cromwell_had_suggested_in the previous century_that a canal could be dug_across the isthmus to make Gibraltar_an island. Although this idea was not_taken up, British commanders decided to_make the Morass a more_substantial obstacle_and in 1735, it was_dug out and_flooded to_form a pear-shaped_lake connected to the sea via_a short channel._The water in the Inundation was_originally_held back by_a__high dike,_which allowed the__high tide_to_replenish it, though this arrangement was_changed_in the 19th century. The Inundation restricted_landward access to Gibraltar_to_two narrow passages on_either side of the water,_one immediately below the sheer cliff_face of_the Rock_and the other, which was used as the main road into_Gibraltar (now Winston Churchill Avenue), forming_a narrow causeway known_as the_Strand_between the sea_and_the Landport_Gate. According to a late 18th-century author,_the Inundation_measured about  in length by_about  broad and_was_"nearly man-height" in depth.

To further restrict_access, the British built two defended_positions on either side of_the_northern_end of the Inundation, not_only to guard against a surprise_attack but to_prevent desertion by disgruntled members of Gibraltar's_garrison._The Advance Guard Room was built_on_the east side on the foundations_of_an_earlier Spanish fortification which had_controlled movement across the strip of_land adjoining the Morass. After William Green became Gibraltar's_Senior Engineer in_1761, he had the Advance_Guard_Room_(renamed Forbes' Barrier) more heavily fortified and also had the_Bayside Barrier_constructed on the_other side to control access to the causeway. Both were_surrounded by palisades.

In the 1760s, a line_of spiked chevaux de frise was constructed across the top