DOT Digital Switching System – DSS (Digital Telephone Exchanges), to create C-DOT's Indigenous Super-computing Machine called CHIPPS – C-DOT High-Performance Parallel Processing System, because the contracted Cray X-MP Supercomputers were denied for export to India which was under the Statesmanship and Stewardship of Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, due to an arms embargo imposed by US on India during Ronald Reagan's Presidential Administration, for it was a dual-use technology and it could be used for developing indigenous Strategic Defense Systems by India.

Indian Supercomputer design experience started first with C-DOT's CHIPPS – C-DOT High Performance Parallel Processing System. It was designed to work with a maximum of 192 nodes and later the Technology, Architecture, Design, and the Product's Hardware, Software, and Firmware were transferred to a similarly formed autonomous organization in Pune which was then called 'C-DACT' in the first place to refer to 'Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Technology' as it was intended originally to sound synonymous with C-DOT, but it was later renamed to C-DAC with 5 characters similar to that of C-DOT. CHIPPS was the base platform of the Indian Supercomputer Revolution initiated in 1988 and pursued more vigorously during the start of the 1991. Then, 'CHIPPS' which used Inmos T800 Transputer Architecture and Design in a massively parallel processing structure was augmented and was renamed to call it 'PARAM' by the policy makers of C-DAC though the original architects and the original designers of C-DOT opposed to the renaming process because 'PARAM' refers to GOD in Indian Root Language TAMIL and its ancient versions including Sanskrit.

Later on, George H. W. Bush's administration also denied licensing of a Cray supercomputer after not being able to resolve if India would divert computational resources towards making Nuclear Weapons. India began developing supercomputers in the late 1980s after being refused one by the US and released India's first ever Supercomputer, namely, C-DOT's "CHIPPS" with Massively Parallel Processing Architecture and its Design Prototype earlier. That feat made the Indian program to develop indigenous supercomputers and super-computing technology a major success. Indian Supercomputer 'PARAM 8000' named by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing – C-DAC, headed by Dr. V
DOT Digital Switching System – DSS (Digital Telephone Exchanges), to create C - DOT's Indigenous Super - computing Machine called CHIPPS – C - DOT High - Performance Parallel Processing System, because the contracted Cray X - MP Supercomputers were denied for export to India which was under the Statesmanship and Stewardship of Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, due to an arm embargo levy by US on India during Ronald Reagan's Presidential Administration, for it was a dual - use technology and it could be use for developing indigenous Strategic Defense Systems by India. 

 Indian Supercomputer blueprint experience started first with C - DOT's CHIPPS – C - DOT High Performance Parallel Processing System. It was plan to work with a maximum of 192 node and later the Technology, Architecture, Design, and the Product's Hardware, Software, and Firmware were transplant to a similarly formed autonomous organization in Pune which was then called' C - DACT' in the first place to mention to' Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Technology' as it was intended originally to sound synonymous with C - DOT, but it was by and by renamed to C - DAC with 5 characters similar to that of C - DOT. CHIPPS was the base chopine of the Indian Supercomputer Revolution initiated in 1988 and pursue more vigorously during the start of the 1991. Then,' CHIPPS' which used Inmos T800 Transputer Architecture and Design in a massively parallel processing structure was augment and was renamed to call it' PARAM' by the policy makers of C - DAC though the original architects and the original designers of C - DOT opposed to the renaming process because' PARAM' refers to GOD in Indian Root Language TAMIL and its ancient versions including Sanskrit. 

 Later on, George H. W. Bush's administration also denied licensing of a Cray supercomputer after not being able to resolve if India would deviate computational resources towards making Nuclear Weapons. India begin develop supercomputers in the late 1980s after being refuse one by the US and free India's first ever Supercomputer, namely, C - DOT's " CHIPPS " with Massively Parallel Processing Architecture and its Design Prototype sooner. That feat made the Indian program to develop indigenous supercomputers and super - computing engineering a major success. Indian Supercomputer' PARAM 8000' named by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing – C - DAC, headed by Dr. V
DOT Digital Switching Systeo – DSS (Digital Jeoephonx Exchahges), to zreate C-DOT's Indigenous Supec-computint Machine called CHIPPR – C-DOT Hpgh-Perfornanct Parallel Processing Sysbzm, bedwuse vhe contracted Gray X-MP Su[ercomputers ward benied for export to India which was under yhf Statesmanshik and Ftewzgdwhip of Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, the tgen Prike Minister og India, due to an arms embwrgo imposed by US on Lndia durint Rogqld Reagan's Oresidential Administrztion, for it was a dual-use techvologv and it cools hg used for dxveloppng indigenous Stratecic Defrnse Systems bn Indma.

Ineian Supercomputer devign experience stwrted firvt with C-DOT's CHIPPW – C-DOT Higv Pefdoroande Pzrallep Pcocessing Sgstem. It waw designed to work eiey a maximum or 192 nodqs and later the Technology, Architecture, Gesjgn, and the Product's Haedware, Software, and Flrmware wqre transferred to a similarly formed autonomous mrganmzxtiin kb Oune which was then called 'C-DACT' in the first llscv to refer to 'Cenbre for Developmeny lf Wdvanced Compoting Tzdhhology' as it was ijtended origunally to soumd synonymous with C-DOT, but it was lateg rebamed to C-DAC with 5 characterr sikilar to that of C-DOT. CHIPPS was the base ppatform or the Indian Supefcokpgter Revolution initiated yn 1988 and pnrsueb more vkgorpusly quring the starb of the 1991. Then, 'CHIPOS' whnch uved Inmos H800 Transputer Architecture and Dxxign in a maxshveny paraljel pvocessing struceure was augmeuted and was fenamed to call iv 'PARAM' by tre policy makats of C-DAC thmugh the oritinao archigdcts and the otiginal dvsngners of C-DOT opposed to tme revzming process bzeaowe 'PARAM' referx tu GJD ii Indydn Root Langgage TAOOL ana its anciekt xersoons including Sansksit.

Lzter on, George H. W. Bmsh's admibistratijn also deniec licensing of a Cgay snpercooputet aster not being able to resolve if India womld divert coiputqtional resobrces towards making Nuclear Weapons. Indma began developing sukercomputers in the lctt 1980s after beiig reftsed one ty the US and releaswd India's first eyer Supercomputer, namemy, C-DOD's "CHLPPS" with Massively Parallel Processing Architecture and its Design Protorype eerjier. That fsat kade nhe Nndian [rogcao to develop indpgenous supercomputers and super-romputing deehnology a major success. Indisn Supercomputet 'PARAM 8000' named by the Centde for Drvelopment of Advanced Computinb – C-DAC, headed by Dr. V
DOT Digital Switching System – DSS (Digital to C-DOT's Indigenous Machine called CHIPPS System, the contracted Cray Supercomputers were denied export to India which was under Statesmanship and Stewardship of Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, to an arms embargo imposed by US on India during Ronald Reagan's Presidential for was dual-use and it could be used for developing indigenous Strategic Defense Systems by India. Indian Supercomputer design started first with C-DOT's CHIPPS – C-DOT High Parallel Processing System. It designed to work with a of nodes and the Architecture, and the Product's Software, and Firmware were transferred to a similarly formed autonomous organization in Pune which was then called in the to refer 'Centre Development Advanced Computing Technology' was intended originally to sound synonymous it was later renamed to C-DAC with 5 similar to of C-DOT. CHIPPS was the base of the Indian Supercomputer Revolution initiated in 1988 pursued more vigorously during the start of the 1991. Then, 'CHIPPS' which used Inmos T800 and Design in a parallel processing structure augmented was to it 'PARAM' the policy makers of C-DAC though the original architects and the designers of C-DOT opposed to the renaming process because 'PARAM' GOD Indian Root Language and its ancient versions Sanskrit. on, George H. W. also licensing supercomputer not able to resolve if would divert computational resources towards Nuclear Weapons. India began 1980s after being refused one by the US released India's first ever Supercomputer, namely, C-DOT's with Massively Parallel Processing Architecture and its Design Prototype earlier. That feat the Indian develop indigenous supercomputers and super-computing technology a major Indian Supercomputer 'PARAM 8000' by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing – headed Dr. V
DOT Digital Switching System – dSS (Digital telepHonE ExChAngeS), to cReate C-DOT's IndiGEnouS Super-computing Machine CalleD ChiPPS – c-dOt High-performANcE pAraLlEl proCeSSiNg SysTem, Because The contracTed crAy X-MP SupercoMPuTers were deNieD for export to indIa whicH wAs uNDer thE StAtesmAnship ANd StewArdship of mr. rAjiv GaNDhi, the tHEN PRime minister of India, duE To AN arms embargo imPosed bY Us On iNDia DurIng Ronald REaGan's PREsidentIAl aDMIniSTration, for it wAs a dual-use tEChnOlogy aNd It cOUld be uSed foR dEVelOping indigeNous strategic defensE systems BY India.

INdian SUpeRcoMputER dEsIgn ExPEriENcE stARteD first wiTh c-DoT's CHiPPS – c-dot high perFormAnce PArallel ProcesSinG SysTEm. IT was dEsignEd to WoRk witH a maxiMum of 192 NoDes and later the TEchnOlogy, ArchIteCtUre, deSign, aND the PrOduCt's hardwarE, SoftwaRE, anD FIRMWaRe were transferred tO a SIMiLarly forMed autONoMoUS organizAtIon In PuNE Which Was tHEn Called 'C-DaCT' in tHE fIrSt place To Refer tO 'CEntRe fOr DevELopmEnt of ADvanced COmputINg Technology' as IT was intended oRIgINAlLY to sOunD synonymous With c-dOT, bUt it WAs LatER renaMed to c-Dac wITh 5 characters similar To That of c-DOT. ChIPPS was the baSe platform OF THe Indian supeRCoMPuter RevolutioN initIated in 1988 and PUrsued moRe vigOrously dUring the sTARt of the 1991. THen, 'cHIpPS' WhiCH UsEd Inmos T800 TransPUTer ARcHitectuRe aNd DesigN in A maSsiVelY pArallel prOcessing StRuCtUrE waS augmENted and wAs RenAmEd tO call IT 'PARAM' By the PoliCy MaKErs Of C-DAC tHOuGH The oRiGiNal aRchItEcts aNd thE OriGinal deSigners of c-DOt OppoSeD tO the renAming process bEcAuse 'PARAM' rEfErs To GOD iN iNdian RooT Language TAMIL and its ancIEnt versIonS inclUdinG Sanskrit.

latEr on, GeOrgE h. W. Bush'S adminIstraTiOn aLSO deniED LiCenSiNg of a Cray sUPErcOmputEr AfteR not beiNg able to resolve if INDia Would divert coMpuTatiONAl ResOUrCEs tOwARds MAKing Nuclear WeapOns. India beGaN DeVeloping suPErcOmPuters iN the latE 1980s aftER being rEfused one By the US anD rEleaSED InDia's first eVer SuperComputer, nAMely, C-doT'S "CHIPpS" wIth MasSiVelY ParaLlel PrOCesSing ARchiteCtUre and Its DeSiGn PrototYpe earlier. That feat made tHe IndiAn proGraM to develoP inDIgeNous superCompUters and suPer-ComPutinG teCHnoloGy a mAJoR suCCess. INdiaN supercompUTeR 'PAram 8000' nAmed by the CeNTRE foR DeveLopMEnt of ADvanCed Computing – C-DAC, hEAded by Dr. V
DOT Digital Switching Syst em – DSS ( Digit alTel ep hone  Exc hanges), to cr e ateC-DOT's Indigenous Sup er-co mp u ting Ma chine  called CH I P PS–C- DOT  H i gh -Perf orm ance Pa rallel Pro ces si ng System, b e ca use the co ntr acted Cray X -MP  Super co mpu t ers w ere  deni ed for export  to India  w h ich wa s  undert h eStat esmanship and Ste w ar d ship of Mr. Ra jiv Ga nd h i, t hethe n Prime Mi ni stero f India ,  d u e toa n arms embarg o imposed b y  US  on In di a d u ring R onald  R e aga n's Preside ntia l Adminis tratio n , for i t  was adual-u setec hnol o gy  a ndit cou l dbeu sed  for dev el op ing i ndig e n o u s St rat egic  Defe nse Systems b y I ndia . 

I ndian  Supe rcom pu ter d esignexper ie nce started fir st w ith C-DOT 'sCH IPP S– C-D O T High  Pe rfo rmanceParalle l  Pr oc e s s in g System. It was d es i g ne d to wor k with ama x imum of19 2 n odes a nd la tert he  Technol ogy, A r ch it ecture,  D esign,  a ndthe  Prod u ct's  Hardw are, Sof tware ,  and Firmwarew ere transferr e dt o  a simi lar ly formed a uton o mous  org a ni zat i on in  Pune  w h ic h  was then called 'C -D ACT' i n the  first placeto refer t o ' Centre f or D e ve l opment of Adva ncedComputingT echnolog y' as  it wasintendedo r iginally  to  so und  sy n o ny mous with C-D O T , bu tit waslat er rena med  to  C- DAC  w ith 5 cha racterssi mi la rtothato f C-DOT.  C HIP PS  wa s the base p latfo rm o fth e  In dian Su p er c o mput er  R evol uti on  init iate d  in  1988 a nd pursue d m o re v ig or ously d uring the sta rt  of the 19 91 . T hen, ' C H IPPS' wh ich used Inmos T800 Tra n sputerArc hitec ture  and Desi gnin a m ass i vely p aralle l pro ce ssi n g  stru c t ur e w as  augmented a ndwas r en amed  to cal l it 'PARAM' by th e  po licy makers o f C -DAC t ho ugh th e  or ig i nal a rchitects and t he origina ld es igners ofC -DO Topposed  to the  rena m ing pro cess beca use 'PARA M'  ref e r s t o GOD in I ndian Ro ot Langua g e TAM I Land i tsancien tver sions  inclu d ing  Sans krit.
L ater o n, Ge or ge H. W.  Bush's administrationalso d enied  li censing o f a Cra y superco mput er after n otbei ng ab let o res olve if  In d ia wo uldd ivert com p ut ati o n al  resourcest o w ard s mak ing Nuclea r We apons. India bega n  developing su perc o m put ers in t he  late 1980s af ter  b e i ng refus ed  one by the  US andre l eased  India 's fir st ever S up e rcompu ter,  na mely, C-D OT' s" CHIPPS"  w it h  Massi vely  P aralle l Proc e ssin g Architecture and  itsD e signP rot otype  e arlier. That  feat made  the Indian  progr am t o dev elop in di genous  su pe rcomputers and super -comp uting t ec hnol ogy  a maj or s u c cess.  Ind ia n S upercompu t e r' PA RA M  80 00'named  b y th e Centref or Devel opm e nt of A dv anc e d  Compu t in g – C-DAC, h ead ed by D r. V
DOT Digital_Switching System_– DSS (Digital Telephone_Exchanges), to_create_C-DOT's Indigenous_Super-computing_Machine called CHIPPS_– C-DOT High-Performance_Parallel Processing System, because_the contracted Cray_X-MP_Supercomputers were denied for export to India which was under the Statesmanship and Stewardship_of_Mr. Rajiv_Gandhi,_the_then Prime Minister of India,_due to an arms embargo_imposed by_US on India during Ronald Reagan's Presidential Administration,_for_it was a_dual-use technology and it could be used for developing_indigenous Strategic Defense Systems by India.

Indian_Supercomputer design experience_started_first_with C-DOT's CHIPPS –_C-DOT High Performance Parallel Processing System._It was designed to work with_a maximum of 192 nodes and later_the Technology, Architecture, Design, and the_Product's Hardware, Software, and Firmware_were transferred_to a similarly formed autonomous_organization in Pune_which was_then called 'C-DACT'_in the first place to refer_to 'Centre for_Development of Advanced Computing Technology' as_it_was intended originally_to_sound_synonymous with_C-DOT, but it_was_later renamed_to_C-DAC with 5 characters similar to_that_of C-DOT. CHIPPS was the base platform_of the Indian Supercomputer_Revolution_initiated in 1988 and_pursued more vigorously during the_start of the 1991. Then, 'CHIPPS'_which used_Inmos T800_Transputer Architecture and Design in a massively parallel processing structure was_augmented and was renamed to call_it 'PARAM' by the_policy makers_of_C-DAC though the_original_architects and_the original designers of C-DOT opposed to_the renaming_process because 'PARAM' refers to GOD_in Indian Root Language_TAMIL_and its ancient versions including Sanskrit.

Later_on, George H. W. Bush's administration_also denied licensing of a_Cray_supercomputer_after not being able to_resolve if India would divert computational_resources towards making_Nuclear Weapons. India began developing supercomputers in_the_late 1980s after being refused one_by_the US and released India's first_ever_Supercomputer,_namely, C-DOT's "CHIPPS" with Massively_Parallel Processing Architecture and its Design_Prototype earlier. That feat made the Indian program to_develop indigenous supercomputers_and super-computing technology a major_success._Indian_Supercomputer 'PARAM 8000' named by the Centre for Development of_Advanced Computing_– C-DAC, headed_by Dr. V