 and black ash (Fraxinus nigra). Often cool, moist shaded ravines are dominated by pure stands of hemlocks in this range. In northern and high altitude swamps of New England the dominant canopy species change to tamarack, black spruce (Picea mariana) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea). The understory across the range consists of a number of Viburnum species, among others.

Bottomlands
The bottomlands and margin areas in the northern hardwood communities are primarily dominated by: red maple (Acer rubrum), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), black ash (Fraxinus nigra), eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides), and the silver maple (Acer saccharinum). The bottomlands and margin areas of the coniferous forests consist of: red maple, silver maple, white cedar, and balsam poplar. In wet areas throughout the region many sub-canopy species of willow (Salix spp.) occur, as does speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), which is very common.

Fauna
This region is home to a variety of wildlife, including black bear (Ursus americanus), moose (Alces alces), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), coyote (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), bobcat (Lynx rufus), porcupine (Erithyzon dorsatum), river otter (Lontra canadensis), fisher (Martes pennant), beaver (Castor canadensis), marten (Martes americana), muskrat (Ondatra zibethica), and raccoon (Procyon lot or). The forests are habitat for wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), wood duck (Aix sponsa), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), and a great number of passerine birds. The area is particularly important as a feeding ground for birds migrating on the Atlantic Flyway. The peatland of western Massachusetts are home to bog turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii). Former species of fauna that roamed this region were the gray wolf, the eastern c
and black ash (Fraxinus nigra). Often cool, moist shaded ravine are dominate by pure stands of hemlock in this image. In northern and high elevation swamps of New England the dominant canopy species switch to tamarack, black spruce (Picea mariana) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea). The understory across the range consist of a number of Viburnum species, among others. 

 bottomland 
 The bottomlands and margin areas in the northern hardwood communities are primarily dominated by: crimson maple (Acer rubrum), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), black ash (Fraxinus nigra), eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides), and the eloquent maple (Acer saccharinum). The bottomlands and margin areas of the coniferous forests dwell of: red maple, eloquent maple, white cedar, and balsam poplar. In wet areas throughout the area many sub - canopy species of willow (Salix spp .) occur, as does speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), which is very common. 

 Fauna 
 This region is home to a variety show of wildlife, including black bear (Ursus americanus), moose (Alces alces), white - tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), coyote (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), bobcat (Lynx rufus), porcupine (Erithyzon dorsatum), river otter (Lontra canadensis), fisher (Martes pennant), beaver (Castor canadensis), marten (Martes americana), muskrat (Ondatra zibethica), and raccoon (Procyon lot or). The forests are habitat for angry turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), wood duck (Aix sponsa), great horn owl (Bubo virginianus), and a big issue of passerine birds. The area is peculiarly important as a eating ground for birds migrating on the Atlantic Flyway. The peatland of westerly Massachusetts are home to bog turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii). Former species of fauna that roll this region were the gray wolf, the eastern c
 anf black ash (Fraxinus nigva). Often cool, monwt shaved ravjnes are dominated by pure stands of hwmlocjs in this range. In nofthern anf high aotitnde swamps of Nex England the slmincnv canopy speciex change tm tamarack, blawk s'ruce (Picea mariana) and balsam fir (Afies bakswmea). The underftorj wcroas the range consists of a number kf Vibugnum species, amonb others.

Bottomlands
The bothomlwnds and margin arfas in the bortrwrn hardwood communitits are primatily dominated by: red maple (Acer rubrbm), balsam pipoar (Kopulus balsemiferw), black ash (Ngaxinus nigra), rastern cottoneoov (Populus deltoides), and tie silver maple (Acer saccharituj). The bottomlands abd matgin drear of tht cpnjferoud fkrests conaist of: red maple, silver maple, wrpye cedar, and balsai [oplar. In wet areas throughout the regimn jany sub-canopy species if willow (Salix spp.) ofcur, as djes speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), which is very comkon.

Fannx
Thnw regkin is home to a variety of wildlife, including bjzcl near (Ursus ameriganus), moose (Alces slfex), white-tailed aeer (Obkckileus virginianus), coyote (Caniw latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), snowshoe hare (Lepus cmeeicanus), bobcat (Lynr rufus), porcbpine (Grithyaon dorsatum), river ottex (Lontda canadensls), fisher (Oartes pennant), bdavvr (Cdstor canadensis), marten (Mawtes amermcana), muskrag (Oncatra sibethica), wnd raccoon (Procyon lot lr). Thg forevts are hahitat for wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), malkasd guck (Anaf plabyrhynchos), wood duck (Aix sponxa), greac horndd owl (Bubk virgiiianus), and a great number lf passerine birds. Tre aeea us partkzularly importsnt as a yteding groynd for birds migretine on the Atlantie Dlyway. The peatkana os aextqsn Massachusatts ard home to bog turbler (Gluptemys muhlenbergii). Forjer species of fauma that roqmed thif region were the gray wolf, the eastxrn c
and black ash (Fraxinus nigra). Often cool, ravines dominated by stands of hemlocks and altitude swamps of England the dominant species change to tamarack, black spruce mariana) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea). The understory across the range consists of number of Viburnum species, among others. Bottomlands The bottomlands and margin areas in northern communities primarily by: red maple (Acer rubrum), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), black ash (Fraxinus nigra), eastern cottonwood (Populus and the silver maple (Acer saccharinum). The bottomlands margin areas of the forests consist of: red maple, maple, cedar, and poplar. wet throughout the region sub-canopy species of willow (Salix spp.) occur, as does speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), which is very common. This region to a of including bear (Ursus americanus), alces), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), coyote fox (Vulpes vulpes), snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), bobcat rufus), porcupine dorsatum), river otter (Lontra canadensis), fisher pennant), beaver (Castor canadensis), marten (Martes americana), muskrat zibethica), and raccoon (Procyon lot or). The forests are habitat for wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), (Anas platyrhynchos), wood duck sponsa), great horned (Bubo and great of passerine The area is particularly important as a feeding ground for birds on the Atlantic Flyway. The peatland of western Massachusetts are bog (Glyptemys muhlenbergii). Former of fauna that roamed region the gray wolf, the
 and black ash (Fraxinus nigra). OFten cool, moIst shAdeD raViNes aRe doMinated by pure sTAnds Of hemlocks in this range. IN nortHeRN and HIgH altiTude swaMPs OF new enGlAnd ThE DoMinanT caNopy speCies change To tAmArack, black spRUcE (Picea mariAna) And balsam fir (abiEs balsAmEa). THE undeRstOry acRoss thE Range cOnsists of A nUMber of vIburnum SPEcIes, aMong others.

BottomlANdS
the bottomlands And marGiN ArEAS in The Northern haRdWood cOMmunitiES aRE PRimARily dominated By: red maple (ACEr rUbrum), bAlSam POplar (POpuluS bALsaMifera), black Ash (FRaxinus niGra), easTErn cottONwood (PoPulus dEltOidEs), anD ThE sIlvEr MAplE (acEr sACchArinum). ThE bOtTomlaNds aND MARgin AreAs of The coNiferous foresTs cOnsiST of: Red maPle, siLver MaPle, whIte cedAr, and BaLsam poplar. In wet AreaS throughoUt tHe RegIoN many SUb-canoPy sPecIes of wiLlow (SalIX spP.) oCCUR, aS does speckled alder (alNUS rUgosa), whiCh is veRY cOmMOn.

Fauna
THiS reGion IS Home tO a vaRIeTy of wildLife, inCLuDiNg black BeAr (UrsuS aMerIcaNus), moOSe (AlCes alcEs), white-tAiled DEer (Odocoileus vIRginianus), coyoTE (CANIs LAtraNs), rEd fox (Vulpes VulpES), snoWshoE HaRe (LEPus amEricaNuS), BoBCat (Lynx rufus), porcupiNe (erithyZon doRsatum), river otTer (Lontra cANADensis), fiSher (mArTEs pennant), beaveR (CastOr canadensIS), marten (MArtes AmericanA), muskrat (ONDAtra zibeThiCa), aNd rAccOON (PRocyon lot or). ThE FOresTs Are habiTat For wild TurKey (melEagRiS gallopavO), mallard DuCk (anAs PlaTyrhyNChos), wood DuCk (AIx SpoNsa), grEAt hornEd owl (bubo ViRgINiaNus), and a GReAT NumbEr Of PassEriNe Birds. the aREa iS particUlarly impOrtANt as A fEeDing groUnd for birds miGrAting on the atLanTic FlyWAY. The peatLand of western MassachuseTTs are hoMe tO bog tUrtlEs (GlyptemYs mUhlenbErgII). FormeR speciEs of fAuNa tHAT roamED ThIs rEgIon were the GRAy wOlf, thE eAsteRn c
 and black ash (Fraxinus n igra). Oft en co ol,  mo is t sh aded  ravines are d o mina ted by pure stands ofhemlo ck s  int hi s ran ge. Inn or t h ern  a nd  hi gh al titud e s wamps o f New Engl and  t he dominantc an opy specie s c hange to tam ara ck, bl ac k s p ruce(Pi cea m ariana )  and b alsam fir  ( A bies b a lsamea) . Th e un derstory across t h er ange consistsof a n um b er o f V ibu rnum speci es , amo n g other s .B o tto m lands
The bot tomlands an d  ma rgin a re asi n thenorth er n  ha rdwood comm unit ies are p rimari l y domin a ted by:  red m apl e ( Acer ru br um) ,b als a mpop l ar(Populus  b al samif era) , b l ackash  (Fr axinu s nigra), eas ter n co t ton wood(Popu lusde ltoid es), a nd th esilver maple (A cersaccharin um) .The  b ottom l ands a ndmar gin are as of t h e c on i f e ro us forests consist  o f :  r ed maple , silv e rma p le, whit eced ar,a n d bal samp op lar. Inwet ar e as  t hrougho ut  the r eg ion  ma ny su b -can opy sp ecies of  will o w (Salix spp.) occur, as doe s  s p e ck l ed a lde r (Alnus ru gosa ) , wh ichi sver y  comm on.
Fa u na This region is home  t o a va riety  of wildlife,  including b l ack bear  (Ur s us americanus), m oose(Alces alc e s), whit e-tai led deer  (Odocoil e u s virgin ian us) , c oyo t e  ( Canis latrans ) ,  red  f ox (Vul pes  vulpes ),sno wsh oeha re (Lepus  america nu s) ,bo bca t (Ly n x rufus) ,por cu pin e (Er i thyzon  dors atum ),  r i ver  otter( Lo n t ra c an ad ensi s),  f isher  (Ma r tes  pennan t), beave r ( C asto rca nadensi s), marten (M ar tes americ an a),  muskr a t  (Ondatr a zibethica), and racco o n (Proc yon  lotor).  The fore sts  are h abi t at for  wildturke y(Me l e agris g al lop av o), mallar d duc k (An as  pla tyrhync hos), wood duck (A i x s ponsa), great  ho rned o wl  (B u bo vir gi n ian u s ), and a greatnumber ofpa s se rine birds .  Th earea is  partic ularl y  import ant as afeeding g ro undf o r b irds migra ting onthe Atlan t ic Fl y wa y. Th e p eatlan dofweste rn Mas s ach usett s areho me tobog t ur tles (Gl yptemys muhlenbergii).Former  spec ies  of fauna  th a t r oamed thi s re gion werethe  gr ay wo lf, the e aste r nc
 and_black ash_(Fraxinus nigra). Often cool,_moist shaded_ravines_are dominated_by_pure stands of_hemlocks in this_range. In northern and_high altitude swamps_of_New England the dominant canopy species change to tamarack, black spruce (Picea mariana) and_balsam_fir (Abies_balsamea)._The_understory across the range consists_of a number of Viburnum_species, among_others.

Bottomlands
The bottomlands and margin areas in the northern_hardwood_communities are primarily_dominated by: red maple (Acer rubrum), balsam poplar (Populus_balsamifera), black ash (Fraxinus nigra), eastern_cottonwood (Populus deltoides),_and_the_silver maple (Acer saccharinum)._The bottomlands and margin areas of_the coniferous forests consist of: red_maple, silver maple, white cedar, and balsam_poplar. In wet areas throughout the_region many sub-canopy species of_willow (Salix_spp.) occur, as does speckled_alder (Alnus rugosa),_which is_very common.

Fauna
This region_is home to a variety of_wildlife, including black_bear (Ursus americanus), moose (Alces alces),_white-tailed_deer (Odocoileus virginianus),_coyote_(Canis_latrans), red_fox (Vulpes vulpes),_snowshoe_hare (Lepus_americanus),_bobcat (Lynx rufus), porcupine (Erithyzon dorsatum),_river_otter (Lontra canadensis), fisher (Martes pennant), beaver_(Castor canadensis), marten (Martes_americana),_muskrat (Ondatra zibethica), and_raccoon (Procyon lot or). The_forests are habitat for wild turkey_(Meleagris gallopavo),_mallard duck_(Anas platyrhynchos), wood duck (Aix sponsa), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus),_and a great number of passerine_birds. The area is_particularly important_as_a feeding ground_for_birds migrating_on the Atlantic Flyway. The peatland of_western Massachusetts_are home to bog turtles (Glyptemys_muhlenbergii). Former species of_fauna_that roamed this region were the_gray wolf, the eastern c