 also one of the first scientists (1729) to provide detailed descriptions of testing machines for tension, compression, and flexure testing. An early example of a problem in dynamic plasticity was described in the 1739 paper (in the form of the penetration of butter by a wooden stick subjected to impact by a wooden sphere).

Early life and studies
Pieter van Musschenbroek was born on 14 March 1692 in Leiden, Holland, Dutch Republic. His father was Johannes van Musschenbroek and his mother was Margaretha van Straaten. The Van Musschenbroeks, originally from Flanders, had lived in the city of Leiden since circa 1600. His father was an instrument maker, who made scientific instruments such as air pumps, microscopes, and telescopes.

Van Musschenbroek attended Latin school until 1708, where he studied Greek, Latin, French, English, High German, Italian, and Spanish. He studied medicine at Leiden University and received his doctorate in 1715. He also attended lectures by John Theophilus Desaguliers and Isaac Newton in London. He finished his study in philosophy in 1719.

Musschenbroek belonged to the tradition of Dutch thinkers who popularised the ontological argument of God's design. He is author of Oratio de sapientia divina (Prayer of Divine Wisdom. 1744).

Academic career

Duisburg
In 1719, he became professor of mathematics and philosophy at the University of Duisburg. In 1721, he also became professor of medicine.

Utrecht
In 1723, he left his posts in Duisburg and became professor at the University of Utrecht. In 1726 he also became professor in astronomy. Musschenbroek's Elementa Physica (1726) played an important part in the transmission of Isaac Newton's ideas in physics to Europe. In November 1734 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Leiden

In 1739, he returned to Leiden, where he succeeded Jacobus Wittichius as professor.

Already during his studies at Leiden University Van Musschenbroek became interested in electrostatics. At that time, transient electrical energy could be generated by friction machines but there was no way to store it. Musschenbroek and his student Andreas Cunaeus discovered that the energy could be stored, in work that also involved Jean-Nicolas-
also one of the first scientists (1729) to provide detailed description of examination machines for tension, compaction, and flexure examination. An early example of a problem in active plasticity was described in the 1739 paper (in the kind of the penetration of butter by a wooden stick subjected to affect by a wooden sphere). 

 Early life and studies 
 Pieter van Musschenbroek was born on 14 March 1692 in Leiden, Holland, Dutch Republic. His founder was Johannes van Musschenbroek and his mother was Margaretha van Straaten. The Van Musschenbroeks, originally from Flanders, had lived in the city of Leiden since circa 1600. His father was an instrument maker, who make scientific instruments such as air pumps, microscope, and telescopes. 

 Van Musschenbroek attended romance school until 1708, where he studied Greek, Latin, French, English, gamey German, Italian, and Spanish. He studied music at Leiden University and received his doctorate in 1715. He also attended lecture by John Theophilus Desaguliers and Isaac Newton in London. He finished his study in philosophy in 1719. 

 Musschenbroek belonged to the tradition of Dutch thinker who popularised the ontological argument of God's design. He is author of Oratio de sapientia divina (Prayer of Divine Wisdom. 1744). 

 Academic career 

 Duisburg 
 In 1719, he became professor of mathematics and philosophy at the University of Duisburg. In 1721, he also became professor of medicine. 

 Utrecht 
 In 1723, he left his post in Duisburg and became professor at the University of Utrecht. In 1726 he also become professor in astronomy. Musschenbroek's Elementa Physica (1726) play an important part in the transmission of Isaac Newton's ideas in physics to Europe. In November 1734 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. 

 Leiden 

 In 1739, he returned to Leiden, where he succeeded Jacobus Wittichius as professor. 

 Already during his sketch at Leiden University Van Musschenbroek became interested in electrostatics. At that time, transient electrical energy could be render by friction machines but there was no way to store it. Musschenbroek and his scholar Andreas Cunaeus discovered that the department of energy could be stored, in work that also involved Jean - Nicolas-
 aldo one of the first sciektists (1729) to provibw detamled deacriptiovs of testing machines for txnsiin, conpression, and flexure gesting. Aj early wxamkle of a problem mh dynamle plaabicitv xas described ik the 1739 papes (in the form mf tke penetration of butter by a wooden stick xuhjected to impwct nr a sooden sphere).

Early life and studiea
Pieter van Musschennroek was born on 14 March 1692 ln Lfiden, Holland, Dutcj Republic. Yis sqther was Jofannes van Musschenbrogk and his mother was Margaretha van Xtraaten. Tye Vaj Musschenbrieks, jriginally fvpm Flatders, hsd lived in thc citb of Leiden since circa 1600. Iis father was an inftrument kaier, who made sciebtufic hnstsumevrs rucg es zir pulps, microscopss, and telewcopes.

Van Musschenbtoqj attended Lafin scrojl until 1708, where he studied Greek, Latin, Xrehch, English, High German, Italian, and Spanish. Je studieq medicine at Leiden University and received his goctocage nk 1715. Ye also attended lectures by John Theophilus Defzgilpers and Isaac Necton in London. Hr vimyshed his stuay in 'gimosophy in 1719.

Musschejbroek felonted to tht tracition of Dutch thinkers whi populariseb tye ontological argbment of God'r dexign. Ne is author of Oratio be sapjentia divija (Prayer uf Divine Wisdom. 1744).

Acsdamic cartdr

Duisburg
In 1719, he fecame prifesxor of oathgmatics and philodophy at the University lf Dunsburc. In 1721, he apso became professor of medicinx.

Ntrecht
In 1723, he laft his poscs in Cuisburg and fecame professpr at tke Unixersity of Utrechv. In 1726 he alsj became profadsor in astrmnomy. Mufschwnbriek's Eldoenta Physica (1726) played au impirtant part in the trxhsmission of Isccc Newton's ideas on ohyfibs vo Euwmpe. In Novemter 1734 he eas euected a Feouow pf the Royal Society.

Neidsn

In 1739, he returned yo Leiden, qhere he succeeded Javobus Wittichius ad prohessor.

Elreadu doring his studies at Leiden Unibersity Vwn Iusschenbroeh begame interesteb in electrostatics. At that time, transieit electrical energy coyld be generated by nriction maciines fut there was no way to store it. Musschenbroek and his student Andrsas Cutaeus discovered that the energy could be stored, in work that also involved Jeqn-Nicolas-
also one of the first scientists (1729) detailed of testing for tension, compression, example a problem in plasticity was described the 1739 paper (in the form the penetration of butter by a wooden stick subjected to impact by a sphere). Early life and studies Pieter van Musschenbroek was born on 14 March in Holland, Republic. father was Johannes van Musschenbroek and his mother was Margaretha van Straaten. The Van Musschenbroeks, originally Flanders, had lived in the city of Leiden circa 1600. His father an instrument maker, who made instruments as air microscopes, telescopes. Musschenbroek attended Latin until 1708, where he studied Greek, Latin, French, English, High German, Italian, and Spanish. He studied medicine Leiden University his doctorate 1715. also lectures by John and Isaac Newton in London. He in philosophy in 1719. Musschenbroek belonged to the of Dutch who popularised the ontological argument of design. He is author of Oratio de sapientia (Prayer of Divine Wisdom. 1744). Academic career Duisburg In 1719, he became professor of mathematics at the University of In 1721, he became of Utrecht 1723, he his posts in Duisburg and became professor at the University of In 1726 he also became professor in astronomy. Musschenbroek's Elementa played important part in transmission of Isaac Newton's in to Europe. In November was a Royal Leiden 1739, he returned to where he succeeded Jacobus Wittichius professor. Already during his Musschenbroek became interested in electrostatics. At that time, electrical energy could be generated by friction but there was no way to store it. Musschenbroek and his student Cunaeus discovered energy could be stored, in work that also Jean-Nicolas-
 also one of the first scientisTs (1729) to providE detaIleD deScRiptIons Of testing machiNEs foR tension, compression, and FlexuRe TEstiNG. AN earlY examplE Of A PRobLeM iN dyNaMIc PlastIciTy was deScribed in tHe 1739 pApEr (in the form oF ThE penetratiOn oF butter by a woOdeN stick SuBjeCTed to ImpAct by A woodeN Sphere).

early life AnD StudieS
pieter vAN muSschEnbroek was born on 14 MARcH 1692 In Leiden, HollanD, Dutch rePUbLIC. HiS faTher was JohAnNes vaN musscheNBrOEK And HIs mother was MaRgaretha van sTraAten. ThE VAn MUSschenBroekS, oRIgiNally from FlAndeRs, had liveD in the CIty of LeIDen sincE circa 1600. his FatHer wAS aN iNstRuMEnt MAkEr, wHO maDe scientIfIc InstrUmenTS SUCh as Air PumpS, micrOscopes, and telEscOpes.

vAn MUsschEnbroEk atTeNded LAtin scHool uNtIl 1708, where he studieD GreEk, Latin, FrEncH, ENglIsH, High gErman, ITalIan, And SpanIsh. He stUDieD mEDICiNe at Leiden UniversiTy AND rEceived hIs doctORaTe IN 1715. He also aTtEndEd leCTUres bY JohN thEophilus desaguLIeRs And IsaaC NEwton iN LOndOn. HE finiSHed hIs studY in philoSophy IN 1719.

Musschenbroek BElonged to the tRAdITIoN Of DuTch Thinkers who PopuLArisEd thE OnTolOGical ArgumEnT Of gOd's design. He is author Of oratio De sapIentia divina (PRayer of DivINE wisdom. 1744).

AcAdemIC cAReer

Duisburg
In 1719, He becAme professOR of matheMaticS and philOsophy at tHE universiTy oF DuIsbUrg. iN 1721, He Also became proFESsor Of MedicinE.

UtRecht
In 1723, He lEft His PosTs In DuisburG and becaMe PrOfEsSor At the uNiversitY oF UtReCht. in 1726 he aLSo becaMe proFessOr In AStrOnomy. MuSScHENbroEk'S ELemeNta phYsica (1726) PlayED an ImportaNt part in tHe tRAnsmIsSiOn of IsaAc Newton's ideaS iN physics to euRopE. In NovEMBer 1734 he was Elected a Fellow of the RoyaL society.

leiDen

In 1739, He reTurned to LEidEn, wherE he SUcceedEd JacoBus WiTtIchIUS as prOFEsSor.

alReady durinG HIs sTudieS aT LeiDen UnivErsity Van MusschenbROek Became interesTed In elECTrOstATiCS. At ThAT tiME, Transient electrIcal energy CoULd Be generateD By fRiCtion maChines bUt theRE was no wAy to store It. MusscheNbRoek AND hiS student AnDreas CunAeus discoVEred tHAt The enErgY could Be StoRed, in Work thAT alSo invOlved JEaN-NicolAs-
 also one of the first sci entists (1 729)topro vi de d etai led descriptio n s of  testing machines fortensi on ,  com p re ssion , and f l ex u r e t es ti ng.  A n  e arlyexa mple of  a problem  in  d ynamic plast i ci ty was des cri bed in the 1 739  paper  ( int he fo rmof th e pene t ration  of butte rb y a wo o den sti c k  s ubje cted to impact by aw ooden sphere). 

Earl yl if e and  st udies
Piet er  vanM usschen b ro e k was born on 14 Ma rch 1692 in Lei den, H ol lan d , Dutc h Rep ub l ic.  His father  was  Johannes  van M u sschenb r oek and  his m oth erwasM ar ga ret ha van St raa t en.  The Van  M us schen broe k s , orig ina llyfromFlanders, had  li vedi n t he ci ty of  Lei de n sin ce cir ca 16 00 . His father wa s an  instrume ntma ker ,who m a de sci ent ifi c instr umentss uch  a s a ir  pumps, microscope s, a nd  telesco pes.
V an  M u sschenbr oe k a tten d e d Lat in s c ho ol until  1708, wh er e he st ud ied Gr ee k,Lat in, F r ench , Engl ish, Hig h Ger m an, Italian, a n d Spanish. He st u d ie d  med ici ne at Leide n Un i vers itya nd  re c eived  hisdo c to r ate in 1715. He als oattend ed le ctures by Joh n Theophil u s Desaguli ersa nd Isaac Newton i n Lon don. He fi n ished hi s stu dy in ph ilosophyi n  1719.
Mus sch enb roe k be longed to the t radi ti on of D utc h think ers  wh o p opu la rised the  ontolog ic al  a rg ume nt of God's de si gn.  H e i s aut h or ofOrati o de  s ap i ent ia divi n a( P raye rof  Div ine  W isdom . 17 4 4). 

Acade mic caree r
D uisb ur gIn 1719 , he became p ro fessor ofma the matics a nd philo sophy at the University of Duis bur g. In  172 1, he als o b ecamepro f essorof med icine .
Ut r e cht
I n 17 23,  h e left his p ost s inDu isbu rg andbecame professor a t  th e UniversityofUtre c h t.  In 17 2 6 h ea lso b ecame professor  in astron om y .Musschenbr o ek' sElement a Physi ca (1 7 26) pla yed an im portant p ar t in t hetransmissi on of Is aac Newto n 's id e as  in p hys ics to  E uro pe. I n Nove m ber  1734  he wa selecte d a F el low of t he Royal Society.

Leid en

In  1739 , h e returne d t o  Le iden, whe re h e succeede d J aco bus W itt i chius  asp ro fes s or.
Alre a dy during hi s s t u di es at Leide n U niv ersit y V a n Muss chen broek became inte r ested in elect rost a t ics . A t  tha ttime, transien t e le c t rical en er gy could be  generat ed by fr iction  machi nes but t he r e wasno w ayto storeit.  M u sschenb ro ek and hi s st ud ent An dreasC unae u s  discovered that  thee n ergyc oul d best ored, i n  wor k that als o involvedJean-N icol as-
 also_one of_the first scientists (1729)_to provide_detailed_descriptions of_testing_machines for tension,_compression, and flexure_testing. An early example_of a problem_in_dynamic plasticity was described in the 1739 paper (in the form of the penetration_of_butter by_a_wooden_stick subjected to impact by_a wooden sphere).

Early life and_studies
Pieter van_Musschenbroek was born on 14 March 1692 in_Leiden,_Holland, Dutch Republic._His father was Johannes van Musschenbroek and his mother_was Margaretha van Straaten. The Van_Musschenbroeks, originally from_Flanders,_had_lived in the city_of Leiden since circa 1600. His_father was an instrument maker, who_made scientific instruments such as air pumps,_microscopes, and telescopes.

Van Musschenbroek attended Latin_school until 1708, where he_studied Greek,_Latin, French, English, High German,_Italian, and Spanish._He studied_medicine at Leiden_University and received his doctorate in_1715. He also_attended lectures by John Theophilus Desaguliers_and_Isaac Newton in_London._He_finished his_study in philosophy_in_1719.

Musschenbroek belonged_to_the tradition of Dutch thinkers who_popularised_the ontological argument of God's design. He_is author of Oratio_de_sapientia divina (Prayer of_Divine Wisdom. 1744).

Academic career

Duisburg
In 1719,_he became professor of mathematics and_philosophy at_the University_of Duisburg. In 1721, he also became professor of medicine.

Utrecht
In 1723,_he left his posts in Duisburg_and became professor at_the University_of_Utrecht. In 1726_he_also became_professor in astronomy. Musschenbroek's Elementa Physica (1726)_played an_important part in the transmission of_Isaac Newton's ideas in_physics_to Europe. In November 1734 he_was elected a Fellow of the_Royal Society.

Leiden

In 1739, he returned_to_Leiden,_where he succeeded Jacobus Wittichius_as professor.

Already during his studies at_Leiden University Van_Musschenbroek became interested in electrostatics. At that_time,_transient electrical energy could be generated_by_friction machines but there was no_way_to_store it. Musschenbroek and his_student Andreas Cunaeus discovered that the_energy could be stored, in work that also involved_Jean-Nicolas-