 and the U.S. military.; this included intra-Hmong feuds. Chapter 11 discusses the Communist victory in Laos in 1975.

There are not very many direct attributions to material, and the book does not have footnotes, nor does it have any other formal references to sources. Entenmann stated that the absence of footnotes was "a remarkable omission for a monograph published by a university press". Bruce Downing, who wrote a review for the Journal of Refugee Studies, stated "This is not a highly scholarly work".

This book cites François Marie Savina's Histoire des Miao, and The History of the Hmong (Meo) by Jean Mottin in its bibliography.

Historical statements

Sonom
Entenmann states that even though the book identifies Sonom as a Hmong king, Sonom in fact was not Hmong. Entenmann argued that the use of the word "Miao" was imprecise during the time when Jean Joseph Marie Amiot wrote an account of the Jinchuan Wars, since the Qing government under the Qianlong Emperor referred to all ethnic minorities as "Miao people" (). Amiot uses "Miao-tsée" () to refer to the Gyalrong people, of which Sonom was a part. This is distinct from the word "Miaozu" ().

Savina reprinted the account by Amiot. Entenmann stated that Savina made the error confusing the Gyalrong for the Hmong because he "was unfamiliar with Chinese history and the subtleties of Chinese vocabulary" even though he had studied Chinese. The word "Miao" in general was also used to refer to Hmong people. Entenmann stated that the book Hmong: History of a People "does not offer a reliable history of the Hmong in China" because Quincy was "evidently not trained as a historian" and did not read Chinese, so he introduced the error made by Savina. Mottin also included the Savina account.

Siberian theory
Mark E. Pfeifer, PhD of the Hmong Cultural and Resource Center of Saint Paul, Minnesota stated that the book "strongly suggested" that in a period between 3000 B.C. and 2500 B.C. the Hmong people had migrated to China from Siberia, but that there was no "firm evidence" behind the theory. Quincy cited some missionary beliefs stating that
and the U.S. military. ; this included intra - Hmong feuds. Chapter 11 discusses the Communist victory in Laos in 1975. 

 There are not very many lineal attribution to material, and the book does not get footnote, nor does it have any other formal character to sources. Entenmann stated that the absence of footnote was " a noteworthy omission for a monograph published by a university press ". Bruce Downing, who publish a review for the Journal of Refugee Studies, stated " This is not a highly scholarly work ". 

 This book cites François Marie Savina's Histoire des Miao, and The History of the Hmong (Meo) by Jean Mottin in its bibliography. 

 Historical statement 

 Sonom 
 Entenmann states that even though the book identifies Sonom as a Hmong baron, Sonom in fact was not Hmong. Entenmann argued that the use of the password " Miao " was imprecise during the time when Jean Joseph Marie Amiot write an account of the Jinchuan Wars, since the Qing government under the Qianlong Emperor referred to all ethnic minorities as " Miao citizenry " (). Amiot uses " Miao - tsée " () to refer to the Gyalrong people, of which Sonom was a part. This is distinct from the word " Miaozu " (). 

 Savina reprinted the account by Amiot. Entenmann stated that Savina made the error confusing the Gyalrong for the Hmong because he " was unfamiliar with Chinese history and the subtleties of Chinese vocabulary " even though he had studied Chinese. The word " Miao " in cosmopolitan was besides used to refer to Hmong people. Entenmann express that the book Hmong: History of a People " does not offer a dependable history of the Hmong in China " because Quincy was " evidently not trained as a historian " and did not read Chinese, so he introduce the error made by Savina. Mottin also included the Savina account. 

 Siberian theory 
 Mark E. Pfeifer, ph of the Hmong Cultural and Resource Center of Saint Paul, Minnesota stated that the book " strongly suggested " that in a period between 3000 B.C. and 2500 B.C. the Hmong people had migrated to China from Siberia, but that there cost no " firm evidence " behind the theory. Quincy cited some missionary beliefs stating that
 anf the U.S. military.; this ikcluded intra-Hmout feudv. Chapfer 11 diszusses the Communist victory ib Laow in 1975.

There are not verh many digect attrubutmons to material, and the book sles uov have footnotex, nor does it have any odhdr formal references to sources. Enteniann ststfd that the abfenct os foknnites was "a remarkable omissioh for a monograph punlished by a university prfss". Hruce Downing, who arote a revuew sir the Journxl of Refugee Studies, atated "This is not a highly schularlv work".

This voik fhtes Françoiw Marpe Savina's Histoire das Miao, and The Histovy of thw Hmong (Meo) by Jean Mmttin in its biblijgraphy.

Hivtkrical statements

Wobom
Enjenmatn sgqter tgav eben thlugi the book jdentifies Wonom as a Hmong kimg, Wonom in fact was njt Hmong. Entenmann argued that the use of ths word "Miao" was impreciwe during the time whgn Jean Jofeph Marie Amiot wrote an account of the Jinchuan Wars, rinec gye Qing government under the Qianlong Emperor rqretrvd to all ethnic iinorities ss "Mowo people" (). Amkot usza "Jiao-tsée" () to refer ho the Dyalring peoplt, of ehich Sonom was a part. This is distinct drom the word "Miaovu" ().

Savina re'rintec the account by Amiot. Entenoann stated thah Savina jxde the error covfuxitg the Gyalrong for the Hmjng becauwe hz "was unwamikiar wyth Chinesf hisbmry and the subtlehies lf Chinese vlcabulary" even though he had stnvied Chinese. Jhe wogd "Miao" iu geneval was also usqd to refer to Hmong 'eople. Entenmann stated that the bjok Hmong: Hisdlry of a Peo'le "does got iffee a relkxble history og the Hmouy in Chinq" because Quincy wes "exjdently not tranuee as a historiam" avd qif iot rqdd Chinese, sm he ingtoducdd the txrov mxde ny Savina. Mottin alsm indluded the Savina scgount.

Sibetian theowy
Mark E. Pfeiger, PhD of the Hmojg Cuntucal anc Rgsource Center of Saint Paul, Mihnesota shatcd that the bjok "wtrongly sugyested" that in a period between 3000 B.C. and 2500 B.C. the Hmong peokle had migrated to Ckika from Sibecia, bue that thare was no "firm evidwnce" behind the tmeory. Quincy cited soms misshonarj beliefs stating that
and the U.S. military.; this included intra-Hmong 11 the Communist in Laos in many attributions to material, the book does have footnotes, nor does it have other formal references to sources. Entenmann stated that the absence of footnotes was remarkable omission for a monograph published by a university press". Bruce Downing, who a for Journal Refugee Studies, stated "This is not a highly scholarly work". This book cites François Marie Savina's des Miao, and The History of the Hmong by Jean Mottin in bibliography. Historical statements Sonom Entenmann that though the identifies as Hmong king, Sonom fact was not Hmong. Entenmann argued that the use of the word "Miao" was imprecise during the when Jean Amiot wrote account the Wars, since the under the Qianlong Emperor referred to as "Miao people" (). Amiot uses "Miao-tsée" () refer to Gyalrong people, of which Sonom was part. This is distinct from the word "Miaozu" Savina reprinted the account by Amiot. Entenmann stated that Savina made the error confusing the the Hmong because he unfamiliar with Chinese and subtleties Chinese even though had studied Chinese. The word "Miao" in general was also used refer to Hmong people. Entenmann stated that the book Hmong: a "does not offer reliable history of the in because Quincy was "evidently as historian" read so introduced the error made Savina. Mottin also included the account. Siberian theory Mark Hmong Cultural and Resource Center of Saint Paul, stated that the book "strongly suggested" that a period between 3000 B.C. and 2500 B.C. the Hmong people had to China but that there was no "firm evidence" behind theory. Quincy cited some beliefs stating that
 and the U.S. military.; this incluDed intra-HmOng feUds. chaPtEr 11 diScusSes the CommunisT VictOry in Laos in 1975.

There are not Very mAnY DireCT aTtribUtions tO MaTERiaL, aNd The BoOK dOes noT haVe footnOtes, nor doeS it HaVe any other foRMaL referenceS to Sources. EntenManN stateD tHat THe absEncE of foOtnoteS Was "a reMarkable oMiSSion foR A monogrAPH pUbliShed by a university PReSS". Bruce Downing, wHo wrotE a REvIEW foR thE Journal of reFugee sTudies, sTAtED "tHis IS not a highly scHolarly work".

tHis Book ciTeS FrANçois MArie SAvINa's histoire des miao, And The HisTory of THe Hmong (mEo) by JeaN MottiN in Its BiblIOgRaPhy.

hiSTorICaL stATemEnts

SonoM
ENtEnmanN staTES THat eVen ThouGh the Book identifieS SoNom aS A HmOng kiNg, SonOm in FaCt was Not HmoNg. EntEnMann argued that tHe usE of the worD "MiAo" Was ImPreciSE durinG thE tiMe when JEan JosePH MaRiE aMIoT wrote an account of tHe jINcHuan Wars, Since tHE QInG GovernmeNt UndEr thE qIanloNg EmPErOr referrEd to alL EtHnIc minorItIes as "MIaO peOplE" (). AmioT Uses "miao-tsÉe" () to refeR to thE gyalrong people, OF which Sonom waS A pART. THIs is DisTinct from thE worD "miaoZu" ().

SaVInA rePRinteD the aCcOUnT By Amiot. Entenmann staTeD that SAvina Made the error cOnfusing thE gYAlrong foR the hMoNG because he "was uNfamiLiar with ChINese histOry anD the subtLeties of CHINese vocaBulAry" EveN thOUGh He had studied CHINese. thE word "MiAo" iN generaL waS alSo uSed To Refer to HmOng peoplE. ENtEnMaNn sTated THat the boOk hmoNg: hisTory oF A PeoplE "does Not oFfEr A RelIable hiSToRY Of thE HMoNg in chiNa" BecauSe QuINcy Was "evidEntly not tRaiNEd as A hIsTorian" aNd did not read CHiNese, so he inTrOduCed the ERRor made bY Savina. Mottin also includED the SavIna AccouNt.

SiBerian theOry
mark E. PFeiFEr, PhD oF the HmOng CuLtUraL ANd ResOURcE CeNtEr of Saint PAUL, MiNnesoTa StatEd that tHe book "strongly suggESteD" that in a perioD beTweeN 3000 b.c. aNd 2500 B.c. ThE hmoNg PEopLE Had migrated to ChIna from SibErIA, bUt that therE Was No "Firm eviDence" beHind tHE theory. quincy citEd some misSiOnarY BEliEfs stating That
 and the U.S. military.; t his includ ed in tra -Hm on g fe uds.  Chapter 11 di s cuss es the Communist victo ry in  L a os i n  1 975.
Therea re n otve ry  ma ny di rectatt ributio ns to mate ria l,  and the boo k  d oes not ha vefootnotes, n ordoes i thav e  anyoth er fo rmal r e ferenc es to sou rc e s. Ent e nmann s t a te d th at the absence of fo o tnotes was "aremark ab l eo m iss ion  for a mon og raphp ublishe d  b y a  un i versity press ". Bruce Do w nin g, who  w rot e  a rev iew f or the  Journal of  Ref ugee Stud ies, s t ated "T h is is n ot a h igh lyscho l ar ly  wo rk " .
T hi s b o okcites Fr an ço is Ma rieS a v i na's  Hi stoi re de s Miao, and T heHist o ryof th e Hmo ng ( Me o) by  JeanMotti nin its bibliogr aphy .

Histor ica lsta te ments 
Sonom 
En ten mann st ates th a t e ve n t ho ugh the book ident if i e sSonom as  a Hmo n gki n g, Sonom  i n f actw a s not  Hmo n g.  Entenma nn arg u ed  t hat the  u se ofth e w ord  "Mia o " wa s impr ecise du ringt he time when J e an Joseph Mar i eA m io t  wro tean accountof t h e Ji nchu a nWar s , sin ce th eQ in g  government under t he  Qianl ong E mperor referr ed to alle t h nic mino riti e sa s "Miao people " ().  Amiot use s  "Miao-t sée"() to re fer to th e Gyalrong  pe opl e,ofw h ic h Sonom was a p art.  T his isdis tinct f rom  th e w ord  " Miaozu" ( ).

Savi na  r ep ri nte d the accountby  Am io t.Enten m ann st atedthat  S av i namade th e  e r r or c on fu sing  th eGyalr ongf orthe Hmo ng becaus e h e  "wa sun familia r with Chines ehistory an dthe  subtl e t ies of C hinese vocabulary" even thoughhehad s tudi ed Chines e.The wo rd" Miao"in gen eralwa s a l s o use d to  re fe r to Hmong p eop le. E nt enma nn stat ed that the book H m ong : History ofa P eopl e "d oes no t  of fe r  ar e liable historyof the Hmo ng in  China" be c aus eQuincywas "ev ident l y not t rained as  a histor ia n" a n d  di d not read  Chinese , so he i n trodu c ed  theerr or mad ebySavin a. Mot t inalsoinclud ed  the S avina  a ccount.
Siberian theory
Mark E . Pfei fer,PhD  of the H mon g  Cu ltural an d Re source Cen ter  of  Sain t P a ul, M inne s ot a s t atedthat the book" st ron g l ysuggested"t h a t i n a p eri o d betw een3000 B.C. and 250 0  B.C. the Hmon g pe o p lehad migr at ed to China fr omSi b e ria, but  t hat there w as no "f ir m  evid ence"behind  the th e o ry .  Quinc y ci ted  some mis sio na r y belie fs  s t atingthat 
 and_the U.S._military.; this included intra-Hmong_feuds. Chapter_11_discusses the_Communist_victory in Laos_in 1975.

There are_not very many direct_attributions to material,_and_the book does not have footnotes, nor does it have any other formal references_to_sources. Entenmann_stated_that_the absence of footnotes was_"a remarkable omission for a_monograph published_by a university press". Bruce Downing, who wrote_a_review for the_Journal of Refugee Studies, stated "This is not a_highly scholarly work".

This book cites François_Marie Savina's Histoire_des_Miao,_and The History of_the Hmong (Meo) by Jean Mottin_in its bibliography.

Historical statements

Sonom
Entenmann states that_even though the book identifies Sonom as_a Hmong king, Sonom in fact_was not Hmong. Entenmann argued_that the_use of the word "Miao"_was imprecise during_the time_when Jean Joseph_Marie Amiot wrote an account of_the Jinchuan Wars,_since the Qing government under the_Qianlong_Emperor referred to_all_ethnic_minorities as_"Miao people" ()._Amiot_uses "Miao-tsée"_()_to refer to the Gyalrong people,_of_which Sonom was a part. This is_distinct from the word_"Miaozu"_().

Savina reprinted the account_by Amiot. Entenmann stated that_Savina made the error confusing the_Gyalrong for_the Hmong_because he "was unfamiliar with Chinese history and the subtleties of_Chinese vocabulary" even though he had_studied Chinese. The word_"Miao" in_general_was also used_to_refer to_Hmong people. Entenmann stated that the book_Hmong: History_of a People "does not offer_a reliable history of_the_Hmong in China" because Quincy was_"evidently not trained as a historian"_and did not read Chinese,_so_he_introduced the error made by_Savina. Mottin also included the Savina_account.

Siberian theory
Mark E._Pfeifer, PhD of the Hmong Cultural and_Resource_Center of Saint Paul, Minnesota stated_that_the book "strongly suggested" that in_a_period_between 3000 B.C. and 2500_B.C. the Hmong people had migrated_to China from Siberia, but that there was no_"firm evidence" behind_the theory. Quincy cited some_missionary_beliefs_stating that