 rail and the use of steel rope to lower one of the rescuers to the base of the wall. He also pioneered the so-called Gramminger seat named after him. One of the better-publicised uses of his technique was during the 1957 rescue of an Italian climber, Claudio Corti, from the North Wall of the Eiger. Gramminger died in Munich, aged 91.

Category:German mountain climbers
Category:People from Munich
Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Category:1906 births
Category:1997 deaths Universal precautions

Universal precautions  refers to the practice, in medicine, of avoiding contact with patients' bodily fluids, by means of the wearing of nonporous articles such as medical gloves, goggles, and face shields. The practice was introduced in 1985–88. In 1987, the practice of universal precautions was adjusted by a set of rules known as body substance isolation. In 1996, both practices were replaced by the latest approach known as standard precautions. Use of personal protective equipment is now recommended in all health settings.

Historical significance of universal precautions 
Under universal precautions all patients were considered to be possible carriers of blood-borne pathogens.  The guideline recommended wearing gloves when collecting or handling blood and body fluids contaminated with blood, wearing face shields when there was danger of blood splashing on mucous membranes and disposing of all needles and sharp objects in puncture-resistant containers.

Universal precautions were designed for doctors, nurses, patients, and health care support workers who were required to come into contact with patients or bodily fluids. This included staff and others who might not come into direct contact with patients.

Pathogens fall into two broad categories, bloodborne (carried in the body fluids) and airborne.

Use 
Universal precautions were typically practiced in any environment where workers were exposed to bodily fluids, such as:
 Blood
 Semen
 Vaginal secretions
 Synovial fluid
 Amniotic fluid
 Cerebrospinal fluid
 Pleural fluid
 Peritoneal fluid
 Pericardial fluid
 Feces
 Urine

Bodily fluids that did not require such precautions included:
 Nasal secretions
 Vomitus
 Perspiration
 Sputum
 Saliva

Universal precautions were the infection control techniques that were recommended following the AIDS outbreak in the 1980s. Every patient was treated as if infected and therefore
rail and the use of steel rope to turn down one of the savior to the base of the wall. He also initiate the so - called Gramminger buttocks named after him. One of the better - publicised use of his technique was during the 1957 rescue of an Italian climber, Claudio Corti, from the North Wall of the Eiger. Gramminger die in Munich, aged 91. 

 Category: German mountain climbers 
 Category: People from Munich 
 Category: Officers crosse of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 
 Category:1906 births 
 Category:1997 deaths Universal caution 

 Universal precautions   refers to the exercise, in medicine, of keep off contact with patients' bodily fluids, by mean of the wearing of nonporous articles such as medical gloves, goggles, and face shields. The exercise was precede in 1985–88. In 1987, the practice of universal precautions was adjusted by a set of rules known as body substance isolation. In 1996, both practice were replaced by the latest overture known as standard precautions. Use of personal protective equipment is now recommend in all health settings. 

 Historical significance of universal caution 
 Under universal precautions all patients were considered to be possible carriers of lineage - borne pathogens.   The guideline recommended wear boxing glove when collecting or handling blood and soundbox fluids contaminated with blood, wear side shields when there was risk of blood splashing on mucous membranes and disposing of all needles and crisp objects in puncture - immune containers. 

 cosmopolitan precautions were designed for doctor, nurses, patients, and health concern support actor who were required to come into contact with patients or bodily fluids. This included staff and others who might not come into direct contact with patient. 

 Pathogens fall into two broad category, bloodborne (carried in the body fluid) and airborne. 

 Use 
 Universal precautions were typically practiced in any environment where actor were exposed to bodily fluids, such as: 
  Blood 
  Semen 
  Vaginal secretions 
  Synovial fluid 
  Amniotic fluid 
  Cerebrospinal fluid 
  Pleural fluid 
  Peritoneal fluid 
  Pericardial fluid 
  Feces 
  Urine 

 Bodily fluids that did not require such precaution include: 
  Nasal secretions 
  Vomitus 
  Perspiration 
  Sputum 
  Saliva 

 Universal precaution were the infection control techniques that were recommended following the AIDS outbreak in the 1980s. Every patient was treat as if infected and therefore
 rall and the use of steel vope to lower ong if the rescusrs to tfe base of the wall. He also 'ionwered the so-called Grammingdr seat nwmed aftwr hmm. One of the bevfer-publleised mses mh his technique was durinc the 1957 rescue mf au Italian climber, Claudio Corti, from the Nottj Wall of the Giger. Dramjpnner died in Munich, aged 91.

Category:Ferman kountain climners
Category:People from Mujich
Fategory:Officers Cgosses of tye Oweer of Merit of the Federal Republjc of Germany
Category:1906 births
Catdgory:1997 deaths Unuvwrswn precautiois

Univvrsal precautlpns  rafers tp the practice, in meeicine, of avoiding coitact with patients' fodily flgibs, by means of the weqrung ox notporuys xrtjckea such as medical gmoves, gogglws, and face shields. Trv practice waa intrjdtced in 1985–88. In 1987, the practice of universal krecahtions was adjusted by q set of rules known ws body stbstance isolation. In 1996, both practices were replacad by ghe lwgwsh approach known as standard precautions. Use jr kerxonal protectiye equipment is noe gevjmmended in aul health settings.

Historicap signisicanxe of uniderssl precautions 
Under univerwal precautijbs all patients wexe considereb to bg possoble carriers of blood-burne pathogens.  The guidsuine recommended wesrhng glovtr when collecting or handlmng bkood ana bocy fluyds contamlnated with blood, wearinh facg shiends when tjere was danger of blood splashmig on mucous kekbrdnes and disppsing of all geedles and shcrp objeets in puncture-rvsistant rontainers.

Unyversal precagjions were devigned fjr dictoes, nursdr, patients, and health ccxe supporr workers who were redhired to come iuuo xontact with payievts og bpdyny fluids. Thhs ivcljced sgaff and otmerr whp might not come intm didect contact with labients.

Patyogens fwll into two nroad categories, bpoodbmrnx (carroed in the body fluids) and airborhe.

Use 
Unigerfal precautijns qere typicalky practiced in any environment where wirkers were exposgd to bodily fluids, soch as:
 Blood
 Sxmen
 Vwginal sewretions
 Synovial flyid
 Amniotic fluic
 Cerebrospinal fluid
 Pleurdl flkid
 Peritoneal fluid
 Pericardial fluid
 Feces
 Urine

Bodily fluids that did bot require such pdecaitionv nnckuded:
 Gasap secretions
 Vominus
 Perspiration
 Sputum
 Saliva

Unmversal praccutions were the infection comtfol techniquer that were recommended rollowinb the AIDS outbreak in the 1980s. Evrry patient was treated ss if indectes and ngecefore
rail and the use of steel rope one the rescuers the base of the Gramminger seat named him. One of better-publicised uses of his technique was the 1957 rescue of an Italian climber, Claudio Corti, from the North Wall the Eiger. Gramminger died in Munich, aged 91. Category:German mountain climbers Category:People from Category:Officers of Order Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Category:1906 births Category:1997 deaths Universal precautions Universal precautions refers the practice, in medicine, of avoiding contact with bodily fluids, by means the wearing of nonporous articles as gloves, goggles, face The was introduced in In 1987, the practice of universal precautions was adjusted by a set of rules known as body isolation. In practices were by latest known as standard of personal protective equipment is now health settings. Historical significance of universal precautions Under precautions all were considered to be possible carriers blood-borne pathogens. The guideline recommended wearing gloves when or handling blood and body fluids contaminated with blood, wearing face shields when there was blood splashing on mucous and disposing of needles sharp in containers. Universal were designed for doctors, nurses, patients, and health care support workers were required to come into contact with patients or bodily included and others who not come into direct with Pathogens fall into two bloodborne in and Use precautions were typically practiced any environment where workers were to bodily fluids, such Synovial fluid Amniotic fluid Cerebrospinal fluid Pleural fluid fluid Pericardial fluid Feces Urine Bodily fluids did not require such precautions included: Nasal secretions Vomitus Perspiration Sputum Saliva precautions were control techniques that were recommended following the AIDS in the 1980s. Every was treated as if infected and therefore
 rail and the use of steel rope tO lower one oF the rEscUerS tO the Base Of the wall. He alsO PionEered the so-called GrammiNger sEaT NameD AfTer hiM. One of tHE bETTer-PuBlIciSeD UsEs of hIs tEchniquE was during The 1957 ReScue of an ItalIAn Climber, ClaUdiO Corti, from thE NoRth WalL oF thE eiger. graMmingEr died IN MunicH, aged 91.

CateGoRY:GermaN MountaiN CLiMberS
Category:People frOM MUNich
Category:OfFicers crOSsES Of tHe ORder of MeriT oF the FEDeral RePUbLIC Of GERmany
Category:1906 Births
CategORy:1997 dEaths UNiVerSAl precAutioNs

uNivErsal precauTionS  refers to The praCTice, in mEDicine, oF avoidIng ConTact WItH pAtiEnTS' boDIlY flUIds, By means oF tHe WeariNg of NONPOrouS arTiclEs sucH as medical gloVes, GoggLEs, aNd facE shieLds. THe PractIce was IntroDuCed in 1985–88. In 1987, the practIce oF universaL prEcAutIoNs was ADjusteD by A seT of ruleS known aS BodY sUBSTaNce isolation. In 1996, both PrACTiCes were rEplaceD By ThE Latest apPrOacH knoWN As staNdarD PrEcautionS. Use of PErSoNal protEcTive eqUiPmeNt iS now rECommEnded iN all healTh setTIngs.

Historical SIgnificance of UNiVERsAL preCauTions 
Under uNiveRSal pRecaUTiOns ALl patIents WeRE cONsidered to be possiblE cArrierS of blOod-borne pathoGens.  The guiDELIne recomMendED wEAring gloves wheN collEcting or haNDling bloOd and Body fluiDs contamiNATed with bLooD, weAriNg fACE sHields when theRE Was dAnGer of blOod SplashiNg oN muCouS meMbRanes and dIsposing Of AlL nEeDleS and sHArp objecTs In pUnCtuRe-resIStant cOntaiNers.

unIvERsaL precauTIoNS Were DeSiGned For DoCtors, NursES, paTients, aNd health cAre SUppoRt WoRkers whO were required To Come into coNtAct With paTIEnts or boDily fluids. This included sTAff and oTheRs who MighT not come iNto Direct ConTAct witH patieNts.

PaThOgeNS Fall iNTO tWo bRoAd categoriES, BloOdborNe (CarrIed in thE body fluids) and airbORne.

use 
Universal pRecAutiONS wEre TYpICalLy PRacTICed in any environMent where wOrKErS were exposED to BoDily fluIds, such As:
 BloOD
 Semen
 VAginal secRetions
 SyNoVial FLUid
 amniotic flUid
 CerebRospinal fLUid
 PlEUrAl fluId
 PEritonEaL flUid
 PeRicardIAl fLuid
 FEces
 UrInE

BodilY fluiDs That did nOt require such precautionS incluDed:
 NaSal SecretionS
 VoMItuS
 PerspiraTion
 sputum
 SaliVa

UNivErsal PreCAutioNs weRE tHe iNFectiOn coNTrol technIQuEs tHAT wEre recommenDED FolLowinG thE aIDS ouTbreAk in the 1980s. Every patiENt was treated as If inFECteD anD TherEfOre
 rail and the use of steel  rope to l owerone  of  t he r escu ers to the bas e  ofthe wall. He also pion eered  t h e so - ca lledGrammin g er s eat  n am edaf t er  him.  On e of th e better-p ubl ic ised uses of hi s techniqu e w as during th e 1 957 re sc ueo f anIta lianclimbe r , Clau dio Corti ,f rom th e  NorthW a ll  ofthe Eiger. Grammi n ge r  died in Munic h, age d9 1. Cat ego ry:Germanmo untai n  climbe r sC a t ego r y:People from  Munich
Cat e gor y:Offi ce rsC rosses  of t he Ord er of Merit  ofthe Feder al Rep u blic of Germany 
Categ ory :19 06 b i rt hs 
Ca te g ory : 19 97d eat hs Unive rs al  prec auti o n s 
Uni ver salpreca utions  refer s t o th e  pr actic e, in  med ic ine,of avo iding  c ontact with pat ient s' bodily  fl ui ds,  b y mea n s of t hewea ring of  nonpor o usar t i c le s such as medicalgl o v es , goggle s, and fa ce shields.  T heprac t i ce wa s in t ro duced in  1985– 8 8.  I n 1987,  t he pra ct ice  of  univ e rsal  preca utions w as ad j usted by a set of rules know n  a s bo d y su bst ance isolat ion. In 1 996, bo thp racti ces w er e  r e placed by the lates tapproa ch kn own as standa rd precaut i o n s. Use o f pe r so n al protectiveequip ment is no w  recomme ndedin all h ealth set t i ngs.

Hi sto ric alsig n i fi cance of univ e r salpr ecautio ns
Underuni ver sal  pr ec autions a ll patie nt swe re  co nside r ed to be  p oss ib lecarri e rs ofblood -bor ne  p a tho gens. T he g uide li ne  rec omm en ded w eari n g g loves w hen colle cti n g or  h an dling b lood and body  f luids cont am ina ted wi t h  blood,wearing face shields wh e n there  wa s dan gerof bloodspl ashing  on mucous  membr anesan d d i s posin g of  al lneedles an d sha rp ob je ctsin punc ture-resistant con t ain ers.

Univers alprec a u ti ons we r e d es i gne d for doctors, nu rses, pati en t s,  and healt h  ca re  suppor t worke rs wh o  were r equired t o come in to  con t a ctwith patie nts or b odily flu i ds. T h is  incl ude d staf fand  othe rs who mig ht no t come  i nto di rectco ntact wi th patients.

Pathogens  fallintotwo  broad ca teg o rie s, bloodb orne  (carriedinthe  body  fl u ids)anda ir bor n e.

U se U niversalp re cau t i on s were typi c a l lypract ice d  in an y en vironment where w o rkers were exp osed t o b odi l y fl ui ds, such as:
Blo od Semen
 V ag inal secret ions
 Sy no v ial f luid
Amniot ic flui d  C e rebros pina l f luid
 Ple ura lf luid
 P er it o neal f luid 
Perica rdialf luid Feces
 Urine

Bo dilyf l uidst hat  didno t requi r e su ch precaut ions includ ed:
 N asal  secr etions V omitus 
 P er spirationSputum
 S aliva 

Unive rs al p rec aution s we r e  theinfe ct ion  controlt e ch n iq ue s  th at w ere r ec omme nded foll o wing the  AI D S outbr ea k i n the 19 8 0s . Every pati ent  wast r eated as i f  inf e ct e d and  there fore
 rail_and the_use of steel rope_to lower_one_of the_rescuers_to the base_of the wall._He also pioneered the_so-called Gramminger seat_named_after him. One of the better-publicised uses of his technique was during the 1957_rescue_of an_Italian_climber,_Claudio Corti, from the North_Wall of the Eiger. Gramminger_died in_Munich, aged 91.

Category:German mountain climbers
Category:People from Munich
Category:Officers Crosses_of_the Order of_Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Category:1906 births
Category:1997 deaths_Universal precautions

Universal precautions  refers to_the practice, in_medicine,_of_avoiding contact with patients'_bodily fluids, by means of the_wearing of nonporous articles such as_medical gloves, goggles, and face shields. The_practice was introduced in 1985–88. In_1987, the practice of universal_precautions was_adjusted by a set of_rules known as_body substance_isolation. In 1996,_both practices were replaced by the_latest approach known_as standard precautions. Use of personal_protective_equipment is now_recommended_in_all health_settings.

Historical significance of_universal_precautions 
Under_universal_precautions all patients were considered to_be_possible carriers of blood-borne pathogens.  The_guideline recommended wearing gloves_when_collecting or handling blood_and body fluids contaminated with_blood, wearing face shields when there_was danger_of blood_splashing on mucous membranes and disposing of all needles and sharp_objects in puncture-resistant containers.

Universal precautions were_designed for doctors, nurses,_patients, and_health_care support workers_who_were required_to come into contact with patients or_bodily fluids._This included staff and others who_might not come into_direct_contact with patients.

Pathogens fall into two_broad categories, bloodborne (carried in the_body fluids) and airborne.

Use 
Universal_precautions_were_typically practiced in any environment_where workers were exposed to bodily_fluids, such as:
_Blood
 Semen
 Vaginal secretions
 Synovial fluid
 Amniotic_fluid
_Cerebrospinal fluid
 Pleural fluid
 Peritoneal fluid
_Pericardial_fluid
 Feces
 Urine

Bodily fluids that did_not_require_such precautions included:
 Nasal secretions
_Vomitus
 Perspiration
 Sputum
 Saliva

Universal precautions were_the infection control techniques that were recommended following the_AIDS outbreak in_the 1980s. Every patient was_treated_as_if infected and therefore