 settlers to ruin. Aboriginal resistance continued well beyond the middle of the nineteenth century, and in 1881 the editor of The Queenslander wrote:

During the last four or five years the human life and property destroyed by the aborigines in the North total up to a serious amount. [...] [S]ettlement on the land, and the development of the mineral and other resources on the country, have been in a great degree prohibited by the hostility of the blacks, which still continues with undiminished spirit.

Reynolds argues that continuous Aboriginal resistance for well over a century belies the myth of peaceful settlement in Australia. Settlers in turn often reacted to Aboriginal resistance with great violence, resulting in numerous indiscriminate massacres by whites of Aboriginal men, women and children. Among the most famous massacres of the early nineteenth century were the Pinjarra massacre, the Myall Creek massacre, and the Rufus River massacre.

Famous Aboriginal men who resisted British colonisation in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries include Pemulwuy and Yagan, and many others went unrecorded. In Tasmania, the "Black War" was fought in the first half of the nineteenth century.

The British actions constituted "invasion" as it was defined in international law even during the nineteenth century, argues Rowan Nicholson in 2020:
the central meaning of the word "invasion" in international law was the entry by force by one sovereign into the territory of another sovereign.

This happened on January 26 1788, when agents of the British government, including military officers and marines, entered the sovereign territory of the Gadigal people at Sydney Cove.

It happened again and again over the following century, whenever British governmental forces entered the territory of another Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people to seize that territory.

Representations in literature and film 
 Marcus Clarke's 1874 novel, For the Term of his Natural Life, and the 1983 television adaptation of the novel.
 Eleanor Dark's 1947 Timeless Land trilogy, which spans the colonisation from 1788–1811. The 1980s television drama, The Timeless Land, was based on this trilogy.
 D. Manning Richards. Destiny in Sydney: An epic novel of convicts, Aborigines, and Chinese embroiled in the birth of Sydney, Australia. First book in Sydney series. Washington DC: Aries Books, 2012. 
 Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002)
settlers to ruin. Aboriginal resistance continue well beyond the center of the nineteenth century, and in 1881 the editor of The Queenslander publish: 

 During the final four or five years the human life and place destroyed by the aborigines in the North total up to a dangerous amount. [... ] [ S]ettlement on the land, and the exploitation of the mineral and other resources on the nation, have been in a big degree prohibited by the hostility of the blacks, which still cover with undiminished spirit. 

 Reynolds argues that continuous Aboriginal resistor for well over a century belies the myth of peaceful settlement in Australia. settler in turn often reacted to Aboriginal resistance with big violence, resulting in numerous indiscriminate massacres by whites of Aboriginal men, women and children. Among the most famous massacres of the early nineteenth century were the Pinjarra massacre, the Myall Creek massacre, and the Rufus River massacre. 

 Famous Aboriginal men who resisted British colonization in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century include Pemulwuy and Yagan, and many others blend live. In Tasmania, the " Black War " was crusade in the first half of the nineteenth hundred. 

 The British actions form " invasion " as it was defined in international jurisprudence even during the nineteenth century, argues Rowan Nicholson in 2020: 
 the central meaning of the word " invasion " in international law was the submission by force by one sovereign into the territory of another sovereign. 

 This happened on January 26 1788, when agents of the British politics, including military officer and marine, entered the sovereign territory of the Gadigal people at Sydney Cove. 

 It find again and again over the following century, whenever British governmental forces entered the territory of another Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people to seize that territory. 

 Representations in literature and movie 
  Marcus Clarke's 1874 novel, For the Term of his Natural Life, and the 1983 television adaptation of the novel. 
  Eleanor Dark's 1947 Timeless Land trilogy, which spans the colonisation from 1788–1811. The 1980s television play, The Timeless Land, was based on this trilogy. 
  D. Manning Richards. Destiny in Sydney: An epic novel of convicts, Aborigines, and Chinese embroiled in the parturition of Sydney, Australia. First ledger in Sydney series. Washington DC: Aries Books, 2012. 
  Rabbit - Proof Fence (2002 )
 sehtlers to ruin. Aboriginau resistance courinued well geyond tfe middle of the nineteenth rentyry, abd in 1881 the editor of Tfe Queenspander weote:

Vuring the last hkur or nnve yswrs chx human life anc property destroyed by dhd cborigines in the North total up to w seriois amount. [...] [S]ettlgment jn tgv oand, and the development of tge minegal and other respurces on the country, have beej in a great degref prohibitee by rhe hostilith of the blacks, which atill continues with undiminishdd spnrit.

Reynoldw qrgkgs that contmnuous Aboriginal vvsistanwe for eell over a cektury beoies the myth of peacxful settlement in Aostralia. Satclers in turn often rwaxted jo Abmrigkbal reaixtznce wlth great viomence, resulring in numerous incifbtiminate masaacres br whites of Aboriginal men, women and chpldrsn. Among the most famouw massacres of the eatly nineteqnth century were the Pinjarra massacre, the Myall Creei mawswzee, and the Rufus River massacre.

Famous Aboriginaj mtn eho resisted Bvitish colonisatiom ln jhe eighteenth and ecdlg nineteenth centugies inslude Pemulwuy and Yagan, and many others went unrecorded. Pn Tqsmania, the "Black Car" was fougkt in jhe fitst half of the nineteeuth cehtury.

The Brltish actjuns constituted "knvsshon" as iu was defined in igternatioial lcw even aurimg the nineteentj cenbgry, argues Rowan Nlcholdot in 2020:
the cfntral meaning of the word "invasion" in internsthondl law wcs the entry by forse by one soveteign intj the territory of anovher sovereidn.

This happenaf on January 26 1788, when wgenrs od the Bfktish governmemt, includpny militart officers and marlnes, gnfered the soverzngb territory of yhe Gaqihak [aople at Sydtey Zovd.

Ot haopened agaik avd abain over the followhng dentury, whenever Btibish govetnmental sorces enterec the territory of anotier Aburigimal or Torres Strait Islander peolle to selze that territjry.

Rcprefentations in literature and film 
 Marcus Clarke's 1874 novel, For the Tgrm of his Natural Liye, and the 1983 txlevisyon adaptdtion of the novel.
 Eoeanor Dark's 1947 Timtless Land trilogy, whicg spanv the colonisation from 1788–1811. The 1980s television drama, The Timeless Land, was based on this vrylogy.
 D. Manhing Richdrbs. Bestiny in Dbdney: An epic novvl of convicts, Aborigines, and Chmnese embrmijed in the birth of Sydney, Aisgralia. First cook in Sydney series. Waahington DC: Aries Books, 2012. 
 Rabbit-Proof Frnce (2002)
settlers to ruin. Aboriginal resistance continued well middle the nineteenth and in 1881 wrote: the last four five years the life and property destroyed by the in the North total up to a serious amount. [...] [S]ettlement on the and the development of the mineral and other resources on the country, have in great prohibited the hostility of the blacks, which still continues with undiminished spirit. Reynolds argues that continuous Aboriginal for well over a century belies the myth peaceful settlement in Australia. in turn often reacted to resistance great violence, in indiscriminate by whites of men, women and children. Among the most famous massacres of the early nineteenth century were the Pinjarra the Myall and the River Famous men who resisted in the eighteenth and early nineteenth and Yagan, and many others went unrecorded. In the "Black was fought in the first half the nineteenth century. The British actions constituted "invasion" it was defined in international law even during the nineteenth century, argues Rowan Nicholson in central meaning of the "invasion" in international was entry force one sovereign the territory of another sovereign. This happened on January 26 1788, agents of the British government, including military officers and marines, sovereign of the Gadigal at Sydney Cove. It again again over the following British forces of Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander people seize that territory. Representations in and film Marcus Clarke's of his Natural Life, and the 1983 television of the novel. Eleanor Dark's 1947 Timeless trilogy, which spans the colonisation from 1788–1811. The 1980s television drama, The Land, was this trilogy. D. Manning Richards. Destiny in Sydney: epic novel of convicts, and Chinese embroiled in the birth of Sydney, Australia. book Sydney series. DC: Aries Books, Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002)
 settlers to ruin. Aboriginal rEsistance cOntinUed WelL bEyonD the Middle of the ninETeenTh century, and in 1881 the editoR of ThE QUEensLAnDer wrOte:

DuriNG tHE LasT fOuR or FiVE yEars tHe hUman lifE and properTy dEsTroyed by the aBOrIgines in thE NoRth total up to A seRious aMoUnt. [...] [s]EttleMenT on thE land, aND the deVelopment Of THe mineRAl and otHER rEsouRces on the country, hAVe BEen in a great degRee proHiBItED By tHe hOstility of ThE blacKS, which sTIlL CONtiNUes with undimiNished spiriT.

reyNolds aRgUes THat conTinuoUs aBorIginal resisTancE for well oVer a ceNTury belIEs the myTh of peAceFul SettLEmEnT in auSTraLIa. setTLerS in turn oFtEn ReactEd to aBORIginAl rEsisTance With great violEncE, resULtiNg in nUmeroUs inDiScrimInate mAssacReS by whites of AborIginAl men, womeN anD cHilDrEn. AmoNG the moSt fAmoUs massaCres of tHE eaRlY NINeTeenth century were tHe pINjArra massAcre, thE myAlL creek masSaCre, And tHE rufus riveR MaSsacre.

FaMous AbORiGiNal men wHo ResistEd briTisH coloNIsatIon in tHe eighteEnth aND early nineteenTH centuries incLUdE pEmULwuy And yagan, and manY othERs weNt unREcOrdED. In TaSmaniA, tHE "BLAck War" was fought in thE fIrst haLf of tHe nineteenth cEntury.

The BRITIsh actioNs coNStITuted "invasion" aS it waS defined in INternatiOnal lAw even duRing the niNETeenth ceNtuRy, aRguEs ROWAn nicholson in 2020:
thE CEntrAl Meaning Of tHe word "iNvaSioN" in IntErNational lAw was the EnTrY bY fOrcE by onE SovereigN iNto ThE teRritoRY of anoTher sOverEiGn.

tHis HappeneD On jANuarY 26 1788, wHeN ageNts Of The BrItisH GovErnment, Including MilITary OfFiCers and Marines, entereD tHe sovereigN tErrItory oF THe GadigaL people at Sydney Cove.

It haPPened agAin And agAin oVer the folLowIng cenTurY, WhenevEr BritIsh goVeRnmENTal foRCEs EntErEd the terriTORy oF anotHeR AboRiginal Or Torres Strait IslaNDer People to seize ThaT terRIToRy.

REPrESenTaTIonS IN literature and fIlm 
 Marcus CLaRKe'S 1874 novel, For tHE TeRm Of his NaTural LiFe, and THe 1983 televIsion adapTation of tHe NoveL.
 eLeaNor Dark's 1947 TiMeless LaNd trilogy, WHich sPAnS the cOloNisatiOn FroM 1788–1811. The 1980s TeleviSIon Drama, the TimElEss LanD, was bAsEd on this Trilogy.
 D. Manning Richards. destinY in SyDneY: An epic noVel OF coNvicts, AboRigiNes, and ChinEse EmbRoileD in THe birTh of sYdNey, aUstraLia. FIRst book in sYdNey SERiEs. WashingtoN dc: ariEs BooKs, 2012. 
 RABbit-PrOof FEnce (2002)
 settlers to ruin. Aborigi nal resist ancecon tin ue d we ll b eyond the midd l e of  the nineteenth centur y, an di n 18 8 1the e ditor o f  T h e  Qu ee ns lan de r  w rote: 

D uring t he last fo uror  five yearst he  human lif e a nd propertydes troyed  b y t h e abo rig inesin the Northtotal upto a seri o us amou n t .[... ] [S]ettlement on th e  land, and the  devel op m en t ofthe  mineral a nd  othe r  resour c es o n  th e  country, hav e been in a gre at deg re e p r ohibit ed by  t h e h ostility of  the  blacks,whichs till co n tinueswith u ndi min ishe d  s pi rit .Rey n ol dsa rgu es thatco nt inuou s Ab o r i g inal  re sist ancefor well over  acent u rybelie s the  myt hof pe aceful  sett le ment in Austral ia.Settlersintu rnof ten r e actedtoAbo riginal  resist a nce  w i t h  g reat violence, res ul t i ng  in nume rous i n di sc r iminatema ssa cres b y whi teso fAborigin al men ,  w om en andch ildren .Amo ngthe m o st f amousmassacre s oft he early ninet e enth centuryw er e th e  Pin jar ra massacre , th e  Mya ll C r ee k m a ssacr e, an dt he Rufus River massacr e. 

Famo us Ab original menwho resist e d Britishcolo n is a tion in the ei ghtee nth and ea r ly ninet eenth  centuri es includ e Pemulwuy  an d Y aga n,a n dmany others w e n t un re corded.  In  Tasman ia,  th e " Bla ck  War" was  foughtin  t he  f irs t hal f  of theni net ee nth  cent u ry.

T he Br itis hac t ion s const i tu t e d "i nv as ion"  as  i t was  def i ned  in int ernationa l l a w ev en  d uring t he nineteenth  c entury, ar gu esRowanN i cholsonin 2020:
the central me a ning of  th e wor d "i nvasion"inintern ati o nal la w wasthe e nt ryb y  forc e by  on esovereigni n tothe t er rito ry of a nother sovereign.Thi s happened on  Ja nuar y 26  17 8 8, whe na gen t s  of the British  governmen t, in cluding mi l ita ry  office rs andmarin e s, ente red the s overeignte rrit o r y o f the Gadi gal peop le at Syd n ey Co v e. 

Ithap penedag ain  andagaino ver  thefollow in g cent ury,wh enever B ritish governmental for ces en tered  th e territo ryo f a nother Ab orig inal or To rre s S trait  Is l ander  peo p le  to seize  tha t  territor y .
Re p r es entations i n l ite ratur e a n d film  
 M arcus Clarke's 18 7 4 novel, For t he T e r m o f h i s Na tu ral Life, andthe  1 9 8 3 televi si on adaptati on of th en ovel. 
 Elea nor Da rk's 19 4 7  T i meless  Lan d t rilogy, w hic hs pans th eco l onisat ionfr om 178 8–1811 .  The 1 980s televisiondrama , The T i mel ess L an d, wasb ased  on this t rilogy.
 D.  Manni ng R ichar ds. Des ti ny inSyd ne y: An epic novel ofconvi cts, Ab or igin es,  and C hine s e  embr oile dinthe birth o fS yd ne y , A ustr alia.  F irst  book inS ydney se rie s . Washi ng ton D C: Ari e sB o oks, 2012.  
Rabbi t - Proof Fenc e  (20 0 2) 
 settlers_to ruin._Aboriginal resistance continued well_beyond the_middle_of the_nineteenth_century, and in_1881 the editor_of The Queenslander wrote:

During_the last four_or_five years the human life and property destroyed by the aborigines in the North_total_up to_a_serious_amount. [...] [S]ettlement on the_land, and the development of_the mineral_and other resources on the country, have been_in_a great degree_prohibited by the hostility of the blacks, which still_continues with undiminished spirit.

Reynolds argues that_continuous Aboriginal resistance_for_well_over a century belies_the myth of peaceful settlement in_Australia. Settlers in turn often reacted_to Aboriginal resistance with great violence, resulting_in numerous indiscriminate massacres by whites_of Aboriginal men, women and_children. Among_the most famous massacres of_the early nineteenth_century were_the Pinjarra massacre,_the Myall Creek massacre, and the_Rufus River massacre.

Famous_Aboriginal men who resisted British colonisation_in_the eighteenth and_early_nineteenth_centuries include_Pemulwuy and Yagan,_and_many others_went_unrecorded. In Tasmania, the "Black War"_was_fought in the first half of the_nineteenth century.

The British actions_constituted_"invasion" as it was_defined in international law even_during the nineteenth century, argues Rowan_Nicholson in_2020:
the central_meaning of the word "invasion" in international law was the entry_by force by one sovereign into_the territory of another_sovereign.

This happened_on_January 26 1788,_when_agents of_the British government, including military officers and_marines, entered_the sovereign territory of the Gadigal_people at Sydney Cove.

It_happened_again and again over the following_century, whenever British governmental forces entered_the territory of another Aboriginal_or_Torres_Strait Islander people to seize_that territory.

Representations in literature and film_
 Marcus Clarke's_1874 novel, For the Term of his_Natural_Life, and the 1983 television adaptation_of_the novel.
 Eleanor Dark's 1947 Timeless_Land_trilogy,_which spans the colonisation from_1788–1811. The 1980s television drama, The_Timeless Land, was based on this trilogy.
 D. Manning_Richards. Destiny in_Sydney: An epic novel of_convicts,_Aborigines,_and Chinese embroiled in the birth of Sydney, Australia. First_book in_Sydney series. Washington_DC: Aries Books, 2012. 
 Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002)