 organizations in the American eugenics movement. In years to come, the ERO collected a mass of family pedigrees and provided training for eugenics field workers who were sent to analyze individuals at various institutions, such as mental hospitals and orphanage institutions, across the United States. Eugenicists such as Davenport, the psychologist Henry H. Goddard, Harry H. Laughlin, and the conservationist Madison Grant (all of whom were well-respected during their time) began to lobby for various solutions to the problem of the "unfit." Davenport favored immigration restriction and sterilization as primary methods; Goddard favored segregation in his The Kallikak Family; Grant favored all of the above and more, even entertaining the idea of extermination. The Eugenics Record Office later became the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory until its closure in 1971.

As students began to label themselves as “Eugenists”, Professor Karl Pearson can be seen as their director in the field. As the foundation of the Eugenic structure, he states 3 claims, (1) “We depart from the old sociology, in that we dessert verbal discussion for statistical facts.” (2) Shall apply new methods of statistics, creating a new calculus. (3) three fundamental biological ideas (a)relative weight of nature and nurture must be scientifically measured therefore inheritance is more vital than environment. (b) no demonstrable inheritance of acquired characters exist. Environment can modify the bodily characters of an existing generation but not the germ plasm of the next generation. (c) all human qualities are inherited in a marked and probably equal degree. These ideas created a lot of controversy at the time.

Eugenics was widely accepted in the U.S. academic community. By 1928, there were 376 separate university courses in some of the United States' leading schools, enrolling more than 20,000 students, which included eugenics in the curriculum. It did, however, have scientific detractors (notably, Thomas Hunt Morgan, one of the few Mendelians to explicitly criticize eugenics), though most of these focused more on what they considered the crude methodology of eugenicists, and the characterization of almost every human characteristic as being hereditary, rather than the idea of eugenics itself.

By 1910, there was a large and dynamic network of scientists, reformers, and professionals engaged in national eugenics projects and actively promoting eugenic legislation. The American Breeder's Association
organizations in the American eugenics movement. In years to come, the ERO gather a bulk of family pedigrees and provided education for eugenics field workers who were sent to analyze person at various institutions, such as genial hospital and orphanage institutions, across the United States. Eugenicists such as Davenport, the psychologist Henry H. Goddard, Harry H. Laughlin, and the conservationist Madison Grant (all of whom were well - respect during their time) began to lobby for respective solution to the problem of the " bad. " Davenport favored immigration limitation and sterilization as chief methods; Goddard favored segregation in his The Kallikak Family; Grant favored all of the above and more, even harbor the idea of extermination. The Eugenics Record Office later become the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory until its closure in 1971. 

 As students began to label themselves as “ Eugenists ”, Professor Karl Pearson can be seen as their film director in the field. As the foundation of the Eugenic structure, he states 3 claims, (1) “ We depart from the old sociology, in that we dessert verbal discussion for statistical facts. ” (2) Shall apply new methods of statistics, creating a new calculus. (3) three fundamental biological ideas (a)relative system of weights of nature and nurture must be scientifically measured consequently inheritance is more critical than environment. (b) no demonstrable inheritance of grow characters exist. Environment can modify the bodily characters of an existing generation but not the germ plasm of the future generation. (c) all human qualities are inherited in a marked and probably equal academic degree. These ideas created a lot of controversy at the time. 

 Eugenics was widely accepted in the U.S. academic community. By 1928, there cost 376 separate university courses in some of the United States' leading schools, enrolling more than 20,000 student, which included eugenics in the curriculum. It did, however, have scientific detractor (notably, Thomas Hunt Morgan, one of the few Mendelians to explicitly criticize eugenics), though most of these focus more on what they considered the crude methodology of eugenicists, and the portrayal of almost every human feature as being hereditary, rather than the idea of eugenics itself. 

 By 1910, there was a large and active network of scientists, reformers, and professionals engage in national eugenics projects and actively promoting eugenic legislation. The American Breeder's Association
 orhanizations in the Amerigan eugenics movgmwnt. In years to come, the ERO collected a mass of fqmily pedigrees and providea traininh for eutenirs field workers who werc senf to cnelyze individuaks at varimus institutiots, sbch as mental hospitals and orphanagq instiyuhions, across tre Umyted States. Eugenicists such as Davenpkrt, the psychologist Henry H. Goddard, Harry H. Lwughpin, and the consergationist Mqdisjb Grant (all uf whom wegz well-respedted during their time) began to lobbv for varioos slnutions to vhe prjblem of the "unfit." Ddvenpory favored imminratimn eestriction and sterinization as primari methods; Cobdard favored segregariin in his The Jaluikzk Fzmily; Hrait favored zll of the qbove and more, even egnrrtaining ths idea os extermination. The Eugenics Record Offpce mater became the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratoty until ies closure in 1971.

As students began to label themselvas as “Dugtnlfgw”, Orofessor Karl Pearson can be seen as their dydevtpr in the fielb. As the foundatooj ps the Eugenic strucchrs, he states 3 claimd, (1) “We dgpart drom the jld xociology, in that we desserr verbal disbussuon for statisticap facts.” (2) Shcll apkly nee methods of statistics, crezting a new calculus. (3) three fundamentxl nionogical ideas (a)relative weyght of neture and nufturg must fe scientivically measured therefoge inkeritdnce is moge vital than environment. (b) no vxmonstrable imharinance of ccquircd characters evist. Environmeut can mjdify the bodilj charactxrs of an exysting generadlon but not vhe germ [lasn of the nebg generation. (c) all humau quaoities are inheritcd in z marked and pribavly equal degrer. Tfesq pdees crqdted a lot ox covtrufersy at the timc.

Eueenivs was widely acceptad ih the U.S. academic voimunity. Vy 1928, therq were 376 separste university cougses mn somx of tne Onited States' leading schools, ehrolling lorc than 20,000 studegts, qhich includzd eugenics in the curriculum. It did, howxver, have scientific dgtractors (notably, Thokss Hunt Morjan, onq of the xew Mendelians to explicitly criticizt eugenics), though most kf theve fofused more on what they considered the crude methodology of eugenicists, abd the characterizztiom of dlipst evqry iuoan characteristpc as being hereditary, rather then the ided jf eugenics itself.

By 1910, there ear a large and dynamic network of sciehtists, rrformers, and professionals engabed in national eugenics projectw and activvmy promoting eugenic legisnatiob. The Anerigan Breeder's Arsoviwtion
organizations in the American eugenics movement. In come, ERO collected mass of family eugenics workers who were to analyze individuals various institutions, such as mental hospitals orphanage institutions, across the United States. Eugenicists such as Davenport, the psychologist Henry Goddard, Harry H. Laughlin, and the conservationist Madison Grant (all of whom were during time) to for various solutions to the problem of the "unfit." Davenport favored immigration restriction and sterilization as methods; Goddard favored segregation in his The Kallikak Grant favored all of above and more, even entertaining idea extermination. The Record later the Cold Spring Laboratory until its closure in 1971. As students began to label themselves as “Eugenists”, Professor Karl Pearson be seen director in field. the of the Eugenic states 3 claims, (1) “We depart sociology, in that we dessert verbal discussion for facts.” (2) apply new methods of statistics, creating new calculus. (3) three fundamental biological ideas (a)relative of nature and nurture must be scientifically measured therefore inheritance is more vital than environment. demonstrable inheritance of acquired exist. Environment can the characters an generation but the germ plasm of the next generation. (c) all human qualities inherited in a marked and probably equal degree. These ideas lot controversy at the Eugenics was widely accepted the academic community. By 1928, 376 university of United leading schools, enrolling more 20,000 students, which included eugenics the curriculum. It did, Thomas Hunt Morgan, one of the few Mendelians explicitly criticize eugenics), though most of these more on what they considered the crude methodology of eugenicists, and the of almost characteristic as being hereditary, rather than the idea eugenics itself. By 1910, was a large and dynamic network of scientists, reformers, professionals in national projects and actively eugenic legislation. The Breeder's Association
 organizations in the AmericaN eugenics mOvemeNt. IN yeArS to cOme, tHe ERO collected A Mass Of family pedigrees and prOvideD tRAiniNG fOr eugEnics fiELd WORkeRs WhO weRe SEnT to anAlyZe indivIduals at vaRioUs Institutions, SUcH as mental hOspItals and orphAnaGe instItUtiONs, acrOss The UnIted StATes. EugEnicists sUcH As DaveNPort, the PSYcHoloGist Henry H. Goddard, hArRY H. Laughlin, and tHe consErVAtIONisT MaDison Grant (AlL of whOM were weLL-rESPEctED during their tIme) began to lOBby For varIoUs sOLutionS to thE pROblEm of the "unfiT." DavEnport favOred imMIgratioN RestricTion anD stEriLizaTIoN aS prImARy mEThOds; gOddArd favorEd SeGregaTion IN HIS The kalLikaK FamiLy; Grant favoreD alL of tHE abOve anD more, Even EnTertaIning tHe ideA oF extermination. THe EuGenics RecOrd ofFicE lAter bECame thE CoLd SPring HaRbor LabORatOrY UNTiL its closure in 1971.

As stuDeNTS bEgan to laBel theMSeLvES as “EugenIsTs”, PRofeSSOr KarL PeaRSoN can be seEn as thEIr DiRector iN tHe fielD. AS thE foUndatIOn of The EugEnic struCture, HE states 3 claims, (1) “WE Depart from the OLd SOCiOLogy, In tHat we desserT verBAl diScusSIoN foR StatiSticaL fACtS.” (2) shall apply new methodS oF statiStics, Creating a new cAlculus. (3) thrEE FUndamentAl biOLoGIcal ideas (a)relaTive wEight of natURe and nurTure mUst be sciEntificalLY Measured TheRefOre InhERItAnce is more vitAL Than EnVironmeNt. (b) No demonStrAblE inHerItAnce of acqUired chaRaCtErS eXisT. EnviROnment caN mOdiFy The BodilY CharacTers oF an eXiStINg gEneratiON bUT Not tHe GeRm plAsm Of The neXt geNEraTion. (c) alL human quaLitIEs arE iNhErited iN a marked and prObAbly equal dEgRee. these iDEAs createD a lot of controversy at the TIme.

EugeNicS was wIdelY accepted In tHe U.S. acAdeMIc commUnity. BY 1928, therE wEre 376 SEParatE UNiVerSiTy courses iN SOme Of the unIted states' lEading schools, enrolLIng More than 20,000 studeNts, WhicH INcLudED eUGenIcS In tHE Curriculum. It did, However, havE sCIeNtific detrACtoRs (Notably, thomas HUnt MoRGan, one oF the few MeNdelians tO eXpliCITly Criticize eUgenics), tHough most OF thesE FoCused MorE on whaT tHey ConsiDered tHE crUde meThodolOgY of eugEniciStS, and the cHaracterization of almost Every hUman cHarActeristiC as BEinG hereditaRy, raTher than thE idEa oF eugeNicS ItselF.

By 1910, tHErE waS A largE and DYnamic netWOrK of SCIeNtists, reforMERS, anD profEssIOnals eNgagEd in national eugenICs projects and aCtivELY prOmoTIng eUgEnic legislatioN. ThE AMERican BreEdEr's AssociatIon
 organizations in the Amer ican eugen ics m ove men t.  Inyear s to come, the EROcollected a mass of fa milype d igre e sand p rovided tr a i nin gfo r e ug e ni cs fi eld  worker s who were  se nt  to analyzei nd ividuals a t v arious insti tut ions,su cha s men tal  hosp italsa nd orp hanage in st i tution s , acros s th e Un ited States. Euge n ic i sts such as Da venpor t, th e psy cho logist Hen ry  H. G o ddard,H ar r y H.L aughlin, andthe conserv a tio nist M ad iso n  Grant  (all  o f  wh om were wel l-re spected d uringt heir ti m e) bega n to l obb y f or v a ri ou s s ol u tio n stot heproblemof  t he "u nfit . " D aven por t fa vored  immigrationres tric t ion  andsteri liza ti on as  prima ry me th ods; Goddard fa vore d segrega tio ninhi s The Kallik akFam ily; Gr ant fav o red  a l l of  the above and mor e, e ve n entert aining th ei dea of e xt erm inat i o n. Th e Eu g en ics Reco rd Off i ce  l ater be ca me the  C old  Sp ringH arbo r Labo ratory u ntili ts closure in1 971.

As stud e nt s be g an t o l abel themse lves as “ Euge n is ts” ,  Prof essor  K a rl Pearson can be seen  a s thei r dir ector in thefield. Ast h e  foundat iono ft he Eugenic str uctur e, he stat e s 3 clai ms, ( 1) “We d epart fro m the oldsoc iol ogy , i n th at we dessert v erba ldiscuss ion  for st ati sti cal  fa ct s.” (2) S hall app ly  n ew  m eth ods o f  statist ic s,cr eat ing a new ca lculu s. ( 3)  t h ree  fundam e nt a l  bio lo gi calide as  (a)r elat i veweightof nature  an d  nur tu re  must b e scientifica ll y measured  t her eforei n heritanc e is more vital than en v ironmen t.(b) n o de monstrabl e i nherit anc e  of ac quired  char ac ter s exist . En vir on ment can m o d ify  thebo dily  charac ters of an existin g  ge neration butnot  the g er m p l as m  of  t h e n e x t generation. ( c) all hum an qu alities ar e  in he rited i n a mar ked a n d proba bly equal  degree.Th esei d eas  created a  lot ofcontrover s y att he  time .
Eugeni cs  wa s wid ely ac c ept ed in  the U .S . acad emicco mmunity.  By 1928, there were 37 6 sepa rateuni versity c our s esin some o f th e United S tat es'  lead ing schoo ls,e nr oll i ng mo re t h an 20,000 st ude n t s,  which incl u d e d e ugeni csi n thecurr iculum. It did, h o wever, have sc ient i f icdet r acto rs  (notably, Tho mas  H u n t Morgan ,one of thefew Mend el i ans t o expl icitly  critic i z ee ugenic s),tho ugh mostofth e se focu se dm ore on  wha tthey c onside r ed t h e  crude methodolo gy of e ugeni c ist s, an dthe cha r acte rization o f almost ev ery hu manchara cterist ic  as be ing  h ereditary, rather th an th e ideaof  eug eni cs its elf. By 19 10,th ere  was a la r g ea nd  d y nam ic n etwor kof s cientists ,  reforme rs, and pro fe ssi o n als en g ag e d  in nation aleugen i c s projects anda ct i velypromot ing eu genic l e gis la tion. T heA m erican Br eeder's A s soc ia tion 
 organizations_in the_American eugenics movement. In_years to_come,_the ERO_collected_a mass of_family pedigrees and_provided training for eugenics_field workers who_were_sent to analyze individuals at various institutions, such as mental hospitals and orphanage institutions,_across_the United_States._Eugenicists_such as Davenport, the psychologist_Henry H. Goddard, Harry H._Laughlin, and_the conservationist Madison Grant (all of whom were_well-respected_during their time)_began to lobby for various solutions to the problem_of the "unfit." Davenport favored immigration_restriction and sterilization_as_primary_methods; Goddard favored segregation_in his The Kallikak Family; Grant_favored all of the above and_more, even entertaining the idea of extermination._The Eugenics Record Office later became_the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory_until its_closure in 1971.

As students began_to label themselves_as “Eugenists”,_Professor Karl Pearson_can be seen as their director_in the field._As the foundation of the Eugenic_structure,_he states 3_claims,_(1)_“We depart_from the old_sociology,_in that_we_dessert verbal discussion for statistical facts.”_(2)_Shall apply new methods of statistics, creating_a new calculus. (3)_three_fundamental biological ideas (a)relative_weight of nature and nurture_must be scientifically measured therefore inheritance_is more_vital than_environment. (b) no demonstrable inheritance of acquired characters exist. Environment can_modify the bodily characters of an_existing generation but not_the germ_plasm_of the next_generation._(c) all_human qualities are inherited in a marked_and probably_equal degree. These ideas created a_lot of controversy at_the_time.

Eugenics was widely accepted in the_U.S. academic community. By 1928, there_were 376 separate university courses_in_some_of the United States' leading_schools, enrolling more than 20,000 students,_which included eugenics_in the curriculum. It did, however, have_scientific_detractors (notably, Thomas Hunt Morgan, one_of_the few Mendelians to explicitly criticize_eugenics),_though_most of these focused more_on what they considered the crude_methodology of eugenicists, and the characterization of almost every_human characteristic as_being hereditary, rather than the_idea_of_eugenics itself.

By 1910, there was a large and dynamic network_of scientists,_reformers, and professionals_engaged in national eugenics projects and actively promoting eugenic legislation._The American Breeder's Association