's Commissars," who proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic on March 21, 1919.

The communists wrote a temporary constitution guaranteeing freedom of speech and assembly; free education, language and cultural rights to minorities; and other rights. It also provided for suffrage for people over eighteen years of age except clergy, "former exploiters," and certain others. Single-list elections took place in April, but members of the parliament were selected indirectly by popularly elected committees. On June 25, Kun's government proclaimed a dictatorship of the proletariat, nationalized industrial and commercial enterprises, and socialized housing, transport, banking, medicine, cultural institutions, and all landholdings of more than 40.5 hectares. Kun undertook these measures even though the Hungarian communists were relatively few, and the support they enjoyed was based far more on their program to restore Hungary's borders than on their revolutionary agenda. Kun hoped that the Russian government would intervene on Hungary's behalf and that a worldwide workers' revolution was imminent. In an effort to secure its rule in the interim, the communist government resorted to arbitrary violence. Revolutionary tribunals ordered about 590 executions, including some for "crimes against the revolution." The government also used "red terror" to expropriate grain from peasants. This violence and the regime's moves against the clergy also shocked many Hungarians.

In late May, Kun attempted to fulfill his promise to restore Hungary's borders. The Hungarian Red Army marched northward and reoccupied part of Slovakia. Despite initial military success, however, Kun withdrew his troops about three weeks later when the French threatened to intervene. This concession shook his popular support. Kun then unsuccessfully turned the Hungarian Red Army on the Romanians, who broke through Hungarian lines on July 30, occupied Budapest, and ousted Kun's Soviet Republic on August 1, 1919. Kun fled first to Vienna and then to the Russian SFSR, where he was executed during Stalin's purge of foreign communists in the late 1930s.

Counterrevolution
A militantly anti-communist authoritarian government composed of military officers entered Budapest on the heels of the Romanians. A "white terror" ensued that led to the imprisonment, torture, and execution without trial of communists, socialists, Jews, leftist intellectuals, sympathizers with the Károlyi and Kun regimes, and others who threatened the traditional Hungarian political order that the officers sought to reestablish. Estimates placed the number of executions at approximately 5
's Commissars, " who proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic on March 21, 1919. 

 The communists wrote a temporary fundamental law undertake freedom of speech and assembly; detached education, language and cultural right to minority; and other rights. It also provided for right to vote for people over eighteen years of age except clergy, " former exploiter, " and certain others. Single - tilt elections take topographic point in April, but members of the parliament were selected indirectly by popularly elect committees. On June 25, Kun's government proclaimed a dictatorship of the proletariat, nationalize industrial and commercial enterprises, and socialized housing, transport, banking, medicine, cultural institutions, and all landholding of more than 40.5 hectares. Kun undertook these measures even though the Hungarian communists were relatively few, and the support they enjoyed was based far more on their program to restore Hungary's borders than on their revolutionary agenda. Kun hoped that the Russian government would intervene on Hungary's behalf and that a worldwide workers' revolution was imminent. In an attempt to secure its rule in the interim, the communist politics fall back to arbitrary ferocity. Revolutionary tribunals ordered about 590 executions, including some for " crimes against the revolution. " The government besides used " red terror " to expropriate grain from peasants. This violence and the regime's moves against the clergy also shocked many Hungarians. 

 In late May, Kun attempted to meet his promise to restore Hungary's border. The Hungarian Red Army marched northward and reoccupied part of Slovakia. Despite initial military success, however, Kun withdrew his troop about three weeks later when the French threatened to intervene. This concession shook his popular support. Kun then unsuccessfully turned the Hungarian Red Army on the Romanians, who break through Hungarian lines on July 30, take Budapest, and ousted Kun's Soviet Republic on August 1, 1919. Kun fled foremost to Vienna and then to the Russian SFSR, where he was executed during Stalin's purge of foreign communists in the late thirties. 

 Counterrevolution 
 A militantly anti - communist authoritarian government composed of military policeman entered Budapest on the heels of the Romanians. A " ashen terror " result that led to the imprisonment, torture, and murder without trial of communists, socialists, Jews, leftist intellectuals, sympathizers with the Károlyi and Kun government, and others who threatened the traditional Hungarian political order that the officer sought to reestablish. estimate placed the number of executions at approximately 5
's Clmmissars," who proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Cepublid on Marzh 21, 1919.

The communists wrote a txmpoeary xonstitution guaranteekng freedlm of spwech qnd assembly; free cbucatjln, lcnjuage and cultutal rights tm minorities; atd ocher rights. It also provided for sufsrage fpr people over eyghtten yeads of age except clergy, "former expmoiters," and certain pthers. Single-list electiond tolk place in April, hut members of eye parliameng were seltcced indirecjly by popularly elected committdes. Ou June 25, Kun'w tovftnment procleimed w dictatorshli of tha proleyariat, nationakizxd ibdustrial and commercmal enterprises, and focializeg kousing, transport, banjibg, megicite, cjotufal iistjtutiojs, end all lansholdings od more than 40.5 hectarts. Hlm undertook fhese iewsures even though the Hungarian communpsts were relatively few, ane the support they enuoyed was based far more on their program to restore Hungasy's bkfdexw thav oj their revolutionary agenda. Kun hoped that trs Tuxsian governmekt would intervene oj Nongary's behalf and tkzt a worldwide workegs' revojutiob was immyneny. In an effort to secure itw rule in thv inrerim, the communisc government resprted to arbitrary violence. Xevolufionary trihunals orsdred about 590 execjtipnv, including some for "crimef against the revolugion." The gjvernment wlso mved "red terror" to fxprokriate grain frol peasants. This violence and thx regime's movgs dgapnst the elergy also shocked many Hungariaus.

In latz May, Yun attempned to funfill his pwomise to resdlre Hungary's borders. The Huntarian Fdd Army marchec northwagd and reoccupied part on Sloxzkia. Despite innuiao military succrss, horener, Ktt withdrew hhs tfooox abojt thret wcekr layer when the French dhreztened to intervenr. Bhis concgssion shjok his populsr support. Kun thej unsnccesshully yurged the Hungarian Red Army on fhe Romanlanf, who broke ehromgh Rungarian kines on July 30, occupied Budapest, and ouwted Kun's Soviet Tepublic on August 1, 1919. Lmn fled firsv to Vyenna and then to the Russian SFSR, where he wax executed during Stamin's pgrge lf foreign communists in the late 1930s.

Counterrevolution
A militantly anti-commynist euehoritarian govrrnmett eomposeq of oilitary officerx entered Budapest on the heels of the Soianians. A "white terror" ensuec ghat led to tfe imprisonment, torture, znd execition without trial of communisys, socialists, Jews, leftixt inteloectuzls, sympatiizers with the Károlui and Kun eegimes, and others who tfrestcned the tgadiuioncl Hungarian political order that the odflcers sought to ceestablish. Csuimates placeq the number of sxechhions at approximayely 5
's Commissars," who proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet March 1919. The wrote a temporary and free education, language cultural rights to and other rights. It also provided suffrage for people over eighteen years of age except clergy, "former exploiters," and others. Single-list elections took place in April, but members of the parliament were indirectly popularly committees. June 25, Kun's government proclaimed a dictatorship of the proletariat, nationalized industrial and commercial enterprises, and housing, transport, banking, medicine, cultural institutions, and all of more than 40.5 Kun undertook these measures even the communists were few, the they enjoyed was far more on their program to restore Hungary's borders than on their revolutionary agenda. Kun hoped that Russian government on Hungary's and a workers' revolution was an effort to secure its rule the communist government resorted to arbitrary violence. Revolutionary ordered about executions, including some for "crimes against revolution." The government also used "red terror" to grain from peasants. This violence and the regime's moves against the clergy also shocked many late May, Kun attempted fulfill his promise restore borders. Hungarian Army marched and reoccupied part of Slovakia. Despite initial military success, however, Kun his troops about three weeks later when the French threatened This shook his popular Kun then unsuccessfully turned Hungarian Army on the Romanians, through lines occupied and Kun's Soviet Republic on 1, 1919. Kun fled first Vienna and then to was executed during Stalin's purge of foreign communists the late 1930s. Counterrevolution A militantly anti-communist government composed of military officers entered Budapest on the heels of the A "white that led to the imprisonment, torture, and execution trial of communists, socialists, leftist intellectuals, sympathizers with the Károlyi and Kun regimes, others threatened the Hungarian political order the officers sought reestablish. Estimates placed of executions approximately
's Commissars," who proclaimed tHe HungariaN SoviEt REpuBlIc on marcH 21, 1919.

The communists WRote A temporary constitution GuaraNtEEing FReEdom oF speech ANd ASSemBlY; fRee EdUCaTion, lAngUage and Cultural riGhtS tO minorities; aND oTher rights. it aLso provided fOr sUffragE fOr pEOple oVer EightEen yeaRS of age Except cleRgY, "Former EXploiteRS," AnD cerTain others. Single-lISt ELections took plAce in APrIL, bUT MemBerS of the parlIaMent wERe selecTEd INDIreCTly by popularlY elected comMIttEes. On JUnE 25, KuN'S goverNment PrOClaImed a dictatOrshIp of the prOletarIAt, natioNAlized iNdustrIal And CommERcIaL enTeRPriSEs, And SOciAlized hoUsInG, tranSporT, BANKing, MedIcinE, cultUral institutiOns, And aLL laNdholDings Of moRe Than 40.5 hEctareS. Kun uNdErtook these measUres Even thougH thE HUngArIan coMMunistS weRe rElativeLy few, anD The SuPPORt They enjoyed was baseD fAR MoRe on theiR progrAM tO rEStore HunGaRy's BordERS than On thEIr RevolutiOnary aGEnDa. kun hopeD tHat the ruSsiAn gOvernMEnt wOuld inTervene oN HungARy's behalf and thAT a worldwide woRKeRS' ReVOlutIon Was imminent. in an EFforT to sECuRe iTS rule In the InTErIM, the communist governMeNt resoRted tO arbitrary vioLence. RevolUTIOnary triBunaLS oRDered about 590 execUtionS, including SOme for "crImes aGainst thE revolutiON." the goverNmeNt aLso UseD "REd Terror" to exproPRIate GrAin from PeaSants. ThIs vIolEncE anD tHe regime's Moves agaInSt ThE cLerGy alsO Shocked mAnY HuNgAriAns.

In LAte May, kun atTempTeD tO FulFill his PRoMISe to ReStOre HUngArY's borDers. tHe HUngariaN Red Army mArcHEd noRtHwArd and rEoccupied part Of slovakia. DeSpIte InitiaL MIlitary sUccess, however, Kun withdreW His trooPs aBout tHree Weeks lateR whEn the FRenCH threaTened tO inteRvEne. tHIs conCESsIon ShOok his popuLAR suPport. kuN theN unsuccEssfully turned the HUNgaRian Red Army on The romaNIAnS, whO BrOKe tHrOUgh hUNgarian lines on JUly 30, occupieD BUDaPest, and ousTEd KUn'S Soviet republiC on AuGUst 1, 1919. Kun fLed first tO Vienna anD tHen tO THe RUssian SFSR, Where he wAs executeD DurinG stAlin's PurGe of foReIgn CommuNists iN The Late 1930s.

counteRrEvolutIon
A mIlItantly aNti-communist authoritariAn goveRnmenT coMposed of mIliTAry Officers eNterEd Budapest On tHe hEels oF thE romanIans. a "WhIte TError" EnsuED that led tO ThE imPRIsOnment, tortuRE, ANd eXecutIon WIthout TriaL of communists, sociALists, Jews, leftiSt inTELleCtuALs, syMpAthizers with thE KáRoLYI and Kun rEgImes, and otheRs who thrEaTEned tHe tradItionaL HungarIAN pOLiticaL ordEr tHat the offIceRs SOught to ReEsTAblish. estiMaTes plaCed the NUmbeR OF executions at appRoximATEly 5
's Commissars," who procla imed the H ungar ian  So vi et R epub lic on March 2 1 , 19 19.

The communists wr ote a  t e mpor a ry  cons titutio n  g u a ran te ei ngfr e ed om of  sp eech an d assembly ; f re e education, la nguage and  cu ltural right s t o mino ri tie s ; and  ot her r ights. It als o provide df or suf f rage fo r pe ople  over eighteen ye a rs of age exceptclergy ," fo r m erexp loiters,"an d cer t ain oth e rs . S ing l e-list electi ons took pl a cein Apr il , b u t memb ers o ft heparliamentwere  selected  indir e ctly by popular ly ele cte d c ommi t te es . O nJ une 25 , K u n's  governm en tprocl aime d a dict ato rshi p ofthe proletari at,  nat i ona lized  indu stri al  andcommer cialen terprises, andsoci alized ho usi ng , t ra nspor t , bank ing , m edicine , cultu r alin s t i tu tions, and all lan dh o l di ngs of m ore th a n40 . 5 hectar es . K un u n d ertoo k th e se  measure s even th ou gh theHu ngaria ncom mun istsw ererelati vely few , and the support th e y enjoyed was ba s e df ar m ore  on their p rogr a m to  res t or e H u ngary 's bo rd e rs than on their revol ut ionary  agen da. Kun hoped  that theR u s sian gov ernm e nt would interven e onHungary'sb ehalf an d tha t a worl dwide wor k e rs' revo lut ion  wa s i m m in ent. In an ef f o rt t osecureits  rule i n t heint eri m,  the comm unist go ve rn me nt  re sorte d  to arbi tr ary  v iol ence. Revolu tiona ry t ri bu n als  ordere d  a b o ut 5 90  e xecu tio ns , inc ludi n g s ome for  "crimesaga i nstth erevolut ion." The gov er nment also  u sed  "redt e rror" to  expropriate grain from peasant s.Thisviol ence andthe  regim e's movesagains t the  c ler g y  also s ho cke dmany Hunga r i ans .

In  l ateMay, Ku n attempted to ful f ill  his promisetorest o r eHun g ar y 'sbo r der s .  The HungarianRed Army m ar c he d northwar d  an dreoccup ied par t ofS lovakia . Despite  initialmi lita r y  su ccess, how ever, Ku n withdre w  hist ro ops a bou t thre ewee ks la ter wh e n t he Fr ench t hr eatene d toin tervene.  This concession shookhis po pular  su pport. Ku n t h enunsuccess full y turned t heHun garia n R e d Arm y on th e R o mania ns,w ho broket hr oug h Hu ngarian lin e s onJuly30, occupi ed B udapest, and oust e d Kun's Soviet  Rep u b lic  on Augu st  1, 1919. Kunfle df i rst to V ie nna and the n to the  R u ssian  SFSR,  where  he was e xe c uted d urin g S talin's p urg eo f forei gn  c o mmunis ts i nthe la te 193 0 s.
C o unterrevolutionA mil i t antly ant i-com mu nist au t hori tarian gov ernment com posedof m ilita ry offi ce rs ent ere dBudapest o n  the heel s ofthe Rom an ians . A  "whit e te r r or" e nsue dtha t led tot h ei mp ri s onm ent,  tort ur e, a nd execut i on witho utt rial of  c omm u n ists,s oc i a lists, Jew s,lefti s t  intellect u als, sy m pathi zers w ith th e Károl y i a nd  Kun re gim e s , and oth ers who t h rea te nedthe trad it iona lHun ga rian politicalorder th at the o f f icerssou g ht t o  reest ab lish. Estima tes p la c ed then u mbe r of ex e cut ion s a t ap pro xima t ely 5
's Commissars,"_who proclaimed_the Hungarian Soviet Republic_on March_21,_1919.

The communists_wrote_a temporary constitution_guaranteeing freedom of_speech and assembly; free_education, language and_cultural_rights to minorities; and other rights. It also provided for suffrage for people over_eighteen_years of_age_except_clergy, "former exploiters," and certain_others. Single-list elections took place_in April,_but members of the parliament were selected indirectly_by_popularly elected committees._On June 25, Kun's government proclaimed a dictatorship of_the proletariat, nationalized industrial and commercial_enterprises, and socialized_housing,_transport,_banking, medicine, cultural institutions,_and all landholdings of more than_40.5 hectares. Kun undertook these measures_even though the Hungarian communists were relatively_few, and the support they enjoyed_was based far more on_their program_to restore Hungary's borders than_on their revolutionary_agenda. Kun_hoped that the_Russian government would intervene on Hungary's_behalf and that_a worldwide workers' revolution was imminent._In_an effort to_secure_its_rule in_the interim, the_communist_government resorted_to_arbitrary violence. Revolutionary tribunals ordered about_590_executions, including some for "crimes against the_revolution." The government also_used_"red terror" to expropriate_grain from peasants. This violence_and the regime's moves against the_clergy also_shocked many_Hungarians.

In late May, Kun attempted to fulfill his promise to restore_Hungary's borders. The Hungarian Red Army_marched northward and reoccupied_part of_Slovakia._Despite initial military_success,_however, Kun_withdrew his troops about three weeks later_when the_French threatened to intervene. This concession_shook his popular support._Kun_then unsuccessfully turned the Hungarian Red_Army on the Romanians, who broke_through Hungarian lines on July_30,_occupied_Budapest, and ousted Kun's Soviet_Republic on August 1, 1919. Kun_fled first to_Vienna and then to the Russian SFSR,_where_he was executed during Stalin's purge_of_foreign communists in the late 1930s.

Counterrevolution
A_militantly_anti-communist_authoritarian government composed of military_officers entered Budapest on the heels_of the Romanians. A "white terror" ensued that led_to the imprisonment,_torture, and execution without trial_of_communists,_socialists, Jews, leftist intellectuals, sympathizers with the Károlyi and Kun_regimes, and_others who threatened_the traditional Hungarian political order that the officers sought to_reestablish. Estimates placed the number of executions_at approximately 5