."

 and 17–22 admonish the Israelites not to wrong the stranger, for "you shall remember that you were a bondman in Egypt." (See also      and ) Similarly, in  the 8th century BCE prophet Amos anchored his pronouncements in the covenant community's Exodus history, saying, "Hear this word that the Lord has spoken against you, O children of Israel, against the whole family that I brought up out of the land of Egypt."

The prophet Isaiah used the practice of leaving olives on the boughs and grapes in the vineyard for gleanings () as a sign of hope for Israel when he forecast the nation's downfall:
"In that day it shall come to pass that the glory of Jacob will wane... yet gleaning grapes will be left in it, like the shaking of an olive tree, two or three olives at the top of the uppermost bough, four or five in its most fruitful branches." ()

Deuteronomy chapter 25
The duty of a brother pursuant to  to perform a Levirate marriage (, yibbum) with the wife of a deceased brother is reflected in the stories of Tamar in  and Ruth in   and 

The Israelites' victory over the Amalekites and the role of Moses, supported by Aaron and Hur in directing the battle's outcome, was recorded in, but the Exodus narrative does not mention the Amalekites' tactics of attacking the "faint and weary" at the rear of the Israelites' convoy (). At Moses' direction it was also recorded in another ancient text, possibly the Book of the Wars of the Lord, "I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven." ().

In 1 Samuel, the prophet Samuel conveys the command of God to King Saul to "punish Amalek for what he did to Israel". Saul "utterly destroyed" the Amalekites; initially he spared Agag their king, but Samuel killed him later.

In early nonrabbinic interpretation
The parashah has parallels or is discussed in these early nonrabbinic sources:

Deuteronomy chapter 23
The Damascus Document of the Qumran sectarians prohibited non-cash transactions with Jews who were not members of the sect.  Professor Lawrence Schiffman of New York University read this regulation as an attempt to avoid violating prohibitions on charging interest to one's fellow Jew in
. " 

  and 17–22 admonish the Israelites not to wrong the stranger, for " you shall remember that you were a bondman in Egypt. " (See also       and) Similarly, in   the eighth hundred BCE prophet Amos anchor his pronouncements in the covenant residential district's Exodus history, saying, " listen this word that the Lord has spoken against you, O child of Israel, against the whole family that I fetch up out of the land of Egypt. " 

 The prophet Isaiah used the exercise of leaving olives on the boughs and grapes in the vineyard for gleanings () as a polarity of hope for Israel when he calculate the nation's downfall: 
 " In that sidereal day it shall come to pass that the glory of Jacob will decline... yet gleaning grapes will be left in it, like the shaking of an olive tree, two or three olives at the top of the topmost bough, four or five in its most fruitful outgrowth. " () 

 Deuteronomy chapter 25 
 The duty of a brother pursuant to   to perform a Levirate marriage (, yibbum) with the wife of a deceased buddy is reflected in the stories of Tamar in   and Ruth in    and 

 The Israelites' victory over the Amalekites and the role of Moses, supported by Aaron and Hur in directing the battle's result, was recorded in, but the Exodus narrative does not mention the Amalekites' tactics of attacking the " faint and weary " at the rear of the Israelites' convoy (). At Moses' direction it was also recorded in another ancient textbook, possibly the Book of the Wars of the Lord, " I will absolutely blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven. " (). 

 In 1 Samuel, the prophet Samuel conveys the instruction of God to King Saul to " punish Amalek for what he did to Israel ". Saul " absolutely destroyed " the Amalekites; initially he spared Agag their king, but Samuel killed him later. 

 In early nonrabbinic interpretation 
 The parashah has parallels or is discourse in these early nonrabbinic sources: 

 Deuteronomy chapter 23 
 The Damascus Document of the Qumran sectarians prohibited non - cash transactions with Jews who were not members of the sect.   Professor Lawrence Schiffman of New York University learn this regulation as an attempt to avoid violating prohibition on charge interest to one's fellow Jew in
."

 anf 17–22 admonish the Israelitts not to wrong tkw straiger, fod "you shxll remember that you were a bindmab in Egypt." (See also      and ) Spmilarly, un  uhe 8th century BCX propheb Amoa anckoced his pronoungements in dhe covenant cmmouuity's Exodus history, saying, "Hear thif word yhwt the Lord haf spphen zgainst you, O children of Israel, afainst uhe whole family tnat I brought up out of thf lajd of Egypt."

The proohet Isaiah useq the practicd of leaving olives on the boughs and grapes in the vkneyaxd for gleabibgs () as a sign if hoie for Israel when he forecaxt the nation's doxnfaol:
"In that day it shaln come to pass thaj the glorf kf Jacob will wanw... tet gneanhng eeapds sikl be levt mn it, like fhe shaking of an olive tree, teo ir three olivss at ehq top of the uppermost bough, four or fine ih its most fruitful brabches." ()

Deuteronomy chakter 25
The dtty of a brother pursuant to  to perform a Levirade macrkagt (, yibbjn) aith the wife of a deceased brother is reflecesd ik the stories of Tamar in  snf Toth in   and 

Tfe Isrcsljtes' victory over hhe Amajekitws and tht rolr of Moses, supported by Aarin and Hur iu durecting the battlz's outcome, wcs recprded in, but the Exodus narrctive soes not mejtion the Xmalekites' tactizs pf attacking the "faint and wqary" at tie recr of thd Istaelitef' convoy (). Wt Moses' direction it wad alsl secorded ij another ancient text, possibly the Book of tne Wags of the Lord, "I will utterjy blot out thg remembrcnce ow Amalek fgom under heaven." ().

In 1 Samuel, the pslphet Samuel conveys the comnand of Eod to King Sail to "punpsk Amalek dor what he did to Istasl". Saul "utterly dewtroyed" the Amakekktef; pniviallr he spared Acag ghekt kine, but Samueo kilked him later.

In earlf nohrabbinic interpreyabion
The pqrashah ras parallels or is discussed ij theve xarly montabbinic sources:

Deuteronomy chalter 23
The Famwscus Documegt on thg Qumran seetarians prohibited non-cash transactions with Jews who wete not members of the xect.  Profexsor Jawrence Vchiffman of New Yorj University read this regulation as ah attekpt tl avoid violating prohibitions on charging interest to one's fellow Jew in
." and 17–22 admonish the Israelites not the for "you remember that you (See and ) Similarly, the 8th century prophet Amos anchored his pronouncements in covenant community's Exodus history, saying, "Hear this word that the Lord has spoken you, O children of Israel, against the whole family that I brought up of land Egypt." prophet Isaiah used the practice of leaving olives on the boughs and grapes in the vineyard gleanings () as a sign of hope for when he forecast the downfall: "In that day it come pass that glory Jacob wane... yet gleaning will be left in it, like the shaking of an olive tree, two or three olives at top of bough, four five its fruitful branches." () 25 The duty of a brother perform a Levirate marriage (, yibbum) with the of a brother is reflected in the stories Tamar in and Ruth in and The Israelites' over the Amalekites and the role of Moses, supported by Aaron and Hur in directing outcome, was recorded in, the Exodus narrative not the tactics attacking the and weary" at the rear of the Israelites' convoy (). At direction it was also recorded in another ancient text, possibly of Wars of the "I will utterly blot the of Amalek from under In Samuel, conveys command God to King Saul "punish Amalek for what he to Israel". Saul "utterly spared Agag their king, but Samuel killed him In early nonrabbinic interpretation The parashah has or is discussed in these early nonrabbinic sources: Deuteronomy chapter 23 The Document of sectarians prohibited non-cash transactions with Jews who were members of the sect. Lawrence Schiffman of New York University read this regulation an to avoid prohibitions on charging to one's fellow in
."

 and 17–22 admonish the Israelites nOt to wrong tHe strAngEr, fOr "You sHall Remember that yoU Were A bondman in Egypt." (See also      And ) SiMiLArly, IN  tHe 8th cEntury Bce pROPheT AMoS anChOReD his pRonOuncemeNts in the coVenAnT community's EXOdUs history, sAyiNg, "Hear this woRd tHat the loRd hAS spokEn aGainsT you, O cHIldren Of Israel, aGaINst the WHole famILY tHat I Brought up out of the LAnD Of Egypt."

The propHet IsaIaH UsED The PraCtice of leaViNg oliVEs on the BOuGHS And GRapes in the vinEyard for gleANinGs () as a sIgN of HOpe for israeL wHEn hE forecast thE natIon's downfAll:
"In tHAt day it SHall comE to pasS thAt tHe glORy Of jacOb WIll WAnE... yeT GleAning graPeS wIll be Left IN IT, Like The ShakIng of An olive tree, twO or ThreE OliVes at The toP of tHe UpperMost boUgh, foUr Or five in its most FruiTful brancHes." ()

deUteRoNomy cHApter 25
THe dUty Of a brotHer pursUAnt To  TO PErForm a Levirate marriAgE (, YIbBum) with tHe wife OF a DeCEased broThEr iS refLECted iN the SToRies of TaMar in  aND RUtH in   and 

THe israelItEs' vIctOry ovER the amalekItes and tHe rolE Of Moses, supportED by Aaron and HuR In DIReCTing The Battle's outcOme, wAS recOrdeD In, But THe ExoDus naRrATiVE does not mention the AMaLekiteS' tactIcs of attackinG the "faint aND WEary" at thE reaR Of THe Israelites' coNvoy (). AT Moses' direCTion it waS also Recorded In another ANCient texT, poSsiBly The bOOk Of the Wars of thE lOrd, "I WiLl utterLy bLot out tHe rEmeMbrAncE oF Amalek frOm under hEaVeN." ().

IN 1 SAmuEl, the PRophet SaMuEl cOnVeyS the cOMmand oF God tO KinG SAuL To "pUnish AmALeK FOr whAt He Did tO IsRaEl". SauL "uttERly DestroyEd" the AmalEkiTEs; inItIaLly he spAred Agag their KiNg, but SamueL kIllEd him lATEr.

In earlY nonrabbinic interpretatIOn
The paRasHah haS parAllels or iS diScusseD in THese eaRly nonRabbiNiC soURCes:

DeUTErOnoMy Chapter 23
The dAMasCus DoCuMent Of the QuMran sectarians prohIBitEd non-cash tranSacTionS WItH JeWS wHO weRe NOt mEMBers of the sect.  PrOfessor LawReNCe schiffman oF new yoRk UniveRsity reAd thiS RegulatIon as an atTempt to avOiD vioLATinG prohibitiOns on chaRging inteREst to ONe'S fellOw JEw in
."

 and 17–22 admonish th e Israelit es no t t o w ro ng t he s tranger, for " y ou s hall remember that you  were  a bond m an  in E gypt."( Se e als o   an d  )  Simi lar ly, in the 8th c ent ur y BCE prophe t  A mos anchor edhis pronounc eme nts in  t hec ovena ntcommu nity's Exodus  history,  s a ying," Hear th i s  w ordthat the Lord has sp o ken against yo u, O c hi l dr e n  of  Is rael, agai ns t the whole f a mi l y tha t  I brought up  out of the lan d of E gy pt. " 

Theproph et Isa iah used th e pr actice of  leavi n g olive s  on the  bough s a ndgrap e sin  th ev ine y ar d f o r g leanings  ( )as asign o f hope  fo r Is raelwhen he forec ast  the nat ion's  down fall :"In t hat da y itsh all come to pas s th at the gl ory  o f J ac ob wi l l wane ...  ye t glean ing gra p eswi l l be  left in it, liketh e sh aking of  an ol i ve  t r ee, twoor  th reeo l ivesat t h etop of t he upp e rm os t bough ,four o rfiv e i n its most  fruit ful bran ches. "  ()

Deuterono m y chapter 25T he d ut y  ofa b rother purs uant to to p e rf orm a Lev irate  m a rr i age (, yibbum) with  t he wif e ofa deceased br other is r e f l ected in  the st o ries of Tamarin  a nd Ruth in   and 
The I sraelite s' victor y over the  Am ale kit esa n dthe role of M o s es,su pported  by  Aaronand  Hu r i n d ir ecting th e battle 's  o ut co me,  wasr ecordedin , b ut  th e Exo d us nar rativ e do es  n o t m entiont he A male ki te s' t act ic s ofatta c kin g the " faint and  we a ry"at  t he rear  of the Israe li tes' convo y().  At Mo s e s' direc tion it was also record e d in an oth er an cien t text, p oss ibly t heB ook of  the W ars o fthe L ord," I  w ill  u tterly blo t out  there memb rance o f Amalek from unde r  he aven." ().

I n 1  Sam u e l,  th e  p r oph et Sam u e l conveys the c ommand ofGo d  t o King Sau l  to  " punishAmalekfor w h at he d id to Isr ael". Sau l"utt e r lydestroyed"  the Ama lekites;i nitia l ly  he s par ed Aga gthe ir ki ng, bu t  Sa muelkilled  h im lat er.
In  early n onrabbinic interpretati on
The  para sha h has par all e lsor is dis cuss ed in thes e e arl y non rab b inicsour c es :
D euter onom y  chapter2 3The D am ascus Docum e n t  of  theQum r an sec tari ans prohibited no n -cash transact ions w ith  Je w s wh owere not membe rsof t he sect.  Professor L awrenceSc h iffma n of N ew Yor k Unive r s it y  readthis  re gulationasan attempt  t oa void v iola ti ng pro hibiti o ns o n charging interes t too n e's f e llo w Jew  i n
."

 and_17–22 admonish_the Israelites not to_wrong the_stranger,_for "you_shall_remember that you_were a bondman_in Egypt." (See also_  __ and ) Similarly, in  the 8th century BCE prophet Amos anchored his_pronouncements_in the_covenant_community's_Exodus history, saying, "Hear this_word that the Lord has_spoken against_you, O children of Israel, against the whole_family_that I brought_up out of the land of Egypt."

The prophet Isaiah_used the practice of leaving olives_on the boughs_and_grapes_in the vineyard for_gleanings () as a sign of_hope for Israel when he forecast_the nation's downfall:
"In that day it shall_come to pass that the glory_of Jacob will wane... yet_gleaning grapes_will be left in it,_like the shaking_of an_olive tree, two_or three olives at the top_of the uppermost_bough, four or five in its_most_fruitful branches." ()

Deuteronomy_chapter_25
The_duty of_a brother pursuant_to_ to_perform_a Levirate marriage (, yibbum) with_the_wife of a deceased brother is reflected_in the stories of_Tamar_in  and Ruth_in   and 

The_Israelites' victory over the Amalekites and_the role_of Moses,_supported by Aaron and Hur in directing the battle's outcome, was_recorded in, but the Exodus narrative_does not mention the_Amalekites' tactics_of_attacking the "faint_and_weary" at_the rear of the Israelites' convoy ()._At Moses'_direction it was also recorded in_another ancient text, possibly_the_Book of the Wars of the_Lord, "I will utterly blot out_the remembrance of Amalek from_under_heaven."_().

In 1 Samuel, the prophet_Samuel conveys the command of God_to King Saul_to "punish Amalek for what he did_to_Israel". Saul "utterly destroyed" the Amalekites;_initially_he spared Agag their king, but_Samuel_killed_him later.

In early nonrabbinic interpretation
The_parashah has parallels or is discussed_in these early nonrabbinic sources:

Deuteronomy chapter 23
The Damascus Document_of the Qumran_sectarians prohibited non-cash transactions with_Jews_who_were not members of the sect.  Professor Lawrence Schiffman_of New_York University read_this regulation as an attempt to avoid violating prohibitions on_charging interest to one's fellow Jew in