This concept of "streitbare Demokratie" (self-defending democracy) was developed as a late response especially to the rise of the NSDAP, but also KPD, that turned the democratic Weimar Republic into the Nazi regime.

Anti-constitutional activity

German protections for freedom of ideas and expression are superseded by various provisions against "anti-constitutional" (verfassungsfeindlich) politics. In practice the ban on "anti-constitutional" politics targets two main categories, Nazism (including Neo-Nazism) and Communism. In the Annual Report on the Protection of the Constitution these categories are discussed in the main chapters on right-wing extremism and left-wing extremism, respectively. Additionally scientology and some other groups are included as "anti-constitutional."

Communism
During the Cold War the main emphasis in the Federal Republic of Germany's struggle against "anti-constitutional" activities was placed on communist subversion; most importantly it led to the 1956 ban of the Communist Party of Germany as anti-constitutional, and the ban or surveillance of several other communist or far-left organizations. A number of far-left organizations and their publications are monitored by the Federal Office for Protection of the Constitution as "anti-constitutional." Furthermore the flag and other symbols of the German Democratic Republic with hammer and sickle were banned as anti-constitutional; in the Federal Republic of Germany the GDR flag was regarded as a secessionist flag.

National Socialism and Holocaust denial

National Socialist parties

National Socialism is banned outright in Germany as anti-constitutional; it is illegal to found or belong to a Nazi party. Any party considered to be National Socialist can be banned by the Bundesverfassungsgericht, Germany's highest court. Likewise, publications in support of such groups are automatically placed on the Index, and some may be banned altogether.

Materials which express sympathy with National Socialism, however, are a more complicated manner. Ordinarily the printing of these materials does not constitute membership of a National Socialist organization and is therefore allowed. These materials are almost always placed on the Index.

Criminal law also proscribes symbols that are strongly identified with the Nazi Party (such as the Swastika) or that are symbols used often by neo-Nazi successor organizations or racist organizations in general.

There is a debate about whether the German NPD is National Socialist and
This concept of " streitbare Demokratie " (self - defending democracy) was developed as a late reception particularly to the rise of the NSDAP, but also KPD, that turned the democratic Weimar Republic into the Nazi regimen. 

 Anti - constitutional activity 

 German protection for exemption of ideas and expression are superseded by various provisions against " anti - constituent " (verfassungsfeindlich) politics. In practice the ban on " anti - constituent " politics target two main categories, Nazism (include Neo - Nazism) and Communism. In the Annual Report on the Protection of the Constitution these categories are discussed in the chief chapters on right - wing extremism and leftover - wing extremism, respectively. Additionally scientology and some other group are included as " anti - built-in. " 

 Communism 
 During the Cold War the main emphasis in the Federal Republic of Germany's struggle against " anti - constitutional " activities was place on communist subversion; most importantly it led to the 1956 ban of the Communist Party of Germany as anti - constitutional, and the ban or surveillance of several other communist or far - left organizations. A number of far - left organizations and their publications are monitored by the Federal Office for Protection of the Constitution as " anti - constitutional. " Furthermore the flag and early symbol of the German Democratic Republic with hammer and sickle were banish as anti - built-in; in the Federal Republic of Germany the GDR flag was regarded as a secessionist flag. 

 National Socialism and Holocaust abnegation 

 National Socialist parties 

 National Socialism is banned outright in Germany as anti - constitutional; it is illegal to detect or belong to a Nazi party. Any party considered to be National Socialist can be banned by the Bundesverfassungsgericht, Germany's highest motor hotel. Likewise, publications in support of such groups are automatically placed on the Index, and some may be banned wholly. 

 Materials which express sympathy with National Socialism, however, are a more complicated manner. Ordinarily the printing of these materials does not establish membership of a National Socialist organization and is therefore allowed. These fabric are almost always placed on the Index. 

 Criminal police also forbid symbols that are strongly identified with the Nazi Party (such as the Swastika) or that are symbols used frequently by neo - Nazi successor organization or racist organizations in cosmopolitan. 

 There is a debate about whether the German NPD is National Socialist and
Thid concept of "streitbare Aemokratie" (self-bwfendiig demodracy) war developed as a late responde espexially to the rise of ghe NSDAP, but alsi KPV, that turned thx democratic Wslmar Xe'ublic into the Nazi regike.

Anti-constitudiuncl activity

German protections for frqedom og ldeas and exprgssiom are superseded by various provisions zgainst "anti-constituyional" (verfassungsfeindlicj) popitics. In practice the ban on "anty-xonstitutionxl" politics targets twk main categories, Nazism (includkng Nzo-Nazism) ane Xomlonism. In the Annuwl Report on the Prodection of the Constibutioi thwse categories are divcussed in the maig chapterv kn right-wing extrwmusm atd laft-wkbg dxtdekiam, resoecvively. Addifionally scuentology and some ptrvt groups are incluqeq as "anti-constitutional."

Communism
During uhe Ckld War the main emphasus in the Federal Repoblic of Gqrmany's struggle against "anti-constitutional" activhties das pjxxef on communist subversion; most importantly it mec no the 1956 ban of thc Communist Party pf Grtmany as anti-cunstitbfiknal, and the ban og surveyllanxe of sevtral pther communist or far-left irganizationf. A number of far-leyt organizatnons amd thrir publications are mouitores by the Feferal Offjze for Protectiov on tve Constitution as "anti-conftitutionel." Fuxthermord thg flag wnd other dymbols of the German Delocrajic Re[ublic witj hammer and sickle were banned as anti-constijuthondl; in thz Fedeval Republic of Germany the GBR flag cas reearded as z secesvionist flad.

National Sochwlism and Honocaust qeniql

Narional Rucialist partirs

National Socialisn is banned outrigmt in Fermany as anti-eubstitutional; it is iljehak em found or balone tu a Naxi party. Ann pxrty considered to be Nadionzl Socialist can br nanned by the Bunqesverfassungxgericht, Germany's jighevt rourt. Kikgwise, publications in support or such grlupf are automaeicaoly placed ou the Index, and some may be banned altogxther.

Materials which express sympathy with Kational Socmalism, however, dre a more complicatwd manner. Ordinarlly the printing of thsse maderiaps does not constitute membership of a National Socialist organization ane is tiewefore allosed. Yhese mctexials awe apoost always placvd on the Index.

Criminal law also proscritef symbols that are strongly oddntified with the Nazi Party (such as fhe Swasyika) or that are symbols used ogten by neo-Nazi successov organizqtiona or racisv organizations in grneral.

Chere us a devate about whethef tne German NOD ix Uational Socialist and
This concept of "streitbare Demokratie" (self-defending democracy) as late response to the rise KPD, turned the democratic Republic into the regime. Anti-constitutional activity German protections for of ideas and expression are superseded by various provisions against "anti-constitutional" (verfassungsfeindlich) politics. practice the ban on "anti-constitutional" politics targets two main categories, Nazism (including Neo-Nazism) Communism. the Report the Protection of the Constitution these categories are discussed in the main chapters on right-wing extremism left-wing extremism, respectively. Additionally scientology and some other are included as "anti-constitutional." During the Cold War the emphasis the Federal of struggle "anti-constitutional" activities was on communist subversion; most importantly it led to the 1956 ban of the Communist Party of Germany anti-constitutional, and or surveillance several communist far-left organizations. A far-left organizations and their publications are Federal Office for Protection of the Constitution as Furthermore the and other symbols of the German Republic with hammer and sickle were banned as in the Federal Republic of Germany the GDR flag was regarded as a secessionist flag. and Holocaust denial National parties National Socialism banned in as it is to found or belong to a Nazi party. Any party considered be National Socialist can be banned by the Bundesverfassungsgericht, Germany's Likewise, in support of groups are automatically placed the and some may be Materials express Socialism, are more complicated manner. Ordinarily printing of these materials does constitute membership of a therefore allowed. These materials are almost always placed the Index. Criminal law also proscribes symbols are strongly identified with the Nazi Party (such as the Swastika) or are symbols by neo-Nazi successor organizations or racist organizations in There is a debate whether the German NPD is National Socialist and
This concept of "streitbare DeMokratie" (seLf-defEndIng DeMocrAcy) wAs developed as a LAte rEsponse especially to the Rise oF tHE NSDap, bUt alsO KPD, thaT TuRNEd tHe DeMocRaTIc weimaR RePublic iNto the Nazi RegImE.

Anti-constitUTiOnal activiTy

GErman protectIonS for frEeDom OF ideaS anD exprEssion ARe supeRseded by vArIOus proVIsions aGAInSt "anTi-constitutional" (vERfASsungsfeindlicH) politIcS. in PRActIce The ban on "anTi-ConstITutionaL" PoLITIcs TArgets two main Categories, NAZisM (incluDiNg NEO-NazisM) and COmMUniSm. In the AnnuAl RePort on the protecTIon of thE constitUtion tHesE caTegoRIeS aRe dIsCUssED iN thE MaiN chapterS oN rIght-wIng eXTREMism And Left-Wing eXtremism, respeCtiVely. aDdiTionaLly scIentOlOgy anD some oTher gRoUps are included aS "antI-constituTioNaL."

CoMmUnism
dUring tHe COld war the mAin emphASis In THE feDeral Republic of GerMaNY'S sTruggle aGainst "ANtI-cONstitutiOnAl" aCtivITIes waS plaCEd On communIst subVErSiOn; most iMpOrtantLy It lEd tO the 1956 bAN of tHe CommUnist ParTy of GERmany as anti-conSTitutional, and THe BAN oR SurvEilLance of seveRal oTHer cOmmuNIsT or FAr-lefT orgaNiZAtIOns. A number of far-left OrGanizaTions And their publiCations are MONItored by The FEDeRAl Office for ProTectiOn of the ConSTitution As "antI-constitUtional." FuRTHermore tHe fLag And OthER SyMbols of the GerMAN DemOcRatic RePubLic with HamMer And SicKlE were bannEd as anti-CoNsTiTuTioNal; in THe FederaL REpuBlIc oF GermANy the GdR flaG was ReGaRDed As a seceSSiONIst fLaG.

NAtioNal soCialiSm anD holOcaust dEnial

NatiOnaL sociAlIsT partieS

National SociAlIsm is banneD oUtrIght in gERmany as aNti-constitutional; it is ilLEgal to fOunD or beLong To a Nazi paRty. any parTy cONsiderEd to be natioNaL SoCIAlist CAN bE baNnEd by the BunDESveRfassUnGsgeRicht, GeRmany's highest court. lIkeWise, publicatiOns In suPPOrT of SUcH GroUpS Are AUTomatically placEd on the IndEx, ANd Some may be bANneD aLtogethEr.

MaterIals wHIch exprEss sympatHy with NatIoNal SOCIalIsm, however, Are a more ComplicatED mannER. ORdinaRilY the prInTinG of thEse matERiaLs doeS not coNsTitute MembeRsHip of a NaTional Socialist organizaTion anD is thEreFore allowEd. THEse Materials Are aLmost alwayS plAceD on thE InDEx.

CriMinaL LaW alSO prosCribES symbols tHAt Are STRoNgly identifIED WitH the NAzi pArty (suCh as The Swastika) or that ARe symbols used oFten BY Neo-nazI SuccEsSor organizatioNs oR rACIst organIzAtions in genEral.

TherE iS A debaTe abouT whethEr the GeRMAn npD is NaTionAl SOcialist aNd
This concept of "streitbar e Demokrat ie" ( sel f-d ef endi ng d emocracy) wasd evel oped as a late respons e esp ec i ally to  therise of th e NSD AP ,but  a l so  KPD,  th at turn ed the dem ocr at ic Weimar Re p ub lic into t heNazi regime. 

A nti-co ns tit u tiona l a ctivi ty

Ge r man pr otections  f o r free d om of i d e as  and  expression are s u pe r seded by vario us pro vi s io n s  ag ain st "anti-c on stitu t ional"( ve r f a ssu n gsfeindlich)politics. I n  pr actice  t heb an on"anti -c o nst itutional"poli tics targ ets tw o  main c a tegorie s, Naz ism  (i nclu d in gNeo -N a zis m )and Com munism.In  t he An nual R e p ortontheProte ction of theCon stit u tio n the se ca tego ri es ar e disc ussed  i n the main chap ters  on right -wi ng  ex tr emism and le ft- win g extre mism, r e spe ct i v e ly . Additionally sci en t o lo gy and s ome ot h er  g r oups are  i ncl uded a s "an ti-c o ns titution al."
C om mu nism
Du ri ng the  C old  Wa r the main  empha sis in t he Fe d eral Republico f Germany's s t ru g g le agai nst  "anti-cons titu t iona l" a c ti vit i es wa s pla ce d  o n  communist subversi on ; most  impo rtantly it le d to the 1 9 5 6  ban oftheC om m unist Party of  Germ any as ant i -constit ution al, andthe ban o r surveill anc e o f s eve r a lother communi s t  orfa r-leftorg anizati ons . A  nu mbe rof far-le ft organ iz at io ns  an d the i r public at ion sare  moni t ored b y the  Fed er al Off ice for Pr o t ecti on  o f th e C on stitu tion as"anti-c onstituti ona l ." F ur th ermorethe flag andot her symbol softhe Ge r m an Democ ratic Republic with ham m er andsic kle w erebanned as  an ti-con sti t utiona l; inthe F ed era l Repub l i cofGe rmany theG D R f lag w as  reg arded a s a secessionist f l ag. 

National So cia lism a nd  Ho l oc a ust  d e nia l 
National Socia list parti es 
N ational So c ial is m is ba nned ou trigh t  in Ger many as a nti-const it utio n a l;it is ille gal to f ound or b e longt oa Naz i p arty.An y p artyconsid e red  to b e Nati on al Soc ialis tcan be b anned by the Bundesverf assung sgeri cht , Germany 'sh igh est court . Li kewise, pu bli cat ionsins uppor t of su chg roups  are automatic a ll y p l a ce d on the In d e x , a nd so mem ay bebann ed altogether.

M a terials whichexpr e s s s ymp a thywi th National So cia li s m , howeve r,  are a more  complic at e d man ner. O rdinar ily the p ri n ting o f th ese  material s d oe s  not co ns ti t ute me mber sh ip ofa Nati o nalS o cialist organiza tiona n d ist her efore  a llowed. Thes e material s are almos t alwa ys p laced  on the  I ndex.
Cr im inal law a l so proscr ibessymbols  t hatare  stron glyi d entif iedwi ththe NaziP a rt y  ( su c h a s th e Swa st ika)  or thata re symbo lsu sed oft en  by n eo-Naz i  s u c cessor org ani zatio n s  or racist orga n iz a tions  in ge neral. 

There isadebateabo u t  whetherthe Germa n  NP Dis N ationalSo cial is t a nd 
This concept_of "streitbare_Demokratie" (self-defending democracy) was_developed as_a_late response_especially_to the rise_of the NSDAP,_but also KPD, that_turned the democratic_Weimar_Republic into the Nazi regime.

Anti-constitutional activity

German protections for freedom of ideas and expression are_superseded_by various_provisions_against_"anti-constitutional" (verfassungsfeindlich) politics. In practice_the ban on "anti-constitutional" politics_targets two_main categories, Nazism (including Neo-Nazism) and Communism. In_the_Annual Report on_the Protection of the Constitution these categories are discussed_in the main chapters on right-wing_extremism and left-wing_extremism,_respectively._Additionally scientology and some_other groups are included as "anti-constitutional."

Communism
During_the Cold War the main emphasis_in the Federal Republic of Germany's struggle_against "anti-constitutional" activities was placed on_communist subversion; most importantly it_led to_the 1956 ban of the_Communist Party of_Germany as_anti-constitutional, and the_ban or surveillance of several other_communist or far-left_organizations. A number of far-left organizations_and_their publications are_monitored_by_the Federal_Office for Protection_of_the Constitution_as_"anti-constitutional." Furthermore the flag and other_symbols_of the German Democratic Republic with hammer_and sickle were banned_as_anti-constitutional; in the Federal_Republic of Germany the GDR_flag was regarded as a secessionist_flag.

National Socialism_and Holocaust_denial

National Socialist parties

National Socialism is banned outright in Germany as anti-constitutional;_it is illegal to found or_belong to a Nazi_party. Any_party_considered to be_National_Socialist can_be banned by the Bundesverfassungsgericht, Germany's highest_court. Likewise,_publications in support of such groups_are automatically placed on_the_Index, and some may be banned_altogether.

Materials which express sympathy with National_Socialism, however, are a more_complicated_manner._Ordinarily the printing of these_materials does not constitute membership of_a National Socialist_organization and is therefore allowed. These materials_are_almost always placed on the Index.

Criminal_law_also proscribes symbols that are strongly_identified_with_the Nazi Party (such as_the Swastika) or that are symbols_used often by neo-Nazi successor organizations or racist organizations_in general.

There is_a debate about whether the_German_NPD_is National Socialist and