 and hastily organised a coronation ceremony before Hussein Shah could return. Raja Ja'afar, in exchange for his support for Abdul Rahman (now Sultan), was appointed as Regent and wielded administrative authority. Hussein Shah was in Pahang, waiting for the monsoon winds to arrive, and was unaware of his brother's installation as the Sultan. Raja Ja'afar had written a letter to Hussein Shah, notifying him of Sultan Mahmud's death, but concealed his brother's ascension as the Sultan. Bendahara Tun Ali brought letters to Lingga, reporting Abdul Rahman's coronation during Hussein Shah's stay in Pahang. Hussein Shah sailed from Pahang to Lingga when the monsoon winds arrived, and was received by Sultan Abdul Rahman, who offered to abdicate in his favor. But he quickly backtracked after Raja Ja'afar made threats against Sultan Abdul Rahman. Hussein Shah remained in exile in the Riau Islands.

Questions pertaining to the legitimacy of Sultan Abdul Rahman's reign were raised; the royal regalia were still in the hands of Engku Putri Hamidah, the primary consort of the late Sultan, who had stated her support for Tengku Hussein as successor. In addition, Hussein Shah also had the support of the Temenggongs and Malay nobles, which made the prospect of putting a legitimate successor in place difficult.

Sultan Abdul Rahman devoted himself increasingly to religion; he had delegated all administrative duties to Raja Ja'afar by the time William Farquhar approached the Sultan to secure an alliance with the British in an attempt to reduce Dutch influence in the region.

Founding of modern Singapore

1819 treaty
In 1818, Sir Stamford Raffles persuaded the British East India Company to establish a new base in the East Indies.

On 29 January 1819, Raffles landed at Singapura, and there he befriended Temenggong Abdul Rahman. Upon learning of these Johor political tensions, Raffles had the Temenggong smuggle Hussein Shah from Riau to Singapura. Raffles then made a deal with Hussein Shah. The British would recognize Hussein Shah as Sultan of Johor, and pay stipends to Hussein Shah and the Temenggong Abdul Rahman. In return, Hussein Shah would allow Raffles to establish a trading post in Singapore. This treaty
and hastily organised a coronation ceremony before Hussein Shah could return. Raja Ja'afar, in exchange for his documentation for Abdul Rahman (nowadays Sultan), was appointed as Regent and wielded administrative authority. Hussein Shah was in Pahang, wait for the monsoon winds to arrive, and was unaware of his brother's initiation as the Sultan. Raja Ja'afar had write a letter to Hussein Shah, notifying him of Sultan Mahmud's death, but concealed his brother's rise as the Sultan. Bendahara Tun Ali brought letters to Lingga, report Abdul Rahman's coronation during Hussein Shah's arrest in Pahang. Hussein Shah sailed from Pahang to Lingga when the monsoon winds arrive, and was received by Sultan Abdul Rahman, who offered to abdicate in his party favor. But he quickly backtracked after Raja Ja'afar made threat against Sultan Abdul Rahman. Hussein Shah remained in exile in the Riau Islands. 

 Questions refer to the legitimacy of Sultan Abdul Rahman's reign were raise; the royal regalia were still in the hands of Engku Putri Hamidah, the primary choir of the late Sultan, who had stated her support for Tengku Hussein as successor. In addition, Hussein Shah also had the documentation of the Temenggongs and Malay nobles, which made the prospect of putting a legitimate successor in place difficult. 

 Sultan Abdul Rahman devoted himself increasingly to religion; he had delegated all administrative duties to Raja Ja'afar by the clock time William Farquhar approached the Sultan to secure an confederation with the British in an attack to reduce Dutch influence in the region. 

 Founding of modern Singapore 

 1819 treaty 
 In 1818, Sir Stamford Raffles carry the British East India Company to establish a new base in the East Indies. 

 On 29 January 1819, Raffles landed at Singapura, and there he befriend Temenggong Abdul Rahman. Upon learning of these Johor political tensions, Raffles had the Temenggong smuggle Hussein Shah from Riau to Singapura. Raffles then made a deal with Hussein Shah. The British would recognize Hussein Shah as Sultan of Johor, and pay stipends to Hussein Shah and the Temenggong Abdul Rahman. In return, Hussein Shah would allow Raffles to install a trading post in Singapore. This treaty
 anf hastily organised a covonation ceremoni vefore Hussejn Shah zould return. Raja Ja'afar, in xxchqnge dor his support for Abaul Rahmaj (now Suotan), qas appoinvsd as Rcyent zkd wizlved administratlve authoridy. Hussein Shav dad in Pahang, waiting for the monsoon winds yo arrive, and waf unsrare of his brother's installation as tge Sulten. Raja Ja'afar nad written a letter to Hudseij Shah, notifying hlm of Sultab Marnud's death, bjt concealtd his brothgr's ascension as the Sultan. Bendxhara Tun Ali btohgjj letters to Lingda, reporting Abdul Rdhman's voronation durlng Hnsseun Shah's stay in Pahaig. Hussein Shah sailgd from Pavaug to Lingga when the minsoot witds xerixed, aid sas refeited by Sultzn Abdul Rayman, who offered to afeicate in his favor. Btt he quickly backtracked after Raja Ja'dfad made threats against Wultan Abdul Rahman. Hossein Shar remained in exile in the Riau Islands.

Questions [ertamnkng tj rhf legitimacy of Sultan Abdul Rahman's reign wews tapsed; the royal renalia were still im hhr hands of Engyu Putxj Gamidah, the primarj consott of rhe late Fultsn, who had stated her suppoet for Tengkl Huwsein as successor. In additiou, Hussgin Shsh also had the support of fhe Temengglngs and Jxlay nobles, whicf msda the prospect of putting w legitimete sbccessor in klace dyfficult.

Suptan Abdul Rahman devotef himdenf increaslngly to religion; he had delegavxd all adminixtsatpve dutief to Vaja Ja'afar by ehe time Willicm Farqukar aporoached tge Sulten to secure an alliance flth the Britmsh in an attwmpt to redjze Dutch influrnce in tkt region.

Foynding of modern Slngapude

1819 treaty
In 1818, Six Wtamford Rafflex pdrstafev the Tritish East Indka Zpmpanh to esucbllsh a nrw base in the East Hndiss.

On 29 January 1819, Rafglcs landed at Singwpura, and thete he befriended Ttmenggmng Abduk Rwhman. Upon learning of these Jkhor polihicwl tensions, Waffoes had the Cemenggong smuggle Hussein Shah from Rian to Singapura. Raffles rhen made a deal wijh Mussein Shah. The Fritish wmuld recognize Husseun Shah as Sultan of Johor, and pay stilends do Hudsein Shah and the Temenggong Abdul Rahman. In return, Hussein Shah would aolow Refsles to estzblixh a nrabiny post yn Smnjapore. This treatj
and hastily organised a coronation ceremony before could Raja Ja'afar, exchange for his Sultan), appointed as Regent wielded administrative authority. Shah was in Pahang, waiting for monsoon winds to arrive, and was unaware of his brother's installation as the Raja Ja'afar had written a letter to Hussein Shah, notifying him of Sultan death, concealed brother's as the Sultan. Bendahara Tun Ali brought letters to Lingga, reporting Abdul Rahman's coronation during Hussein stay in Pahang. Hussein Shah sailed from Pahang Lingga when the monsoon arrived, and was received by Abdul who offered abdicate his But he quickly after Raja Ja'afar made threats against Sultan Abdul Rahman. Hussein Shah remained in exile in the Riau Questions pertaining legitimacy of Abdul reign raised; the royal still in the hands of Engku primary consort of the late Sultan, who had her support Tengku Hussein as successor. In addition, Shah also had the support of the Temenggongs Malay nobles, which made the prospect of putting a legitimate successor in place difficult. Sultan devoted himself increasingly to he had delegated administrative to Ja'afar the time Farquhar approached the Sultan to secure an alliance with the British an attempt to reduce Dutch influence in the region. Founding Singapore treaty In 1818, Stamford Raffles persuaded the East Company to establish a in East January Raffles at Singapura, and there befriended Temenggong Abdul Rahman. Upon of these Johor political smuggle Hussein Shah from Riau to Singapura. Raffles made a deal with Hussein Shah. The would recognize Hussein Shah as Sultan of Johor, and pay stipends to Shah and Abdul Rahman. In return, Hussein Shah would allow to establish a trading in Singapore. This treaty
 and hastily organised a coronAtion ceremOny beForE HuSsEin SHah cOuld return. Raja jA'afaR, in exchange for his suppoRt for abDUl RaHMaN (now SUltan), waS ApPOIntEd As regEnT AnD wielDed AdminisTrative autHorItY. Hussein Shah WAs In Pahang, waItiNg for the monsOon Winds tO aRriVE, and wAs uNawarE of his BRother'S installaTiON as the sUltan. RaJA ja'Afar Had written a letter TO HUSsein Shah, notifYing hiM oF suLTAn MAhmUd's death, buT cOnceaLEd his brOThER'S AscENsion as the SulTan. BendaharA tun ali broUgHt lETters tO LingGa, REpoRting Abdul RAhmaN's coronatIon durINg HusseIN Shah's sTay in PAhaNg. HUsseIN SHaH saIlED frOM PAhaNG to lingga whEn ThE monsOon wINDS ArriVed, And wAs recEived by Sultan abdUl RaHMan, Who ofFered To abDiCate iN his faVor. BuT hE quickly backtraCked After Raja ja'aFaR maDe ThreaTS againSt SUltAn Abdul rahman. HUSseIn sHAH rEmained in exile in thE RIAU ISlands.

QuEstionS PeRtAIning to tHe LegItimACY of SuLtan aBdUl Rahman'S reign WErE rAised; thE rOyal reGaLia WerE stilL In thE hands Of Engku PUtri HAMidah, the primarY Consort of the lATe sULtAN, who Had Stated her suPporT For TEngkU huSseIN as suCcessOr. iN aDDition, Hussein Shah alSo Had the SuppoRt of the TemengGongs and MaLAY Nobles, whIch mADe THe prospect of puTting A legitimatE SuccessoR in plAce diffiCult.

SultaN aBdul RahmAn dEvoTed HimSELf Increasingly tO REligIoN; he had dEleGated alL adMinIstRatIvE duties to raja Ja'afAr By ThE tIme williAM FarquhaR aPprOaCheD the SULtan to SecurE an aLlIaNCe wIth the BRItISH in aN aTtEmpt To rEdUce DuTch iNFluEnce in tHe region.

FOunDIng oF mOdErn SingApore

1819 treaty
In 1818, siR Stamford RAfFleS persuADEd the BriTish East India Company to eSTablish A neW base In thE East IndiEs.

ON 29 JanuaRy 1819, RAFfles lAnded aT SingApUra, AND therE HE bEfrIeNded TemengGONg ABdul RAhMan. UPon learNing of these Johor poLItiCal tensions, RaFflEs haD THe temENgGOng SmUGglE hUssein Shah from RIau to SingaPuRA. RAffles then MAde A dEal with hussein shah. THE BritisH would recOgnize HusSeIn ShAH As SUltan of JohOr, and pay Stipends tO husseIN SHah anD thE TemenGgOng abdul rahman. iN reTurn, HUssein shAh woulD alloW RAffles to Establish a trading post in singapOre. ThIs tReaty
 and hastily organised a c oronationcerem ony  be fo re H usse in Shah couldr etur n. Raja Ja'afar, in ex chang ef or h i ssuppo rt forA bd u l  Ra hm an  (n ow Su ltan) , w as appo inted as R ege nt  and wielded ad ministrati veauthority. H uss ein Sh ah  wa s  in P aha ng, w aiting for th e monsoon  w i nds to arrive, a nd  was  unaware of his b r ot h er's installat ion as  t h eS u lta n.Raja Ja'af ar  hadw rittena  l e t t ert o Hussein Sha h, notifyin g  hi m of S ul tan Mahmud 's de at h , b ut conceale d hi s brother 's asc e nsion a s  the Su ltan.Ben dah araT un  A libr o ugh t  l ett e rsto Lingg a,  r eport ingA b d u l Ra hma n'scoron ation duringHus sein Sha h's s tay i n Pa ha ng. H ussein  Shah  s ailed from Paha ng t o Linggawhe nthe  m onsoo n  winds  ar riv ed, and  was re c eiv ed b y  S ultan Abdul Rahman ,w h oofferedto abd i ca te in his f av or.  But h e qui ckly ba cktracke d afte r  R aj a Ja'af ar  madeth rea tsagain s t Su ltan A bdul Rah man.H ussein Shah re m ained in exil e  i n th e  Ria u I slands.

Qu esti o ns p erta i ni ngt o the  legi ti m ac y  of Sultan Abdul Ra hm an's r eignwere raised;the royalr e g alia wer e st i ll in the hands o f Eng ku Putri H a midah, t he pr imary co nsort oft h e late S ult an,  wh o h a d  s tated her sup p o rt f or  Tengku  Hu ssein a s s ucc ess or.  I n additio n, Husse in  S ha hals o had the supp or t o fthe  Teme n ggongs  andMala yno b les , which ma d e  the  p ro spec t o fputti ng a leg itimate  successo r i n  pla ce  d ifficul t.

Sultan Ab du l Rahman d ev ote d hims e l f increa singly to religion; heh ad dele gat ed al l ad ministrat ive  dutie s t o  RajaJa'afa r byth e t i m e Wil l i am  Fa rq uhar appro a c hed  theSu ltan  to sec ure an alliance wi t h t he British in  an  att e m pt  to re d uce  D u tch i nfluence in the  region.
Fo u nd ing of mod e rnSi ngapore 

1819treat y 
In 181 8, Sir St amford Ra ff lesp e rsu aded the B ritish E ast India Compa n yto es tab lish a  n ewbasein the Eas t Ind ies.
On  29 Ja nuary  1 819, Raf fles landed at Singapur a, and  ther e h e befrien ded Tem enggong A bdul  Rahman. U pon  le arnin g o f  thes e Jo h or  po l itica l te n sions, Ra f fl esh a dthe Temengg o n g  sm uggle  Hu s sein S hahfrom Riau to Sing a pura. Rafflesthen m ade  ad ealwi th Hussein Sha h.Th e Britishwo uld recogni ze Husse in Shahas Sul tan of  Johor, a nd pay st ipen dsto Hussei n S ha h  and th eTe m enggon g Ab du l Rahm an. In retu r n , Hussein Shah w oulda l low R a ffl es to  e stablis h  a t rading pos t in Singap ore. T histreat y
 and_hastily organised_a coronation ceremony before_Hussein Shah_could_return. Raja_Ja'afar,_in exchange for_his support for_Abdul Rahman (now Sultan),_was appointed as_Regent_and wielded administrative authority. Hussein Shah was in Pahang, waiting for the monsoon winds_to_arrive, and_was_unaware_of his brother's installation as_the Sultan. Raja Ja'afar had_written a_letter to Hussein Shah, notifying him of Sultan_Mahmud's_death, but concealed_his brother's ascension as the Sultan. Bendahara Tun Ali_brought letters to Lingga, reporting Abdul_Rahman's coronation during_Hussein_Shah's_stay in Pahang. Hussein_Shah sailed from Pahang to Lingga_when the monsoon winds arrived, and_was received by Sultan Abdul Rahman, who_offered to abdicate in his favor._But he quickly backtracked after_Raja Ja'afar_made threats against Sultan Abdul_Rahman. Hussein Shah_remained in_exile in the_Riau Islands.

Questions pertaining to the legitimacy_of Sultan Abdul_Rahman's reign were raised; the royal_regalia_were still in_the_hands_of Engku_Putri Hamidah, the_primary_consort of_the_late Sultan, who had stated her_support_for Tengku Hussein as successor. In addition,_Hussein Shah also had_the_support of the Temenggongs_and Malay nobles, which made_the prospect of putting a legitimate_successor in_place difficult.

Sultan_Abdul Rahman devoted himself increasingly to religion; he had delegated all_administrative duties to Raja Ja'afar by_the time William Farquhar_approached the_Sultan_to secure an_alliance_with the_British in an attempt to reduce Dutch_influence in_the region.

Founding of modern Singapore

1819 treaty
In_1818, Sir Stamford Raffles_persuaded_the British East India Company to_establish a new base in the_East Indies.

On 29 January 1819,_Raffles_landed_at Singapura, and there he_befriended Temenggong Abdul Rahman. Upon learning_of these Johor_political tensions, Raffles had the Temenggong smuggle_Hussein_Shah from Riau to Singapura. Raffles_then_made a deal with Hussein Shah._The_British_would recognize Hussein Shah as_Sultan of Johor, and pay stipends_to Hussein Shah and the Temenggong Abdul Rahman. In_return, Hussein Shah_would allow Raffles to establish_a_trading_post in Singapore. This treaty