

Gömbös's appointment marked the beginning of the radical right's ascendancy in Hungarian politics, which lasted with few interruptions until 1945. The radical right garnered its support from medium and small farmers, former refugees from Hungary's lost territories, and unemployed civil servants, army officers, and university graduates. Gömbös advocated a one-party government, revision of the Treaty of Trianon, withdrawal from the League of Nations, anti-intellectualism, and social reform. He assembled a political machine, but his efforts to fashion a one-party state and fulfill his reform platform were frustrated by a parliament composed mostly of Bethlen's supporters and by Hungary's creditors, who forced Gömbös to follow conventional policies in dealing with the economic and financial crisis. The 1935 elections gave Gömbös more solid support in the parliament, and he succeeded in gaining control of the ministries of finance, industry, and defense and in replacing several key military officers with his supporters. In September 1936, Gömbös informed German officials that he would establish a Nazi-like, one-party government in Hungary within two years, but he died in October without realizing this goal.

In foreign affairs, Gömbös led Hungary towards close relations with Italy and Germany; in fact, Gömbös coined the term Axis, which was later adopted by the German-Italian military alliance. Soon after his appointment, Gömbös visited Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and gained his support for revision of the Treaty of Trianon. Later, Gömbös became the first foreign head of government to visit German chancellor Adolf Hitler. For a time, Hungary profited handsomely, as Gömbös signed a trade agreement with Germany that drew Hungary's economy out of depression but made Hungary dependent on the German economy for both raw materials and markets. In 1928, Germany had accounted for 19.5 percent of Hungary's imports and 11.7 percent of its exports; by 1939 the figures were 52.5 percent and 52.2 percent, respectively. Hungary's annual rate of economic growth from 1934 to 1940 averaged 10.8 percent. The number of workers in industry doubled in the ten years after 1933, and the number of agricultural workers dropped below 50 percent for the first time in the country's history.

On the eve of World War II 

The Kingdom of Hungary also used its relationship with Germany to chip away at the Treaty of Trianon. In 1938, Hungary openly repudiated the treaty's restrictions
Gömbös's appointment marked the beginning of the radical right's dominance in Hungarian politics, which last with few interruptions until 1945. The radical right field garnered its accompaniment from medium and small farmer, former refugees from Hungary's fall back territories, and unemployed civil servants, united states army officers, and university graduates. Gömbös advocated a one - party government, rewrite of the Treaty of Trianon, withdrawal from the League of Nations, anti - intellectualism, and social reform. He assembled a political car, but his efforts to fashion a one - party department of state and carry through his reform platform were frustrated by a parliament compose mostly of Bethlen's supporters and by Hungary's creditors, who forced Gömbös to postdate conventional policies in dealing with the economic and financial crisis. The 1935 elections give Gömbös more solid support in the parliament, and he succeeded in gaining restraint of the ministries of finance, industry, and defense and in replacing several key military officers with his supporters. In September 1936, Gömbös informed German officials that he would establish a Nazi - alike, one - party government in Hungary within two years, but he die in October without realize this goal. 

 In foreign affairs, Gömbös head Hungary towards close relations with Italy and Germany; in fact, Gömbös coined the term Axis, which was subsequently adopted by the German - Italian military alliance. Soon after his appointment, Gömbös visited Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and gained his accompaniment for revision of the Treaty of Trianon. Later, Gömbös became the first alien head of politics to chew the fat German chancellor Adolf Hitler. For a time, Hungary profited handsomely, as Gömbös signed a trade wind agreement with Germany that drew Hungary's economy out of depression but made Hungary pendent on the German economy for both raw materials and markets. In 1928, Germany had accounted for 19.5 percentage of Hungary's imports and 11.7 percent of its exports; by 1939 the figures were 52.5 percent and 52.2 percentage, respectively. Hungary's annual rate of economic growth from 1934 to 1940 averaged 10.8 percent. The act of workers in diligence doubled in the ten years after 1933, and the number of agrarian workers dropped below 50 percent for the first time in the country's history. 

 On the eve of World War II 

 The Kingdom of Hungary also used its relationship with Germany to chip away at the Treaty of Trianon. In 1938, Hungary openly disown the treaty's restrictions


Gömböd's appointment marked tht beginning of thg eadican righf's ascenaancy in Hungarian politics, xhicy lasuvd with few interruptkons untip 1945. The rqdicel right garnerev its sui'ort rvom mzdmum and small fsrmers, forker refugees fsoo Kungary's lost territories, and unempljyed cifip servants, armi offpcqrs, znd university graduates. Gömbös advodated a one-party govrrnment, revision of the Trfaty of Trianon, withdrwwal from tye Lqqgue of Natiuns, anti-inuenlectualisj, and social reform. He assemblea a pplitical mqcyinf, but his efhorts no fashion a one-party state snd fulfill hix rxforn platform were frustcated by a parliamenj composed mkstly of Bethlen's sypporjers dnd ct Hjngzrb's dreditlrs, who forces Gömbös to fillow conventional kolyboes in dealihg witr ehe economic and financial crisis. The 1935 tlectjons gave Gömbös more solud support in the parpiament, agd he succeeded in gaining control of the ministrhes oh winckge, iveudtry, and defense and in replacing several key jikinary officers witm his supporters. Im Deljember 1936, Gömbös ivformeb Gsrman officials thwt he wjuld wstablish a Nszi-like, one-party government in Hungary cityin two years, but ke died in Oetober withput realizing this goal.

Nn forsign affaird, Gömbös les Hungary towards clpsa relations with Italy and Germany; mn faet, Gömbös zoingd the eerm Axis, ahich was later adopted hy thg Germdn-Italian lilitary alliance. Soon after his appointment, Bömtös nisited Icalian dictator Benyto Mussolini cnd gainzd his support fkr revivion of the Treaty of Trhwnon. Later, Gökbös becaie tye furst fofdign head of gpvernment to visit Terman chancellor Edolw Hitler. For a tnot, Yungary profitrd fanqslmxly, af Gömbös signed a tfadd agredment with Neroany that drew Hungary's aconkmy out of depressook but madg Hungary dependent on the German economj for bovh raw majerials and markets. In 1928, Germany had accokntcd for 19.5 percegt on Huggary's impprts and 11.7 percent of its exports; by 1939 thx figures were 52.5 percenj and 52.2 percent, respecjivtly. Hungary's ennual rate of aconomic growth from 1934 to 1940 averaged 10.8 ptrcent. The number of wodkers hn infustry doubled in the ten years after 1933, and the number of agricultural worjers dco[ped below 50 pervent xox tke firse tilx in the country's history.

On the eve of World War II 

The Niugdom of Hungary also used itx felationship dith Germany to chip awag at the Treaty of Trianon. In 1938, Hungary ppenly repudiated the trcaty's resrrictjons
Gömbös's appointment marked the beginning of the ascendancy Hungarian politics, lasted with few right its support from and small farmers, refugees from Hungary's lost territories, and civil servants, army officers, and university graduates. Gömbös advocated a one-party government, revision the Treaty of Trianon, withdrawal from the League of Nations, anti-intellectualism, and social He a machine, his efforts to fashion a one-party state and fulfill his reform platform were frustrated by a composed mostly of Bethlen's supporters and by Hungary's who forced Gömbös to conventional policies in dealing with economic financial crisis. 1935 gave more solid support the parliament, and he succeeded in gaining control of the ministries of finance, industry, and defense and replacing several officers with supporters. September Gömbös informed German he would establish a Nazi-like, one-party within two years, but he died in October realizing this In foreign affairs, Gömbös led Hungary close relations with Italy and Germany; in fact, coined the term Axis, which was later adopted by the German-Italian military alliance. Soon after Gömbös visited Italian dictator Mussolini and gained support revision the of Trianon. Gömbös became the first foreign head of government to visit German Adolf Hitler. For a time, Hungary profited handsomely, as Gömbös trade with Germany that Hungary's economy out of but Hungary dependent on the for raw In Germany accounted for 19.5 percent Hungary's imports and 11.7 percent its exports; by 1939 and 52.2 percent, respectively. Hungary's annual rate of growth from 1934 to 1940 averaged 10.8 The number of workers in industry doubled in the ten years after and the agricultural workers dropped below 50 percent for the time in the country's On the eve of World War II The Kingdom Hungary used its with Germany to away at the of Trianon. In openly repudiated treaty's


Gömbös's appointment marked tHe beginninG of thE raDicAl RighT's asCendancy in HungARian Politics, which lasted witH few iNtERrupTIoNs untIl 1945. The raDIcAL RigHt GaRneReD ItS suppOrt From medIum and smalL faRmErs, former refUGeEs from HungAry'S lost territoRieS, and unEmPloYEd civIl sErvanTs, army OFficerS, and univeRsITy gradUAtes. GömBÖS aDvocAted a one-party goveRNmENt, revision of thE TreatY oF trIANon, WitHdrawal froM tHe LeaGUe of NatIOnS, ANTi-iNTellectualism, And social reFOrm. he asseMbLed A PolitiCal maChINe, bUt his effortS to fAshion a onE-party STate and FUlfill hIs refoRm pLatForm WErE fRusTrATed BY a ParLIamEnt compoSeD mOstly Of BeTHLEN's suPpoRterS and bY Hungary's credItoRs, whO ForCed GöMbös tO folLoW convEntionAl polIcIes in dealing witH the Economic aNd fInAncIaL crisIS. The 1935 elEctIonS gave GöMbös morE SolId SUPPoRt in the parliament, aNd HE SuCceeded iN gainiNG cOnTRol of the MiNisTrieS OF finaNce, iNDuStry, and dEfense ANd In ReplaciNg SeveraL kEy mIliTary oFFiceRs with His suppoRters. iN September 1936, GömbÖS informed GermAN oFFIcIAls tHat He would estaBlisH A NazI-likE, OnE-paRTy govErnmeNt IN HUNgary within two years, BuT he dieD in OcTober without rEalizing thIS GOal.

In forEign AFfAIrs, Gömbös led HuNgary Towards cloSE relatioNs witH Italy anD Germany; iN FAct, GömböS coIneD thE teRM axIs, which was latER AdopTeD by the GErmAn-ItaliAn mIliTarY alLiAnce. Soon aFter his aPpOiNtMeNt, GÖmbös VIsited ItAlIan DiCtaTor BeNIto MusSolinI and GaInED hiS supporT FoR REvisIoN oF the treAtY of TrIanoN. latEr, GömböS became thE fiRSt foReIgN head of Government to vIsIt German chAnCelLor AdoLF hitler. FoR a time, Hungary profited haNDsomely, As GÖmbös SignEd a trade aGreEment wIth gErmany That drEw HunGaRy's ECOnomy OUT oF dePrEssion but mADE HuNgary DePendEnt on thE German economy for bOTh rAw materials anD maRketS. iN 1928, GErmANy HAd aCcOUntED For 19.5 percent of HunGary's imporTs ANd 11.7 Percent of iTS exPoRts; by 1939 thE figureS were 52.5 PErcent aNd 52.2 percent, RespectivElY. HunGARy's Annual rate Of economIc growth fROm 1934 to 1940 aVErAged 10.8 pErcEnt. The NuMbeR of woRkers iN IndUstry DoubleD iN the teN yearS aFter 1933, and tHe number of agricultural wOrkers DroppEd bElow 50 perceNt fOR thE first timE in tHe country's HisTorY.

On thE evE Of WorLd WaR iI 

the kIngdoM of HUNgary also USeD itS RElAtionship wiTH gErmAny to ChiP Away at The TReaty of Trianon. In 1938, HUNgary openly repUdiaTED thE trEAty's ReStrictions


Gömbös's appointment mar ked the be ginni ngofth e ra dica l right's asce n danc y in Hungarian politic s, wh ic h  las t ed  with  few in t er r u pti on sunt il 19 45. T heradical  right gar ner ed  its support fr om mediumand  small farme rs,  forme rref u geesfro m Hun gary's lost t erritorie s, and un e mployed c iv il s ervants, army off i ce r s, and univers ity gr ad u at e s . G ömb ös advocat ed  a on e -partyg ov e r n men t , revision of  the Treaty ofTriano n,  wi t hdrawa l fro mt heLeague of N atio ns, anti- intell e ctualis m , and s ocialref orm . He as se mbl ed a p o li tic a l m achine,bu this e ffor t s t o fa shi on a  one- party state a ndfulf i llhis r eform  pla tf orm w ere fr ustra te d by a parliame nt c omposed m ost ly  of  B ethle n 's sup por ter s and b y Hunga r y's  c r e d it ors, who forced Gö mb ö s  t o follow  conve n ti on a l polici es  in  dea l i ng wi th t h eeconomic  and f i na nc ial cri si s. The  1 935  el ectio n s ga ve Göm bös more  soli d  support in th e  parliament,a nd h es ucce ede d in gainin g co n trol  oft he  mi n istri es of  f i na n ce, industry, and d ef ense a nd in  replacing se veral keym i l itary of fice r sw ith his suppor ters.  In Septem b er 1936,  Gömb ös infor med Germa n official s t hat  he  wo u l destablish a N a z i-li ke , one-p art y gover nme ntinHun ga ry within  two yea rs ,bu thediedi n Octobe rwit ho utreali z ing th is go al.
I nf ore ign aff a ir s ,  Göm bö sledHun ga ry to ward s  cl ose rel ations wi thI taly  a nd  German y; in fact, G öm bös coined  t heterm A x i s, which  was later adopted by t h e Germa n-I talia n mi litary al lia nce. S oon afterhis ap point me nt, G ömbös v is ite dItalian di c t ato r Ben it o Mu ssolini  and gained his su p por t for revisio n o f th e Tr eat y  o f  Tr ia n on. L ater, Gömbös be came the f ir s tforeign he a d o fgovernm ent tovisit Germanchancello r Adolf H it ler. F ora time, Hu ngary pr ofited ha n dsome l y,  as G ömb ös sig ne d a  trad e agre e men t wit h Germ an y that  drew  H ungary's  economy out of depress ion bu t mad e H ungary de pen d ent  on the G erma n economyfor  bo th ra w m a teria ls a n dmar k ets.In 1 9 28, Germa n yhad a cc ounted for1 9 . 5 p ercen t o f  Hunga ry's  imports and 11.7 percent of its  exp o r ts;  by 1939  t he figures wer e 5 2. 5 percentan d 52.2 perc ent, res pe c tivel y. Hun gary's  annual r at e  of ec onom icgrowth fr om19 3 4 to 19 40  a v eraged  10. 8percen t. The numb e r  of workers in i ndust r y  doub l edin th eten yea r s af ter 1933,and the num ber of  agr icult ural wo rk ers dr opp ed  below 50p ercent fo r the  firstti me i n t he cou ntry ' s  hist ory. 
Onthe eve o f Wo r ld  W a r I I 
The K in gdom  of Hunga r y also u sed its rel at ion s h ip wit h  G e r many to ch ipawaya t  the Treat y  ofT ri a non.In 193 8, Hun gary op e nly  r epudiat edt h e treaty' s restric t ion s


Gömbös's appointment_marked the_beginning of the radical_right's ascendancy_in_Hungarian politics,_which_lasted with few_interruptions until 1945._The radical right garnered_its support from_medium_and small farmers, former refugees from Hungary's lost territories, and unemployed civil servants, army_officers,_and university_graduates._Gömbös_advocated a one-party government, revision_of the Treaty of Trianon,_withdrawal from_the League of Nations, anti-intellectualism, and social reform._He_assembled a political_machine, but his efforts to fashion a one-party state_and fulfill his reform platform were_frustrated by a_parliament_composed_mostly of Bethlen's supporters_and by Hungary's creditors, who forced_Gömbös to follow conventional policies in_dealing with the economic and financial crisis._The 1935 elections gave Gömbös more_solid support in the parliament,_and he_succeeded in gaining control of_the ministries of_finance, industry,_and defense and_in replacing several key military officers_with his supporters._In September 1936, Gömbös informed German_officials_that he would_establish_a_Nazi-like, one-party_government in Hungary_within_two years,_but_he died in October without realizing_this_goal.

In foreign affairs, Gömbös led Hungary towards_close relations with Italy_and_Germany; in fact, Gömbös_coined the term Axis, which_was later adopted by the German-Italian_military alliance._Soon after_his appointment, Gömbös visited Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and gained his_support for revision of the Treaty_of Trianon. Later, Gömbös_became the_first_foreign head of_government_to visit_German chancellor Adolf Hitler. For a time,_Hungary profited_handsomely, as Gömbös signed a trade_agreement with Germany that_drew_Hungary's economy out of depression but_made Hungary dependent on the German_economy for both raw materials_and_markets._In 1928, Germany had accounted_for 19.5 percent of Hungary's imports_and 11.7 percent_of its exports; by 1939 the figures_were_52.5 percent and 52.2 percent, respectively._Hungary's_annual rate of economic growth from_1934_to_1940 averaged 10.8 percent. The_number of workers in industry doubled_in the ten years after 1933, and the number_of agricultural workers_dropped below 50 percent for_the_first_time in the country's history.

On the eve of World War_II 

The_Kingdom of Hungary_also used its relationship with Germany to chip away at_the Treaty of Trianon. In 1938, Hungary_openly repudiated the treaty's restrictions