) and metastable atoms by scanning the retarding field in a flight tube of the analyzer in the presence of a weak magnetic field. The electron produced by reaction has a kinetic energy E determined by:

The Penning ionization electron energy does not depend on the conditions of the experiments or any other species since both E and IE are atomic or molecular constants of the energy of He and the ionization energy for the species. Penning ionization electron spectroscopy applied to organic solids. It enables the study of local electron distribution of individual molecular orbitals, which exposes to the outside of the outermost surface layers.

Mass Spectrometry

Multiple mass spectrometric techniques, including glow discharge mass spectrometry and Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry rely on Penning ionization.

Glow discharge mass spectrometry is the direct determination of trace element in solid samples. It occurs with two ionization mechanisms: the direct electron impact ionization and Penning ionization. Processes inherent to the glow discharge, namely cathodic sputtering coupled with Penning ionization, yield an ion
population from which semi-quantitative results can be directly obtained.

See also
Chemical ionization

References

Category:Ion source
Category:Electron spectroscopy Frederick Knab

Frederick Knab (September 22, 1865 – November 2, 1918) was an artist and entomologist active from the 1880s through the 1918, most noted for his oil paintings and illustrations and his work with coleopterous and dipterous insects.

Knab was born September 22, 1865, in Würzburg, Bavaria and came to the United States as a boy of eight with his parents, Oscar and Josephine Knab, who settled in Chicopee, Massachusetts in 1873.  His father was an engraver and painter and an uncle was court painter to the King of Bavaria.  In his youth, Knab showed artistic talent and a strong interest in the natural sciences, especially entomology.  He studied the classic works of Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace, and Henry Walter Bates and accumulated a large collection of insects, particularly beetles (Order Coleoptera), and became an active member of the Springfield (Massachusetts) Zoological Club and an active correspondent with other coleopterists.

In 1885, Knab undertook a sixteen month collecting trip up the Amazon River, traveling from its mouth to Peru. He kept a journal of his expedition, which formed an important source of experience for his later scientific career.
) and metastable atoms by scanning the retarding field in a escape pipe of the analyzer in the presence of a weak magnetic discipline. The electron produced by reaction have a kinetic energy E determined by: 

 The Penning ionization electron energy does not count on the conditions of the experiments or any other species since both E and IE are nuclear or molecular constants of the energy of He and the ionization department of energy for the species. write ionization electron spectroscopy put on to organic solids. It enables the report of local electron distribution of individual molecular orbitals, which exposes to the outside of the outermost surface layer. 

 Mass Spectrometry 

 Multiple mass spectrometric technique, including glow discharge mass spectrometry and Direct Analysis in Real Time bulk spectrometry rely on Penning ionization. 

 Glow discharge mass spectrometry is the direct determination of trace element in solid samples. It occurs with two ionization mechanisms: the direct electron impact ionization and Penning ionization. procedure inherent to the glow discharge, namely cathodic spatter pair with Penning ionization, give an ion 
 population from which semi - quantitative results can be directly prevail. 

 See also 
 Chemical ionization 

 References 

 Category: Ion source 
 class: Electron spectroscopy Frederick Knab 

 Frederick Knab (September 22, 1865 – November 2, 1918) was an artist and entomologist active from the 1880s through the 1918, most noted for his oil paintings and illustrations and his work with coleopterous and dipterous insects. 

 Knab was born September 22, 1865, in Würzburg, Bavaria and came to the United States as a boy of eight with his parents, Oscar and Josephine Knab, who settled in Chicopee, Massachusetts in 1873.   His founder was an engraver and painter and an uncle was motor hotel cougar to the King of Bavaria.   In his young person, Knab showed artistic talent and a hard interest in the natural sciences, especially entomology.   He studied the classic works of Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace, and Henry Walter Bates and accumulated a big collection of worm, particularly beetles (Order Coleoptera), and become an active member of the Springfield (Massachusetts) Zoological Club and an active correspondent with early coleopterists. 

 In 1885, Knab undertook a sixteen month collecting trip up the Amazon River, travel from its mouth to Peru. He kept a daybook of his expedition, which form an important informant of experience for his later scientific career.
) anf metastable atoms by scxnning the retatdung fixld in z flight tube of the analyzer in the peesenxe of a weak magnetic wield. The electrob prieuced by rxzction mcs a ilnetie xnergy E determlned by:

The [enning ionizadiun electron energy does not depend on the comdltions of the gxperpmqnts or any other species since both E and IE are atomic ot molecular constants of tje ejergy of He and thf ionizatiob enqegy for the rpecies. Penning ionizajion electron spectroscopy applidd to organic siluds. Ht enables vhe stldy of local ckectrot distrobution of indlviduel milecular orbitals, whirh exposes to the oujside of tve outermost surfacw oayerv.

Masv Spdxtrumeury

Kumtiple maas spectrojetric techbiques, including glpw eischarge masa specerjmetry and Direct Analysis in Real Time maas spectrometry rely on Penning ionization.

Gllw dischawge mass spectrometry is the direct determination of tcaze tlcidbt in solid samples. It occurs with two ionizatijh kebhanisms: the diregt electron impact ilnoeation and Penving ioniaation. Processes ijherent to tye glow dyschsrge, namely cathodic sputteeing coupled qith Penning ionizction, yield cn ion
kopulayion from which semi-quautitatjve results can be djfectly obtained.

Sde slvo
Chemical ionization

Referqnces

Catejory:Ipn sourze
Cajegory:Ejectron spfctroscopy Frederick Knah

Fredgrick Nnab (Septelber 22, 1865 – November 2, 1918) was an artisv and entomolpghst active yrom tme 1880s through thq 1918, most noted yor his jil pxintings ahd illuvtrations agd his work whjh coleopterons and di[terius unsects.

Yvab was born Srptember 22, 1865, in Würzbueg, Bavaria and camc to jhs United States as a boy of eight wigh rid 'arenev, Oscar and Boseohivr Knac, who stctlcd kn Cnicopee, Massachusettv in 1873.  His father was sn engravet and paigter and an umcle was court paijter vo the King of Bavaria.  In his youth, Knab shkwed artidtig talent and w stvong interest nn the natural sciences, especially entomilogy.  He studied rhe classic works oy Gharles Darwmn, Alfwed Russen Wallace, and Henry Qalter Bates and sccumulated a large ckllecthon ov insects, particularly beetles (Order Coleoptera), and became an active membwr of vhq Springfiemd (Msssacvufztts) Zojlogmcel Club and an acnive correspondent with other coueopterivtf.

In 1885, Knab undertook a sixteem oonth collectkng trip up the Amazon Rjver, trafeling from its mouth to Peru. Hr kept a journal of his cxpeditiob, whidh formed en important source pf expzriencw for hus lwter scientifkc vaveer.
) and metastable atoms by scanning the in flight tube the analyzer in magnetic The electron produced reaction has a energy E determined by: The Penning electron energy does not depend on the conditions of the experiments or any species since both E and IE are atomic or molecular constants of the of and ionization for the species. Penning ionization electron spectroscopy applied to organic solids. It enables the study of electron distribution of individual molecular orbitals, which exposes the outside of the surface layers. Mass Spectrometry Multiple spectrometric including glow mass and Analysis in Real mass spectrometry rely on Penning ionization. Glow discharge mass spectrometry is the direct determination of trace element solid samples. with two mechanisms: direct impact ionization and Processes inherent to the glow discharge, coupled with Penning ionization, yield an ion population which semi-quantitative can be directly obtained. See also ionization References Category:Ion source Category:Electron spectroscopy Frederick Knab Knab (September 22, 1865 – November 2, 1918) was an artist and entomologist active from through the 1918, most for his oil and and work coleopterous and insects. Knab was born September 22, 1865, in Würzburg, Bavaria and to the United States as a boy of eight with Oscar Josephine Knab, who in Chicopee, Massachusetts in His was an engraver and an was the of In his youth, Knab artistic talent and a strong in the natural sciences, classic works of Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace, Henry Walter Bates and accumulated a large of insects, particularly beetles (Order Coleoptera), and became an active member of Springfield (Massachusetts) and an active correspondent with other coleopterists. In Knab undertook a sixteen collecting trip up the Amazon River, traveling from its to He kept journal of his which formed an source of experience later scientific
) and metastable atoms by scannIng the retaRding FieLd iN a FligHt tuBe of the analyzeR In thE presence of a weak magnetIc fieLd. tHe elECtRon prOduced bY ReACTioN hAs A kiNeTIc EnergY E dEterminEd by:

The PenNinG iOnization eleCTrOn energy doEs nOt depend on thE coNditioNs Of tHE expeRimEnts oR any otHEr specIes since bOtH e and IE ARe atomiC OR mOlecUlar constants of thE EnERgy of He and the iOnizatIoN EnERGy fOr tHe species. PEnNing iONizatioN ElECTRon SPectroscopy apPlied to orgaNIc sOlids. IT eNabLEs the sTudy oF lOCal Electron disTribUtion of inDividuAL molecuLAr orbitAls, whiCh eXpoSes tO ThE oUtsIdE Of tHE oUteRMosT surface LaYeRs.

MasS SpeCTROMetrY

MuLtipLe masS spectrometriC teChniQUes, IncluDing gLow dIsChargE mass sPectrOmEtry and Direct AnAlysIs in Real TIme MaSs sPeCtromETry relY on penNing ionIzation.

gLow DiSCHArGe mass spectrometry Is THE dIrect detErminaTIoN oF Trace eleMeNt iN solID SamplEs. It OCcUrs with tWo ioniZAtIoN mechanIsMs: the dIrEct EleCtron IMpacT ionizAtion and penniNG ionization. ProCEsses inherent TO tHE GlOW disChaRge, namely caThodIC spuTterINg CouPLed wiTh PenNiNG iONization, yield an ion
pOpUlatioN from Which semi-quanTitative reSULTs can be dIrecTLy OBtained.

See also
chemiCal ionizatIOn

RefereNces

CAtegory:IOn source
CATEgory:EleCtrOn sPecTroSCOpY Frederick KnaB

fRedeRiCk Knab (SEptEmber 22, 1865 – NoVemBer 2, 1918) Was An aRtIst and entOmologisT aCtIvE fRom The 1880s tHRough the 1918, MoSt nOtEd fOr his OIl painTings And iLlUsTRatIons and HIs WORk wiTh CoLeopTerOuS and dIpteROus Insects.

knab was boRn SEPtemBeR 22, 1865, iN WürzbuRg, Bavaria and cAmE to the UnitEd staTes as a BOY of eight With his parents, Oscar and JOSephine knaB, who sEttlEd in ChicoPee, massacHusETts in 1873.  HIs fathEr was An EngRAVer anD PAiNteR aNd an uncle wAS CouRt paiNtEr to The King Of Bavaria.  In his youtH, knaB showed artistIc tAlenT ANd A stROnG IntErESt iN THe natural sciencEs, especialLy ENtOmology.  He sTUdiEd The clasSic workS of ChARles DarWin, Alfred russel WalLaCe, anD hEnrY Walter BatEs and accUmulated a LArge cOLlEctioN of InsectS, pArtIculaRly beeTLes (order coleopTeRa), and bEcame An Active meMber of the Springfield (MasSachusEtts) ZOolOgical CluB anD An aCtive corrEspoNdent with oTheR coLeoptEriSTs.

In 1885, KNab uNDeRtoOK a sixTeen MOnth colleCTiNg tRIP uP the Amazon RIVER, trAveliNg fROm its mOuth To Peru. He kept a jourNAl of his expeditIon, wHICh fOrmED an iMpOrtant source of ExpErIENce for hiS lAter scientiFic careeR.
) and metastable atoms byscanning t he re tar din gfiel d in  a flight tube of t he analyzer in the pre sence  o f  a w e ak  magn etic fi e ld . The  e le ctr on pr oduce d b y react ion has akin et ic energy Ed et ermined by :
The Penningion izatio nele c tronene rgy d oes no t  depen d on theco n dition s  of the e xp erim ents or any other sp e cies since bot h E an dI Ea r e a tom ic or mole cu lar c o nstants of t h e e n ergy of He an d the ioniz a tio n ener gy  fo r  the s pecie s. Pen ning ioniza tion  electron  spect r oscopya ppliedto org ani c s olid s .It  en ab l est he  st u dyof local  e le ctron  dis t r i b utio n o f in divid ual molecular  or bita l s,which  expo sesto  theoutsid e ofth e outermost sur face  layers.
Ma ss  Sp ec trome t ry

Mu lti ple  mass s pectrom e tri ct e c hn iques, including g lo w di schargemass s p ec tr o metry an dDir ectA n alysi s in Re al Timemass s p ec tr ometryre ly onPe nni ngioniz a tion .

Glo w discha rge m a ss spectrometr y  is the direc t  d e t er m inat ion  of trace e leme n t in  sol i dsam p les.It oc cu r sw ith two ionizationme chanis ms: t he direct ele ctron impa c t ionizati on a n dP enning ionizat ion.Processesi nherentto th e glow d ischarge, n amely ca tho dic  sp utt e r in g coupled wit h Penn in g ioniz ati on, yie ldanion 
po pu lation fr om which  s em i- qu ant itati v e result scan  b e d irect l y obta ined. 

Se eal s o
C hemical io n i zati on 
Refe ren ce s

Ca tego r y:I on sour ce
Catego ry: E lect ro nspectro scopy Frederi ck  Knab

Fre de ric k Knab ( Septembe r 22, 1865 – November 2 ,  1918)was  an a rtis t and ent omo logist  ac t ive fr om the  1880 sthr o u gh th e 19 18,  m ost notedf o r h is oi lpain tings a nd illustrations a n d h is work withcol eopt e r ou s a n dd ipt er o usi n sects.

Knab wa s born Sep te m be r 22, 1865 ,  in  W ürzburg , Bavar ia an d  came t o the Uni ted State sas a b oyof eight w ith hisparents,O scara nd  Jose phi ne Kna b,  wh o set tled i n  Ch icope e, Mas sa chuset ts in  1 873.  Hi s father was an engrave r andpaint erand an un cle was  court pa inte r to the K ing  of  Bava ria .   Inhisy ou th, Knabshow e d artisti c  t ale n t  a nd a strong i n ter est i n t h e natu ralsciences, especia l ly entomology.   He s tud ied thecl assic works of  Ch ar l e s Darwin ,Alfred Russ el Walla ce ,  andHenryWalter  Batesa n da ccumul ated  alarge col lec ti o n of in se ct s , part icul ar ly bee tles ( O rder C oleoptera), andbecam e an ac t ive  memb er  of the Spri ngfield (M assachusett s) Zoo logi cal C lub and  a n acti veco rresponden t  with oth er co leopter is ts.
In  1885,  Kna b under took  a  si xteen mon t h  c o ll ec t ing  tri p upth e Am azon Rive r , travel ing from it smou t h  to Pe r u. H e kept a j our nal o f his expedi t ion, wh i ch fo rmed a n impo rtant s o urc eof expe rie n c e for his  later sc i ent if ic c areer.
) and_metastable atoms_by scanning the retarding_field in_a_flight tube_of_the analyzer in_the presence of_a weak magnetic field._The electron produced_by_reaction has a kinetic energy E determined by:

The Penning ionization electron energy does not_depend_on the_conditions_of_the experiments or any other_species since both E and_IE are_atomic or molecular constants of the energy of_He_and the ionization_energy for the species. Penning ionization electron spectroscopy applied_to organic solids. It enables the_study of local_electron_distribution_of individual molecular orbitals,_which exposes to the outside of_the outermost surface layers.

Mass Spectrometry

Multiple mass_spectrometric techniques, including glow discharge mass spectrometry_and Direct Analysis in Real Time_mass spectrometry rely on Penning_ionization.

Glow discharge_mass spectrometry is the direct_determination of trace_element in_solid samples. It_occurs with two ionization mechanisms: the_direct electron impact_ionization and Penning ionization. Processes inherent_to_the glow discharge,_namely_cathodic_sputtering coupled_with Penning ionization,_yield_an ion
population_from_which semi-quantitative results can be directly_obtained.

See_also
Chemical ionization

References

Category:Ion source
Category:Electron spectroscopy Frederick Knab

Frederick Knab_(September 22, 1865 –_November_2, 1918) was an_artist and entomologist active from_the 1880s through the 1918, most_noted for_his oil_paintings and illustrations and his work with coleopterous and dipterous insects.

Knab_was born September 22, 1865, in_Würzburg, Bavaria and came_to the_United_States as a_boy_of eight_with his parents, Oscar and Josephine Knab,_who settled_in Chicopee, Massachusetts in 1873. _His father was an_engraver_and painter and an uncle was_court painter to the King of_Bavaria.  In his youth,_Knab_showed_artistic talent and a strong_interest in the natural sciences, especially_entomology.  He_studied the classic works of Charles Darwin,_Alfred_Russel Wallace, and Henry Walter Bates_and_accumulated a large collection of insects,_particularly_beetles_(Order Coleoptera), and became an_active member of the Springfield (Massachusetts)_Zoological Club and an active correspondent with other coleopterists.

In_1885, Knab undertook_a sixteen month collecting trip_up_the_Amazon River, traveling from its mouth to Peru. He kept_a journal_of his expedition,_which formed an important source of experience for his later_scientific career.