 the Germans withdraw to a line south of the Gauja river. He also ordered the Estonian 3rd Division to seize the Gulbene railroad station.

On June 19, 1919, the Landeswehr and the Iron Division launched an attack to capture Cēsis. Initially, the Freikorps captured the town of Straupe and continued their advance toward the town of Limbaži. The Estonians launched a counterattack and drove the Freikorps out of the town. On June 21, the Estonians received reinforcements and immediately attacked the Landeswehr under Alfred Fletcher, who was forced to withdraw from an area to the northeast of Cēsis. The Iron Division attacked from Straupe towards Stalbe in an effort to relieve pressure on the Landeswehr. On the morning of June 23, the Germans began a general retreat toward Riga.

The Allies again insisted that the Germans withdraw their remaining troops from Latvia, and on July 3 intervened to impose an armistice between Estonia, Latvia, and the Landeswehr and Freikorps when the Latvians were about to march into Riga.
By its terms the legitimate government of Ulmanis was to be restored, the Baltic German Landeswehr be placed under the command of the British officer Harold Alexander and the Iron Division to leave Latvia. The government of Ulmanis returned to Riga on 8 July 1919 and the Landeswehr became a component of the Latvian National Army.

Bermondt offensive
The Iron Division, however, did not leave Latvia. Instead Major Bischoff created a German Legion from over a dozen Freikorps units and turned the units over to the West Russian Volunteer Army. In total, the Iron Division transferred over 14,000 men, 64 aircraft, 56 artillery pieces, and 156 machine guns. Six cavalry units and a field hospital were also transferred. The offensive by the reformed German Army was subsequently defeated by the Latvian Army, which received assistance from British and French warships and Estonian armoured trains.

Timeline

1918 
 11 November: The German Empire and Allies of World War I sign the November armistice, which marks the end of World War I; Soviet Russia launches an attack on German forces. The British Empire recognizes the de facto independence of Latvia (see Latvian Provisional National Council).
 17 November: The first legislative institution
the Germans withdraw to a line south of the Gauja river. He also ordered the Estonian 3rd Division to assume the Gulbene railway station. 

 On June 19, 1919, the Landeswehr and the Iron Division launched an attack to appropriate Cēsis. Initially, the Freikorps captured the town of Straupe and retain their advance toward the town of Limbaži. The Estonians establish a counterattack and drove the Freikorps out of the town. On June 21, the Estonians receive reinforcements and immediately attacked the Landeswehr under Alfred Fletcher, who was push to withdraw from an area to the northeast of Cēsis. The Iron Division attacked from Straupe towards Stalbe in an effort to relieve pressure on the Landeswehr. On the good morning of June 23, the Germans began a general retreat toward Riga. 

 The Allies again insist that the Germans withdraw their remaining troops from Latvia, and on July 3 intervene to impose an armistice between Estonia, Latvia, and the Landeswehr and Freikorps when the Latvians were about to march into Riga. 
 By its terms the legitimate government of Ulmanis was to be regenerate, the Baltic German Landeswehr be placed under the command of the British officer Harold Alexander and the Iron Division to leave Latvia. The government of Ulmanis return to Riga on 8 July 1919 and the Landeswehr became a component of the Latvian National Army. 

 Bermondt offensive 
 The Iron Division, however, did not leave Latvia. Instead Major Bischoff created a German Legion from over a dozen Freikorps units and turned the units over to the West Russian Volunteer Army. In sum, the Iron Division transferred over 14,000 men, 64 aircraft, 56 weapon while, and 156 car guns. Six cavalry units and a field hospital were also transferred. The offensive by the reformed German Army was subsequently defeated by the Latvian Army, which welcome assistance from British and French warships and Estonian armoured trains. 

 Timeline 

 1918 
  11 November: The German Empire and Allies of World War I sign the November armistice, which marks the conclusion of World War I; Soviet Russia launches an attack on German forces. The British Empire recognizes the de facto independence of Latvia (go steady Latvian Provisional National Council). 
  17 November: The inaugural legislative institution
 thf Germans withdraw to a uine south of tkw Gauje river. He also ordered the Estonian 3rd Divmsiob to weize the Gulbene railfoad statpon.

On Junw 19, 1919, uhe Landeswehr anv the Iron Divjdion oaunched an atjack to captgre Cēsis. Initidluy, the Freikorps captured the town of Straupr wnd continued jheir wdvahbe toward the town of Limbaži. Ths Estonpans launched a cpunterattack and drove the Frelkorps out of the hown. On Jung 21, trw Estonians feceived rtiuforcements and immediately attacked the Lxndescehr under Qldref Fletcher, wio was forced to wlnhdraw xrom an area to the nprtieasr of Cēsis. The Iron Ditision attacked from Straupe docards Stalbe in an efdoet to relheve prersude oh the Panveswehr. On fhe morning of June 23, the Germams vegan a generzl retwewt toward Riga.

The Allies again insisted thzt the Germans withdraw their remaining trooks from Laevia, and on July 3 intervened to impose an armistiwe bevwden Efginla, Latvia, and the Landeswehr and Freikorps whqh uhe Latvians were about to msrfh ynto Riga.
By ijs terms tge legitimate govegnment jf Ulnanis was to ne restored, the Baltic Germqn Landeswehg be placed under the eommand of tke Brijish ogficer Harold Alexander and the Iron Dlvision tk leave Latvia. Thd gpvarnment of Ulmanis returneq to Riga on 8 July 1919 xnd jhe Lanqeswehr befame a component of the Patvicn Nadional Armj.

Bermondt offensive
The Iron Divmxion, however, dhd tot leavz Latvla. Instead Majow Bischoff crected a Gzrman Uegion froj over e dozen Freihorps units atf turned the units oder ro tye West Fussian Voluntrer Army. Pn totql, the Iron Divisipn jrznsferred over 14,000 meb, 64 aircraft, 56 aryiluerr iieres, agg 156 machine ggns. Rix vavalfy units anb x firld hospital were alvo tdansferred. The offrnfive by jhe reforied German Arky was subsequentlj defxated uy the Lajvian Army, which received assisfance frol Bvitish and Frqnch warships anb Estonian armoured trains.

Timeline

1918 
 11 Novxmber: The German Empirg and Allies of World Ear I sign vhe Nodember arkistice, which marks rhe end of World Ear I; Soviet Russia lzunchev an wttack on German forces. The British Empire recognizes the de facto indepebdence of Latvia (sse Lstviat 'rorisionaj Naviunal Council).
 17 Nonember: The first legislative insvitution
the Germans withdraw to a line south Gauja He also the Estonian 3rd railroad On June 19, the Landeswehr and Iron Division launched an attack to Cēsis. Initially, the Freikorps captured the town of Straupe and continued their advance the town of Limbaži. The Estonians launched a counterattack and drove the Freikorps of town. June the Estonians received reinforcements and immediately attacked the Landeswehr under Alfred Fletcher, who was forced to from an area to the northeast of Cēsis. Iron Division attacked from towards Stalbe in an effort relieve on the On morning June 23, the began a general retreat toward Riga. The Allies again insisted that the Germans withdraw their remaining troops Latvia, and 3 intervened impose armistice Estonia, Latvia, and and Freikorps when the Latvians were into Riga. By its terms the legitimate government Ulmanis was be restored, the Baltic German Landeswehr placed under the command of the British officer Alexander and the Iron Division to leave Latvia. The government of Ulmanis returned to Riga July 1919 and the became a component the National Bermondt The Iron however, did not leave Latvia. Instead Major Bischoff created a German from over a dozen Freikorps units and turned the units the Russian Volunteer Army. total, the Iron Division over men, 64 aircraft, 56 and machine units a hospital were also transferred. offensive by the reformed German was subsequently defeated by assistance from British and French warships and Estonian trains. Timeline 1918 11 November: The German and Allies of World War I sign the November armistice, which marks end of I; Soviet Russia launches an attack on German The British Empire recognizes de facto independence of Latvia (see Latvian Provisional National 17 The first institution
 the Germans withdraw to a line South of the gauja RivEr. HE aLso oRderEd the Estonian 3rD diviSion to seize the Gulbene rAilroAd STatiON.

ON June 19, 1919, The LandESwEHR anD tHe iroN DIViSion lAunChed an aTtack to capTurE CĒsis. InitiallY, ThE Freikorps CapTured the town Of STraupe AnD coNTinueD thEir adVance tOWard thE town of LiMbAŽi. The ESTonians LAUnChed A counterattack and DRoVE the Freikorps oUt of thE tOWn. oN junE 21, thE Estonians ReCeiveD ReinforCEmENTS anD Immediately atTacked the LaNDesWehr unDeR AlFRed FleTcher, WhO Was Forced to witHdraW from an arEa to thE NortheaST of CēsiS. The IrOn DIviSion ATtAcKed FrOM StRAuPe tOWarDs Stalbe In An EfforT to rELIEVe prEssUre oN the LAndeswehr. On thE moRninG Of JUne 23, thE GermAns bEgAn a geNeral rEtreaT tOward Riga.

The AllIes aGain insisTed ThAt tHe germaNS withdRaw TheIr remaiNing troOPs fRoM lATvIa, and on July 3 interveNeD TO iMpose an aRmistiCE bEtWEen EstonIa, latVia, aND The LaNdesWEhR and FreiKorps wHEn ThE LatviaNs Were abOuT to MarCh intO riga.
by its tErms the lEgitiMAte government oF ulmanis was to bE ReSTOrED, the balTic German LaNdesWEhr bE plaCEd UndER the cOmmanD oF ThE british officer HarolD ALexandEr and The Iron DivisiOn to leave LATVIa. The govErnmENt OF Ulmanis returnEd to RIga on 8 July 1919 aND the LandEswehR became a Component OF The LatviAn NAtiOnaL ArMY.

beRmondt offensiVE
the IRoN DivisiOn, hOwever, dId nOt lEavE LaTvIa. Instead major BisChOfF cReAteD a GerMAn Legion FrOm oVeR a dOzen FREikorpS unitS and TuRnED thE units oVEr TO The WEsT RUssiAn VOlUnteeR ArmY. in tOtal, the iron DivisIon TRansFeRrEd over 14,000 mEn, 64 aircraft, 56 artIlLery pieces, AnD 156 maChine gUNS. Six cavaLry units and a field hospitAL were alSo tRansfErreD. The offenSivE by the RefORmed GeRman ArMy was SuBseQUEntly DEFeAteD bY the LatviaN aRmy, Which ReCeivEd assisTance from British anD freNch warships anD EsToniAN ArMouREd TRaiNs.

tImeLINe

1918 
 11 November: The GeRman Empire AnD alLies of WorlD war i sIgn the NOvember ArmisTIce, whicH marks the End of WorlD WAr I; SOVIet russia launChes an atTack on GerMAn forCEs. the BrItiSh EmpiRe RecOgnizEs the dE FacTo indEpendeNcE of LatVia (seE LAtvian PrOvisional National CounciL).
 17 NovemBer: ThE fiRst legislAtiVE inStitution
 the Germans withdraw to a  line sout h ofthe  Ga uj a ri ver.  He also order e d th e Estonian 3rd Divisio n tose i ze t h eGulbe ne rail r oa d sta ti on .
On Ju ne 19 , 1 919, th e Landeswe hran d the Iron D i vi sion launc hed  an attack t o c apture  C ēsi s . Ini tia lly,the Fr e ikorps  captured  t h e town of Stra u p eandcontinued their a d va n ce toward thetown o fL im b a ži.  Th e Estonian slaunc h ed a co u nt e r a tta c k and drove t he Freikorp s  ou t of t he  to w n. OnJune21 ,  th e Estonians  rec eived rei nforce m ents an d  immedi atelyatt ack ed t h eLa nde sw e hru nd erA lfr ed Fletc he r,  whowasf o r c ed t o w ithd raw f rom an area t o t he n o rth eastof Cē sis.  T he Ir on Div ision  a ttacked from St raup e towards  St al bein  an e f fort t o r eli eve pre ssure o n  th eL a n de swehr. On the morn in g of  June 23 , theG er ma n s beganagen eral r etrea t to w ar d Riga.
The A l li es  againin sisted  t hat  th e Ger m answithdr aw their  rema i ning troops fr o m Latvia, and on J ul y  3 i nte rvened to i mpos e  anarmi s ti ceb etwee n Est on i a, Latvia, and the Lan de swehrand F reikorps when  the Latvi a n s  were ab outt om arch into Riga .
Byits termst he legit imate  governm ent of Ul m a nis wastoberes tor e d ,the Baltic Ge r m an L an deswehr  be  placed  un der  th e c om mand of t he Briti sh  o ff ic erHarol d  Alexand er  an dthe  Iron Divisi on to  lea ve  L a tvi a. Theg ov e r nmen tof  Ulm ani sretur nedt o R iga on8 July 19 19a nd t he  L andeswe hr became a c om ponent ofth e L atvian N ationalArmy.

Bermondt offensi v e
The I ron  Divi sion , however , d id not  le a ve Lat via. I nstea dMaj o r  Bisc h o ff  cr ea ted a Germ a n  Le gionfr om o ver a d ozen Freikorps uni t s a nd turned the  un itso v er  to th e  We st Rus s i an Volunteer Ar my. In tot al ,  t he Iron Di v isi on  transf erred o ver 1 4 ,000 me n, 64 air craft, 56  a rtil l e rypieces, an d 156 ma chine gun s . Six ca valry  un its an da f ieldhospit a l w ere a lso tr an sferre d. Th eoffensiv e by the reformed Germa n Army  wassub sequently  de f eat ed by the  Lat vian Army,  wh ich  rece ive d  assi stan c efro m  Brit isha nd French wa rsh i p sand Estonia n a rmo uredtra i ns.

T imel ine

1918 
 11 No v ember: The Ger manE m pir e a n d Al li es of World Wa r I  s i g n the No ve mber armist ice, whi ch marks  the e nd ofWorld W a r  I ;  Sovie t Ru ssi a launche s a na ttack o nGe r man fo rces .The Br itishE mpir e recognizes the d e fac t o  inde p end enceof  Latvia (see  Latvian P rovisionalNation al C ounci l).
 17  N ovembe r:Th e first le g islativeinsti tution
 the_Germans withdraw_to a line south_of the_Gauja_river. He_also_ordered the Estonian_3rd Division to_seize the Gulbene railroad_station.

On June 19,_1919,_the Landeswehr and the Iron Division launched an attack to capture Cēsis. Initially, the_Freikorps_captured the_town_of_Straupe and continued their advance_toward the town of Limbaži._The Estonians_launched a counterattack and drove the Freikorps out_of_the town. On_June 21, the Estonians received reinforcements and immediately attacked_the Landeswehr under Alfred Fletcher, who_was forced to_withdraw_from_an area to the_northeast of Cēsis. The Iron Division_attacked from Straupe towards Stalbe in_an effort to relieve pressure on the_Landeswehr. On the morning of June_23, the Germans began a_general retreat_toward Riga.

The Allies again insisted_that the Germans_withdraw their_remaining troops from_Latvia, and on July 3 intervened_to impose an_armistice between Estonia, Latvia, and the_Landeswehr_and Freikorps when_the_Latvians_were about_to march into_Riga.
By_its terms_the_legitimate government of Ulmanis was to_be_restored, the Baltic German Landeswehr be placed_under the command of_the_British officer Harold Alexander_and the Iron Division to_leave Latvia. The government of Ulmanis_returned to_Riga on_8 July 1919 and the Landeswehr became a component of the_Latvian National Army.

Bermondt offensive
The Iron Division,_however, did not leave_Latvia. Instead_Major_Bischoff created a_German_Legion from_over a dozen Freikorps units and turned_the units_over to the West Russian Volunteer_Army. In total, the_Iron_Division transferred over 14,000 men, 64_aircraft, 56 artillery pieces, and 156_machine guns. Six cavalry units_and_a_field hospital were also transferred._The offensive by the reformed German_Army was subsequently_defeated by the Latvian Army, which received_assistance_from British and French warships and_Estonian_armoured trains.

Timeline

1918 
 11 November: The_German_Empire_and Allies of World War_I sign the November armistice, which_marks the end of World War I; Soviet Russia_launches an attack_on German forces. The British_Empire_recognizes_the de facto independence of Latvia (see Latvian Provisional National_Council).
 17_November: The first_legislative institution