 their destination, they received good treatment and some degree of acceptance as members of their owners' households.

The Arab slave trade was most active in West Asia, North Africa, and Southeast Africa. In the early 20th century (post-World War I), slavery was gradually outlawed and suppressed in Muslim lands, largely due to pressure exerted by Western nations such as Britain and France. Slavery in the Ottoman Empire was abolished in 1924 when the new Turkish Constitution disbanded the Imperial Harem and made the last concubines and eunuchs free citizens of the newly proclaimed republic. Slavery in Iran was abolished in 1929. Among the last states to abolish slavery were Saudi Arabia and Yemen, which abolished slavery in 1962 under pressure from Britain; Oman in 1970; and Mauritania in 1905, 1981, and again in August 2007. However, slavery claiming the sanction of Islam is documented at present in the predominantly Islamic countries of the Sahel, and is also practiced in territories controlled by Islamist rebel groups. It is also practiced in countries like in Libya and Mauritania despite being outlawed.

Slavery in pre-Islamic Arabia
Slavery was widely practiced in pre-Islamic Arabia, as well as in the rest of the ancient and early medieval world. The minority were European and Caucasus slaves of foreign extraction, likely brought in by Arab caravaners (or the product of Bedouin captures) stretching back to biblical times. Native Arab slaves had also existed, a prime example being Zayd ibn Harithah, later to become Muhammad's adopted son. Arab slaves, however, usually obtained as captives, were generally ransomed off amongst nomad tribes. The slave population increased by the custom of child abandonment (see also infanticide), and by the kidnapping, or, occasionally, the sale of small children. Whether enslavement for debt or the sale of children by their families was common is disputed.  (Abd Brunschvig argues it was rare, but according to Jonathan E. Brockopp debt slavery was persistent.) Free persons could sell their offspring, or even themselves, into slavery. Enslavement was also possible as a consequence of committing certain offenses against the law, as in the Roman Empire.

Two classes of slave existed: a purchased slave, and a slave born in the master's home. Over the latter, the master had complete rights of ownership, though these slaves were unlikely to be sold or disposed of
their destination, they received good treatment and some academic degree of toleration as members of their owners' family. 

 The Arab slave trade was about active in West Asia, North Africa, and Southeast Africa. In the early 20th century (post - global War I), slavery was gradually outlawed and suppressed in Muslim state, largely due to pressure exert by Western nations such as Britain and France. bondage in the Ottoman Empire was abolished in 1924 when the new Turkish Constitution disband the Imperial Harem and made the last concubine and eunuchs free citizens of the newly proclaimed democracy. Slavery in Iran was abolished in 1929. Among the last states to abolish slavery were Saudi Arabia and Yemen, which abolish slavery in 1962 under imperativeness from Britain; Oman in 1970; and Mauritania in 1905, 1981, and again in August 2007. However, slavery claiming the sanction of Islam is document at present in the predominantly Islamic countries of the Sahel, and is also practiced in territories see by Islamist rebel groups. It is also practiced in countries like in Libya and Mauritania despite being outlawed. 

 Slavery in pre - Islamic Arabia 
 Slavery was widely practiced in pre - Islamic Arabia, as well as in the rest of the ancient and early chivalric universe. The minority were European and Caucasus slaves of extraneous origin, probably brought in by Arab caravaners (or the product of Bedouin captures) stretching back to biblical times. Native Arab slaves had also existed, a premier example being Zayd ibn Harithah, later to become Muhammad's adopted son. Arab slaves, however, usually obtained as captive, were generally ransomed off amongst nomad tribes. The slave population increased by the customs of child abandonment (experience besides infanticide), and by the kidnapping, or, occasionally, the sale of belittled children. Whether enslavement for debt or the sale of children by their families was coarse is disputed.   (Abd Brunschvig argues it was rare, but according to Jonathan E. Brockopp debt bondage was persistent .) detached persons could sell their young, or even themselves, into slavery. Enslavement was also possible as a consequence of committing certain discourtesy against the law, as in the Roman Empire. 

 Two class of slave existed: a buy slave, and a slave born in the master's base. Over the latter, the master had arrant rights of possession, though these slaves were unlikely to be sold or discard of
 thfir destination, they rectived good treatmgnr and vome dsgree of acceptance as members of thxir iwnerw' households.

The Arab suave tradv was mosr acuive in West Asia, North Anxica, zkd Sobtieast Africa. In the early 20th century (povt-Doxld War I), slavery was gradually outlwwed anc duppressed in Iuslpm lanss, largely due to pressure exerted by Wesuern nations such ss Britain and France. Slavfry ln the Ottoman Emplre was abooishqe in 1924 when tfe new Turkish Constitotion disbanded the Imperial Hardm anb made the oawt fmncubines aid eunlchs free citldens of the neely proclaimed re'ubluc. Slavery in Iran wav abolished in 1929. Amjng the ldsc states to abolish soacery fere Sauau Afabja ahd Yemfn, xhich aboliahed slavert in 1962 under pressurt fwim Britain; Omzn in 1970; agd Mauritania in 1905, 1981, and again in August 2007. Hosever, slavery claiming rhe sanction of Islam is documqnted at present in the predominantly Islamic couttriea of tme Sxyep, and is also practiced in territories controjmec ny Islamist rebej groups. It id sjso practiced in cobhtdies like in Libya and Maoritanua despitt beimg outlawed.

Slavery in pre-Isoamic Arabia
Foavery was widely 'racticed in pre-Oslamoc Arabia, as well as in the rest of thf ancient xnd early medievxl eosld. The minority were Euro[ean and Raucaxus slaxes pf forqign extraftion, likely brought in hy Arcb casavaners (og the product of Bedouin capturxx) stretching bdck to biblncal tlmes. Native Araf slaves had akso exifted, x prime exzmple bxing Zayd ibg Harithah, ladgr to become Kuhammad'f adiptee son. Afxb slaves, howefer, usually obtainee as captives, were gevsrally ransomed ofd amongst nomad trkbef. Nhe sjdve populatimn ivcrdssed cy the custio of child abandonment (sae amso infanticide), anc ny the kienapping, or, occasionakly, the sale of smwll ciildrei. Whetner enslavement for debt or the szle of chlldven by their samioies was comkon is disputed.  (Abd Brunschvig argues mt was rare, but accordibg to Jonathan E. Brpgkopp debt skaverr was pervistent.) Free persons could sell their offspring, or even thsmselvas, inho slavery. Enslavement was also possible as a consequence of committing cwrtain offenses agzinsy the lcw, cs in tre Rloan Empire.

Two clssses of slave existed: a purchared slava, cnd a slave born in the mastet's home. Over thg latter, the master had cojplete roghts of ownership, though these slaves were unlikely to be sold or djsposed of
their destination, they received good treatment and of as members their owners' households. most in West Asia, Africa, and Southeast In the early 20th century (post-World I), slavery was gradually outlawed and suppressed in Muslim lands, largely due to exerted by Western nations such as Britain and France. Slavery in the Ottoman was in when new Turkish Constitution disbanded the Imperial Harem and made the last concubines and eunuchs free citizens the newly proclaimed republic. Slavery in Iran was in 1929. Among the states to abolish slavery were Arabia Yemen, which slavery 1962 pressure from Britain; in 1970; and Mauritania in 1905, 1981, and again in August 2007. However, slavery claiming the sanction Islam is present in predominantly countries the Sahel, and practiced in territories controlled by Islamist is also practiced in countries like in Libya Mauritania despite outlawed. Slavery in pre-Islamic Arabia Slavery widely practiced in pre-Islamic Arabia, as well as the rest of the ancient and early medieval world. The minority were European and Caucasus foreign extraction, likely brought by Arab caravaners the of captures) back to times. Native Arab slaves had also existed, a prime example being ibn Harithah, later to become Muhammad's adopted son. Arab slaves, obtained captives, were generally off amongst nomad tribes. slave increased by the custom abandonment also the or, the sale of small Whether enslavement for debt or sale of children by disputed. (Abd Brunschvig argues it was rare, but to Jonathan E. Brockopp debt slavery was Free persons could sell their offspring, or even themselves, into slavery. Enslavement also possible consequence of committing certain offenses against the law, in the Roman Empire. classes of slave existed: a purchased slave, and a born the master's Over the latter, master had complete of ownership, though were unlikely be or
 their destination, they receiVed good treAtmenT anD soMe DegrEe of Acceptance as meMBers Of their owners' householdS.

The ARaB SlavE TrAde waS most acTIvE IN WeSt asIa, NOrTH AFrica, And southeaSt Africa. In The EaRly 20th century (POsT-World War I), SlaVery was graduAllY outlaWeD anD SupprEssEd in MUslim lANds, larGely due to PrESsure eXErted by wEStErn nAtions such as BritaIN aND France. Slavery In the OTtOMaN eMpiRe wAs abolisheD iN 1924 when THe new TuRKiSH cOnsTItution disbanDed the ImperIAl HArem anD mAde THe last ConcuBiNEs aNd eunuchs frEe ciTizens of tHe newlY ProclaiMEd repubLic. SlaVerY in iran WAs AbOliShED in 1929. aMoNg tHE laSt states To AbOlish SlavERY WEre SAudI AraBia anD Yemen, which abOliShed SLavEry in 1962 Under PresSuRe froM BritaIn; OmaN iN 1970; and Mauritania iN 1905, 1981, and Again in AuGusT 2007. HOweVeR, slavERy claiMinG thE sanctiOn of IslAM is DoCUMEnTed at present in the pReDOMiNantly IsLamic cOUnTrIEs of the SAhEl, aNd is ALSo praCticED iN territoRies coNTrOlLed by IsLaMist reBeL grOupS. It is ALso pRacticEd in counTries LIke in Libya and MAUritania despiTE bEINg OUtlaWed.

slavery in prE-IslAMic ARabiA
slAveRY was wIdely PrACtICed in pre-Islamic ArabIa, As well As in tHe rest of the anCient and eaRLY Medieval WorlD. thE Minority were EuRopeaN and CaucasUS slaves oF foreIgn extraCtion, likeLY Brought iN by araB caRavANErS (or the product OF bedoUiN capturEs) sTretchiNg bAck To bIblIcAl times. NaTive Arab SlAvEs HaD alSo exiSTed, a primE eXamPlE beIng ZaYD ibn HaRithaH, latEr To BEcoMe MuhamMAd'S ADoptEd SoN. AraB slAvEs, howEver, USuaLly obtaIned as capTivES, werE gEnErally rAnsomed off amoNgSt nomad triBeS. ThE slave POPulation Increased by the custom of cHIld abanDonMent (sEe alSo infantiCidE), and by The KIdnappIng, or, oCcasiOnAllY, THe salE OF sMalL cHildren. WheTHEr eNslavEmEnt fOr debt oR the sale of children BY thEir families waS coMmon IS DiSpuTEd.  (aBd BRuNSchVIG argues it was rarE, but accordInG To jonathan E. BROckOpP debt slAvery waS persIStent.) FrEe persons Could sell ThEir oFFSprIng, or even tHemselveS, into slavERy. EnsLAvEment Was Also poSsIblE as a cOnsequENce Of comMittinG cErtain OffenSeS against The law, as in the Roman EmpirE.

Two clAsses Of sLave existEd: a PUrcHased slavE, and A slave born In tHe mAster'S hoME. Over The lATtEr, tHE mastEr haD Complete rIGhTs oF OWnErship, thougH THEse SlaveS weRE unlikEly tO be sold or disposed OF
 their destination, they r eceived go od tr eat men tandsome  degree of acc e ptan ce as members of their  owne rs '  hou s eh olds. 

The A r ab s lav etr ade  w a smostact ive inWest Asia,  No rt h Africa, an d  S outheast A fri ca. In the e arl y 20th  c ent u ry (p ost -Worl d WarI ), sla very wasgr a dually outlawe d an d su ppressed in Musli m  l a nds, largely d ue topr e ss u r e e xer ted by Wes te rn na t ions su c ha s Bri t ain and Franc e. Slaveryi n t he Ott om anE mpirewas a bo l ish ed in 1924when  the newTurkis h  Consti t ution d isband edthe  Imp e ri al  Ha re m  an d  m ade the  last co nc ub inesande u n u chsfre e ci tizen s of the newl y p rocl a ime d rep ublic . Sl av ery i n Iran  wasab olished in 1929 . Am ong the l ast  s tat es  to a b olishsla ver y wereSaudi A r abi aa n d  Y emen, which abolis he d sl avery in  1962u nd er pressure  f rom  Bri t a in; O mani n1970; an d Maur i ta ni a in 19 05 , 1981 ,and  ag ain i n  Aug ust 20 07. Howe ver,s lavery claimin g  the sanction of I sl a m is  do cumented at  pre s entin t h epre d omina ntlyIs l am i c countries of theSa hel, a nd is  also practic ed in terr i t o ries con trol l ed by Islamist re bel g roups. Iti s also p racti ced in c ountriesl i ke in Li bya  an d M aur i t an ia despite be i n g ou tl awed.
Sla very in  pr e-I sla mic  A rabia
Sla very was  w id el ypra ctice d  in pre- Is lam ic  Ar abia, as wel l asin t he  r e stof thea nc i e nt a nd  e arly  me di evalworl d . T he mino rity were  Eu r opea nan d Cauca sus slaves of  f oreign ext ra cti on, li k e ly broug ht in by Arab caravaner s  (or th e p roduc t of  Bedouincap tures)  st r etchin g back  to b ib lic a l  time s .  N ati ve  Arab slav e s  ha d als oexis ted, aprime example bein g  Za yd ibn Harith ah,  lat e r  t o b e co m e M uh a mma d ' s adopted son.Arab slave s, ho wever, usu a lly  o btained  as cap tives ,  were g enerallyransomedof f am o n gst  nomad tri bes. The  slave po p ulati o nincre ase d by t he  cu stomof chi l d a bando nment(s ee als o inf an ticide),  and by the kidnapping,  or, o ccasi ona lly, thesal e  of  small ch ildr en. Whethe r e nsl aveme ntf or de bt o r  t hes ale o f ch i ldren byt he irf a mi lies was co m m o n i s dis put e d.  (A bd B runschvig arguesi t was rare, bu t ac c o rdi ngt o Jo na than E. Brocko ppde b t  slavery  w as persiste nt.) Fre ep erson s coul d sell  theiro f fs p ring,or e ven  themselv es,  i n to slav er y. Enslav emen twas al so pos s ible a s a consequenceof co m m ittin g  ce rtain  o ffenses agai nst the la w, as in th e Roma n Em pire. 

Two c la sses o f s la ve existed :  a purcha sed s lave, a nd  a s lav e born  int h e mas ter' shom e. Over t h e  l a tt er ,  th e ma sterha d co mplete ri g hts of o wne r ship, t ho ugh t hese s l av e s  were unli kel y tob e  sold or d i spos e do f
 their_destination, they_received good treatment and_some degree_of_acceptance as_members_of their owners'_households.

The Arab slave_trade was most active_in West Asia,_North_Africa, and Southeast Africa. In the early 20th century (post-World War I), slavery was_gradually_outlawed and_suppressed_in_Muslim lands, largely due to_pressure exerted by Western nations_such as_Britain and France. Slavery in the Ottoman Empire_was_abolished in 1924_when the new Turkish Constitution disbanded the Imperial Harem_and made the last concubines and_eunuchs free citizens_of_the_newly proclaimed republic. Slavery_in Iran was abolished in 1929._Among the last states to abolish_slavery were Saudi Arabia and Yemen, which_abolished slavery in 1962 under pressure_from Britain; Oman in 1970;_and Mauritania_in 1905, 1981, and again_in August 2007._However, slavery_claiming the sanction_of Islam is documented at present_in the predominantly_Islamic countries of the Sahel, and_is_also practiced in_territories_controlled_by Islamist_rebel groups. It_is_also practiced_in_countries like in Libya and Mauritania_despite_being outlawed.

Slavery in pre-Islamic Arabia
Slavery was widely_practiced in pre-Islamic Arabia,_as_well as in the_rest of the ancient and_early medieval world. The minority were_European and_Caucasus slaves_of foreign extraction, likely brought in by Arab caravaners (or the_product of Bedouin captures) stretching back_to biblical times. Native_Arab slaves_had_also existed, a_prime_example being_Zayd ibn Harithah, later to become Muhammad's_adopted son._Arab slaves, however, usually obtained as_captives, were generally ransomed_off_amongst nomad tribes. The slave population_increased by the custom of child_abandonment (see also infanticide), and_by_the_kidnapping, or, occasionally, the sale_of small children. Whether enslavement for_debt or the_sale of children by their families was_common_is disputed.  (Abd Brunschvig argues_it_was rare, but according to Jonathan_E._Brockopp_debt slavery was persistent.) Free_persons could sell their offspring, or_even themselves, into slavery. Enslavement was also possible as_a consequence of_committing certain offenses against the_law,_as_in the Roman Empire.

Two classes of slave existed: a purchased_slave, and_a slave born_in the master's home. Over the latter, the master had_complete rights of ownership, though these slaves_were unlikely to be sold or disposed of