code:
<?php

/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */

/**
 * The PEAR DB driver for PHP's mysqli extension
 * for interacting with MySQL databases
 *
 * PHP version 5
 *
 * LICENSE: This source file is subject to version 3.0 of the PHP license
 * that is available through the world-wide-web at the following URI:
 * http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt.  If you did not receive a copy of
 * the PHP License and are unable to obtain it through the web, please
 * send a note to license@php.net so we can mail you a copy immediately.
 *
 * @category   Database
 * @package    DB
 * @author     Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
 * @copyright  1997-2007 The PHP Group
 * @license    http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt  PHP License 3.0
 * @version    CVS: $Id$
 * @link       http://pear.php.net/package/DB
 */

/**
 * Obtain the DB_common class so it can be extended from
 */
require_once 'DB/common.php';

/**
 * The methods PEAR DB uses to interact with PHP's mysqli extension
 * for interacting with MySQL databases
 *
 * This is for MySQL versions 4.1 and above.  Requires PHP 5.
 *
 * Note that persistent connections no longer exist.
 *
 * These methods overload the ones declared in DB_common.
 *
 * @category   Database
 * @package    DB
 * @author     Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
 * @copyright  1997-2007 The PHP Group
 * @license    http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt  PHP License 3.0
 * @version    Release: 1.8.2
 * @link       http://pear.php.net/package/DB
 * @since      Class functional since Release 1.6.3
 */
class DB_mysqli extends DB_common
{
    // {{{ properties

    /**
     * The DB driver type (mysql, oci8, odbc, etc.)
     * @var string
     */
    var $phptype = 'mysqli';

    /**
     * The database syntax variant to be used (db2, access, etc.), if any
     * @var string
     */
    var $dbsyntax = 'mysqli';

    /**
     * The capabilities of this DB implementation
     *
     * The 'new_link' element contains the PHP version that first provided
     * new_link support for this DBMS.  Contains false if it's unsupported.
     *
     * Meaning of the 'limit' element:
     *   + 'emulate' = emulate with fetch row by number
     *   + 'alter'   = alter the query
     *   + false     = skip rows
     *
     * @var array
     */
    var $features = array(
        'limit'         => 'alter',
        'new_link'      => false,
        'numrows'       => true,
        'pconnect'      => false,
        'prepare'       => false,
        'ssl'           => true,
        'transactions'  => true,
    );

    /**
     * A mapping of native error codes to DB error codes
     * @var array
     */
    var $errorcode_map = array(
        1004 => DB_ERROR_CANNOT_CREATE,
        1005 => DB_ERROR_CANNOT_CREATE,
        1006 => DB_ERROR_CANNOT_CREATE,
        1007 => DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS,
        1008 => DB_ERROR_CANNOT_DROP,
        1022 => DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS,
        1044 => DB_ERROR_ACCESS_VIOLATION,
        1046 => DB_ERROR_NODBSELECTED,
        1048 => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        1049 => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHDB,
        1050 => DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS,
        1051 => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE,
        1054 => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD,
        1061 => DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS,
        1062 => DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS,
        1064 => DB_ERROR_SYNTAX,
        1091 => DB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND,
        1100 => DB_ERROR_NOT_LOCKED,
        1136 => DB_ERROR_VALUE_COUNT_ON_ROW,
        1142 => DB_ERROR_ACCESS_VIOLATION,
        1146 => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE,
        1216 => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        1217 => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        1356 => DB_ERROR_DIVZERO,
        1451 => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        1452 => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
    );

    /**
     * The raw database connection created by PHP
     * @var resource
     */
    var $connection;

    /**
     * The DSN information for connecting to a database
     * @var array
     */
    var $dsn = array();

    /**
     * Should data manipulation queries be committed automatically?
     * @var bool
     * @access private
     */
    var $autocommit = true;

    /**
     * The quantity of transactions begun
     *
     * {@internal  While this is private, it can't actually be designated
     * private in PHP 5 because it is directly accessed in the test suite.}}
     *
     * @var integer
     * @access private
     */
    var $transaction_opcount = 0;

    /**
     * The database specified in the DSN
     *
     * It's a fix to allow calls to different databases in the same script.
     *
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    var $_db = '';

    /**
     * Array for converting MYSQLI_*_FLAG constants to text values
     * @var    array
     * @access public
     * @since  Property available since Release 1.6.5
     */
    var $mysqli_flags = array(
        MYSQLI_NOT_NULL_FLAG        => 'not_null',
        MYSQLI_PRI_KEY_FLAG         => 'primary_key',
        MYSQLI_UNIQUE_KEY_FLAG      => 'unique_key',
        MYSQLI_MULTIPLE_KEY_FLAG    => 'multiple_key',
        MYSQLI_BLOB_FLAG            => 'blob',
        MYSQLI_UNSIGNED_FLAG        => 'unsigned',
        MYSQLI_ZEROFILL_FLAG        => 'zerofill',
        MYSQLI_AUTO_INCREMENT_FLAG  => 'auto_increment',
        MYSQLI_TIMESTAMP_FLAG       => 'timestamp',
        MYSQLI_SET_FLAG             => 'set',
        // MYSQLI_NUM_FLAG             => 'numeric',  // unnecessary
        // MYSQLI_PART_KEY_FLAG        => 'multiple_key',  // duplicatvie
        MYSQLI_GROUP_FLAG           => 'group_by'
    );

    /**
     * Array for converting MYSQLI_TYPE_* constants to text values
     * @var    array
     * @access public
     * @since  Property available since Release 1.6.5
     */
    var $mysqli_types = array(
        MYSQLI_TYPE_DECIMAL     => 'decimal',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_TINY        => 'tinyint',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_SHORT       => 'int',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_LONG        => 'int',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_FLOAT       => 'float',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_DOUBLE      => 'double',
        // MYSQLI_TYPE_NULL        => 'DEFAULT NULL',  // let flags handle it
        MYSQLI_TYPE_TIMESTAMP   => 'timestamp',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_LONGLONG    => 'bigint',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_INT24       => 'mediumint',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_DATE        => 'date',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_TIME        => 'time',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_DATETIME    => 'datetime',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_YEAR        => 'year',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_NEWDATE     => 'date',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_ENUM        => 'enum',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_SET         => 'set',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_TINY_BLOB   => 'tinyblob',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_MEDIUM_BLOB => 'mediumblob',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_LONG_BLOB   => 'longblob',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_BLOB        => 'blob',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_VAR_STRING  => 'varchar',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_STRING      => 'char',
        MYSQLI_TYPE_GEOMETRY    => 'geometry',
        /* These constants are conditionally compiled in ext/mysqli, so we'll
         * define them by number rather than constant. */
        16                      => 'bit',
        246                     => 'decimal',
    );

    // }}}
    // {{{ constructor

    /**
     * This constructor calls $this->DB_common()
     *
     * @return void
     */
    function DB_mysqli()
    {
        $this->DB_common();
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ connect()

    /**
     * Connect to the database server, log in and open the database
     *
     * Don't call this method directly.  Use DB::connect() instead.
     *
     * PEAR DB's mysqli driver supports the following extra DSN options:
     *   + When the 'ssl' $option passed to DB::connect() is true:
     *     + key      The path to the key file.
     *     + cert     The path to the certificate file.
     *     + ca       The path to the certificate authority file.
     *     + capath   The path to a directory that contains trusted SSL
     *                 CA certificates in pem format.
     *     + cipher   The list of allowable ciphers for SSL encryption.
     *
     * Example of how to connect using SSL:
     *
     * require_once 'DB.php';
     *
     * $dsn = array(
     *     'phptype'  => 'mysqli',
     *     'username' => 'someuser',
     *     'password' => 'apasswd',
     *     'hostspec' => 'localhost',
     *     'database' => 'thedb',
     *     'key'      => 'client-key.pem',
     *     'cert'     => 'client-cert.pem',
     *     'ca'       => 'cacert.pem',
     *     'capath'   => '/path/to/ca/dir',
     *     'cipher'   => 'AES',
     * );
     *
     * $options = array(
     *     'ssl' => true,
     * );
     *
     * $db = DB::connect($dsn, $options);
     * if (PEAR::isError($db)) {
     *     die($db->getMessage());
     * }
     *
     *
     * @param array $dsn         the data source name
     * @param bool  $persistent  should the connection be persistent?
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function connect($dsn, $persistent = false)
    {
        if (!PEAR::loadExtension('mysqli')) {
            return $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_FOUND);
        }

        $this->dsn = $dsn;
        if ($dsn['dbsyntax']) {
            $this->dbsyntax = $dsn['dbsyntax'];
        }

        $ini = ini_get('track_errors');
        @ini_set('track_errors', 1);
        $php_errormsg = '';

        if (((int) $this->getOption('ssl')) === 1) {
            $init = mysqli_init();
            mysqli_ssl_set(
                $init,
                empty($dsn['key'])    ? null : $dsn['key'],
                empty($dsn['cert'])   ? null : $dsn['cert'],
                empty($dsn['ca'])     ? null : $dsn['ca'],
                empty($dsn['capath']) ? null : $dsn['capath'],
                empty($dsn['cipher']) ? null : $dsn['cipher']
            );
            if ($this->connection = @mysqli_real_connect(
                    $init,
                    $dsn['hostspec'],
                    $dsn['username'],
                    $dsn['password'],
                    $dsn['database'],
                    $dsn['port'],
                    $dsn['socket']))
            {
                $this->connection = $init;
            }
        } else {
            $this->connection = @mysqli_connect(
                $dsn['hostspec'],
                $dsn['username'],
                $dsn['password'],
                $dsn['database'],
                $dsn['port'],
                $dsn['socket']
            );
        }

        @ini_set('track_errors', $ini);

        if (!$this->connection) {
            if (($err = @mysqli_connect_error()) != '') {
                return $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED,
                                         null, null, null,
                                         $err);
            } else {
                return $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED,
                                         null, null, null,
                                         $php_errormsg);
            }
        }

        if ($dsn['database']) {
            $this->_db = $dsn['database'];
        }

        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ disconnect()

    /**
     * Disconnects from the database server
     *
     * @return bool  TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
     */
    function disconnect()
    {
        $ret = @mysqli_close($this->connection);
        $this->connection = null;
        return $ret;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ simpleQuery()

    /**
     * Sends a query to the database server
     *
     * @param string  the SQL query string
     *
     * @return mixed  + a PHP result resrouce for successful SELECT queries
     *                + the DB_OK constant for other successful queries
     *                + a DB_Error object on failure
     */
    function simpleQuery($query)
    {
        $ismanip = $this->_checkManip($query);
        $this->last_query = $query;
        $query = $this->modifyQuery($query);
        if ($this->_db) {
            if (!@mysqli_select_db($this->connection, $this->_db)) {
                return $this->mysqliRaiseError(DB_ERROR_NODBSELECTED);
            }
        }
        if (!$this->autocommit && $ismanip) {
            if ($this->transaction_opcount == 0) {
                $result = @mysqli_query($this->connection, 'SET AUTOCOMMIT=0');
                $result = @mysqli_query($this->connection, 'BEGIN');
                if (!$result) {
                    return $this->mysqliRaiseError();
                }
            }
            $this->transaction_opcount++;
        }
        $result = @mysqli_query($this->connection, $query);
        if (!$result) {
            return $this->mysqliRaiseError();
        }
        if (is_object($result)) {
            return $result;
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ nextResult()

    /**
     * Move the internal mysql result pointer to the next available result.
     *
     * This method has not been implemented yet.
     *
     * @param resource $result a valid sql result resource
     * @return false
     * @access public
     */
    function nextResult($result)
    {
        return false;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ fetchInto()

    /**
     * Places a row from the result set into the given array
     *
     * Formating of the array and the data therein are configurable.
     * See DB_result::fetchInto() for more information.
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::fetchInto() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result    the query result resource
     * @param array    $arr       the referenced array to put the data in
     * @param int      $fetchmode how the resulting array should be indexed
     * @param int      $rownum    the row number to fetch (0 = first row)
     *
     * @return mixed  DB_OK on success, NULL when the end of a result set is
     *                 reached or on failure
     *
     * @see DB_result::fetchInto()
     */
    function fetchInto($result, &$arr, $fetchmode, $rownum = null)
    {
        if ($rownum !== null) {
            if (!@mysqli_data_seek($result, $rownum)) {
                return null;
            }
        }
        if ($fetchmode & DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC) {
            $arr = @mysqli_fetch_array($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC);
            if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE && $arr) {
                $arr = array_change_key_case($arr, CASE_LOWER);
            }
        } else {
            $arr = @mysqli_fetch_row($result);
        }
        if (!$arr) {
            return null;
        }
        if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM) {
            /*
             * Even though this DBMS already trims output, we do this because
             * a field might have intentional whitespace at the end that
             * gets removed by DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM under another driver.
             */
            $this->_rtrimArrayValues($arr);
        }
        if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_NULL_TO_EMPTY) {
            $this->_convertNullArrayValuesToEmpty($arr);
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ freeResult()

    /**
     * Deletes the result set and frees the memory occupied by the result set
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::free() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result  PHP's query result resource
     *
     * @return bool  TRUE on success, FALSE if $result is invalid
     *
     * @see DB_result::free()
     */
    function freeResult($result)
    {
        return is_resource($result) ? mysqli_free_result($result) : false;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ numCols()

    /**
     * Gets the number of columns in a result set
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::numCols() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result  PHP's query result resource
     *
     * @return int  the number of columns.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_result::numCols()
     */
    function numCols($result)
    {
        $cols = @mysqli_num_fields($result);
        if (!$cols) {
            return $this->mysqliRaiseError();
        }
        return $cols;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ numRows()

    /**
     * Gets the number of rows in a result set
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::numRows() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result  PHP's query result resource
     *
     * @return int  the number of rows.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_result::numRows()
     */
    function numRows($result)
    {
        $rows = @mysqli_num_rows($result);
        if ($rows === null) {
            return $this->mysqliRaiseError();
        }
        return $rows;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ autoCommit()

    /**
     * Enables or disables automatic commits
     *
     * @param bool $onoff  true turns it on, false turns it off
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object if the driver
     *               doesn't support auto-committing transactions.
     */
    function autoCommit($onoff = false)
    {
        // XXX if $this->transaction_opcount > 0, we should probably
        // issue a warning here.
        $this->autocommit = $onoff ? true : false;
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ commit()

    /**
     * Commits the current transaction
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function commit()
    {
        if ($this->transaction_opcount > 0) {
            if ($this->_db) {
                if (!@mysqli_select_db($this->connection, $this->_db)) {
                    return $this->mysqliRaiseError(DB_ERROR_NODBSELECTED);
                }
            }
            $result = @mysqli_query($this->connection, 'COMMIT');
            $result = @mysqli_query($this->connection, 'SET AUTOCOMMIT=1');
            $this->transaction_opcount = 0;
            if (!$result) {
                return $this->mysqliRaiseError();
            }
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ rollback()

    /**
     * Reverts the current transaction
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function rollback()
    {
        if ($this->transaction_opcount > 0) {
            if ($this->_db) {
                if (!@mysqli_select_db($this->connection, $this->_db)) {
                    return $this->mysqliRaiseError(DB_ERROR_NODBSELECTED);
                }
            }
            $result = @mysqli_query($this->connection, 'ROLLBACK');
            $result = @mysqli_query($this->connection, 'SET AUTOCOMMIT=1');
            $this->transaction_opcount = 0;
            if (!$result) {
                return $this->mysqliRaiseError();
            }
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ affectedRows()

    /**
     * Determines the number of rows affected by a data maniuplation query
     *
     * 0 is returned for queries that don't manipulate data.
     *
     * @return int  the number of rows.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function affectedRows()
    {
        if ($this->_last_query_manip) {
            return @mysqli_affected_rows($this->connection);
        } else {
            return 0;
        }
     }

    // }}}
    // {{{ nextId()

    /**
     * Returns the next free id in a sequence
     *
     * @param string  $seq_name  name of the sequence
     * @param boolean $ondemand  when true, the seqence is automatically
     *                            created if it does not exist
     *
     * @return int  the next id number in the sequence.
     *               A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::nextID(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
     *      DB_mysqli::createSequence(), DB_mysqli::dropSequence()
     */
    function nextId($seq_name, $ondemand = true)
    {
        $seqname = $this->getSequenceName($seq_name);
        do {
            $repeat = 0;
            $this->pushErrorHandling(PEAR_ERROR_RETURN);
            $result = $this->query('UPDATE ' . $seqname
                                   . ' SET id = LAST_INSERT_ID(id + 1)');
            $this->popErrorHandling();
            if ($result === DB_OK) {
                // COMMON CASE
                $id = @mysqli_insert_id($this->connection);
                if ($id != 0) {
                    return $id;
                }

                // EMPTY SEQ TABLE
                // Sequence table must be empty for some reason,
                // so fill it and return 1
                // Obtain a user-level lock
                $result = $this->getOne('SELECT GET_LOCK('
                                        . "'${seqname}_lock', 10)");
                if (DB::isError($result)) {
                    return $this->raiseError($result);
                }
                if ($result == 0) {
                    return $this->mysqliRaiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_LOCKED);
                }

                // add the default value
                $result = $this->query('REPLACE INTO ' . $seqname
                                       . ' (id) VALUES (0)');
                if (DB::isError($result)) {
                    return $this->raiseError($result);
                }

                // Release the lock
                $result = $this->getOne('SELECT RELEASE_LOCK('
                                        . "'${seqname}_lock')");
                if (DB::isError($result)) {
                    return $this->raiseError($result);
                }
                // We know what the result will be, so no need to try again
                return 1;

            } elseif ($ondemand && DB::isError($result) &&
                $result->getCode() == DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE)
            {
                // ONDEMAND TABLE CREATION
                $result = $this->createSequence($seq_name);

                // Since createSequence initializes the ID to be 1,
                // we do not need to retrieve the ID again (or we will get 2)
                if (DB::isError($result)) {
                    return $this->raiseError($result);
                } else {
                    // First ID of a newly created sequence is 1
                    return 1;
                }

            } elseif (DB::isError($result) &&
                      $result->getCode() == DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS)
            {
                // BACKWARDS COMPAT
                // see _BCsequence() comment
                $result = $this->_BCsequence($seqname);
                if (DB::isError($result)) {
                    return $this->raiseError($result);
                }
                $repeat = 1;
            }
        } while ($repeat);

        return $this->raiseError($result);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new sequence
     *
     * @param string $seq_name  name of the new sequence
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::createSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
     *      DB_mysqli::nextID(), DB_mysqli::dropSequence()
     */
    function createSequence($seq_name)
    {
        $seqname = $this->getSequenceName($seq_name);
        $res = $this->query('CREATE TABLE ' . $seqname
                            . ' (id INTEGER UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,'
                            . ' PRIMARY KEY(id))');
        if (DB::isError($res)) {
            return $res;
        }
        // insert yields value 1, nextId call will generate ID 2
        return $this->query("INSERT INTO ${seqname} (id) VALUES (0)");
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ dropSequence()

    /**
     * Deletes a sequence
     *
     * @param string $seq_name  name of the sequence to be deleted
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::dropSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
     *      DB_mysql::nextID(), DB_mysql::createSequence()
     */
    function dropSequence($seq_name)
    {
        return $this->query('DROP TABLE ' . $this->getSequenceName($seq_name));
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ _BCsequence()

    /**
     * Backwards compatibility with old sequence emulation implementation
     * (clean up the dupes)
     *
     * @param string $seqname  the sequence name to clean up
     *
     * @return bool  true on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @access private
     */
    function _BCsequence($seqname)
    {
        // Obtain a user-level lock... this will release any previous
        // application locks, but unlike LOCK TABLES, it does not abort
        // the current transaction and is much less frequently used.
        $result = $this->getOne("SELECT GET_LOCK('${seqname}_lock',10)");
        if (DB::isError($result)) {
            return $result;
        }
        if ($result == 0) {
            // Failed to get the lock, can't do the conversion, bail
            // with a DB_ERROR_NOT_LOCKED error
            return $this->mysqliRaiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_LOCKED);
        }

        $highest_id = $this->getOne("SELECT MAX(id) FROM ${seqname}");
        if (DB::isError($highest_id)) {
            return $highest_id;
        }

        // This should kill all rows except the highest
        // We should probably do something if $highest_id isn't
        // numeric, but I'm at a loss as how to handle that...
        $result = $this->query('DELETE FROM ' . $seqname
                               . " WHERE id <> $highest_id");
        if (DB::isError($result)) {
            return $result;
        }

        // If another thread has been waiting for this lock,
        // it will go thru the above procedure, but will have no
        // real effect
        $result = $this->getOne("SELECT RELEASE_LOCK('${seqname}_lock')");
        if (DB::isError($result)) {
            return $result;
        }
        return true;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ quoteIdentifier()

    /**
     * Quotes a string so it can be safely used as a table or column name
     * (WARNING: using names that require this is a REALLY BAD IDEA)
     *
     * WARNING:  Older versions of MySQL can't handle the backtick
     * character (`) in table or column names.
     *
     * @param string $str  identifier name to be quoted
     *
     * @return string  quoted identifier string
     *
     * @see DB_common::quoteIdentifier()
     * @since Method available since Release 1.6.0
     */
    function quoteIdentifier($str)
    {
        return '`' . str_replace('`', '``', $str) . '`';
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ escapeSimple()

    /**
     * Escapes a string according to the current DBMS's standards
     *
     * @param string $str  the string to be escaped
     *
     * @return string  the escaped string
     *
     * @see DB_common::quoteSmart()
     * @since Method available since Release 1.6.0
     */
    function escapeSimple($str)
    {
        return @mysqli_real_escape_string($this->connection, $str);
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ modifyLimitQuery()

    /**
     * Adds LIMIT clauses to a query string according to current DBMS standards
     *
     * @param string $query   the query to modify
     * @param int    $from    the row to start to fetching (0 = the first row)
     * @param int    $count   the numbers of rows to fetch
     * @param mixed  $params  array, string or numeric data to be used in
     *                         execution of the statement.  Quantity of items
     *                         passed must match quantity of placeholders in
     *                         query:  meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
     *                         parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
     *
     * @return string  the query string with LIMIT clauses added
     *
     * @access protected
     */
    function modifyLimitQuery($query, $from, $count, $params = array())
    {
        if (DB::isManip($query) || $this->_next_query_manip) {
            return $query . " LIMIT $count";
        } else {
            return $query . " LIMIT $from, $count";
        }
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ mysqliRaiseError()

    /**
     * Produces a DB_Error object regarding the current problem
     *
     * @param int $errno  if the error is being manually raised pass a
     *                     DB_ERROR* constant here.  If this isn't passed
     *                     the error information gathered from the DBMS.
     *
     * @return object  the DB_Error object
     *
     * @see DB_common::raiseError(),
     *      DB_mysqli::errorNative(), DB_common::errorCode()
     */
    function mysqliRaiseError($errno = null)
    {
        if ($errno === null) {
            if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_ERRORS) {
                $this->errorcode_map[1022] = DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT;
                $this->errorcode_map[1048] = DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT_NOT_NULL;
                $this->errorcode_map[1062] = DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT;
            } else {
                // Doing this in case mode changes during runtime.
                $this->errorcode_map[1022] = DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS;
                $this->errorcode_map[1048] = DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT;
                $this->errorcode_map[1062] = DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS;
            }
            $errno = $this->errorCode(mysqli_errno($this->connection));
        }
        return $this->raiseError($errno, null, null, null,
                                 @mysqli_errno($this->connection) . ' ** ' .
                                 @mysqli_error($this->connection));
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ errorNative()

    /**
     * Gets the DBMS' native error code produced by the last query
     *
     * @return int  the DBMS' error code
     */
    function errorNative()
    {
        return @mysqli_errno($this->connection);
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ tableInfo()

    /**
     * Returns information about a table or a result set
     *
     * @param object|string  $result  DB_result object from a query or a
     *                                 string containing the name of a table.
     *                                 While this also accepts a query result
     *                                 resource identifier, this behavior is
     *                                 deprecated.
     * @param int            $mode    a valid tableInfo mode
     *
     * @return array  an associative array with the information requested.
     *                 A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::setOption()
     */
    function tableInfo($result, $mode = null)
    {
        if (is_string($result)) {
            // Fix for bug #11580.
            if ($this->_db) {
                if (!@mysqli_select_db($this->connection, $this->_db)) {
                    return $this->mysqliRaiseError(DB_ERROR_NODBSELECTED);
                }
            }

            /*
             * Probably received a table name.
             * Create a result resource identifier.
             */
            $id = @mysqli_query($this->connection,
                                "SELECT * FROM $result LIMIT 0");
            $got_string = true;
        } elseif (isset($result->result)) {
            /*
             * Probably received a result object.
             * Extract the result resource identifier.
             */
            $id = $result->result;
            $got_string = false;
        } else {
            /*
             * Probably received a result resource identifier.
             * Copy it.
             * Deprecated.  Here for compatibility only.
             */
            $id = $result;
            $got_string = false;
        }

        if (!is_object($id) || !is_a($id, 'mysqli_result')) {
            return $this->mysqliRaiseError(DB_ERROR_NEED_MORE_DATA);
        }

        if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE) {
            $case_func = 'strtolower';
        } else {
            $case_func = 'strval';
        }

        $count = @mysqli_num_fields($id);
        $res   = array();

        if ($mode) {
            $res['num_fields'] = $count;
        }

        for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
            $tmp = @mysqli_fetch_field($id);

            $flags = '';
            foreach ($this->mysqli_flags as $const => $means) {
                if ($tmp->flags & $const) {
                    $flags .= $means . ' ';
                }
            }
            if ($tmp->def) {
                $flags .= 'default_' . rawurlencode($tmp->def);
            }
            $flags = trim($flags);

            $res[$i] = array(
                'table' => $case_func($tmp->table),
                'name'  => $case_func($tmp->name),
                'type'  => isset($this->mysqli_types[$tmp->type])
                                    ? $this->mysqli_types[$tmp->type]
                                    : 'unknown',
                // http://bugs.php.net/?id=36579
                'len'   => $tmp->length,
                'flags' => $flags,
            );

            if ($mode & DB_TABLEINFO_ORDER) {
                $res['order'][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
            }
            if ($mode & DB_TABLEINFO_ORDERTABLE) {
                $res['ordertable'][$res[$i]['table']][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
            }
        }

        // free the result only if we were called on a table
        if ($got_string) {
            @mysqli_free_result($id);
        }
        return $res;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ getSpecialQuery()

    /**
     * Obtains the query string needed for listing a given type of objects
     *
     * @param string $type  the kind of objects you want to retrieve
     *
     * @return string  the SQL query string or null if the driver doesn't
     *                  support the object type requested
     *
     * @access protected
     * @see DB_common::getListOf()
     */
    function getSpecialQuery($type)
    {
        switch ($type) {
            case 'tables':
                return 'SHOW TABLES';
            case 'users':
                return 'SELECT DISTINCT User FROM mysql.user';
            case 'databases':
                return 'SHOW DATABASES';
            default:
                return null;
        }
    }

    // }}}

}

/*
 * Local variables:
 * tab-width: 4
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * End:
 */

?>


code:
<?php

/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */

/**
 * The PEAR DB driver for PHP's oci8 extension
 * for interacting with Oracle databases
 *
 * PHP version 5
 *
 * LICENSE: This source file is subject to version 3.0 of the PHP license
 * that is available through the world-wide-web at the following URI:
 * http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt.  If you did not receive a copy of
 * the PHP License and are unable to obtain it through the web, please
 * send a note to license@php.net so we can mail you a copy immediately.
 *
 * @category   Database
 * @package    DB
 * @author     James L. Pine <jlp@valinux.com>
 * @author     Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
 * @copyright  1997-2007 The PHP Group
 * @license    http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt  PHP License 3.0
 * @version    CVS: $Id$
 * @link       http://pear.php.net/package/DB
 */

/**
 * Obtain the DB_common class so it can be extended from
 */
require_once 'DB/common.php';

/**
 * The methods PEAR DB uses to interact with PHP's oci8 extension
 * for interacting with Oracle databases
 *
 * Definitely works with versions 8 and 9 of Oracle.
 *
 * These methods overload the ones declared in DB_common.
 *
 * Be aware...  OCIError() only appears to return anything when given a
 * statement, so functions return the generic DB_ERROR instead of more
 * useful errors that have to do with feedback from the database.
 *
 * @category   Database
 * @package    DB
 * @author     James L. Pine <jlp@valinux.com>
 * @author     Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
 * @copyright  1997-2007 The PHP Group
 * @license    http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt  PHP License 3.0
 * @version    Release: 1.8.2
 * @link       http://pear.php.net/package/DB
 */
class DB_oci8 extends DB_common
{
    // {{{ properties

    /**
     * The DB driver type (mysql, oci8, odbc, etc.)
     * @var string
     */
    var $phptype = 'oci8';

    /**
     * The database syntax variant to be used (db2, access, etc.), if any
     * @var string
     */
    var $dbsyntax = 'oci8';

    /**
     * The capabilities of this DB implementation
     *
     * The 'new_link' element contains the PHP version that first provided
     * new_link support for this DBMS.  Contains false if it's unsupported.
     *
     * Meaning of the 'limit' element:
     *   + 'emulate' = emulate with fetch row by number
     *   + 'alter'   = alter the query
     *   + false     = skip rows
     *
     * @var array
     */
    var $features = array(
        'limit'         => 'alter',
        'new_link'      => '5.0.0',
        'numrows'       => 'subquery',
        'pconnect'      => true,
        'prepare'       => true,
        'ssl'           => false,
        'transactions'  => true,
    );

    /**
     * A mapping of native error codes to DB error codes
     * @var array
     */
    var $errorcode_map = array(
        1     => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        900   => DB_ERROR_SYNTAX,
        904   => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD,
        913   => DB_ERROR_VALUE_COUNT_ON_ROW,
        921   => DB_ERROR_SYNTAX,
        923   => DB_ERROR_SYNTAX,
        942   => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE,
        955   => DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS,
        1400  => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT_NOT_NULL,
        1401  => DB_ERROR_INVALID,
        1407  => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT_NOT_NULL,
        1418  => DB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND,
        1476  => DB_ERROR_DIVZERO,
        1722  => DB_ERROR_INVALID_NUMBER,
        2289  => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE,
        2291  => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        2292  => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        2449  => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        12899 => DB_ERROR_INVALID,
    );

    /**
     * The raw database connection created by PHP
     * @var resource
     */
    var $connection;

    /**
     * The DSN information for connecting to a database
     * @var array
     */
    var $dsn = array();

    /**
     * Should data manipulation queries be committed automatically?
     * @var bool
     * @access private
     */
    var $autocommit = true;

    /**
     * Stores the $data passed to execute() in the oci8 driver
     *
     * Gets reset to array() when simpleQuery() is run.
     *
     * Needed in case user wants to call numRows() after prepare/execute
     * was used.
     *
     * @var array
     * @access private
     */
    var $_data = array();

    /**
     * The result or statement handle from the most recently executed query
     * @var resource
     */
    var $last_stmt;

    /**
     * Is the given prepared statement a data manipulation query?
     * @var array
     * @access private
     */
    var $manip_query = array();

    /**
     * Store of prepared SQL queries.
     * @var array
     * @access private
     */
    var $_prepared_queries = array();

    // }}}
    // {{{ constructor

    /**
     * This constructor calls $this->DB_common()
     *
     * @return void
     */
    function DB_oci8()
    {
        $this->DB_common();
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ connect()

    /**
     * Connect to the database server, log in and open the database
     *
     * Don't call this method directly.  Use DB::connect() instead.
     *
     * If PHP is at version 5.0.0 or greater:
     *   + Generally, oci_connect() or oci_pconnect() are used.
     *   + But if the new_link DSN option is set to true, oci_new_connect()
     *     is used.
     *
     * When using PHP version 4.x, OCILogon() or OCIPLogon() are used.
     *
     * PEAR DB's oci8 driver supports the following extra DSN options:
     *   + charset       The character set to be used on the connection.
     *                    Only used if PHP is at version 5.0.0 or greater
     *                    and the Oracle server is at 9.2 or greater.
     *                    Available since PEAR DB 1.7.0.
     *   + new_link      If set to true, causes subsequent calls to
     *                    connect() to return a new connection link
     *                    instead of the existing one.  WARNING: this is
     *                    not portable to other DBMS's.
     *                    Available since PEAR DB 1.7.0.
     *
     * @param array $dsn         the data source name
     * @param bool  $persistent  should the connection be persistent?
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function connect($dsn, $persistent = false)
    {
        if (!PEAR::loadExtension('oci8')) {
            return $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_FOUND);
        }

        $this->dsn = $dsn;
        if ($dsn['dbsyntax']) {
            $this->dbsyntax = $dsn['dbsyntax'];
        }

        // Backwards compatibility with DB < 1.7.0
        if (empty($dsn['database']) && !empty($dsn['hostspec'])) {
            $db = $dsn['hostspec'];
        } else {
            $db = $dsn['database'];
        }

        if (function_exists('oci_connect')) {
            if (isset($dsn['new_link'])
                && ($dsn['new_link'] == 'true' || $dsn['new_link'] === true))
            {
                $connect_function = 'oci_new_connect';
            } else {
                $connect_function = $persistent ? 'oci_pconnect'
                                    : 'oci_connect';
            }
            if (isset($this->dsn['port']) && $this->dsn['port']) {
                $db = '//'.$db.':'.$this->dsn['port'];
            }

            $char = empty($dsn['charset']) ? null : $dsn['charset'];
            $this->connection = @$connect_function($dsn['username'],
                                                   $dsn['password'],
                                                   $db,
                                                   $char);
            $error = OCIError();
            if (!empty($error) && $error['code'] == 12541) {
                // Couldn't find TNS listener.  Try direct connection.
                $this->connection = @$connect_function($dsn['username'],
                                                       $dsn['password'],
                                                       null,
                                                       $char);
            }
        } else {
            $connect_function = $persistent ? 'OCIPLogon' : 'OCILogon';
            if ($db) {
                $this->connection = @$connect_function($dsn['username'],
                                                       $dsn['password'],
                                                       $db);
            } elseif ($dsn['username'] || $dsn['password']) {
                $this->connection = @$connect_function($dsn['username'],
                                                       $dsn['password']);
            }
        }

        if (!$this->connection) {
            $error = OCIError();
            $error = (is_array($error)) ? $error['message'] : null;
            return $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED,
                                     null, null, null,
                                     $error);
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ disconnect()

    /**
     * Disconnects from the database server
     *
     * @return bool  TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
     */
    function disconnect()
    {
        if (function_exists('oci_close')) {
            $ret = @oci_close($this->connection);
        } else {
            $ret = @OCILogOff($this->connection);
        }
        $this->connection = null;
        return $ret;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ simpleQuery()

    /**
     * Sends a query to the database server
     *
     * To determine how many rows of a result set get buffered using
     * ocisetprefetch(), see the "result_buffering" option in setOptions().
     * This option was added in Release 1.7.0.
     *
     * @param string  the SQL query string
     *
     * @return mixed  + a PHP result resrouce for successful SELECT queries
     *                + the DB_OK constant for other successful queries
     *                + a DB_Error object on failure
     */
    function simpleQuery($query)
    {
        $this->_data = array();
        $this->last_parameters = array();
        $this->last_query = $query;
        $query = $this->modifyQuery($query);
        $result = @OCIParse($this->connection, $query);
        if (!$result) {
            return $this->oci8RaiseError();
        }
        if ($this->autocommit) {
            $success = @OCIExecute($result,OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS);
        } else {
            $success = @OCIExecute($result,OCI_DEFAULT);
        }
        if (!$success) {
            return $this->oci8RaiseError($result);
        }
        $this->last_stmt = $result;
        if ($this->_checkManip($query)) {
            return DB_OK;
        } else {
            @ocisetprefetch($result, $this->options['result_buffering']);
            return $result;
        }
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ nextResult()

    /**
     * Move the internal oracle result pointer to the next available result
     *
     * @param a valid oci8 result resource
     *
     * @access public
     *
     * @return true if a result is available otherwise return false
     */
    function nextResult($result)
    {
        return false;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ fetchInto()

    /**
     * Places a row from the result set into the given array
     *
     * Formating of the array and the data therein are configurable.
     * See DB_result::fetchInto() for more information.
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::fetchInto() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result    the query result resource
     * @param array    $arr       the referenced array to put the data in
     * @param int      $fetchmode how the resulting array should be indexed
     * @param int      $rownum    the row number to fetch (0 = first row)
     *
     * @return mixed  DB_OK on success, NULL when the end of a result set is
     *                 reached or on failure
     *
     * @see DB_result::fetchInto()
     */
    function fetchInto($result, &$arr, $fetchmode, $rownum = null)
    {
        if ($rownum !== null) {
            return $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
        }
        if ($fetchmode & DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC) {
            $moredata = @OCIFetchInto($result,$arr,OCI_ASSOC+OCI_RETURN_NULLS+OCI_RETURN_LOBS);
            if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE &&
                $moredata)
            {
                $arr = array_change_key_case($arr, CASE_LOWER);
            }
        } else {
            $moredata = OCIFetchInto($result,$arr,OCI_RETURN_NULLS+OCI_RETURN_LOBS);
        }
        if (!$moredata) {
            return null;
        }
        if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM) {
            $this->_rtrimArrayValues($arr);
        }
        if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_NULL_TO_EMPTY) {
            $this->_convertNullArrayValuesToEmpty($arr);
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ freeResult()

    /**
     * Deletes the result set and frees the memory occupied by the result set
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::free() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result  PHP's query result resource
     *
     * @return bool  TRUE on success, FALSE if $result is invalid
     *
     * @see DB_result::free()
     */
    function freeResult($result)
    {
        return is_resource($result) ? OCIFreeStatement($result) : false;
    }

    /**
     * Frees the internal resources associated with a prepared query
     *
     * @param resource $stmt           the prepared statement's resource
     * @param bool     $free_resource  should the PHP resource be freed too?
     *                                  Use false if you need to get data
     *                                  from the result set later.
     *
     * @return bool  TRUE on success, FALSE if $result is invalid
     *
     * @see DB_oci8::prepare()
     */
    function freePrepared($stmt, $free_resource = true)
    {
        if (!is_resource($stmt)) {
            return false;
        }
        if ($free_resource) {
            @ocifreestatement($stmt);
        }
        if (isset($this->prepare_types[(int)$stmt])) {
            unset($this->prepare_types[(int)$stmt]);
            unset($this->manip_query[(int)$stmt]);
            unset($this->_prepared_queries[(int)$stmt]);
        } else {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ numRows()

    /**
     * Gets the number of rows in a result set
     *
     * Only works if the DB_PORTABILITY_NUMROWS portability option
     * is turned on.
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::numRows() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result  PHP's query result resource
     *
     * @return int  the number of rows.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_result::numRows(), DB_common::setOption()
     */
    function numRows($result)
    {
        // emulate numRows for Oracle.  yuck.
        if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_NUMROWS &&
            $result === $this->last_stmt)
        {
            $countquery = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ('.$this->last_query.')';
            $save_query = $this->last_query;
            $save_stmt = $this->last_stmt;

            $count = $this->query($countquery);

            // Restore the last query and statement.
            $this->last_query = $save_query;
            $this->last_stmt = $save_stmt;

            if (DB::isError($count) ||
                DB::isError($row = $count->fetchRow(DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED)))
            {
                return $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
            }

            return $row[0];
        }
        return $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ numCols()

    /**
     * Gets the number of columns in a result set
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::numCols() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result  PHP's query result resource
     *
     * @return int  the number of columns.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_result::numCols()
     */
    function numCols($result)
    {
        $cols = @OCINumCols($result);
        if (!$cols) {
            return $this->oci8RaiseError($result);
        }
        return $cols;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ prepare()

    /**
     * Prepares a query for multiple execution with execute().
     *
     * With oci8, this is emulated.
     *
     * prepare() requires a generic query as string like
     *    INSERT INTO numbers VALUES (?, ?, ?)
     * .  The ? characters are placeholders.
     *
     * Three types of placeholders can be used:
     *   + ?  a quoted scalar value, i.e. strings, integers
     *   + !  value is inserted 'as is'
     *   + &  requires a file name.  The file's contents get
     *                     inserted into the query (i.e. saving binary
     *                     data in a db)
     *
     * Use backslashes to escape placeholder characters if you don't want
     * them to be interpreted as placeholders.  Example:
     *    "UPDATE foo SET col=? WHERE col='over \& under'"
     *
     *
     * @param string $query  the query to be prepared
     *
     * @return mixed  DB statement resource on success. DB_Error on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_oci8::execute()
     */
    function prepare($query)
    {
        $tokens   = preg_split('/((?<!\\\)[&?!])/', $query, -1,
                               PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
        $binds    = count($tokens) - 1;
        $token    = 0;
        $types    = array();
        $newquery = '';

        foreach ($tokens as $key => $val) {
            switch ($val) {
                case '?':
                    $types[$token++] = DB_PARAM_SCALAR;
                    unset($tokens[$key]);
                    break;
                case '&':
                    $types[$token++] = DB_PARAM_OPAQUE;
                    unset($tokens[$key]);
                    break;
                case '!':
                    $types[$token++] = DB_PARAM_MISC;
                    unset($tokens[$key]);
                    break;
                default:
                    $tokens[$key] = preg_replace('/\\\([&?!])/', "\\1", $val);
                    if ($key != $binds) {
                        $newquery .= $tokens[$key] . ':bind' . $token;
                    } else {
                        $newquery .= $tokens[$key];
                    }
            }
        }

        $this->last_query = $query;
        $newquery = $this->modifyQuery($newquery);
        if (!$stmt = @OCIParse($this->connection, $newquery)) {
            return $this->oci8RaiseError();
        }
        $this->prepare_types[(int)$stmt] = $types;
        $this->manip_query[(int)$stmt] = DB::isManip($query);
        $this->_prepared_queries[(int)$stmt] = $newquery;
        return $stmt;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ execute()

    /**
     * Executes a DB statement prepared with prepare().
     *
     * To determine how many rows of a result set get buffered using
     * ocisetprefetch(), see the "result_buffering" option in setOptions().
     * This option was added in Release 1.7.0.
     *
     * @param resource  $stmt  a DB statement resource returned from prepare()
     * @param mixed  $data  array, string or numeric data to be used in
     *                      execution of the statement.  Quantity of items
     *                      passed must match quantity of placeholders in
     *                      query:  meaning 1 for non-array items or the
     *                      quantity of elements in the array.
     *
     * @return mixed  returns an oic8 result resource for successful SELECT
     *                queries, DB_OK for other successful queries.
     *                A DB error object is returned on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_oci8::prepare()
     */
    function &execute($stmt, $data = array())
    {
        $data = (array)$data;
        $this->last_parameters = $data;
        $this->last_query = $this->_prepared_queries[(int)$stmt];
        $this->_data = $data;

        $types = $this->prepare_types[(int)$stmt];
        if (count($types) != count($data)) {
            $tmp = $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_MISMATCH);
            return $tmp;
        }

        $i = 0;
        foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
            if ($types[$i] == DB_PARAM_MISC) {
                /*
                 * Oracle doesn't seem to have the ability to pass a
                 * parameter along unchanged, so strip off quotes from start
                 * and end, plus turn two single quotes to one single quote,
                 * in order to avoid the quotes getting escaped by
                 * Oracle and ending up in the database.
                 */
                $data[$key] = preg_replace("/^'(.*)'$/", "\\1", $data[$key]);
                $data[$key] = str_replace("''", "'", $data[$key]);
            } elseif ($types[$i] == DB_PARAM_OPAQUE) {
                $fp = @fopen($data[$key], 'rb');
                if (!$fp) {
                    $tmp = $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_ACCESS_VIOLATION);
                    return $tmp;
                }
                $data[$key] = fread($fp, filesize($data[$key]));
                fclose($fp);
            } elseif ($types[$i] == DB_PARAM_SCALAR) {
                // Floats have to be converted to a locale-neutral
                // representation.
                if (is_float($data[$key])) {
                    $data[$key] = $this->quoteFloat($data[$key]);
                }
            }
            if (!@OCIBindByName($stmt, ':bind' . $i, $data[$key], -1)) {
                $tmp = $this->oci8RaiseError($stmt);
                return $tmp;
            }
            $this->last_query = preg_replace("/:bind$i(?!\d)/",
                    $this->quoteSmart($data[$key]), $this->last_query, 1);
            $i++;
        }
        if ($this->autocommit) {
            $success = @OCIExecute($stmt, OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS);
        } else {
            $success = @OCIExecute($stmt, OCI_DEFAULT);
        }
        if (!$success) {
            $tmp = $this->oci8RaiseError($stmt);
            return $tmp;
        }
        $this->last_stmt = $stmt;
        if ($this->manip_query[(int)$stmt] || $this->_next_query_manip) {
            $this->_last_query_manip = true;
            $this->_next_query_manip = false;
            $tmp = DB_OK;
        } else {
            $this->_last_query_manip = false;
            @ocisetprefetch($stmt, $this->options['result_buffering']);
            $tmp = new DB_result($this, $stmt);
        }
        return $tmp;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ autoCommit()

    /**
     * Enables or disables automatic commits
     *
     * @param bool $onoff  true turns it on, false turns it off
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object if the driver
     *               doesn't support auto-committing transactions.
     */
    function autoCommit($onoff = false)
    {
        $this->autocommit = (bool)$onoff;;
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ commit()

    /**
     * Commits the current transaction
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function commit()
    {
        $result = @OCICommit($this->connection);
        if (!$result) {
            return $this->oci8RaiseError();
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ rollback()

    /**
     * Reverts the current transaction
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function rollback()
    {
        $result = @OCIRollback($this->connection);
        if (!$result) {
            return $this->oci8RaiseError();
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ affectedRows()

    /**
     * Determines the number of rows affected by a data maniuplation query
     *
     * 0 is returned for queries that don't manipulate data.
     *
     * @return int  the number of rows.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function affectedRows()
    {
        if ($this->last_stmt === false) {
            return $this->oci8RaiseError();
        }
        $result = @OCIRowCount($this->last_stmt);
        if ($result === false) {
            return $this->oci8RaiseError($this->last_stmt);
        }
        return $result;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ modifyQuery()

    /**
     * Changes a query string for various DBMS specific reasons
     *
     * "SELECT 2+2" must be "SELECT 2+2 FROM dual" in Oracle.
     *
     * @param string $query  the query string to modify
     *
     * @return string  the modified query string
     *
     * @access protected
     */
    function modifyQuery($query)
    {
        if (preg_match('/^\s*SELECT/i', $query) &&
            !preg_match('/\sFROM\s/i', $query)) {
            $query .= ' FROM dual';
        }
        return $query;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ modifyLimitQuery()

    /**
     * Adds LIMIT clauses to a query string according to current DBMS standards
     *
     * @param string $query   the query to modify
     * @param int    $from    the row to start to fetching (0 = the first row)
     * @param int    $count   the numbers of rows to fetch
     * @param mixed  $params  array, string or numeric data to be used in
     *                         execution of the statement.  Quantity of items
     *                         passed must match quantity of placeholders in
     *                         query:  meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
     *                         parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
     *
     * @return string  the query string with LIMIT clauses added
     *
     * @access protected
     */
    function modifyLimitQuery($query, $from, $count, $params = array())
    {
        // Let Oracle return the name of the columns instead of
        // coding a "home" SQL parser

        if (count($params)) {
            $result = $this->prepare("SELECT * FROM ($query) "
                                     . 'WHERE NULL = NULL');
            $tmp = $this->execute($result, $params);
        } else {
            $q_fields = "SELECT * FROM ($query) WHERE NULL = NULL";

            if (!$result = @OCIParse($this->connection, $q_fields)) {
                $this->last_query = $q_fields;
                return $this->oci8RaiseError();
            }
            if (!@OCIExecute($result, OCI_DEFAULT)) {
                $this->last_query = $q_fields;
                return $this->oci8RaiseError($result);
            }
        }

        $ncols = OCINumCols($result);
        $cols  = array();
        for ( $i = 1; $i <= $ncols; $i++ ) {
            $cols[] = '"' . OCIColumnName($result, $i) . '"';
        }
        $fields = implode(', ', $cols);
        // XXX Test that (tip by John Lim)
        //if (preg_match('/^\s*SELECT\s+/is', $query, $match)) {
        //    // Introduce the FIRST_ROWS Oracle query optimizer
        //    $query = substr($query, strlen($match[0]), strlen($query));
        //    $query = "SELECT /* +FIRST_ROWS */ " . $query;
        //}

        // Construct the query
        // more at: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=php-db&m=99831958101212&w=2
        // Perhaps this could be optimized with the use of Unions
        $query = "SELECT $fields FROM".
                 "  (SELECT rownum as linenum, $fields FROM".
                 "      ($query)".
                 '  WHERE rownum <= '. ($from + $count) .
                 ') WHERE linenum >= ' . ++$from;
        return $query;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ nextId()

    /**
     * Returns the next free id in a sequence
     *
     * @param string  $seq_name  name of the sequence
     * @param boolean $ondemand  when true, the seqence is automatically
     *                            created if it does not exist
     *
     * @return int  the next id number in the sequence.
     *               A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::nextID(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
     *      DB_oci8::createSequence(), DB_oci8::dropSequence()
     */
    function nextId($seq_name, $ondemand = true)
    {
        $seqname = $this->getSequenceName($seq_name);
        $repeat = 0;
        do {
            $this->expectError(DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE);
            $result = $this->query("SELECT ${seqname}.nextval FROM dual");
            $this->popExpect();
            if ($ondemand && DB::isError($result) &&
                $result->getCode() == DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE) {
                $repeat = 1;
                $result = $this->createSequence($seq_name);
                if (DB::isError($result)) {
                    return $this->raiseError($result);
                }
            } else {
                $repeat = 0;
            }
        } while ($repeat);
        if (DB::isError($result)) {
            return $this->raiseError($result);
        }
        $arr = $result->fetchRow(DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED);
        return $arr[0];
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new sequence
     *
     * @param string $seq_name  name of the new sequence
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::createSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
     *      DB_oci8::nextID(), DB_oci8::dropSequence()
     */
    function createSequence($seq_name)
    {
        return $this->query('CREATE SEQUENCE '
                            . $this->getSequenceName($seq_name));
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ dropSequence()

    /**
     * Deletes a sequence
     *
     * @param string $seq_name  name of the sequence to be deleted
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::dropSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
     *      DB_oci8::nextID(), DB_oci8::createSequence()
     */
    function dropSequence($seq_name)
    {
        return $this->query('DROP SEQUENCE '
                            . $this->getSequenceName($seq_name));
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ oci8RaiseError()

    /**
     * Produces a DB_Error object regarding the current problem
     *
     * @param int $errno  if the error is being manually raised pass a
     *                     DB_ERROR* constant here.  If this isn't passed
     *                     the error information gathered from the DBMS.
     *
     * @return object  the DB_Error object
     *
     * @see DB_common::raiseError(),
     *      DB_oci8::errorNative(), DB_oci8::errorCode()
     */
    function oci8RaiseError($errno = null)
    {
        if ($errno === null) {
            $error = @OCIError($this->connection);
            return $this->raiseError($this->errorCode($error['code']),
                                     null, null, null, $error['message']);
        } elseif (is_resource($errno)) {
            $error = @OCIError($errno);
            return $this->raiseError($this->errorCode($error['code']),
                                     null, null, null, $error['message']);
        }
        return $this->raiseError($this->errorCode($errno));
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ errorNative()

    /**
     * Gets the DBMS' native error code produced by the last query
     *
     * @return int  the DBMS' error code.  FALSE if the code could not be
     *               determined
     */
    function errorNative()
    {
        if (is_resource($this->last_stmt)) {
            $error = @OCIError($this->last_stmt);
        } else {
            $error = @OCIError($this->connection);
        }
        if (is_array($error)) {
            return $error['code'];
        }
        return false;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ tableInfo()

    /**
     * Returns information about a table or a result set
     *
     * NOTE: only supports 'table' and 'flags' if <var>$result</var>
     * is a table name.
     *
     * NOTE: flags won't contain index information.
     *
     * @param object|string  $result  DB_result object from a query or a
     *                                 string containing the name of a table.
     *                                 While this also accepts a query result
     *                                 resource identifier, this behavior is
     *                                 deprecated.
     * @param int            $mode    a valid tableInfo mode
     *
     * @return array  an associative array with the information requested.
     *                 A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::tableInfo()
     */
    function tableInfo($result, $mode = null)
    {
        if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE) {
            $case_func = 'strtolower';
        } else {
            $case_func = 'strval';
        }

        $res = array();

        if (is_string($result)) {
            /*
             * Probably received a table name.
             * Create a result resource identifier.
             */
            $result = strtoupper($result);
            $q_fields = 'SELECT column_name, data_type, data_length, '
                        . 'nullable '
                        . 'FROM user_tab_columns '
                        . "WHERE table_name='$result' ORDER BY column_id";

            $this->last_query = $q_fields;

            if (!$stmt = @OCIParse($this->connection, $q_fields)) {
                return $this->oci8RaiseError(DB_ERROR_NEED_MORE_DATA);
            }
            if (!@OCIExecute($stmt, OCI_DEFAULT)) {
                return $this->oci8RaiseError($stmt);
            }

            $i = 0;
            while (@OCIFetch($stmt)) {
                $res[$i] = array(
                    'table' => $case_func($result),
                    'name'  => $case_func(@OCIResult($stmt, 1)),
                    'type'  => @OCIResult($stmt, 2),
                    'len'   => @OCIResult($stmt, 3),
                    'flags' => (@OCIResult($stmt, 4) == 'N') ? 'not_null' : '',
                );
                if ($mode & DB_TABLEINFO_ORDER) {
                    $res['order'][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
                }
                if ($mode & DB_TABLEINFO_ORDERTABLE) {
                    $res['ordertable'][$res[$i]['table']][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
                }
                $i++;
            }

            if ($mode) {
                $res['num_fields'] = $i;
            }
            @OCIFreeStatement($stmt);

        } else {
            if (isset($result->result)) {
                /*
                 * Probably received a result object.
                 * Extract the result resource identifier.
                 */
                $result = $result->result;
            }

            $res = array();

            if ($result === $this->last_stmt) {
                $count = @OCINumCols($result);
                if ($mode) {
                    $res['num_fields'] = $count;
                }
                for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
                    $res[$i] = array(
                        'table' => '',
                        'name'  => $case_func(@OCIColumnName($result, $i+1)),
                        'type'  => @OCIColumnType($result, $i+1),
                        'len'   => @OCIColumnSize($result, $i+1),
                        'flags' => '',
                    );
                    if ($mode & DB_TABLEINFO_ORDER) {
                        $res['order'][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
                    }
                    if ($mode & DB_TABLEINFO_ORDERTABLE) {
                        $res['ordertable'][$res[$i]['table']][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                return $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE);
            }
        }
        return $res;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ getSpecialQuery()

    /**
     * Obtains the query string needed for listing a given type of objects
     *
     * @param string $type  the kind of objects you want to retrieve
     *
     * @return string  the SQL query string or null if the driver doesn't
     *                  support the object type requested
     *
     * @access protected
     * @see DB_common::getListOf()
     */
    function getSpecialQuery($type)
    {
        switch ($type) {
            case 'tables':
                return 'SELECT table_name FROM user_tables';
            case 'synonyms':
                return 'SELECT synonym_name FROM user_synonyms';
            case 'views':
                return 'SELECT view_name FROM user_views';
            default:
                return null;
        }
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ quoteFloat()

    /**
     * Formats a float value for use within a query in a locale-independent
     * manner.
     *
     * @param float the float value to be quoted.
     * @return string the quoted string.
     * @see DB_common::quoteSmart()
     * @since Method available since release 1.7.8.
     */
    function quoteFloat($float) {
        return $this->escapeSimple(str_replace(',', '.', strval(floatval($float))));
    }

    // }}}

}

/*
 * Local variables:
 * tab-width: 4
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * End:
 */

?>

license: mit


code:
<?php

/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */

/**
 * The PEAR DB driver for PHP's odbc extension
 * for interacting with databases via ODBC connections
 *
 * PHP version 5
 *
 * LICENSE: This source file is subject to version 3.0 of the PHP license
 * that is available through the world-wide-web at the following URI:
 * http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt.  If you did not receive a copy of
 * the PHP License and are unable to obtain it through the web, please
 * send a note to license@php.net so we can mail you a copy immediately.
 *
 * @category   Database
 * @package    DB
 * @author     Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
 * @author     Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
 * @copyright  1997-2007 The PHP Group
 * @license    http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt  PHP License 3.0
 * @version    CVS: $Id$
 * @link       http://pear.php.net/package/DB
 */

/**
 * Obtain the DB_common class so it can be extended from
 */
require_once 'DB/common.php';

/**
 * The methods PEAR DB uses to interact with PHP's odbc extension
 * for interacting with databases via ODBC connections
 *
 * These methods overload the ones declared in DB_common.
 *
 * More info on ODBC errors could be found here:
 * http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/trblsql/tr_err_odbc_5stz.asp
 *
 * @category   Database
 * @package    DB
 * @author     Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
 * @author     Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
 * @copyright  1997-2007 The PHP Group
 * @license    http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt  PHP License 3.0
 * @version    Release: 1.8.2
 * @link       http://pear.php.net/package/DB
 */
class DB_odbc extends DB_common
{
    // {{{ properties

    /**
     * The DB driver type (mysql, oci8, odbc, etc.)
     * @var string
     */
    var $phptype = 'odbc';

    /**
     * The database syntax variant to be used (db2, access, etc.), if any
     * @var string
     */
    var $dbsyntax = 'sql92';

    /**
     * The capabilities of this DB implementation
     *
     * The 'new_link' element contains the PHP version that first provided
     * new_link support for this DBMS.  Contains false if it's unsupported.
     *
     * Meaning of the 'limit' element:
     *   + 'emulate' = emulate with fetch row by number
     *   + 'alter'   = alter the query
     *   + false     = skip rows
     *
     * NOTE: The feature set of the following drivers are different than
     * the default:
     *   + solid: 'transactions' = true
     *   + navision: 'limit' = false
     *
     * @var array
     */
    var $features = array(
        'limit'         => 'emulate',
        'new_link'      => false,
        'numrows'       => true,
        'pconnect'      => true,
        'prepare'       => false,
        'ssl'           => false,
        'transactions'  => false,
    );

    /**
     * A mapping of native error codes to DB error codes
     * @var array
     */
    var $errorcode_map = array(
        '01004' => DB_ERROR_TRUNCATED,
        '07001' => DB_ERROR_MISMATCH,
        '21S01' => DB_ERROR_VALUE_COUNT_ON_ROW,
        '21S02' => DB_ERROR_MISMATCH,
        '22001' => DB_ERROR_INVALID,
        '22003' => DB_ERROR_INVALID_NUMBER,
        '22005' => DB_ERROR_INVALID_NUMBER,
        '22008' => DB_ERROR_INVALID_DATE,
        '22012' => DB_ERROR_DIVZERO,
        '23000' => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        '23502' => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT_NOT_NULL,
        '23503' => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        '23504' => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        '23505' => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
        '24000' => DB_ERROR_INVALID,
        '34000' => DB_ERROR_INVALID,
        '37000' => DB_ERROR_SYNTAX,
        '42000' => DB_ERROR_SYNTAX,
        '42601' => DB_ERROR_SYNTAX,
        'IM001' => DB_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
        'S0000' => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE,
        'S0001' => DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS,
        'S0002' => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE,
        'S0011' => DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS,
        'S0012' => DB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND,
        'S0021' => DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS,
        'S0022' => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD,
        'S1009' => DB_ERROR_INVALID,
        'S1090' => DB_ERROR_INVALID,
        'S1C00' => DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE,
    );

    /**
     * The raw database connection created by PHP
     * @var resource
     */
    var $connection;

    /**
     * The DSN information for connecting to a database
     * @var array
     */
    var $dsn = array();

    /**
     * The number of rows affected by a data manipulation query
     * @var integer
     * @access private
     */
    var $affected = 0;

    // }}}
    // {{{ constructor

    /**
     * This constructor calls <kbd>$this->DB_common()</kbd>
     *
     * @return void
     */
    function DB_odbc()
    {
        $this->DB_common();
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ connect()

    /**
     * Connect to the database server, log in and open the database
     *
     * Don't call this method directly.  Use DB::connect() instead.
     *
     * PEAR DB's odbc driver supports the following extra DSN options:
     *   + cursor  The type of cursor to be used for this connection.
     *
     * @param array $dsn         the data source name
     * @param bool  $persistent  should the connection be persistent?
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function connect($dsn, $persistent = false)
    {
        if (!PEAR::loadExtension('odbc')) {
            return $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_FOUND);
        }

        $this->dsn = $dsn;
        if ($dsn['dbsyntax']) {
            $this->dbsyntax = $dsn['dbsyntax'];
        }
        switch ($this->dbsyntax) {
            case 'access':
            case 'db2':
            case 'solid':
                $this->features['transactions'] = true;
                break;
            case 'navision':
                $this->features['limit'] = false;
        }

        /*
         * This is hear for backwards compatibility. Should have been using
         * 'database' all along, but prior to 1.6.0RC3 'hostspec' was used.
         */
        if ($dsn['database']) {
            $odbcdsn = $dsn['database'];
        } elseif ($dsn['hostspec']) {
            $odbcdsn = $dsn['hostspec'];
        } else {
            $odbcdsn = 'localhost';
        }

        $connect_function = $persistent ? 'odbc_pconnect' : 'odbc_connect';

        if (empty($dsn['cursor'])) {
            $this->connection = @$connect_function($odbcdsn, $dsn['username'],
                                                   $dsn['password']);
        } else {
            $this->connection = @$connect_function($odbcdsn, $dsn['username'],
                                                   $dsn['password'],
                                                   $dsn['cursor']);
        }

        if (!is_resource($this->connection)) {
            return $this->raiseError(DB_ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED,
                                     null, null, null,
                                     $this->errorNative());
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ disconnect()

    /**
     * Disconnects from the database server
     *
     * @return bool  TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
     */
    function disconnect()
    {
        $err = @odbc_close($this->connection);
        $this->connection = null;
        return $err;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ simpleQuery()

    /**
     * Sends a query to the database server
     *
     * @param string  the SQL query string
     *
     * @return mixed  + a PHP result resrouce for successful SELECT queries
     *                + the DB_OK constant for other successful queries
     *                + a DB_Error object on failure
     */
    function simpleQuery($query)
    {
        $this->last_query = $query;
        $query = $this->modifyQuery($query);
        $result = @odbc_exec($this->connection, $query);
        if (!$result) {
            return $this->odbcRaiseError(); // XXX ERRORMSG
        }
        // Determine which queries that should return data, and which
        // should return an error code only.
        if ($this->_checkManip($query)) {
            $this->affected = $result; // For affectedRows()
            return DB_OK;
        }
        $this->affected = 0;
        return $result;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ nextResult()

    /**
     * Move the internal odbc result pointer to the next available result
     *
     * @param a valid fbsql result resource
     *
     * @access public
     *
     * @return true if a result is available otherwise return false
     */
    function nextResult($result)
    {
        return @odbc_next_result($result);
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ fetchInto()

    /**
     * Places a row from the result set into the given array
     *
     * Formating of the array and the data therein are configurable.
     * See DB_result::fetchInto() for more information.
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::fetchInto() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result    the query result resource
     * @param array    $arr       the referenced array to put the data in
     * @param int      $fetchmode how the resulting array should be indexed
     * @param int      $rownum    the row number to fetch (0 = first row)
     *
     * @return mixed  DB_OK on success, NULL when the end of a result set is
     *                 reached or on failure
     *
     * @see DB_result::fetchInto()
     */
    function fetchInto($result, &$arr, $fetchmode, $rownum = null)
    {
        $arr = array();
        if ($rownum !== null) {
            $rownum++; // ODBC first row is 1
            if (version_compare(phpversion(), '4.2.0', 'ge')) {
                $cols = @odbc_fetch_into($result, $arr, $rownum);
            } else {
                $cols = @odbc_fetch_into($result, $rownum, $arr);
            }
        } else {
            $cols = @odbc_fetch_into($result, $arr);
        }
        if (!$cols) {
            return null;
        }
        if ($fetchmode !== DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED) {
            for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
                $colName = @odbc_field_name($result, $i+1);
                $a[$colName] = $arr[$i];
            }
            if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE) {
                $a = array_change_key_case($a, CASE_LOWER);
            }
            $arr = $a;
        }
        if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM) {
            $this->_rtrimArrayValues($arr);
        }
        if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_NULL_TO_EMPTY) {
            $this->_convertNullArrayValuesToEmpty($arr);
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ freeResult()

    /**
     * Deletes the result set and frees the memory occupied by the result set
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::free() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result  PHP's query result resource
     *
     * @return bool  TRUE on success, FALSE if $result is invalid
     *
     * @see DB_result::free()
     */
    function freeResult($result)
    {
        return is_resource($result) ? odbc_free_result($result) : false;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ numCols()

    /**
     * Gets the number of columns in a result set
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::numCols() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result  PHP's query result resource
     *
     * @return int  the number of columns.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_result::numCols()
     */
    function numCols($result)
    {
        $cols = @odbc_num_fields($result);
        if (!$cols) {
            return $this->odbcRaiseError();
        }
        return $cols;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ affectedRows()

    /**
     * Determines the number of rows affected by a data maniuplation query
     *
     * 0 is returned for queries that don't manipulate data.
     *
     * @return int  the number of rows.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function affectedRows()
    {
        if (empty($this->affected)) {  // In case of SELECT stms
            return 0;
        }
        $nrows = @odbc_num_rows($this->affected);
        if ($nrows == -1) {
            return $this->odbcRaiseError();
        }
        return $nrows;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ numRows()

    /**
     * Gets the number of rows in a result set
     *
     * Not all ODBC drivers support this functionality.  If they don't
     * a DB_Error object for DB_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED is returned.
     *
     * This method is not meant to be called directly.  Use
     * DB_result::numRows() instead.  It can't be declared "protected"
     * because DB_result is a separate object.
     *
     * @param resource $result  PHP's query result resource
     *
     * @return int  the number of rows.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_result::numRows()
     */
    function numRows($result)
    {
        $nrows = @odbc_num_rows($result);
        if ($nrows == -1) {
            return $this->odbcRaiseError(DB_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED);
        }
        if ($nrows === false) {
            return $this->odbcRaiseError();
        }
        return $nrows;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ quoteIdentifier()

    /**
     * Quotes a string so it can be safely used as a table or column name
     *
     * Use 'mssql' as the dbsyntax in the DB DSN only if you've unchecked
     * "Use ANSI quoted identifiers" when setting up the ODBC data source.
     *
     * @param string $str  identifier name to be quoted
     *
     * @return string  quoted identifier string
     *
     * @see DB_common::quoteIdentifier()
     * @since Method available since Release 1.6.0
     */
    function quoteIdentifier($str)
    {
        switch ($this->dsn['dbsyntax']) {
            case 'access':
                return '[' . $str . ']';
            case 'mssql':
            case 'sybase':
                return '[' . str_replace(']', ']]', $str) . ']';
            case 'mysql':
            case 'mysqli':
                return '`' . $str . '`';
            default:
                return '"' . str_replace('"', '""', $str) . '"';
        }
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ nextId()

    /**
     * Returns the next free id in a sequence
     *
     * @param string  $seq_name  name of the sequence
     * @param boolean $ondemand  when true, the seqence is automatically
     *                            created if it does not exist
     *
     * @return int  the next id number in the sequence.
     *               A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::nextID(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
     *      DB_odbc::createSequence(), DB_odbc::dropSequence()
     */
    function nextId($seq_name, $ondemand = true)
    {
        $seqname = $this->getSequenceName($seq_name);
        $repeat = 0;
        do {
            $this->pushErrorHandling(PEAR_ERROR_RETURN);
            $result = $this->query("update ${seqname} set id = id + 1");
            $this->popErrorHandling();
            if ($ondemand && DB::isError($result) &&
                $result->getCode() == DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE) {
                $repeat = 1;
                $this->pushErrorHandling(PEAR_ERROR_RETURN);
                $result = $this->createSequence($seq_name);
                $this->popErrorHandling();
                if (DB::isError($result)) {
                    return $this->raiseError($result);
                }
                $result = $this->query("insert into ${seqname} (id) values(0)");
            } else {
                $repeat = 0;
            }
        } while ($repeat);

        if (DB::isError($result)) {
            return $this->raiseError($result);
        }

        $result = $this->query("select id from ${seqname}");
        if (DB::isError($result)) {
            return $result;
        }

        $row = $result->fetchRow(DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED);
        if (DB::isError($row || !$row)) {
            return $row;
        }

        return $row[0];
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new sequence
     *
     * @param string $seq_name  name of the new sequence
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::createSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
     *      DB_odbc::nextID(), DB_odbc::dropSequence()
     */
    function createSequence($seq_name)
    {
        return $this->query('CREATE TABLE '
                            . $this->getSequenceName($seq_name)
                            . ' (id integer NOT NULL,'
                            . ' PRIMARY KEY(id))');
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ dropSequence()

    /**
     * Deletes a sequence
     *
     * @param string $seq_name  name of the sequence to be deleted
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::dropSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
     *      DB_odbc::nextID(), DB_odbc::createSequence()
     */
    function dropSequence($seq_name)
    {
        return $this->query('DROP TABLE ' . $this->getSequenceName($seq_name));
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ autoCommit()

    /**
     * Enables or disables automatic commits
     *
     * @param bool $onoff  true turns it on, false turns it off
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object if the driver
     *               doesn't support auto-committing transactions.
     */
    function autoCommit($onoff = false)
    {
        if (!@odbc_autocommit($this->connection, $onoff)) {
            return $this->odbcRaiseError();
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ commit()

    /**
     * Commits the current transaction
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function commit()
    {
        if (!@odbc_commit($this->connection)) {
            return $this->odbcRaiseError();
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ rollback()

    /**
     * Reverts the current transaction
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  A DB_Error object on failure.
     */
    function rollback()
    {
        if (!@odbc_rollback($this->connection)) {
            return $this->odbcRaiseError();
        }
        return DB_OK;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ odbcRaiseError()

    /**
     * Produces a DB_Error object regarding the current problem
     *
     * @param int $errno  if the error is being manually raised pass a
     *                     DB_ERROR* constant here.  If this isn't passed
     *                     the error information gathered from the DBMS.
     *
     * @return object  the DB_Error object
     *
     * @see DB_common::raiseError(),
     *      DB_odbc::errorNative(), DB_common::errorCode()
     */
    function odbcRaiseError($errno = null)
    {
        if ($errno === null) {
            switch ($this->dbsyntax) {
                case 'access':
                    if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_ERRORS) {
                        $this->errorcode_map['07001'] = DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD;
                    } else {
                        // Doing this in case mode changes during runtime.
                        $this->errorcode_map['07001'] = DB_ERROR_MISMATCH;
                    }

                    $native_code = odbc_error($this->connection);

                    // S1000 is for "General Error."  Let's be more specific.
                    if ($native_code == 'S1000') {
                        $errormsg = odbc_errormsg($this->connection);
                        static $error_regexps;
                        if (!isset($error_regexps)) {
                            $error_regexps = array(
                                '/includes related records.$/i'  => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT,
                                '/cannot contain a Null value/i' => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT_NOT_NULL,
                            );
                        }
                        foreach ($error_regexps as $regexp => $code) {
                            if (preg_match($regexp, $errormsg)) {
                                return $this->raiseError($code,
                                        null, null, null,
                                        $native_code . ' ' . $errormsg);
                            }
                        }
                        $errno = DB_ERROR;
                    } else {
                        $errno = $this->errorCode($native_code);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    $errno = $this->errorCode(odbc_error($this->connection));
            }
        }
        return $this->raiseError($errno, null, null, null,
                                 $this->errorNative());
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ errorNative()

    /**
     * Gets the DBMS' native error code and message produced by the last query
     *
     * @return string  the DBMS' error code and message
     */
    function errorNative()
    {
        if (!is_resource($this->connection)) {
            return @odbc_error() . ' ' . @odbc_errormsg();
        }
        return @odbc_error($this->connection) . ' ' . @odbc_errormsg($this->connection);
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ tableInfo()

    /**
     * Returns information about a table or a result set
     *
     * @param object|string  $result  DB_result object from a query or a
     *                                 string containing the name of a table.
     *                                 While this also accepts a query result
     *                                 resource identifier, this behavior is
     *                                 deprecated.
     * @param int            $mode    a valid tableInfo mode
     *
     * @return array  an associative array with the information requested.
     *                 A DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::tableInfo()
     * @since Method available since Release 1.7.0
     */
    function tableInfo($result, $mode = null)
    {
        if (is_string($result)) {
            /*
             * Probably received a table name.
             * Create a result resource identifier.
             */
            $id = @odbc_exec($this->connection, "SELECT * FROM $result");
            if (!$id) {
                return $this->odbcRaiseError();
            }
            $got_string = true;
        } elseif (isset($result->result)) {
            /*
             * Probably received a result object.
             * Extract the result resource identifier.
             */
            $id = $result->result;
            $got_string = false;
        } else {
            /*
             * Probably received a result resource identifier.
             * Copy it.
             * Deprecated.  Here for compatibility only.
             */
            $id = $result;
            $got_string = false;
        }

        if (!is_resource($id)) {
            return $this->odbcRaiseError(DB_ERROR_NEED_MORE_DATA);
        }

        if ($this->options['portability'] & DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE) {
            $case_func = 'strtolower';
        } else {
            $case_func = 'strval';
        }

        $count = @odbc_num_fields($id);
        $res   = array();

        if ($mode) {
            $res['num_fields'] = $count;
        }

        for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
            $col = $i + 1;
            $res[$i] = array(
                'table' => $got_string ? $case_func($result) : '',
                'name'  => $case_func(@odbc_field_name($id, $col)),
                'type'  => @odbc_field_type($id, $col),
                'len'   => @odbc_field_len($id, $col),
                'flags' => '',
            );
            if ($mode & DB_TABLEINFO_ORDER) {
                $res['order'][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
            }
            if ($mode & DB_TABLEINFO_ORDERTABLE) {
                $res['ordertable'][$res[$i]['table']][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
            }
        }

        // free the result only if we were called on a table
        if ($got_string) {
            @odbc_free_result($id);
        }
        return $res;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ getSpecialQuery()

    /**
     * Obtains the query string needed for listing a given type of objects
     *
     * Thanks to symbol1@gmail.com and Philippe.Jausions@11abacus.com.
     *
     * @param string $type  the kind of objects you want to retrieve
     *
     * @return string  the list of objects requested
     *
     * @access protected
     * @see DB_common::getListOf()
     * @since Method available since Release 1.7.0
     */
    function getSpecialQuery($type)
    {
        switch ($type) {
            case 'databases':
                if (!function_exists('odbc_data_source')) {
                    return null;
                }
                $res = @odbc_data_source($this->connection, SQL_FETCH_FIRST);
                if (is_array($res)) {
                    $out = array($res['server']);
                    while($res = @odbc_data_source($this->connection,
                                                   SQL_FETCH_NEXT))
                    {
                        $out[] = $res['server'];
                    }
                    return $out;
                } else {
                    return $this->odbcRaiseError();
                }
                break;
            case 'tables':
            case 'schema.tables':
                $keep = 'TABLE';
                break;
            case 'views':
                $keep = 'VIEW';
                break;
            default:
                return null;
        }

        /*
         * Removing non-conforming items in the while loop rather than
         * in the odbc_tables() call because some backends choke on this:
         *     odbc_tables($this->connection, '', '', '', 'TABLE')
         */
        $res  = @odbc_tables($this->connection);
        if (!$res) {
            return $this->odbcRaiseError();
        }
        $out = array();
        while ($row = odbc_fetch_array($res)) {
            if ($row['TABLE_TYPE'] != $keep) {
                continue;
            }
            if ($type == 'schema.tables') {
                $out[] = $row['TABLE_SCHEM'] . '.' . $row['TABLE_NAME'];
            } else {
                $out[] = $row['TABLE_NAME'];
            }
        }
        return $out;
    }

    // }}}

}

/*
 * Local variables:
 * tab-width: 4
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * End:
 */

?>