code:
---
title: Hardware compatibility list
x-toc-enable: true
...

This sections relates to known hardware compatibility in libreboot.

For installatation instructions, refer to [../install/](../install/).

List of supported hardware
--------------------------

Libreboot supports the following systems in this release:

### Desktops (AMD, Intel, x86)

-   [Gigabyte GA-G41M-ES2L motherboard](ga-g41m-es2l.md)
-   [Intel D510MO motherboard](d510mo.md)
-   [ASUS KCMA-D8 motherboard](kcma-d8.md)
-   [Intel D945GCLF](d945gclf.md)
-   [Apple iMac 5,2](imac52.md)

### Servers/workstations (AMD, x86)

-   [ASUS KFSN4-DRE motherboard](kfsn4-dre.md)
-   [ASUS KGPE-D16 motherboard](kgpe-d16.md)

### Laptops (ARM)

-   [ASUS Chromebook C201](c201.md)

### Laptops (Intel, x86)

-   [Lenovo ThinkPad X60/X60s](#list-of-supported-thinkpad-x60s)
-   [Lenovo ThinkPad X60 Tablet](#list-of-supported-thinkpad-x60-tablets)
-   [Lenovo ThinkPad T60](#supported-t60-list) (some exceptions)
-   [Lenovo ThinkPad X200](x200.md)
-   [Lenovo ThinkPad R400](r400.md)
-   [Lenovo ThinkPad T400](t400.md)
-   [Lenovo ThinkPad T500](t500.md)
-   [Lenovo ThinkPad W500](t500.md)
-   [Apple MacBook1,1](#information-about-the-macbook11)
-   [Apple MacBook2,1](#information-about-the-macbook21)

'Supported' means that the build scripts know how to build ROM images
for these systems, and that the systems have been tested (confirmed
working). There may be exceptions; in other words, this is a list of
'officially' supported systems.

It is also possible to build ROM images (from source) for other systems
(and virtual systems, e.g. QEMU).

EC update on i945 (X60, T60) and GM45 (X200, T400, T500, R400, W500)
==============================================================

It is recommended that you update to the latest EC firmware version. The
[EC firmware](../../faq.md#ec-embedded-controller-firmware) is separate from
libreboot, so we don't actually provide that, but if you still have
Lenovo BIOS then you can just run the Lenovo BIOS update utility, which
will update both the BIOS and EC version. See:

-   [../install/#flashrom](../install/#flashrom)
-   <http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/BIOS_update_without_optical_disk>

NOTE: this can only be done when you are using Lenovo BIOS. How to
update the EC firmware while running libreboot is unknown. Libreboot
only replaces the BIOS firmware, not EC.

Updated EC firmware has several advantages e.g. bettery battery
handling.

How to find what EC version you have (i945/GM45)
================================================

In GNU+Linux, you can try this:

    $ grep 'at EC' /proc/asound/cards

Sample output:

    ThinkPad Console Audio Control at EC reg 0x30, fw 7WHT19WW-3.6

7WHT19WW is the version in different notation, use search engine to find
out regular version - in this case it's a 1.06 for x200 tablet

Recommended wifi chipsets
-------------------------

The following are known to work well:

-   mini PCI express cards using the Atheros AR9285 chipset (e.g.
    Atheros AR5B95) - 802.11n
-   USB dongles using the AR9271 chipset (e.g. Unex DNuA 93-F) - 802.11n
-   Any of the chipsets listed at
    <https://h-node.org/wifi/catalogue/en/1/1/undef/undef/yes?>

The following was mentioned (on IRC), but it's unknown to the libreboot
project if these work with linux-libre kernel (TODO: test):

-   ar5bhb116 ar9382 ABGN
-   \[0200\]: Qualcomm Atheros AR242x / AR542x Wireless Network Adapter
    (PCI-Express) \[168c:001c\]

List of supported ThinkPad X60s
-------------------------------

Native gpu initialization ('native graphics') which replaces the
proprietary VGA Option ROM ('[Video
BIOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_BIOS)' or 'VBIOS'), all
known LCD panels are currently compatible:

To find what LCD panel you have, see:
[../misc/\#get\_edid\_panelname](../misc/#get_edid_panelname).

-   TMD-Toshiba LTD121ECHB: \#
-   CMO N121X5-L06: \#
-   Samsung LTN121XJ-L07: \#
-   BOE-Hydis HT121X01-101: \#

You can remove an X61/X61s motherboard from the chassis and install an
X60/X60s motherboard in it's place (for flashing libreboot). The
chassis is mostly identical and the motherboards are the same
shape/size.

The X60 typically comes with an Intel wifi chipset which does not work
at all without proprietary firmware, and while Lenovo BIOS is running
the system will refuse to boot if you replace the card. Fortunately it
is very easily replaced; just remove the card and install another one
*after* libreboot is installed. See
[\#recommended\_wifi](#recommended_wifi) for replacements.

List of supported ThinkPad X60 Tablets
--------------------------------------

Native gpu initialization ('native graphics') which replaces the
proprietary VGA Option ROM ('[Video
BIOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_BIOS)' or 'VBIOS').

To find what LCD panel you have, see:
[../misc/\#get\_edid\_panelname](../misc/#get_edid_panelname).

There are 6 known LCD panels for the X60 Tablet:

-   *X60T XGA (1024x768):*
    -   BOE-Hydis HV121X03-100 (works)
    -   Toshiba Matsushita LTD121KC9B (works)
    -   Samsung LTN121XP01 (does not work. blank screen)
    -   BOE-Hydis HT12X21-351 (does not work. blank screen)
-   *X60T SXGA+ (1400x1050):*
    -   BOE-Hydis HV121P01-100 (works)
    -   BOE-Hydis HV121P01-101 (works)

Most X60Ts only have digitizer (pen), but some have finger (touch)
aswell as pen; finger/multitouch doesn't work, only digitizer (pen)
does.

You can remove an X61/X61s motherboard from the chassis and install an
X60/X60s motherboard in its place (for flashing libreboot). The chassis
is mostly identical and the motherboards are the same shape/size. *It
is unknown if the same applies between the X60 Tablet and the X61
Tablet*.

The X60 Tablet typically comes with an Intel wifi chipset which does not
work at all without proprietary firmware, and while Lenovo BIOS is
running the system will refuse to boot if you replace the card.
Fortunately it is very easily replaced; just remove the card and install
another one *after* libreboot is installed. See
[\#recommended\_wifi](#recommended_wifi) for replacements.

A user with a X60T that has digitizer+finger support, reported that they
could get finger input working. They used linuxwacom at git tag
0.25.99.2 and had the following in their xorg.conf:

    # Now, for some reason (probably a bug in linuxwacom),
    # the 'Touch=on' directive gets reset to 'off'.
    # So you'll need to do
    # $ xsetwacom --set WTouch Touch on
    #
    # tested with linuxwacom git 42a42b2a8636abc9e105559e5dea467163499de7

    Section "Monitor"
         Identifier             "<default monitor>"
         DisplaySize     245 184
    EndSection

    Section "Screen"
         Identifier "Default Screen Section"
         Monitor    "<default monitor<"
    EndSection

    Section "InputDevice"
         Identifier  "WTouch"
         Driver      "wacom"
         Option      "Device" "/dev/ttyS0"
    #    Option      "DebugLevel" "12"
         Option      "BaudRate" "38400"
         Option      "Type" "touch"
         Option      "Touch" "on"
         Option      "Gesture" "on"
         Option      "ForceDevice" "ISDV4"
    #    Option      "KeepShape" "on"
         Option      "Mode" "Absolute"
         Option      "RawSample" "2"
    #    Option      "TPCButton" "off"
         Option      "TopX" "17"
         Option      "TopY" "53"
         Option      "BottomX" "961"
         Option      "BottomY" "985"
    EndSection

    Section "ServerLayout"
      Identifier    "Default Layout"
      Screen        "Default Screen Section"
      InputDevice   "WTouch" "SendCoreEvents"
    EndSection

Supported T60 list
------------------

Native gpu initialization ('native graphics') which replaces the
proprietary VGA Option ROM ('[Video
BIOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_BIOS)' or 'VBIOS').

To find what LCD panel you have, see:
[../misc/\#get\_edid\_panelname](../misc/#get_edid_panelname).

*Some T60 variants have ATI GPUs, and all T60p laptops have ATI GPUs These are
incompatible! See [\#thinkpad-t60-ati-gpu-and-thinkpad-t60-intel-gpu-differences](#thinkpad-t60-ati-gpu-and-thinkpad-t60-intel-gpu-differences) for how to remedy
this.*

Tested LCD panels: (working)

-   IDtech N141XC (14.1" 1024x768)
-   TMD-Toshiba LTD141ECMB (14.1" 1024x768)
-   TMD-Toshiba LTD141EN9B (14.1" 1400x1050) (FRU P/N 41W1478 recommended for
    the inverter board)
-   Samsung LTN141P4-L02 (14.1" 1400x1050) (FRU P/N 41W1478 recommended for the
    inverter board)
-   LG-Philips LP150E05-A2K1 (15.1" 1400x1050) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N
    41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)
-   Samsung LTN150P4-L01 (15.1" 1400x1050) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N
    41W1338 recommended for the inverter board) (not a T60 screen afaik, but it
    works)
-   BOE-Hydis HV150UX1-100 (15.1" 1600x1200) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N
    41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)
-   Samsung LTN141XA-L01 (14.1" 1024x768)

Tested LCD panels: *not working yet (incompatible; see
[../future/\#lcd\_i945\_incompatibility](../future/#lcd_i945_incompatibility))*

-   LG-Philips LP150X09 (15.1" 1024x768)
-   Samsung LTN150XG (15.1" 1024x768)
-   LG-Philips LP150E06-A5K4 (15.1" 1400x1050) (also, not an official
    T60 screen)
-   Samsung LTN154X3-L0A (15.4" 1280x800)
-   IDtech IAQX10N (15.1" 2048x1536) (no display in GRUB, display in
    GNU+Linux is temperamental) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N 41W1338
    recommended for the inverter board)
-   IDtech N150U3-L01 (15.1" 1600x1200) (no display in GRUB, display in
    GNU+Linux works) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N 41W1338 recommended
    for the inverter board)

*The following LCD panels are untested. If you have one of these panels then
please submit a report!*:

-   BOE-Hydis HT14X14 (14.1" 1024x768)
-   Boe-Hydis HT14P12 (14.1" 1400x1050) (FRU P/N 41W1478 recommended
    for the inverter board)
-   CMO (IDtech?) 13N7068 (15.1" 1024x768)
-   CMO (IDtech?) 13N7069 (15.1" 1024x768)
-   BOE-Hydis HV150P01-100 (15.1" 1400x1050) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079
    or P/N 41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)
-   BOE-Hydis HV150UX1-102 (15.1" 1600x1200) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079
    or P/N 41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)
-   IDtech IAQX10S (15.1" 2048x1536) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N
    41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)
-   Samsung LTN154P2-L05 (42X4641 42T0329) (15.4" 1680x1050)
-   LG-Philips LP154W02-TL10 (13N7020 42T0423) (15.4" 1680x1050)
-   LG-Philips LP154WU1-TLB1 (42T0361) (15.4" 1920x1200) *(for T61p
    but it might work in T60. Unknown!)*
-   Samsung LTN154U2-L05 (42T0408 42T0574) (15.4" 1920x1200) *(for
    T61p but it might work in T60. Unknown!)*

It is unknown whether the 1680x1050 (15.4") and 1920x1200 (15.4")
panels use a different inverter board than the 1280x800 panels.

The T60 typically comes with an Intel wifi chipset which does not work
at all without proprietary firmware, and while Lenovo BIOS is running
the system will refuse to boot if you replace the card. Fortunately it
is very easily replaced; just remove the card and install another one
*after* libreboot is installed. See
[\#recommended\_wifi](#recommended_wifi) for replacements.

ThinkPad T60 (ATI GPU) and ThinkPad T60 (Intel GPU) differences
----------------------------------------------------------------

If your T60 is a 14.1" or 15.1" model with an ATI GPU, it won't work
with libreboot by default but you can replace the motherboard with
another T60 motherboard that has an Intel GPU, and then libreboot should
work.

As far as I know, 14.1" (Intel GPU) and 15.1" (Intel GPU) T60
motherboards are the same, where 'spacers' are used on the 15.1" T60.
In any case, it makes sense to find one that is guaranteed to fit in
your chassis.

There is also a 15.4" T60 with Intel GPU.

Note: the T60*p* laptops all have ATI graphics. The T60p laptops
cannot be used with libreboot under any circumstances.

The following T60 motherboard (see area highlighted in white) shows an
empty space where the ATI GPU would be (this particular motherboard has
an Intel GPU):\

![](../images/t60_dev/t60_unbrick.jpg)

The reason that the ATI GPU on T60 is unsupported is due to the VBIOS
(Video BIOS) which is non-free. The VBIOS for the Intel GPU on X60/T60
has been reverse engineered, and replaced with Free Software and so will
work in libreboot.

The 'Video BIOS' is what initializes graphics.

See: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_BIOS>.\
In fact, lack of free VBIOS in general is a big problem in coreboot, and
is one reason (among others) why many ports for coreboot are unsuitable
for libreboot's purpose.

Theoretically, the ThinkPad T60 with ATI GPU can work with libreboot and
have ROM images compiled for it, however in practise it would not be
usable as a laptop because there would be no visual display at all. That
being said, such a configuration is acceptable for use in a 'headless'
server setup (with serial and/or ssh console as the display).

Information about the macbook1,1
--------------------------------

There is an Apple laptop called the macbook1,1 from 2006 which uses the
same i945 chipset as the ThinkPad X60/T60. A developer ported the
[MacBook2,1](#information-about-the-macbook21) to coreboot, the ROM images also work on the
macbook1,1.

You can refer to [\#information-about-the-macbook21](#information-about-the-macbook21)
for most of this. Macbook2,1 laptops come with Core 2 Duo processors
which support 64-bit operating systems (and 32-bit). The MacBook1,1
uses Core Duo processors (supports 32-bit OS but not 64-bit), and it is
believed that this is the only difference.

It is believed that all models are compatible, listed here:

-   <http://www.everymac.com/ultimate-mac-lookup/?search_keywords=MacBook1,1>

### Compatible models

Specifically (Order No. / Model No. / CPU):

-   MA255LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2092) / Core Duo T2500 *(tested - working)*
-   MA254LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2092) / Core Duo T2400 *(tested - working)*
-   MA472LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2092) / Core Duo T2500 (untested)

Unbricking: [this page shows disassembly
guides](https://www.ifixit.com/Device/MacBook_Core_2_Duo) and mono's
page (see [\#information-about-the-macbook21](#information-about-the-macbook21))
shows the location of the SPI flash chip on the motherboard. [How to remove the motherboard](https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/MacBook+Core+2+Duo+PRAM+Battery+Replacement/529).

No method is yet known for flashing in GNU+Linux while the Apple
firmware is running. You will need to disassemble the system and flash
externally. Reading from flash seems to work. For external flashing,
refer to [../install/bbb\_setup.md](../install/bbb_setup.md).

Information about the macbook2,1
--------------------------------

There is an Apple laptop called the macbook2,1 from late 2006 or early
2007 that uses the same i945 chipset as the ThinkPad X60 and ThinkPad
T60. A developer ported coreboot to their macbook2,1, and now libreboot
can run on it.

Mono Moosbart is the person who wrote the port for macbook2,1.
Referenced below are copies (up to date at the time of writing,
20140630) of the pages that this person wrote when porting coreboot to
the macbook2,1. They are included here in case the main site goes down
for whatever reason, since they include a lot of useful information.

Backups created using wget:

    $ wget -m -p -E -k -K -np http://macbook.donderklumpen.de/
    $ wget -m -p -E -k -K -np http://macbook.donderklumpen.de/coreboot/

Use `-e robots=off` if using this trick for other sites and the site restricts
using robots.txt

### Installing GNU+Linux distributions (on Apple EFI firmware)

How to boot an ISO: burn it to a CD (like you would normally) and hold
down the Alt/Control key while booting. The bootloader will detect the
GNU+Linux CD as 'Windows' (because Apple doesn't think GNU+Linux
exists). Install it like you normally would. When you boot up again,
hold Alt/Control once more. The installation (on the HDD) will once
again be seen as 'Windows'. (it's not actually Windows, but Apple
likes to think that Apple and Microsoft are all that exist.) Now to
install libreboot, follow
[../install/\#flashrom\_macbook21](../install/#flashrom_macbook21).

### Coreboot wiki page

-   <https://www.coreboot.org/Board:apple/macbook21>

### Compatible models

It is believed that all models are compatible, listed here:

-   <http://www.everymac.com/ultimate-mac-lookup/?search_keywords=MacBook2,1>

Specifically (Order No. / Model No. / CPU):

-   MA699LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2121) / Intel Core 2 Duo T5600 *(tested -
    working)*
-   MA701LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2121) / Intel Core 2 Duo T7200 *(tested -
    working)*
-   MB061LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2139) / Intel Core 2 Duo T7200 (untested)
-   MA700LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2121) / Intel Core 2 Duo T7200 *(tested -
    working)*
-   MB063LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2139) / Intel Core 2 Duo T7400 (works)
-   MB062LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2139) / Intel Core 2 Duo T7400 *(tested -
    working)*

Also of interest:
[../git/\#config\_macbook21](../git/#config_macbook21).

Unbricking: [this page shows disassembly
guides](https://www.ifixit.com/Device/MacBook_Core_2_Duo) and mono's
page (see above) shows the location of the SPI flash chip on the
motherboard. [How to remove the
motherboard](https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/MacBook+Core+2+Duo+PRAM+Battery+Replacement/529).

For external flashing, refer to
[../install/bbb\_setup.md](../install/bbb_setup.md).

You need to replace OS X with GNU+Linux before flashing libreboot. (OSX
won't run at all in libreboot).

### Issues and solutions

There is one mouse button only, however multiple finger tapping
works. Battery life is poor compared to X60/T60. The Apple logo on the
back is a hole, exposing the backlight, which means that it glows. You
should [cover it up](http://cweiske.de/tagebuch/tuxbook.htm).

*The MacBook2,1 comes with a webcam which does not work with free
software. Webcams are a privacy and security risk; cover it up! Or
remove it.*

Further issues do have solutions:

#### Enable AltGr

The keyboard has a keypad enter instead of an AltGr. The first key on
the right side of the spacebar is the Apple "command" key. On its
right is the keypad enter. We can make it act as an AltGr.

If your operating system is Trisquel or other dpkg-based distribution,
there is an easy solution. Under root (or sudo) run

    # dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

and select the option "apple laptop", leave other settings as their
defaults until you are given the option "Use Keypad Enter as
AltGr". Select this. The keypad enter key will then act as an AltGr
everywhere.

For Parabola or other systemd-based distributions you can enable AltGr
manually. Simply add the line

    KEYMAP_TOGGLE=lv3:enter_switch

to the file /etc/vconsole.conf and then restart the computer.

#### Enable 3-finger tap

A user submitted a utility to enable 3-finger tap on this laptop. It's
available at *resources/utilities/macbook21-three-finger-tap* in the
libreboot git repository.

#### Make touchpad more responsive

Linux kernels of version 3.15 or lower might make the touchpad
extremely sluggish. A user reported that they could get better
response from the touchpad with the following in their xorg.conf:

    Section "InputClass"
     Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
     Driver "synaptics"
     MatchIsTouchpad "on"
     MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
     Driver "synaptics"
    # The next two values determine how much pressure one needs
    # for tapping, moving the cursor and other events.
     Option "FingerLow" "10"
     Option "FingerHigh" "15"
    # Do not emulate mouse buttons in the touchpad corners.
     Option "RTCornerButton" "0"
     Option "RBCornerButton" "0"
     Option "LTCornerButton" "0"
     Option "LBCornerButton" "0"
    # One finger tap = left-click
     Option "TapButton1" "1"
    # Two fingers tap = right-click
     Option "TapButton2" "3"
    # Three fingers tap = middle-mouse
     Option "TapButton3" "2"
    # Try to not count the palm of the hand landing on the touchpad
    # as a tap. Not sure if helps.
     Option "PalmDetect" "1"
    # The following modifies how long and how fast scrolling continues
    # after lifting the finger when scrolling
     Option "CoastingSpeed" "20"
     Option "CoastingFriction" "200"
    # Smaller number means that the finger has to travel less distance
    # for it to count as cursor movement. Larger number prevents cursor
    # shaking.
     Option "HorizHysteresis" "10"
     Option "VertHysteresis" "10"
    # Prevent two-finger scrolling. Very jerky movement
     Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "0"
     Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "0"
    # Use edge scrolling
     Option "HorizEdgeScroll" "1"
     Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
    EndSection

Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>\
Copyright © 2017 Eemeli Blåsten <https://drblasten.com>\

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation
with no Invariant Sections, no Front Cover Texts, and no Back Cover Texts.
A copy of this license is found in [../fdl-1.3.md](../fdl-1.3.md)


code:
---
title: ASUS KCMA-D8 desktop/workstation board
...

This is a desktop board using AMD hardware (Fam10h *and Fam15h* CPUs
available). It can also be used for building a high-powered workstation.
Powered by libreboot. The coreboot port was done by Timothy Pearson of
Raptor Engineering Inc. and, working with them, merged into libreboot.

*Memory initialization is still problematic, for some modules. We
recommend avoiding Kingston modules.*

Flashing instructions can be found at
[../install/\#flashrom](../install/#flashrom) - note that external
flashing is required (e.g. BBB), if the proprietary (ASUS) firmware is
currently installed. If you already have libreboot, by default it is
possible to re-flash using software running in GNU+Linux on the kcma-d8,
without using external hardware.

CPU compatibility
=================

*Use Opteron 4200 series (works without microcode updates, including hw
virt).* 4300 series needs microcode updates, so avoid those CPUs. 4100
series is too old, and mostly untested.

Board status (compatibility) {#boardstatus}
============================

See <https://raptorengineeringinc.com/coreboot/kcma-d8-status.php>.

Form factor {#formfactor}
===========

This board is ATX form factor. While the [ATX standard, version 2.2](https://web.archive.org/web/20120725150314/http://www.formfactors.org/developer/specs/atx2_2.pdf)
specifies board dimensions 305mm x 244mm, this board measures 305mm x 253mm;
ensure your case supports this extra ~centimeter in width.

IPMI iKVM module add-on {#ipmi}
=======================

Don't use it. It uses proprietary firmware and adds a backdoor (remote
out-of-band management chip, similar to the [Intel Management
Engine](../../faq.md#intelme). Fortunately, the firmware is
unsigned (possibly to replace) and physically separate from the
mainboard since it's on the add-on module, which you don't have to
install.

Flash chips {#flashchips}
===========

2MiB flash chips are included by default, on these boards. It's on a
P-DIP 8 slot (SPI chip). The flash chip can be upgraded to higher sizes:
4MiB, 8MiB or 16MiB. With at least 8MiB, you could feasibly fit a
compressed linux+initramfs image (BusyBox+Linux system) into CBFS and
boot that, loading it into memory.

Libreboot has configs for 2, 4, 8 and 16 MiB flash chip sizes (default
flash chip is 2MiB).

*DO NOT hot-swap the chip with your bare hands. Use a P-DIP 8 chip
extractor. These can be found online. See
<http://www.coreboot.org/Developer_Manual/Tools#Chip_removal_tools>*

Native graphics initialization {#graphics}
==============================

Only text-mode is known to work, but linux(kernel) can initialize the
framebuffer display (if it has KMS - kernel mode setting).

Current issues {#issues}
==============

-   LRDIMM memory modules are currently incompatible
-   SAS (via PIKE 2008 module) requires non-free option ROM (and
    SeaBIOS) to boot from it (theoretically possible to replace, but you
    can put a kernel in CBFS or on SATA and use that to boot GNU, which
    can be on a SAS drive. The linux kernel can use those SAS drives
    (via PIKE module) without an option ROM).

-   IPMI iKVM module (optional add-on card) uses proprietary firmware.
    Since it's for remote out-of-band management, it's theoretically a
    backdoor similar to the Intel Management Engine. Fortunately, unlike
    the ME, this firmware is unsigned which means that a free
    replacement is theoretically possible. For now, the libreboot
    project recommends not installing the module. [This
    project](https://github.com/facebook/openbmc) might be interesting
    to derive from, for those who want to work on a free replacement. In
    practise, out-of-band management isn't very useful anyway (or at
    the very least, it's not a major inconvenience to not have it).
-   Graphics: only text-mode works. See [\#graphics](#graphics)

Hardware specifications {#specifications}
-----------------------

Check the ASUS website.

Copyright © 2016 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>\

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation
with no Invariant Sections, no Front Cover Texts, and no Back Cover Texts.
A copy of this license is found in [../fdl-1.3.md](../fdl-1.3.md)

license: mit


code:
---
title: ASUS KFSN4-DRE server/workstation board
...

This is a server board using AMD hardware (Fam10h). It can also be used
for building a high-powered workstation. Powered by libreboot.

Flashing instructions can be found at
[../install/\#flashrom](../install/#flashrom)

Form factor {#formfactor}
===========

These boards use the SSI EEB 3.61 form factor; make sure that your case
supports this. This form factor is similar to E-ATX in that the size is
identical, but the position of the screws are different.

Flash chips {#flashchips}
===========

These boards use LPC flash (not SPI), in a PLCC socket. The default
flash size 1MiB (8Mbits), and can be upgraded to 2MiB (16Mbits).
SST49LF080A is the default that the board uses. SST49LF016C is an
example of a 2MiB (16Mbits) chip, which might work. It is believed that
2MiB (16Mbits) is the maximum size available for the flash chip.

*DO NOT hot-swap the chip with your bare hands. Use a PLCC chip
extractor. These can be found online. See
<http://www.coreboot.org/Developer_Manual/Tools#Chip_removal_tools>*

Native graphics initialization {#graphics}
==============================

Native graphics initialization exists (XGI Z9s) for this board.
Framebuffer- and text-mode both work. A serial port is also available.

Memory
======

DDR2 533/667 Registered ECC. 16 slots. Total capacity up to 64GiB.

Hex-core CPUs {#hexcore}
=============

PCB revision 1.05G is the latest version of this board and the best one
(the revision number is be printed on the board), if you want to use
dual hex-core CPUs (Opteron 2400/8400 series), though only two board
configurations are believed to support them. Other revisions are
believed to only support dual quad-core CPUs.

To be sure your board supports a CPU check the official ASUS website here:
<https://www.asus.com/support/cpu_support>. Note: not all CPUs are listed.

If you are running a Hex-Core CPU on any board version, please contact us.

Board configurations {#configurations}
==============
There are 7 different configurations of this board: "standard", 2S, iKVM,
iKVM/IST, SAS, SAS/iKVM and SAS/iKVM/IST.

The 2S boards have two PCI-E slots with the numbers of lanes shared,
making each slot have 8 lanes.

The iKVM boards are so called because they offer a remote real-time access
to the machine through a removable PCI management card, their hardware is
the same as the non-iKVM ones.

The SAS versions have a 4-port SAS controller and a four 7-pin SAS connectors
instead of the PCI-E 8x slot which is present in all the other board configurations.
Note: the SAS functionality is **not supported** by libreboot.

The IST versions with PCB revision 1.05G are the ones who are believed to
support the six core Opteron Istanbul processors (2400 and 8400 series).

Current issues {#issues}
==============

-   There seems to be a 30 second bootblock delay (observed by
    tpearson); the system otherwise boots and works as expected. See
    [text/kfsn4-dre/bootlog.txt](text/kfsn4-dre/bootlog.txt) - this uses
    the 'simple' bootblock, while tpearson uses the 'normal'
    bootblock, which tpearson suspects may be a possible cause. This
    person says that they will look into it. [This
    config](http://review.coreboot.org/gitweb?p=board-status.git;a=blob;f=asus/kfsn4-dre/4.0-10101-g039edeb/2015-06-27T03:59:16Z/config.txt;h=4742905c185a93fbda8eb14322dd82c70641aef0;hb=055f5df4e000a97453dfad6c91c2d06ea22b8545)
    doesn't have the issue.

-   Text-mode is jittery and it may not be usable, so it's recommended
    to flash the BIOS with the coreboot frame-buffer image (kfsn4-dre_vesafb.rom).
    The jitter disappears if using KMS once the kernel starts, but it will
    remain, if booting the kernel in text-mode.

-   Booting from USB mass storage devices is not possible; neither GRUB
    nor SeaBIOS detect USB drives when present. USB keyboards function
    under both GRUB and SeaBIOS, albeit slowly under GRUB (several seconds per
    character typed).

-   To install an operating system you will need a hard disk
    with a pre-installed OS otherwise you have to plug in another hard disk or
    a CD/DVD reader in order to boot a copy of the installer of your OS, since
    the USB booting doesn't work.

Other information
=================

[specifications](https://web.archive.org/web/20181212180051/http://ftp.tekwind.co.jp/pub/asustw/mb/Socket%20F/KFSN4-DRE/Manual/e3335_kfsn4-dre.pdf)

Copyright © 2015 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>\

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation
with no Invariant Sections, no Front Cover Texts, and no Back Cover Texts.
A copy of this license is found in [../fdl-1.3.md](../fdl-1.3.md)


code:
---
title: ASUS KGPE-D16 server/workstation board
...

This is a server board using AMD hardware (Fam10h *and Fam15h* CPUs
available). It can also be used for building a high-powered workstation.
Powered by libreboot. The coreboot port was done by Timothy Pearson of
Raptor Engineering Inc. and, working with them (and sponsoring the
work), merged into libreboot.

*Memory initialization is still problematic, for some modules. We
recommend avoiding Kingston modules.*
*For working configurations see <https://www.coreboot.org/Board:asus/kgpe-d16>.*

Flashing instructions can be found at
[../install/\#flashrom](../install/#flashrom) - note that external
flashing is required (e.g. BBB), if the proprietary (ASUS) firmware is
currently installed. If you already have libreboot, by default it is
possible to re-flash using software running in GNU+Linux on the
KGPE-D16, without using external hardware.

CPU compatibility
=================

*Use Opteron 6200 series (works without microcode updates, including hw
virt).* 6300 series needs microcode updates, so avoid those CPUs. 6100
series is too old, and mostly untested.

Board status (compatibility) {#boardstatus}
============================

See <https://raptorengineeringinc.com/coreboot/kgpe-d16-status.php>.

Form factor {#formfactor}
===========

These boards use the SSI EEB 3.61 form factor; make sure that your case
supports this. This form factor is similar to E-ATX in that the size is
identical, but the position of the screws are different.

IPMI iKVM module add-on {#ipmi}
=======================

Don't use it. It uses proprietary firmware and adds a backdoor (remote
out-of-band management chip, similar to the [Intel Management
Engine](../../faq.md#intelme). Fortunately, the firmware is
unsigned (possibly to replace) and physically separate from the
mainboard since it's on the add-on module, which you don't have to
install.

Flash chips {#flashchips}
===========

2MiB flash chips are included by default, on these boards. It's on a
P-DIP 8 slot (SPI chip). The flash chip can be upgraded to higher sizes:
4MiB, 8MiB or 16MiB. With at least 8MiB, you could feasibly fit a
compressed linux+initramfs image (BusyBox+Linux system) into CBFS and
boot that, loading it into memory.

Libreboot has configs for 2, 4, 8 and 16 MiB flash chip sizes (default
flash chip is 2MiB).

*DO NOT hot-swap the chip with your bare hands. Use a P-DIP 8 chip
extractor. These can be found online. See
<http://www.coreboot.org/Developer_Manual/Tools#Chip_removal_tools>*

Native graphics initialization {#graphics}
==============================

Only text-mode is known to work, but linux(kernel) can initialize the
framebuffer display (if it has KMS - kernel mode setting).

Current issues {#issues}
==============

-   LRDIMM memory modules are currently incompatible
-   SAS (via PIKE 2008 module) requires non-free option ROM (and
    SeaBIOS) to boot from it (theoretically possible to replace, but you
    can put a kernel in CBFS or on SATA and use that to boot GNU, which
    can be on a SAS drive. The linux kernel can use those SAS drives
    (via PIKE module) without an option ROM).

-   IPMI iKVM module (optional add-on card) uses proprietary firmware.
    Since it's for remote out-of-band management, it's theoretically a
    backdoor similar to the Intel Management Engine. Fortunately, unlike
    the ME, this firmware is unsigned which means that a free
    replacement is theoretically possible. For now, the libreboot
    project recommends not installing the module. [This
    project](https://github.com/facebook/openbmc) might be interesting
    to derive from, for those who want to work on a free replacement. In
    practise, out-of-band management isn't very useful anyway (or at
    the very least, it's not a major inconvenience to not have it).
-   Graphics: only text-mode works. See [\#graphics](#graphics)

Hardware specifications {#specifications}
-----------------------

The information here is adapted, from the ASUS website.

### Processor / system bus

-   2 CPU sockets (G34 compatible)
-   HyperTransport™ Technology 3.0
-   CPUs supported:
    -   AMD Opteron 6100 series (Fam10h. No IOMMU support. *Not*
        recommended - old. View errata datasheet here:
        <http://support.amd.com/TechDocs/41322_10h_Rev_Gd.pdf>)
    -   AMD Opteron 6200 series (Fam15h, with full IOMMU support in
        libreboot - *highly recommended - fast, and works well without
        microcode updates, including virtualization*)
    -   AMD Opteron 6300 series (Fam15h, with full IOMMU support in
        libreboot. *AVOID LIKE THE PLAGUE - virtualization is broken
        without microcode updates.*
    -   NOTE: 6300 series CPUs have buggy microcode built-in, and
        libreboot recommends avoiding the updates. The 6200 series CPUs
        have more reliable microcode. Look at this errata datasheet:
        <http://support.amd.com/TechDocs/48063_15h_Mod_00h-0Fh_Rev_Guide.pdf>
        (see Errata 734 - this is what kills the 6300 series)
-   6.4 GT/s per link (triple link)

### Core logic

-   AMD SR5690
-   AMD SP5100

### Memory compatibility (with libreboot)

-   *Total Slots:* 16 (4-channel per CPU, 8 DIMM per CPU), ECC
-   *Capacity:* Maximum up to 256GB RDIMM (Tested max 128GB)
-   *Memory Type that is compatible:*
    -   DDR3 1600/1333/1066/800 UDIMM\*
    -   DDR3 1600/1333/1066/800 RDIMM\*
-   *Compatible sizes per memory module:*
    -   16GB, 8GB, 4GB, 3GB, 2GB, 1GB RDIMM
    -   8GB, 4GB, 2GB, 1GB UDIMM

### Expansion slots

-   *Total slot:* 6
-   *Slot Location 1:* PCI 32bit/33MHz
-   *Slot Location 2:* PCI-E x16 (Gen2 X8 Link)
-   *Slot Location 3:* PCI-E x16 (Gen2 X16 Link), Auto switch to x8
    link if slot 2 is occupied
-   *Slot Location 4:* PCI-E x8 (Gen2 X4 Link)
-   *Slot Location 5:* PCI-E x16 (Gen2 X16 Link)
-   *Slot Location 6:* PCI-E x16 (Gen2 X16 Link), Auto turn off if
    slot 5 is occupied, For 1U FH/FL Card, MIO supported
-   *Additional Slot 1:* PIKE slot (for SAS drives. See notes above)
-   Follow SSI Location\#

### Form factor {#form-factor}

-   SSI EEB 3.61 (12"x13")

### ASUS features

-   Fan Speed Control
-   Rack Ready (Rack and Pedestal dual use)

### Storage

-   *SATA controller:*
    -   AMD SP5100
    -   6 x SATA2 300MB/s
-   *SAS/SATA Controller:*
    -   ASUS PIKE2008 3Gbps 8-port SAS card included

### Networking

-   2 x Intel® 82574L + 1 x Mgmt LAN

### Graphics

-   Aspeed AST2050 with 8MB VRAM

### On board I/O

-   1 x PSU Power Connector (24-pin SSI power connector + 8-pin SSI
    12V + 8-pin SSI 12V power connector)
-   1 x Management Connector , Onboard socket for management card
-   3 x USB pin header , Up to 6 Devices
-   1 x Internal A Type USB Port
-   8 x Fan Header , 4pin (3pin/4pin fan dual support)
-   2 x SMBus
-   1 x Serial Port Header
-   1 x TPM header
-   1 x PS/2 KB/MS port

### Back I/O ports

-   1 x External Serial Port
-   2 x External USB Port
-   1 x VGA Port
-   2 x RJ-45
-   1 x PS/2 KB/Mouse

### Environment

-   *Operation temperature:* 10C \~ 35C
-   *Non operation temperature:* -40C \~ 70C
-   *Non operation humidity:* 20% \~ 90% ( Non condensing)

### Monitoring

-   CPU temperatures
-   Fan speed (RPM)

### Note:

-   \* DDR3 1600 can only be supported with AMD Opteron 6300/6200 series
    processor

Copyright © 2015 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>\

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation
with no Invariant Sections, no Front Cover Texts, and no Back Cover Texts.
A copy of this license is found in [../fdl-1.3.md](../fdl-1.3.md)


code:
---
title: Changing the MAC address
...

Introduction (GM45+e1000)
=========================

This section is applicable to all Libreboot-supported laptops with the
mobile 4 series chipset (as shown in `$ lspci`)
that use the e1000 ethernet controller (e.g. T400, X200).
The R500 is an exception to this as it does not use the built-in e1000.

On all these laptops, the
[MAC address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address)
for the built-in gigabit ethernet controller is stored inside the flash chip,
along with Libreboot and other configuration data. Therefore, installing
Libreboot will overwrite it.

Thus, for these laptops, prebuilt Libreboot already contains a generic
MAC address in the configuration section. This address is `00:f5:f0:40:71:fe`
in builds before 2018-01-16 and `00:4c:69:62:72:65` (see the ascii character
set) afterwards.
Unless you change it, your computer will boot and use it. This can lead
to network problems if you have more than one Libreboot computer on
the same layer2 network (e.g. on the same network switch). The switch
(postman) will simply not know who to deliver to as the MAC (house) addresses
will be the same.

To prevent these address clashes, you can either modify prebuilt Libreboot
to use an address of your own choosing or you can change the address in your
operating system's boot scripts.

In either case, it is a good idea to write down the address that your
computer originally had.

Obtaining the existing MAC address
==================================

The existing MAC address may be obtained by the following methods:

1.  Run `ip link` or `ifconfig` in a terminal/console/shell;
    find your ethernet device (e.g., **enpXXX** or **ethXXX**),
    and look for a set of 12 colon-delimited
    [hexadecimal digits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal).
    For example: `00:f3:f0:45:91:fe`.

    * `$ ip link`

         `... link/ether ??:??:??:??:??:?? brd ...`

    * Alternatively:

        `$ ifconfig`

        `... ether ??:??:??:??:??:?? txqueuelen ...`

2.  Otherwise you can read the white label that is often found on the
    motherboard under the memory sticks:
    ![](../install/images/t400/macaddress1.jpg)

3.  The MAC address is usually listed on the laptop chassis as well. This one
    will be incorrect if the motherboard was changed and the stickers were not
    updated.

Changing the MAC address in the operating system
================================================

There are three portable ways of doing so:

1.  Using the new iproute2 package:

    `# ip link set <interface> down`

    `# ip link set dev <interface> address 00:4c:69:62:72:65`

    `# ip link set <interface> up`

2.  Using the old `ifconfig` command:

    `# ifconfig <interface> hw ether 00:4c:69:62:72:65`

3. Using the macchanger package.

You can use use of these three methods in your operating system's
init scripts or you can use your operating system's own networking
configuration. Refer to your operating system's documentation for
how to do this.

Changing the MAC address in Libreboot
=====================================

See [here](../gnulinux/grub_cbfs.md#changeMAC).

Copyright © 2017 Fedja Beader <fedja@protonmail.ch>

Copyright © 2014, 2015 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation
with no Invariant Sections, no Front Cover Texts, and no Back Cover Texts.
A copy of this license is found in [../fdl-1.3.md](../fdl-1.3.md)


code:
---
title: ThinkPad R400
...

It is believed that all or most R400 laptops are compatible. See notes
about [CPU
compatibility](../install/r400_external.html#cpu_compatibility) for
potential incompatibilities.

There are two possible flash chip sizes for the R400: 4MiB (32Mbit) or
8MiB (64Mbit). This can be identified by the type of flash chip below
the palmrest: 4MiB is SOIC-8, 8MiB is SOIC-16.

*The R400 laptops come with the ME (and sometimes AMT in addition)
before flashing libreboot. Libreboot disables and removes it by using a
modified descriptor: see [gm45\_remove\_me.md](gm45_remove_me.md)*
(contains notes, plus instructions)

Flashing instructions can be found at
[../install/\#flashrom](../install/#flashrom)

EC update {#ecupdate}
=========

It is recommended that you update to the latest EC firmware version. The
[EC firmware](../../faq.md#ec-embedded-controller-firmware) is separate from
libreboot, so we don't actually provide that, but if you still have
Lenovo BIOS then you can just run the Lenovo BIOS update utility, which
will update both the BIOS and EC version. See:

-   [../install/#flashrom](../install/#flashrom)
-   <http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/BIOS_update_without_optical_disk>

NOTE: this can only be done when you are using Lenovo BIOS. How to
update the EC firmware while running libreboot is unknown. Libreboot
only replaces the BIOS firmware, not EC.

Updated EC firmware has several advantages e.g. bettery battery
handling.

Compatibility (without blobs) {#compatibility_noblobs}
-----------------------------

### Hardware virtualization (vt-x) {#hwvirt}

The R400, when run without CPU microcode updates in coreboot, currently
kernel panics if running QEMU with vt-x enabled on 2 cores for the
guest. With a single core enabled for the guest, the guest panics (but
the host is fine). Working around this in QEMU might be possible; if
not, software virtualization should work fine (it's just slower).

On GM45 hardware (with libreboot), make sure that the *kvm* and
*kvm\_intel* kernel modules are not loaded, when using QEMU.

The following errata datasheet from Intel might help with investigation:
<http://download.intel.com/design/mobile/specupdt/320121.pdf>

The R400 is almost identical to the X200, code-wise. See
[x200.md](x200.md).

TODO: put hardware register logs here like on the [X200](x200.md) and
[T400](t400.md) page.

Copyright © 2014, 2015 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>\

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation
with no Invariant Sections, no Front Cover Texts, and no Back Cover Texts.
A copy of this license is found in [../fdl-1.3.md](../fdl-1.3.md)


code:
---
title: ThinkPad T400
...

It is believed that all or most laptops of the model T400 are compatible. See notes
about [CPU
compatibility](../install/t400_external.html#cpu_compatibility) for
potential incompatibilities.

There are two possible flash chip sizes for the T400: 4MiB (32Mbit) or
8MiB (64Mbit). This can be identified by the type of flash chip below
the palmrest: 4MiB is SOIC-8, 8MiB is SOIC-16.

*The T400 laptops come with the ME (and sometimes AMT in addition)
before flashing libreboot. Libreboot disables and removes it by using a
modified descriptor: see [gm45\_remove\_me.md](gm45_remove_me.md)*
(contains notes, plus instructions)

Flashing instructions can be found at
[../install/\#flashrom](../install/#flashrom)

EC update {#ecupdate}
=========

It is recommended that you update to the latest EC firmware version. The
[EC firmware](../../faq.md#ec-embedded-controller-firmware) is separate from
libreboot, so we don't actually provide that, but if you still have
Lenovo BIOS then you can just run the Lenovo BIOS update utility, which
will update both the BIOS and EC version. See:

-   [../install/#flashrom](../install/#flashrom)
-   <http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/BIOS_update_without_optical_disk>

NOTE: this can only be done when you are using Lenovo BIOS. How to
update the EC firmware while running libreboot is unknown. Libreboot
only replaces the BIOS firmware, not EC.

Updated EC firmware has several advantages e.g. bettery battery
handling.

Compatibility (without blobs) {#compatibility_noblobs}
-----------------------------

### Hardware virtualization (vt-x) {#hwvirt}

The T400, when run without CPU microcode updates in coreboot, currently
kernel panics if running QEMU with vt-x enabled on 2 cores for the
guest. With a single core enabled for the guest, the guest panics (but
the host is fine). Working around this in QEMU might be possible; if
not, software virtualization should work fine (it's just slower).

On GM45 hardware (with libreboot), make sure that the *kvm* and
*kvm\_intel* kernel modules are not loaded, when using QEMU.

The following errata datasheet from Intel might help with investigation:
<http://download.intel.com/design/mobile/specupdt/320121.pdf>

The T400 is almost identical to the X200, code-wise. See
[x200.md](x200.md).

Hardware register dumps {#regdumps}
-----------------------

The coreboot wiki
[shows](http://www.coreboot.org/Motherboard_Porting_Guide) how to
collect various logs useful in porting to new boards. Following are
outputs from the T400:

-   T400 with *Winbond W25X64* flash chip (8MiB, SOIC-16) and Lenovo
    BIOS 2.02 (EC firmware 1.01):
    -   [../future/dumps/logs-t400-bios2.02-ec1.01/](../future/dumps/logs-t400-bios2.02-ec1.01/)

-   Version of flashrom used for the external flashing/reading logs is
    the one that libreboot git revision c164960 uses.

Copyright © 2015 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>\

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation
with no Invariant Sections, no Front Cover Texts, and no Back Cover Texts.
A copy of this license is found in [../fdl-1.3.md](../fdl-1.3.md)


code:
---
title: ThinkPad T500
...

It is believed that all or most T500 laptops are compatible. See notes
about [CPU
compatibility](../install/t500_external.html#cpu_compatibility) for
potential incompatibilities.

W500 is also compatible, and mostly the same design as T500.

There are two possible flash chip sizes for the T500: 4MiB (32Mbit) or
8MiB (64Mbit). This can be identified by the type of flash chip below
the palmrest: 4MiB is SOIC-8, 8MiB is SOIC-16.

*The T500 laptops come with the ME (and sometimes AMT in addition)
before flashing libreboot. Libreboot disables and removes it by using a
modified descriptor: see [gm45\_remove\_me.md](gm45_remove_me.md)*
(contains notes, plus instructions)

Flashing instructions can be found at
[../install/\#flashrom](../install/#flashrom)

EC update {#ecupdate}
=========

It is recommended that you update to the latest EC firmware version. The
[EC firmware](../../faq.md#ec-embedded-controller-firmware) is separate from
libreboot, so we don't actually provide that, but if you still have
Lenovo BIOS then you can just run the Lenovo BIOS update utility, which
will update both the BIOS and EC version. See:

-   [../install/#flashrom](../install/#flashrom)
-   <http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/BIOS_update_without_optical_disk>

NOTE: this can only be done when you are using Lenovo BIOS. How to
update the EC firmware while running libreboot is unknown. Libreboot
only replaces the BIOS firmware, not EC.

Updated EC firmware has several advantages e.g. bettery battery
handling.

Compatibility (without blobs) {#compatibility_noblobs}
-----------------------------

### Hardware virtualization (vt-x) {#hwvirt}

The T500, when run without CPU microcode updates in coreboot, currently
kernel panics if running QEMU with vt-x enabled on 2 cores for the
guest. With a single core enabled for the guest, the guest panics (but
the host is fine). Working around this in QEMU might be possible; if
not, software virtualization should work fine (it's just slower).

On GM45 hardware (with libreboot), make sure that the *kvm* and
*kvm\_intel* kernel modules are not loaded, when using QEMU.

The following errata datasheet from Intel might help with investigation:
<http://download.intel.com/design/mobile/specupdt/320121.pdf>

The T500 is almost identical to the X200, code-wise. See
[x200.md](x200.md).

Descriptor and Gbe differences {#descriptor_difference}
------------------------------

See
[../future/dumps/t500\_x200\_descriptor/descriptor\_diff\_t500\_x200.txt](../future/dumps/t500_x200_descriptor/descriptor_diff_t500_x200.txt)
and
[../future/dumps/t500\_x200\_descriptor/gbe\_diff\_t500\_x200.txt](../future/dumps/t500_x200_descriptor/gbe_diff_t500_x200.txt)

The patches above are based on the output from ich9deblob on a
factory.rom image dumped from the T500 with a SOIC-8 4MiB flash chip.
The patch re-creates the X200 descriptor/gbe source, so the commands
were something like:

    $ diff -u t500gbe x200gbe
    $ diff -u t500descriptor x200descriptor

ME VSCC table is in a different place and a different size on the T500.
Libreboot disables and removes the ME anyway, so it doesn't matter.

The very same descriptor/gbe used on the X200 (generated by
[ich9gen](gm45_remove_me.html#ich9gen)) was re-used on the T500, and it
still worked.

Hardware register dumps {#regdumps}
-----------------------

The coreboot wiki
[shows](http://www.coreboot.org/Motherboard_Porting_Guide) how to
collect various logs useful in porting to new boards. Following are
outputs from the T500:

-   T500 with *Macronix MX25L3205D* flash chip (4MiB, SOIC-8) and
    Lenovo BIOS 3.13 7VET83WW (EC firmware 1.06):
    -   [../future/dumps/t500log/](../future/dumps/t500log/)

Copyright © 2015 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>\

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation
with no Invariant Sections, no Front Cover Texts, and no Back Cover Texts.
A copy of this license is found in [../fdl-1.3.md](../fdl-1.3.md)


code:
USB

coreboot-4.0-7318-g129462d Mon Dec  8 22:08:18 GMT 2014 starting...
running main(bist = 0)
WARNING: Ignoring S4-assertion-width violation.
Stepping B3
2 CPU cores
AMT enabled
capable of DDR2 of 800 MHz or lower
VT-d enabled
GMCH: GS45, using low power mode by default
TXT enabled
Render frequency: 533 MHz
IGD enabled
PCIe-to-GMCH enabled
GMCH supports DDR3 with 1067 MT or less
GMCH supports FSB with up to 1067 MHz
SMBus controller enabled.
0:50:b
2:51:b
DDR mask 5, DDR 3
Bank 0 populated:
 Raw card type:    F
 Row addr bits:   14
 Col addr bits:   10
 byte width:       1
 page size:     1024
 banks:            8
 ranks:            2
 tAAmin:    105
 tCKmin:     15
  Max clock: 533 MHz
 CAS:       0x01c0
Bank 1 populated:
 Raw card type:    B
 Row addr bits:   15
 Col addr bits:   10
 byte width:       1
 page size:     1024
 banks:            8
 ranks:            1
 tAAmin:    105
 tCKmin:     12
  Max clock: 666 MHz
 CAS:       0x07e0
Trying CAS 7, tCK 15.
Found compatible clock / CAS pair: 533 / 7.
Timing values:
 tCLK:   15
 tRAS:   20
 tRP:     7
 tRCD:    7
 tRFC:  104
 tWR:     8
 tRD:    11
 tRRD:    4
 tFAW:   20
 tWL:     6
Changing memory frequency: old 3, new 6.
Setting IGD memory frequencies for VCO #1.
SFF platform unsupported in RCOMP initialization.
USB

coreboot-4.0-7318-g129462d Mon Dec  8 22:08:18 GMT 2014 starting...
running main(bist = 0)
Interrupted RAM init, reset required.
USB

coreboot-4.0-7318-g129462d Mon Dec  8 22:08:18 GMT 2014 starting...
running main(bist = 0)
Stepping B3
2 CPU cores
AMT enabled
capable of DDR2 of 800 MHz or lower
VT-d enabled
GMCH: GS45, using low power mode by default
TXT enabled
Render frequency: 533 MHz
IGD enabled
PCIe-to-GMCH enabled
GMCH supports DDR3 with 1067 MT or less
GMCH supports FSB with up to 1067 MHz
SMBus controller enabled.
0:50:b
2:51:b
DDR mask 5, DDR 3
Bank 0 populated:
 Raw card type:    F
 Row addr bits:   14
 Col addr bits:   10
 byte width:       1
 page size:     1024
 banks:            8
 ranks:            2
 tAAmin:    105
 tCKmin:     15
  Max clock: 533 MHz
 CAS:       0x01c0
Bank 1 populated:
 Raw card type:    B
 Row addr bits:   15
 Col addr bits:   10
 byte width:       1
 page size:     1024
 banks:            8
 ranks:            1
 tAAmin:    105
 tCKmin:     12
  Max clock: 666 MHz
 CAS:       0x07e0
Trying CAS 7, tCK 15.
Found compatible clock / CAS pair: 533 / 7.
Timing values:
 tCLK:   15
 tRAS:   20
 tRP:     7
 tRCD:    7
 tRFC:  104
 tWR:     8
 tRD:    11
 tRRD:    4
 tFAW:   20
 tWL:     6
Changing memory frequency: old 3, new 6.
Setting IGD memory frequencies for VCO #1.
SFF platform unsupported in RCOMP initialization.
USB

coreboot-4.0-7318-g129462d Mon Dec  8 22:08:18 GMT 2014 starting...
running main(bist = 0)
Interrupted RAM init, reset required.
USB

coreboot-4.0-7318-g129462d Mon Dec  8 22:08:18 GMT 2014 starting...
running main(bist = 0)
Stepping B3
2 CPU cores
AMT enabled
capable of DDR2 of 800 MHz or lower
VT-d enabled
GMCH: GS45, using low power mode by default
TXT enabled
Render frequency: 533 MHz
IGD enabled
PCIe-to-GMCH enabled
GMCH supports DDR3 with 1067 MT or less
GMCH supports FSB with up to 1067 MHz
SMBus controller enabled.
0:50:b
2:51:b
DDR mask 5, DDR 3
Bank 0 populated:
 Raw card type:    F
 Row addr bits:   14
 Col addr bits:   10
 byte width:       1
 page size:     1024
 banks:            8
 ranks:            2
 tAAmin:    105
 tCKmin:     15
  Max clock: 533 MHz
 CAS:       0x01c0
Bank 1 populated:
 Raw card type:    B
 Row addr bits:   15
 Col addr bits:   10
 byte width:       1
 page size:     1024
 banks:            8
 ranks:            1
 tAAmin:    105
 tCKmin:     12
  Max clock: 666 MHz
 CAS:       0x07e0
Trying CAS 7, tCK 15.
Found compatible clock / CAS pair: 533 / 7.
Timing values:
 tCLK:   15
 tRAS:   20
 tRP:     7
 tRCD:    7
 tRFC:  104
 tWR:     8
 tRD:    11
 tRRD:    4
 tFAW:   20
 tWL:     6
Changing memory frequency: old 3, new 6.
Setting IGD memory frequencies for VCO #1.
SFF platform unsupported in RCOMP initialization.