code:
/* $OpenBSD: machdep.c,v 1.170 2015/07/03 11:36:19 miod Exp $ */
/* $NetBSD: machdep.c,v 1.210 2000/06/01 17:12:38 thorpej Exp $ */

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1998, 1999 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
 * by Jason R. Thorpe of the Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility,
 * NASA Ames Research Center and by Chris G. Demetriou.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996 Carnegie-Mellon University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Author: Chris G. Demetriou
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
 * rights to redistribute these changes.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/signalvar.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/sched.h>
#include <sys/buf.h>
#include <sys/reboot.h>
#include <sys/device.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/timeout.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <sys/msgbuf.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/tty.h>
#include <sys/user.h>
#include <sys/exec.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/core.h>
#include <sys/kcore.h>

#include <net/if.h>
#include <uvm/uvm.h>

#include <machine/kcore.h>
#ifndef NO_IEEE
#include <machine/fpu.h>
#endif
#include <sys/timetc.h>

#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/syscallargs.h>

#include <dev/cons.h>

#include <machine/autoconf.h>
#include <machine/cpu.h>
#include <machine/reg.h>
#include <machine/rpb.h>
#include <machine/prom.h>
#include <machine/cpuconf.h>
#ifndef NO_IEEE
#include <machine/ieeefp.h>
#endif
#ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR
#include <machine/lock.h>
#endif

#include <dev/pci/pcivar.h>

#ifdef DDB
#include <machine/db_machdep.h>
#include <ddb/db_extern.h>
#include <ddb/db_interface.h>
#endif

#include "ioasic.h"

#if NIOASIC > 0
#include <machine/tc_machdep.h>
#include <dev/tc/tcreg.h>
#include <dev/tc/ioasicvar.h>
#endif

int	cpu_dump(void);
int	cpu_dumpsize(void);
u_long	cpu_dump_mempagecnt(void);
void	dumpsys(void);
void	identifycpu(void);
void	regdump(struct trapframe *framep);
void	printregs(struct reg *);

struct uvm_constraint_range  isa_constraint = { 0x0, 0x00ffffffUL };
struct uvm_constraint_range  dma_constraint = { 0x0, (paddr_t)-1 };
struct uvm_constraint_range *uvm_md_constraints[] = {
	&isa_constraint,
	NULL
};

struct vm_map *exec_map = NULL;
struct vm_map *phys_map = NULL;

/*
 * safepri is a safe priority for sleep to set for a spin-wait
 * during autoconfiguration or after a panic.
 */
int   safepri = 0;

#ifdef APERTURE
#ifdef INSECURE
int allowaperture = 1;
#else
int allowaperture = 0;
#endif
#endif

int	totalphysmem;		/* total amount of physical memory in system */
int	physmem;		/* physical mem used by OpenBSD + some rsvd */
int	resvmem;		/* amount of memory reserved for PROM */
int	unusedmem;		/* amount of memory for OS that we don't use */
int	unknownmem;		/* amount of memory with an unknown use */

int	cputype;		/* system type, from the RPB */

int	bootdev_debug = 0;	/* patchable, or from DDB */

/* the following is used externally (sysctl_hw) */
char	machine[] = MACHINE;		/* from <machine/param.h> */
char	cpu_model[128];

struct	user *proc0paddr;

/* Number of machine cycles per microsecond */
u_int64_t	cycles_per_usec;

struct bootinfo_kernel bootinfo;

struct consdev *cn_tab;

/* For built-in TCDS */
#if defined(DEC_3000_300) || defined(DEC_3000_500)
u_int8_t	dec_3000_scsiid[2], dec_3000_scsifast[2];
#endif

struct platform platform;

/* for cpu_sysctl() */
int	alpha_unaligned_print = 1;	/* warn about unaligned accesses */
int	alpha_unaligned_fix = 1;	/* fix up unaligned accesses */
int	alpha_unaligned_sigbus = 1;	/* SIGBUS on fixed-up accesses */
#ifndef NO_IEEE
int	alpha_fp_sync_complete = 0;	/* fp fixup if sync even without /s */
#endif
#if NIOASIC > 0
int	alpha_led_blink = 1;
#endif

/* used by hw_sysctl */
extern char *hw_serial;

/*
 * XXX This should be dynamically sized, but we have the chicken-egg problem!
 * XXX it should also be larger than it is, because not all of the mddt
 * XXX clusters end up being used for VM.
 */
phys_ram_seg_t mem_clusters[VM_PHYSSEG_MAX];	/* low size bits overloaded */
int	mem_cluster_cnt;

void
alpha_init(unused, ptb, bim, bip, biv)
	u_long unused;
	u_long ptb;		/* PFN of current level 1 page table */
	u_long bim;		/* bootinfo magic */
	u_long bip;		/* bootinfo pointer */
	u_long biv;		/* bootinfo version */
{
	extern char kernel_text[], _end[];
	struct mddt *mddtp;
	struct mddt_cluster *memc;
	int i, mddtweird;
	struct vm_physseg *vps;
	vaddr_t kernstart, kernend;
	paddr_t kernstartpfn, kernendpfn, pfn0, pfn1;
	char *p;
	const char *bootinfo_msg;
	const struct cpuinit *c;
	extern caddr_t esym;
	struct cpu_info *ci;
	cpuid_t cpu_id;

	/* NO OUTPUT ALLOWED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE */

	/*
	 * Turn off interrupts (not mchecks) and floating point.
	 * Make sure the instruction and data streams are consistent.
	 */
	(void)alpha_pal_swpipl(ALPHA_PSL_IPL_HIGH);
	alpha_pal_wrfen(0);
	ALPHA_TBIA();
	alpha_pal_imb();

	/* Initialize the SCB. */
	scb_init();

	cpu_id = cpu_number();

#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
	/*
	 * Set our SysValue to the address of our cpu_info structure.
	 * Secondary processors do this in their spinup trampoline.
	 */
	alpha_pal_wrval((u_long)&cpu_info_primary);
	cpu_info[cpu_id] = &cpu_info_primary;
#endif

	ci = curcpu();
	ci->ci_cpuid = cpu_id;

	/*
	 * Get critical system information (if possible, from the
	 * information provided by the boot program).
	 */
	bootinfo_msg = NULL;
	if (bim == BOOTINFO_MAGIC) {
		if (biv == 0) {		/* backward compat */
			biv = *(u_long *)bip;
			bip += 8;
		}
		switch (biv) {
		case 1: {
			struct bootinfo_v1 *v1p = (struct bootinfo_v1 *)bip;

			bootinfo.ssym = v1p->ssym;
			bootinfo.esym = v1p->esym;
			/* hwrpb may not be provided by boot block in v1 */
			if (v1p->hwrpb != NULL) {
				bootinfo.hwrpb_phys =
				    ((struct rpb *)v1p->hwrpb)->rpb_phys;
				bootinfo.hwrpb_size = v1p->hwrpbsize;
			} else {
				bootinfo.hwrpb_phys =
				    ((struct rpb *)HWRPB_ADDR)->rpb_phys;
				bootinfo.hwrpb_size =
				    ((struct rpb *)HWRPB_ADDR)->rpb_size;
			}
			bcopy(v1p->boot_flags, bootinfo.boot_flags,
			    min(sizeof v1p->boot_flags,
			      sizeof bootinfo.boot_flags));
			bcopy(v1p->booted_kernel, bootinfo.booted_kernel,
			    min(sizeof v1p->booted_kernel,
			      sizeof bootinfo.booted_kernel));
			/* booted dev not provided in bootinfo */
			init_prom_interface((struct rpb *)
			    ALPHA_PHYS_TO_K0SEG(bootinfo.hwrpb_phys));
                	prom_getenv(PROM_E_BOOTED_DEV, bootinfo.booted_dev,
			    sizeof bootinfo.booted_dev);
			break;
		}
		default:
			bootinfo_msg = "unknown bootinfo version";
			goto nobootinfo;
		}
	} else {
		bootinfo_msg = "boot program did not pass bootinfo";
nobootinfo:
		bootinfo.ssym = (u_long)_end;
		bootinfo.esym = (u_long)_end;
		bootinfo.hwrpb_phys = ((struct rpb *)HWRPB_ADDR)->rpb_phys;
		bootinfo.hwrpb_size = ((struct rpb *)HWRPB_ADDR)->rpb_size;
		init_prom_interface((struct rpb *)HWRPB_ADDR);
		prom_getenv(PROM_E_BOOTED_OSFLAGS, bootinfo.boot_flags,
		    sizeof bootinfo.boot_flags);
		prom_getenv(PROM_E_BOOTED_FILE, bootinfo.booted_kernel,
		    sizeof bootinfo.booted_kernel);
		prom_getenv(PROM_E_BOOTED_DEV, bootinfo.booted_dev,
		    sizeof bootinfo.booted_dev);
	}

	esym = (caddr_t)bootinfo.esym;
	/*
	 * Initialize the kernel's mapping of the RPB.  It's needed for
	 * lots of things.
	 */
	hwrpb = (struct rpb *)ALPHA_PHYS_TO_K0SEG(bootinfo.hwrpb_phys);

#if defined(DEC_3000_300) || defined(DEC_3000_500)
	if (hwrpb->rpb_type == ST_DEC_3000_300 ||
	    hwrpb->rpb_type == ST_DEC_3000_500) {
		prom_getenv(PROM_E_SCSIID, dec_3000_scsiid,
		    sizeof(dec_3000_scsiid));
		prom_getenv(PROM_E_SCSIFAST, dec_3000_scsifast,
		    sizeof(dec_3000_scsifast));
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * Remember how many cycles there are per microsecond,
	 * so that we can use delay().  Round up, for safety.
	 */
	cycles_per_usec = (hwrpb->rpb_cc_freq + 999999) / 1000000;

	/*
	 * Initialize the (temporary) bootstrap console interface, so
	 * we can use printf until the VM system starts being setup.
	 * The real console is initialized before then.
	 */
	init_bootstrap_console();

	/* OUTPUT NOW ALLOWED */

	/* delayed from above */
	if (bootinfo_msg)
		printf("WARNING: %s (0x%lx, 0x%lx, 0x%lx)\n",
		    bootinfo_msg, bim, bip, biv);

	/* Initialize the trap vectors on the primary processor. */
	trap_init();

	/*
	 * Find out what hardware we're on, and do basic initialization.
	 */
	cputype = hwrpb->rpb_type;
	if (cputype < 0) {
		/*
		 * At least some white-box systems have SRM which
		 * reports a systype that's the negative of their
		 * blue-box counterpart.
		 */
		cputype = -cputype;
	}
	c = platform_lookup(cputype);
	if (c == NULL) {
		platform_not_supported();
		/* NOTREACHED */
	}
	(*c->init)();
	strlcpy(cpu_model, platform.model, sizeof cpu_model);

	/*
	 * Initialize the real console, so that the bootstrap console is
	 * no longer necessary.
	 */
	(*platform.cons_init)();

#if 0
	/* Paranoid sanity checking */

	assert(hwrpb->rpb_primary_cpu_id == alpha_pal_whami());

	/*
	 * On single-CPU systypes, the primary should always be CPU 0,
	 * except on Alpha 8200 systems where the CPU id is related
	 * to the VID, which is related to the Turbo Laser node id.
	 */
	if (cputype != ST_DEC_21000)
		assert(hwrpb->rpb_primary_cpu_id == 0);
#endif

	/* NO MORE FIRMWARE ACCESS ALLOWED */
#ifdef _PMAP_MAY_USE_PROM_CONSOLE
	/*
	 * XXX (unless _PMAP_MAY_USE_PROM_CONSOLE is defined and
	 * XXX pmap_uses_prom_console() evaluates to non-zero.)
	 */
#endif

#ifndef SMALL_KERNEL
	/*
	 * If we run on a BWX-capable processor, override cpu_switch
	 * with a faster version.
	 * We do this now because the kernel text might be mapped
	 * read-only eventually (although this is not the case at the moment).
	 */
	if (alpha_implver() >= ALPHA_IMPLVER_EV5) {
		if (~alpha_amask(ALPHA_AMASK_BWX) != 0) {
			extern vaddr_t __bwx_switch0, __bwx_switch1,
			    __bwx_switch2, __bwx_switch3;
			u_int32_t *dst, *src, *end;

			src = (u_int32_t *)&__bwx_switch2;
			end = (u_int32_t *)&__bwx_switch3;
			dst = (u_int32_t *)&__bwx_switch0;
			while (src != end)
				*dst++ = *src++;
			src = (u_int32_t *)&__bwx_switch1;
			end = (u_int32_t *)&__bwx_switch2;
			while (src != end)
				*dst++ = *src++;
		}
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * find out this system's page size
	 */
	if ((uvmexp.pagesize = hwrpb->rpb_page_size) != 8192)
		panic("page size %d != 8192?!", uvmexp.pagesize);

	uvm_setpagesize();

	/*
	 * Find the beginning and end of the kernel (and leave a
	 * bit of space before the beginning for the bootstrap
	 * stack).
	 */
	kernstart = trunc_page((vaddr_t)kernel_text) - 2 * PAGE_SIZE;
	kernend = (vaddr_t)round_page((vaddr_t)bootinfo.esym);

	kernstartpfn = atop(ALPHA_K0SEG_TO_PHYS(kernstart));
	kernendpfn = atop(ALPHA_K0SEG_TO_PHYS(kernend));

	/*
	 * Find out how much memory is available, by looking at
	 * the memory cluster descriptors.  This also tries to do
	 * its best to detect things things that have never been seen
	 * before...
	 */
	mddtp = (struct mddt *)(((caddr_t)hwrpb) + hwrpb->rpb_memdat_off);

	/* MDDT SANITY CHECKING */
	mddtweird = 0;
	if (mddtp->mddt_cluster_cnt < 2) {
		mddtweird = 1;
		printf("WARNING: weird number of mem clusters: %lu\n",
		    (unsigned long)mddtp->mddt_cluster_cnt);
	}

#if 0
	printf("Memory cluster count: %d\n", mddtp->mddt_cluster_cnt);
#endif

	for (i = 0; i < mddtp->mddt_cluster_cnt; i++) {
		memc = &mddtp->mddt_clusters[i];
#if 0
		printf("MEMC %d: pfn 0x%lx cnt 0x%lx usage 0x%lx\n", i,
		    memc->mddt_pfn, memc->mddt_pg_cnt, memc->mddt_usage);
#endif
		totalphysmem += memc->mddt_pg_cnt;
		if (mem_cluster_cnt < VM_PHYSSEG_MAX) {	/* XXX */
			mem_clusters[mem_cluster_cnt].start =
			    ptoa(memc->mddt_pfn);
			mem_clusters[mem_cluster_cnt].size =
			    ptoa(memc->mddt_pg_cnt);
			if (memc->mddt_usage & MDDT_mbz ||
			    memc->mddt_usage & MDDT_NONVOLATILE || /* XXX */
			    memc->mddt_usage & MDDT_PALCODE)
				mem_clusters[mem_cluster_cnt].size |=
				    PROT_READ;
			else
				mem_clusters[mem_cluster_cnt].size |=
				    PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC;
			mem_cluster_cnt++;
		} /* XXX else print something! */

		if (memc->mddt_usage & MDDT_mbz) {
			mddtweird = 1;
			printf("WARNING: mem cluster %d has weird "
			    "usage 0x%lx\n", i, (long)memc->mddt_usage);
			unknownmem += memc->mddt_pg_cnt;
			continue;
		}
		if (memc->mddt_usage & MDDT_NONVOLATILE) {
			/* XXX should handle these... */
			printf("WARNING: skipping non-volatile mem "
			    "cluster %d\n", i);
			unusedmem += memc->mddt_pg_cnt;
			continue;
		}
		if (memc->mddt_usage & MDDT_PALCODE) {
			resvmem += memc->mddt_pg_cnt;
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * We have a memory cluster available for system
		 * software use.  We must determine if this cluster
		 * holds the kernel.
		 */
#ifdef _PMAP_MAY_USE_PROM_CONSOLE
		/*
		 * XXX If the kernel uses the PROM console, we only use the
		 * XXX memory after the kernel in the first system segment,
		 * XXX to avoid clobbering prom mapping, data, etc.
		 */
	    if (!pmap_uses_prom_console() || physmem == 0) {
#endif /* _PMAP_MAY_USE_PROM_CONSOLE */
		physmem += memc->mddt_pg_cnt;
		pfn0 = memc->mddt_pfn;
		pfn1 = memc->mddt_pfn + memc->mddt_pg_cnt;
		if (pfn0 <= kernstartpfn && kernendpfn <= pfn1) {
			/*
			 * Must compute the location of the kernel
			 * within the segment.
			 */
#if 0
			printf("Cluster %d contains kernel\n", i);
#endif
#ifdef _PMAP_MAY_USE_PROM_CONSOLE
		    if (!pmap_uses_prom_console()) {
#endif /* _PMAP_MAY_USE_PROM_CONSOLE */
			if (pfn0 < kernstartpfn) {
				/*
				 * There is a chunk before the kernel.
				 */
#if 0
				printf("Loading chunk before kernel: "
				    "0x%lx / 0x%lx\n", pfn0, kernstartpfn);
#endif
				uvm_page_physload(pfn0, kernstartpfn,
				    pfn0, kernstartpfn, 0);
			}
#ifdef _PMAP_MAY_USE_PROM_CONSOLE
		    }
#endif /* _PMAP_MAY_USE_PROM_CONSOLE */
			if (kernendpfn < pfn1) {
				/*
				 * There is a chunk after the kernel.
				 */
#if 0
				printf("Loading chunk after kernel: "
				    "0x%lx / 0x%lx\n", kernendpfn, pfn1);
#endif
				uvm_page_physload(kernendpfn, pfn1,
				    kernendpfn, pfn1, 0);
			}
		} else {
			/*
			 * Just load this cluster as one chunk.
			 */
#if 0
			printf("Loading cluster %d: 0x%lx / 0x%lx\n", i,
			    pfn0, pfn1);
#endif
			uvm_page_physload(pfn0, pfn1, pfn0, pfn1, 0);
		}
#ifdef _PMAP_MAY_USE_PROM_CONSOLE
	    }
#endif /* _PMAP_MAY_USE_PROM_CONSOLE */
	}

#ifdef DEBUG
	/*
	 * Dump out the MDDT if it looks odd...
	 */
	if (mddtweird) {
		printf("\n");
		printf("complete memory cluster information:\n");
		for (i = 0; i < mddtp->mddt_cluster_cnt; i++) {
			printf("mddt %d:\n", i);
			printf("\tpfn %lx\n",
			    mddtp->mddt_clusters[i].mddt_pfn);
			printf("\tcnt %lx\n",
			    mddtp->mddt_clusters[i].mddt_pg_cnt);
			printf("\ttest %lx\n",
			    mddtp->mddt_clusters[i].mddt_pg_test);
			printf("\tbva %lx\n",
			    mddtp->mddt_clusters[i].mddt_v_bitaddr);
			printf("\tbpa %lx\n",
			    mddtp->mddt_clusters[i].mddt_p_bitaddr);
			printf("\tbcksum %lx\n",
			    mddtp->mddt_clusters[i].mddt_bit_cksum);
			printf("\tusage %lx\n",
			    mddtp->mddt_clusters[i].mddt_usage);
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
#endif

	if (totalphysmem == 0)
		panic("can't happen: system seems to have no memory!");
#if 0
	printf("totalphysmem = %u\n", totalphysmem);
	printf("physmem = %u\n", physmem);
	printf("resvmem = %d\n", resvmem);
	printf("unusedmem = %d\n", unusedmem);
	printf("unknownmem = %d\n", unknownmem);
#endif

	/*
	 * Initialize error message buffer (at end of core).
	 */
	{
		vsize_t sz = (vsize_t)round_page(MSGBUFSIZE);
		vsize_t reqsz = sz;

		vps = &vm_physmem[vm_nphysseg - 1];

		/* shrink so that it'll fit in the last segment */
		if ((vps->avail_end - vps->avail_start) < atop(sz))
			sz = ptoa(vps->avail_end - vps->avail_start);

		vps->end -= atop(sz);
		vps->avail_end -= atop(sz);
		initmsgbuf((caddr_t) ALPHA_PHYS_TO_K0SEG(ptoa(vps->end)), sz);

		/* Remove the last segment if it now has no pages. */
		if (vps->start == vps->end)
			vm_nphysseg--;

		/* warn if the message buffer had to be shrunk */
		if (sz != reqsz)
			printf("WARNING: %ld bytes not available for msgbuf "
			    "in last cluster (%ld used)\n", reqsz, sz);

	}

	/*
	 * Init mapping for u page(s) for proc 0
	 */
	proc0.p_addr = proc0paddr =
	    (struct user *)pmap_steal_memory(UPAGES * PAGE_SIZE, NULL, NULL);

	/*
	 * Initialize the virtual memory system, and set the
	 * page table base register in proc 0's PCB.
	 */
	pmap_bootstrap(ALPHA_PHYS_TO_K0SEG(ptb << PGSHIFT),
	    hwrpb->rpb_max_asn, hwrpb->rpb_pcs_cnt);

	/*
	 * Initialize the rest of proc 0's PCB, and cache its physical
	 * address.
	 */
	proc0.p_md.md_pcbpaddr =
	    (struct pcb *)ALPHA_K0SEG_TO_PHYS((vaddr_t)&proc0paddr->u_pcb);

	/*
	 * Set the kernel sp, reserving space for an (empty) trapframe,
	 * and make proc0's trapframe pointer point to it for sanity.
	 */
	proc0paddr->u_pcb.pcb_hw.apcb_ksp =
	    (u_int64_t)proc0paddr + USPACE - sizeof(struct trapframe);
	proc0.p_md.md_tf =
	    (struct trapframe *)proc0paddr->u_pcb.pcb_hw.apcb_ksp;

	/*
	 * Initialize the primary CPU's idle PCB to proc0's.  In a
	 * MULTIPROCESSOR configuration, each CPU will later get
	 * its own idle PCB when autoconfiguration runs.
	 */
	ci->ci_idle_pcb = &proc0paddr->u_pcb;
	ci->ci_idle_pcb_paddr = (u_long)proc0.p_md.md_pcbpaddr;

	/*
	 * Look at arguments passed to us and compute boothowto.
	 */

#ifdef KADB
	boothowto |= RB_KDB;
#endif
	for (p = bootinfo.boot_flags; p && *p != '\0'; p++) {
		/*
		 * Note that we'd really like to differentiate case here,
		 * but the Alpha AXP Architecture Reference Manual
		 * says that we shouldn't.
		 */
		switch (*p) {
		case 'a': /* Ignore */
		case 'A':
			break;

		case 'b': /* Enter DDB as soon as the console is initialised */
		case 'B':
			boothowto |= RB_KDB;
			break;

		case 'c': /* enter user kernel configuration */
		case 'C':
			boothowto |= RB_CONFIG;
			break;

#ifdef DEBUG
		case 'd': /* crash dump immediately after autoconfig */
		case 'D':
			boothowto |= RB_DUMP;
			break;
#endif

		case 'h': /* always halt, never reboot */
		case 'H':
			boothowto |= RB_HALT;
			break;

		case 'n': /* askname */
		case 'N':
			boothowto |= RB_ASKNAME;
			break;

		case 's': /* single-user */
		case 'S':
			boothowto |= RB_SINGLE;
			break;

		case '-':
			/*
			 * Just ignore this.  It's not required, but it's
			 * common for it to be passed regardless.
			 */
			break;

		default:
			printf("Unrecognized boot flag '%c'.\n", *p);
			break;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Figure out the number of cpus in the box, from RPB fields.
	 * Really.  We mean it.
	 */
	for (ncpusfound = 0, i = 0; i < hwrpb->rpb_pcs_cnt; i++) {
		struct pcs *pcsp;

		pcsp = LOCATE_PCS(hwrpb, i);
		if ((pcsp->pcs_flags & PCS_PP) != 0)
			ncpusfound++;
	}

	/*
	 * Initialize debuggers, and break into them if appropriate.
	 */
#ifdef DDB
	db_machine_init();
	ddb_init();

	if (boothowto & RB_KDB)
		Debugger();
#endif
#ifdef KGDB
	if (boothowto & RB_KDB)
		kgdb_connect(0);
#endif
	/*
	 * Figure out our clock frequency, from RPB fields.
	 */
	hz = hwrpb->rpb_intr_freq >> 12;
	if (!(60 <= hz && hz <= 10240)) {
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		printf("WARNING: unbelievable rpb_intr_freq: %lu (%d hz)\n",
			(unsigned long)hwrpb->rpb_intr_freq, hz);
#endif
		hz = 1024;
	}
}

void
consinit()
{

	/*
	 * Everything related to console initialization is done
	 * in alpha_init().
	 */
#if defined(DIAGNOSTIC) && defined(_PMAP_MAY_USE_PROM_CONSOLE)
	printf("consinit: %susing prom console\n",
	    pmap_uses_prom_console() ? "" : "not ");
#endif
}

void
cpu_startup()
{
	vaddr_t minaddr, maxaddr;
#if defined(DEBUG)
	extern int pmapdebug;
	int opmapdebug = pmapdebug;

	pmapdebug = 0;
#endif

	/*
	 * Good {morning,afternoon,evening,night}.
	 */
	printf(version);
	identifycpu();
	printf("real mem = %lu (%luMB)\n", ptoa((psize_t)totalphysmem),
	    ptoa((psize_t)totalphysmem) / 1024 / 1024);
	printf("rsvd mem = %lu (%luMB)\n", ptoa((psize_t)resvmem),
	    ptoa((psize_t)resvmem) / 1024 / 1024);
	if (unusedmem) {
		printf("WARNING: unused memory = %lu (%luMB)\n",
		    ptoa((psize_t)unusedmem),
		    ptoa((psize_t)unusedmem) / 1024 / 1024);
	}
	if (unknownmem) {
		printf("WARNING: %lu (%luMB) of memory with unknown purpose\n",
		    ptoa((psize_t)unknownmem),
		    ptoa((psize_t)unknownmem) / 1024 / 1024);
	}

	/*
	 * Allocate a submap for exec arguments.  This map effectively
	 * limits the number of processes exec'ing at any time.
	 */
	minaddr = vm_map_min(kernel_map);
	exec_map = uvm_km_suballoc(kernel_map, &minaddr, &maxaddr,
	    16 * NCARGS, VM_MAP_PAGEABLE, FALSE, NULL);

	/*
	 * Allocate a submap for physio
	 */
	phys_map = uvm_km_suballoc(kernel_map, &minaddr, &maxaddr,
	    VM_PHYS_SIZE, 0, FALSE, NULL);

#if defined(DEBUG)
	pmapdebug = opmapdebug;
#endif
	printf("avail mem = %lu (%luMB)\n", ptoa((psize_t)uvmexp.free),
	    ptoa((psize_t)uvmexp.free) / 1024 / 1024);
#if 0
	{
		extern u_long pmap_pages_stolen;

		printf("stolen memory for VM structures = %d\n", pmap_pages_stolen * PAGE_SIZE);
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * Set up buffers, so they can be used to read disk labels.
	 */
	bufinit();

	/*
	 * Configure the system.
	 */
	if (boothowto & RB_CONFIG) {
#ifdef BOOT_CONFIG
		user_config();
#else
		printf("kernel does not support -c; continuing..\n");
#endif
	}

	/*
	 * Set up the HWPCB so that it's safe to configure secondary
	 * CPUs.
	 */
	hwrpb_primary_init();
}

/*
 * Retrieve the platform name from the DSR.
 */
const char *
alpha_dsr_sysname()
{
	struct dsrdb *dsr;
	const char *sysname;

	/*
	 * DSR does not exist on early HWRPB versions.
	 */
	if (hwrpb->rpb_version < HWRPB_DSRDB_MINVERS)
		return (NULL);

	dsr = (struct dsrdb *)(((caddr_t)hwrpb) + hwrpb->rpb_dsrdb_off);
	sysname = (const char *)((caddr_t)dsr + (dsr->dsr_sysname_off +
	    sizeof(u_int64_t)));
	return (sysname);
}

/*
 * Lookup the system specified system variation in the provided table,
 * returning the model string on match.
 */
const char *
alpha_variation_name(variation, avtp)
	u_int64_t variation;
	const struct alpha_variation_table *avtp;
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; avtp[i].avt_model != NULL; i++)
		if (avtp[i].avt_variation == variation)
			return (avtp[i].avt_model);
	return (NULL);
}

/*
 * Generate a default platform name based for unknown system variations.
 */
const char *
alpha_unknown_sysname()
{
	static char s[128];		/* safe size */

	snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%s family, unknown model variation 0x%lx",
	    platform.family, (unsigned long)hwrpb->rpb_variation & SV_ST_MASK);
	return ((const char *)s);
}

void
identifycpu()
{
	char *s;
	int slen;

	/*
	 * print out CPU identification information.
	 */
	printf("%s", cpu_model);
	for(s = cpu_model; *s; ++s)
		if(strncasecmp(s, "MHz", 3) == 0)
			goto skipMHz;
	printf(", %luMHz", (unsigned long)hwrpb->rpb_cc_freq / 1000000);
skipMHz:
	/* fill in hw_serial if a serial number is known */
	slen = strlen(hwrpb->rpb_ssn) + 1;
	if (slen > 1) {
		hw_serial = malloc(slen, M_SYSCTL, M_NOWAIT);
		if (hw_serial)
			strlcpy(hw_serial, (char *)hwrpb->rpb_ssn, slen);
	}

	printf("\n");
	printf("%lu byte page size, %d processor%s.\n",
	    (unsigned long)hwrpb->rpb_page_size, ncpusfound,
	    ncpusfound == 1 ? "" : "s");
#if 0
	/* this is not particularly useful! */
	printf("variation: 0x%lx, revision 0x%lx\n",
	    hwrpb->rpb_variation, *(long *)hwrpb->rpb_revision);
#endif
}

int	waittime = -1;
struct pcb dumppcb;

__dead void
boot(int howto)
{
#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
	u_long wait_mask;
	int i;
#endif

	if (cold) {
		if ((howto & RB_USERREQ) == 0)
			howto |= RB_HALT;
		goto haltsys;
	}

	if ((boothowto & RB_HALT) != 0)
		howto |= RB_HALT;

	boothowto = howto;
	if ((howto & RB_NOSYNC) == 0 && waittime < 0) {
		waittime = 0;
		vfs_shutdown();

		if ((howto & RB_TIMEBAD) == 0) {
			resettodr();
		} else {
			printf("WARNING: not updating battery clock\n");
		}
	}
	if_downall();

	uvm_shutdown();
	splhigh();
	cold = 1;

#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
	/*
	 * Halt all other CPUs.
	 */
	wait_mask = (1UL << hwrpb->rpb_primary_cpu_id);
	alpha_broadcast_ipi(ALPHA_IPI_HALT);

	/* Ensure any CPUs paused by DDB resume execution so they can halt */
	cpus_paused = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
		alpha_mb();
		if (cpus_running == wait_mask)
			break;
		delay(1000);
	}
	alpha_mb();
	if (cpus_running != wait_mask)
		printf("WARNING: Unable to halt secondary CPUs (0x%lx)\n",
		    cpus_running);
#endif

	if ((howto & RB_DUMP) != 0)
		dumpsys();

haltsys:
	config_suspend_all(DVACT_POWERDOWN);

#ifdef BOOTKEY
	printf("hit any key to %s...\n",
	    (howto & RB_HALT) != 0 ? "halt" : "reboot");
	cnpollc(1);	/* for proper keyboard command handling */
	cngetc();
	cnpollc(0);
	printf("\n");
#endif

	/* Finally, powerdown/halt/reboot the system. */
	if ((howto & RB_POWERDOWN) != 0 &&
	    platform.powerdown != NULL) {
		(*platform.powerdown)();
		printf("WARNING: powerdown failed!\n");
	}
	printf("%s\n\n",
	    (howto & RB_HALT) != 0 ? "halted." : "rebooting...");
	prom_halt((howto & RB_HALT) != 0);
	for (;;) ;
	/* NOTREACHED */
}

/*
 * These variables are needed by /sbin/savecore
 */
u_long	dumpmag = 0x8fca0101;	/* magic number */
int 	dumpsize = 0;		/* pages */
long	dumplo = 0; 		/* blocks */

/*
 * cpu_dumpsize: calculate size of machine-dependent kernel core dump headers.
 */
int
cpu_dumpsize()
{
	int size;

	size = ALIGN(sizeof(kcore_seg_t)) + ALIGN(sizeof(cpu_kcore_hdr_t)) +
	    ALIGN(mem_cluster_cnt * sizeof(phys_ram_seg_t));
	if (roundup(size, dbtob(1)) != dbtob(1))
		return -1;

	return (1);
}

/*
 * cpu_dump_mempagecnt: calculate size of RAM (in pages) to be dumped.
 */
u_long
cpu_dump_mempagecnt()
{
	u_long i, n;

	n = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < mem_cluster_cnt; i++)
		n += atop(mem_clusters[i].size);
	return (n);
}

/*
 * cpu_dump: dump machine-dependent kernel core dump headers.
 */
int
cpu_dump()
{
	int (*dump)(dev_t, daddr_t, caddr_t, size_t);
	char buf[dbtob(1)];
	kcore_seg_t *segp;
	cpu_kcore_hdr_t *cpuhdrp;
	phys_ram_seg_t *memsegp;
	int i;

	dump = bdevsw[major(dumpdev)].d_dump;

	bzero(buf, sizeof buf);
	segp = (kcore_seg_t *)buf;
	cpuhdrp = (cpu_kcore_hdr_t *)&buf[ALIGN(sizeof(*segp))];
	memsegp = (phys_ram_seg_t *)&buf[ALIGN(sizeof(*segp)) +
	    ALIGN(sizeof(*cpuhdrp))];

	/*
	 * Generate a segment header.
	 */
	CORE_SETMAGIC(*segp, KCORE_MAGIC, MID_MACHINE, CORE_CPU);
	segp->c_size = dbtob(1) - ALIGN(sizeof(*segp));

	/*
	 * Add the machine-dependent header info.
	 */
	cpuhdrp->lev1map_pa = ALPHA_K0SEG_TO_PHYS((vaddr_t)kernel_lev1map);
	cpuhdrp->page_size = PAGE_SIZE;
	cpuhdrp->nmemsegs = mem_cluster_cnt;

	/*
	 * Fill in the memory segment descriptors.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < mem_cluster_cnt; i++) {
		memsegp[i].start = mem_clusters[i].start;
		memsegp[i].size = mem_clusters[i].size & ~PAGE_MASK;
	}

	return (dump(dumpdev, dumplo, (caddr_t)buf, dbtob(1)));
}

/*
 * This is called by main to set dumplo and dumpsize.
 * Dumps always skip the first PAGE_SIZE of disk space
 * in case there might be a disk label stored there.
 * If there is extra space, put dump at the end to
 * reduce the chance that swapping trashes it.
 */
void
dumpconf(void)
{
	int nblks, dumpblks;	/* size of dump area */

	if (dumpdev == NODEV ||
	    (nblks = (bdevsw[major(dumpdev)].d_psize)(dumpdev)) == 0)
		return;
	if (nblks <= ctod(1))
		return;

	dumpblks = cpu_dumpsize();
	if (dumpblks < 0)
		return;
	dumpblks += ctod(cpu_dump_mempagecnt());

	/* If dump won't fit (incl. room for possible label), punt. */
	if (dumpblks > (nblks - ctod(1)))
		return;

	/* Put dump at end of partition */
	dumplo = nblks - dumpblks;

	/* dumpsize is in page units, and doesn't include headers. */
	dumpsize = cpu_dump_mempagecnt();
}

/*
 * Dump the kernel's image to the swap partition.
 */
#define	BYTES_PER_DUMP	PAGE_SIZE

void
dumpsys()
{
	u_long totalbytesleft, bytes, i, n, memcl;
	u_long maddr;
	int psize;
	daddr_t blkno;
	int (*dump)(dev_t, daddr_t, caddr_t, size_t);
	int error;
	extern int msgbufmapped;

	/* Save registers. */
	savectx(&dumppcb);

	msgbufmapped = 0;	/* don't record dump msgs in msgbuf */
	if (dumpdev == NODEV)
		return;

	/*
	 * For dumps during autoconfiguration,
	 * if dump device has already configured...
	 */
	if (dumpsize == 0)
		dumpconf();
	if (dumplo <= 0) {
		printf("\ndump to dev %u,%u not possible\n", major(dumpdev),
		    minor(dumpdev));
		return;
	}
	printf("\ndumping to dev %u,%u offset %ld\n", major(dumpdev),
	    minor(dumpdev), dumplo);

#ifdef UVM_SWAP_ENCRYPT
	uvm_swap_finicrypt_all();
#endif

	psize = (*bdevsw[major(dumpdev)].d_psize)(dumpdev);
	printf("dump ");
	if (psize == -1) {
		printf("area unavailable\n");
		return;
	}

	/* XXX should purge all outstanding keystrokes. */

	if ((error = cpu_dump()) != 0)
		goto err;

	totalbytesleft = ptoa(cpu_dump_mempagecnt());
	blkno = dumplo + cpu_dumpsize();
	dump = bdevsw[major(dumpdev)].d_dump;
	error = 0;

	for (memcl = 0; memcl < mem_cluster_cnt; memcl++) {
		maddr = mem_clusters[memcl].start;
		bytes = mem_clusters[memcl].size & ~PAGE_MASK;

		for (i = 0; i < bytes; i += n, totalbytesleft -= n) {

			/* Print out how many MBs we to go. */
			if ((totalbytesleft % (1024*1024)) == 0)
				printf("%ld ", totalbytesleft / (1024 * 1024));

			/* Limit size for next transfer. */
			n = bytes - i;
			if (n > BYTES_PER_DUMP)
				n =  BYTES_PER_DUMP;

			error = (*dump)(dumpdev, blkno,
			    (caddr_t)ALPHA_PHYS_TO_K0SEG(maddr), n);
			if (error)
				goto err;
			maddr += n;
			blkno += btodb(n);			/* XXX? */

			/* XXX should look for keystrokes, to cancel. */
		}
	}

err:
	switch (error) {
#ifdef DEBUG
	case ENXIO:
		printf("device bad\n");
		break;

	case EFAULT:
		printf("device not ready\n");
		break;

	case EINVAL:
		printf("area improper\n");
		break;

	case EIO:
		printf("i/o error\n");
		break;

	case EINTR:
		printf("aborted from console\n");
		break;
#endif /* DEBUG */
	case 0:
		printf("succeeded\n");
		break;

	default:
		printf("error %d\n", error);
		break;
	}
	printf("\n\n");
	delay(1000);
}

void
frametoreg(framep, regp)
	struct trapframe *framep;
	struct reg *regp;
{

	regp->r_regs[R_V0] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_V0];
	regp->r_regs[R_T0] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T0];
	regp->r_regs[R_T1] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T1];
	regp->r_regs[R_T2] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T2];
	regp->r_regs[R_T3] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T3];
	regp->r_regs[R_T4] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T4];
	regp->r_regs[R_T5] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T5];
	regp->r_regs[R_T6] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T6];
	regp->r_regs[R_T7] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T7];
	regp->r_regs[R_S0] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S0];
	regp->r_regs[R_S1] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S1];
	regp->r_regs[R_S2] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S2];
	regp->r_regs[R_S3] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S3];
	regp->r_regs[R_S4] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S4];
	regp->r_regs[R_S5] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S5];
	regp->r_regs[R_S6] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S6];
	regp->r_regs[R_A0] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A0];
	regp->r_regs[R_A1] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A1];
	regp->r_regs[R_A2] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A2];
	regp->r_regs[R_A3] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A3];
	regp->r_regs[R_A4] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A4];
	regp->r_regs[R_A5] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A5];
	regp->r_regs[R_T8] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T8];
	regp->r_regs[R_T9] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T9];
	regp->r_regs[R_T10] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T10];
	regp->r_regs[R_T11] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T11];
	regp->r_regs[R_RA] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_RA];
	regp->r_regs[R_T12] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T12];
	regp->r_regs[R_AT] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_AT];
	regp->r_regs[R_GP] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_GP];
	/* regp->r_regs[R_SP] = framep->tf_regs[FRAME_SP]; XXX */
	regp->r_regs[R_ZERO] = 0;
}

void
regtoframe(regp, framep)
	struct reg *regp;
	struct trapframe *framep;
{

	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_V0] = regp->r_regs[R_V0];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T0] = regp->r_regs[R_T0];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T1] = regp->r_regs[R_T1];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T2] = regp->r_regs[R_T2];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T3] = regp->r_regs[R_T3];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T4] = regp->r_regs[R_T4];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T5] = regp->r_regs[R_T5];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T6] = regp->r_regs[R_T6];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T7] = regp->r_regs[R_T7];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S0] = regp->r_regs[R_S0];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S1] = regp->r_regs[R_S1];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S2] = regp->r_regs[R_S2];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S3] = regp->r_regs[R_S3];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S4] = regp->r_regs[R_S4];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S5] = regp->r_regs[R_S5];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_S6] = regp->r_regs[R_S6];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A0] = regp->r_regs[R_A0];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A1] = regp->r_regs[R_A1];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A2] = regp->r_regs[R_A2];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A3] = regp->r_regs[R_A3];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A4] = regp->r_regs[R_A4];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_A5] = regp->r_regs[R_A5];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T8] = regp->r_regs[R_T8];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T9] = regp->r_regs[R_T9];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T10] = regp->r_regs[R_T10];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T11] = regp->r_regs[R_T11];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_RA] = regp->r_regs[R_RA];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_T12] = regp->r_regs[R_T12];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_AT] = regp->r_regs[R_AT];
	framep->tf_regs[FRAME_GP] = regp->r_regs[R_GP];
	/* framep->tf_regs[FRAME_SP] = regp->r_regs[R_SP]; XXX */
	/* ??? = regp->r_regs[R_ZERO]; */
}

void
printregs(regp)
	struct reg *regp;
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)
		printf("R%d:\t0x%016lx%s", i, regp->r_regs[i],
		   i & 1 ? "\n" : "\t");
}

void
regdump(framep)
	struct trapframe *framep;
{
	struct reg reg;

	frametoreg(framep, &reg);
	reg.r_regs[R_SP] = alpha_pal_rdusp();

	printf("REGISTERS:\n");
	printregs(&reg);
}

#ifdef DEBUG
int sigdebug = 0;
pid_t sigpid = 0;
#define	SDB_FOLLOW	0x01
#define	SDB_KSTACK	0x02
#endif

/*
 * Send an interrupt to process.
 */
void
sendsig(catcher, sig, mask, code, type, val)
	sig_t catcher;
	int sig, mask;
	u_long code;
	int type;
	union sigval val;
{
	struct proc *p = curproc;
	struct sigcontext *scp, ksc;
	struct fpreg *fpregs = (struct fpreg *)&ksc.sc_fpregs;
	struct trapframe *frame;
	struct sigacts *psp = p->p_p->ps_sigacts;
	unsigned long oldsp;
	int fsize, rndfsize, kscsize;
	siginfo_t *sip, ksi;

	oldsp = alpha_pal_rdusp();
	frame = p->p_md.md_tf;
	fsize = sizeof ksc;
	rndfsize = ((fsize + 15) / 16) * 16;
	kscsize = rndfsize;
	if (psp->ps_siginfo & sigmask(sig)) {
		fsize += sizeof ksi;
		rndfsize = ((fsize + 15) / 16) * 16;
	}

	/*
	 * Allocate space for the signal handler context.
	 */
	if ((p->p_sigstk.ss_flags & SS_DISABLE) == 0 &&
	    !sigonstack(oldsp) && (psp->ps_sigonstack & sigmask(sig)))
		scp = (struct sigcontext *)(p->p_sigstk.ss_sp +
		    p->p_sigstk.ss_size - rndfsize);
	else
		scp = (struct sigcontext *)(oldsp - rndfsize);
#ifdef DEBUG
	if ((sigdebug & SDB_KSTACK) && p->p_pid == sigpid)
		printf("sendsig(%d): sig %d ssp %p usp %p\n", p->p_pid,
		    sig, &ksc, scp);
#endif

	/*
	 * Build the signal context to be used by sigreturn.
	 */
	bzero(&ksc, sizeof(ksc));
	ksc.sc_mask = mask;
	ksc.sc_pc = frame->tf_regs[FRAME_PC];
	ksc.sc_ps = frame->tf_regs[FRAME_PS];

	/* copy the registers. */
	frametoreg(frame, (struct reg *)ksc.sc_regs);
	ksc.sc_regs[R_ZERO] = 0xACEDBADE;		/* magic number */
	ksc.sc_regs[R_SP] = oldsp;

	/* save the floating-point state, if necessary, then copy it. */
	if (p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fpcpu != NULL)
		fpusave_proc(p, 1);
	ksc.sc_ownedfp = p->p_md.md_flags & MDP_FPUSED;
	memcpy(/*ksc.sc_*/fpregs, &p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fp,
	    sizeof(struct fpreg));
#ifndef NO_IEEE
	ksc.sc_fp_control = alpha_read_fp_c(p);
#else
	ksc.sc_fp_control = 0;
#endif
	memset(ksc.sc_reserved, 0, sizeof ksc.sc_reserved);	/* XXX */
	memset(ksc.sc_xxx, 0, sizeof ksc.sc_xxx);		/* XXX */

	if (psp->ps_siginfo & sigmask(sig)) {
		initsiginfo(&ksi, sig, code, type, val);
		sip = (void *)scp + kscsize;
		if (copyout((caddr_t)&ksi, (caddr_t)sip, fsize - kscsize) != 0)
			goto trash;
	} else
		sip = NULL;

	/*
	 * copy the frame out to userland.
	 */
	if (copyout((caddr_t)&ksc, (caddr_t)scp, kscsize) != 0) {
trash:
#ifdef DEBUG
		if ((sigdebug & SDB_KSTACK) && p->p_pid == sigpid)
			printf("sendsig(%d): copyout failed on sig %d\n",
			    p->p_pid, sig);
#endif
		/*
		 * Process has trashed its stack; give it an illegal
		 * instruction to halt it in its tracks.
		 */
		sigexit(p, SIGILL);
		/* NOTREACHED */
	}
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (sigdebug & SDB_FOLLOW)
		printf("sendsig(%d): sig %d scp %p code %lx\n", p->p_pid, sig,
		    scp, code);
#endif

	/*
	 * Set up the registers to return to sigcode.
	 */
	frame->tf_regs[FRAME_PC] = p->p_p->ps_sigcode;
	frame->tf_regs[FRAME_A0] = sig;
	frame->tf_regs[FRAME_A1] = (u_int64_t)sip;
	frame->tf_regs[FRAME_A2] = (u_int64_t)scp;
	frame->tf_regs[FRAME_T12] = (u_int64_t)catcher;		/* t12 is pv */
	alpha_pal_wrusp((unsigned long)scp);

#ifdef DEBUG
	if (sigdebug & SDB_FOLLOW)
		printf("sendsig(%d): pc %lx, catcher %lx\n", p->p_pid,
		    frame->tf_regs[FRAME_PC], frame->tf_regs[FRAME_A3]);
	if ((sigdebug & SDB_KSTACK) && p->p_pid == sigpid)
		printf("sendsig(%d): sig %d returns\n",
		    p->p_pid, sig);
#endif
}

/*
 * System call to cleanup state after a signal
 * has been taken.  Reset signal mask and
 * stack state from context left by sendsig (above).
 * Return to previous pc and psl as specified by
 * context left by sendsig. Check carefully to
 * make sure that the user has not modified the
 * psl to gain improper privileges or to cause
 * a machine fault.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
int
sys_sigreturn(p, v, retval)
	struct proc *p;
	void *v;
	register_t *retval;
{
	struct sys_sigreturn_args /* {
		syscallarg(struct sigcontext *) sigcntxp;
	} */ *uap = v;
	struct sigcontext ksc;
	struct fpreg *fpregs = (struct fpreg *)&ksc.sc_fpregs;
#ifdef DEBUG
	struct sigcontext *scp;
#endif
	int error;

#ifdef DEBUG
	if (sigdebug & SDB_FOLLOW)
	    printf("sigreturn: pid %d, scp %p\n", p->p_pid, scp);
#endif

	/*
	 * Test and fetch the context structure.
	 * We grab it all at once for speed.
	 */
	if ((error = copyin(SCARG(uap, sigcntxp), &ksc, sizeof(ksc))) != 0)
		return (error);

	if (ksc.sc_regs[R_ZERO] != 0xACEDBADE)		/* magic number */
		return (EINVAL);
	/*
	 * Restore the user-supplied information
	 */
	p->p_sigmask = ksc.sc_mask &~ sigcantmask;

	p->p_md.md_tf->tf_regs[FRAME_PC] = ksc.sc_pc;
	p->p_md.md_tf->tf_regs[FRAME_PS] =
	    (ksc.sc_ps | ALPHA_PSL_USERSET) & ~ALPHA_PSL_USERCLR;

	regtoframe((struct reg *)ksc.sc_regs, p->p_md.md_tf);
	alpha_pal_wrusp(ksc.sc_regs[R_SP]);

	/* XXX ksc.sc_ownedfp ? */
	if (p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fpcpu != NULL)
		fpusave_proc(p, 0);
	memcpy(&p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fp, /*ksc.sc_*/fpregs,
	    sizeof(struct fpreg));
#ifndef NO_IEEE
	p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fp.fpr_cr = ksc.sc_fpcr;
	p->p_md.md_flags = ksc.sc_fp_control & MDP_FP_C;
#endif

#ifdef DEBUG
	if (sigdebug & SDB_FOLLOW)
		printf("sigreturn(%d): returns\n", p->p_pid);
#endif
	return (EJUSTRETURN);
}

/*
 * machine dependent system variables.
 */
int
cpu_sysctl(name, namelen, oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen, p)
	int *name;
	u_int namelen;
	void *oldp;
	size_t *oldlenp;
	void *newp;
	size_t newlen;
	struct proc *p;
{
	dev_t consdev;
#if NIOASIC > 0
	int oldval, ret;
#endif

	if (name[0] != CPU_CHIPSET && namelen != 1)
		return (ENOTDIR);		/* overloaded */

	switch (name[0]) {
	case CPU_CONSDEV:
		if (cn_tab != NULL)
			consdev = cn_tab->cn_dev;
		else
			consdev = NODEV;
		return (sysctl_rdstruct(oldp, oldlenp, newp, &consdev,
			sizeof consdev));

#ifndef SMALL_KERNEL
	case CPU_UNALIGNED_PRINT:
		return (sysctl_int(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen,
		    &alpha_unaligned_print));

	case CPU_UNALIGNED_FIX:
		return (sysctl_int(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen,
		    &alpha_unaligned_fix));

	case CPU_UNALIGNED_SIGBUS:
		return (sysctl_int(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen,
		    &alpha_unaligned_sigbus));

	case CPU_BOOTED_KERNEL:
		return (sysctl_rdstring(oldp, oldlenp, newp,
		    bootinfo.booted_kernel));

	case CPU_CHIPSET:
		return (alpha_sysctl_chipset(name + 1, namelen - 1, oldp,
		    oldlenp));
#endif /* SMALL_KERNEL */

#ifndef NO_IEEE
	case CPU_FP_SYNC_COMPLETE:
		return (sysctl_int(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen,
		    &alpha_fp_sync_complete));
#endif
	case CPU_ALLOWAPERTURE:
#ifdef APERTURE
		if (securelevel > 0)
			return (sysctl_int_lower(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen,
			    &allowaperture));
                else
                        return (sysctl_int(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen,
                            &allowaperture));
#else
		return (sysctl_rdint(oldp, oldlenp, newp, 0));
#endif
#if NIOASIC > 0
	case CPU_LED_BLINK:
		oldval = alpha_led_blink;
		ret = sysctl_int(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen, &alpha_led_blink);
		if (oldval != alpha_led_blink)
			ioasic_led_blink(NULL);
		return (ret);
#endif
	default:
		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
	}
	/* NOTREACHED */
}

/*
 * Set registers on exec.
 */
void
setregs(p, pack, stack, retval)
	register struct proc *p;
	struct exec_package *pack;
	u_long stack;
	register_t *retval;
{
	struct trapframe *tfp = p->p_md.md_tf;
#ifdef DEBUG
	int i;
#endif

#ifdef DEBUG
	/*
	 * Crash and dump, if the user requested it.
	 */
	if (boothowto & RB_DUMP)
		panic("crash requested by boot flags");
#endif

#ifdef DEBUG
	for (i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE; i++)
		tfp->tf_regs[i] = 0xbabefacedeadbeef;
	tfp->tf_regs[FRAME_A1] = 0;
#else
	bzero(tfp->tf_regs, FRAME_SIZE * sizeof tfp->tf_regs[0]);
#endif
	bzero(&p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fp, sizeof p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fp);
	alpha_pal_wrusp(stack);
	tfp->tf_regs[FRAME_PS] = ALPHA_PSL_USERSET;
	tfp->tf_regs[FRAME_PC] = pack->ep_entry & ~3;

	tfp->tf_regs[FRAME_A0] = stack;
	/* a1 and a2 already zeroed */
	tfp->tf_regs[FRAME_T12] = tfp->tf_regs[FRAME_PC];	/* a.k.a. PV */

	p->p_md.md_flags &= ~MDP_FPUSED;
#ifndef NO_IEEE
	if (__predict_true((p->p_md.md_flags & IEEE_INHERIT) == 0)) {
		p->p_md.md_flags &= ~MDP_FP_C;
		p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fp.fpr_cr = FPCR_DYN(FP_RN);
	}
#endif
	if (p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fpcpu != NULL)
		fpusave_proc(p, 0);

	retval[1] = 0;
}

/*
 * Release the FPU.
 */
void
fpusave_cpu(struct cpu_info *ci, int save)
{
	struct proc *p;
#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
	int s;
#endif

	KDASSERT(ci == curcpu());

#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
	/* Need to block IPIs */
	s = splipi();
	atomic_setbits_ulong(&ci->ci_flags, CPUF_FPUSAVE);
#endif

	p = ci->ci_fpcurproc;
	if (p == NULL)
		goto out;

	if (save) {
		alpha_pal_wrfen(1);
		savefpstate(&p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fp);
	}

	alpha_pal_wrfen(0);

	p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fpcpu = NULL;
	ci->ci_fpcurproc = NULL;

out:
#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
	atomic_clearbits_ulong(&ci->ci_flags, CPUF_FPUSAVE);
	alpha_pal_swpipl(s);
#endif
	return;
}

/*
 * Synchronize FP state for this process.
 */
void
fpusave_proc(struct proc *p, int save)
{
	struct cpu_info *ci = curcpu();
	struct cpu_info *oci;
#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
	u_long ipi = save ? ALPHA_IPI_SYNCH_FPU : ALPHA_IPI_DISCARD_FPU;
	int s;
#endif

	KDASSERT(p->p_addr != NULL);

	for (;;) {
#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
		/* Need to block IPIs */
		s = splipi();
#endif

		oci = p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fpcpu;
		if (oci == NULL) {
#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
			alpha_pal_swpipl(s);
#endif
			return;
		}

#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
		if (oci == ci) {
			KASSERT(ci->ci_fpcurproc == p);
			alpha_pal_swpipl(s);
			fpusave_cpu(ci, save);
			return;
		}

		/*
		 * The other cpu may still be running and could have
		 * discarded the fpu context on its own.
		 */
		if (oci->ci_fpcurproc != p) {
			alpha_pal_swpipl(s);
			continue;
		}

		alpha_send_ipi(oci->ci_cpuid, ipi);
		alpha_pal_swpipl(s);

		while (p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_fpcpu != NULL)
			SPINLOCK_SPIN_HOOK;
#else
		KASSERT(ci->ci_fpcurproc == p);
		fpusave_cpu(ci, save);
#endif /* MULTIPROCESSOR */

		break;
	}
}

int
spl0()
{

	if (ssir) {
		(void) alpha_pal_swpipl(ALPHA_PSL_IPL_SOFT);
		softintr_dispatch();
	}

	return (alpha_pal_swpipl(ALPHA_PSL_IPL_0));
}

/*
 * Wait "n" microseconds.
 */
void
delay(n)
	unsigned long n;
{
	unsigned long pcc0, pcc1, curcycle, cycles, usec;

	if (n == 0)
		return;

	pcc0 = alpha_rpcc() & 0xffffffffUL;
	cycles = 0;
	usec = 0;

	while (usec <= n) {
		/*
		 * Get the next CPU cycle count - assumes that we can not
		 * have had more than one 32 bit overflow.
		 */
		pcc1 = alpha_rpcc() & 0xffffffffUL;
		if (pcc1 < pcc0)
			curcycle = (pcc1 + 0x100000000UL) - pcc0;
		else
			curcycle = pcc1 - pcc0;

		/*
		 * We now have the number of processor cycles since we
		 * last checked. Add the current cycle count to the
		 * running total. If it's over cycles_per_usec, increment
		 * the usec counter.
		 */
		cycles += curcycle;
		while (cycles >= cycles_per_usec) {
			usec++;
			cycles -= cycles_per_usec;
		}
		pcc0 = pcc1;
	}
}

int
alpha_pa_access(pa)
	u_long pa;
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < mem_cluster_cnt; i++) {
		if (pa < mem_clusters[i].start)
			continue;
		if ((pa - mem_clusters[i].start) >=
		    (mem_clusters[i].size & ~PAGE_MASK))
			continue;
		return (mem_clusters[i].size & PAGE_MASK);	/* prot */
	}

	/*
	 * Address is not a memory address.  If we're secure, disallow
	 * access.  Otherwise, grant read/write.
	 */
	if (securelevel > 0)
		return (PROT_NONE);
	else
		return (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
}

/* XXX XXX BEGIN XXX XXX */
paddr_t alpha_XXX_dmamap_or;					/* XXX */
								/* XXX */
paddr_t								/* XXX */
alpha_XXX_dmamap(v)						/* XXX */
	vaddr_t v;						/* XXX */
{								/* XXX */
								/* XXX */
	return (vtophys(v) | alpha_XXX_dmamap_or);		/* XXX */
}								/* XXX */
/* XXX XXX END XXX XXX */


code:
/* $OpenBSD: mainbus.c,v 1.14 2013/12/22 18:52:34 miod Exp $ */
/* $NetBSD: mainbus.c,v 1.27 1998/06/24 01:10:35 ross Exp $ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996 Carnegie-Mellon University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Author: Chris G. Demetriou
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
 * rights to redistribute these changes.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/device.h>
#include <sys/reboot.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>

#include <machine/autoconf.h>
#include <machine/rpb.h>
#include <machine/cpuconf.h>

/* Definition of the mainbus driver. */
static int	mbmatch(struct device *, void *, void *);
static void	mbattach(struct device *, struct device *, void *);
static int	mbprint(void *, const char *);

struct cfattach mainbus_ca = {
	sizeof(struct device), mbmatch, mbattach
};

struct cfdriver mainbus_cd = {
	NULL, "mainbus", DV_DULL
};

/* There can be only one. */
int	mainbus_found;

static int
mbmatch(parent, cf, aux)
	struct device *parent;
	void *cf;
	void *aux;
{

	if (mainbus_found)
		return (0);

	return (1);
}

static void
mbattach(parent, self, aux)
	struct device *parent;
	struct device *self;
	void *aux;
{
	struct mainbus_attach_args ma;
	struct pcs *pcsp;
	int i;

	mainbus_found = 1;

	printf("\n");

	/*
	 * Try to find and attach all of the CPUs in the machine.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < hwrpb->rpb_pcs_cnt; i++) {
		pcsp = LOCATE_PCS(hwrpb, i);
		if ((pcsp->pcs_flags & PCS_PP) == 0)
			continue;

		ma.ma_name = "cpu";
		ma.ma_slot = i;
		config_found(self, &ma, mbprint);
	}

	if (platform.iobus != NULL) {
		ma.ma_name = platform.iobus;
		ma.ma_slot = 0;			/* meaningless */
		config_found(self, &ma, mbprint);
	}
}

static int
mbprint(aux, pnp)
	void *aux;
	const char *pnp;
{
	struct mainbus_attach_args *ma = aux;

	if (pnp)
		printf("%s at %s", ma->ma_name, pnp);

	return (UNCONF);
}

license: unknown


code:
/*	$OpenBSD: mcclock.c,v 1.5 2002/03/14 01:26:26 millert Exp $	*/
/*	$NetBSD: mcclock.c,v 1.4 1996/10/13 02:59:41 christos Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996 Carnegie-Mellon University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Author: Chris G. Demetriou
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
 * rights to redistribute these changes.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/device.h>

#include <alpha/alpha/clockvar.h>
#include <alpha/alpha/mcclockvar.h>
#include <dev/ic/mc146818reg.h>

struct cfdriver mcclock_cd = {
	NULL, "mcclock", DV_DULL,
};

void	mcclock_init(struct device *);
void	mcclock_get(struct device *, time_t, struct clocktime *);
void	mcclock_set(struct device *, struct clocktime *);

const struct clockfns mcclock_clockfns = {
	mcclock_init, mcclock_get, mcclock_set,
};

#define	mc146818_write(dev, reg, datum)					\
	    (*(dev)->sc_busfns->mc_bf_write)(dev, reg, datum)
#define	mc146818_read(dev, reg)						\
	    (*(dev)->sc_busfns->mc_bf_read)(dev, reg)

void
mcclock_attach(sc, busfns)
	struct mcclock_softc *sc;
	const struct mcclock_busfns *busfns;
{

	printf(": mc146818 or compatible");

	sc->sc_busfns = busfns;

	/* Turn interrupts off, just in case. */
	mc146818_write(sc, MC_REGB, MC_REGB_BINARY | MC_REGB_24HR);

	clockattach(&sc->sc_dev, &mcclock_clockfns);
}

void
mcclock_init(dev)
	struct device *dev;
{
	struct mcclock_softc *sc = (struct mcclock_softc *)dev;

	mc146818_write(sc, MC_REGA, MC_BASE_32_KHz | MC_RATE_1024_Hz);
	mc146818_write(sc, MC_REGB,
	    MC_REGB_PIE | MC_REGB_SQWE | MC_REGB_BINARY | MC_REGB_24HR);
}

/*
 * Get the time of day, based on the clock's value and/or the base value.
 */
void
mcclock_get(dev, base, ct)
	struct device *dev;
	time_t base;
	struct clocktime *ct;
{
	struct mcclock_softc *sc = (struct mcclock_softc *)dev;
	mc_todregs regs;
	int s;

	s = splclock();
	MC146818_GETTOD(sc, &regs)
	splx(s);

	ct->sec = regs[MC_SEC];
	ct->min = regs[MC_MIN];
	ct->hour = regs[MC_HOUR];
	ct->dow = regs[MC_DOW];
	ct->day = regs[MC_DOM];
	ct->mon = regs[MC_MONTH];
	ct->year = regs[MC_YEAR];
}

/*
 * Reset the TODR based on the time value.
 */
void
mcclock_set(dev, ct)
	struct device *dev;
	struct clocktime *ct;
{
	struct mcclock_softc *sc = (struct mcclock_softc *)dev;
	mc_todregs regs;
	int s;

	s = splclock();
	MC146818_GETTOD(sc, &regs);
	splx(s);

	regs[MC_SEC] = ct->sec;
	regs[MC_MIN] = ct->min;
	regs[MC_HOUR] = ct->hour;
	regs[MC_DOW] = ct->dow;
	regs[MC_DOM] = ct->day;
	regs[MC_MONTH] = ct->mon;
	regs[MC_YEAR] = ct->year;

	s = splclock();
	MC146818_PUTTOD(sc, &regs);
	splx(s);
}


code:
/*	$OpenBSD: mcclockvar.h,v 1.4 2002/03/14 01:26:26 millert Exp $	*/
/*	$NetBSD: mcclockvar.h,v 1.2 1996/04/17 22:22:38 cgd Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1996 Carnegie-Mellon University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Author: Chris G. Demetriou
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
 * rights to redistribute these changes.
 */

struct mcclock_softc {
	struct device sc_dev;
	const struct mcclock_busfns *sc_busfns;
};

struct mcclock_busfns {
	void    (*mc_bf_write)(struct mcclock_softc *, u_int, u_int);
	u_int   (*mc_bf_read)(struct mcclock_softc *, u_int);
};

void	mcclock_attach(struct mcclock_softc *,
	    const struct mcclock_busfns *);


code:
/* $OpenBSD: mem.c,v 1.28 2015/05/28 20:53:05 jcs Exp $ */
/* $NetBSD: mem.c,v 1.26 2000/03/29 03:48:20 simonb Exp $ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1988 University of Utah.
 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1990, 1993
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
 * Science Department.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *	@(#)mem.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 1/12/94
 */

/*
 * Memory special file
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/buf.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/msgbuf.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>

#include <machine/cpu.h>

#include <uvm/uvm_extern.h>

#define mmread  mmrw
#define mmwrite mmrw
cdev_decl(mm);

caddr_t zeropage;

/* open counter for aperture */
#ifdef APERTURE
static int ap_open_count = 0;
extern int allowaperture;
#endif

/*ARGSUSED*/
int
mmopen(dev, flag, mode, p)
	dev_t dev;
	int flag, mode;
	struct proc *p;
{

	switch (minor(dev)) {
	case 0:
	case 1:
	case 2:
		return (0);
#ifdef APERTURE
	case 4:
	        if (suser(p, 0) != 0 || !allowaperture)
			return (EPERM);

		/* authorize only one simultaneous open() unless
		 * allowaperture=3 */
		if (ap_open_count > 0 && allowaperture < 3)
			return(EPERM);
		ap_open_count++;
		return (0);
#endif
	case 12:
		return (0);
	default:
		return (ENXIO);
	}
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
int
mmclose(dev, flag, mode, p)
	dev_t dev;
	int flag, mode;
	struct proc *p;
{

#ifdef APERTURE
	if (minor(dev) == 4)
		ap_open_count = 0;
#endif
	return (0);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
int
mmrw(dev, uio, flags)
	dev_t dev;
	struct uio *uio;
	int flags;
{
	vaddr_t o, v;
	size_t c;
	struct iovec *iov;
	int error = 0, rw;
	extern int msgbufmapped;

	while (uio->uio_resid > 0 && !error) {
		iov = uio->uio_iov;
		if (iov->iov_len == 0) {
			uio->uio_iov++;
			uio->uio_iovcnt--;
			if (uio->uio_iovcnt < 0)
				panic("mmrw");
			continue;
		}
		switch (minor(dev)) {

/* minor device 0 is physical memory */
		case 0:
			v = uio->uio_offset;
kmemphys:
			if (v >= ALPHA_K0SEG_TO_PHYS((vaddr_t)msgbufp)) {
				if (msgbufmapped == 0) {
					printf("Message Buf not Mapped\n");
					error = EFAULT;
					break;
				}
			}

			/* Allow reads only in RAM. */
			rw = (uio->uio_rw == UIO_READ) ? PROT_READ : PROT_WRITE;
			if ((alpha_pa_access(v) & rw) != rw) {
				error = EFAULT;
				break;
			}

			o = uio->uio_offset & PGOFSET;
			c = ulmin(uio->uio_resid, PAGE_SIZE - o);
			error =
			    uiomove((caddr_t)ALPHA_PHYS_TO_K0SEG(v), c, uio);
			break;

/* minor device 1 is kernel memory */
		case 1:
			v = uio->uio_offset;

			if (v >= ALPHA_K0SEG_BASE && v <= ALPHA_K0SEG_END) {
				v = ALPHA_K0SEG_TO_PHYS(v);
				goto kmemphys;
			}

			c = ulmin(iov->iov_len, MAXPHYS);
			if (!uvm_kernacc((caddr_t)v, c,
			    uio->uio_rw == UIO_READ ? B_READ : B_WRITE))
				return (EFAULT);
			error = uiomove((caddr_t)v, c, uio);
			break;

/* minor device 2 is EOF/rathole */
		case 2:
			if (uio->uio_rw == UIO_WRITE)
				uio->uio_resid = 0;
			return (0);

/* minor device 12 (/dev/zero) is source of nulls on read, rathole on write */
		case 12:
			if (uio->uio_rw == UIO_WRITE) {
				uio->uio_resid = 0;
				return (0);
			}
			/*
			 * On the first call, allocate and zero a page
			 * of memory for use with /dev/zero.
			 */
			if (zeropage == NULL)
				zeropage = malloc(PAGE_SIZE, M_TEMP,
				    M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
			c = ulmin(iov->iov_len, PAGE_SIZE);
			error = uiomove(zeropage, c, uio);
			break;

		default:
			return (ENXIO);
		}
	}
	return (error);
}

paddr_t
mmmmap(dev, off, prot)
	dev_t dev;
	off_t off;
	int prot;
{
	switch (minor(dev)) {
	case 0:
	/*
	 * /dev/mem is the only one that makes sense through this
	 * interface.  For /dev/kmem any physaddr we return here
	 * could be transient and hence incorrect or invalid at
	 * a later time.  /dev/null just doesn't make any sense
	 * and /dev/zero is a hack that is handled via the default
	 * pager in mmap().
	 */

	/*
	 * Allow access only in RAM.
	 */
		if ((prot & alpha_pa_access(atop(off))) != prot)
			return (-1);
		return off;

#ifdef APERTURE
	case 4:
		/* minor device 4 is aperture driver */
		switch (allowaperture) {
		case 1:
			if ((prot & alpha_pa_access(atop(off))) != prot)
				return (-1);
			return off;
		default:
			return -1;
		}
#endif
	default:
		return -1;
	}
}

int
mmioctl(dev, cmd, data, flags, p)
	dev_t dev;
	u_long cmd;
	caddr_t data;
	int flags;
	struct proc *p;
{
	return (EOPNOTSUPP);
}


code:
/* $OpenBSD: multiproc.s,v 1.5 2014/01/26 17:40:09 miod Exp $ */
/* $NetBSD: multiproc.s,v 1.5 1999/12/16 20:17:23 thorpej Exp $ */

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1998 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
 * by Jason R. Thorpe of the Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility,
 * NASA Ames Research Center.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

.file	4 __FILE__
.loc	4 __LINE__

/*
 * Multiprocessor glue code.
 */

	.text

/*
 * cpu_spinup_trampoline:
 *
 * We come here via the secondary processor's console.  We simply
 * make the function call look right, and call cpu_hatch() to finish
 * starting up the processor.
 *
 * We are provided an argument in $27 (pv) (which will be our cpu_info).
 */
NESTED_NOPROFILE(cpu_spinup_trampoline,0,0,ra,0,0)
	mov	pv, s0			/* squirrel away argument */

	br	pv, 1f			/* compute new GP */
1:	LDGP(pv)

	/* Write new KGP. */
	mov	gp, a0
	call_pal PAL_OSF1_wrkgp		/* clobbers a0, t0, t8-t11 */

	/* Store our CPU info in SysValue. */
	mov	s0, a0
	call_pal PAL_OSF1_wrval

	/* Switch to this CPU's idle thread. */
	ldq	a0, CPU_INFO_IDLE_PCB_PADDR(s0)
	SWITCH_CONTEXT

	/* Invalidate TLB and I-stream. */
	ldiq	a0, -2			/* TBIA */
	call_pal PAL_OSF1_tbi
	call_pal PAL_imb

	/* Make sure the FPU is turned off. */
	mov	zero, a0
	call_pal PAL_OSF1_wrfen

	/* Restore argument and call cpu_hatch() */
	mov	s0, a0
	CALL(cpu_hatch)

	/* cpu_hatch() returned!  Just halt (forever). */
2:	call_pal PAL_halt
	br	zero, 2b
	END(cpu_spinup_trampoline)


code:
/*	$OpenBSD: mutex.c,v 1.14 2015/04/17 12:38:54 dlg Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2004 Artur Grabowski <art@openbsd.org>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
 * AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
 * OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
 * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
 * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/atomic.h>

#include <machine/intr.h>
#include <machine/lock.h>

#include <ddb/db_output.h>

void
__mtx_init(struct mutex *mtx, int wantipl)
{
	mtx->mtx_owner = NULL;
	mtx->mtx_oldipl = IPL_NONE;
	mtx->mtx_wantipl = wantipl;
}

#ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR
void
mtx_enter(struct mutex *mtx)
{
	while (mtx_enter_try(mtx) == 0)
		SPINLOCK_SPIN_HOOK;
}

int
mtx_enter_try(struct mutex *mtx)
{
	struct cpu_info *owner, *ci = curcpu();
	int s;

	if (mtx->mtx_wantipl != IPL_NONE)
		s = _splraise(mtx->mtx_wantipl);

	owner = atomic_cas_ptr(&mtx->mtx_owner, NULL, ci);
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (__predict_false(owner == ci))
		panic("mtx %p: locking against myself", mtx);
#endif
	if (owner == NULL) {
		if (mtx->mtx_wantipl != IPL_NONE)
			mtx->mtx_oldipl = s;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		ci->ci_mutex_level++;
#endif
		membar_enter();
		return (1);
	}

	if (mtx->mtx_wantipl != IPL_NONE)
		splx(s);

	return (0);
}
#else
void
mtx_enter(struct mutex *mtx)
{
	struct cpu_info *ci = curcpu();

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (__predict_false(mtx->mtx_owner == ci))
		panic("mtx %p: locking against myself", mtx);
#endif
	if (mtx->mtx_wantipl != IPL_NONE)
		mtx->mtx_oldipl = _splraise(mtx->mtx_wantipl);

	mtx->mtx_owner = ci;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	ci->ci_mutex_level++;
#endif
}

int
mtx_enter_try(struct mutex *mtx)
{
	mtx_enter(mtx);
	return (1);
}
#endif

void
mtx_leave(struct mutex *mtx)
{
	int s;

	MUTEX_ASSERT_LOCKED(mtx);

#ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR
	membar_exit();
#endif
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	curcpu()->ci_mutex_level--;
#endif

	s = mtx->mtx_oldipl;
	mtx->mtx_owner = NULL;
	if (mtx->mtx_wantipl != IPL_NONE)
		splx(s);
}


code:
/* $OpenBSD: pal.s,v 1.7 2008/01/13 20:59:52 kettenis Exp $ */
/* $NetBSD: pal.s,v 1.14 1999/12/02 22:08:04 thorpej Exp $ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Carnegie-Mellon University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Author: Chris G. Demetriou
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
 * rights to redistribute these changes.
 */

.file	3 __FILE__
.loc	3 __LINE__

/*
 * The various OSF PALcode routines.
 *
 * The following code is originally derived from pages: (I) 6-5 - (I) 6-7
 * and (III) 2-1 - (III) 2-25 of "Alpha Architecture Reference Manual" by
 * Richard L. Sites.
 *
 * Updates taken from pages: (II-B) 2-1 - (II-B) 2-33 of "Alpha AXP
 * Architecture Reference Manual, Second Edition" by Richard L. Sites
 * and Richard T. Witek.
 */

/*
 * alpha_amask: read architecture features (XXX INSTRUCTION, NOT PALcode OP)
 *
 * Arguments:
 *	a0	bitmask of features to test
 *
 * Returns:
 *	v0	bitmask - bit is _cleared_ if feature is supported
 */
	.text
LEAF(alpha_amask,1)
	amask	a0, v0
	RET
	END(alpha_amask)

/*
 * alpha_implver: read implementation version (XXX INSTRUCTION, NOT PALcode OP)
 *
 * Returns:
 *	v0	implementation version - see <machine/alpha_cpu.h>
 */
	.text
LEAF(alpha_implver,0)
#if 0
	implver	0x1, v0
#else
	.long	0x47e03d80	/* XXX gas(1) does the Wrong Thing */
#endif
	RET
	END(alpha_implver)

/*
 * alpha_pal_cflush: Cache flush [PRIVILEGED]
 *
 * Flush the entire physical page specified by the PFN specified in
 * a0 from any data caches associated with the current processor.
 *
 * Arguments:
 *	a0	page frame number of page to flush
 */
	.text
LEAF(alpha_pal_cflush,1)
	call_pal PAL_cflush
	RET
	END(alpha_pal_cflush)

/*
 * alpha_pal_halt: Halt the processor. [PRIVILEGED]
 */
	.text
LEAF(alpha_pal_halt,0)
	call_pal PAL_halt
	br	zero,alpha_pal_halt	/* Just in case */
	RET
	END(alpha_pal_halt)

/*
 * alpha_pal_rdps: Read processor status. [PRIVILEGED]
 *
 * Return:
 *	v0	current PS value
 */
	.text
LEAF(alpha_pal_rdps,0)
	call_pal PAL_OSF1_rdps
	RET
	END(alpha_pal_rdps)

/*
 * alpha_pal_swpipl: Swap Interrupt priority level. [PRIVILEGED]
 * _alpha_pal_swpipl: Same, from profiling code. [PRIVILEGED]
 *
 * Arguments:
 *	a0	new IPL
 *
 * Return:
 *	v0	old IPL
 */
	.text
LEAF(alpha_pal_swpipl,1)
	call_pal PAL_OSF1_swpipl
	RET
	END(alpha_pal_swpipl)

LEAF_NOPROFILE(_alpha_pal_swpipl,1)
	call_pal PAL_OSF1_swpipl
	RET
	END(_alpha_pal_swpipl)

/*
 * alpha_pal_wrent: Write system entry address. [PRIVILEGED]
 *
 * Arguments:
 *	a0	new vector
 *	a1	vector selector
 */
	.text
LEAF(alpha_pal_wrent,2)
	call_pal PAL_OSF1_wrent
	RET
	END(alpha_pal_wrent)

/*
 * alpha_pal_wrvptptr: Write virtual page table pointer. [PRIVILEGED]
 *
 * Arguments:
 *	a0	new virtual page table pointer
 */
	.text
LEAF(alpha_pal_wrvptptr,1)
	call_pal PAL_OSF1_wrvptptr
	RET
	END(alpha_pal_wrvptptr)