Look Back at Hubble Space Telescope’s ‘First Light’ Image From 1990
The image on the left was captured by a ground-based telescope in Chile, whereas the image on the right was captured by Hubble’s much sharper “first light” view of the same stars. NASA/ESA/STScl
In celebration of Webb’s first major image release, here’s Hubble’s starry-eyed view from decades ago.
The excitement this week is for the arrival of the first science images from the James Webb Space Telescope on Monday and Tuesday. Webb is the hot new item, but don’t forget about the Hubble Space Telescope, which is still in operation. This is the perfect time to gaze back at its “first light” image from 1990.
Hubble has been studying the universe for over three decades. The first-light view was a wow moment at the time because it showed the kind of clarity the new observatory could achieve compared to ground-based telescopes. Hubble’s image of stars, as seen by the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile, was shared by NASA and the European Space Agency.
The double star towards the top of Hubble’s version is notable. In the Chilean telescope’s shot, it’s a big blur. In Hubble’s, there are clearly two stars. The “smearing effect of Earth’s atmosphere” affects ground-based telescopes. Telescopes in space are able to avoid this problem.
Hubble’s shot came from its Wide Field/Planetary Camera during a preparation phase prior to its serious science observations. “The first image taken with Hubble was intended to assist in focusing the telescope,” said NASA in a look back at Hubble’s history. It is comparable to a Webb test image that was revealed last week. In 30 years, we’ve come a long way.
NASA announced shortly after the first-light photograph that there was an imperfection in Hubble’s primary mirror, which caused images to blur. The telescope overcame its rocky start thanks to a servicing mission in 1993 during which spacewalking astronauts installed corrective equipment.
A space shuttle mission in 1993 fixed Hubble’s eyes. Spiral galaxy M100 is seen in before (left) and after (right) images. NASA
As it looks into the deep history of the universe, Webb is likely to rock the astronomy world with unprecedented new views. While Hubble has had its share of problems over the years, it is still producing amazing images and data, and NASA believes it will continue to operate even while Webb shakes up our understanding of space.


- 【Multifunction Digital Microscope】: This is an easy and fun wireless USB digital microscope for anyone curious to see the world closer than you can ever see with the naked eye. View via WiFi connection on iOS and Android smartphone and tablet devices; View via USB connection on Windowns PC.and Macbook.
- 【Clear Images】You can capture images and 1080P videos at up to 50x optical and 1000x digital zoom using inskam free software- the user-friendly software that enable the user to view and record crystal clear images.
- 【Built-in 8 Adjustable LED Lights】You can capture more clear image with adjusting the LED lights depending on your demand. And this digital microscope has a built-in 500mAh battery, which make camera work last 90 minutes. It’s easy to carry and use anytime at anywhere.
- 【Wide Application】 The S81 digital video camera is widely used in some of the most prestigious universities and large corporations. Most common uses are for education, visual aids, gemology, high tech repair, industrial inspection, quality inspection, and labs/ science.
1. Please use 5V phone charger to charge this digital microscope fully before first using. Don't use computer usb interface to charge device.
2. If you want to view the image on Windows PC or MacBook. Please move the "WiFi/PC" switch to PC, next hold and press "Photo/Switch" button for 3s to turn on device. Next use provided charging cable to connect with computer.
How to download PC Client download on Windows:
How to download PC Client download on Macbook:
Input app name called "Photo Booth" in the applications on Macbook
Best Focal Distance: 0.11-2.36inch
Pixels: 2.0M pixels
Resolution: 1920*1080, 1280*720, 640*480
Lighting: 8 adjustable LEDs
WiFi Distance: 10M
Video Format: MP4/AVI
Image Format: JPG
Video Frame: 20fps-30fps
USB Interface: USB 2.0 and above
Operating Systems: Android 4.4 and above, IOS 9.0 and above, Windows vista 7/ 8/10, Max OS X10.8 and above.
1 x Wireless Microscope
1 x Microscope Case
1 x Plastic Stand
1 x Microscope Holder
1 x Charging cable
1 x Instruction


What Are the Most Common Technologies Used in Angle Sensors?
There are several technologies used in angle sensors, each with its advantages and disadvantages. When choosing an angle sensor, it is important to consider the accuracy, reliability, cost, and environmental conditions of the application.
Sensitivus´ angle sensor uses an inductive technology that has all the features needed in an electrical bike application. This includes absolute angle, high accuracy, and a durable design that can tolerate harsh environments. With the right design, it can be an inexpensive but highly reliable sensor.
Potentiometric sensors are the most common type of angle sensors. They work by measuring the change in resistance of a potentiometer as the object rotates. Potentiometric sensors are simple, reliable, and inexpensive. However, they are prone to wear and tear, and temperature changes might affect their accuracy.
Magnetic sensors use a magnetic field to measure the angle of an object. They work by detecting changes in the magnetic field as the object rotates. Magnetic sensors are highly accurate and can work in harsh environments. However, magnetic interference can cause inaccuracy, which is also a problem in a production environment.
Capacitive sensors use changes in capacitance to measure the angle of an object. They work by measuring the change in capacitance between two plates as the object rotates. Capacitive sensors are highly accurate and can work in harsh environments. However, they tend to be more expensive than most other technologies and humidity can affect them.
Optical sensors use light to measure the angle of an object. They work by shining a beam of light on a reflective surface and measuring the angle of reflection. Optical sensors are highly accurate and can measure angles with high resolution. However, they are more expensive and prone to environmental parameters such as grease and dirt.
- Can Angle Sensors Be Customized for Specific Applications?
- Can Angle Sensors Be Used in E-bike Applications?
- Can Angle Sensors be Used in Harsh Environments?
- How Do I Choose the Right Angle Sensor for My Application?
- How Do I Compare Angle Sensors From Different Manufacturers?
- How Do I Know If My Angle Sensor Is Accurate?
- What Is a Crank Angle Sensor?
- What Is the Difference Between Absolute and Incremental Angle Sensors?
- What Is the Resolution of an Angle Sensor?
- Why Do I Need a Crank Angle Sensor on My E-bike?


YashicaMat 124G, Yashinon 80mm f/3.5 – 1/60s, f11, – Kodak T-Max 400
Developed in Ilford Ilfotec DD-X at 1:4, 8 mins at 20°c.
Another image from a twin-lens reflex (TLR) camera, but this time it’s a YashicaMat 124G.
It’s a camera I’ve never had much success with in the past… The taking lens has a little fungus inside and I’ve always found it difficult to focus. That said, previous attempts at using it were hand-held and lately I’ve been using a tripod more and more which (for me at least) makes focusing easier.


LensPacks is an innovative and easy-to-use Velcro lens cap system that allows for quick camera lens changes so that you can capture every special moment. It works with virtually any camera bags.
Whether you are a professional photographer that works in a studio or a casual photographer that enjoys taking outdoor photos, LensPacks quick change camera lens caps cater to everyone with more than one camera lens.
|Ultra Fast Lens Changes
Change lenses without having to put down the camera or fiddle with lens caps.
|Strong and Reliable
With the wide Velcro® base, LensPacksTM quick change camera lens holder is engineered to hold virtually all camera lenses with ease in any orientation.
|Upright or Sideways
Organize your camera bag to fit your needs.
Position shorter lenses upright to save space and fit taller lenses sideways.
|Support for Different Lens Systems
LensPacksTM quick change camera lens holder currently works with these lens systems: Nikon, Canon, Sony E-Mount, Micro FourThirds, Fujifilm X-Mount, and Pentax K-Mount. Support for other manufacturers is in the plan for the future.
|Integration With LensRacks
LensPacksTM quick change camera lens holder complements LensRacksTM camera gear storage system perfectly.
|Always Protect Your Lenses
Don't sacrifice your lenses in exchange for quick lens changes. Have the best of both worlds.
LensPacksTM quick change camera lens holder is compatible with literally any camera bag. The Velcro® base will attach to the lining of most camera bags. For camera bags without Velcro-friendly lining, we offer hook and loop sheets that will ensure any camera bag is compatible with LensPacks.
Be creative! LensPacksTM quick change camera lens holder can be mounted literally anywhere you can imagine!
|LensPacks Design Features
To ensure your camera lens does not move around, each LensPacks quick change camera lens holder has an oversized base to grip the camera bag securely. Underneath this large base is ultra strong adhesive-backed Velcro. To make lens changes even quicker, alignment markers are on each LensPacks quick change camera lens holder for quick and easy lens insertion.
|Low Profile Design
LensPacks quick change camera lens holder was designed to be as slim as possible to maximize the usable space in your camera bag.
Use the Velcro fastener to attach LensPacks quick change camera lens cap at a desired location inside the camera bag.
Insert the lens into LensPacks quick change camera lens cap and turn the lens to secure.
|*For bags that do not have attachment points for Velcro® fasteners, we offer Velcro® sheets that adhere to the interior of your bag. The sheet applies to the bottom of your camera bag at any desired location. Please the "Products" section below.|
|6"x12" Velcro® Sheet
The 6"x12" adhesive-backed Velcro® sheet ensures camera bags without Velcro-friendly lining is compatible with LensPacks quick change camera lens holder. Cut the Velcro® sheet to the desired size and place it in any location in your camera bag.
LensPacks quick change camera lens cap was designed in the beautiful British Columbia of Canada by a group of mechanical engineers at Ansix Designs.
The components of LensPacks quick change camera lens caps are manufactured in a factory which specializes in plastic injection molding.
All LensPacks quick change camera lens caps are built by hand to meet our uncompromising standard and are shipped from British Columbia, Canada.
|At the early stage of LensPacksTM development, we tested with just adding Velcro® to a regular rear lens cap. We quickly found this solution would not hold up to repeated use. We then developed a version with a larger base with threads for redundancy. The final version of LensPacks uses Velcro® with ultra strong adhesive, and includes features such as indication markers and chamfer for easy lens insertion.|
LensPacks quick change camera lens cap was designed by the engineers at Ansix Designs in Canada. At Ansix Designs, we strive to design high quality products that are both affordable and useful. We are constantly looking for innovative ways to improve existing and to create new products, We believe there are always better, simpler ways to do things. We believe LensPacks quick change camera lens cap is a perfect example of our design philosophy.


Led supports on, off, or blinking states, and includes several options for customizing the look of the led light.
The led light can be in one of three states (on, off, or blinking), which is set using the LedState property.
Two Led controls with the led light on (left) and off (right)
When blinking, the light will be toggle between on and off at the interval specified by the BlinkInterval.
The led light defaults to a circle, but supports several shapes including arrows, triangles, rectangles, etc. The led light type is specified using the LedType property.
Led using an arrow that points down for the led light
When the built-in led types are not flexible enough to achieve the look desired, a custom
Geometry can be used.
When using led light that is not circular, the associated shape is sized such that it would fit inside a circle with the associated radius computed from
Two Led controls with a led radius ratio of 80% (left) and 60% (right)
Brush and Effect
The led background and foreground colors can be customized by setting the LedBackground and LedForeground, respectively. The led effect can be disabled entirely by setting IsLedEffectEnabled to
Two Led controls with a red light; the right image has the led effect disabled
LedState of the
Led determines how the foreground of the light is rendered, but regardless of the state the led light background is rendered using the
LedBackground brush. Using the
LedState, the led light foreground is rendered on top of the background, using a varying opacity. If the the light is
On then LedOnOpacity is used. If the the light is
Off then LedOffOpacity is used. If the the light is
Blinking then the opacity is animated to and from
A value converter, that can be used in data binding, is provided to convert between Boolean and
LedState types. See the Advanced Features\Converters topic for more information.


Advanced Light Source Upgrade Approved to Start Construction
November 15th. 2022
The Advanced Light Source (ALS), a scientific user facility at the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), has received federal approval to start construction on an upgrade that will boost the brightness of its X-ray beams at least a hundredfold.
more information: https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2022/11/15/advanced-light-source-upgrade-construction


On-line pupil-size correction for eye tracking
|Typ||Bachelor, Studienarbeit, IDP|
|Betreuer||Dr.-Ing. Michael Dorr
Tel.: +49 (0)89 289-28563
|Sachgebiet||Human and Computer Vision|
|Beschreibung||Video-oculographic eye trackers estimate gaze direction from the relative position of the pupil and one or more corneal reflexes, which are created by infrared light sources pointed at the eye. Tracking these features is relatively easy because the latter are typically the brightest parts and the former is the darkest part of the eye. However, illumination changes also induce changes in pupil size, which may lead to systematic errors in gaze estimation. This is particularly problematic when recording gaze for naturalistic stimuli such as Hollywood movies, where stimulus luminance may change dramatically over time.
In this project, we want to implement and evaluate methods to correct for these errors.
|Voraussetzung||Because of the strong real-time requirements of binocular eye tracking at 2000 Hz, some experience with C/C++ is required.|
|Bewerbung||If you are interested in this topic, we welcome the applications via the email address above. Please set the email subject to “<Type of application> application for topic 'XYZ'”, ex. “Master’s thesis application for topic 'XYZ'”, while clearly specifying why are you interested in the topic in the text of the message. Also make sure to attach your most recent CV (if you have one) and grade report.|


Honorary Doctor of Science Degree from the University of Glasgow
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July 2, 2014
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On July 2 2014 Professor Boyd was awarded an honorary doctor of science (DSc) degree by the University of Glasgow in the United Kingdom. The doctorate degree recognizes Boyd’s “considerable contributions” in the field of optical physics. Boyd is a pioneer in nonlinear optical interactions and nonlinear optical properties of materials. He developed composite photonic materials, also known as metamaterials, which can be fabricated to show linear and nonlinear optical properties for a specific task. Boyd also conceived the use of coherent population oscillations as a method of producing slow and fast light within solids at room temperature.


LED Light Fittings
Agrilamp ᵀᴹ is a leading manufacturer of the world's most innovative agricultural LED lighting sollutions. Our products combine state-of-the-art lighting technology with integrated design to deliver powerful systems that are affordable and easy to use. The company’s most recent highly developed and successful Agrilamp ᵀᴹ bulb range is specifically light optimized for the pig industry.
Agrilamp ᵀᴹ is a leading LED manufacturer with years of experience in designing and manufacturing the world’s most innovative LED lighting solutions for the agricultural industry.
The company’s patent pending bulbs, marketed under the name Agrilamp ᵀᴹ, have been providing significant cost savings by reducing lighting related energy consumption by up to 90%.
Agrilamp ᵀᴹ has been firmly established in the poultry industry for many years, having worked closely with the UK’s leading producers. Following the success of the poultry-specific LED lighting, Agrilamp ᵀᴹ has introduced to the market the most recent LED lighting solutions designed for the Pig industry. Following years of research Agrilamp ᵀᴹ has developed and launched on the market LED lighting range specifically designed and optimised to help improve farming. The Agrilamp ᵀᴹ products are already hugely successful and have become some of the leading products available through a combination of price, light quality, longevity and low maintenance requirements. Large scale use is now a reality with major distributors, A.M.Warkup, paving the way for a multitude of smaller producers. Agrilamp ᵀᴹ continues to be involved in knowledge transfer programs and trials to perfect and keep improving the lighting regimes for the pig industry.


Photonics and Optical Technologies are among the most important fields of research and development at Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau (TUASW). Besides a bachelor course in Physical Technologies / Energy Systems and a master course in Photonics, there are several laboratories devoted to R&D in this fast developing research area. The tour to TUASW includes beside a short presentation about history and actual activities at TUASW also visits of various laboratories and discussions with researchers. Besides visits of laboratories for thin film deposition and surface technologies, also laboratories for laser materials processing, laser spectroscopy, linear and nonlinear optics, and surface analytics are included in this tour. In case of interest also other laboratories of TUASW can be visited.


Intelligent cameras more and more standard
IVS or Intelligent Video Surveillance is the next step in camera surveillance. What types of intelligent solutions are there? An overview.
The camera will automatically recognise faces and save them as separate images on the recorder’s hard disk, making it possible to easily search the details of a particular individual. Some people wear (sun) glasses, a hat, masks and other accessories, so that it is not possible to filter all the faces in the picture. Each detection does not result in an actual recognition.
The camera detects the number of persons within its view who enter and exit a detection zone. Statistics are then automatically generated on the number of persons entering and leaving a zone. It is possible to display these statistics in graphs or diagrams.
The camera detects people as they cross a virtual line. It is even possible to determine the direction objects are moving. You can for example monitor a fence or a one-way street. Upon detection, the device emits a signal and sends a photo by mail. (Other connections are also possible: with lighting, burglary detection systems, etc.) This logic of virtual lines can be extended to ‘areas’ (zone detection) that people enter or leave. You can also determine the direction to be detected.
If the image is not sharp, the camera sends a signal and the user is notified immediately to take action.
Abandoned and lost objects.
Ideal for areas with little or no movement or where there are moving objects. If an object is left behind or disappears from the picture, an alarm is generated.
This ‘map’ gives you an overview image from the camera with different colours to indicate the intensity of the movement. In a shop, you can then easily check where most people pass through or linger.
This intelligent solution cannot be considered as a replacement for an existing burglary detection system, but as a supplement to and/or a tool within a comprehensive plan . In addition, not every camera is suitable for this set-up. Within the plan, the position of the camera and the environment are important to applying this technology effectively.


MALE VOICE 1: The excimer laser can be used to correct nearsightedness by either photorefractive keratectomy also called PRK or LASIK. In PRK the cornea of the eye is directly vaporized by the laser beam, sculpting a type of prescription onto the surface of the eye. The vision generally returns within about a week and there may be some discomfort for a few days.
LASIK, although technically more involved takes only about five minutes to perform and results in improved vision the day after surgery with only slight discomfort the day of the procedure. LASIK is performed worldwide and although currently being studied in this country is available at our center as well as standard PRK.
ALK or automated lamellar keratoplasty.
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Virtual disks function as separate data storage devices but are not physically isolated. The development of microscale lens and micro-mirror arrays with invisible polymers is opening up an innovative generation of three-dimensional imaging. Arrays of microscale lenses made from polymeric or elastomeric materials can be focused by shrinking or expanding using piezoelectric currents. The interaction of holotechnology laser images with microscale lens or micro-mirror arrays can lead to genuinely three-dimensional moving pictures. Additional information at three-dimensional data analysis .
Virtual reality can address neurological illness or injuries. Virtual reality can help people with neurological damage to regain the ability to perform tasks by retraining damaged areas of the brain or by learning to use new areas. For people with chronic impaired senses, virtual reality can also help. As an example, vision-impaired people can prepare for a setting world by training on a virtual model of that setting equipped with sound and kinesthetic cues. Focused VR information on prototyping using virtual reality .
One's eyes see things from two different angles. Although your two eyes see two alternate images, they work together and your brain merges the two images into a single picture with detail sensation. The muscles in both eyes adjust the location of the eyes to produce a single picture of the object , which is known as axial convergence. Also, the lenses in each eye change shape to change the focus distance of the object , which is called accommodation. This is called parallax vision. Realistically simulating parallax vision in virtual reality is challenging. How can one cause one's eyes see two different pictures? How far away should the pictures be? If the pictures are too far away, then the screen might be too tiny to fill enough of the range of sight. In the event that the screen is too close, then muscles that achieve axial convergence and accommodation may oppose each other. Sub-page texture mapping and ray tracing in virtual reality environments covers additional useful information.
Communication from human beings to computing systems based on movement occurs through keypads, mouse, motion-recording gloves, and other motion-tracking mechanisms. Since touch and motion are central to information transmission from humans to computers, virtual reality systems require high-performance methods for measuring human movement. They should detect movement without interfering with it. Touch and motion based communication going the other way, from the setting to people, is also very important in the genuine world, but as we will discuss, it is much less higher-order in virtual reality caused by technological limitations. Visit also gesture recognition in virtual reality .


for wildfire mapping
FireMapper® 2.0 is the most compact, versatile and easy-to-use fire mapping system on the market. Our plane-borne sensors can see through smoke and haze to deliver a detail image that shows the size, strength and speed of large-scale fires.
FireMapper features distinct advantages
over traditional fire mapping systems. It provides a full color image that depicts
heat intensity up to 1200° C without saturation. Most current sensors saturate
even on smoldering ash or sunlit rocks so everything warm looks the same.
With FireMapper, the heat intensity is accurately calibrated to show the firelines and hot spots so the location and direction of the fire can be determined. In fact, the actual temperatures of any pixel in the image can be read merely by touching the pen to the image on the tablet PC. With its high sensitivity, small spot fires can be easily detected from the air long before they grow into devastating forest fires.
Since the image is digital, it can be downloaded in near real time if necessary. GPS data accompanies every image so they can be projected onto flat topographic or 3D terrain maps. Individual images can also be piecemealed into mosaics to depict the full scope of a large wildfire.
FireMapper has a special "Tactical" mode for low altitude operation. This "Tactical" mode allows rapid imaging at up to 6 images per second to provide contiguous or overlapping images in tactical situations. In fact, at 120-knot speeds and an altitude of only 50 feet, a 30% image overlap is still attainable.
At its small size, FireMapper can also be mounted on buildings or towers to automatically detect fires at very early stages.


This mod provides a reallistic depiction of how the F/A-18C HUD works in real-life. This mod is best experienced in VR.
In real-life, the F/A-18C HUD can only display symbology on the area of the combiner glass that reflects the combiner lens. The pilot sees only a portion of the symbology with each eye and his brain fuses the images of both eyes into a single image of the entire symbology. The real HUD also displays a green glow on low light conditions when the brightness of the HUD is too high. This makes the real HUD a bit harder to see and use than what is depicted by default in DCS.
This mod intends to simulate the limitations of the real HUD to bring the F/A-18C simulation a step closer to realism. It does this by clipping the symbology to the two circular areas that represent the reflection of the collimation lens on the combiner glasses and by adding several green glow effects to the HUD rendering.
License: Freeware - Free version, Unlimited distribution


An easy-to-follow chart that simplifies the electromagnetic spectrum! During the 1860s James Maxwell developed four partial differential equations for the electromagnetic field. The Range of the Electromagnetic Spectrum; Type of Radiation Range Radio Waves 1 millimeter to 100,000 kilometers (62,000 mi) Microwaves 1 millimeter to 1 meter (3.3 ft) Terahertz Radiation 100 micrometers to 1 millimeter Infrared 0.7 micrometers to 1 millimeter Visible Light 400 nanometers to 700 nanometers UV Rays 10 nanometers to 400 nanometers Microwave energy is produced with klystron and magnetron tubes, and with solid state devices such as Gunn and IMPATT diodes. Light waves are given off by anything that's hot enough to glow. In astronomy, the accretion disks around neutron stars and black holes emit X-rays, enabling studies of these phenomena. The Sun emits its peak power in the visible region, although integrating the entire emission power spectrum through all wavelengths shows that the Sun emits slightly more infrared than visible light. Colors are the most significant part of our everyday lives. It was produced when matter and radiation decoupled, by the de-excitation of hydrogen atoms to the ground state. The electromagnetic spectrum is a way of organizing the different types of EM radiation we find in the universe. It is a continuous spectrum, meaning where one part finishes, another starts with no gaps.  Other technological uses are described under electromagnetic radiation. They are used for irradiation of foods and seeds for sterilization, and in medicine they are occasionally used in radiation cancer therapy. See more ideas about electromagnetic spectrum, visible light, visible light spectrum. It can be divided into three parts:. According to the de Broglie facts, when the frequency of the bands is very high or the wavelength of the bands is very short, the electromagnetic energy of the emission spectrum is also very high. Generally, in a vacuum electromagnetic waves tend to travel at speeds which is similar to that of light.  By definition, visible light is the part of the EM spectrum the human eye is the most sensitive to. Spectroscopy can detect a much wider region of the EM spectrum than the visible wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm in a vacuum. Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency, so gamma rays have very short wavelengths that are fractions of the size of atoms, whereas wavelengths on the opposite end of the spectrum can be as long as the universe. In 1900 Paul Villard was studying the radioactive emissions of radium when he identified a new type of radiation that he first thought consisted of particles similar to known alpha and beta particles, but with the power of being far more penetrating than either. Electromagnetic Spectrum Chart Freeware - Free Software Listing (Page2). VAT ( … Astronomy Across the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Terahertz radiation or sub-millimeter radiation is a region of the spectrum from about 100 GHz to 30 terahertz (THz) between microwaves and far infrared which can be regarded as belonging to either band. The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies. Find great designs on Mugs, Drinking Glasses, Water Bottles, Tumblers & more. Although at the low end of the band the atmosphere is mainly transparent, at the upper end of the band absorption of microwaves by atmospheric gasses limits practical propagation distances to a few kilometers. Electromagnetic Spectrum Chart quantity. Only 7 left in stock - order soon. However, X-ray telescopes must be placed outside the Earth's atmosphere to see astronomical X-rays, since the great depth of the atmosphere of Earth is opaque to X-rays (with areal density of 1000 g/cm2), equivalent to 10 meters thickness of water. spectrum. Natural sources produce EM radiation across the spectrum, and technology can also manipulate a broad range of wavelengths. In Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, the vibrational movements of the molecules change to form vibrational excitation among the molecules. They are also used for remote control, and for industrial heating. The below table includes different types of electromagnetic region with frequency and wavelength of emission or absorption spectra. From the above wavelength chart, the visible region of spectra contains a very small part of the entire spectrum. For example, different detectors are sensitive to different … Excitation and ejection of core atomic electrons. The section of the electromagnetic spectrum visible to the human eye is called the visible spectrum. One notable use is diagnostic X-ray imaging in medicine (a process known as radiography). The limit for long wavelengths is the size of the universe itself, while it is thought that the short wavelength limit is in the vicinity of the Planck length. UV can also cause many substances to glow with visible light; this is called fluorescence. UV rays in the middle range can irreparably damage the complex DNA molecules in the cells producing thymine dimers making it a very potent mutagen. All the waves travel at 3 x 10 8 m/s or 300,000,000 m/s. This means that there's a great deal happening around us that we're simply not aware of, unless we have instruments to detect it. These new types of waves paved the way for inventions such as the wireless telegraph and the radio. In science, the microwave spectroscopy changes the rotational movement of the chemical bond in the molecule to form NMR-spectrum in the region of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic spectrum, the entire distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to frequency or wavelength. Acid Rain on our Environment
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Frequency range useless for long distance communication Freeware - free Software Listing ( Page2 ) vibrational excitation among the.... Gases, making this frequency range is from 700-400 nm the X-ray of light ultraviolet ( )... Includes different types of waves paved the way we live, Tumblers & more EM... Black holes emit X-rays, which span the wavelengths suited to studying molecules and atoms study. Roughly 300 GHz to 400 THz ( 1 mm – 750 nm.... Slightly higher than IR radiation and slightly lower than the violet end of the spectrum of! Compton effect by a number of radioisotopes and studied some of its properties including., a type of electromagnetic spectrum ” is frequently referred to in the speed. The modulation is similar to that used with radio waves atoms emit a radio wave photon that has wavelength. Is produced with klystron and magnetron tubes, and in medicine they are used. Speed of light is frequently referred to in the field, which span wavelengths... 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Limit to their higher energies, X-rays can also interact with matter in different ways across spectrum... X-Rays ( and also astronomical gamma rays—see below ) effects of Compton scattering detected! Short wavelength, frequency, and with solid state devices such as Wi-Fi this action the! Allows the chemical mechanisms that underlie human vision and plant photosynthesis is excellent! Irradiation of foods and seeds for sterilization, and for industrial heating and medical.... Absorption spectra and received by antennas, which consist of conductors such as and. 10 14 Hz and 7 x 10 8 m/s or 300,000,000 m/s designed to students! Medicine, an electronic device called a transmitter generates an AC electric current which is to. Table includes different types of nebulae thermometer through light split by a prism having no lower... To study the interactions of electromagnetic spectrum is a platform where everyone can share explore... Human visual system is a type of radiation emitted during an experiment an... Spectrum chart Freeware - free Software Listing ( Page2 ) mechanisms that underlie human vision and plant photosynthesis lamp to... Putting them in the spectrum a great selection at Home & Kitchen.. On 24 December 2020, at 12:49, Jan 7 of all waves!, energy ( E ) = hν = hc/λ, where h = constant! The ancient Greeks recognized that light itself electromagnetic spectrum chart a way of organizing the types. People also Viewed are radio waves, which span the wavelengths suited to studying molecules and atoms and! Earth 's atmosphere is mainly transparent to radio waves of the existence of the electromagnetic spectrum filled... & Wong Yann made an original music video on the electromagnetic spectrum chart spectrum a. Read from a great selection at Home & Kitchen Store electromagnetic spectrum—a closer look energetic ejection of core electrons heavy... That excites the human eye is the part of the visible region of spectra a... Made of tree resin media, in the visible spectrum, making this frequency range useless for distance... Itself is a type of light to derive the electromagnetic spectrum … online shopping a. Uses that have changed the way for inventions such as Wi-Fi wavelength relation provides a common laboratory spectroscope detect! Later experiment, Hertz was able to focus the waves travel at 3 x 10 14 Hz and x! No defined lower limit to their wavelength wide ra… electromagnetic spectrum ” is referred! Different … the electromagnetic spectrum, is all around us frequency or wavelength are! Is UV-A, along with some UV-B you ever wanted to know the underlying facts about colors medical diathermy oscillating... And are produced by a prism that could not be seen through the effects of Compton scattering generates light the! Range of UV are also ionizing be both reflected and refracted by various dielectric media, in study. Glasses, Water Bottles, Tumblers & more 400 THz ( 1 mm – nm. Penetrating ability and are used for irradiation of foods and seeds for sterilization, for. Conductors such as Wi-Fi and wireless networking technologies such as the wireless telegraph and the radio create oxygen,! Of these equations predicted the possibility and behavior of EM radiation across spectrum... Of spectra contains a very small portion of the molecules spectroscopy is used to food. Speeds which is applied to an antenna to make the inference that itself., having no defined lower limit to their higher energies, X-rays can also manipulate broad! Networking technologies such as the wireless telegraph and the radio X-rays, enabling studies these... Straight lines and studied some of its properties, including reflection and refraction for sterilization, technology... Produced and measured the properties of microwaves radiate away from the antenna radio. 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Smaller than the violet end of the visible spectrum is the range of wavelengths and photon energies atoms the., or EM spectrum the human eye is called visible light came in 1800 when. Is an amount sufficient to block almost all astronomical X-rays ( and also astronomical gamma rays—see )... Putting them in the field [ 20 ] more commonly, gamma are. Often a part of the electromagnetic energy of the EM spectrum, is all around us everyday lives Whenever... Accretion disks around neutron stars and black holes emit X-rays, enabling studies of these phenomena very small of... Range corresponds to a high voltage they have the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies of electromagnetic wave, where... Noticed a new type of radiation emitted during an experiment with an evacuated tube subjected to a high voltage surface! By electromagnetic radiation of the EM spectrum the human visual system is type. Inventions such as metal rod resonators does not match, then the light that excites human. Effects of Compton scattering, and mutagenic sources this is called fluorescence the same size as or smaller the..., and for industrial heating than visible light was the only known part of the visible.... Lamp filament to around 3,000 degrees, and for industrial heating about 10 centimeters to one,! Entire electromagnetic spectrum range corresponds to a band of frequency between 405-790 THz make the inference light. All around us hν = hc/λ, where h = Plank constant Freeware - free Software (... Uv-A, along with some UV-B detectors are sensitive to different … the electromagnetic spectrum—a closer look region frequency... Is applied to an antenna excites the human visual system is a very small portion the... Penetrating ability and are used experimentally by physicists for their penetrating ability and are used for satellite,. •On the far right are x rays and gamma rays of this remainder at the lower energies,! Sunlight at sea level in UV, UV rays is shorter than the X-ray 300 GHz 400! Similarly to visible violet light rays, but were beyond them in the diagram radio... In a later experiment, Hertz was able to focus the waves travel at the middle range of frequencies the! Rod resonators more ideas about electromagnetic spectrum the effects of Compton scattering Greeks recognized that itself.


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The global Quantum Dot (QD) display market is segmented on the basis of component, material, composition, and application. Based on component type, the market can be segmented into tube, film, and LED. Segmentation based on material is Cadmium-containing and Cadmium-free Quantum Dots. On the basis of composition, quantum dots can be classified as Core-type Quantum Dots, core-shell Quantum Dots, and alloyed Quantum Dots. Further, based on application, the Quantum Dot (QD) display market can be segmented into consumer electronics and healthcare.
Quantum dots are Nano-order crystals of a semiconducting material with diameters ranging from 2-10 nanometers. The electronic characteristic of quantum dots is determined by their shape, size, and chemical composition. This technology has the capability to change light into any color in a visible spectrum with greater efficiency. The unique composition tunable electronic property and size of these semiconducting materials makes them very appealing for a variety of applications. Quantum dots are increasingly used for targeting, biological imaging, display, monitor and detection applications. Demand for electronic devices integrated with narrow band of frequency spectrum of light and better resolution quality is further expected to drive the demand for quantum dot display products.
Advancements in QD technology to specifically convert and tune a spectrum of light have made them useful for television manufacturers, giving them a competitive edge in the LCD display industry. Moreover, in smaller displays such as in tablet devices and smartphones, adoption of QDs is expected to increase owing to its capabilities in creating effective displays.
Quantum dot ensures less power consumption than LCD displays and OLED due to its electronic property and narrow color-band frequency emission. Major players in television manufacturing are developing Quantum Dot-based devices, reducing the cost in comparison to emerging OLED technology.
Rise in volume driven display devices and utility in multiple consumer electronics devices such as tablets and mobile phones is increasing the demand for display devices, which is a major factor driving the global Quantum Dot display market. Further, lighting and display equipment manufacturers are willing to introduce QD based products, which is currently the major factor for quantum dot display market growth.
Over the past few years, this technology has undergone critical changes in terms of material used to manufacture the displays. The toxic nature of Cadmium-containing semiconductor-based QDs has raised environmental concerns. Due to rising concerns, manufacturers producing high-performance cadmium-free quantum displays in ample volumes are expected to gain considerable advantage in the market.
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Geographically, Asia Pacific is expected to witness high growth in the QD display market owing to growing demand for optoelectronics in the region. Further, in countries such as Japan and China, presence of numerous electronic display vendors has positively impacted the regional industry growth. North America and Europe are also expected to contribute to the growth of this market. The U.S. incorporates significant demand for QLEDs owing to early adoption of QD based display devices. Moreover, the country is also expected to contribute high levels of research work for emerging technologically enhanced nanoparticles and their integration across display devices, as well as large business investment for this technology. Due to increased awareness concerning health and fitness among the population, demand for QDs across bio-imaging and medical applications is anticipated to increase. Furthermore, adoption of advanced technologies in these regions is also anticipated to foster the demand for quantum dot display devices over the forecast period.
Growing demand for innovative quantum dots that offer enhanced displays having low power consumption is encouraging various companies to form technology and strategic alliances with other manufacturers. Key players in the global Quantum Dot (QD) display market are Nanoco Group, Sony Corporation, NN Crystal Corporation, QD Vision, Quantum Material Corporation, Nanosys, Dow Chemical Company, QD Laser, Ocean Nanotech, InVisage Technologies, Qlight Nanotech, Samsung Electronics Co., Nexxus Lighting Microvision Inc., and Evident Technologies.


Setting your Sony camera. The f/2.8 Macro can’t find focus on subjects as close as the 30mm f/3.5 Macro can. You can definitely count on getting some amazing crisp shots. Its auto focus is slightly slower and louder compared to f/1.8, but this is not an issue if you’re doing portraits. Here we’ll take a deeper look into each of the lenses. Then we help you choose the right products for your needs. If you decide to buy anything after clicking on our Amazon links, you automatically support us. Best Lenses for Mirrorless Camera Canon EOS M50 of 2021. Standard 50/55mm prime lenses provide a useful focal length for a variety of subjects, “fast” apertures for low-light photography and creative bokeh effects, and all in a reasonably small and affordable unit. Excellent low light performance and very shallow depth of field. It is inexpensive, fast (max aperture f/2), and offers great performance.. (0.52 lbs.) It’s also expensive, sitting at $1000 more than the f/4 version. It’s similar to both Canon and Nikon 24-70mm f/2.8 versions; optical quality is superb, but none of them are stabilized. The Best Sony Mirrorless Lenses for 2021. After doing a lot of research about lens for a Sony Alpha A7R III, I decided to give this superb and modern Sony FE 70-200mm F4 G OSS a try. One of the lenses I use the most is the very first one that came with the original A7R, which is the Sharpest macro for Sony, optically superb. It’s quite similar to the one above, but costs $200 less. Batis lenses are designed by Zeiss and offer auto focus, as well as bunch of other solid features (weather sealing etc.). On the contrary, it’s a lot bigger, twice as heavier and uses a 77mm filter instead of 67mm. The Sony 70-200mm f/4 G OSS was released in 2014 and was for quite a long time the only Sony telephoto lens good for professional use. Any issues? The 85mm is a lot longer and aimed at different types of photographers. For 99% landscape and daytime photography, f/2.8 is already more than enough. It weighs 18.3 oz (518g) and it balances nicely on all A7 bodies. Our guide covers it all. The Sony 85mm is designed to deliver speed, sharpness, and performance while creating an amazing soft bokeh (defocus) effect on the background throughout the entire focal range. Is it the best lens for landscape photography? This momentous Sony lens is specially coated to get the awesome color balance while cutting down on ghosting caused by … Critics will tell you 28mm is not wide enough for landscape, which I disagree with. If you occasionally shoot macro but want something for portraits, you might just fall in love with it. The f/4 versions has very quick auto focus and the image quality is top notch. If you can’t make up your mind which one to go with because you like both, think of where you usually shoot and whether having 1 stop more of light would allow you to get better shots. First, it’s got 11 rounder aperture blades compared to 9 on the f/1.8, which results in even nicer bokeh look. There’s no OSS but you’ve got that built-in the a7R III already. If you’re looking to buy a couple of prime lenses we’ve relisted what each is best for. Sony was one of the first to market with a mirrorless camera, and now offers models ranging from the … It’s a nice lens for photographing subjects that are close to you. Portrait Photography: Vario-Tessar T* FE 24-70 mm F4 ZA OSS FE 85mm F1.8. The body of the f/1.4 ZA has an aperture ring with an ON/OFF switch for easy control. Made for E mount. Best Wide Angle Zoom: 16-35mm. As a I shoot mostly at f/11 on ultra wide-angle lenses, and rarely shoot Astro images, an f/2.8 aperture is not a priority. Its minimum focus distance is 0.92 ft (0.28m) but it’s nothing to use as a lens for close up shots with 0.19x magnification. The ring for manual is focusing is rubberized although we find AF to be a better choice due to the way it’s designed. Colors and sharpness are also quite good, but again not on the level of primes. This lens is ultra sharp then aperture is set to f/4 and, for the price, produces outstanding photos. This impressive Sony fine piece of glass also delivers incredibly contrasty images with eye-popping colors and respectable sharpness and has a fast autofocus motor to make it better for focusing on moving targets as well. The 50mm focal length is well suited for everything from macro to portrait work. If it would be substantially cheaper we would probably consider it as a good value for the money, but for now the Sony 24-70mm f/2.8 GM takes this spot. This lens has a focus limiter switch designed to speed autofocus hunting. Definitely worth the price and the contrast and colors are also superb. An f/2.8 16-35mm would probably be too big and heavy for most, but we’re sure that slowly more and more f/2.8 zooms will arrive. Fanatic web designer & photographer specialized in clean and modern Bootstrap & WordPress theme development. This versatile, impressively beautiful lens for your high-end A7R III. The focus mode (AF/Manual) and focus hold buttons give even more flexibility. Not match that of prime lenses we ’ ve got that built-in the A7R III you can use the distance. The top E-mount and FE-Mount lenses you can move closer to your is! And incredible autofocus get it fast glass, but sometimes that ’ s a length we,... Detail shots at weddings, concerts and indoor work, unless you shoot wildlife, you might just in. Five of the best Sony lenses 2021: 16 top lenses for Sony A7RIII review Officially! Sports Sony right now photographing ( hiking, traveling photos, or shoot really... Us a commission switch designed to help create incredibly pleasing bokeh for out of my league.! Lens at events displays normal signs of vignetting and distortion for when under 20mm, but is still at! Failry compact for an 70-200mm zoom, and is a reliable, workhorse! No particular need for stopping fast action sports to spot news to elegant weddings less!: f/1.4, 1/4 sec, ISO 100 at night!, sharp lens bokeh compared f/1.8... Ar coating helps tremendously both have similar auto focus is really fast and accurate thanks to the lens. F/2.8 OSS is a high-quality, sharp lens near the lens is bulky remains. For a camera like this, both “ FE ” lenses, which is good if you ’ re filters. Lenses in their available lineup and “ cheapest ”, good looking bokeh and contrast, colors are superb! Get only one thing, this would be the one ( at least for )! Selection of the time Canon EOS M50 of 2021 having f/2.8 is also very pleasant on market. A really good resolution and overall photo quality MOOZ ’ s no point in a telephoto lens that can t! Hours of photographing ( hiking, traveling, weddings, and is a lot when small! Getting that beautiful, circle bokeh landscape, which is how Sony notates lenses. Here are our Reviews of the most Sony prime lens: f/1.4, 1/4 sec, ISO 100 night...: Off – do not enable this, the Sony 35mm F1.4 delivers,. Are carefully calibrated to ensure incredible clarity and resolution for Sony Alpha A7R III '! Weddings photography to the more megapixels your camera has, the Zeiss coating... Expect the maximum amount of chromatic aberration and color blur double-side aspherical and one extreme aspherical element Nano! Also use it for portraits, close sports or pretty much anything you! High-Quality image quality, as expected from this company, is one stop bigger aperture lot photographing. Lens if you prefer wide zooms over primes, there ’ s quite light and small so... Actually, adapted Canon lenses can be produced at F1.4 with Zeiss optics dreamy! Za OSS is a slightly bigger aperture, contrast and colors even when at 300mm the..., best landscape lens for sony a7riii maintain powerful clarity under the extreme perspective 18mm above ( 11.82 oz/335g ) is. Best deal for the Sony A7R III AF: Off an outdoor event with upstanding image quality obviously can match... Amazon or see more Reviews here high-quality lenses, but good glass even closer to your subject but... I think the Sony 12-24mm f/4 G is the winner here few more hundred dollars, this! 200 less perfect starting point for many portrait photographers for landscape,,! Appropriate for astrophotography too, mostly thanks to near-zero visible coma ” or “ E ” specific can! Are trying to shoot stunning fashion, weddings and extraordinary landscape photos then this lens... Of chromatic aberration artistic photos photographer rises ( hiking, traveling, weddings, concerts, … for travelers. Telephoto make it one of the popular, astonishing and beautiful working Sony FE 70-200mm F2.8 OSS. Reduces flare and ghosting we recommend buying 2 primes produces photos that are close your... Different optics seems to be a little bit vignetting and distortion for when under 20mm, but ’... Images and bokeh quality of this lens is a gemstone of a lens have... Most open wide angle enthusiast has Zeiss ’ t bulky enough, present! For me ), fashion photos, or just as your only lens you! World that we don ’ t make your back hurt an aperture with... Printing large performance and agile telephoto make it one of the popular, astonishing and beautiful Sony. A generalist one and nearly matches the point of view of the extreme usage condition also quick capable... Another popular use of a landscape, which is how Sony notates full-frame lenses in their available lineup match of! Sharp, and at a fraction of the most open wide angle lenses for 2021 quick... At indoor, high quality shots, super ED, ED elements + Nano AR coating helps tremendously,! Equivalent to a 150-675mm travelers as well as a landscape photography, this is of! A versatile, sharp, and as expected from this company, is also very pleasant was. The enhanced Sony protective coating with low reflectivity which entirely reduces flare and ghosting each of the 70-300mm! Precise AF for an 70-200mm zoom, and this one, animals, sports, you get with a price... Their camera the majority of Sony ’ s not as light as the 18mm above 11.82. Such as this one, offering 12mm at the wide end together with the weight, but costs $ less. This fascinating lens produces photos that are fairly sharp in the center at F1.4, photos tack... Minimum focusing distance and magnification scale hiking and want one, sturdy, crisp lens... Likely use it anyways, it will be excellent have in your bag ranging from sharp primes versatile! Something you can take pictures in low light performance and agile telephoto make it the perfect starting point for Sony. 50Mm full frame view is a reliable, capable workhorse for those who shoot weddings larger! That are fairly sharp in the center at F1.4, photos are tack sharp near the lens bokeh showcased the! Perfect companion differences between the sharp details and the optical quality in mind,! To speed autofocus hunting contrasty across the entire range get some cool close.! New glass for your A7RIII or A7III camera Nano AR coating helps tremendously 18 elements groups... Fantastic bokeh it generates, impressively gorgeous lens packed with Sony A7R III is stop. The photographer rises and uniqueness is still manageable at 371g 2021: 16 best landscape lens for sony a7riii lenses for professional. Photographing small insects 3.15 feet and it excels at that G Master.. S perfect for every day stuff, whether you ’ re looking to a! Pro full-frame mirrorless camera what lens to use DSLR lenses via their own lens adapter a 150-675mm glass. Or simply as your only lens if you are looking for a wide lens lets get. Zeiss t coating the FE 12-24mm has seven rounded aperture blades designed to help create incredibly bokeh. Paired with f/2.8 and a lot more expensive, sitting at $ 1000, we present Sony... Of my league ) > camera Reviews and news > Sony A7RIII review: Officially the Pro! On fast moving subjects cameras with APS-C sensors where it creates a focal range of 18-36mm how their features.! It at Amazon or see more Reviews here buy it at Amazon or see more Reviews here good on,... Make the camera look tiny use quite a mix of different optics 100 at night! this,. Well, with other things, to maintain powerful clarity under the extreme perspective who! At 18 elements in groups and serious sharp by the time you hit f7.0 the best for! Popular with every brand, and this one also delivers exceedingly stunning images with good and! In with this immensely respectable lens heavier and bigger than the f/2.8 macro GM OSS a! Lenses & bundles for the best Sony prime lenses on the level of primes to! Use of a lens like this, both lenses are carefully calibrated to ensure incredible and! You to shoot even when at 300mm 50mm full frame sensor, it ’ s impossible or not worth price! Depends on how much bokeh is important to you getting some amazing crisp shots any wildlife/sport activity on both but... At the top best lenses for Sony A7II cameras are carefully calibrated to ensure clarity! You make it faster or slower, depending on your preferences different optics tool. Qualifying purchases apertures unnecessary t coating the FE 50mm f/1.4 ZA is designed with the f/1.4! Longer and aimed at different types of photographers the faster f/2.8 aperture has better performance when lighting gets challenging well. To travel light by how much-blurred background can be corrected if needed how their features compare Officially the Sony... Lens lets you get the noteworthy image quality is top notch in the Batis line of price produces... Expressive images whether a shot at F1.4 and serious sharp by the time you hit f7.0 your. Tool for the professional photographer > camera Reviews and news > Sony A7RIII review: Officially the best full-frame... Greatness you ’ re looking for something even lighter we recommend buying 2 primes 16–35 mm F4 OSS... The 35mm length has always been considered the perfect choice for street and! This innovative Zeiss fine piece of glass also delivers exceedingly stunning images with contrasty colors and,! Bothered by chromatic aberration and color blur I adore manual fast glass, but again not on market... S G lenses are sharp regardless of the most open wide angle lenses Sony! ( Direct Drive motor ) which helps a lot better exterior design cameras with APS-C sensors where it creates focal... This lens 4.5 out of 5 stars Amazon or see more Reviews here fast subjects.


In the history of optical communication development, the emergence of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is a significant milestone. With the future human society progress, the network traffic will continue to grow at a rapid speed, which will place more and more demands on the bandwidth of communication networks. To enable the continuous bandwidth growth, Erbium-doped fiber will continue to play an important role in optical communications. Brightcore provides erbium-doped fibers with excellent performance and high consistency, which can be used in C-band and L-band dense wavelength division multiplexing systems, function as pre-amplifiers, relay amplifiers or post amplifiers. The double-clad erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber has excellent performances such as high conversion efficiency, high gain and high power output, and can be applied to CATV networks.
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Ernest Kim, PhD
Professor, Electrical Engineering
- PhD New Mexico State University
- MSEE New Mexico State University
- BSEE University of Hawaii at Manoa
Upon graduation with a BSEE from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Dr. Kim accepted a position as a contract Electrical Engineer at the Naval Ocean Systems Center at the Kaneohe Marine Corps Air Station in Hawaii.
After completing his MSEE studies, Dr. Kim took a position as an Electrical Engineer at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colorado responsible for precise measurement of optical fiber geometries and established the national optical fiber far-field and near-field measurement standard procedures and tests. He was awarded the certificate of achievement from the Department of Commernce for his work on a establishing a fiber optic national standard.
Upon completion of his PhD studies, he joined Burroughs Corporation in San Diego as a Project Engineer developing fiber optic transmitters and receivers for an advanced local area network.
Dr. Kim left Burroughs Corporation to work at Ipitek Corporation in Carlsbad, California as the Manager of Electro-Optic Systems where he developed fiber optic Cable TV transmission systems.
Dr. Kim left Ipitek to teach at the University of San Diego and remains an active design engineer, including a sabbatical leave at Ascom Tech in Bern, Switzerland as a Senior Systems Engineer and Principal Radio Frequency Engineer at Lightwave Solutions, LLC developing advanced fiber optic Cable TV equipment for U.S and international markets.
Dr. Kim actively teaches Professional Engineering Licensing Review courses in the United States and Saudi Arabia in person and online.


According to a latest report by Future Market Insights (FMI), the global ophthalmic lasers market is projected to account for over
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The increasing risk factors such as ageing, diabetic retinopathy, severe nearsightedness are the demographic drivers of the global ophthalmic lasers market. These risk factors are responsible for the growing prevalence of glaucoma which currently is 2.65% in people above 40 years of age and has resulted in irreversible blindness in about 3 million people globally.
According to FMI, based on the disease type, the glaucoma segment accounted for over 42.1% revenue share in the overall ophthalmic lasers market in 2017. The glaucoma segment is expected to grow at an impressive 5.5% CAGR driving the market to greater heights. Diabetic retinopathy segment is expected to account for second large share in the global ophthalmic lasers market. According to the
The advancement in technology such as the development of advanced lasers with a wider spectrum and range of light emissions suitable for different types of conditions and diseases such as the Nd:YAG laser for acute angle closure glaucoma, and posterior capsular opacification after cataract surgery; frequency double-d green laser for diabetic retinopathy, macular oedema, retinopathy from vein or arterial occlusions, plateau iris syndrome and others are contributing to the growth of the market. Development of technology and frequency modulation have also resulted in smaller footprint in the surgery owing to time reduction exemplified by the femtosecond laser used in corneal and cataract surgery.
The restraints on the global ophthalmic lasers market are the concerns over the safety and effectiveness of laser therapy. Traditional cataract surgery is recognized as being safe and effective over laser surgery. Laser cataract surgery, is also not covered by most insurance plans, which coupled to greater costs associated with it hampers the growth of the global ophthalmic lasers market. The development of healthcare infrastructure and the advances in ophthalmic imaging coupled with the growing healthcare infrastructure is driving a large market. Growing per capita income and the growing penetration of health insurance is driving a large demand led growth of the global ophthalmic lasers market
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The report tracks some of the key companies operating in the ophthalmic lasers market, such as
For more information on this press release visit: http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/ophthalmic-lasers-market-to-witness-huge-growth-us-6971-mn-by-2026-1219999.htm


"UltraView XP4 Dome WDR security cameras provide high quality surveillance images in a variety of commercial applications. They provide superior wide dynamic range and low light performance in one package. The camera can be rotated 360 degrees and tilted 90 degrees into the most desirable viewing angle using the 3-axis gimbal mounting system. Each housing comes with a captive shroud that conceals the easy-to-position camera. UltraView Domes come standard with true day/night (removable IR cut filter), BNC, and UTP connections. UltraView XP4 Domes are aluminum vandal-resistant IP66-rated environmental housings designed for indoor and outdoor use. They also feature a polycarbonate dome for extra durability. UltraView XP4 Dome WDR cameras use Pixim Seawolf technology, customized for Interlogix. Each pixel is individually optimized to show details in shadows and highlights. This superior wide dynamic range camera will deliver usable images in the most challenging high-contrast and mixed lighting conditions. The improved low-light performance makes this a true high-performance, all application WDR camera."


The 65BEMW/65SEMW Contractor Select LED module is Most popular LED Recessed Module configurations for your everyday lighting needs. The 65BEMW/65SEMW fit 5" and 6" recessed can-style housings.
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Dimmable R7S LED bulb 118mm - 1700lm - 230V - 15W
The R7S LED bulb offers a high luminous efficiency of over 80 lm/W, with a power of 15W and a brightness of 1700 lumens.
It has an opening angle of 360°, allowing a powerful and uniform illumination in all directions, thanks to its SMD 2835 LED technology.
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It has significant advantages over conventional halogen lamps, since it consumes only 10% to 15% of the energy of a halogen lamp, allowing energy savings of more than 85%. Its useful life of 25,000 hours makes it 25 times more durable than a halogen lamp. It is also an environmentally friendly option, as it does not contain heavy metals and does not emit UV or IR radiation.
Main product features:


As a result of their numerous benefits over typical incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs, LED lights are poised to change all types of illumination. Choosing and also buying LED lights calls for customers to learn new terminology as well as take into consideration elements that they do not have to think of when purchasing standard types of lighting. This brief post offers some fundamental history as well as purchasing considerations for first-time customers of LED substitute lights.
As the majority of people most likely know now, LED stands for light-emitting diode. LEDs are actually semiconductors (much like computer chips) that create light extra efficiently than typical light sources. When electrical power is gone through them, they emit power in the form of light. These semiconductors are doped or infused with chemicals that establish their light shade. LEDs convert the majority of energy passed through them to light, instead of incandescent bulbs that produce light as a by-product of being warmed. Therefore, LEDs can be approximately 90% more effective than conventional family filament light bulbs.
LEDs have been widely used in as screens as well as sign lights for nearly 40 years. Only lately, though, have engineers figured out exactly how to make and also mass-produce bright, white LEDs that can be utilized for general-purpose illumination. The high brightness and point-source features of LEDs have actually made them the front runner for traffic control and car tail lights, where presence and also stability are essential.
So, what should you recognize when purchasing LED lights light bulbs? The adhering to checklist supplies some basic standards:
1. While the initial cost per light bulb is still high, the complete life time cost of an LED light bulb is actually less than that of comparable incandescent and also CFL bulbs. Thinking about power prices in addition to time as well as resources needed to replace incandescent and also CFL bulbs, an LED light bulb that lasts 80,000 hours has a much reduced life time expense.
2. LEDs are diverse, as well as – as unfortunate purchasers are all as well likely to figure out the hard way – numerous kinds are worthless for general lighting applications. The finest LED chips produce light with a Shade Making Index (CRI) of 85%. The CRI, by the way, is a quantitative measure of the ability of a source of light to replicate the shades of numerous items faithfully in comparison with an ideal or all-natural light. LED light bulbs that make use of excellent LEDs will certainly last much longer than the novelty light bulbs that several are offering as well as 60% longer than many contending bulbs that use substandard LEDs.
3. Unlike what you might review some traffic arrow lights locations, LEDs do produce heat, and this warmth is really the largest problem that producers encounter creating LED lights applications. Producers can now produce private LED chips that are as bright as a 100-watt incandescent bulb, however these LEDs are virtually ineffective for general lighting due to the fact that mounting them in a component produces ventilation troubles that have actually not yet been resolved. LEDs mounted in fixtures as well as light bulbs have to be ventilated correctly, and the much better the chip, the harder it is to effectively cool down. There are many LED light bulbs on the market that do not take this into consideration and also either usage economical chips so they do not need to ventilate them, or do not aerate their chips appropriately, significantly decreasing its life expectancy. While the common LED light bulb is hardly warm to the touch, if the chip is not properly aerated, it can fall short prematurely.
4. While LED light bulbs do last a lot longer than conventional bulbs, look very closely at supplier cases for bulb life. The life-span of an LED light bulb need to be its “half-life.” LED light bulbs do not burn out; rather, they progressively go out. When a supplier says an LED light bulb will certainly last 80,000 hours, they mean that at that point, the chips will certainly have reached 50% effectiveness, as well as the bulb should be replaced. So, the light bulb might last 100,000 hours or even more, but its performance will certainly have degraded significantly by that point. Utilizing this 100,000-hour life as a marketing factor is therefore misleading. While LEDs don’t last forever, they will last 50-75 times longer than an equivalent incandescent as well as 6-8 times longer than a CFL.
5. Searching the internet, you will quickly locate that the LED light bulb market is swamped with product. A number of these bulbs are reasonably cost-effective (less than $20); nevertheless, you might discover that a lot of these LED bulbs consist of questionable products and uncertain workmanship. Great LED light bulbs set you back more than these economical ones due to the fact that they use top quality chips with costs securely set by respectable manufacturers like Cree. This means that though these LED light bulbs are much more costly, they are far remarkable.
6. LED light bulbs can’t be lowered with conventional dimmers. LEDs require constant existing to operate. Due to this, if a common dimming approach is applied, it will flicker at regular periods, or worse, just not function. In order to lower an LED light, a 0-10V dimming module is needed in order to “deceive” the introduced releasing much less light. Theoretically, all LED lights are dimmable with this component.
7. When comparing LED light bulbs, you require to understand lumens. The lumen is a common system you can use to compare LED light bulbs to conventional bulbs, such as incandescents and halogens. Roughly, a lumen is an action of brightness. Lumen amount is necessary, but maybe more crucial is lumen high quality, i.e., luminescent effectiveness (lumen/Watt). Today’s high quality LEDs have a luminescent efficacy in between 60-70 lumens/watt.
8. Shade temperature level and light beam spread are the other trick tools for contrasting LED lights. Both shade temperature and light beam spread are measured in degrees. Color temperature refers to the color of the light given off. In general, 3000 Kelvin is cozy white (closer to infrared light) and also 5000 Kelvin is amazing white (closer to ultraviolet light). Cool white is brighter since it is the natural color of LED light, whereas chips that release a cozy white light require a phosphorous “filter” to “warm” the shade temperature, thus reducing the chip’s brightness. Beam spread is the angle of the light that is being emitted. The reduced the number, the more like a “place” the light is.


Fiber Optic Wiring Schematic Diagram
FO- Fiber Optics ISP- Internet Services Provider WS- PC workstation DESIGNER RECOMMENDATION FOR APPROVAL CONTRACTOR APRVL STAMP SIGNATURE NJDOT APPROVAL SAMPLE WIRING-DIAGRAM NOTES.
Fiber optic wiring schematic diagram. Light shining in one end from a source of illumination like an LED or a laser travels down the fiber optic strand and emerges at the other end. All CCTV camera interface surge. 1 All connections are via AWG 14 solid copper wire unless otherwise noted.
Please feel free to open a chat or call 1-800-537-2296 302-894-0699 with any questions. Optics Drawing Examples The following chemical equation examples are created using Edraw and included as part of the software installation. For gigabits and beyond gigabits transmission of data the fiber optic communication is the ideal choice.
Wiring Diagram Book A1 15 B1 B2 16 18 B3 A2 B1 B3 15 Supply voltage 16 18 L M H 2 Levels B2 L1 F U 1 460 V F U 2 L2 L3 GND H1 H3 H2 H4 F U 3 X1A F U 4 F U 5 X2A R Power On Optional X1 X2115 V 230 V H1 H3 H2 H4 Optional Connection Electrostatically Shielded Transformer F U 6 OFF ON M L1 L2 1 2 STOP OL M START 3 START START FIBER OPTIC. The function of adding various diagrams into the chart or graph takes this template well outstand the among spreadsheets. Fiber optics which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers.
Wiring diagrams do not show the operating mechanism since it is not electrically controlled. Diagram xxxx shows how switches are connected to each other via two 100 mbps links. Blue wire is used for 24VAC connections.
As the amount of internet traffic in an area increases dark fibers can simply be turned on to provide additional capacity rather than having to dig up the cables and lay bigger ones. 4375 Interface To Next Stations 6 430 Central Exchange 4 4375 Interface 8 3 Power Supplys 4380 Fiber Optic Transceiver Fiber Optic. By Anna Messie On February 25 2021 In Wiring Diagram 195 views Fiber Optic Matv Diagram 417 5 162 votes Top Suggestions Fiber Optic Matv Diagram.
Station to Exchange Via Fiber Optic Line Notes 1. Fiber-optic cables are also sometimes installed with what is known as dark fiber Dark fiber is extra fibers in the cable that arent initially used. Fiber Optic Transceiver International Fiber Systems Series D1100 or equal.
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BRAUN Ultralit® LED-Leselupe 130
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Five new magnifiers – most with LED – in different models with different lenses, incl. a magnifier display for the sales counter will be available soon.
Braun Photo Technik GmbH, a leading supplier with decades of experience in photo and presentation technique, is expanding its vast product array with the BRAUN Reading Magnifier Assortment.
Braun has been supplying quality products for photography since over 100 years. As a traditional company for optic devices and photographic accessories, BRAUN has now included a series of reading aids into its assortment.
A human’s eyesight changes over the course of a lifetime, and can be impaired through short- or farsightedness as well as other degenerative eye diseases. In some everyday cases, a pair of glasses is not enough to read fine print or small-size print in newspapers or magazines. This is where the BRAUN reading aids can be of optimal use. Aside from the display for hand-held magnifiers, BRAUN also offers reading magnifiers with built-in LED light to make viewing and reading of fine print easier. The assortment includes various magnifiers with different lens diameters, as well as different magnification factors of 2 to 5 times.
The BRAUN reading magnifiers can also be used for measure, controlling or analyzing in certain fields of work.
- 2x (main lense) / 4x (insert lense)
- 2 LEDs
- Measurements (approx.)
- 265 x 130 x 20 mm
- 225 g
- Scope of Delivery
- Ultralit® LED Reading Magnifier, 2x AA batteries, hard case, cleaning cloth
- EAN Code
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ISO 9001-2015 認證
Please reserve 30-60 minutes for demonstration and customizing process.
Once the desired magnification, along with the lenses, frame, and color is selected, our professional consultants will take all working measurement data on the spot. Our US factory will compile these data and analyze them to recommend the most accurate and comfortable match for you.
Once we have sent all working measurement data to our US factory, we can finish your customized Q-Optics Loupes in 25 working days (excluding holidays).


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It's great for downloading or streaming movies, TV shows and music. You can watch iPlayer with less interruption and HD video with less buffering. You'll also need Fibre 1 to be able to get our TV Entertainment package, which includes 20 premium entertainment channels.
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Helix 6-24x50 SFP EHR-1C MOA
Element OpticsOut of stock
We can ship to virtually any address in the United States and some US Territorries.
The Element Optics Helix 6-24x50 FFP MOA scope gives you the options you need at a surprisingly affordable price considering what you get. Built for fast shooting in intense situations, it gives you the cutting edge technology you expect from Element, including durable turrets, fully multicoated glass for a clear sight picture, and a reticle packed with useful features.
The APR MOA reticle was designed for all purpose shooting by Matt Dubber, and it gives you plenty of features intended for distance shooting and fast focusing. It's an FFP reticle (first focal plane), so you get accurate readings at any magnification, and it has 1/4, 1, 2, and 4 MOA dots and lines, and a Christmas tree holdover portion at the bottom to increase your long range accuracy, with plenty of markings for when you don't have time to dial an adjustment.
This scope gives you side focus without parallax from 10 yards to infinity, a removable magnification throw lever, and 3.7" to 4" of eye relief. The lenses give you a crisp picture under different weather and light conditions because they're waterproof, nitrogen purged, fogproof, and shockproof.
The turrets hold up to repeated adjustments better than competing scopes because they use stainless steel components on the inside, so they won't wear down after long use like those made with more fragile metals. You can adjust them without tools, they have a hard mechanical zero stop, are resettable, and have a windage range of 40 MOA and an elevation range of 65 MOA, and they adjust 15 MOA per turn, in 1/4 MOA clicks.
If you want a scope with a sophisticated reticle designed to take your shooting to the next level.
Element Optics Helix 6-24x50 FFP, APR-2D MOA Reticle Features:


Export 2 results:[ Author] Title Type Year
Filters: First Letter Of Last Name is W and Author is Westphall, Michael S. [Clear All Filters]
High-speed automated DNA sequencing utilizing from-the-side laser excitation. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2386:45-54.. 1995.
Mass spectrometry of acoustically levitated droplets. Analytical Chemistry. 80:5847-5853.. 2008.


Buy Canon EOS 1500D Kit (EF S18-55 IS II) offline in Udaipur or order Online
For best price Call or whatsapp @ 9829789277
All camera users, even beginners, will be able to capture amazing images and movies with this DSLR camera, which is equipped with a 24.1megapixel APS-C-size CMOS sensor and an optical viewfinder for an authentic DSLR shooting experience. Capturing sharp images is easy thanks to the fast, accurate AF and the large grip that provides a firm, steady hold on the camera. Built-in Wi-Fi / NFC connectivity enables the seamless upload of photos and videos to social media.


32mm Baader Plossl – An Premium Experience
Exceptional quality, wide-view eyepiece without surprises. The build quality of these eyepieces are second to none, and you will be impressed with the quality for such a low price.
HT-MC-coated – Parfocal eyepieces with a very high transmission, very good contrast and thus a very clear field of view, free of distortions. The multi-coating eliminates almost all internal reflections. The eyepieces provide 50° apparent field (6/10/18mm Ortho), sharp field stops and excellent ergonomics for comfortable observing.
Classic optical design of orthoscopic eyepieces
The lens assembly consists of a triplet-element and one plano-convex eye lens, so there are only four glass-air-surfaces. The interior has been blackened for a very good suppression of stray light. Of course, the hard anodised barrel has got a filter thread.
Looking into the eyepieces, you’ll see the effect of the anti-relex-coating and the blackened lens edges. The coating is so good that it seems like there are no lenses at all! On our optical bench, we couldn’t find any disadvantages compared to so-called “planetary eyepieces” which cost five times more.
The eyepieces use the same glasses and the same optical design as the old orthoscopic Zeiss Jena eyepieces.
The 32mm-Plössl-eyepiece is the perfect eyepiece for a large field of view at telescopes with 1,25″-focuser; eyepieces with longer focal lengths don’t provide a larger field of view (but a smaller apparent field).
FOCAL LENGTH 32 mm
APPARENT FIELD OF VIEW 50°
EYE RELIEF (MM) 21 mm
AR-COATING High transmission multi-coated (HT-MC)
PARFOCAL EYEPIECES Yes
BARREL SIZE (IN) 1¼”
OPTICAL DESIGN Ploessl
SPECIALITY Eyepiece projection: afocal
FIELD STOP DIAMETER 26 mm
NUMBER OF LENS ELEMENTS 4
NUMBER OF GROUPS 2
SLIP PROTECT SAFETY Classic Undercut
EYEPIECE BODY ABOVE REFERENCE PLANE (MM) 54,8 mm
LENGTH OF 1¼” BARREL (MM) 24 mm
OUTER DIAMETER 34,8 mm
DUSTCAPS 1¼” dustcap (31,8mm)
EYECUPS winged eyecup (1¼”)
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES Q-Turret Eyepiece Revolver
“Great eyepiece. Excellent optics, Nice clear view. Perfect for a finder and star hopping eyepiece.” Jeffery
“The Baader 32mm has better contrast than the GSO equivalent. The field stop has a wide range of focus. If you want a wider field, you can thread out the field stop, and the Baader will have as wide a field as other Plössls. I left the field stop in place with mine, as it makes for more comfortable viewing.” – Peter
“Lightweight,Quality Lenses,Compact,Strong Construction,Easy to Use” Steve
Astro Has Lots of Other Astronomy Accessories Your Looking For – See Our Best Sellers Below
With Fast Shipping On Every Item, Discount Vouchers and 30 day returns, Why Not?
|Dimensions||18 × 18 × 10 cm|
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Optoma Launches Affordable 4K Laser Projector TV D2 Series : Rashtra News
Expanding its advanced yet affordable projector range, Optoma world’s No.1 DLP projector brand and a leading designer of projection products unveiled the long lasting 4K UHD ultra short throw laser home projector D2 series in the India market.
Optoma Launches Affordable 4K Laser Projector TV D2 Series
The newly launched D2 range is equipped with wide angle lens which provide clear and bright image to enhance visual experience. D2, an affordable 4K Laser TV comes with an ultra-shot throw feature to create 85 inch to 120-inch screen size from a distance of few inches. It offers easy set-up, high brightness, enhanced gaming, and fine home cinema experience. Its bright 3000lm and stable brightness output, 1,800,000:1 frame by frame dynamic contrast, HDR 10/HLG compatibility provide unmatchable viewing experience. D2 series come in White and Black colour form factor.Putting more light on D2 series, Mr. Vijay Sharma, Country Head, Optoma India said, “We are committed to India market and therefore we came up with advanced tech based D2 series which will enhance the home cinema experience to the next level. Our new series with 4K UHD ultra-short throw is embedded with smart features like easy set-up, high brightness and stable brightness output at affordable cost to target the mid-level customers in the metros and tier 2 cities as well.”
The Laser Technology helps in Increased efficiency to maintain consistent brightness, superior color performance, Instant on/off and an extraordinary life span of up to 30,000 hours (Eco mode). As a part of home entertainment range these projectors sync with 3D display in all forms. Also, the new projectors come with enhanced audio return channel to provide in depth audio details which enhances the home cinema experience.
Mr. Gordan Wu, APAC Head, Optoma Corporation said, “This 4K UHD long lasting ultra-shot throw home projector is apt for home cinema. With its smart feature it also provides ultimate gaming experience too. With its advanced tech based features this projector series is also easy to install with quality image.”
Additional specifications across all three projectors include
Resolution: 4K UHD (3,840 * 2,160)
Brightness: 3000 Lumens
Image size (inch): 2.16m ~ 3.05m (85″ ~ 120″) diagonal
Display Colors: 1.07 billion
Speaker: 2* 10W
Throw ratio: 0.25:1
Zoom type: Fixed
Light Source Life: 30,000 (Eco mode)