2 Aspects Individuals Do Certainly Not Have Information About LASIK Eye TreatmentsThe eye can be analyzed with relative ease regarding both its function and its structure. A functional evaluation consists of the capability to relocate the orbit and the reaction of the pupil to light and accommodation.
The function of the eye may be evaluated in numerous methods. The patient might be asked to determine illuminated letter or things of varying sizes on what is called the Snellen chart.
Alternatively, the examination of the structural part of the eye might be made in numerous ways. Tension within the eyeball is determined by a "tonometer." In specific illness, especially in glaucoma, the stress in the eyeball is increased noticeably.
It ought to be well remembered that a client with an eye issue might have other issues. Often other physical conditions are primary and impact the eye as a effect. The appearance of the eye can inform the physician and the patient to troubles in some disturbances of other parts of the body even prior to other signs present themselves.
Consequently, one's reliance on sight is highlighted when one faces a possible or short-lived permanent loss of this essential sense. When restorative steps are looked for, certain kinds of vision correction such as contact lenses or eyeglasses are recommended.
On the other hand, some people are troubled with that they have some framed lenses or contact lenses in front of their eyes.
For this reason, advanced surgical operations were developed to encourage decreased usage of contact lenses or glasses. One of which is the now popular LASIK eye surgical treatment.
Generally, LASIK eye surgery is the short-term for "Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis." Like its concrete equivalent, LASIK eye surgery is another kind of vision correction. The only difference is that with this kind of surgery, one's vision is fixed completely.
With LASIK eye surgical treatment, the refractive mistakes in the cornea are permanently transformed. This can be done utilizing an "excimer laser."
The main purpose of this surgery is to produce a threadlike, rounded "flap" in the cornea using a blade called "microkeratome." In a series of unfolding and laser processing, the cornea is finally reformed, enabling much better the eye to direct more light into the retina.
Appeal vs. Disadvantages
In the middle of the growing popularity of LASIK eye surgical treatment, there are still disadvantages that individuals need to understand. Most likely, the main reason why this kind of eye surgical treatment has actually ended up being well accepted is because most of its cases had been effective.
However, in spite of its success, there are still some downsides. Here is the list:
1. It is an operation applied to the most delicate part of the eye
Because LASIK eye surgery includes the operation of the retina, which is among the most delicate portions of the eye, most individuals state that the operation can be extremely pop over to these guys risky.
In other words, a simple mistake could almost trigger an individual's lifetime loss of sight. For this reason, it is essential to consider lots of elements prior to choosing whether LASIK eye surgery is the right restorative step one needs to go through. More about the author
2. It is not a perfect treatment
LASIK eye surgical treatment might remedy your vision however it does not always suggest that it can offer you a perfect vision. Even if statistical reports reveal that 70% of the clients might have 20/20 vision, this does not always mean they have ideal vision also.
Offered all these things, it can be deduced that, in spite of the appeal of the operation, LASIK might not constantly be the perfect eye surgical treatment the method many people see it
Alternatively, the assessment of the structural part of the eye may be made in several methods. It needs to be well remembered that a client with an eye issue might have other problems. Often other physical conditions are main and impact the eye as a repercussion. The appearance of the eye can alert the patient and the physician to troubles in some disturbances of other parts of the body even prior to other signs present themselves.
Like its concrete equivalent, LASIK eye surgery is another form of vision correction.


Wrap around style glasses fir me best, and these are no exception. They aren't dark enough for all day work outside, but they're a good solution if you constantly switch between working indoors and outdoors. The foam gasket on the sides could be a little bit further back, it obstructs my vision just a little.
$2.38/EachShips free with Plus
- Anti-scratch coating helps maintain clarity
- Single, wrap-around indoor / outdoor lens for sleek look
- Integrated nose piece provides a comfortable fit
- Soft polyurethane foam sealing lining the top of each polycarbonate lens
- Spatula-style temple design
- 99.9% ultraviolet light protection
- Meets or exceeds ANSI Z87.1+ standards
- Ideal for use in framing, insulation installation, duct work, and painting
Cordova Safety Products EHB50-FST Specs
- Shipping Weight
- 0.07 lb.
- One Size Fits Most
- Safety Glasses
Cordova Safety Products EHB50-FST Details
These stylish safety glasses are ideal for use in framing, insulation installation, duct work, and painting. Boasting a scratch-resistant material, these glasses provide clear vision no matter what the task. With a soft polyurethane foam sealing lining the top of each lens, these one-size-fits-all glasses effortlessly prevent debris from entering the eye area when working overhead.
Each pair features a single wrap-around lens that blocks out 99.9% ultraviolet light, making it perfect for both indoor or outdoor use. The polycarbonate lens is held in place by a black frame with spatula-style temple design for a snug fit around your ears. An integrated nose piece is included with each pair of these modern safety glasses for superior comfort during wear. Additionally, these glasses meet ANSI Z87.1+ standards to ensure that your employees are well protected.
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Cordova Safety Products EHB50-FST
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People Talk About:glasses eyes great safety wear eye lenses outside protection working
Worth the extra price. Having indoor/outdoor lens mean the people working in the field for our construction business are more likely to wear them. Very pleased with this purchase!
These are great safety glasses. The are perfect for outdoor use as they filter over 99% of uv rays. The are very comfortable to wear
If you are doing any work that your eyes may be at risk it is important to wear some type of eye protection. The lenses on these safety glasses feature scratch resistant technology and they offer 99.9% ultraviolet light protection.
Great to have for dusty areas or working with anything that might irritate eyes and also do have uv so work for sunglasses, though not dark enough to take care of all the glare from sun. Excellent shape and design and looks really cool and still does work.
This safety glasses does the job indoor and outdoor for overhead work. It has good quality and im happy to find this product in webstaurantstore
These are neat I really like them they're great for when you're doing cleaning going from back-and-forth from inside to outside can't go wrong with the price
Great economical safety glasses that are comfortable to wear and fits nice with a foam strip above eye area. The are is not real wide but may do the job for small faced people.
This protection glasses are veri light and the looks is nice. The internal coverage is soft and the lenses are anti fog. You can see well in and outside.
I love this style of protective eye glasses! I use them all the time when I do personal ice carvings! They protect my eyes from flying shards of ice!! Stay in place for hours!!
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1.Waterproof combination of aquarium lights which is independently developed by our company produced a new generation of aquarium lights, is the latest generation product which can truly achieve the industrial product standards
2.New lights can replace 3-5 times power of high-pressure sodium light
1. Use high efficient 1w LED as the light source, Based on 112x1W high power LEDs.
2. Wide beam angle: 120 degree
3. Unique heat dissipation device: thermostatically controlled fans to keep LED light cool.
4. Built-in CE approval Power supply, plug and play
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2 Facts You Do Not Understand About LASIK Eye Surgical TreatmentsThe eye can be analyzed with relative ease as to both its function and its structure. A functional examination consists of the ability to relocate the orbit and the reaction of the pupil to light and accommodation.
The function of the eye might be tested in several methods. The client might be asked to identify illuminated letter or objects of varying sizes on what is known as the Snellen chart.
On the other hand, the assessment of the structural part of the eye might be made in several ways. Tension within the eyeball is measured by a "tonometer." In certain illness, particularly in glaucoma, the stress in the eyeball is increased significantly.
However, it must be well bore in mind that a client with an eye issue might have other issues also. Typically other physical conditions are main and impact the eye as a repercussion. The look of the eye can inform the patient and the physician to difficulties in some disturbances of other parts of the body even prior to other signs present themselves.
Subsequently, one's dependence on sight is emphasized when one deals with a possible or momentary long-term loss of this crucial sense. For this reason, when corrective procedures are looked for, certain types of vision correction such as contact lenses or spectacles are recommended.
On the other hand, some individuals are bothered with that they have actually some framed lenses or contact lenses in front of their eyes.
For this reason, advanced surgical operations were developed to encourage decreased usage of contact lenses or glasses. Among which is the now popular LASIK eye surgery.
Essentially, LASIK eye surgery is the short-term for "Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis." Like its tangible counterpart, LASIK eye surgical treatment is another form of vision correction. The only difference is that with this kind of surgical treatment, one's vision is remedied completely.
With LASIK eye surgical treatment, the refractive mistakes in important link the cornea are permanently changed. This can be done utilizing an "excimer laser."
The main function of this surgery is to develop a threadlike, rounded "flap" in the cornea using a blade called "microkeratome." In a series of unfolding and laser processing, the cornea is finally reformed, enabling better the eye to direct more light into the retina.
Popularity vs. Disadvantages
In the middle of the growing popularity of LASIK eye surgical treatment, there are still disadvantages that people must understand. Probably, the main reason why this kind of eye surgery has actually ended up being well accepted is because many of its cases had actually been successful.
In spite of its success, there are still some disadvantages. Here is the list:
1. It is an operation applied to the most delicate part of the eye
Due to the fact that LASIK eye surgical treatment includes the operation discover this info here of the retina, which is among the most delicate parts of the eye, the majority of people state that the operation can be go to these guys extremely risky.
In other words, a simple error could practically trigger an individual's life time blindness. Hence, it is crucial to think about lots of aspects before deciding whether LASIK eye surgery is the best corrective measure one needs to undergo.
2. It is not a ideal treatment
LASIK eye surgery may fix your vision however it does not always suggest that it can offer you a twenty-twenty. Even if statistical reports show that 70% of the patients may have 20/20 vision, this does not necessarily imply they have perfect vision also.
Provided all these things, it can be deduced that, in spite of the popularity of the operation, LASIK might not always be the perfect eye surgical treatment the method the majority of people see it
On the other hand, the assessment of the structural part of the eye might be made in numerous methods. It must be well remembered that a client with an eye issue may have other issues. Frequently other physical conditions are primary and affect the eye as a repercussion. The look of the eye can signal the doctor and the patient to troubles in some disruptions of other parts of the body even before other symptoms provide themselves.
Like its tangible counterpart, LASIK eye surgical treatment is another kind of vision correction.


5 g/L YE broth at 1.9 ml/min (residence time 185 m). A diagram of
the CDC reactor system as it was used for this study is available from the manufacturer at http://www.biosurfacetechnologies.com. After 24 h of culture under these conditions, one coupon holders was again replaced Small molecule library nmr aseptically, and examined by epifluorescence microscopy. After 48 h of continuous culture, all remaining biofilm coupons were removed and examined by epifluorescence microscopy. Viability Staining The biofilms on disks in batch culture were examined by epifluorescence microscopy using the BacLight viability staining kit (L-7012, Invitrogen). Staining was performed by covering the inward face of the glass coupon in the stain mix in a sterile 12 well plate, and washing with sterile water after the appropriate time. Five minutes with a
concentrated stain mix (1.5 μl of each stain per ml) was found to be sufficient. Stained glass coupons were mounted on cleaned glass slides, and observed by epifluorescence microscopy using an Axioplan 2 microscope (Carl Zeiss, NY) equipped with appropriate filter sets (41002, 41017, Chroma Technologies), and an Xcite-120 illuminator (Exfo Life Sciences, Ontario, Canada). Images were captured using an SBIG 1402-XME (Santa Barbara Instruments, Santa Barbara, CA mounted on a 1× EVP4593 supplier c-mount adapter, with a 0.2 second exposure. The monochrome images were captured using the CCDops software supplied with the camera. Captured images were merged using ImageJ http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/. The camera ccd was cooled maximally for all fluorescence imaging (20°C below ambient). Whole image contrast and brightness enhancement was used to optimize for publication only. Visible light
imaging Still images from swarming plates and time lapse Ruboxistaurin clinical trial movies were captured with a CoolSnapFX (Roper Scientific) cooled ccd camera using ImagePro MC Express on a Zeiss Axioplan 2. Biofilms were examined using 1% Crystal Violet as a simple stain. Color images were captured using a Kodak DC290 digital camera, using the Kodak image capture software provided. Macroscopic colony images and wetting Silibinin agent images were collected using a Fuji FinePix 5700 digital camera. Colonies were photographed using a black velvet cloth to damp reflection. To capture images of the wetting agent, the plate was illuminated using diffuse reflected light, and angled to capture the refractive quality of the layer. For all microscopy, calibration images were captured with all microscope lenses of a stage micrometer, and Image J was used for measurement and scaling. Results Swarming motility Our laboratory developed a swarming agar plate based on previous growth and swarming experiments in V. paradoxus and P aeruginosa. Our swarming agar used for initial studies used 0.5% agarose to solidify the plate, the freshwater media (FW) base previously used by Leadbetter and Greenberg , with 0.2% glucose as a carbon source. Previous work in P.


We are a leading infrared (IR) thermometer technology providing Company in India. Our elegantly designed digital infrared thermometers are extensively used in repair and maintenance services, industrial applications, research works, HVAC, and construction works. Ever since COVID-19 attacked the entire world, IR thermometers are now also being used for contactless checking, a body temperature of people entering in offices or any other workplaces and public places. Our huge range of IT thermometers provides people options, to choose a variety of models for taking a variety of temperature ranges.
A digital IR thermometer gun unit has an LCD screen, processing unit, optical unit, and temperature sensor signal amplifier unit. An optical unit captures, Infrared energy that is focused on the sensor, which then translates energy into an electric signal. This signal is shown on the LCD as a digital temperature.
An infrared Thermometer is a compact unit used for measuring, the surface temperature of any object from a safe distance. Having an appearance similar to a gun, these are extensively used for measuring the surface temperature of hazardous, hot, or hard-to-reach objects. Also known as a laser thermometer or non-contact infrared thermometer, it uses thermal radiation emitted by an object for determining the surface temperature


Reservdel Light Sensor NS060-5A
The NovaStar NS060 light sensor allows you to monitor and automatically control the brightness of your LED display.
In conjunction with the corresponding hardware (see Features), the sensor measures the ambient brightness and controls the brightness of the LED display by means of the individually adaptable programming. Has from 2018 replaced the older light sensor model.
Cable length: 5 meters – can be extended up to 100 meters
Compatible with NovaStar MSD300, MSD600, MCTRL300,MCTRL600, PSD100 and MFN300.
Operating voltage: 5 Volt
Working temperature: -20° to 75°
Brightness control range: 0 – 65635 Lux


Here’s a fun little product. This new Russian-made camera is pretty much designed around a gun. If you know anything about photography, you’d know that when shooting with a very long telephoto lens (used to flatten the image), it can be very difficult to keep the camera steady. So, this Camera design uses the same technology that a sniper would use to keep his gun completely steady. It’s a very rugged, cool looking camera that seems a lot more lethal than it is.
Click here to view the website


LCD/DLP image output via HDMI
Allow customization in display area and grid numbers
Automatic mask generation
4x interpolation on the measuring data
4x measuring grid resolution
Can be Gaussian blurred into fully resolution mask profiles without pixelization
Our patent pending software controls the display to show patterns that from 0-255 brightness for each grid. Then the software will take all the data (255 x the number of the total grids) into account, and use advanced machine learning algorithm to find the best possible mask profile for your printer.
In this way, the MaskCreator can compensate the differences in light output no matter it's from the light source, the display panel, light path or the video board/driver.
We have also designed the patterns in a way that only the sensor is exposed to the UV light, not you.
Fully Normalized Light Output
what is mask?
A mask is a digital gray scale image layer created by measuring every spot of the light output on the LCD panel.
Figure 1. Design diagram of XAYAV MODEL V
The light output, without a mask, is not uniform across the entire LCD panel during printing. Figure 2 shows an example of how the light out looks like. The higher the value means the brighter the light output. Figure 3 shows a 2D version of the same light output profile as Figure 2.
Figure 2. An example of un-masked light output. Figure 3. 2D version of the same light output.
Why does a mask necessary?
A nonuniform light output means you do not have the same UV intensity across the entire LCD panel. Normally, for a MODEL V, the center of the LCD is brighter than the edge area. The difference sometimes can be as high as 25%. If you are printing something fairly large, it means either there is part of your print are over-cured or under-cured. Over-curing usually causes loss of details and Under-curing usually will lead to printing failures.
With a mask image layer displayed on the LCD together with your printing images, the light output can be close to 100% uniform if the mask is properly made. Figure 4 shows the comparison between a properly-masked print sample and un-masked print sample. Printing without a mask on MODEL V is tested to be just fine if you are not looking for an absolutely perfect print. A lot of our print sample is printed un-masked. However, a mask is always recommended to ensure the best printing quality possible.
Figure 4. An example of a masked print sample (on the left) and un-masked print sample (on the right).
The tests are not preformed on a XAYAV 3D printer.
How do I use a mask profile?
You can download our pre-configured universal mask profile for Creation Workshop and NanoDLP in the DOWNLOAD page. Visit our TUTORIAL pages to learn how to configure the mask profile on Creation Workshop and NanoDLP.
NOTE that each printer can be slightly different due to certain manufacturing processes. This Mask profile should provide at least 90% uniformity on all MODEL V printers.
How do I make a PERFECT mask profile for my printer?
You can use XAYAV MaskCreator and its software to make a custom mask profile for your printer. MaskCreator uses a LDR sensor to measure the UV output from your LCD and send the data to its software to create the mask profile. MaskCreator software also allows you to import png. printing files and overlay the mask profile to them. So you can create masked printing files with if you are using printing software other than Creation Workshop or NanoDLP.
You can also use XAYAV MaskCreator to create your custom mask profile for other DLP and LCD 3D printers. You can make your own measuring grid for your printer and MaskCreator software will generate a mask profile based on your printer's specification.
Can I use the MaskCreator on printers other than MODEL V?
You can use XAYAV MaskCreator to create your custom mask profile for other DLP and LCD 3D printers. You can make your own measuring grid for your printer and MaskCreator software will generate a mask profile based on your printer's specification.
When and how often should I re-measure the mask profile?
It is recommended to re-measure the mask profile when you have replaced, moved or repaired the image displaying unit (DLP unit or LCD panel), the UV source, the UV light guide (such as light hood, optical fiber, optical guide interfaces) or any other parts that may cause changes to the light output. It is also recommended to re-measure the mask profile every 500 hours of printing time as the UV light source and the LCD panel may have noticeable aging effect.
Special thanks to Will Kostelecky, Johnson Yeh and Ralf Rollmann.


While Nikon’s legacy macro lenses would continue to work with the FTZ adapter in the Z system, the new lenses mark another step in Nikon’s promise to offer a broader range of lenses with native functionality in its mirrorless systems. Nikon designed this new lens to be a small, lightweight and compact everyday lens that can be used with Nikon Z full-frame or APS-C mirrorless systems.
Although it is a macro lens, the $ 650 Nikon 50mm f / 2.8 it offers a focal length that makes it a lens that can double-duty, both as a standard lens and as a close-up lens.
50mm is much wider than the standard 100mm or more normally seen in macro lenses and thus frees this lens from the niche of macro-only work. Therefore, the 50mm f / 2.8 is quite diverse in its functionality and is suitable for both portraits and street photography, for example. But on the other side of the coin, users will note that it lacks some key features compared to the 105mm sibling, most notably the lack of Vibration Reduction (VR) and no specialty. ARNEO coating.
The question is, does that matter?
Build quality and design
The Nikon Z 50mm f / 2.8 macro lens is the smallest and most affordable lens in the duo of macro optics released this summer. While the 50mm “wide” focal length gives users more flexibility as a walking lens, it also means that users will have to get much closer to their subjects to get the true macro shots. The advantage of the focal range is that it will be much easier to get handheld shots without having to worry about camera shake and blur, at least in well-lit situations.
The 50mm lens is about half the size and weighs less than half that of its 105mm sibling, making it really compact and travel-friendly. Something that keen eyes may immediately notice is that the 50mm lacks the S-line designation that the higher-end lenses of Nikon’s mirrorless lenses have. This lighter plastic body also makes the lens feel “less”.
Even though the lens is rated as dust and weather resistant, due to its very small size and mostly plastic exterior, it feels almost like a toy lens rather than something designed to capture incredibly sharp professional images and detailed. Perhaps this means that it becomes a better “everyday” lens, as it will be less likely to stand out during travel.
Like most newer Z-mount lenses, the focus ring can be programmed to control additional settings such as ISO and exposure compensation when using the AF mode.
The last feature worth noting here is that, unlike most modern macro lenses with internal focusing mechanisms, the Nikon Z 50mm f / 2.8 Macro uses a more traditional extendable internal barrel system. The upside to this design element is that it allows the lens to be smaller when the feature is not in use, making it more compact for storage and travel. The downside is, of course, that you have a physically stretching piece that can change your weight distribution.
Focus and openness
I found myself dealing with a shorter “working” distance than other macro lenses to get the true 1: 1 macro shots, and when shooting at the 1: 1 focus distance, the maximum aperture was f / 5.6 instead of f / 2.8. While the aperture was a bit surprising, the big point of frustration for me with this lens was the fact that I had to get incredibly close to the subjects for 1: 1 shots. So much so that it was very difficult to frame a photo without blocking. the light and casting a shadow or getting too close to the little insects he was trying to capture that would inadvertently scare him.
The autofocus works quite accurately, especially when shooting video. However, when shooting closely for 1: 1 shots, it is important to turn the switch on the focus limiter on the side of the lens, otherwise there will be a very noticeable lag and focus breath present while making adjustments. autofocus.
After many tests, I found that the maximum sharpness was between the range of f / 4 to f / 5.6 with my images. I was surprised to find that the lens was getting a little softer starting at f / 8.
The Nikon Z MC 50mm f / 2.8 might not have the added nanocrystal or ARNEO coatings like its 105mm sister, but that doesn’t mean the images produced by it are bad by any stretch of the imagination.
Shooting at 1: 1, the depth of field is very skinny, which was something I personally had to get used to, but I have found it visually interesting and a lot of fun to play. That thin plane of focus aside, once in focus is in, virtually edge-to-edge it’s sharp.
The great thing about this lens is that it is also a very nice lens to wander around. I found that while photographing it as a “normal” lens it was quite easy to get incredibly sharp images at f / 2.8 with only small vignettes in the far corners. In that regard, I can see a lot of positives about using this lens as I would any 50mm lens and be happy with the results.
Below are some sample images captured with the Nikon Z 50mm f / 2.8 Macro:
Introduction to macro photography
For photographers who are interested in macro images but are not prepared to invest heavily in niche lenses, this is a great first step in the field. The Nikon Z MC 50mm f / 2.8 Macro lens is capable of being an everyday generalist lens for landscape, street and portrait work, as well as capturing fantastic macro images, which means it can adapt to a variety of situations if you find that the macro is not is not your favorite topic.
However, for the macroeconomic purist, there are probably better options for you and as long as the 50mm f / 2.8 it’s nice, it has limitations.
Are there alternatives?
There is a lot of Macro DSLR lenses available to choose from, including $ 419 Nikon Micro-NIKKOR 55mm f / 2.8 lens which is possibly a better macro lens. That said, there are only a handful of macro lenses designed specifically for the Nikon Z series currently available, including the 105mm f / 2.8 VR S lens some manual Venus optics (Laowa) Macro lenses and IRIX Cine 150mm T3.0 Macro Lens for $ 1,195 which jumps significantly in price.
Should you buy it?
Yes, if macro photography is new and an interesting path for your work, then the Nikkor Z MC 50mm F / 2.8 Macro It is definitely worth the investment to start taking macro images on Nikon’s mirrorless system and you will be very happy with the results you can capture.
However, if you’ve been shooting macro images for a while and you already have a variety of macro lenses available in your kit, I’d recommend skipping the 50mm f / 2.8 macro and jumping straight to the 105mm f / 2.8 VR S macro. instead.
Reviews – PetaPixel https://ift.tt/2XQJGcN https://ift.tt/2XExift


Data used in the above publication (dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2015.7248776) can now be accessed at the Kent Academic Repository
Figure 3 – Spectrum efficiency of different algorithms in the case of varying the ratio of transmit signal power to the noise power per subcarrier with coherence bandwidth being 15kHz.
Figure 4 – Probability distribution of the number of subcarriers for one D2D pair
Figure 5 – The effect of coherence bandwidth on the spectral efficiency
Figure 6 – Probability distribution of the number of subcarriers for one D2D pair with different coherent bandwidth


Waterproof and unbreakable solar charger. Ultra thin, light and very high yield.
It incorporates 2 USB outputs as well as a Power tracker optimizing the maximum power point: 2300mA at 5V and 1000 mA at 12V for 500g.
This flat and foldable charger uses semi-flexible SunPower solar cells with very high efficiency.
2 LED indicators on the USB box optimize the sun exposure and the performance of the panel.
|Dimensions||26 x 16 x 0.1 cm|
|Output intensity||1000 - 2300 mAh|
|Color||Yellow / grey|


Dimmable 595LM LED Flat Panel Lights 8W For Restaurant Wareproof
1• The Straight down lighting solution with only 32mm thickness
2• Super high brightness with low heat
3• Low cost without light guide plate,which avoids risk of truning yellow
4• Full certificated external LED driver,Lifud or BOKE brand,FLICKER FREE is optional
5• No UV, IR and No mercury &lead
7• CE,ROHS passed, conform to TUV,GS RCM standards
|Model No.||MQG-LED-136L (S)||MQG-LED-136L (L)|
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|Carton Size (cm)||65x33x65||125x33x35|
Too few LEDs being used. Too few LEDs (generally 36 or less) means that they have to be driven at a high current to generate the light output needed. Compared with designs using more LEDs, this is less efficient (LEDs perform most efficiently with low drive currents), generates more heat, shortens the life of the LEDs and hastens the lumen depreciation.
Plastic bodies. The better back-lit panels use a metal body. This is more effective as a heat sink than a (cheaper) plastic body. LEDs generate some heat and this needs to be dissipated if their life is not to be shortened further.
Light distribution not overlapping. In a good back-lit panel each LED is individually lensed and the lenses are designed so that the light from each LED overlaps the light from its neighbours. This will produce an even lit affect and some resilience in the event that a single LED fails. Poor lens design and a low number of LEDs is likely to decrease the overlap between LEDs and increase the risk of bright and dark spots on the front of the fitting.
Are the lenses firmly fixed in position? Only time will tell, but the risk is that the heat generated by the LEDs, combined with cheap adhesive poorly applied, will cause the lenses to fall off. The result will be uneven light distribution and possibly glare too.
Built-in driver. Manufacturers can save money by building the driver into the body, but this has multiple drawbacks. It can’t be replaced in case of a problem and there will be no dimming or emergency options. It is a very inflexible approach.
The user can adjust the tension of the free-floating tilt to match their body weight. Max Weight Capacity: 150kg. Fully adjustable height with a 360-degree swivel offers a flexible range of motion. This chair can easily adjust the height of the seats according to human spine structure, providing neck, shoulder, waist, and coccyx protection for long hour sitting. The wide padded seat is covered with breathable densely woven polyester fabric that prevents dirt, dust, and food particles from settling into the fiber of this computer chair.
Contact Person: Anna


Glass lasers by Karel PaМЃtek Download PDF EPUB FB2
"LASERS is a remarkably well written book that should become the standard introductory text on laser physics." --Optical and Quantum Electronic News Glass, Ti:Sapph etc.
gain mediums to really cement what the alphas and lambdas mean in reality. The meat of the exposition is superb, as Siegman's approach is to not only explain each concept /5(22).
Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics (Springer Handbooks) - Kindle edition by Träger, Frank. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics (Springer Handbooks).5/5(1).
Additional Physical Format: Online version: Pátek, Karel. Glass lasers. London, Iliffe, (OCoLC) Document Type: Book: All Authors / Contributors. Additional Physical Format: Online version: Pátek, Karel.
Glass lasers. Cleveland, Ohio, CRC Press  (OCoLC) Document Type: Book: All Authors. The interest in Yb-sensitized Er-activated glass lasers is mostly associated with the eye efficiency and wavelength diversity, are absolutely indispensable for many applications. The Handbook of solid-state lasers reviews the key materials, processes and Glass lasers book of solid-state lasers across a wide range of fields.
before the book. Flashlamp, laser diode, mercury arc (for CW mode operation) Dermatological uses, LIDAR, laser machining. Erbium-doped and erbium–ytterbium codoped glass lasers μm Laser diode These are made in rod, plate/chip, and optical fiber form.
Erbium doped fibers are commonly used as optical amplifiers for telecommunications. This book reviews the history and the state of the art of random lasers, provides an outline of the basic models describing their behavior, and describes the recent advances in the field.
The micron lasing effect in Yb and Er co-doped glass was first observed by E. Snitzer and R. Woodcock in 1 Nevertheless for a long time the efficiency of Yb–Er glass lasers was below any practical requirements.
The fundamental studies reported by Gapontsev et al. 2 and Alekseev et al 3 showed the unique properties of phosphate glass as a host for efficient Glass lasers book by: 2. Laser Glass Cutting Techniques - A Review Article (PDF Available) in Journal of Laser Applications 25(4) June with 4, Reads How we measure 'reads'.
Chapter 4 Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modiﬁcation Matthew S. Brown and Craig B. Arnold Abstract Lasers provide the ability to accurately deliver large amounts of energy into conﬁned regions of a material in order to achieve a desired response. Electrical Engineering Introduction to Laser Technology, Third Edition Would you like to know how a laser works, and how it can be modified for your own specific tasks.
This intuitive third edition-previously published as Understanding Laser Technology, First and Second Editions-introduces engineers, scientists, technicians, and novices alike to the world of /5(2). Neodymium-doped laser glass is the preferred gain medium for use in high-peak-power lasers for fusion energy research.
The NIF laser system uses about 3, kilogram plates of laser glass. Each glass plate measures by 46 by 81 centimeters (about. CHAPTER 7. LASERS Argon and Krypton Ion Lasers Similar to the HeNe-laser the Argon ion gas laser is pumped by electric dis charge and emitts light at wavelength: nm,nm,nm,nm, nm, is used in applications ranging from retinal photother apy for diabetes, lithography, and pumping of other Size: KB.
"Lasers is a remarkably well written book that should become the standard introductory text on laser physics." Optical & Quantum Electronic NewsLasers is both a text and general reference book with an emphasis on basic laser principles and theory. It gives a complete, detailed and accurate treatment of laser physics, building only on classical models, without requiring a /5(14).
Internal glass marking uses nm (Nd:YVO4) or ultrashort lasers. Their small spot sizes have high energy density and absorption rates that can mark precise locations within the glass.
By changing the Z height and scanning in the X and Y axes, you can even mark 3D. A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic term "laser" originated as an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation".
The first laser was built in by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles.
Depending on the composition and the requirements e.g. concerning the cutting edge quality, we offer different lasers for glass cutting. When producing sensitive components which often require the cutting of flexible thin-glass or light and high-strength glass e.g.
within the electronic industry, the SmartCleave TM FI process is the right choice. Part of book: Modern Electron Microscopy in Physical and Life Sciences. Effects of Different Laser Pulse Regimes (Nanosecond, Picosecond and Femtosecond) on the Ablation of Materials for Production of Nanoparticles in Liquid Solution.
By Abubaker Hassan Hamad. Part of book: High Energy and Short Pulse Lasers. With a CO 2 laser engraver, you can use a variety of laser processing techniques on flat materials including mirrors or window glass, round workpieces such as wine glasses or champagne flutes, and even bottles and other cylinder nsive, cast glasses adapt well to laser technology because they typically offer a lower lead content as well as a more homogeneous Home Country: en-US.
You searched for: laser engraved book. Etsy is the home to thousands of handmade, vintage, and one-of-a-kind products and gifts related to your search.
No matter what you’re looking for or where you are in the world, our global marketplace of sellers can help you find unique and affordable options. Let’s get started. Online Library Glass Lasers Glass Lasers If you ally need such a referred glass lasers ebook that will give you worth, get the entirely best seller from us currently from several preferred authors.
If you want to witty books, lots of novels, tale, jokes, and more fictions collections are plus launched, from best seller to one of the most. Glass breaks.
Apple has once again made the back glass on their new iPhone 11 and iPhone 11 Pro permanent. Apple charges to dollars to replace the glass back on their new iPhones.
The interest in Yb-sensitized Er-activated glass lasers is mostly associated with the eye-safety of their wavelength (λ ~μm) corresponding to 4I13/2 - 4I15/2 Er3+ ion transition.
2 Fiber Laser Industrial Etching & Marking e-Book Introduction In the fiber laser (and also most YAG lasers these days and YVO lasers) the external energy source is a laser diode The electrons in the medium don’t really want to store the external energy they’ve clear glass, clear acrylic, leather and fabrics all tend to be.
Tellurite glass has emerged as a promising material for use in microsphere resonators in the near infrared wavelength region and tellurite glass microsphere lasers have been widely reported. InSasagawa et al.
reported continuous-wave oscillation in an Nd 3+ -doped tellurite glass microsphere laser at μm for the first time [ 96 ]. laser cut glass can typically withstand two to three times as much force as mechanically cut glass.
Figure 1. Comparison of mechanically cut (left) and laser cut (right) glass. The mechanically cut glass shows significant residual stress, and substantial debris from the cutting.
This book evolved from a series of courses developed by the author and taught in the areas of lasers and photonics. This thoroughly classroom-tested work fills a unique need for students, instructors, and industry professionals in search of an introductory-level book that covers a wide range of topics in these areas.
Booze & Lasers Book Club meets on the third Monday of every month to discuss a science fiction or fantasy book. The bar at Raconteur crafts a custom cocktail (and mocktail) based on the book, so grab a glass and join us for a lively literary discussion.
All monthly book club titles are discounted 20% for the month prior to the book club meeting. Chapter Erbium (Er) glass lasers. Abstract: Introduction. Flashlamp pumped erbium (Er) glass lasers. Laser diode (LD) pumped erbium (Er) glass lasers.
Means of Q-switching for erbium (Er) glass lasers. Applications of erbium (Er) glass lasers. Crystal lasers emitting at about microns: advantages and drawbacks. Various papers on modeling and simulation of laser systems are presented. Individual topics addressed include: simulations of FELs, three-dimensional nonlinear simulation of the FEL, modeling of induction-linac-based FEL amplifiers, simulation codes for modeling FEL oscillators, FELs using stable-unstable ring resonators, computational analysis of Raman look-through.
Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y 3 Al 5 O 12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state dopant, triply ionized neodymium, Nd(III), typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in the host crystal structure of the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), since the two ions are of similar size.
It is the neodymium ion which .Join us in a discussion on November's book, Exit West by Mohsin Hamid on Monday, November 18 at 7pm.
Drink specials are available from Raconteur during book clubs and author readings, so grab a glass and join us for a lively literary discussion. Every month our selected titles are discounted 20% through the date of the book club.
All are welcome, no purchase required.K9 glass, sometimes referred to as K9 crystal, is a variety of optical borosilicate crown letter "K" is a reference to the German word for "crown" (Krone) and the number 9 refers to the lead content of the glass (9%).K9 glass has high optical clarity, and is used in many contexts requiring this characteristic.


+61 3 9584 6482
Genius Laser Technology Pty Ltd
Factory 6, 63-65 Voltri Street
Cheltenham VIC 3192 Australia
Discover our extraordinary GENLAS range of RGB laser projectors, meticulously built right here in Australia using top-quality parts sourced from both local suppliers and around the world. These projectors incorporate the latest advancements in high-powered diode laser technology, ensuring exceptional performance and stunning visual effects.
With GENLAS laser projectors, you can unleash a world of possibilities. Experience breathtaking full-color RGB atmospheric effects that will leave your audience in awe. Create sharp text, logos, graphics, and captivating animations that bring your vision to life.
Every GENLAS laser projector is equipped with Pangolin FB4 hardware, providing you with unparalleled flexibility in laser control. Seamlessly integrate your lasers with Pangolin Quickshow, Pangolin Beyond, Artnet, DMX 512, or use standalone modes to suit your specific needs.
Rest assured that we stand by the quality and reliability of GENLAS lasers, as we utilize them in all our own productions. From indoor venues to challenging outdoor environments, GENLAS lasers prove their capability time and time again.
Modes of operation:
As proud manufacturers based in Australia, we continually evolve our designs and incorporate new add-ons to ensure you receive cutting-edge technology and unparalleled performance. Experience the innovation and excellence of GENLAS laser projectors for yourself
Our GENLAS range of RGB Laser show projectors are perfect when you need a large amount of power from a small footprint. They are capable of filling large stadiums with intense laser light, they are extremely cost effective and a perfect inclusion for Corporate events, Advertising, Dance parties, Festivals, Productions and Laser Billboards.


Noel will continue to operate as a separate company, owned by Pure Wafer. We’re all excited to be acquired by Pure Wafer, a leader in Silicon & Silicon Reclamation. Joining the Pure Wafer team allows Noel access to additional silicon, thin films, and proprietary cleaning processes. Pairing Noel’s new growth applications in semiconductor processing, utilizing a large range of thin films, multilayer processing capabilities to make products serving applications in the optical calibration standards, institu parameter testing & calibration, life sciences, lab on a chip, MEMS, photonics and many more applications. Noel offers lithography engineering services, including support on reticle layout and process development to insure design success in product development and manufacturing.
Noel Technologies, Inc Acquired by Pure Wafer November 5, 2021frontendtech2022-01-04T16:57:15-07:00


Design and Manufacturing
To be a global
provider of innovative solutions and designs, and a cost effective
manufacturer of photonics products and services.
Denselight Semiconductors is a Singapore-based privately held photonics company. We
design, manufacture, and deliver leading photonic optical light source
products and solutions to the communications, medical, instrumentations,
industrial, defense, and security industries. DenseLight processes Indium
Phosphide (InP) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) based optoelectronic devices and
photonic integrated circuits through its in-house wafer fabrication and
assembly & test facilities.
is recognized worldwide for its technological innovations in high
performance semiconductor infrared superluminescent light sources and
lasers, with a proven track record in deployed applications.
integrated solutions with superior product performance, quality and time to
the market. Our strategy is to leverage off our people, patents, know-how,
process & design capability, and intimate knowledge of market requirements
to best serve the exacting needs of our customers. We will work in
our customers in achieving growth through the development of new and competitive
solutions in the communications, medical, instrumentation, industrial, and
The new DenseLight website
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Virtek LaserQC® by Gerber Technology
Brand : Virtek LaserQC® by Gerber Technology
Product Type :Inspection System
Product Name : Virtek LaserQC®
Virtek LaserQC® by Gerber Technology is a rapid inspection system that employs lasers to measure the accuracy of two-dimensional parts to tolerances within 0.05 mm (0.002 inches). Virtek® LaserQC® by Gerber Technology verifies system calibration before each scan to ensure repeatable accuracy. Accurate to within 0.05 mm (0.002 in), Virtek LaserQC® by Gerber Technology captures more than 500 data points per second. And it can issue quality control reports to build customer confidence. Designed for easy set up so it can be operational in only a few hours – the intuitive user interface allows new operators to quickly become fully proficient and importantly, productive.
Want to know more about this product? Drop us a message now!
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What if it was possible to see a shopping list appear in your field of vision thanks to connected contact lenses? This is the objective of a partnership announced this Thursday, November 3, 2022 between Mojo Vision and Amazon. The Californian start-up said it is conducting integration tests to implement the Alexa Shopping List functionality to Mojo Lens, its connected lens prototypes.
A MicroLED screen on the lenses
The Californian start-up designs lenses incorporating a MicoLED screen hidden under an artificial iris to display information in augmented reality. This connected lens is still at the prototype stage but Mojo Vision is studying different use cases. The idea is to show the potential of its contact lenses through a whole range of consumer applications.
“With Alexa, Amazon is fundamentally improving the way people interact with technology using voiceexplains Mike Wiemer, CTO and co-founder of the start-up. Mojo Vision sees a similar opportunity, but with eyes. Vision plays a vital role in how we perceive and interact with the world, and Mojo Lens will help people access information quickly without distracting from the world around them.”
A product far from seeing the light of day
With this partnership, Mojo wants to show how the voice assistant and the connected lens can interact by integrating Alexa with Mojo’s eye interface. The use case features someone accessing their shopping list when they are in the store without needing to use their hands for this since it appears in their field of vision thanks to the Mojo Lens. He can check the list and validate the products purchased as he goes by using the movement of his eyes. At the same time, a user can ask Alexa to add products to the list which is immediately updated on Mojo lens.
But this partnership is far from leading to a possible product. The product of Mojo remaining for the moment far from a hypothetical commercialization. Beyond these applications for the general public – Mojo has also forged partnerships with many sports brands – the start-up plans to offer its Mojo Lens to visually impaired people with the aim of correcting certain visual disabilities.
Selected for you


in Bradford .
Written in English
Ph.D. thesis. Typescript.
|The Physical Object|
We investigated the influence exerted by the conditions of preparation of specimens of fibrous materials made of polyethylene terephthalate and triacetate threads and fabrics and the conditions of recording IR spectra of modified frustrated total internal reflection (MFTIR) on the reproducibility of spectral characteristics. We found that the area of actual contact of fibrous Author: M. M. Kabaev, E. I. Ivchenko. infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has dramatically improved the quality of infrared spectra and minimized the time required to obtain data. In addition, with con-stant improvements to computers, infrared spectroscopy has made further great strides. Infrared spectroscopy is a technique based on the vibrations of the atoms of a molecule. Fibrous diameters were visualized by Image J using SEM images. All experiments were performed at room temperature. The surface chemistry was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in single attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode (JASCO , USA) that was equipped with a standard Ge/KBr by: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique which is used to obtain infrared spectrum of absorption, emission, and photoconductivity of solid, liquid, and gas. It is used to detect different functional groups in PHB. FTIR spectrum is recorded between and cm − FTIR analysis, the polymer was dissolved in chloroform and layered on a NaCl crystal and after.
D.S. Sutar et al. / Sensors and Actuators B () – Fig. 3. FTIR spectra of polyaniline ﬁlm. SEM shows that polyaniline ﬁlms have nanoﬁbrous morphol-. FTIR spectroscopy offers a vast array of analytical opportunities in academic, analytical, QA/QC and forensic labs. Deeply ingrained in everything from simple compound identification to process and regulatory monitoring, FTIR covers a wide range of chemical applications, especially for polymers and organic compounds. Spectroscopy: Infrared vibrational spectroscopy is used for identifying the molecules by analyzing their bonds as the molecule vibrates at different frequencies. The unit used to express the radiation is cm Astronomy: Optical components like mirrors, lenses and digital detectors are used to study the objects that are in space. These objects. Infrared spectroscopy 1. IR SPECTROSCOPY Pathak 1 2. Electromagnetic Spectrum 2 3. IR Region Region of IR Wave length (µm) Wave number (cm-1) Near IR (Overtone region) 12, Mid IR (Vibration- rotation region) Far IR (Rotation region) Most used 3.
The book reviews structural units of biopolymers and describes characterization of biopolymers, the available techniques, the evaluation of underlying principles, and experimental applications. Some of these methods include Raman spectroscopy, theoretical conformation analysis, electron microscopy, and morphology of laboratory-synthesized polymers. Infrared spectroscopy 1. INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 2. IR spectroscopy is the study of interaction between infrared radiations and matter. Infrared radiations refers broadly to that part of electromagnetic spectrum between visible and microwave region. 3. IR spectrum of ethanol 4. This book offers a balanced overview of the fundamental theory and instrumentation of NIR spectroscopy, introducing the material in a readily comprehensible manner. A considerable part of the text is dedicated to practical applications, including sample preparation and investigations of polymers, textiles, drugs, food and animal feed. Provides an introduction to those needing to use infrared spectroscopy for the first time, explaining the fundamental aspects of this technique, how to obtain a spectrum and how to analyse infrared data covering a wide range of applications. Includes instrumental and sampling techniques Covers biological and industrial applications Includes suitable questions and problems in each chapter to.


The FUTURA is a universal tube laser cutting machine.
- FUTURA 6020 for tubes and profiles with a capacity of 10 mm up to 220 mm diameter
- FUTURA 6038 for tubes and profiles with a capacity of 10 mm up to 380 mm diameter
The Futura 6020 and Futura 6038 tube lasercutting machines are both equipped to process standard tube lengths up to 6 metres.
Optionally, both models can be equipped with
- Infeed system for tube lengths up to 12 metres
- Bevel-cutting head for 3D cutting operations
- 3 chucks for cutting without material loss
- 2 kW, 3 kW, 4 kW or 6 kW cutting power fiber laser
The Futura 6020 and 6038 laser tubecutting machines are available as a budget-friendly entry-level machine with manual loading for occasional use. They can be upgraded to a fully automated production cell with automatic bundle loader and automatic unloading system, which guarantees continuous production possibilities.
With the Futura, not only round and square tubes can be cut, also rectangular, elliptical, and open profiles such as U, L, H, T, etc., are possible.
The machine delivers very acceptable dynamic performances for cutting thin tube material at high speed, but also has the technology on board to cut heavier tubes and profiles with a constant quality.
Working with the FUTURA tube laser cutting machine becomes a simple and easy task !
- Budget-friendly entry-level model up to fully automated production unit
- Flexibly expandable


Last night was a clear night, and the first with a Moon that we have had in a while. It was a good opportunity for me to conduct some astrophotography experiments.
As I have explained in an earlier post, I have a CCD camera that is designed for telescopes, though it is best used with telescopes that have a longer focal length than my telescope. I am also experimenting with taking pictures through the eyepiece using a standard digital camera.
Moon20130215 This is a short video that was taken with the telescope CCD camera. You will have to click on the link to see it. It is a Windows Media Video. If you do not have a wmv codec, you may not be able to view it. The equipment used was my 4.5 inch Newtonian telescope, with the CCD camera in place of the eyepiece. That means there is no additional magnification beyond the base telescope itself. Attached to the CCD camera was a variable polarizing filter, set to its brightest setting. The video was taken at 6:09pm Eastern Time, so it was still a bit light out, with the sun low on the western horizon, which may account for the yellowish tint.
This was a still image take at 6:11pm Eastern Time using the same set up, except I had adjusted the variable polarizing filter to a medium dark setting.
This image was taken with my standard digital camera through the telescope. I had a 17mm eyepiece on the telescope, with the polarizing filter on the eyepiece, set to a medium level of darkness. With the 17mm eyepiece the telescope provides about 26x magnification. The faint blue haze is probably due to the ambient light of dusk, and that the lens of my digital camera is slightly larger than the telescope eyepiece. As such, the edges of the lens probably refracted some ambient light. This is something I can correct in the future by using a lens shield.
In some regards this may be a more telling image, in that it gives the sense of looking through the eyepiece, showing something more akin to what I see through the telescope. However, at this stage I am simply holding the digital camera up to the eyepiece. My shaky hands, along with bumping or vibrating the telescope, make the image a little blurry. That can be corrected in the future by using a mount that attaches digital cameras to a telescope.
This image was taken with the telescope CCD camera using a Barlow Lens. The Barlow Lens was place in the telescope’s eyepiece socket, the variable polarizing filter was attached to the CCD camera, which was then attached to the Barlow Lens. The variable polarizing was set to a medium darkness. The Barlow Lens effectively tripled the magnification of the base telescope prior to sending the image to the CCD camera.
I would have liked to have snapped the image a few seconds earlier, when more of the bright crescent was in view. I have not yet determined if there are any hotkey shortcuts for the CCD camera. As such, I have to do a bit of clicking to snap a single image. In those few seconds, the Moon had already moved. Things move fast at higher magnification.
The experimentation will continue the next time the skies allow it. Right now we are experiencing a bit of rain and snow, so who knows when I will get that chance.


You can use pearl pigments to create different visual effects on your jewelry, car, or any other surface. They have specific optical properties that allow to shine and shimmer when light falls on them. These optical properties are made possible by reflection and refraction.
Reflection by Pearl Pigments
Normal paint tends to absorb light instead of reflecting it. That’s why it appears dull and bland as compared to pearl pigment paint. Pearl pigments reflect light in the same way that a mirror does. You’ll notice that the brighter the day, the brighter a pearl pigment painted surface is.
Reflection is mainly responsible for the shiny appearance of pearl pigment paint. Pearl pigments get a lot more exciting when you start playing with different colors. Many people often wonder how pearl-pigment-painted surfaces canchange color. The color effects are brought along by refraction.
Refraction by Pearl Pigments
Refraction occurs when light passes through the boundary of two surfaces that have different refractive indexes. The substrates used to make pearl pigments are usually crystalline. They are layered, and each layer has a slightly different refractive index. A coating of a metal oxide is then added to the substrates. This layer enhances the colors you observe as a result of refraction.
Refraction causes the colors observed to change along the light spectrum. The painted surface exhibits different colors of the rainbow depending on the angle on which the light is falling on it. The colors are richer when the refractive indexes are precise and the substrates are impurity-free. That is why synthetic pearl pigments have better colors and luster. Pearl pigment manufacturers such as KP Pigmentscan ensure that the synthetic substrates they produce are pure and transparent.
Mixing Pearl Pigments
You can mix different pearl pigments to achieve a particular optical effect. If you cannot find one type of pearl pigment power that can give you the color or effect you want, mixing up several of them might get you there.
Pearl pigment paints that change color do not necessarily contain differently colored pearl pigments. As mentioned earlier, some of the pearl pigments will exhibit different colors at different angles of refraction. It is easier to achieve the chameleon effect by mixing pearl pigments of different colors though.
The world of pearl pigments is quite exciting. When you start exploring pearl pigments, you are going to discover new things about their appearance and the way they react to light every day.


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Lightweight and streamlined carry-on compatible camera rolling bag with armored exterior.
Lens case that fits a high-power zoom lens (similar to Canon 70-300mm f/4-5.6)
Lens case that fits a compact, mid-range zoom lens (similar to Canon EF-S 55-200mm)
Lens case that fits a small zoom lens for Micro Four Thirds and mirrorless cameras (similar to Fuji XC 16-50mm)
Lens case that fits a special compact zoom lens (similar to Olympus 4/3 40-150mm f/2)
© 2018 Vitec Imaging Solutions


Monash University’s blood test breakthrough that could save lives
Melbourne scientists have made a breakthrough that could fast-track the way disease or infection is diagnosed and treated.
Monash University researchers have developed a device, which can rapidly detect serious conditions such as HIV, diabetes and hepatitis using a single drop of blood.
The technology uses infrared light to analyse disease-causing pathogens.
It has the potential to deliver a diagnosis within an hour.
Patients currently have to wait 24 to 48 hours for results using current technologies, which can be too late for those with conditions like septicaemia.
It is hoped the device could be approved for use in hospitals in the next three to four years.
Co-inventor Bayden Wood, the Centre for Biospectroscopy director at Monash University, told 3AW Breakfast it could also be used to detect allergies, glucose and various other applications.
“It’s a really universal test and really it’s only limited by the type of disease we develop the model on, that’s the really exciting part,” he said.
Click PLAY to hear Professor Bayden Wood explain the breakthrough for Ross and John


- Heavy Duty Side View Mirrors Fit Kubota RTV 900 and RTV1140 UTV
- Left and Right Hand Set
- Break-a-Way feature
- Shatter resistant ABS plastic.
- 7″ x 5.5″ glass mirror face
Break away mirrors work great for Kubota RTV 900 and RTV 1140 UTVs.
** Left and Right Hand Side Mirrors; Set.
** Black in color bodies.
** OEM Style.
** Mounts with heavy duty steel clamps with rubber grommets, and supplied bolts, washers, and nuts.
** Shatter resistant ABS plastic mirror housing bodies. Thick glass mirror faces.
** Extra Large viewing area, 7″ x 5.5″
** Slight convex curve on the mirror to see all behind you.
** Break-a-away feature; folds in to avoid breakage/storage.


A team of 30 students from Diploma Second Year with 4 staff members from Electronics and Communication Engineering specialization, EEE section, Engineering Department have visited Oman Fiber Optic Company on 10th March 2020 (from 10:30 am to 1:30 pm).
This visit is intended to focus for our students in the following areas of our specialization:
- Fabrication of Fiber Optic Cable for all applications,
- Fiber Optic Accessories & Connectivity,
- Fiber Optic Installation
Our students and staff’s had a nice interaction with the industrial experts so that it shall bridge the gap between the academic and industry.


3D Laser scanner
Save time, money and increase your data accuracy with the 3D laser scanner for pipeline inspections.
PMC have trained P11 inspectors that are now utilising the handheld 3D laser scanner for pipeline inspections.
The 3D laser scanner provides improved accuracy and quicker turnaround times for inspections compared to the traditional method. A typical general corrosion inspection could reduce inspection times by up to 80%.
Benefits of use:
Reduced repairs due to accuracy of data
Reduction in site labour
Faster restoration of pipeline
Accurate and fast asset data collection
Pipeline corrosion or mechanical defects
Hard to reach areas
Our customer says:
“The 3D scanner for P11 inspection is a fantastic piece of kit, providing highly detailed reports in real time whilst reducing time on site, overall cost and potential risk to the asset ultimately allowing the pipeline to be repaired in a timely manner. I will continue to use this kit for any future inspections within Cadent Gas East Midland Pipelines.”


Repti Glo 2.0 uvb 26w Full Spectrum Terrarium Lamp
Click to enlarge image(s)
The Exo Terra Repti Glo 2.0 is a general light source with a high visual light output and a very high color rendering index (CRI), but a lower 2% UVB radiation. This bulb is suitable for snakes, amphibians, frogs, toads, salamanders and nocturnal animals. Plants will thrive under this light as well. It is also a perfect complementary light to a second higher UVB bulb to boost visual light in the terrarium.


Ad Details: Dji phantom 4 pro v2.0 Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria, NG
The new Phantom 4 Pro V2.0 features an OcuSync HD transmission system, which supports automatic dual-frequency band switching and connects to DJI Goggles wirelessly. Like the Phantom 4 Pro and Advanced, the Phantom 4 Pro V2.0 is equipped with a 1-inch 20-megapixel sensor capable of shooting 4K/60fps video and Burst Mode stills at 14 fps. Plus, its FlightAutonomy system includes dual rear vision sensors and infrared sensing systems for a total of 5 directions of obstacle sensing and 4 directions of obstacle avoidance.
✅ Do not forget to mention AFRIBABA during your call!


Nonlinear Light-Field Shape-and-Texture Appearance Manifold
Speaker: C. Mario Christoudias , Vision interface group, CSAIL, MIT
Statistical shape-and-texture appearance models use image morphing to define a rich, compact representation of object appearance. They are useful in a variety of applications including object recognition, tracking and segmentation. These techniques, however, have been limited to objects with Lambertian surface reflectance, simple geometry and topology. In this work we present new shape-and-texture appearance models that overcome these limitations. In the first part of our work we develop a 4D shape-and-texture appearance model, built using light-fields. This model is capable of representing objects with complex surface reflectance and geometry. We demonstrate our light-field appearance model using 50 light-fields of the human head captured from a real-time camera array. Next, we present a nonparametric appearance model of the shape and texture of objects whose appearance manifolds exhibit a complex topology, e.g. have holes. We demonstrate this model using 2D mouth images of speaking people. In our experiments we evaluate the performance of each method and provide a comparison with conventional, linear single- and multi-view deformable models.


This short article will certainly provide you the majority of the standard details required in selecting a set of field glasses. Selecting a set of field glasses ought to not be a tough or difficult experience. Utilize the standards below in order to help you select the ample field glasses for your checking out demands, particularly if you are simply starting the globe of up-close watching.
The very first point you should ask on your own when thinking about getting a set of field glasses is, just how much cash do I intend to invest for a set of field glasses? This set inquiry involves numerous responses and also or various other concerns.
How a lot? Field glasses can be found in several cost varieties from extremely cost-effective, fifteen to twenty bucks each, to very costly versions, as much as numerous thousand bucks each. If you are purchasing your initial set of field glasses it is advised that you start at the reduced end of the cost variety scale up until you recognize exactly what you are in fact trying to find in a set of field glasses. Experienced binocular customers typically recognize just what they desire regarding high quality of binocular optics, power or zoom, waterproofing, barrels as well as various other functions that associate with field glasses and also binocular usage. Costs will generally enhance, occasionally drastically, as binocular top quality increases and also binocular functions increase. This is not to state that you cannot take pleasure in up-close checking out with cost-effective field glasses.
Binocular “power” or “zoom” is established by the very first numbers in the design classification, (instance 10 x 50). 10 is the power or zoom capability of the field glasses which means making the item you are watching show up 10 times closer to compared to checked out with the nude eye. A power of 10 is an all over excellent number for basic binocular usage, specifically if you are a very first time purchaser. 10 power is rather in the center of the power array and also benefits a lot of all watching.
Objective lens dimension, or the 2nd number in the version classification instance stated over is 50. The 50 stands for the size of the goal or big lens of the field glasses in millimeters. This is essential as this number figures out what does it cost? “light” is collected right into the field glasses. The even more light that is collected right into the binocular barrel, the brighter the photo. The brighter the photo additionally connects to exactly how well you will certainly have the ability to see in reduced light problems. You will certainly see far better in reduced light problems (morning, late night or over cast days) with an unbiased lens size of 50mm compared to you will certainly with an unbiased lens size of 25mm. An unbiased lens size of 35mm to 50mm is a great location to begin if you are brand-new to the globe of field glasses utilize.
The following inquiry you wish to ask on your own is do I desire huge field glasses (typical dimension) or little field glasses (portable dimension)? Requirement dimension field glasses need to be lugged in hand, on the shoulder or around the neck by the safety/carrying band and also could have greater powers and also bigger unbiased lens dimensions compared to compacts. Many compact binoculars could be brought in the tee shirt pocket or layer pocket. The most significant negative aspect to compact binoculars is that they usually do not have an unbiased lens dimension of greater than 35mm. A 25mm unbiased lens dimension is usually conventional in a lot of compact binoculars as a result of their tiny barrel dimension.
The above is essentially all you should recognize when buying a set of field glasses. To evaluate, Rate, Version classification (10 x 50) etc, and also Dimension resolution. There are lots of various other identifying elements associated with binocular options as well as functions. As you come to be much more knowledgeable about field glasses as well as your binocular watching requires you could inspect the binocular vendors requirements to learn more on a certain version of field glasses or most likely to the Frequently Asked Question web page of the binocular vendor you are seeing to obtain a lot more extra details that could as well as will certainly affect your field glasses purchasing choice. For the best compact binoculars, click here: OutdoorSpike.com


Charcroft Electronics – a specialist distributor and manufacturer of components for harsh and high-end applications– is sampling a new pair of optical port switches designed for Smart Metering and other applications.
As an alternative to the conventional pairing of an LED and a phototransistor, Optek’s Smart Meter Pair offers a number of benefits: compatibility with existing microcontrollers eliminates the need for external conditioning circuitry to eliminate crosstalk between the two components; and immunity to ambient light eliminates the need for opaque shielding. In addition, the Optek’s Smart Meter Pair are compliant with the ANSI C12.18 Smart Meter standard whilst also providing performance which is10x faster than the current specification. The OP181 and OPL6000 are offered in sub-miniature reverse gull-wing surface-mount packages to reduce board space and also support low power consumption.
Manufactured by TT Electronics Optek, the surface-mount Smart Meter Pair consists of the OP181 emitter, incorporating a high-power 940nm LED; and the OPL6000 receiver which integrates a custom CMOS ASIC and a lens to provide maximum light-coupling ability.
Optical port switches are used to provide a fail-safe back-up which allows on-site personnel to retrieve vital information in the event of a failure of the remote communication system which transfers information from the smart meter to the utility provider.
Designed specifically for smart-meter applications, these optical port switches can also be used in other applications such as photo interrupters; miniature light barriers, miniature switches, optical switches, counters, and as an emitter in proximity sensors.
The OP181 / OPL6000 Smart Meter Pair are available now for sampling.


YOFC is producing all kinds of fibre preforms with the Plasma Activated Chemical Vapor Deposition （PCVD） process. PCVD has been developed by Philips Optical Fibre to deliver an efficient way of producing optical fibres. PCVD can deposit thousands of fine layers in the core and possesses features like highly accurate refractive index control, high deposition efficiency and excellent process flexibility. Thereby, YOFC fibre products show outstanding performance in some key technical specifications, e.g. MFD, bandwidth, PMD and dispersion control. PCVD not only can produce top-quality multi-mode fibres but also performs outstanding in producing single-mode fibre especially single-mode fibre with complicated refractive index profile,e.g. G.655 fibre. In addition, PCVD shows its unique advantages in producing specialty fibres.
PCVD process: as the substrate tube of PCVD deposition, a clean quartz tube is fixed between the vacuum pump and MFC. The device can control SiCl4, GeCl4, C2F6 and O2 to mix fully and accurately according to the rations set in advance and they are poured into the substrate tube under the given low pressure.
The resonator which moves back and forth encircles the part of the substrate tube, and couples thousands of watts of microwave energy to the vapor mixtures through the waveguide. The microwave can produce plasma of a partial non isotherm and low pressure inside the quartz tube. The vapor inside the plasma reacts with each other and. At this moment, the electron motion of the plasma equates to the high temperature of 60,000 degree centigrade, far higher than the surrounding temperature of the tempering furnace.
SiCl4 and O2 can produce pure SiO2 after they react with each other. GeCl4 and O2 can produce the dopant GeO2 increasing the refractive index after they make similar reactions. Meanwhile, the products react from Freon, the main ingredients of C2F6, reduce the refractive index. Through this way, the optical fibre refractive index can be flexibly changed and deposition can be conducted directly on the transparent tube wall without any dusts coming into being.
When the resonator goes back and forth every time, the mixture proportion of the vapors can be changed to the thousands of deposition layers so that the most accurate perform core layer and refractive index profile curve can be gained. Since any designed refractive index profile can be produced on PCVD deposition lathes, the PCVD deposition lathe can be commonly used and suitable for any types of performs, regardless of single mode or multi mode fibres.
The deposition efficiency of PCVD process is very high and the deposition rate of Freon and SiO2 can reach almost 100%. Therefore, the raw materials can be efficiently used.


Already on March 26, Huawei will introduce the P40 Pro smartphone – one of the most interesting devices of the year for those who need a camera very much. Of course, there will be a P40 model, but the flagship should be traditionally better.
Huawei promises new zoom features for P40 Pro
And although we already know a lot about the P40 Pro, today we have information that is obtained directly from Huawei itself. To begin with, the company noted that the camera in the P40 Pro will use the same technologies that debuted on the P30 Pro last year. Most likely, in this case, the RYYB sensor is meant. Recall that last year the P30 Pro was the first with a similar sensor, the pixel structure of which allowed the device to take incredible pictures in almost complete darkness. It can be expected that the P40 Pro will receive a sensor with the same pixel configuration.
As for the periscope camera, there is no doubt in its presence, but so far it is not clear exactly what its parameters will be. Huawei itself said that during the development it was inspired by eagles, whose eyes allow birds to see the prey from a distance of up to three kilometres. The zoom capabilities of the P30 Pro will likely be improved.
Finally, Huawei promised that the P40 Pro will use new materials, but it is not clear which ones.


This laboratory grade multi-gas analyzer accurately measures gas concentrations from trace levels to full concentrations using an optical feedback laser absorption spectrometer. The system operates at low pressure, significantly reducing adsorption, contains no moving parts, and does not require liquid N2 cooling, providing a robust measurement system with no drift and little maintenance.
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The SEMTECH® LASAR combines laser absorption spectrometry with very low pressure sampling for the measurement of emission gases over wide dynamic ranges. The use of a hyper-reflective gas cell in conjunction with laser light sources (TDL or QCL) enables kilometric pathlength, delivering enhanced sensitivity. Optical feedback enhances the purity of the laser beam injection in the gas cell by as much as 100x, enabling optical resolutions as low -1 as 0.005 cm. When combined with very low pressure sampling, absorption bands are narrowed resulting in zero-interference measurements. Very low pressure sampling and very low internal dead volume enables faster system response times.
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Lesson 4/Learning Event 2
Modern development has brought about a radical change in what is
considered good road illumination. The high-intensity beam of light has given way to the principle
of more illumination and lower general intensity. The 32-candlepower lamp is sufficient with a
narrow, high-intensity beam, but with the general floodlighting effect desired today, a larger light
source is necessary. The sealed-beam headlamp has been developed to meet these requirements.
With the increased use of high-powered lamps have come laws enforcing the proper focusing of the
lights and the use of dual-beam headlamps. The dual-beam headlamp is designed so that one
filament will be at the focal point of the reflector, and the other filament will be out of focus
slightly so that the rays will be turned downward. Depressing the beam is accomplished by a
switch that changes the current from one filament to the other.
ELIMINATION OF GLARE
Cause of Glare
Any light source is said to produce glare if it reduces the clarity of vision of anyone looking toward
it. Practically speaking, the blinding or dazzling effect of light is not due to the brilliance of the
light but to the lack of illumination in the immediate vicinity through which the rays are projected.
The headlight, for example, that produces glare on a dark road at night would not produce glare on
a well-lighted street, and in the daytime with the sun shining, it would hardly be noticed. If the
strong light rays can be kept below eye level, the nuisance of glare will be eliminated.
Many tests have been conducted by the Society of Automotive Engineers and by manufacturers to
eliminate headlight glare as much as possible and still have enough light for safe driving. Two
beams are specified to meet these requirements: an upper beam to provide enough light in front of
the vehicle while driving, and a depressed beam to avoid dangerous glare under normal conditions
of passing. The driver is responsible for selecting the proper beam. The maximum and minimum
intensity at important points of both beams are definitely specified and can be checked with the
light intensity or foot-candlemeter.


Tr-Cp60+ Color Light Box - 600m - 6 Lights (Updated version) -Laboratory Light Box
|FOB Price:||US $1-500 / Piece|
|Min. Order:||1 Piece|
|Min. Order||FOB Price|
|1 Piece||US $1-500/ Piece|
|Transport Package:||Paper/Wood Box|
|Payment Terms:||L/C, T/T, Western Union, Paypal, Money Gram|
- Model NO.: TR-CP60+
- Structure: Desktop
- Certification: CE, SGS, RoHS
- Type: Measurement Type
- Weight: 20kg
- Specification: LED blue light excitation
- Customized: Customized
- Material: Steel
- Application: School, Hosipital, Lab
- Quality: Excellent
- Trademark: TRYTE
- Origin: China/Hongkong
Light Source: D65, TL84, UV, F, CWF, TL83
Overall Size: 695*552*502mm
TR-CP60+ Color Light Box Features:
1. TILO Color light box render color more accurately. With 6 different light sources(D65, TL84, CWF, TL83/U30, F, UV), which can detect the metamerism.
2. Meets or exceeds major international standards for visual color evaluation including: ASTM D1729, ISO3664, DIN, ANSI and BSI.
3. Easy to operate by using individual switches for each light source.
4. Elapsed time meter for tracking optimal lamp replacement.
5. Automatically alternating among light sources.
6. No warm-up time or flickering which insures quick and reliable color judgment.
7. Economic power consumption and low heat generation for high light efficiency.
8. The dimension can be made by customized.
About Light Sources:
|Light Source||Color Light Box Application||Color temperature(k)||Power(W)|
|D65||International standard Artificial Daylight||6500||18|
|TL84||Applied to stores in Europe, Japan and China||4000||18|
|CWF||(Cool White Fluorescent)American Standard||4150||18|
|F||"Sun-setting Light Yellow" incandescent light source(imitation of sunset)||2700||40|
|UV||Viewing under ultraviolet light to detect and evaluate optical brighteners or fluorescent pigments||Wavelength:365nm||20|
|TL83||Applied to stores in Europe||3000||18|


Why and How Chip-on-Board (COB) LEDs Reduce Cost and Save Energy in Lighting Designs
LEDs compete with traditional lighting sources in a number of ways, including greater energy efficiency, longer lifetime, and smaller size. However, the one drawback that has vexed many lighting designers is cost, which is a key reason why LED manufacturers continue to innovate to improve economies of scale. One of the newest packaging solutions designed to help lower costs is chip-on-board (COB) light source modules, in which the LED chips are in the form of a semiconductor chip that is neither encased nor connected but directly mounted onto a PCB or, more generally, a substrate. This packaging style also provides several related benefits, such as greater design flexibility, better light distribution, and simpler manufacturing processes.


Snapp, Nam make advances in optical strain sensors
MechSE associate professor Sungwoo Nam and PhD student Peter Snapp have made significant strides in the field of optical strain sensors, combining graphene and colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) to create a revolutionary new piece of technology.
Their paper on these new measuring tools, “Colloidal Photonic Crystal Strain Sensor Integrated with Deformable Graphene Phototransducer,” was published as the frontispiece of the leading materials journal Advanced Functional Materials.
Other optical strain sensors provide a good indication of strain, but accurate quantification of strain requires additional equipment, adding bulk and reducing efficiency. With Snapp and Nam’s coupling of technologies, not only do the strain sensors provide a visual indication of deformation, but they have an electrically quantified readout provided by the graphene transducer. The combination of these two provides a sensor with greater sensitivity, making the hybrid a vast elevation of the strain sensors made with each individual component.
“If you are photonic crystal person now we are offering you the possibility of an integrated, electrical readout,” Nam said. “If you are a graphene sensor person we’re telling you we can enhance your sensitivity by 100 times.”
There are countless possible applications for the improved strain sensors, but a specific use that Snapp has been focusing on utilizes the sensors in a space based structural health monitoring system for NASA. The thinness of the graphene would allow for the strain sensors to be placed on the structure of spacecraft so that it could be monitored for cracks or deformation. In this configuration, the sensor would change color if any damage occurred offering a visual alert and astronaut to electrically probe the sensor and get a specific measurement on the amount of strain the craft experienced. Additionally for NASA, the sensors could be used for astronaut physical health monitoring. The absence of trained physicians on long journeys could be replaced with monitoring of physical exertion using the strain sensors.
Moving forward for this research group, they hope to improve the sensors by enhancing the electrical readout and making the sensors self-powered. Snapp’s current work surrounds solving these problems and he will move onto a career as a NASA scientist once he completes his PhD program.


Amblyz are programmable LCD glasses that can treat amblyopia (colloquially known as “lazy eye”).
Instead of patching, the lens over the affected eye would go dark for a few seconds out of every 30 during the prescribed patching period. As children with amblyopia often have astigmatism or nearsightedness, the glasses simultaneously corrects vision (when not occluding it).
Researchers compared Amblyz with traditional patching on 33 children, ages 3-8. For 3 months, one group wore the patch for 2 hours per day, while the other wore Amblyz for 4 hours per day. Both groups showed similar improvement, and were able to see an average of two more lines on a reading chart.
WEARABLE TECH + DIGITAL HEALTH SAN FRANCISCO – APRIL 5, 2016 @ THE MISSION BAY CONFERENCE CENTER
NEUROTECH SAN FRANCISCO – APRIL 6, 2016 @ THE MISSION BAY CONFERENCE CENTER


Television is a means of changing patterns of light into electrical
signals for storage or transmission and then recreating those patterns
on a screen. In order to do this well, the television camera must be
presented with properly illuminated scenes. The three important
considerations are overall level, contrast range, and color temperature.
Lighting levels for television are generally set by adjusting the
incident light, or the light striking the subject. The unit of measure
for incident light is the foot candle, which is the amount of light
produced by a standard candle at a distance of one foot. Lighting
measurements are made using an incident light meter, which has a white
plastic cover over the sensing element and a logarithmic scale
calibrated in foot candles. To measure the useful incident light for
television, the meter is held near the subject and pointed toward the
The minimum acceptable level for color television depends on the
ability of the lens to transmit light to the camera, the sensitivity of
the pickup tube or chip, and the amount of depth of field you need. For
high-quality pictures you need something between fifty and two hundred
foot candles. Most cameras can be operated in light ranging from the
minimum up to ten thousand foot candles, or fairly bright sunlight.
Where lighting conditions fall outside this range, steps must be taken
to bring the lighting level into line with the capabilities of the
camera. With too little light, additional lighting must be added. With
too much, special neutral density filters must be used on the camera.
Absolute rock bottom
You'll see cameras advertised as 2 LUX or 4 LUX cameras. 2 LUX is equal
to .19 foot candles. 4 LUX is about .37 foot candles. I was suspicious,
so a number of years ago I set up an ordinary candle one foot away from
a white square on a black background. I tested two cameras. The first
was a popular CCD camera requiring four LUX for minimum illumination.
The second was a broadcast camera using Saticon pickup tubes. At a
nominal one foot candle the CCD camera produced 40 IRE units of video,
but the amount of noise in the picture was very objectionable. At four
foot candles the CCD camera produced 100 IRE units with an acceptable
noise level. The broadcast camera produced 20 IRE units at one foot
candle with the "boost" set at 18 dB. At four foot candles, it produced
46 dB at 0 boost and 95 dB at 9dB boost. At four foot candles the
broadcast picture was obviously superior to the picture from the
The difference at one foot candle is essentially the willingness to
tolerate more noise in the CCD camera, giving it more apparent
sensitivity under extremely low light situations. To mask some of
the noise at low light levels, consumer cameras often use a setup, or
black level, of zero IRE, rather than the 7.5 IRE broadcast
standard. Some cameras that automatically boost the signal in low
light situations can also be run in manual mode where you can control
how much boost you want to use.
Lighting levels of five to fifteen foot candles are common in homes,
while office settings tend to range from fifty to sixty foot candles.
Keeping the reservations in the preceding paragraph in mind, consumer
camcorders should have plenty of light for acceptable pictures in
Contrast refers to the difference in brightness from the darkest parts of a scene to the brightest.
Useful contrast for NTSC television is determined by the amplitude of
the video signal. The NTSC standard calls for a "peak to peak"
amplitude of one volt at 75 ohms impedance. Only seven tenths of a volt
is used for the luminance, or black and white part of the signal.
Common digital video signals are 24 bit color, with eight bits each for
red, green, and blue. This scheme allows for 256 individual
shades from dark to light for each color. Since 24 bit color
allows for over sixteen million colors, the limited number of shades
available for each color isn't usually a problem, although the
luminance steps may be visible in monochromatic scenes.
If there's too little contrast many receivers will produce a
flat, grayish picture. If there's too much contrast, details in the
brightest and darkest parts of the picture will be lost and the picture
will look too harsh.
Since contrast is actually light reflected from the subject, it's
measured using a reflectance light meter. The meter is held near a
variety of very light and very dark parts of the subject and pointed
toward each part of the subject to be measured. The ideal contrast
range for NTSC television is about twenty to one. This corresponds to a
difference of about four and one half f-numbers between the darkest and
brightest parts of the picture on a reflectance light meter. In
practice, actual contrast ranges are rarely measured using a meter. A
subjective analysis based on camera output is generally sufficient.
The third consideration is color temperature. Every source of light has
a characteristic color. This color is related to its "temperature."
Lower color temperatures tend to be red or orange while higher
temperatures tend to be green or blue. Color temperatures are measured
in degrees Kelvin. Some examples:
||Most Photo or TV Lights
||Some Photo Lamps
The eye "remembers" how things are supposed to look and interprets
color accordingly, regardless of the color temperature of lighting
sources. A white sheet of paper seems white whether viewed under an
incandescent lamp or sunlight. The eye can even adjust for "correct
color" when two light sources of different colors are present in the
same scene. Sunlight streaming into a room which is also lit by
incandescent lamps doesn't make objects it strikes appear bluish.
Television cameras aren't so versatile. They must be set up to render
color in a way that's pleasing to the eye. They can do this only if all
of the important lighting sources within a scene have the same color
temperature. A combination of filters and electronic adjustments is
used to adapt color cameras to each new lighting situation. Most
cameras can adjust automatically to typical color temperatures.
They cannot resolve conflicts when major picture elements are lit at
different color temperatures.


Further documentation is available here. Fundamentals of signals and systems using matlab pdf forward this error screen to 216. На сайте со
Further documentation is available here. Fundamentals of signals and systems using matlab pdf forward this error screen to 216.
На сайте собрано множество порно видео, порно фото а так же порно рассказы и это все совершенно бесплатно! IR radiation up to 1050 nm. Slightly more than half of the total energy from the Sun was eventually found to arrive on Earth in the form of infrared. Infrared radiation is used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications. Infrared thermal-imaging cameras are used to detect heat loss in insulated systems, to observe changing blood flow in the skin, and to detect overheating of electrical apparatus.
Thermal-infrared imaging is used extensively for military and civilian purposes. Sunlight, at an effective temperature of 5,780 kelvins, is composed of near thermal-spectrum radiation that is slightly more than half infrared. Nearly all the infrared radiation in sunlight is near infrared, shorter than 4 micrometers. On the surface of Earth, at far lower temperatures than the surface of the Sun, almost all thermal radiation consists of infrared in mid-infrared region, much longer than in sunlight. Of these natural thermal radiation processes only lightning and natural fires are hot enough to produce much visible energy, and fires produce far more infrared than visible-light energy.
In general, objects emit infrared radiation across a spectrum of wavelengths, but sometimes only a limited region of the spectrum is of interest because sensors usually collect radiation only within a specific bandwidth. Therefore, the infrared band is often subdivided into smaller sections. Water absorption increases significantly at 1450 nm. The 1530 to 1560 nm range is the dominant spectral region for long-distance telecommunications. This region is also known as thermal infrared. The “thermal imaging” region, in which sensors can obtain a completely passive image of objects only slightly higher in temperature than room temperature – for example, the human body – based on thermal emissions only and requiring no illumination such as the sun, moon, or infrared illuminator. This region is also called the “thermal infrared”.
NIR and SWIR is sometimes called “reflected infrared”, whereas MWIR and LWIR is sometimes referred to as “thermal infrared”. Due to the nature of the blackbody radiation curves, typical “hot” objects, such as exhaust pipes, often appear brighter in the MW compared to the same object viewed in the LW. These divisions are not precise and can vary depending on the publication. The three regions are used for observation of different temperature ranges, and hence different environments in space. L, M, N, and Q refer to the mid-infrared region.
Plot of atmospheric transmittance in part of the infrared region. No international standards for these specifications are currently available. 700 nm and 800 nm, but the boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less sensitive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer wavelengths make insignificant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. 780 nm, and will be perceived as red light.
The S and L bands are based on less well established technology, and are not as widely deployed. Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at longer wavelengths. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. To further explain, two objects at the same physical temperature will not show the same infrared image if they have differing emissivity. For example, for any pre-set emissivity value, objects with higher emissivity will appear hotter, and those with a lower emissivity will appear cooler.


Nano-RK - Wireless Sensor Networking RTOS
- C GNU tool-chain
- Real-Time Priority Based Scheduling
- Built-in Fault Handling
- Energy Efficient Scheduling
- Small Footprint <2K RAM, 16K ROM,
- SLIPstream a simple gateway to IP
- Eclipse IDE allows for easy development
The CMUcam extends upon this idea by providing a flexible and easy to use open source development environment that complements a low cost hardware platform. The CMUcam3 is an ARM7TDMI based fully programmable embedded computer vision sensor. The main processor is the NXP LPC2106 connected to an Omnivision CMOS camera sensor module.
The goal of the CMUcam project is to provide simple vision capabilities to small embedded systems in the form of an intelligent sensor. The CMUcam open source programmable embedded color vision sensors are low-cost, low-power sensors for mobile robots. You can use the CMUcam vision systems to do many different kinds of on-board, real-time vision processing tasks
2014 - Pixy is a fast, low-cost vision sensor you can quickly “teach” to find objects, and it connects directly to Arduino and other controllers.