2 Elements Individuals Do Certainly Not Figure Out Concerning LASIK Eye Surgical OperationThe eye can be analyzed with relative ease regarding both its function and its structure. A practical evaluation includes the ability to move in the orbit and the response of the pupil to light and accommodation.
The function of the eye may be checked in several methods. The patient might be asked to identify illuminated letter or things of differing sizes on what is referred to as the Snellen chart.
Conversely, the evaluation of the structural part of the eye may be made in several methods. Stress within the eyeball is measured by a "tonometer." In particular illness, especially in glaucoma, the tension in the eyeball is increased noticeably.
It should be well remembered that a client with an eye issue may have other problems. Often other physical conditions are main and affect the eye as a effect. The look of the eye can signal the physician and the patient to difficulties in some disruptions of other parts of the body even before other symptoms present themselves.
Consequently, one's dependence on sight is emphasized when one faces a temporary or possible long-term loss of this vital sense. Thus, when restorative measures are looked for, certain kinds of vision correction such as contact lenses or eyeglasses are recommended.
On the other hand, some people are bothered with the reality that they have some framed lenses or contact lenses in front of their eyes.
For this reason, advanced surgeries were developed to encourage reduced utilization of contact lenses or glasses. Among which is the now popular LASIK eye surgical treatment.
Basically, LASIK eye surgery is the short-term for "Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis." Like its tangible counterpart, LASIK eye surgical treatment is another kind of vision correction. The only distinction is that with this type of surgery, one's vision is corrected permanently.
With LASIK eye surgery, the refractive errors in the cornea are completely changed. This can Click This Link be done utilizing an "excimer laser."
The primary function of this surgical treatment is to develop a threadlike, rounded "flap" in the cornea using a blade understood as "microkeratome." In a series of unfolding and laser processing, the cornea is lastly reformed, permitting better the eye to direct more light into the retina.
Popularity vs. Disadvantages
Amidst the growing popularity of LASIK eye surgery, there are still disadvantages that individuals need to know. Probably, the main reason why this kind of eye surgery has become well accepted is since the majority of its cases had achieved success.
However, in spite of its success, there are still some drawbacks. Here is the list:
1. It is an operation applied to the most delicate part of the eye
Since LASIK eye surgical treatment involves the operation of the retina, which is one of the most delicate parts of the eye, most people state that the operation can be really risky.
To puts it simply, a easy mistake might practically trigger an individual's life time loss of sight. Thus, it is essential to think about many aspects prior to choosing whether LASIK eye surgery is the ideal restorative step one needs to go through.
2. It is not a perfect procedure
LASIK eye surgical treatment might remedy your vision however it does not always imply that it can provide you a twenty-twenty. Even if analytical reports show that click this site 70% of the clients might have 20/20 vision, this does not necessarily imply they have perfect vision too.
Provided all these things, it can be deduced that, in spite of the popularity of the operation, LASIK may not constantly be the ideal eye surgery the method many individuals view it
On the other hand, the examination of the structural part of the eye may be made in numerous methods. It should be well kept in mind that a client with an eye issue might have other problems. Frequently other physical conditions are primary and impact the eye as a repercussion. The look of the eye can inform the client and the click for source physician to difficulties in some disruptions of other parts of the body even before other symptoms present themselves.
Like its concrete equivalent, LASIK eye surgery is another type of vision correction.


Polarized Sunglasses Retro Wayfarer Black HD Vision UV400 For Men
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Proximity Sensor Test Handler is designed to test the performance of proximity sensors in both electrical & optical characteristics.
Using Advance Optical Chambers which is configurable for different distance from 0mm to 50mm, it is capable of performing a wide spectrum of tests.
The tester further enhanced the test methodology by introducing elevated temperature testing which ranges from 5°C~80°C.
|Input/Output Option||JEDEC Tray|
|Contact Mechanism||Punch type|
|Test Site||– Up to 4 sites
– Up to 32 sites base on customized layout
|Tester Sequence||Parallel/Serial test|
|Test Approach||Multiple distance of reflective cards (Reflectance ranged from 0% to 100%)|
|Test Distance||– 0mm~50mm
– Up to 1.5m base on customized layout
|Test Capabilities||– Electrical Functional Test
– Light Leakage Test
– LED Wavelength & Radiant Test
– Power, Current & Voltage (LIV) Slope Test
– Photo Diode Sensitivity Test
– Cross Talk & Optical Measurement Test


Fiber optics, often known as optical fiber, is a technique that uses glass or plastic fibers to convey data via pulses of light. From a few to several hundred of these glass fibers can be packed into a single fiber optic cable. The core of glass fiber is encased in a second glass layer called cladding. Each individual strand is shielded first by the buffer tube layer, then by a jacket layer. Know more about fiber optics.
The benefits of fiber optic cables over copper cables have led to their widespread deployment. Higher bandwidth and transmission speeds are two examples of these advantages.
Data transmission over great distances and with high throughput may be accomplished with fiber optics. The internet, television, and telephones are just some of the many places it finds widespread use. Gigabit internet speeds are available from providers like Verizon FIOS and Google Fiber, both of which employ fiber optics.
The mechanics of fiber optics
Pulsed photons of light travel across a fiber optic connection, carrying information. The entering light is refracted at an angle by the combination of the glass fiber core’s and cladding’s refractive indices.
Total internal reflection describes the path taken by light signals as they bounce back and forth between the core and cladding of a fiber optic cable. Due to the denser glass layers, the light signals are slowed by about 30% compared to traveling at the speed of light.
Repeaters are placed at regular intervals along a fiber optic cable to refresh and strengthen the signal as it travels. In order to retransmit the optical signal, these repeaters first convert it to an electrical signal, then process that signal, and then retransmit it.
Optical Fiber Wires
- Examining a fiber optic cable in greater detail.
- Fiber optic cable varieties
- The two most common kinds of fiber optic cable are multimode and single-mode fiber.
Due to the smaller diameter of the glass fiber core, single-mode fiber can be used for greater distances. Attenuation, or weakening of a signal, is less likely to occur with a smaller diameter. The narrower aperture concentrates the light into a narrow beam, providing a more direct path and extending the range of the signal.
The bandwidth of single-mode fiber is also much greater than that of multimode fiber. For single-mode fiber, a laser is the most common light source. Since precise calculations are required to produce the laser light through a smaller opening, single-mode fiber is typically more expensive.
Modal diversity in multimode fiber
Since the larger core opening in multimode fiber allows light signals to bounce and reflect more along the way, it is typically used for shorter distances. Because more light pulses can be sent through the cable at once, more data can be transferred with a larger diameter cable. However, this also increases the likelihood of signal attenuation, reduction, or interference. The light pulse in multimode fiber optics is generally generated by an LED.
Tania Witt is an SEO expert, worked as a team leader of an outsourcing company for 4 years. Many online businesses’ websites are on the top rank on search engines with his help. Tania’s book entitled “See Your Website On Page One” is best-selling nowadays.


Optical fiber connectors.
Supplied in 10-unit boxes.
Televes reserves the right to modify the product
Usually, when faced with extended optical fiber RF installations, the question arises about which type of fiber connector to use. The apparent mechanical compatibility between some of them may even prevent the network from working. Fiber connectors are named after a combination of two acronyms: One refers to the connector type, the other to the size and finish of the fibre ferrule. The first indicates whether the connector is threaded or has a different type of fixing. The second acronym indicates the fiberâ€™s finish: bevelled (APC_Angle Physical Contact), straight (PC_Physical Contact), with an air gap, etc. For example, the seemingly valid connection of a fiber equipped with an SC/PC male connector to a device equipped with an SC/APC female connector causes the signal to degrade, since the compatibility between both connectors must be at both the fixing mechanism and the finish levels.
Dirt: This affects 95% of optical equipment failures. It is essential to always methodically clean the connectors to be installed, even if they are new.
Yes. Optical fibers are good at withstanding longitudinal strain; however, this is not the case when they are winded over themselves (as a result of incorrect uncoiling). This usually causes premature failures as soon as traction is applied to the fibre. Extracting the fibre form the reel longitudinally is essential.
- Insert the fiber through the threaded plastic cap andthe rubber sleeve.
- Strip the fiber (leaving a length of 20mm for a 250micras diameter and 10mm for the 125micras diameter)At this point, and before cutting the fiber with a high precision cutter (Ref.2323), be sure to clean the unprotected fiber with an isopropyl alcohol wipe (250 and 125 micras)
- Insert the fiber into the connector housing, be sure that the end of the fiber does not touch any part of the device, until it reaches the bottom.
- Close the connector tab (in black), trapping the rubber sleeve (and therefore the fiber).
- Move the connector slide switch (in yellow) to securethe fiber.
- Screw in the plastic cap. Insert the green rectangular cap until it is secured (maintaining the same position as it is received).


MONDAY, 3 OCTOBER 2011
The aim of 3D cinema is to replicate the experience we get when we look at the 3D world around us. Objects that are farther away look smaller to us and are also blocked from our vision by things that are closer.
Our eyes present us with two views of the same object, so that we have a better idea of where it is in 3D space—this is called stereopsis. Furthermore, eyes have to focus to see things more clearly, and since focusing depends on the distance to an object, this gives us a better idea of its position in 3D space too. Neither of these effects can be replicated using standard 2D films and, for now, only the first is actually in use in 3D cinema. However, eventually film-makers may even be able to make our eyes focus on objects on a cinema screen as though they were closer or farther away.
For a 3D film to persuade us that something is closer than the screen, the left eye must see the same object to the right of where the right eye sees it. The brain will assume that these two images are of the same object in the same position and it will interpret this as it would any other object for which this is the case—it will think that the object is closer to us. The opposite is true for objects that are supposed to be far away; if the left eye sees an image slightly to the left of where the right eye sees it, the brain will assume that it is farther away than the screen. As a result, 2D images appear to be 3D.
The most primitive form of 3D imaging is called anaglyph. You have probably tried this—it requires you to wear glasses with one red and one blue lens. Anaglyph images will then have some red and some blue parts to them: the red parts are filtered out by the red lens, allowing you to see only the blue parts, whilst the blue parts are blocked out by the blue lens, meaning you see only the red parts. This allows a film-maker to cause each eye to see something slightly different, fooling the brain into inferring a 3D image. The drawback of this method is that the quality of colour of any cinematic image may be compromised to some degree by the need to look through these coloured filters.
Some glasses use a more advanced version of this idea. One of the lenses lets through only certain wavelengths of light of various colours while blocking others out, whereas the other lens does the opposite. This can improve the quality of colour, but otherwise works very much like anaglyph.
There is a type of electronic glasses that use a completely different method. These work by blacking out one lens while a film shows what that eye should see and then blacking out the other lens. In order for the brain not to be bothered by this, the flickering has to be at a high frequency and must be completely in synchronisation with the film. This requires expensive glasses in which flickering can be kept in time with the film either by a wire, which is cumbersome, or wirelessly, which further raises the price of the glasses. For this reason, this method has not been widely used in 3D cinema.
Rather than sacrificing image colour quality with anaglyphs, or forcing viewers to pay huge prices to watch films with expensive glasses, the polarisation method is widely used. It allows for high colour quality but requires an expensive screen, as the polarisers only let half of the light through to each eye. This means that the colours in the film must be intensified, otherwise they could appear dimmed to viewers. However, it does allow for much cheaper glasses, reducing costs when hundreds of people watch the same viewing of a film. There are two types of polarisation that are used in 3D cinema, with both taking advantage of light waves oscillating perpendicular to the direction in which the light travels.
The simplest form of polarisation is plane polarisation. In normal light, the oscillation is in all directions at right angles to the light’s direction of travel, but if light is plane polarised by being passed through a filter, all the oscillations are in the same direction. For example, viewers can wear glasses with one lens polarised to block out the horizontally polarised light, only letting through the vertically polarised light and only letting the viewer see the image formed from vertically polarised light. The other lens can then do the opposite, blocking vertically polarised light and so providing the other eye with a different image: that in horizontally polarised light. The problem with this is that the glasses have to be kept completely straight; if they are tilted too far one way or the other, both eyes will start to be able to see both images, as the polarisers will not be orientated in the same direction as the light.
This effect can be avoided if circular polarisation is used instead. With circularly polarised light, as opposed to oscillating in just two planes, the light wave describes a circle. To create this, light must be first polarised in a horizontal and vertical direction, but the wavelengths are made to oscillate out of sync with one another by just a quarter of a wavelength. As these wavelengths approach the eye, the combination of the out of sync light waves is equivalent to them forming a circle.
A filter is made from an anisotropic material that forces the light to travel more slowly in one direction. Therefore, one of the planes of light becomes a quarter of a wavelength behind the other plane, creating the circular polarisation. Whether the horizontally or vertically polarised light is delayed determines whether the light is circularly polarised in a clockwise or an anti-clockwise direction. So that each eye sees only one of the images, the glasses must undo this polarisation. The light must travel through another layer of anisotropic material, so that it is plane polarised again, and then through a polariser. Clockwise and anti-clockwise polarised light travelling through the same anisotropic material would come out plane polarised at 90 degrees to each other. Each lens of the 3D glasses has a different plane polarised filter so each eye sees a different image, either horizontal or vertical waves, which the brain can convert into a 3D picture.
This is the method most commonly used in cinemas today. If you take two pairs of these 3D glasses, you can see that they work by circular and not plane polarisation. By wearing a pair with one eye open and looking at a friend wearing another pair, one of the lenses should appear blacked out. Furthermore, it should be the same lens regardless of how much you tilt your head.
3D cinema has come a long way since its invention. Through the early anaglyph images with fairly poor colour quality, we have now moved to glasses with polarisers that are capable of showing high quality 3D images. As this technology continues to develop, we can expect a cinema experience that will become more and more convincingly 3D.
Aaron Barker is a 4th year student in the Department of Earth Sciences Clever applications of physics and the large market envisaged by the film industry have driven this technology rapidly forwards since its resurgence in the 1980’s. Many films these days are being made in 3D, but often the relatively simple technology behind them is poorly understood.


2 Challenges You Do Not Realize With Regards To LASIK Eye Surgical TreatmentThe eye can be taken a look at with relative ease as to both its function and its structure. A practical evaluation includes the ability to relocate the orbit and the reaction of the pupil to light and lodging.
The function of the eye may be evaluated in several ways. The client may be asked to determine illuminated letter or things of varying sizes on what is understood as the Snellen chart.
On the other hand, the assessment of the structural part of the eye may be made in a number of methods. Stress within the eyeball is determined by a "tonometer." In certain illness, specifically in glaucoma, the tension in the eyeball is increased noticeably.
It needs to be well remembered that a patient with an eye problem might have other problems. Typically other physical conditions are main and impact the eye as a consequence. The appearance of the eye can notify the doctor and the client to troubles in some disturbances of other parts of the body even before other symptoms present themselves.
As a result, one's reliance on sight is stressed when one faces a possible or short-term long-term loss of this crucial sense. When restorative procedures are looked for, specific types of vision correction such as contact lenses or glasses are prescribed.
On the other hand, some people are troubled with the reality that they have some framed lenses or contact lenses in front of their eyes.
For this reason, advanced surgeries were developed to encourage reduced utilization of contact lenses or glasses. One of which is the now popular LASIK eye surgery.
Generally, LASIK eye surgical treatment is the brief term for "Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis." Like its tangible counterpart, LASIK eye surgical treatment is another type of vision correction. The only difference is that with this kind of surgery, one's vision is corrected permanently.
With LASIK eye surgical treatment, the refractive errors in the cornea are completely changed. This can be done using an "excimer laser."
The primary purpose of this surgical treatment is to produce a threadlike, rounded "flap" in the cornea using a blade called "microkeratome." In a series of unfolding and laser processing, the cornea is finally reformed, allowing much better the eye to direct more light into the retina.
Popularity vs. Disadvantages
In the middle of the growing popularity of LASIK eye surgical treatment, there are still disadvantages that people need to know. Most likely, the main reason that this type of eye surgical treatment has ended up being well accepted is because the majority of its cases had actually achieved success.
Nevertheless, in spite of its success, there are still some drawbacks. Here is the list:
1. It is an operation applied to the most delicate part of the eye
Because LASIK eye surgery includes the operation of the retina, which is among the most Continued sensitive parts of the eye, many individuals state that the operation can be very risky.
To puts it simply, a simple error might nearly trigger an individual's lifetime blindness. For this reason, it is necessary to consider many elements prior to choosing whether LASIK eye surgical treatment is the right corrective procedure one needs to go through.
2. It is not a ideal procedure
LASIK eye surgery may fix your vision but it does not necessarily indicate that it can offer you a best vision. Even if analytical reports reveal that 70% of the clients might have 20/20 vision, this does not always mean they have ideal vision as well.
Offered all these things, it can be deduced that, in spite of the appeal of the operation, news LASIK may not always be the ideal eye surgical treatment the method the majority of people see it
On the other hand, the evaluation of the structural part of the eye might be made in a number of methods. It ought to be well remembered that a patient with an eye issue might have other problems. Typically other physical conditions are main and impact the eye as a repercussion. The look of the eye can signal the physician and the client to problems in some disruptions of other parts of the body even before other symptoms provide themselves.
Like its tangible equivalent, LASIK eye surgical treatment is another form of vision correction.


Imaging the Universe
The Stratford upon Avon Astronomical Society's September lecture was given by Dr. Robert Massey. He came from London, to give us an excellent talk entitled "Imaging the Universe: The New Generation of Telescopes".
Dr Massey did a PhD at Manchester University before working as a further education lecturer in Brighton. He now works at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, specialising in Education and Public Outreach, a job that ranges from giving television interviews to making models of comets for primary schoolchildren.
Telescope technology has moved on greatly in the past few years. Before the 1990's we had no significant optical telescopes in space and no 8 metre class telescopes. The 5-metre Hale telescope on top of Mt. Palomar, Pasadena, California had remained the largest in the world since 1948.
Now, the Hubble Space Telescope with its 2.4 metre mirror has been in space for 13 years. The Very Large Telescope in Chile, which has four 8-metre mirrors, uses adaptive optics to produce excellent images. The four telescopes will eventually simulate a 100 metre aperture telescope when they work together, but at present the timing required to link them together is not accurate enough. On Hawaii, there are the Gemini North, Subaru and Keck telescopes, which are all greater than 8 metres, plus many others.
The most famous telescope is the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). It was Lyman Spitzer who proposed a space observatory in 1946, but it wasn't until 1977 that NASA gave the funding. It was named the Hubble Space Telescope after astronomer Edwin Hubble. The HST has a mirror with an aperture of 2.4 metres, with the surface correct to around 1/50th of the wavelength of light. Its resolution is 0.05 arc-seconds, about 10 times better than on Earth. It can reach a magnitude of 31 (a 20cm amateur telescope is capable of about magnitude 14) and operates from ultraviolet to near infrared wavelengths.
The HST was ultimately launched in April 1990 after being delayed following the Challenger accident. After its launch, it was discovered that the mirror had a spherical aberration that meant the images were fuzzy. The outer edge of the mirror was ground too flat by a depth of 4 microns (roughly equal to one fiftieth the thickness of a human hair). The flaw resulted in images that were fuzzy because some of the light from the objects being studied was being scattered. This was corrected by the first servicing mission in 1993, when the mirror was given some 'glasses'. This mission was successful, and since then, the telescope has made an enormous contribution to astronomy. It has discovered forming planetary systems, been used to measure the masses of black holes, resolved features on Pluto's surface and confirmed the extra-galactic nature of Gamma Ray Bursts. It is due for another service in 2005, so that it will continue to be a useful tool for astronomers.
Some facts about the Hubble Space Telescope...
Dr Massey concluded his talk with a description of future projects. This included animations of the Owl (Overwhelmingly Large) telescope, an instrument that will have a 100 metre primary mirror and a secondary mirror 200 metres above ground level.


The company Japan Display Inc. demonstrated its latest development – a 17.3-inch display with a resolution of 8K-capable to provide incredible detail and lifelike pictures.
Using a low-temperature polysilicon LTPS technology allowed engineers to create a JDI IPS-matrix with a record for its size pixel density of 510 ppi. At a resolution of 7680×4320 pixels whole (about 33.2 M) and 120Hz screen view provides clear images of moving objects without blurring and color distortion. Monitors on the basis of a new 8K-panel ideal for professional photo and video.
According to the Japan Display, ultra-sharp display can also be used in medical and gaming monitors. When do you plan to begin mass production of screens with 8K-resolution, the company did not specify.


What are polarized sunglasses and why choose them.
Boat trip or mountain hike? Never without TBD Eyewear polarized sunglasses. Let's find out their characteristics together.
You have certainly heard of the polarized sunglasses, but do you know why are they different? Let's start with the premise that in the three-dimensional space, the natural light moves vertically, horizontally and within these two dimensions. During the horizontal movement, the light, which is called polarized, creates a visual disturbance, a reflection. This reverberation covers the entire field of the view and causes a color distortion and reduced the visibility.
How do polarized lenses work?
The lenses of the polarized sunglasses are able to absorb the horizontal sunshine rays responsible for glare, allowing only the useful vertical rays to pass through.
The advantages of the sunglasses with the polarized lenses
There are several advantages that the polarized filter of the sunglasses can guarantee:
- reduction of reverberation
- clear and clean vision
- increase in contrast and colors
- less eye strains
The polarized sunglasses are optimal especially for those who play sports, not necessarily at a competitive level, but also simply as a hobby. The polarized sports glasses are useful in natural environments such as the mountains, the sea, where the water or the snow can be a vehicle for the strong reflections and the visual disturbances. When practicing sports such as the skiing, the fishing, the mountaineering, it is necessary to use the polarized sports sunglasses.
The polarized lenses can be of different colors: grey, brown, pink and green. Depending on the use and the preferred chromatic effect, each colour has different characteristics. The grey lenses are perfect in situations of the direct and intense light, the brown lenses are the most versatile, ideal from the morning until the sunset. Pink lenses have a warm filter and green ones are suitable especially in conditions of variable brightness.
At TBD Eyewear, we’re pleased to present our best sellers with polarized green lenses, ideal for sporty use but also suitable for general use. They ensure optimal color perception even in low light conditions and less visual fatigue.
For whoever prefers squared acetate sunglasses, the Donegal Black with green polarized lenses will be the perfect ally for your morning golf match. On the other hand, if you cannot do without the round and harmonious shapes, you are spoilt for choice. We have created the honey-colored Welt model in a polarized version, for a dandy style; the Lapel tortoise model, unique acetate sunglasses; the Cran model available in transparent, honey and classic tortoise versions, perfect for an elegant style that never sets.
As always, our sunglasses are Made in Italy and handmade by our expert craftsmen, with a unique and elegant design, and obviously polarized.


This is an old revision of the document!
A photoresistor is a light-controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with the increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photoresistor can be applied in lightsensitive detector circuits. A photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. In the dark, a photoresistor can have a resistance as high as a few megohms (MΩ), while in the light, a photoresistor can have a resistance as low as a few hundred ohms. If incident light on a photoresistor exceeds a certain frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electrons (and their hole partners) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance. The resistance range and sensitivity of a photoresistor can substantially differ among dissimilar devices. Moreover, unique photoresistors may react substantially differently to photons within certain wavelength bands.


How To Use Night Vision With Spy Gadgets Goggles/Scopes
Have you ever considered how much fun it would be to have superhuman abilities that allow you to see in the dark? Have you ever
Date: 2/6/2022 9:29:34 AM ( 14 mon ) ... viewed 97 times
Have you ever considered how much fun it would be to have superhuman abilities that allow you to see in the dark? Have you ever fantasized about starring in your action-packed espionage film set at night? The devices you want to satiate your fantasies are night vision equipment. And among the widely selected platforms is.defendandcarry.com
These instruments, which were previously solely accessible to military people, are now available to you and me for private, commercial, or industrial usage. Goggles, scopes, and cameras are all equipment that is used to increase strength or spectral range in a dark area. Sites like check help you get what you want.
These gadgets allow users to see in the dark. A decent gadget will let you view a person who is 183 meters away. The gadget employs image enrichment technology, which captures small amounts of light and amplifies the picture for easier viewing. Thermal imaging is another device technique used in thermal optics that use thermal radiation to produce an image from the dark and can detect pictures in the presence of rain, smoke, or fog.
Night vision infrared technology
The usage of infrared machines is yet another breakthrough of these technologies. What was formerly a black image to the naked eye has been turned into monochromatic images with excellent quality, making it more apparent. Those that employ security software in their homes or businesses favor this infrared technology, which is not generally used in military operations.
Some of the most common varieties of night vision gadgets sold in shops
- Goggles are night vision equipment with two eyepieces, binoculars, or single lenses that are worn on the face. It is great for continual viewing and can be easily moved from one location to another.
- Scopes are monocular and may be carried with one hand or placed on a tripod. It’s the ideal device for obtaining a more accurate image of a certain item.
- Night vision cameras are perfect for monitoring your house or workplace for security purposes.
Features of night vision binoculars and monocles
Most of these machines contain switches that allow them to switch between radiation and an inert augmentation of the area’s existing luminance. If the night vision gadget is used with infrared instruments, expect a lot of battery usage; therefore bring a charger and additional batteries with you.
These technologies have gone a long way since they were only available to the military. We gain from its use as well; it aids ordinary folks like us whether camping or hunting. It also aids experts doing wildlife explorations, as well as police and security personnel, in detecting criminality and concealed objects.
However, depending on the technology used, night vision equipment might be used in two very different ways. Based on the technology used, night vision equipment might function in two very different ways. Image enhancement is one, while thermal imaging is the other.
These are the two most common forms of night vision equipment; there are more options to consider while making your decision.
Thermal imaging for thermal optics
This approach is capable of capturing an object’s heat. The brighter the hues, the warmer the thing. It’s especially handy if you’re hunting for animals or people because non-breathing materials like rocks and trees don’t show up very well. Thermal optics is the thing to use.Avple
Image enhancement this technique focuses on light particles that are too low or too tiny in the color spectrum for people to detect. In contrast to thermal imaging, picture enhancement has the advantage of allowing for easier object recognition. This sort of technology is responsible for the green tint in night vision pictures. When the picture passes through the lenses, it reaches a phosphor-coated screen. When electrons activate it, it glows. Because the human eye can see and discern shades of green better than any other color, the phosphors are purposefully colored green. Thermal optics helps in many ways.
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The LiveCamCroatia webcam system is increasingly replacing older webcams with new ones with HD resolution.
So from now on you can observe the center of Velika Gorica in a new, better picture. The outstanding 180 ° panoramic optics provide an excellent image in high resolution. Rich details and a quality image will best evoke the current atmosphere in the center of Velika Gorica.
This view provides you by the University of Velika Gorica in cooperation with the LiveCamCroatia portal.


New Canon EOS RP Budget Full-Frame Mirrorless Camera
- 26.2-megapixel image sensor
- Canon’s new RF mount for Canon EOS RP
- Also supports EF and EF-S with extra adaptor
- Coming with 24-105mm Lens, with the price Rs 1,99,490 in India.
In India, the EOS R and the EOS RP is going to compete with mirrorless cameras like the Sony A7 Mark 3 and recently launched mirrorless cameras like Nikon Z7 and the Nikon Z6.
The Canon EOS RP is based on the new RF mount, which first launch its the Canon EOS R in 2018. After few months of Canon EOS R, Canon has now launched the EOS RP in India. It is coming with more affordable price in India starting from Rs 1,10,495 (body only) and with the lens Canon 24-105mm it comes with the price Rs 1,99,490.
The EOS RP uses a 26.2-megapixel full-frame image sensor and comes with features like 4K video recording, eye AF and dual-pixel autofocus. Full-frame CMOS sensor and is powered by the same DIGIC 8 image processor.
EF and EF-S lenses are also going to fit with EOS RP as Canon is prepared an adapter which can be use with the camera.
The best benefit that the EOS RP offering its weight and dimensions. It’s also slimmer and lighter, weighing roughly 485 grams. More specifications include like 4,779 selectable autofocus (AF) points, a native ISO range of 100-40,000, 5fps burst shooting with One Shot AF mode (around 4fps with Servo AF), Dual Pixel AF, 4K video recording at 24fps, a fully articulating touchscreen display and built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Same as the EOS R, the EOS RP can also be charged through the USB Type-C port.


This short article assumes you are already encouraged concerning going ‘LED’ yet desire some details item concepts. In this write-up I would love to present 3 basic product categories that can be used to begin your shift to LED lights. Each suggestion is going to have more than one item possibility that can be customized to your precise demands. Also, each private product itself may different alternatives. We will discuss a few of these alternatives and also just how you ought to deal with picking each. This is essential as LEDs are a new modern technology as well as not every person recognizes what choices are available and even exactly just how to choose them.
The initial item category is LED the same level lights. Words the same level is an acronym for parabolic reflector. This is really not applicable to LEDs given that they have lenses as well as are no more dependent on reflectors to develop directional light. Actually the lenses on LED lights are a lot more reliable than reflectors. LED light is directional and also can be regulated precisely with the use of lenses. As long as we are discussing lenses that is going to be the initial point you will have to make a choice on. LED PAR lights can be acquired with different lens angles. Generally you will certainly have choices like 30, 45, and also 60 degree lenses. The lens manages the angle of the light. The tighter the angle the more focused the light, as well as the bigger the angle the more diffuse the light, yet a greater location will be lit up. A 45 level angle is possibly most all objective but visually, and mathematically thirds are nicer or a 60 or 30 degree angle. Usage 60 for general purpose and 30 for highlighting.
Next when you purchase a PAR light you would certainly have to pick the shade. One of the benefits of LEDs is that you can choose specifically the shade of the light. Typical choices are cozy white 2,800 – 3,800 K, industrial white 4,000 – 5,000 K, and pure white 6,000 – 6,500 K. Each color has its advantages relying on the situation. Warm white is finest for producing ambience, while pure white is a bit brighter as well as creates even more lumens per Watt. For safety and security lights you would certainly use pure white, for a bar most likely warm white.
Lastly, when it comes to LED PAR lights you would traffic light certainly have to choose the variety of Watts. I normally recommend multiplying by 5 to 10 when comparing to incandescents. So a 5 Watt LED resembles a 25 – 50 Watt incandescent. Technically the number ought to be 5 yet in addition to producing extra light LEDs focus it much better, and also this can raise the several to about 10. When making your selections bear in mind it is difficult to equip every opportunity. If you desire industrial white with a 45 level lens you might need to put in a demand. Attempt to intend in advance slightly, and also the added delay is well worth it.
The following category is recessed ceiling street lamp lights. LED recessed lights offer comparable alternatives on shade as well as lens angle. When it comes to ceiling lights you would certainly have to select the variety of LEDs. Typical is 3 Watt LEDs so for example you might obtain lights with 3 LEDs for 9 Watts or 5 LEDs for 15 Watts and more. You can make use of the above multiplication to pick the number of lights. LED recessed lights generally are available in their own real estate therefore are easy to set up. LEDs do not create much warmth, yet keep in mind to not place insulation straight in addition to the light. I don’t think you were mosting likely to do that. LED recessed lights can have flexible heads as well as hardened glass treatments. Making use of a grid of such lights to light a big location can develop a nice result. Effectively put LED recessed lights can be a nice enhancement to your home illumination.
Ultimately, I would like to briefly discuss light bars, as well as light strips. These can be utilized for accent illumination, cabinet illumination, as well as wall surface lighting. Once more properly placed these can be made use of to achieve some very wonderful impacts. If you are creating a brand-new addition to your house you might intend to use light bars or light strips to highlight the functions or add an extra subtle lights.


Advanced Eye Care Technology
Advanced medical diagnostic technologies previously only available in major medical centers are now available to area eye doctors and patients alike. We pride ourselves on our ability to stay up to date on the latest advancements in diagnostic technology and incorporate this technology into our electronic health records to facilitate efficient and top quality eye care. At Tech Ridge Vision, computerized examination instruments are used to supplement, rather than replace, personalized care and physician expertise.
All procedures are covered by medical insurance and are priced based on the Medicare fee schedule, providing low out of pocket expenses for the uninsured and patients with high or unmet deductibles.
Marco 3-D Wave™ HD Vision Tester
This technology quickly scans the eye for a wavefront analysis of your HD vision prescription, night vision prescription, pupil size, corneal shape and cataracts. In short, the system gives us vision diagnostic capabilities that in the past were simply unavailable.
Zeiss Cirrus™ HD-OCT
This laser retinal scanner provides wide field, high resolution scans for examination of retinal thickness and contour, optic nerve topography, as well as iris and corneal position. This instrument is helpful in obtaining retinal analysis for a wide variety of eye conditions, ranging from chronic conditions such as glaucoma, diabetes, and macular degeneration to acute conditions such as retinal detachment, stroke, or tumor. It also provides advanced diagnostic imaging of the front of the eye for evaluation of eye tumors, lens implant complications, cataracts, cornea disease and glaucoma.
Zeiss Visucam Pro™
This retinal camera documents various eye diseases, facilitating diagnosis and better medical management. This instrumentation is invaluable to an eye care physician because it is our best means of distinguishing between a stable and a progressing condition. Retinal photography is useful in managing such conditions as eye tumors, glaucoma, diabetic eye care, hypertensive eye care, floaters, and retinal tears or detachments.
Konan™ Specular Microscope
This microscope provides a corneal cell count and high resolution corneal evaluation for advanced diagnosis of corneal disorders such as Fuch’s dystrophy, corneal edema, lens implant complications from cataract surgery, and gradual cell damage from long-term wear of contact lenses or dry eye syndrome.
TelScreen™ EyeRes Digital Imaging
This imaging system allows us to record high resolution video and photography of all structures of the eye so that we may provide medical image documentation of disease or therapy progression. We have also found this system to be an excellent way for us to educate you on your eye health status.
Humphrey Matrix® Perimeter
This technology allows for accurate assessment of neurological conditions such as stroke and brain tumors, as well as vision disorders such as glaucoma and macular degeneration. It accurately evaluates for central and peripheral visual field loss.


When the sun sets, the first thing you notice is how much light it casts across the sky.
But what about the other wavelengths?
If you were a fan of the sunsets of the late 20th century, the answer may not be the bright colors but the contrast between them.
To help us decide, let’s take a look at the spectrum of the morning sun.
The light is reflected by water droplets in the sky, but it’s the wavelength of light at which you see this reflected light that is important.
A good example of this is a sunrise, in which the water droplet reflection reflects a much larger portion of the sunlight back towards you than it does at sunset.
This allows for a better view of the sunrise from a safe distance.
The longer the day, the more contrast you’ll see.
Sunrise and sunset wavelengths are also quite different, but that’s not necessarily a bad thing.
In the mornings, the sun is only about a half-degree above the horizon and you’re seeing the whole spectrum.
In other words, the sunlight is just as bright at the sunrise, even though you’re only looking at a fraction of it.
This is why we often see the sunrise in our city skyline, the way it would look at night.
The sunsets are much, much darker, with the Sun set much closer to the horizon than it is at sunrise.
This difference in the wavelengths helps explain why the sun’s position on the sky is a big deal in some locations, and a big pain in others.
Sunrises and sunsets have different wavelengths of light, but they’re also very similar.
Sunlight is polarized to be reflected and refracted.
The polarization of light is the way light is focused in our eyes.
The light that we see at the horizon reflects light at different wavelengths.
For example, the blue part of the spectrum (the light that reaches our eyes) is mostly absorbed by the retina, and the red part is mostly scattered by the cornea.
As a result, the red light is much more intense, while the blue light is less intense.
Sunlight also has a wavelength.
As it falls on the Earth’s surface, it bounces off of the planet and bounces back.
In Earth’s atmosphere, this bounces off the atmosphere and gets reflected back to the Earth, which bounces it off again, and so on.
This makes the Sun appear much, very small in the skies above us, but in the far reaches of space, it looks much, far bigger.
To find out which wavelengths are more useful for viewing the sun at sunset, we need to look at how the Sun moves.
If the Sun was always perfectly still, then we’d never have a chance to see it.
But the Sun is moving at nearly constant speed, and that motion makes it possible to see a very different scene from what we would otherwise see.
The Earth’s rotation means that the Sun’s path around the Sun changes, making the sky darker.
The way the Earth spins also makes it difficult for us to see objects that we could never see at sunset due to their positions on the sunlit sky.
The Sun is an extremely bright object, but even when it’s at its absolute brightest, it doesn’t appear to be shining.
Instead, the Sun seems to be just barely visible in the middle of the night sky, and then disappears.
It’s a very unusual sight, and it’s one that we often miss because of our viewing distance.
Sunrises are also much darker than sunset.
Because the Sun appears to be moving much faster, it appears as if it’s moving much slower than it actually is.
It also moves in a way that makes it easier for us not to see the Sun as we see it from above.
The same phenomenon happens when we look at stars in the night skies.
The Sun appears bright and shining because the light from the stars is reflecting off of water dropt on the ground, but we can’t see it because we’re so far away.
The only way to really see the sun in the morning is if you’re on a fixed position.
But because the Sun rises at different times each day, you’ll have to look in different directions to find the sun.
When you’re sitting at your desk, the sky in the east and west will be much more clear than the sky over your house, but you’ll miss the Sun if you look to the west.
In the evening, the night horizon is only a few degrees above the sky at sunrise, but this means you’re probably not going to see any stars or any of the planets.
And even when you do, the horizon is a dark grey in the evening sky, not even a full moon.
You can’t really see planets beyond the inner planets.
As for the Sun, the brightness it gives off varies based on the time of day.
At dawn and dusk, the intensity of the Sun increases, but when it sets, it


Additonal authors: Toro, C.A.. Book title: Proceedings of the 58th Conference of Metallurgists Hosting Copper 2019. Chapter: . Chapter title:
Torres, S. N.
This work presents visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy measurements, and signal analytical techniques to characterize minerals and relevant pyrometallurgical process variables for the copper extractive industry. Data signal processing techniques such as baseline correction and numerical analysis are used to estimate the continuous and discontinuous spectral components. Such spectral components are used to estimate the process temperature, and patterns such as the integrated radiation. Also, metal combustion emissivity calculation are depicted. Our findings suggest that VIS-NIR spectroscopy may be a suitable technique to assess the process condition state, appearing as an interesting sensing alternative.
Although the flash smelting process is one key stage in the copper extractive industry, representing about 40% of copper matte production worldwide (Cantallopts, 2017), few attention is dedicated to develop sensing solutions to assess process variables, such as mineralogical composition and temperature, in the feeding and bleeding stages, compared to the steel industry (Strakowski, et al., 2014). In this process and other industries, e.g. the thermoelectric power generation one, combustion and particularly the generated flame are the production chain’s heart. Since the flame is a highly radiative emitting process where chemical and physical transformations take place, many works had been dedicated to characterize the combustion state by sensing its radiation using optical and photonic technologies (Ballester & García-Armingol, 2010). In this context, this work aims to contribute with visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy and pyrometry techniques to retrieve relevant information from a laboratory scale flash smelting process.
On the other hand, since photonic instrumentation allow us to perform contactless measurements of emitted, absorbed, transmitted or scattered radiation, it appears as a suitable technique for sensing process properties in harsh environments, e.g. high temperature processes. One of these techniques is the Visible- Near Infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy, which provides information about the spectral radiation intensity distribution, in this work, the emitted flame’s radiation. It is well known in combustion research that the spectral emission from a flame is composed by a black body continuous radiation background, molecular emissions, elemental emissions and additive noise features (Arias et al., 2011). To make sense of such information signal processing techniques are needed, here we propose to analyse the continuous and discontinuous spectral components separately.


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The manufacture of optical fibers requires several gases of very high purity in the various stages of its production, due to the great exigency of rigid specifications of the Telecommunications industry.
The three main sectors of the Lighting industries are: general lighting, automotive lighting and opto-electronic semiconductors. An example of this is Xenon car lights, which use half the energy. Rare gases - such as Argon and Xenon - are a key part of the product and the production.


The Agilent 240 AA system combines rugged and reliable hardware with easy-to-use software, making it ideal for low-throughput laboratories. Featuring true double-beam optics, D2 background correction, and the Mark 7 flame atomization system (standard), the 240 AA system is well suited to environmental, food, and agriculture applications. The Mark 7 spray chamber is simple to use, with twist-and-lock assembly and plastic components designed to handle the challenging samples encountered in materials and mining applications. The 240 AA can be fitted with a full range of AA accessories to further extend its capabilities.
Designed for dusty, corrosive environments—completely sealed optics with quartz overcoated mirrors; optional air purge continually cleans the inside of the instrument to exclude corrosive vapors.
Fast response background correction—the high intensity deuterium background corrector has a fast 2-ms response time ensuring accurate correction of transient background signals.
Easy lamp maintenance—the lamp is immediately accessible for easy adjustment or replacement without needing to remove the instrument covers.
Automation to fit the need and budget—Automatic wavelength and slit selection, four fixed-lamp positions for quick, reliable lamp changes, and a next lamp warm-up feature that saves analysis time.
Expandable—analyze mercury and hydrides at trace ppb levels using the continuous flow vapor generation accessory (VGA 77). Add the ETC 60 for unattended, flameless atomization of hydride elements.
Upgradable—The 240 AA can be easily upgraded at any time.
Reduces ownership costs—Rapid troubleshooting and fault diagnosis keep your lab up and running faster. The Telediagnostics option connects to our worldwide network of on-line support personnel.


20190923· What is an infrared sensor? An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor.
20201211· In this project, a proximity sensor built using IR LED and IR photodiode is used. The proximity sensors built using IR LEDs can sense objects at a short range of few centimeters. The sensor is interfaced with Arduino for application demonstration. In this project, we simply fast blink an LED as the sensor detects a near approaching object.
IR Sensor. The infrared Obstacle Sensor Module has a builtin IR transmitter and IR receiver that sends out IR energy and looks for reflected IR energy to detect the presence of any obstacle in front of the sensor module. The module has an onboard potentiometer that lets users adjust the detection range.
20180830· IR LED emits light, in the range of Infrared frequency. IR light is invisible to us as its wavelength (700nm – 1mm) is much higher than the visible light range. IR LEDs have light emitting angle of approx. 2060 degree and range of approx. few centimeters to several feets, it depends upon the type of IR transmitter and the manufacturer.
20200112· An Infrared sensor or commonly known as IR Sensor is an electronic device, used to sense the heat of an object and motion of an object. Basically, an IR Sensor can detect Infrared radiation that is not visible with naked eyes. A body when heated radiates infrared light …
20191223· When it comes to distance sensors, there are many types; ultrasonic, IR proximity, laser distance, etc. and selecting the right one for your next Arduino or Raspberry Pi project could be a tough task to handle. Hence, today we''ll be looking at the plethora of distance sensors, its types, and answering which one is best suited for you!
Building an IR Bridge with the SmartThings ThingShield. Project tutorial by Juan Pablo Risso. 10,434 views. 10 comments. 28 respects. This project is used to measure temperature by Infrared thermometer automatically and inform result by speaker. It also comment your result.
20180711· Infrared Sensor Library for Proteus. First of all, download the Library files of this IR Sensor by clicking the below button: Download Infrared Sensor Library for Proteus. After downloading this file extract it and you will find three Library files in it, named as:
20190729· An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measures and detects infrared radiation in its surrounding environment. Infrared radiation was accidentally discovered by an astronomer named William Herchel in 1800. While measuring the temperature of each color of light (separated by a prism), he noticed that the temperature just beyond the ...
A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIRbased motion sensors are commonly used in security alarms and automatic lighting applications. PIR sensors detect general movement, but do not give information on who or what moved.
How UV, IR and Imaging Detectors Work. Fire detection is based on various properties of fire such as smoke emission, a rise in temperature and optical radiation emission. In large spaces or outdoor environments, optical flame detection is one of the fastest and most reliable methods of detection. Such types of detection are based on radiation ...
Making an Analog IR sensor is relatively easier than making a digital one. All we need is an IR LED and a photodiode, both with series resistors with them. To make one, just remove everything on the right (starting from the IC) of the circuit diagram given below in the “How Does It Work” section.
20170126· The infrared detectors are the pyroelectric sensors which detect the light spectrum’s infrared wavelength , They are usually emitters as well , They can be made of a phototransistor , photodiode , or photoresistor as these are basically the same device , They have many uses and they are essential to the transference of infrared light .
Advantages and Disadvantages of Infrared sensor. This page covers advantages and disadvantages of Infrared mentions Infrared sensor advantages and Infrared sensor disadvantages. Definition: The Infrared sensor is a device which uses infrared waves to sense characteristics of is used to measure heat emitted by object or human beings.
These are great for Arduino gardening projects. Buy on Amazon. Temperature Sensor. The KY013 Analog Temperature sensor measures ambient temperature from 55℃ / +125℃ with an accuracy of ± ℃. This is commonly used to measure the temperature of devices and enclosures of your Arduino projects. Buy on Amazon.
Learn: how HCSR501 motion sensor works, how to connect motion sensor to Arduino, how to code for motion sensor, how to program Arduino step by step. The detail instruction, code, wiring diagram, video tutorial, linebyline code explanation are provided to help you quickly get started with Arduino. Find this and other Arduino tutorials on
20180929· Infrared Sensor is most used sensor in wireless technology where remote controlling functions and detection of surrounding objects/ obstacles are involved. This post will discuss about what is Infrared Sensor, its working principle, how it works, types, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
20180723· 10 IR Sensor projects that you can do. As artificial replications of human senses continue to give robots all the capabilities required to come to life. The line separating the two fades. Among all the senses vision is a vital sense in humans. Allowing us to learn more about the surrounding world than we do with any of the other four senses.
Thermocouples: These are voltage devices that indicate temperature measuring with a change in voltage. As temperature goes up, the output voltage of the thermocouple rises. Resistor temperature detectors (RTD): The resistance of the device is directly proportional to the temperature, increase in a positive direction when the temperature rises resistance going up.
20181006· Hey guys! Today we are going to learn about IR sensors, their working, types, and pinout. After covering the basics of IR sensors, you will learn how to Hey guys! Today we are going to learn how to use or how to interface an IR sensor with Arduino. So here is your Beginners Guide To IR Sensor.
20190722· Infrared Sensor Tutorial for Arduino, ESP8266 and ESP32. In this tutorial you learn how to use an infrared sensor in combination with the NEC Infrared Transmission Protocol. At the end of this tutorial, you build a project with the VS1838B infrared sensor to read and encode infrared signals from a …


cheap price 4 lens 4 heads RGBY multi color dj equipment stage disco laser lights
This laser christmas projector lights outdoor,creat multi color rgb color high beam laser light , It's the best choice to buy laser machine for KTV, club, pub, dj, party etc.
- One piece into one colorful box or inner carton.
- 4,12 or 24 pieces into one outer carton.
- Air shipping, China post (E-Packet), Express (DHL, UPS, FEDEX, EMS)
- Sea shipping, from Shenzhen port or Guangzhou port to any other’s destination port.
1. Payment, 30% T/T as deposit before production , 70% balance before shipment .
2. Price Term, EXW Ingleby factory, FOB Shenzhen, CIF your destination port.
3. Leading Time, within 3- 10 working days after payment confirmed
-Small quantities of samples we can accept.
-Sample delivery time is around 1-5 days after confirmation
-We accept OEM order and we can help customer design
-We also offer ODM service to customer when needed
- We offer quick after-sale service
- Any quality issue, once confirmed is our responsibility, we will compensate our customer
Ingleby led stage lights advantage:
1. Our purchase department always get the better price in the same qulity parts, it caused we have competitive price for customers.
2. Our QC workers has more than 8 years inspection experiences, good at control the quality.
3. We have a excellent professional sale team including the domestic sellers and foreign sellers, reply you fast in 24 hours.
4. OEM service accepted, we can make the goods in customize packages in lower price.
-Q1. Are you factory?
A1. Yes, we are factory, welcome to visit us in Dongguan City, Guangdong province.
-Q2. Do the stage lights have warranty?
A2. Yes, one year.
-Q 3. Do the lights have Minimum Order Quantity asked?
A3. In our standard package, we don’t have MOQ asked, any quantities are acceptable.
-Q4. How to classify the laser product?
A4. The laser class is depending on the Laser output power.
Output laser power
Basically, no danger for eyes, no danger laser radiation.
0.4 mw - 1 mw
Caused to be dizzy, close eyes to protect ourselves, avoid direct eye exposure.
1 mw - 5 mw
Avoid direct eye exposure
5 mw - 500 mw
It’s danger to direct see the beam in 1 meters, avoid direct eye exposure
Easy to catch a fire, children can’t see the laser directly by eyes.(dangerous)
-Q5. How about laser class requires in different area?
A5: Different area has the different requires about the laser class.
Laser rating requires
Our mini laser light is belong to Class Ⅱ
Mini laser light, outdoor laser light are belong to Class ⅢA
-Q6. Do Ingleby has IP65 outdoor laser light?
A6. Yes, we have IP65 outdoor laser light.
-Q7. Except the outdoor laser light, what’s the IP rating of your products?
A7. Most of our products are IP33.


In addition to audio, Digital Dogsitter can also record video of your dog being alone. However, to guarantee a good and clear image quality, you should keep a few things in mind.
Regardless of the device or camera you use, one of the most important things when recording a video is adequate lighting of the space. No camera on the market can shoot a clear and grain-free image in the dark (except for infrared cameras), so the better quality video you want to record, the more light should enter the room from windows and lighting.
Almost every digital device nowadays has some kind of camera, but there are big differences between different devices and cameras. The newer the device, the better the quality of the camera usually is. Separate web cameras are also available for computers (laptops and desktop computers), which can be connected either via a USB cable or a wireless connection. In most cases, a separate camera enables the best image quality. In addition to better image quality, with a separate camera it is also possible to position the camera more freely.
For most mobile devices and laptop cameras, there are also field of view widening lenses available that can be attached to the camera. In this way you can get a better view of a large room, which normally a camera with a rather narrow field of view would not be able to see.


Hubble telescope 'in terrific state'
Scientists say they have every hope that the Hubble Space Telescope will keep working for at least another five years, perhaps more.
The famous observatory is about to celebrate its 25th birthday.
Key figures on the mission told a major conference in California that the instruments it uses to detect objects on the sky are all in perfect health.
Nasa's Hubble project scientist Dr Jennifer Wiseman gave our correspondent Jonathan Amos an update on the famous observatory.
17 Feb 2015
- From the section Science & Environment


The difference between X-Rays and visible light rays is the energy level of the individual photons.
Most of the time the objects that are analysed are located on a conveyer belt and moving through an X-Ray beam.
X-Ray photon detectors capture the transmitted x-ray photons after have passed throughout the objects on the conveyor belt.
The ME100 counts the transmitted photons and measures their energy at 8 bit resolution (256 energy “bins” or levels). This enables the attenuation spectra to be obtained for each object on the conveyor belt.
Having the complete x-ray attenuation spectra of different objects in the image enables objects with similar atomic composition to be discriminated.
ME100 system provides real time capabilities to count x-ray photons at high flux levels and precisely measure the energy of each photon. The system thereby enables attenuation spectra to be reconstructed over 256 energy bins between 20 keV and 160 keV.
Thanks to the high spectral quality, material specific x-ray signatures can be measured with significantly increased accuracy and precision giving rise to improved material discrimination and identification.
Current maximum counting rates range from 6 to 8 mega photon counts per second per square millimeter.
This makes this technology compatible with most of the transmission “linescan” x-ray imaging technology in terms of belt speeds and x-ray photon flux.


Track-etched polycarbonate membranes (TEPM) are commercially available membranes typically used in particle filtration due to the pores present in their surfaces. This porous structure reminds of that of a Fabry-Pérot interferometer made on porous silicon, an optical structure long employed in optical chemical sensing. Because of this morphological similarity, we hypothesized that TEPM could exhibit a similar optical response and thus being useful for creating simpler to fabricate, easily available and low cost chemical sensors. To asses this hypothesis, we investigated the optical response of TEPM in the infrared range, improved it by chemically attaching the membranes to a silicon flat surface and then, performed reflectivity measurements in presence of different concentrations of ethanol.
When exposing a TEPM to a change of the refractive index of the medium it is surrounded by (air) by placing a drop of ethanol, with a higher refractive index, we can observe a shift of its spectrum towards higher wavelengths. This indicates the presence of the solvent, and we could check that the bigger the concentration, the bigger the magnitude of that shift. Furthermore, when the solvent is evaporated the spectrum returns to its initial position, which allowed us to perform different concentration sensing steps using the same sample. These promising results, although early, could indicate the utility of these membranes to easily fabricate cheap chemical sensors and, probably, optical biosensors as their surface can be chemically modified.
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is currently the gold-standard biomarker for the fast and early detection of a myocardial failure. Within this context, in this work we report a computational study of the interactions of the cTnI antibody (αcTnI) capture probe with cTnI and its principal interferon, skeletal troponin I (sTnI). This study allows having a better understanding of those biochemical interactions and to computationally predict the binding performance and the selectivity of the αcTnI to cTnI versus sTnI. This information is very relevant for the development of analysis systems for myocardial failure diagnosis based on cTnI detection.
The computational study was performed using different simulation platforms. FTSite and FTMap were used for the determination and mapping of the binding sites sequences . Then, FTDock and pyDock were used to study the molecular dockings . Thus, several energies parameters were generated and represented as well.
This study can also be applied to a wide range of different scenarios were other targets (e.g., lipids, oligonucleotides, etc.) or other applications (e.g., pharmacological drug design) are considered.
 Y. Yuan, J. Pei, L. Lai. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2016, 19 (12), 2326-2333.
 M. Cheng, L. Blundell, J. Fernandez-Recio. Proteins. 2007, 68, 503-515.


Subscribe to CNN’s Wonder Theory science newsletter. Explore the universe with news of fascinating discoveries, scientific advances and more.
James Webb Space Telescope is ready to observe the universe.
The massive glass of the space laboratory, capable of observing the most distant parts of space, is now completely aligned, According to NASA’s web team.
The Web, hailed as the world’s leading space laboratory, has successfully completed several important steps in the last few months in refurbishing its 18 gold glass parts.
December 25 The glass is too large to fit inside the launched rocket. After reaching an orbit One million miles from Earth In January, the Web began the careful process of spreading and aligning its glass.
Can be seen inside the web Atmospheres of extraterrestrials And Consider some of the first galaxies The universe was created after the beginning by observing them with infrared light invisible to the human eye.
The first high-resolution images of the web cosmos are not expected until the end of June, as tracking equipment still needs to be calibrated. But test results released by NASA on Thursday show clear, well-focused images capable of capturing four of the observatory’s instruments. Together, these images share the full view of the telescope. Webb’s glasses transmit focused light from space to each instrument, and those instruments capture images.
For the experiment, Webb observed a small neighboring satellite galaxy called the Big Magellanic Cloud. The dense field of a galaxy with hundreds of thousands of stars can be seen in experimental images.
Lee Feinberg, Web Optical Telescope Organ Manager at NASA’s Goddard Space Aviation Center, said: “These remarkable experimental images of the successfully aligned telescope demonstrate what can be achieved when people across countries and continents have the bold scientific vision to explore the universe.
Since the telescope team is already performing better than expected, it expects it to be higher than the goals to be achieved.
“These images have profoundly changed the way I view the universe,” Scott Acton, Paul Aerospace’s web wave perception and control scientist, said in a statement. “We are surrounded by the symphony of creation; There are galaxies everywhere! My hope is that everyone in the world can see them.
An earlier image, shared in March, shows that the Web can use individual parts of its glass as a giant 21-foot, 4-inch (6.5-meter) mirror and capture light from a star.
For the next two months, the team will ensure that all scientific instruments are calibrated.
Each tool has a number of specialized detection tools with custom equipment to help achieve Webb’s scientific objectives, and all tools must be configured before they can be declared ready.
This summer, let’s take a look at the first shots of the heat that can unravel the mysteries of the universe.
“Friend of animals everywhere. Devoted analyst. Total alcohol scholar. Infuriatingly humble food trailblazer.”


Availability: In Stock
The Fenix BT10 professional bike light features broad floodlight, close-in visibility and long-range illumination. BT10 employs the neutral white LED featuring the advantages of strong penetration power and good color rendering, which helps night riders better identify the color of objects and outdoor conditions, ensuring safety when mountain biking, touring, commuting, etc.
With the strong innovation capability, Fenix lauched the first bike lights with Dual Distance Beam System, producing close-in visibility and long-range illumination as well as broad flood beam. With the user-friendly structure design, quality material and waterproof to IPX-6 standard, Fenix bike lights are the best choice for professional riders and ensure the users a safe and excellent riding experience during the night riding.
The Fenix BT10 professional bike light features broad floodlight, close-in visibility and long-range illumination.


The 4f, No.2 Building, Nanjing Economic & Technical Development Zone, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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OVL (Nanjing) Electronics Co., Ltd., is being engaged in the manufacture of many kind of mini lamps and relative materials, such as CCFL, LCD CCFL backlight, CCFL with wire, EEFL, CCFL ring, CCFL PC kit, CCFL Fan, Sound Controller, UV Lamp, LCD LED backlight, LED light bulb for LCD, LED strip, CCFL inverter, LED panel light, LED X-ray viewer, LCD Backlight components, it was established in 2001.


Grobs Basic Electronics 11th Edition Pdf Download
There are two different tests for finding out how strong an electrical circuit is – the triangle test and the loop test.1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a laser recording apparatus for forming images on a photosensitive material. More particularly, the invention relates to a laser recording apparatus which uses a photosensitive material comprising a support and a photosensitive layer provided thereon, on which the irradiation of laser light is performed from an elliptic cross section aperture which is formed in a developer unit of the apparatus and which corresponds to the recording image to be formed.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the field of laser recording, a laser beam of a short wavelength is modulated based on an original image signal to be recorded, and this modulated laser beam is irradiated onto a photosensitive material thereby to form an image. To record the image on the photosensitive material, a solid laser of a specific wavelength is used. Further, in the field of laser recording, it is generally known that the quality of the image-recorded image is largely dependent on the pattern shape of an aperture which is used to control the intensity of the laser beam used for image recording (hereinafter simply referred to as an “image formation aperture”).
There are some aperture shapes which have been proposed as an example of the image formation aperture. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 06(1994)-84106 discloses the following aperture shape as an example. Specifically, a linear image formation aperture is extended so as to be curved in such a way that its image formation direction is inclined with respect to the moving direction of the photosensitive material, so that the intensity of the laser beam at a specific location is controlled by adjusting the scanning speed thereof in accordance with the inclination of the image formation aperture. In addition, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 05(1993)-177203 discloses an aperture shape such that the image formation aperture is linearly rectilinear and extended so as to be curved or arcuate, the center line of which is parallel to the direction of the scanning movement of the photosensitive material.
However, when it comes to the above conventional techniques, the following problem occurs. That is, when the image formation aperture is formed in an elongated shape, it is possible to control the intensity of the laser beam by adjusting the scanning speed of the laser beam in accordance with the shape of the elongated image formation aperture. However, when a rectangular image formation aperture is https://blueridgealchemy.net/felix-crack-keygen-updated/
“The eleventh edition of Grob’s Basic Electronics should make an excellent initial entry point for the study of classical basics of electronic physics and its application to the design of circuits and components.. a fast and accurate PSpice simulation mode.
Grobs Basic Electronics 11th Edition Solutions Manual by Mitchel E. Schultz Pdf
Grobs Basic Electronics Solutions Manual 11th Edition Pdf DownloadGrobs Basic Electronics 11th Edition Solutions Manual – Free sample of the Grob Basic Electronics Solutions Manual is available. This download is provided to help you with your homework and to give you a practice with the understanding of the exercises and their meaning.
Electronics-Oslo-1. The first edition of this book was published in 1951. The second edition was published in 1965 as the first Canadian Guide. The third edition was published in 1967 as the second Canadian Guide.. in Electrical Engineering (OSLO), or contact the editor.
Grobs Basic Electronics 11th Edition Solutions Manual | MyGrocers
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Grob’s Basic Electronics Solutions Manual 11th Edition PDF – Ex-Libris
How to Open Grob’s Basic Electronics Solutions Manual 11th Edition as PDF in. Independent self study book manual for the Grob Basic Electronics Solutions 11th edition.
Grob’s Basic Electronics Solutions Manual 11th Edition Gebundene ISBN 1-3526-4884-9. Grob’s Basic Electronics Solutions Manual 11th Edition. Gebundene Ausgabe [PDF] Skript: Grobs Basic Electronics Solutions Manual 11th Edition. Titel: Grob’s Basic Electronics Solutions Manual 11th Edition. Herkunft: Grob’s Basic Electronics Solutions Manual 11th Edition. Gutachten: Grob’s Basic Electronics Solutions Manual 11th Edition. Wissenschaftliche Art: Grob’s Basic Electronics Solutions Manual 11th Edition. ISBN-10: 1-3526-4884-9. ISBN-13: 978-3526-4884-3. Zitate: z. Grobs Basic Electronics Solutions Manual 11th Edition Gutachten was last modified: May 2nd, 2018.
Professional solutions manuals for the above course manuals also available in Adobe Acrobat format for viewing on a PC or Mac. The manuals are available below: *Best Books for Electrical


Comparison of phase contrast, fluorescence and SPR imaging of fixed vSMC 24 h after plating on 300 μm squares of fibronectin separated by 50 μm lines of PEG-thiol. A) Phase contrast (left frame) and Texas Red fluorescence staining (middle frame) images acquired with a 10×/0.3 N.A. objective on an inverted optical microscope; the SPR image (right frame) was collected on the instrumental set up described herein using 470 nm incident light. The color scale bar indicates reflectivity values. The SPR image displays distinct intensity differences between PEG-thiol regions (dark blue), areas of fibronectin (light blue) and cell-substrate contacts (green to red). The spatial scale bar indicating 100 μm applies to all images. B) Comparison of contrast using the three methods of imaging features under the white lines in (A). C) Selected regions of the fluorescence (left) and SPR (right) images with cell edge contours overlaid from opposing image. Scale bars = 100 μm.


Sample project of Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for university students. complete project is available below for download
Overview of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Project:
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a laser-based technique that can provide qualitative and quantitative measurements of elements in gas, liquid, and solid samples. It is a technology in which a laser beam is directed at a sample to create a high-temperature micro plasma. . A determination of the background gas on spectral lines and the influence of plasma parameters like temperature and number density are studied. The life-time of the plasma is strongly dependent on the pressure of the background gas. A spectrometer is used to disperse the light emission and detect its intensity at specific wavelengths.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
LIPS (laser plasma spectroscopy) also known as Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), is a relatively new type of atomic emission line Spectroscopy made possible with the advent of the laser in 1961. LIBS was originally Coined by Leon Radziemski and David Cremer’s at LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) in New Mexico (USA) in 1981 .
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technology that uses a short laser pulse to create a micro-plasma on the sample surface. LIBS technology is the formation of high-temperature plasma, induced by a short laser pulse. When a short laser pulse (with typical duration from ns to fs), is focused on a portion of matter, a significant amount of energy is transferred to the lattice, which can result in the formation of a plasma of the irradiated material, a phenomenon usually referred as breakdown at the material surface. The breakdown can occur only if the pulse irradiance exceeds a threshold value which depends on the state of aggregation of the material, an irradiance value of ~1 GW/cm2 is generally considered as an appropriate reference value to yield high-temperature and high-electron density plasma from virtually any kind of irradiated solid targets.
When the laser pulse terminates, the plasma starts to cool down. During the plasma cooling process, the electrons of the atoms and ions at the excited electronic states fall down into natural ground states, causing the plasma to emit light with discrete spectral peaks .The LIB spectra consist of spectral lines which give information about all the constituting elements as well as elements in trace amount present in that sample .
Laser Matter Interaction
The laser-plasma interaction is the transition of the target material into plasma state due to the presence of the laser electric field . Experimentally, laser-induced ionization was observed shortly after the invention of the laser in the sixties already. With advances in laser technology, however, higher intensities, different wavelengths and shorter pulse durations became available. Depending on the laser parameters used, different ionization processes such a Multi-photon ionization, above-threshold ionization and Barrier suppression ionization. The two mechanisms for electron generation and growth which produce breakdown are called multi-photon ionization and inverse bremsstrahlung .
Download Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Project:


Fujifilm VF-X21 Viewfinder (21mm / 28mm)
List Price: RM1,006.00
Best Price: RM774.00Inclusive 6% GST
For shooters who prefer eye-level viewing, the VF-X21 External Optical Viewfinder is a dedicated accessory to the Fujifilm X70 digital camera. This auxiliary finder attaches to the camera's accessory shoe and incorporates bright frame lines to match the 28mm field of view of the camera's built-in lens, as well as a 21mm field of view to support the use of the optional WCL-X70 Wide Conversion Lens.


Coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) is a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology that combines multiple signals at various wavelengths for simultaneous transmission over fiber cables. This passive technology allows for any protocol to be transported over the link, as long as it is at a specific wavelength (i.e. T1 over fiber at 1570nm transported alongside 10Gbps Ethernet at 1590nm).
CWDM is a low-cost method to maximize existing fiber by decreasing the channel spacing between wavelengths. CWDM has a lower cost per channel than dense WDM (DWDM) and no configuration is necessary.


This wet location BA15 Single Contact 12V LED lamp compares up to the 20W Halogen. Featuring a 2700K warm white temperature, this lamp puts forth a 300-degree beam spread angle.
Specification for the Kichler LED Landscape Lamp
Weight: 0.01 lb
Bulbs: 1x 2.30W LED bulb(s) in a BA15 base.
Bulbs are included and/or integrated if an LED fixture.
Lumens (Light Output): 200.00 lm
Kelvin (Color Temperature): 2700K
Natural Gas? No
Fan Safety Rating: Wet
Energy Star? No
Energy Efficient? No
ADA Rated? No
Dark Sky Rated? No
Title 20 Rated? No
Title 24 Rated? No
Product ID: 18208
Manufacturer Name: Kichler
Manufacturer Finish: Black


At dayofdifference.org.au you will find all the information about Zeiss Medical Optics. We have collected a lot of medical information. Check out the links below.
ZEISS is one of the world’s leading innovators in the design and development of medical devices. We create and supply cutting-edge technologies and application-oriented solutions for ophthalmology and microsurgery. Product highlights Discover stories, campaigns and events Source: NASA Upcoming Events AANP 2022 06/21/2022 - 06/26/2022 USA, Orlando
Medical Solutions made by ZEISS Product highlights Innovative technologies and comprehensive solutions CORNEAL REFRACTIVE Right on target. Faster. Robotic. Connected. ZEISS VISUMAX 800 Cataract Unleashing a new experience in phaco. ZEISS QUATERA 700 Explore our product categories Trending clinical topics Insights on the latest in clinical care
Medical Technology Researching into Micro- and Nanostructures. Microscopy See better. Vision Care ... ZEISS - an internationally leading technology enterprise operating in the fields of optics and optoelectronics. ZEISS solutions contribute to world optics development and technological progress. With our passion for excellence, we create value ...
Medical Technology Researching into Micro- and Nanostructures Microscopy See better Vision Care Sunlens ZEISS – an internationally leading technology enterprise operating in the fields of optics and optoelectronics. With its solutions, ZEISS constantly advances the world of optics and helps shape technological progress.
The optics expertise of Carl Zeiss Meditec comes to the fore when providing innovative tools for cataract surgery. Pre-operative devices include the gold standard optical biometer IOLMaster ® , as well as slit lamps and topographers.
The next generation of fundus imaging systems from ZEISS provides True Color and exceptional resolution across an entire 200-degree¹ ultra-widefield image – from the macula to the periphery – all while providing an optimal patient experience. Learn more Discover ZEISS Essential Line Complete basic diagnostic workplace
Optics and Illumination ZEISS EyeMag medical loupes offer premium optical performance for first-time and experienced users. Equipped with LED illumination, the advanced visualization tools provide great image clarity and depth of field over the entire treatment area. Application image courtesy of Dr. Claudia Cia Worschech, Sao Paulo, Brazil
ZEISS offers a comprehensive range of refractive and screening devices for your pretest workflow. These include instruments for lens measurement, objective refraction, keratometry and corneal topography analysis. > Autorefractometer > …
The optics expertise of ZEISS Medical Technology comes to the fore when providing innovative tools for cataract surgery. United States ... ZEISS has embraced digital technology, combining the well-known quality of ZEISS optics and the vast possibilities of digital imaging.
Zeiss is a premier manufacturer of high end, world class optics in everything from microchips to eyeglass lenses, microscopes to medical systems, and cinema camera lenses to planetarium technology. Zeiss is also world famous for its sports optics, which includes riflescopes, binoculars, monocular, r ...


Bright Monochromatic lights are difficult to take portraits with.
|Date:||Friday, October 28th, 2016 at 9:00 PM|
|Exposure:||1/10 sec at f1.4|
|Exposure Compensation:||851 ev|
|Lens:||35mm f/1.4 Nikkor AI-S
With cropping (you see 73% of the image as shot), this lens is effectively a 40mm lens on a 35mm camera
|Larger image:||2000 x 1333|
|Raw image:||6314 x 4209|
John Harvey Photo > Blogs for 2022 to 2005 > October 2016 > Tombstone Display
Last Modified Saturday, January 21st, 2023 at 23:57:46. Edit
Copyright and Contact Information.


Jinjing Solution Low-Iron Glass
Ultra Clear Glass, known as low-iron glass, diamond glass or super clear glass, is a type of high-clarity glass that is made from silica with very low amounts of iron. This low level of iron removes the greenish-blue tint that can be seen especially on larger and thicker sizes of glass. Low-iron glass is used for aquariums, display cases, some windows, and other applications where clarity is desired.
Low-iron glass typically has a ferric oxide content of about 0.01%. Ordinary plate glass has about 10times as much iron content. Low-iron glass is made from low-iron silica sand. In the United States, the primary sources for such sand are in Wisconsin.
Ultra Clear glass provides unprecedented options for both exterior and interior applications in commercial buildings and private homes with stunningly clear because it contains less than 1⁄10 of the iron present in typical clear glass, which means more light shines through. Its luxurious aesthetic will inspire you to find new and creative ways to use it.
Brilliant, clear viewing
Ultra clear glass are designed to maximized transmission of natural light. Offering maximized transparency with 7 percent higher visible light transmittance (VLT) than traditional clear glass.
|Clear Float Glass
||Low Iron Glass
*Light Transmission - refers to the percentage of external light that passes through the glass, the percentage the more daylight that will pass through. Results may vary between glass suppliers.
Pure color, Substantially reduced green tinge
Ultra clear and provides a higher degree of transparency than clear float glass. This optimum clarity is achieved by removing most of the iron oxide content used to produce glass. The improved clarity of low iron glass compared with clear float glass is barely discernable unless the two types of glass are viewed against a coloured background.
It forms no “greening” of ordinary clear glass, especially when combine uses in IGU or laminated glass.
Jinjing Solution Low-Iron Glass Distinction
Jinjing Ultra Clear Glass is known as high quality low-iron glass in China region, it mostly being specified for landmark projects.
Special formula, Dramatic Edge
Ultra-clear float glass has low absorption and high transmittance to daylight. its color is pure and crystal clear. As its thickness increases, Jinjing Ultra-Clear glass offers a distinctive azure-blue edge, while the transparency of the glass remains ultra-clear, providing a luxurious aesthetic appearance.
Lower spontaneous breakage rate
Ultra-clear float glass also has a lower impurity content. During the extraction of Iron element (Fe) from the float, part of Nickel element (Ni) will be also being extracted as a side effect, this process lowered the content of Nickel in the float compared to traditional clear glass. Lower content of Nickel would lower the chance of Nickel Sulphide (NiS) formation, in terms of minimizing the risk spontaneous breakage.


The initial phase consists in clearly defining the objectives to be implemented regarding the lighting strategy and the architectural purpose.
Until now, the "prediction" of light propagation into built spaces has been generally a matter of intuition.
The extreme complexity of the problems to be solved sometimes leads architects to rely on the great adaptability of electric lighting and to design buildings as if natural light did not even exist.
ADELINE allows designers to design and analyse strategies for natural light utilisation.
Using ADELINE in the early stages of the design process will not only improve the lighting performance of buildings, but will also lead to the production of better architecture and energy savings.


In order to determine
the biological origin of the optical signatures
of intracellular and extracellular constituents
we propose to further develop and study an
in-vitro tissue slice model.
Biopsies will be obtained from women undergoing
oophorectomy.. Embedded tissue samples will
be sectioned with a precision cut tissue slicer,
incubated, and microscopically examined. We
will determine the duration of the tissue
slice viability. Development of the ovarian
tissue slice model will be in collaboration
with investigators from the University of
Arizona, College of Pharmacy, and will have
application in many future studies.
We will explore the optical signature of tissue
constituents, quantify them and mapping their
spatial distribution within the tissue slice
with microscopy techniques. Images will be
obtained with white light and two-photon excitation
microscopy. White light reflectance images
will provide scattering information while
fluorescence images will determine spatial
distribution of fluorophores. Optical properties
from structures identified in these images
will be correlated with histopathologic analysis.
The focus will be to identify structures contributing
to the contrast between normal and neoplastic
transformed ovarian tissue. Imaging will be
performed at the University of Arizona in
the user facilities of the Arizona Research
Our efforts to achieve aim 1 and 2 require
data from biopsy samples from pre and postmenopausal
women because hormonal status will affect
tissue composition. Our samples will be studied
ex-vivo because our in-vitro tissue model
will keep tissue alive during microscopy studies.
Figure: Single photon and two
photon images of the ovarian surface epithelium
as well as the stroma. Left: 2P excitation
at 720 nm and fluorescence emission recorded
after IR filtering. Strongest signal is originating
from the epithelial tissue layer. Structural
contrast can also be observed in the stroma.
Right: The same site excited at 458 nm in
single photon mode shows stronger contribution
from the epithelium and less structural contrast.
Emission at 458nm excitation is consistent
with FAD and emission from 2P excitation at
720nm with NAD(P)H and structural proteins.
A bar is 200 mm.


Perimetry is the systematic measurement of visual field function. It is primarily used in the diagnosis of glaucoma, but also for retinal diseases and neuro-ophthalmic disorders.
Authored by a multidisciplinary team of experts, this book is a practical guide to the use of perimetry in the diagnosis of eye disorders.
Divided into three sections, the book begins with an overview of automated perimetry, describing the normal visual field and comparing perimeters.
The following section discusses visual field interpretation, covering single visual field analysis, Octopus technology perimetry, and visual field progression.
The third section examines special situations including neuro-ophthalmic, retinal and macular disorders, structural and functional correlation in glaucoma, frequency doubling, and short wavelength automated perimetry; with the final chapters providing commentary on recent advances, integrating technologies, care and maintenance of perimeters, and the history of perimetry.
Previous edition (9789385999680) published in 2016.