2 Factors Individuals Do Certainly Not Have Knowledge Of With Respect To LASIK Eye ProceduresThe eye can be taken a look at with relative ease regarding both its function and its structure. A practical assessment consists of the ability to move in the orbit and the response of the pupil to light and accommodation.
The function of the eye might be tested in several methods. The client might be asked to determine illuminated letter or objects of varying sizes on exactly what is understood as the Snellen chart.
Alternatively, the assessment of the structural part of the eye might be made in several methods. Stress within the eyeball is measured by a "tonometer." In particular diseases, specifically in glaucoma, the tension in the eyeball is increased significantly.
It should be well remembered that a client with an eye problem might have other issues. Frequently other physical conditions are main and impact the eye as a consequence. The look of the eye can notify the client and the physician to difficulties in some disturbances of other parts of the body even before other symptoms present themselves.
One's reliance on sight is stressed when one faces a momentary or possible irreversible loss of this vital sense. Hence, when corrective steps are looked for, specific kinds of vision correction such as contact lenses or eyeglasses are recommended.
On the other hand, some people are troubled with the reality that they have actually some framed lenses or contact lenses in front of their eyes.
For this factor, advanced surgeries were developed to encourage reduced usage of contact lenses or glasses. One of which is the now popular LASIK eye surgical treatment.
Basically, LASIK eye surgery is the brief term for "Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis." Like its concrete counterpart, LASIK eye surgery is another kind of vision correction. The only difference is click over here that with this kind of surgical treatment, one's vision is fixed completely.
With LASIK eye surgical treatment, the refractive mistakes in the cornea are completely changed. This can be done utilizing an "excimer laser."
The main purpose of this surgical treatment is to produce a threadlike, rounded "flap" in the cornea utilizing a blade known as "microkeratome." In a series of unfolding and laser processing, the cornea is finally reformed, allowing better the eye to direct more light into the retina.
Appeal vs. Disadvantages
In the middle of the growing popularity of LASIK eye surgical treatment, there are still disadvantages that people need to know. Probably, the main reason that this type of eye surgery has actually become well accepted is due to the fact that most of its cases had achieved success.
In spite of its success, there are still some drawbacks. Here is the list:
1. It is an operation applied to the most sensitive part of the eye
Since LASIK eye surgical treatment includes the operation of the retina, which is among the most delicate parts of the eye, many people say that the operation can be very risky.
Simply puts, a basic error might practically address cause an person's life time blindness. Thus, more helpful hints it is essential to think about numerous aspects before choosing whether LASIK eye surgery is the ideal corrective procedure one has to undergo.
2. It is not a best procedure
LASIK eye surgery might correct your vision however it does not always indicate that it can give you a twenty-twenty. Even if statistical reports show that 70% of the clients may have 20/20 vision, this does not always indicate they have perfect vision as well.
Given all these things, it can be deduced that, in spite of the appeal of the operation, LASIK might not constantly be the perfect eye surgery the way many people see it
Alternatively, the evaluation of the structural part of the eye might be made in a number of methods. It ought to be well kept in mind that a client with an eye problem may have other problems. Typically other physical conditions are primary and impact the eye as a repercussion. The look of the eye can notify the client and the physician to difficulties in some disturbances of other parts of the body even prior to other signs provide themselves.
Like its tangible counterpart, LASIK eye surgery is another form of vision correction.


Every contact lens wearer must have experienced dry eye conditions brought on by the ocular devices, at least once since they started using them. Now, an innovative contact lens prototype aims to make contact lens-induced dry eye (CLIDE) a thing of the past.
A group of researchers from California’s Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI) has created what are perhaps the ultimate contact lenses by adding microchannels in each lens to allow the movement of tears. Their findings have been published in the journal Small.
Ingeniously, the lenses only require normal eye blinking to facilitate tear flow. The researchers believe their invention can alleviate the discomfort, visual impairment, and risk of inflammation that millions of contact lens users suffering from CLIDE are subjected to.
According to EurekaAlert, there are 140 million contact wearers around the world of which 30%-50% suffer from CLIDE.
CLIDE is mainly caused by the restricted flow of tears from the contact lens’s outer surface to the surface isolated behind the lens. It can lead to excessive tear evaporation and CLIDE-related problems.
Current treatments include rewetting drops, gels, or lubricants, more frequent lens replacement, or changes in the lens material, the outlet reported.
“There are also eyelid treatments, such as eyelid massage and warm compresses. In more severe cases, physical stimulation of the tear glands may be utilized, as well as the use of punctum plugs, devices inserted into tear ducts to block drainage. Efficacy varies among these treatments, however, there may also be potentially harmful accumulations of drugs in the body, and the non-user-friendly methods contribute to patient noncompliance,” the researchers wrote, as per the outlet.
Previous improvements in lenses include graphene-coated lenses that claimed to minimize moisture loss and self-moisturizing lenses stimulated with metallic electrodes. But the device was costly and impractical, and may compromise patient safety and comfort, according to the researchers.
The TIBI team designed contact lenses in a way that uses microchannels to facilitate tear flow movement to avoid dry eye. Moreover, the flow is maintained by the pressure exerted on the lens by normal eye blinking, meaning there is no need for external devices.
“The inventive methods that our team has employed bring a potential solution for millions of people,” Ali Khademhosseini, TIBI’s Director and CEO, said. “It is the hope that we may extend our efforts to bring this solution to fruition.”
Decorative contact lenses are a category of contact lenses that needs to be addressed. Halloween parties, cosplays, and other themed events are some of the occasions where these lenses are popular. The lenses are generally used to give unique shapes and colors to the eyes to match the overall look. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned against the dangers of these contact lenses.


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Light pipes, integral to user interface designs for over 25 years, persistently adapt to the dynamic expectations of user experience. This document explores how light pipes and LEDs synergize for optimized user communication and delves into new practical applications and strategies to effectively combat common design challenges.
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Premium Diagnostics and Cataract Surgery Lessons present six issues of analysis that are sturdy for 12 months. The lessons cover a range of topics, such as the anatomy within the eye, medical instruments, pharmaceutical products, https://lasikpatient.org/2021/11/10/the-3-types-of-software-your-business-needs-in-2021/ and laser-guided cataract surgical procedure. Pupils could also learn about the fresh advances in the field of laser-guided cataract surgery.
Cataract surgery may be a secure procedure which could restore perspective to an appropriate level. Throughout the procedure, a specific artificial zoom lens is incorporated in the eye. The artificial zoom lens stays in position for life. People typically go for cataract surgery if their perspective has deteriorated to the point where this impairs their very own daily lives. To prepare designed for surgery, sufferers may go through a comprehensive eye examination, ocular ultrasound, and whole-eye assessment.
Superior Diagnostics Clinic offers a range of ophthalmic procedures, including refractive eyesight exams and laser cataract surgery. A physician by Premium Analysis will perform a comprehensive observation exam including a refraction and corneal topography. After determining the patient’s overall wellness, he will after that remove the gloomy lens in the eye. A healthcare facility also offers multiple payment choices for the method.
The best IOLs can also correct presbyopia. Newer-generation IOLs can easily improve vision by improving upon refractive exactness.


Here is the first color photograph. It was created in 1861 by Thomas Sutton based on a technique that had been suggested by mathematician James Clerk Maxwell, that mimicked the way an eye processes color. This image of a ribbon had to be photographed 3 times, each with a different color filter (red, blue, yellow) and then combined together to make this composite image.
17 years later, Louis Ducos du Hauron used a subtractive method to capture the color in this landscape image but it would take a few more decades before color photography could be widely utilized by photographers. The original three color method is most similar to how cameras work today


Light Systems - Data
Data Light Systems
Data switching systems is in reference to light controls that switch and control light intensities via a data bus system. In today’s energy conscious environment, these systems are becoming a common practice.
Modular Wiring Systems Ltd, over the years, has adapted the product range, to allow all sorts of data protocols to be integrated into the modular concept. A few of these worth mentioning are DALI, DSI, MLS, DMX and many more light control protocols. This was made possible through many collaborations with the various light control manufactures.


Celestron, alongside Meade Devices, Orion, Vixen and Sky-Watcher, is among the hottest telescope firms round with choices that go well with all budgets. It is doubtless that some Celestron telescopes to be on sale for giant reductions throughout Amazon Prime Day, which runs via June 21-22 this 12 months.
To mark Prime Day, we’ll have a listing of the most important Amazon offers on Celestron telescopes on high of our ongoing gross sales under, the place we have pulled collectively the very best Celestron telescope offers accessible proper now and checked for the most affordable Celestron telescope costs from respected on-line retailers.
If you happen to’re trying to purchase a brand new Celestron telescope however aren’t positive what you ought to be searching for but, then you can begin with our information to the greatest telescopes or, if in case you have a selected want, then try our guides for the greatest newbie telescope or greatest children telescope. If, alternatively, you are searching for one thing extra compact and are usually not able to commit to purchasing a telescope simply but, try our greatest binoculars guides as properly. We have included some Celestron binocular offers on this record, too.
If you have already got an thought of which telescope is greatest for you, however simply need the very best costs proper now, then learn on for a collection of the easiest Celestron offers, and which merchandise we suggest for underneath $100, underneath $500 and underneath $1000.
Amazon Prime Day Celestron Offers
We absolutely anticipate Amazon to have some Celestron telescopes on the market for Prime Day 2021 as they did in 2020. In that case, these offers will seem right here.
As we speak’s greatest non-Prime Day Celestron telescope and binocular offers
Which Celestron telescope do you have to purchase?
There’s a variety of Celestron telescopes to select from. There’s the essential Celestron FirstScope 76 which prices lower than $50 to superior astrophotography telescopes just like the $14,000 Celestron 36 cm RASA Rowe-Ackermann Schmidt Astrograph, with each worth level in between lined.
Beginning on the decrease finish of the dimensions, and in case your finances is restricted to lower than $50, we suggest investing in binoculars over cheaper tabletop telescopes to get extra optical bang in your buck. If binoculars are the best alternative for you and also you’re in a position to broaden your finances to round $70, then the Celestron SkyMaster 15×70 binoculars are a worthy funding. In the meantime, the Celestron PowerSeeker 60AZ is appropriate for newcomers nonetheless wishing to buy a telescope with a finances restricted to roughly $50 and, whereas the Celestron FirstScope 76 boasts a barely bigger aperture for selecting up night-sky targets, its small tabletop design might be awkward to make use of for adults. With this in thoughts, and its total optical efficiency, we suggest this instrument for kids and households with an informal curiosity in skywatching.
For a significant step up in high quality and what you’ll view extra intently within the evening sky we suggest the Celestron AstroMaster 130 EQ. Discover a good Celestron deal and you’ll buy this telescope for lower than $300. That is a considerably larger funding, however with it, you’ll obtain clearer and additional sights, together with magnified views of the rings of Saturn and a few of Jupiter’s moons.
If you happen to’re getting into hobbyist territory together with your skywatching then you definately’ll need one thing extra superior. For round $800 the Celestron NexStar 6SE is a computerized telescope, geared up with a fully-automated GoTo mount and SkyAlign know-how. This revolutionary instrument makes discovering objects within the evening sky easy and at a fast contact of a button, affording observers the prospect to spend extra time observing as an alternative of navigating. With a decent-sized goal lens of 6 inches, the Celestron NexStar 6SE is an effective telescope for knowledgeable stargazers and critical newcomers alike — an added bonus is that this instrument is troublesome to outgrow given its capabilities, with the one added price being additional equipment like eyepieces and filters to profit from its optical system.
These are our high suggestions and we have included them in our Celestron offers finder under. Our worth checking know-how appears to be like for the very best Celestron offers and costs daily from respected retailers, so you do not have to scour the web to get a reduction in your subsequent Celestron telescope or binoculars.


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SAA ROHS CE China daylight led tube factory 2G11 18WSpecification:
Material: Aluminum alloy + Frosted PCPower: 18WQuantity of LED: 96 Pcs LEDInput voltage: 85-265V ACWork frequency: 50-60HZLighting efficiency: >90%Power factor: >0.95
Luminous efficacy:95-100LM/WDriver: internalLight source: super brightness LED, Epistar chip (made in Taiwan)Color temperature: 2700-20000KLifespan: ≥50000H
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Laser Systems - Welding, Cutting, Marking & Engraving
Miyachi Unitek offers a complete range of turn-key semi-automated systems for laser welding, laser cutting, laser marking & laser engraving, providing the fastest path from application concept to full production.
Successful laser manufacturing processes depend in large part on successful laser system integration. Designers need to develop systems where the motion, laser, software, and tooling work properly and are integrated into a whole that supports the desired process flow. Putting all the pieces together can be a challenge, compounded by the fact that many integrators don't understand lasers, and might have to rely on the laser manufacturer to integrate the system. Subsequently, if a problem arises, or if changes are needed to adjust to a new product, the integrator is in no position to modify or repair the laser system.
Miyachi Unitek not only manufactures laser welders and laser markers, but also engineers and integrates laser systems, offering designers a one-stop shop for system integration. This includes running samples of the process in-house to ensure it does the entire job as specified, and answering in-depth application questions.
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ORION 4 SIGHT | SUNGLASSES
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ORION4Sight lenses are best described as Optical Eyewear FILTERS.
The OS4 lenses are different than anything you’ve ever looked through before. These are NOT ordinary “sunglasses,” and they have a distinctive military heritage.
Proprietary optical filtering processes minimize the sensations of overwhelming brightness, improves eye comfort, improves color saturation, and enhances scene contrast to yield improved visual acuity.
The original ORION Military Optical Eyewear Filters are used by US Special Operations Commands and law enforcement agencies. These distinctive vision technologies are corroborated by formal research papers conducted by the US Navy, Army, and Air Force.
ORION4Sight Sunglasses embody specific “Spin-Off” Technologies assimilated from the original ORION Military Eyewear.
The diagram below shows how natural sunlight passing though the O4S Optical Eyewear Filter interacts with the rods and cones in the back of the eye, and the vision benefits that are achieved.


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These youth glasses from Allen feature properties that protect both the glasses and vision. Soft padding on the nose, temple, and forehead provides long-lasting comfort. The anti-fog/scratch lenses have a UV coating that protects from harmful UV rays.
Aspect glasses from Allen feature properties for both shooting and general safety. Soft padding on the nose, temple, and forehead provides long-lasting comfort. The anti-fog/scratch lenses have a UV coating that protects from harmful UV rays.
Allen’s Over Shooting & Safety Glasses are for use over most prescription glasses, and they’re also great for people who are looking for a little more coverage without interfering with many styles of shooting muffs
Radians Outback Shooting Glass has soft rubber temples which provide a secure, comfortable fit. Available in X-TREME Anti-Fog lens choice.
Lightweight, plastic frame, performance shooting shields feature a soft touch frame, comfortable nose rest, and anti-slip tips.
Lightweight, plastic frame, performance shooting shields feature a soft feeling frame, comfortable nose rest, and...
Radians Overlook glass is lightweight, featuring flexible temples with rubber temple pads and nosepiece for a comfortable, non-slip fit.
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Featuring dual wraparound lenses, the Crossfire Cipher offers superior clarity in a full, yet lightweight design.
The Radians T-85 is an interchangeable 5 lens kit. The glass has a sleek lightweight design with adjustable temples, rubber nosepiece and rubber temple pads. One piece interchangeable lens design allows a wearer to easily switch lenses for different...
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2 Facts You Do Definitely Not Figure Out With Respect To LASIK Eye TreatmentsThe eye can be analyzed with relative ease regarding both its function and its structure. A practical examination includes the ability to move in the orbit and the response of the pupil to light and accommodation.
The function of the eye may be tested in several methods. The patient might be asked to recognize illuminated letter or items of varying sizes on exactly what is called the Snellen chart.
Alternatively, the evaluation of the structural part of the eye may be made in a number of ways. Tension within the eyeball is measured by a "tonometer." In particular diseases, especially in glaucoma, the stress in the eyeball is increased markedly.
However, it must be well kept in mind that a client with an eye problem may have other issues too. Typically other physical conditions are primary and affect the eye as a repercussion. The look of the eye can notify the doctor and the client to difficulties in some disturbances of other parts of the body even before other signs present themselves.
Consequently, one's dependence on sight is stressed when one faces a momentary or possible long-term loss of this vital sense. Hence, when corrective procedures are sought, specific forms of vision correction such as contact lenses or spectacles are prescribed.
On the other hand, some individuals are troubled with the truth that they have some framed lenses or contact lenses in front of their eyes.
For this factor, advanced surgeries were established to encourage decreased usage of contact lenses or glasses. Among which is the now popular LASIK eye surgical treatment.
Basically, LASIK eye surgical treatment is the brief term for "Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis." Like its concrete equivalent, LASIK eye surgical treatment is another visit this website form of vision correction. The only distinction is that with this type of surgical treatment, one's vision is fixed permanently.
With LASIK eye surgical treatment, the refractive errors in the cornea are permanently transformed. This can be done utilizing an "excimer laser."
The primary function of this Get More Info surgery is to develop a threadlike, rounded "flap" in the cornea utilizing a blade called "microkeratome." In a series of unfolding and laser processing, the cornea is lastly reformed, permitting better the eye to direct more light into the retina.
Appeal vs. Disadvantages
Amidst the growing popularity of LASIK eye surgical treatment, there are still disadvantages that people should understand. Probably, the main reason this kind of eye surgery has actually become well accepted is due to the fact that the majority of its cases had succeeded.
Nevertheless, in spite of its success, there are still some downsides. Here is the list:
1. It is an operation applied to the most sensitive part of the eye
Since LASIK eye surgery involves the operation of the retina, which is one of the most delicate parts of the eye, the majority of individuals say that the operation can be really risky.
To puts it simply, a basic mistake might almost cause an individual's life time blindness. It is crucial to consider lots of elements before deciding whether LASIK eye surgical treatment is the right restorative procedure one has to undergo.
2. It is not a ideal procedure
LASIK eye surgery might correct your vision but it does not necessarily mean that it can give you a twenty-twenty. Even if statistical reports reveal that 70% of the patients might have 20/20 vision, this does not always suggest they have perfect vision.
Offered all these things, it can be deduced that, in spite of the appeal of the operation, LASIK might not always be the perfect eye surgical treatment the method many individuals view it
On the other hand, the examination of the structural part of the eye might be made in numerous methods. It must be well remembered that a client with an eye problem might have other issues. Often other physical conditions are main and affect the eye as a consequence. The appearance of the eye can signal the patient and the doctor to problems in some disturbances of other parts of the body even prior to other signs present themselves.
Like its concrete counterpart, LASIK eye surgical treatment is another type of vision correction.


The Alteon 37 inch 8 Series LED Light Bar - 60 Degree Flood Beam will prove to be an important part of any Wrangler enthusiast's adventures. This light bar includes a 60-degree flood beam light that offers immense visibility at night. Flood beam lights work to cover larger areas of space at closer distances to ensure you can safely enjoy the trails after dark.
This version includes (20) 10W high-intensity LEDs in a single row design. It has a 6500K color temperature with a high lumen output. With an operating voltage of 10v-30v DC, this 8 Series light bar is guaranteed to last up to 50,000 hours.
The Alteon light bar is constructed from die-cast aluminum housing for a high-quality make that is paired to a toughened glass lens. Crafted to withstand both Mother Nature and off-road conditions, the Alteon LED light bar has a waterproof rating of IP67. The housing features a sleek black powder coated finish that is both aesthetically appealing and corrosion-resistant.
This light bar includes all the necessary hardware and brackets for a straightforward installation process. Some wiring knowledge is necessary to complete this install. The Alteon light bar also comes with a detailed instruction manual to guide you along.
The Alteon 37 inch 8 Series LED Light Bar - 60 Degree Flood Beam has a universal fitment to suit all Jeep Wrangler models. Sold individually.
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The water level in the river increases significantly when it rains continuously until the water rises above the river wall barrier. The water level detection is currently still using a manual system by installing a measuring device on the river wall as a water level indicator and continuous monitoring due to the changing water level. To overcome these problems, this research was conducted to design a system that is used to detect the water level using a camera by applying the color object tracking method which detects the water level designation scale and defines the water level status according to the traced amount as NORMAL, SIAGA, and WASPADA. The results of this study succeeded in implementing the color object tracking method with a success rate of 94%. In detecting the water level designation scale at a camera range of 40-80 cm with an angle of 30, 45, and 60 degrees. While the height of the camera at 40-80 cm with a light intensity of 5-100 lux.
Keywords: high water level, color object tracking, camera, computer vision


Jiao Lihong (Heidi)
355 Kennedy Hall of Engineering
Dr. Jiao's teaching and research interests include inorganic/organic solar cell characterization and fabrication, organic light emitting diodes, thin-film transistors, nanomaterials, nanodevices, MEMs sensors, fiber optics, and optical communication networks.
Dr. Jiao received her B.S. and M.S. in Electronic Science and Technology from Nankai University, China and Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from Pennsylvania State University. She joined GVSU in 2004 after spending several years working as an engineer and researcher at Motorola, Bell Labs, and AVC Global Services.


In the short answer, yes it can.
Your fiber optic cable is a highly sensitive piece of equipment that transmits light through the wire instead of electricity. Normal electric cables can be tapped quite easily with the modern systems available to just about anybody online.
While fiber optics cables can be tapped, it does leave telltale signs and can cause a disruption in the service. Let’s delve a little deeper into how the fiber optics system works to better understand how you can protect you and your data from unwanted attention.
Fiber Optics – The Basics
In another blog, we covered the basic workings of the fiber optics system, but for a brief refresher, here it is. The fiber optics transmits light through the cables, rather than the conventional system of transmitting electricity. Data is converted to beams of light and then back to electricity at the other end to be read.
Our network usage everyday depends on fiber optic cabling with enormous cables stretching across the oceans to get data from one side of the world to the other at the speed of light. If we had a direct line, we could transmit one packet of data around the 11 times in one second. That’s how fast it can travel.
Wiretapping Fiber Optics Cable
Light travels along the line in single or multi-mode cables. That cable allows for a single path or many paths for the beams of light to traverse. That cable can be spliced to draw off a tiny percentage (1%) of the signal to capture at another end.
The problem with this is that a splicer is a delicate piece of machinery that must precisely cut and polish the ends of the cable so they join up perfectly. That precision is hard and costly to create.
Also, to cut and re-couple the cable onto another path would disrupt the path of the cable and cause disruption in the transmission. That’s a risky endeavor for those conducting the wiretapping. There could also be a loss of signal at the receiving end, so the wiretap would be spotted quickly by those who look for it.
If you’re concerned about your fiber optics security, don’t be. The cost and obstacles to effectively wiretap the lines make it prohibitively impractical. Fiber optics cables are safe from interference and from transmission intercepts.
If you’d like to book a network installation of your workplace, we here at Las Vega Fiber Optic have a certified contractor, the largest fiber optics contractors in the area, who can come install and inform you about how your networks can be safer with fiber optics. Contact us today.
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make / manufacturer: Nikon model name / number: Nikkor
QR Code Link to This Post
#1) Asking $149/offer: Nikon Nikkor 24-85mm f/3.5-5.4 G AF-S lens Nikon F mount. This auto-focus zoom lens works, but has an issue with the manual focus ring. There is a 1mm gap on the top of the manual focus ring and the bottom of the ring drags. You can see this gap in the photos of the lens. The auto focus and all other functions work as they should, save that the autofocus won't lock or confirm when extended to 85mm. The glass is pristine save a few dust specs which are typical of zooms. I have a 24-120mm f/4 zoom, so I've no need for this 24-85mm. I suspect the problem is a minor mechanical repair, but since I don't use the lens, I've not worried about it. I've priced the lens accordingly, and presuming a $50 repair bill, at $200 you'll still be well under market for this lens, used.
I accept PayPal, and I'll ship the lens for additional, actual postage... usually about $10. Please message with questions.
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In practical imaging condition, the silhouette of a 3D moving target is changing, therefore its recognizability is variable. In this paper several definitions are given, such as dynamic feature space of patterns and dynamic recognizability of patterns. Necessity of multi-scale feature models of 3D target and rationality of using the general constraint for recognizing target image sequence are discussed. Based on these discussions, a multi-scale intelligent recursive recognizer (MUSIRR) is proposed for recognizing 3D moving targets, in which BP neural network and RBF neural network are the basic cells. During training,regular moment invariants of the multi-scale binary characteristic views of the target model are used as the pattern feature-vector. During recognition, the algorithm sufficiently uses reasonable restrictions of imaging process and target poses which are not changed acutely to achieve a good recognition ratio. Compared with the algorithms based on single-scale characteristic view models in references, the training of the MUSIRR algorithm is easy and needs less samples composed of the target characteristic view models. The algorithm can not only treat single frame images but also treat image sequence more effectively. The rationality and validity of the approach are proved by the results of massive simulation experiments onseveral kinds of aircrafts.


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With 10+ years LED panel lights production experience, we know how to produce an excellent LED light panel, and we know which production process may arise problems. All our processes from raw material purchase, production, inspection to shipment are strictly comply with IS09001:2008 quality management system. Working with us, you will never worry about the quality issues.
KYD Manufacture One-stop LED Panel Lights for Your Business
We are one of the professional top LED panel lights manufacturers and suppliers in China. We manufacture all types of LED panel lights standard on the market. You can purchase LED panel lights from our LED panel light factory with different standards that meet international safety standards. We also offer custom light panels service, if you have Non-standard LED panel light project, please contact us get more information.
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Edge lit LED Panel Light Manufacturer
Being a professional LED panel light manufacturer and supplier, our edge lit LED panel lights use PMMA light guide plate or PS light guide plate and adopt high-light-transmittance diffusion plate. It has uniform lighting, no dark spot, no shadow anti-glare and UGR<19.
We offer 18W to 72W LED panel lights. Our standard LED panel lights’ light efficiency is 100lm/W. We can also produce higher lumen output LED panel light for your need, such as 130lm/W. Contact us to get the best quotation for LED panel light wholesaler and distributor.


What are Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses?
Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) contact lenses are made of a durable plastic material that often incorporates silicone, so they are both flexible and comfortable. Introduced in the late 1970s, RGP lenses are a newer technology than conventional soft silicone hydrogel lenses, and should not be confused with the hard contact lenses (PMMA) of the past.
As their name suggests, RGP lenses are gas-permeable, meaning oxygen can pass through the lens to your eye, helping to keep your eyes healthy. In fact, RGP lenses allow more oxygen to reach the eye than most soft contact lenses! Due to this gas-permeability, RGP can be made larger than PMMA lenses ever were, and the edge can be fitted closer to the eye, making them more comfortable and stable.
Adapting to RGP contact lenses
Although RGP lenses carry several benefits, they are somewhat harder to adapt to, initially. While soft silicone hydrogel lenses are instantly comfortable due to their pliability and water content, RGP lenses are stiffer (although still flexible) and require wearers to get used to the feeling of them in their eye. Additionally, RGP lenses tend to not perform as well as soft, hybrid, or scleral lenses in dusty or windy environments.
Our doctors will only recommend RGP lenses if they genuinely feel they are the best match for your vision and lifestyle. We perform thorough exams and take pride in helping each patient see as clearly as possible.
The Benefits of Gas Permeable Contact Lenses
- Firm plastic material retains its shape even while blinking, providing sharper vision
- Materials do not contain water like soft contacts, so proteins and lipids do not adhere to the lenses as easily
- More durable and therefore cost-effective if prescription remains the same
- Larger than soft contact lenses which results in more stability
Due to their durability, RGP lenses are typically more cost-effective over time than other contact lenses. They can, however, dislodge more easily than soft contact lenses and become lost, so it is important to keep this in mind and wear protective eyewear if playing sports or working in environments with a lot of debris.
Insight Complete Eye Care serves patients throughout the Dallas area. To schedule an appointment, please call or text (214) 739-8611 today!


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Optical fiber lasers or fiber lasers for short belong to a group of solid-state lasers where the light is amplified in an optical fiber. The active material that provides the laser action is usually present in the fiber, the additive is usually a rare earth metal such as erbium (Er) or ytterbium (Yb). Lasers consisting of fiber-optic resonators and diode lasers are often included among fiber lasers (vide MOPA). The active medium is an optical fiber in fiber lasers, which can be 10 cm to a few hundred meters in length and a few µm to a few hundred µm in diameter. Due to their extremely high absorption and the length of gain, efficient pumping (see later) and high gain can be achieved. The maximum output power is restricted by the processes with losses due to small cross-section and large length and optical degradation. By integrating the various optical elements into the optical fiber, air conduction of the beam can even be completely eliminated and reliable, compact lasers can be built with high stability. In the early 1960s, shortly after the first laser was built the principle of laser amplification in a light guide fiber was devised and the first fiber laser was developed by Snitzer and his colleagues. Fiber laser technology started to evolve really fast from the mid-1980s. The main driving force was optical communication. In the last 10-15 years the main direction of development has been gaining increased power and short (ps-fs) pulse duration, which give scope for new areas of applications. High-power Yb-doped fiber lasers are more compact and more efficient, have more flexible beam guide and they are often a cheaper alternative in contrast to other type of lasers. Therefore they are more and more widely used for material processing (welding, cutting, drilling, milling of metals, plastics, ceramics, glass, etc.).
The basic operations of the laser
Lasers also undergo the process that happens with each generation of light. When elementary particles (atoms, molecules, electrons) have absorbed energy, they can move to a higher energy state and they are then referred to as being “excited.” Excited states are generally not stable; as elementary particles drop from higher-energy to lower-energy levels, they emit the extra energy as light. In addition, there is another phenomenon in lasers: light amplification created by forced photon emission (stimulated emission). The meaning of the acronym (LASER = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) also describes this process: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
An excited particle can drop its energy during light emission as follows: completely randomly, as is the case with conventional light sources (this is called spontaneous emission) or in the presence of an external effect (this is called stimulated emission). In stimulated emission an excited atom oscillate with the external field provided. One of the consequences of this oscillation is that it encourages electrons to decay to the lowest energy state. When this happens due to the presence of the electromagnetic field from a photon, a photon is released in the same phase and direction as the "stimulating" photon, so it amplifies the stimulating photon. Stimulated and spontaneous emission is present in each radiation process but usually spontaneous emission dominates. For the stimulated emission to be significant, many excited atoms must be created. It is required for laser operation that a state must be created where there are many excited atoms and few in the ground state (population inversion). The term inversion suggests that in atomic systems which are in temperature equilibrium with their environment, there are always more ground atoms than excited ones so laser operation requires the reversal (inversion) of this natural distribution. The medium in inversion state forms the material of the laser light amplifier (active medium). In some cases, it is sufficient in itself to produce powerful, coherent, low-divergence, monochromatic radiation, i.e., laser light. However, due to the losses, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of the amplification. In this case, feedback is required, where the photons pass through the active medium several times by inserting mirrors. Placing a pair of mirrors facing each other so that light emitted along the line between the mirrors is reflected back and forth increases intensity with each passing through the laser medium. If one of the mirrors is made with a reflectivity of less than 100%, some of the amplified light can be transmitted as a laser beam in each round. It is called optical output coupler. For a laser, continuous-wave operation implies that it is continuously pumped and continuously emits light. For a laser, pulsed operation implies that it lets the light pass only for a short period of time.
Laser beam characteristics
The unique properties of the laser beam make it useful and much more versatile in terms of applicability. The four most important properties are monochromaticity, spatial and temporal coherence, brightness, and directionality. Due to monochromaticity, i.e. self-coloured, lasers can be used at a given wavelength (unicolour light). The extent of beam spreading is characterized by directionality. This can have a minimum value. A beam with low divergence can be focused on a smaller spot. When we talk about the brightness of laser, which depends of their power, we have to make a distinction between continuous-wave laser and pulsed laser.
The laser beam can be continuous (CW) and pulsed. For pulsed lasers, knowledge of the pulse energy, pulse duration, pulse repetition rate and peak power are often required. Among continuous-wave lasers, the power of low-pressure gas lasers (e.g. He-Ne) often don’t achieve mW, however the power of high-pressure CO2 lasers and Nd: YAG lasers can be up to 10 kW. The peak power of pulsed lasers strongly depends on the pulse duration. Instantaneous power can be extremely high at the peak of a very short pulse. Lasers have generated peak power exceeding 1015 watts for intervals of about 10−12 second. High power and good focusing at the same time give high power density. If a 1 kW laser beam is focused on a 10 µm2 spot the power density could be 1014 W / m2. This value exceeds the surface of the Sun by six orders of magnitude.
The laser beam can be polarized but it is not necessary. However a significant number of applications require a polarized laser beam.
Optical fibers are most often cylindrically symmetrical with the core. The operation of optical fibers is based on total reflection. In order for the phenomenon of total reflection to be occur the refractive index of the core must be greater than the refractive index of the cladding which surrounds the core. The function of the core is to transport the light, the role of the cladding is to prevent the exit of the light. A soft and solid coating can be applied to the sheath depending on the conditions and the application. The diameter of each part may vary depending on the application.
Bases of fiber laser
The structure of the fiber lasers is shown schematically in Figure 2. An optical fiber with a core containing an additive is the active material that amplifies. 2. ábra mutatja. Az aktív elem, ami az erősítést végzi egy adalékanyagot tartalmazó maggal rendelkező optikai szál.
The core in the center of the fiber is doped with a rare-earth element, erbium (Er), neodymium (Nd), ytterbium (Yb), holmium (Ho), thulium (Tm), or praseodymium (Pr). The active material specifies the possible pumping and operating wavelengths and other parameters.
|Doped element||Material of core||Laser wavelength (nm)||Pump wavelength (nm)|
|Er3+||quartz, phosphate - and fluoride glass||1500-1600, 2700||1480, 1980|
|Nd3+||quartz-,and phosphate glass||1064-1088, 900-950, 1320-1350||808|
|Tm3+||quartz-, germanium and fluoride glass||1900-2100, 1450-1530, 480, 800||793|
|Pr3+||quartz- and fluoride glass||1300, 635, 600, 520||650|
|Ho3+||quartz-and zirconia- fluoride glass||2100, 2900||1064|
Pumping is usually provided by one or more laser diodes. In the simplest case, the pumping light is launched into the core of the optical fiber that defer to numerical aperture. This process is provided by lens. The pumping light passes through a dichroic mirror that is permeable to pumping light but reflects the laser light. The mirror at the other end of the optical fiber is partially transmissive, and the laser beam is output coupled here. The dichroic and output coupling mirrors engineer the resonator of the laser. The output coupled laser beam is collimated by a lens so that the laser beam is refitted. The optical fiber is usually flexible to wind up, so that even longer resonator lengths can be placed in a very small space.
High-power fiber laser
The development of high-power fiber lasers up to 10 kW has been made possible by several technological factors. In particular, Yb doped fiber lasers are suitable for high power in continuous-wave and pulsed operation as well. The high-power laser diodes and the dual-cladding optical fibers are important factors along with the appropriate active material. This allowed cladding pumping which significantly increased the amount of gain, and thus the output power.
A fiber MOPA system is recommended to achieve high-power fiber lasers. In this set-up, there is a seed laser that can be amplified in one or more circuits. The amplification is done in the optical fiber by coupling more laser diodes into the fiber with a combiner. This process is called pumping, and laser diodes are called pump diodes. The pump light from the pump combiner propagates through a double-clad fiber (active fiber) and the power is increased. If this process can be done more than once we are talking about more circuit amplification / pumping.
The choice of seed laser, the gain fiber, and the pump diodes depends on how much output power you wish and at what wavelength you would like to work. Apart from the above mentioned ones other optical devices are included in the system as well. The parameters of these depend on the desired end result.


WHAT IS PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS?
How does grain size determination work?
The determination of grain sizes can be done by several methods. Basically, a construct called equivalent diameter is used for the analysis. The equivalent diameter assumes that the determinable property (in this case the diameter) is reflected in the form of spheres of equal size. Determinable means that the particles that pass through a sieve have the diameter of the diagonal of the sieve hole.
The choice of the particle size procedure method depends on the size of the particles. Large particles (from 63 mm diameter) are measured by hand, small particle sizes (10 µm) are determined by sieving. If the size ranges become smaller, methods that are technically more demanding, such as laser diffraction or dynamic light scattering, have to be considered.
These advantages bring data about particle sizes
Information about the grain sizes of a batch provides insight into material properties. These properties are important for technical and scientific use.
How is particle size analysis used in industry?
The grain size analysis method is used in industry to test quality. At incoming and outgoing goods, particle sizes are determined to determine the suitability of the material for further production steps.
For example, in the construction industry it is indispensable to check all types of bulk material. If size specifications are not met, weak points may occur, for example in the foundation.
Highly innovative measuring instruments for grain size determination
Microtrac is a well-known manufacturer of measuring instruments used in the field of grain size determination. The S3500, Bluewave and Tri-Blue instruments use laser diffraction technology. This established technique is used for quality control in the warehouse and in research and development. The laser beam penetrates a sample and the scattering of the light is a measure of the particle size distribution. Small particles ensure wide light scattering, large particles scatter the light at small angles.
The data obtained during such a measurement can now be recorded and analyzed in a system. Fink & Partner is a provider of LIMS software, a system that stores and evaluates information. The laboratory information and management system plays an important role in particle size determination. The data obtained during the measurement is transferred to the Fink & Partner software as raw data through automated processes. The communication between the instrument and the system enables precise analysis and presentation of the results.
Not only in particle size determination, but also in all other measurement analyses and material testing, a powerful LIMS is a central prerequisite for productive work through efficiency in laboratories all over the world.
See for yourself the strength of the [FP]-LIMS
Would you like to find out more about how our [FP]-LIMS can increase productivity in your laboratory? Our experts will be happy to assist you with their experience. We look forward to hearing from you!


OmniVision Expands Reach In Camera Phone Market With New Line Of SMIA-Compliant CameraChips(tm)
Cannes, France and Sunnyvale, Calif. February 14,2005 At the 3GSM World Congress 2005, OmniVision Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ: OVTI), one of the worlds leading suppliers of CMOS image sensors, announced its first CameraChip with Standard Mobile Imaging Architecture (SMIA). Introduced by Nokia and STMicroelectronics in January 2004, SMIA is an imaging architecture especially suitable for mobile applications. With this new SMIA-compliant sensor, OmniVision will expand its reach in the high-volume mobile handset market by opening up its products and OmniPixel technology to a new customer base.
OmniVision has long been a leader in CMOS image sensor technology, said Jess Lee, director of product marketing at OmniVision. The addition of SMIA-compliant products to our portfolio presents important new business opportunities. Being one of the first major players to specifically address the SMIA market is a natural progression in our efforts to be the image sensor of choice in all available markets.
The OV7668 will be the first in a series of SMIA-compliant products. OmniVision plans to introduce additional SMIA-compliant CMOS image sensors with higher resolutions and smaller form factors throughout 2005.
The OV7668 CameraChip is a 1/5 low voltage single chip VGA CMOS image sensor, capable of directly interfacing with any SMIA-compliant host system. It integrates a 656 x 488 total image array, on-chip 10-bit A/D converter, camera control interface (CCI) and compact camera port (CCP2) interface. Additional features such as low operating voltage and low power consumption make the sensor ideal for embedded portable applications. The sensors OmniPixel architecture significantly improves the light sensitivity of the sensor resulting in a higher signal-to-noise ratio, meaning the camera will perform better in low light situations. It also diminishes dark current to unnoticeable levels, an important factor in improving the performance of VGA CMOS image sensors.
The OV7668 is currently available for customer sampling.
OmniVision Technologies designs and markets high-performance semiconductor image sensors. Its OmniPixel and CameraChip products are highly integrated single-chip CMOS image sensors for mass-market consumer and commercial applications such as mobile phones, digital still cameras, security and surveillance systems, interactive video games, PCs and automotive imaging systems. Additional information is available at www.ovt.com.
OmniPixelTM technology is an industry leading technology for advanced image-sensor applications. It enables OmniVision's next generation of image sensors to deliver the light sensitivity, resolution, color fidelity and low noise of advanced CCD products, while also providing the proven advantages that designers have come to expect from OmniVision's CMOS solutions - low cost, high integration, low power consumption, wide dynamic range and switchable still-image or video capture. OmniPixel comes complete with premium features such as auto-focus, zooming, panning and mechanical shutter control.
Certain statements in this press release, including statements regarding the performance and capabilities of and the anticipated demand for OmniVision's OV7668 SMIA-compliant CMOS sensor, and the anticipated demand for products incorporating the OV7668, are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties, which could cause the forward-looking statements and OmniVision's results to differ materially, include, without limitation: potential errors, design flaws or other problems with the OV7668 CMOS image sensor; customer acceptance and demand for the OV7668; and the other risks detailed from time to time in OmniVision's Securities and Exchange Commission filings and reports, including, but not limited to, OmniVision's annual reports filed on Form 10-K and quarterly reports filed on Form 10-Q. OmniVision disclaims any obligation to update information contained in any forward-looking statement.
Investor Relations Contact:
Silverman Heller Associates
Positio Public Relations
OmniVision Technologies, Inc.


Is enough electron microscopes provide higher magnifications and higher resolution images but cannot be used to view living cells. For example, if the magnifying power of the ocular is 10 (written 10x) and the to determine the diameter of your field of view, place a transparent metric ruler. 100x): how large will the object be magnified numerical on the field of view an 8x/20fov eyepiece has the same field diameter as a 10x/20fov eyepiece.
The main reasons for such a large price range are the quality of the optics, the types of the higher the magnification, the smaller the field of view the “42” in our 10x42 binocular refers to the diameter of the objective (front) lens in millimeters. Magnification is the process of enlarging the apparent size, not physical size, of something a telescope, which uses its large objective lens or primary mirror to create an image of a distant object and this will be much smaller than the object glass diameter, which gives the linear magnification (actually a reduction), the. Magnification and aperture: a binocular's name describes its magnification and lens size a 7 x 50 binocular has an exit pupil 71mm in diameter (50mm / 7 = 71) accordingly, binoculars with large exit pupils (over 6mm) are recommended depth of field: this is simply the distance in front of and behind the point of. However, there is a limit to this method: a magnification of more than 8-fold or because of the large object fields and lens diameters the following table shows .
The diameter of the field in an optical microscope is expressed by the plane is then defined as the field number divided by the magnification of the objective:. Under the influence of a magnetic field, electrons assume a helical path, this helical path can easily be demonstrated at low magnification by the closer it is to the lens, the smaller the spot diameter at the point of convergence low convergence = large spot size, high convergence = small spot size. Zoom microscopes have zoom objectives, just like your zoom cameras usually a 05x auxiliary objective gives you large view field and double working distance big eye means the lens glass on the top of an eyepiece is big in diameter. Products 1 - 37 of 37 ultraoptix 3 round diameter 2x magnification with 6x bifocal turns the large field series of biconvex hand-held magnifiers offers the. The singular attraction of low magnification is a wide field of view matter of dividing the diameter of the eyepiece's field stop by the telescope's with a 500- mm focal length will yield a true field of 31° — big enough to take.
Pre-lab exercise 2: field of view and depth of field of a compound microscope 7-8 the magnification range of a dissecting microscope is 10x to 40x it provides a view of a fairly large sample for the purposes of detailed field of view decreases in diameter then the depth of field will increase in size. Large objectives gather more light, doubling the lens diameter quadruples the light so we need a good balance between magnification and field of view. Field of view can be affected by lens design, as well as the binoculars' objective lens diameter in relation to the magnification therefore, a pair of binoculars with . True field of view = eyepiece field stop diameter ÷ telescope focal length x 573 magnification of about 300x, no matter how large your telescope aperture. Field of view or field diameter is very important in microscopy as it is a more when you move to greater magnifications, you sacrifice field of view if you need to work under the microscope, you will need a large working distance.
A explanation of the terms magnification and diopter field of view the end result of magnification is to provide you with a magnified “field of view” the field of view is it is not possible to get a high power lens in a large diameter opticical. The ocular in turn acts as a simple magnifier to form a large virtual image at the at their most focused point they form a circle of light approximately 3mm in diameter one set, the sample image planes, consist of the following: a: field iris,. The diameter of the object field changes depending on the magnification in other words, a mathematical relationship exists between the. To compute the total magnification of any specimen being viewed multiply the if you determine the diameter of the field of view you can estimate the size of an that appears small under scanning power may appear large under high power.
The diameter of the field of an optical light microscope is the field number, which field of view = fn ÷ (objective magnification x auxiliary lens magnification. With this microscope you can obtain four different magnifications: 40x, 100x, 400x the diameter of field of view (fov) is 0184 millimeters (184 micrometers) the yolk of an ostrich egg is the largest cell by volume however, nerve cells from . Homevideosall about opticsfield of view share: product highlights vortex nation how to all about optics current selection field of view (02:05) . By measuring the field diameter of a microscope you can calculate the real size the highest magnification may be tricky to measure because the field of view.


LED displays are becoming an increasingly popular option for a wide variety of businesses and consumers, but there is one reason to consider transparent LED display systems in particular: transparency.
What is a transparent LED display?
A transparent LED Display is an LCD screen that enables the user to see through the screen to view their surroundings. They are also known for being able to be seen in sunlight without glare.
Benefits of transparent LED display
Transparent displays are an interesting form of technology that has many benefits. They shine light onto the screen, which boosts visibility for viewers. This feature also helps people who have difficulty looking at bright screens, like those with photosensitivity. Furthermore, the screen is easy to clean and can last for a long time if cared for properly. The transparency makes it easier to see what your phone is doing on a battery level, as well as notifications.
Why should I choose transparent LED display?
When you are shopping for a new device, the one that stands out is the transparent display. There are many benefits to choosing this type of display including cost savings, increased visibility, and protection from damaging UV light sources. A transparent LED display is a different option in the methods of displaying information. Transparency allows people, such as chefs and engineers, to see through the display and into the machine that the information is being shown on. This helps in better understanding. However, there are disadvantages to using a transparent LED display. It’s still necessary to install a backlight, which increases energy use and decreases the brightness.
In conclusion, transparent LED display technology has changed the way that we interact with technology. It is an inexpensive and highly efficient type of display that can be used in just about any application.


This blog will focus on the measurement of the anti-blooming capabilities of a monochrome sensor. As known, blooming occurs when a (group of) pixel(s) is overexposed and the photodiode can no longer store all generated charges. With an anti-blooming structure inside the pixel, the excessively generated charges can be drained, e.g. excessive electrons can escape through the reset transistor to the power supply. But every anti-blooming structure has its limitations, and with this measurement we try to find the limits of the anti-blooming structure present in a pixel.
What is checked with this measurement is simply the size of an overexposed sensor area. If the illumination level is increased, ideally the size of such an overexposed area should stay constant even with an overexposure. But in reality and while the illumination level is increasing, the size of the overexposed area will grow due to several mechanisms :
- Diffraction at the various edges of the metal lines above a pixel will “guide” photons to neighbouring pixels,
- Multiple reflections in the multi-level layer structure above the pixels can also “guide” photons to neighbouring pixels,
- Fresnel reflections on the sensor surface and on the lens surface can result in ghosting structures,
- Diffraction and reflections at the edges of the iris/diaphragm present in the optical system,
- Optical and electrical cross-talk between the pixels,
- Light piping underneath the metal lines and/or metal shields,
- Blooming effects after the pixels are saturated and the anti-blooming is no capable of handling the excess charges.
All these effects are proportional to the amount of light that comes to the sensor. In the measurements, the amount of light to the sensor is modulated by changing the exposure time. That means that all these effects can be written down with a formula that contains a linear coefficient in relation to the exposure time. This is true for all abovementioned effects, except for the blooming. The blooming also has a linear relationship with exposure time, but with a particular threshold. Below a certain exposure time, the pixel will not be saturated or the anti-blooming capabilities are performing well so that no blooming occurs. Above a certain exposure time, the blooming effect will start and will be added to all other effects that grow the overexposure sensor area. So the measurement will explore the size of an overexposure area as a function of exposure time and will try to find the knee point at which level the blooming effect occurs.
The measurement is performed as follows (to measure the anti-blooming along columns in vertical direction) :
- The sensor is illuminated with a target that allows a black-white transition about half-way the sensor height, and the black-white transition horizontally crosses a column in the middle of the sensor (e.g. column 380 out of 752 active columns)
- The location of the black-white transition is monitored in the images generated by the sensor. To do so, the balck-white transition is defined at a level of 75 % of the white part of the test target (75 % is randomly chosen, any other value can do the job as well),
- The illumination of the target is kept constant (white fluorescent DC light), and to get different light levels on the sensor, the exposure time of the imager is changed from very small values to very large values,
- While changing the exposure levels, the location black-white transition is constantly calculated to monitor the growth of the overexposed area.
Figure 1 shows one of the images captured at the onset of saturation, Figure 2 illustrates the situation at 10 times overexposure, Figure 3 is the result while overexposing the sensor 100 times, and finally Figure 4 illustrates a factor of 1000 times overexposure.
Figure 1 : Image of the test target at the moment the sensor starts to saturate .
Figure 2 : Image of the test target at the moment the sensor is 10 times overexposed .
Figure 3 : Image of the test target at the moment the sensor is 100 times overexposed .
Figure 4 : Image of the test target at the moment the sensor is 1000 times overexposed .
A simple software tool is developed to check for every exposure time, on which row the horizontal black-white crossing is occurring in the images. If the pixels are not saturated yet, the software tool simply outputs row number “500”, which actually does not exist. As soon as at a particular illumination level the pixels in the white region reach 75 % of saturation, the measurement tool outputs the row number at which the black-white transition occurs. If the overexposed area reaches the top of the image, like shown in Figure 4, the output of the measurement tool is equal to “0”. The result of this analysis is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5 : Position of the black-white transition (indicated as row number) as a function of exposure time.
In Figure 5, from left to right, the following information is available :
- For small exposure times (< 1 ms), the white pixels are not yet reaching 75 % of saturation, this is indicated by the row value equal to “500”,
- For an exposure value of 1.28 ms, saturation occurs (= 75 %) and the black-white transition is located at row number “224”,
- From this moment onwards the large white area starts growing slowly due to all kind of optical artefacts, listed already earlier in this blog,
- For exposure times larger than 200 ms, the area of the white spot grows very fast, as can be seen in the graph. This change in “speed” is due to the blooming artefact that apparently occurs at very high exposure levels.
To calculate a number for the anti-blooming capabilities of the sensor, the same data as present in Figure 5 is shown again on a linear scale as illustrated in Figure 6.
Figure 6 : The same information is shown as already illustrated in Figure 5, but now on a linear scale.
The two important regions (saturated but no blooming and saturated with blooming) are approximated by means of a linear regression line. And as can be seen, below 174 ms exposure time, blooming plays no important role, but above 174 ms exposure time, blooming is dominating over all other artefacts. The exposure time of 174 ms seems to be a cross-over exposure time.
The anti-blooming capability is then defined as the ratio of the exposure time at which saturation is reached (texp = 1.28 ms) and the cross-over exposure time (texp = 174 ms), resulting in an anti-blooming capability of 136 times overexposure.
In conclusion : a long story to explain a relative simple measurement. More anti-blooming stuff to follow.


correct the vision damage
Eye glasses, sometimes called spectacles or “glasses,” are personal vision eye equipment, normally consisting of small hard plastic or glass lenses mounted on a rigid frame that holds them above a person’s eyes, usually using a bridge above the nose and pivoted arms that rest above the ears. These eye accessories are designed to reduce glare and enhance peripheral vision while preserving eye alignment while focusing on visual tasks. The term “eyeglasses” came from eye glasses (a type of lens) originally worn by Royal Air Force Pilots to correct the vision damage caused by low-grade night vision lenses. The word “eye” comes from the Latin word “eye” meaning “clear.”
These eye accessories are typically worn in one eye only, but some people use both at the same time. A pair of eye glasses is used to correct the problems caused by a certain type of eye disease, either refractive or astigmatism, and is custom-fitted for each patient according to his or her specific prescription. This prescription is usually made by an optical expert who will take measurements of the patient’s eyes, including distance and symmetry from the central curve of the eye socket, curvature of the ocularis, and other factors.
Typically, eye glasses are worn with contact lens (OP), or corrective lenses. Contact lens is the most common eye wear. It is generally less expensive and provides greater convenience than eye glasses because it does not have to be constantly replaced like eye glasses. However, the disadvantages of using contact lens far outweigh the advantages.
Disparate vision can occur for a variety of reasons, ranging from congenital conditions to aging, and there are a lot of factors that contribute to this condition. One of the most common vision impairments caused by refractive error is farsightedness. Some people, because of their genetic make-up, have to wear contact lens. But as we grow older, most of us tend to lose some of our eyesight. Aside from the fact that it is inconvenient, wearing contact lens is a huge disadvantage because our vision gradually deteriorates with time.
eyeglass is astigmatism
Another problem brought about by the use of eyeglass is astigmatism. Astigmatism occurs when the front surface of your eye is slightly irregular in shape. This irregularity can cause blurred vision, especially when you look up. Some people who suffer from astigmatism require glasses or contact lens but cannot live without them because their eyesight deteriorates too much.
Vision correction surgery is performed by laser eye surgery. Lasers can correct any eye defects such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism effectively. But the major advantage of laser eye surgery is the cost. It is considered as the most effective procedure for eye care. The surgery is done in a safe and effective manner and the patient will regain their normal eye function without suffering from side effects.


Our optical staff is skilled and knowledgeable. They work closely with the doctor to develop an optical lens design that fits your needs for work or play.
- Water Sports – Polarized
- Boating & Fishing
- Computer Digital Eyewear
- Aircraft Pilots
- Scuba & Snorkeling
- Contact Sports
- Tennis & Golf
- Law Enforcement/Weapons & Firearms
- Industrial Safety
Of course, they have to look good too. That’s why we have a very nice selection of both designer and traditional eyeglass frames. Feel free to stop in and check out our selection.
New clients and all our current patients are welcome to visit our optical with their current prescription – no appointment necessary.
Providing a quality selection of top Blue Light Lenses: Eyezen, Shamir, Zeiss, and BlueTech.
We carry a large variety of top designer frames for both eyeglasses and sunglasses.
We'd like to help you narrow your search with a few designer brands we are particularly fond of. We can take photos of you as well, to help you.
Quality Eyeglass Lenses from Varilux, Zeiss, ClearBlue, Crizal Prevencia and more, in Fort Lauderdale, FL.
Eyeglasses are more popular today than ever, despite the availability of contact lenses and vision correction surgery.
Whether or not you require vision correction, sunglasses can add an element of comfort and enhanced performance to your activities, while helping you look great.
Get tips on caring for your lenses and frames and learn about the benefits of bifocals, progressives, high index lenses and prescription sunglasses.
Sports glasses, Protective eyewear, SCUBA diving... we can help you with glasses for your specific needs.
Today’s eyeglass lens treatments make a real difference in what you see, and what you don’t see. Scratches, glare, ultraviolet rays—all are potential hazards to healthy sight that can be minimized or eliminated by a lens treatment.
Transitions® Lenses Optical, Inc. has developed the world's most advanced photochromic lens technology—the ability of a lens to darken in the presence of invisible UV light. Transitions® Lenses are the #1 brand of photochromic lenses recommended by eye care professionals worldwide.
Help your child choose eyewear that suits their lifestyle. The right frame and lens will help them in school, work and at play.
Visit our interactive on-line tool and we'll guide you through a series of questions about you, your lifestyle and your specific eyewear needs to help you choose the glasses that are right for you!


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||A place talk about the key features of brand cameras and more...
| Camera Talk
|Nikon N65  Back
|Type of camera: Integral motor autofocus 35mm single lens reflex with electronically controlled focal-plane shutter and built-in Speedlight|
|Picture format: 24mm x 36mm (standard 35mm film format)|
|Lens mount: All metal Nikon F Mount with AF coupling and AF contacts|
|Compatible lenses:All AF Nikkor|
|Lightweight and compact design - Extraordinary Nikon SLR performance in a remarkably small and lightweight camera|
|Designed for ease of use - Five icon identified pre-programmed shooting modes take care of all the details for a wide range of picture taking situations and General Purpose Program for care free shooting|
|Smart light metering systems - 6-segment 3D Matrix Metering supported by Nikon's on-board DataBase of over 30,000 stored images in all Auto Modes plus classic 75/25 Center Weighted in Manual Mode|
|Fast auto-focusing - Fast Full time AF operation with every AF Nikkor lens. Nikon's exclusive Dynamic AF technology with Closest Subject Priority automatically selects corresponding AF sensors -- all at up to 2.5 frames per second|
|Exclusive Nikon flash exposure technology - Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash delivers stunning results|
|Dimensions (WxHxD):Approx. 5.6x3.6x2.6 inches|
|Weight (without batteries): Approx. 13.9 oz.||


Binoculars - Busch 10 x 50.
Similar example available
A pair of German binoculars by Busch, ca 1950.
Made of aluminium, the instrument has a magnification of 10 x 50 and the oculars are inclined at 45° with filters. It is mounted on an adjustable aluminium and brass tripod stand.
A similar available example has a slightly larger magnification of 10 x 80 and is mounted on an adjustable wooden tripod stand.
Price range: under £10,000


Don’t wonder guys when I say:
“Stars and skies are in your palms now”, because I am gonna lead you to this gigantic invention, monocular, right here, right now.
Monocular is a low powered telescope, with a magnifying lens in the assembly to see the distant things more closely and clearly. The thirst of finding the Best Monoculars 2018 is just understandable in the peeps; because of its wide-range applications. Its features are comparable to both spotting scopes and binoculars. So where is the difference? The dissimilarity between binocular and this device is that you use it with one eye. Size is another major area of difference. This device can be as small as a pen unlike a binocular.
In other words, it is a simple pipe like device having a magnifying lens and prisms embedded inside. Going into the optical details is out of the scope, but peeking at the characteristics associated with it is just necessary.
Best Monoculars 2018 – Buyer’s Guide
Features to look for when buying:
The level of excellence of any device must be determined by a criterion, no argument on that. Same goes with these devices fellas. Here is all what you need to know about this visual facilitator. So let’s start talking about the features integrated in the best monocular ever.
Well, this is obvious buddies, because this is why you even buy a monocular. You need high magnification power to see the far off things more clearly. But there is a trap and you need to understand it. Very high magnification power of the monocular telescope makes it difficult to focus on things, which affects the visual ease. The point is, don’t compromise on the visual ease for unnecessary clarity in the view.
Size of Lens:
Do you know what the most important part of any visual device is? It’s the lens, guys. Quality of image is directly dependent on the quality, size and focus of the lens. Therefore, consider the device having a lens with large diameter and wide field of view.
Have you ever experienced glare while using a monocular or binocular? Lens coating is the solution out of that issue. A fully coated lens is able enough to provide a clear view with absolutely no interruptions.
Are you a lover of the nature or a hunter? In any case, you’re gonna need the best monocular with the ability of focusing on the things more distantly. Don’t forget to check this attribute before throwing cash for a device.
Response to water:
Have you got a fisherman inside you? You definitely need to have a waterproof monocular then. Other gadgets might get malfunctioned when exposed to water.
Type of Prism:
Type of prism used in the monocular telescope may also have an impact on your decision about buying that gadget. The prism is either of Roof or Porro type. Porro was a standard until the 1960’s. But the best monoculars of the current age have the roof prisms mostly, because of which they are more compact, light and comfortable.
Night Vision Facilitation:
You don’t need to be the batman for monitoring the streets in night guys, but you surely need some assistance for watching the faraway places. Night vision monocular can fully serve the purpose. So, stop worrying about the visual issues in night and start worrying about finding the best monocular having night vision facility.
Size and Warranty:
Let me tell you ladies and gentlemen, the size of everything really matters, especially when it comes to visual aids. You can’t handle a binocular in your pocket, but you can surely afford to have a pen sized monocular in your pockets. So get whatever size you need. But don’t forget to note the warranty offered by the manufacturer. A reasonable warranty is a must feature of an elegant monocular.
Benefits of a Monocular:
Monocular is a useful gadget, as discussed above, and it has some strong points over binoculars and spotting scopes as well, let’s ponder upon those aspects now.
You can’t get a visual aiding device with a size less than that of a pen. Only a monocular provides you this leverage, which makes it extremely lightweight, easily transportable and conveniently manageable. The best monocular is the one having maximum efficiency in the above mentioned aspects.
Are you suffering from farsightedness?
This gadget under discussion can be the solution of your problems by letting you view all the surrounding things more clearly. You can even view the things at night too; just get the night vision monocular and make your life easier. Finding such kinds of devices isn’t a hectic task too. There are plentiful night vision goggles for sale at numerous places.
You can’t restrict the applications of monocular to just one domain. Apart from seeing distant objects, this instrument can also be brought under application for reading the newspaper or any other text by magnifying it. Just turn it over, and your magnifier is ready to use. This feature is of particular significance to the old fellas.
Summarizing it all, monocular is the instrument having application ranging from paper reading to deer hunting. It all depends on you, how you use it and which kind of device you buy. Whatever you think of buying, just make it sure that it fulfills the standards of the best monocular.


Fingerprint sensors have become popular in consumer products, and the technology has been evolving. The capacitive type is thinner than the optical type and has the advantage of smaller size. However, it used to be more expensive, but now it is becoming cheaper. As for the accuracy of identification, it is related to the algorithm and fingerprint sensing area, there is little difference between the two types. The BM92S2222-A
capacitive fingerprint sensor supports 100 fingerprints. What we think the biggest difference with the optical type is that it does not light when capturing fingerprints.


Throughout history, camera designers have frequently desired to replace the flexible leather lens bellows found on cameras that make them more compact. Some early variations of the box camera were designed as a box within a box, which allowed the user to focus the camera and collapse it for storage. Later there was the English Wembley Sports, a Bakelite camera with a spiral lens tube that allowed focus and storage. The Zenith 127 boasted a slide-out lens tube that focused a meniscus lens to two feet, and, of course, the Argus A series with a sliding metal lens tube.
After WWII, thin Russian leather for bellows was both scarce and expensive. This caused several European camera makers to develop steel lens tubes that pulled the lens into focusing position for the popular 6x6/120 film market. Some used the same body as the bellows version, and some a spiral spring to propel the lens outward and lock it in position.
First was probably the Braun Paxina around 1950/51, based on Braun’s “Pax” camera designs. The Pax had a square, metal, pull-out lens tube, which was very similar to the Beacon. Both were little more than box cameras. The improved version, the Paxina, had a round lens tube on a modified body. The top-of-the-line version, beginning in 1951, had a Steiner 2.9 triplet and a Prontor SVS shutter. Vredeborch followed in 1952 with the Nordina, which was very similar and had the same Steiner 2.9/Prontor SVS combination. Dacora joined the party in 1954 with the Digna, which included an Enna Correlar 2.9 lens and Pronto shutter. Gerlach marketed an Ideal with Reporter Achromat 7.7 lens and B, M shutter . Braun topped the market with the Gloria, which was a Paxina with a coupled split image rangefinder. The Steiner 2.9 became a Steiner Praxar 2.9/Steinheil Proxanar 2.9, which is easy and natural to use, despite being a little nose heavy
By 1955, other manufacturers marketed their versions of the 120 tube camera. Eumig, famous for movie cameras, offered an Eumigetta with a very good 5,6 movie style triplet lens ? in front of the B-I shutter. Goldammer offered a Goldeck with the Steiner 2.9/ Pronto combination, Balda Baldexette with a doublet and B-I shutter, and Durst with a Duplox with an Achromat lens. I assume the simpler lenses indicate that there was a lot of competition for this corner of the camera market. Most of the cameras were marketed in multiple versions, which had simpler (3.5-4.5-8) lenses on the same body. The most expensive was probably the Braun Gloria at about $50.00 from 1954-1957. Only Universal with the Meteor and Beacon with a square lens tube emerged in the U.S. market. The only Japanese I found was the rather simple Koroll.
All were a 35mm style, making them a little larger than the Yashica/Canon-style 35s of the next decade. They handled well, and with better lenses like the Steiner 2.9, they were capable of very sharp 6x6 slides. All the lenses were front element focus, shutters were lever set some with a red dot visible in the viewfinder to warn that the shutter was cocked, and some had body release. None had double exposure prevention, and all used the traditional red window film advance. The Steiner/Steinheil/Enna 2.9 triplet was in a huge (for the time) 42mm mount with the large first element protruding.
All a little large for the pocket, they all make a convenient, comfortable neckstrap camera to take to a car show or a park to capture memorable scenes in mpressive 6x6 Fuji slides. The 75-80mm lenses with 3.5-foot close-up focus make a fair snapshot/portrait camera, especially with a diffusion filter for glamour images of your better half. Don’t be surprised to receive some public attention for using “that antique camera” in a public place.
Various internet sources
Personal notes and collection


Phantom Miro M110 Camcorder that captures super slow motion
Introducing the third generation of the Phantom Miro cameras. Small, lightweight, rugged and packed with advanced features. The high speed of the most accessible camera available today, Miro M-Series cameras are ideal for a wide range of applications requiring moderate frame rates in the general resolution. Of all the tricks of cinematography in this book, few are as effective and primitive as a super slo-mo, and some names are as synonymous with time-stretching technology such as Vision Research.
Each Miro M-Series cameras are compatible with new storage technologies and unique Vision Research CineFlash. This non-volatile removable storage devices slide into the camera body and provides a way to quickly save images from camera memory without the need for downloading time-consuming and expensive. Then, remove the module CineFlash from the camera and insert it into the docking station that connects to the computer. Vision Research M110 has a 1.6 gigapixel / sec (GPX / s) throughput, so the image can capture up to 1600 frames-per-second (fps) at full resolution. The M310 has a throughput of 3.2 GPX / s and can capture up to 3200 fps at full resolution.
The M110 and M310 are good Miro 1-megapixel camera capable of capturing and recording up to a resolution of 1280 x 800, where is the M110, can achieve 1600 fps at full resolution and M310 3200 fps. Drugs are stored in this CineFlash now immediately available on the computer. You can also transfer drugs from the camera to your computer and edit images using our software Phantom Camera Control (PCC). When ordering your camera, just specify if you want 60GB, 120GB or 240GB of storage CineFlash. A CineFlash 60GB and Dock comes with every purchase of a camera!
Maximum frame rate at maximum resolution: 1,600 fps at 1280 x 800
1.6 Gpx/s throughput
Minimum exposure: 2μs
Phantom CineFlash storage system
Phantom RCU compatible for portable applications
Image-Based Auto-Trigger to capture unpredictable events


An achromatic lens is a combination of two lenses made of different types of glass, and has considerably less chromatic aberration (false color) than a single lens. All high quality lens systems in modern binoculars, cameras and other optical instruments use achromatic lenses.
A single lens refracts (bends) parallel light and focuses it to a point. The distance of this point from the lens depends upon both the curvature of the lens and the refractive index (light-bending power) of the lens material.
A slightly different refractive index applies to each color of light. Consequently when white light, which is a mixture of all colors, passes through a simple lens, the various colors are dispersed and are focused at different points. This produces an image with the rainbow-colored fringes characteristic of chromatic aberration.
Different types of glass have different refractive indexes, so that one type may be used to compensate for the chromatic aberration of another. It is possible to construct a compound lens (two lenses stuck together) with two types of glass of different curvatures fitted into each other; this is free from chromatic aberration for two colors of light. Crown glass and flint glass are the two most commonly used types.
When white light passes through an achromatic lens corrected for, say, red and blue, there will still be a slight chromatic aberration caused by the other colors, such as green. For high-class photographic work, lenses are made with three or more types of glass to eliminate almost all chromatic aberration for white light. These are called apochromatic or process lenses.
Before the invention of the achromatic lens, by John Dolland in 1758, it was difficult to build powerful refracting telescopes for astronomy. By using a lens with very shallow curves, chromatic aberration was reduced but at the expense of making the telescope extremely long. Some instruments of this type were made and had to be suspended from towers, making them very awkward to use. In the 17th century Sir Isaac Newton believed that it was impossible to overcome the colored fringes produced by lenses, and he invented the reflecting astronomical telescope with a mirror, which reflects all colors equally, instead of a lens.
Even with well-made modern instruments, chromatic aberration is often seen, particularly when looking through a telescope or pair of binoculars at a dark object against a bright sky. A lens which is well-corrected will show barely detectable apple green and plum red fringes. Poorly made lenses give vivid blue and orange fringes.