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Optimized high definition optical system for improved photometric performance
Through months of research and development, by learning from the top international brands who are professional at studio lights, Color Imagination recently launched a totally new series of high definition and ultra quiet LED studio lights into our product range, basing on our driving force, light quality.
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The housing is made by rugged, die cast aluminum alloy, compact and light weight. The profile features brightest output and the boldest rendering of the colors you use most, flicker free even at high speed. It delivers projection like natural sunlight. The 2-in-1 version’s temperature and tints could be adjusted to illuminate individual skin tones perfectly, resulting in great look in person and on camera. The bi-colors are individually tunable to achieve innovative tungsten to daylight advantages, color temperature adjustable from 3200K to 5600K. The RGBW/RGB version are with infinite color mixing system that brings any colors to lighting designers. The profiles come with 3 metal spot cutting slots by which the users could cut the spot into kinds of shapes. Color frame, gobo slot and manual iris system are optional.
The profiles are ideal for theatres, houses of worship, conference rooms, special photography, TV sudios, exhibition centres, universities and schools, hospitality, retail, clubs, etc.


The best lens for the Sony a6000 will depend on your requirements. There are a few long lenses for micro four thirds cameras but I liked the look of the Olympus 70-300mm f4-5. The 16-50mm current kit lens is better than you would think, actually pretty good. Find low everyday prices and buy online for delivery or in-store pick-up. It can also use FE-mount lenses, designed for full frame Sony mirrorless cameras.
*Among interchangeable-lens digital cameras equipped with an APS-C image sensor as of Febru, based on Sony research. Not to mention that I cannot put wide angle lenses on it and it has nowhere near the light gathering ability of the A6000. What lenses work with a6000? 8 as my go to lens, especially for hiking. manual focus prime lens "The. You just need to change the &39;Fire without lens&39; menu option to &39;Enable&39;, because with a Nikon adaptor fitted the camera thinks it has no lens attached at all. Use "Remote" to control and monitor live shooting from your PC; "Viewer" to quickly preview, rate, and select photos from large image libraries; and "Edit" to develop RAW data into high-quality photos for delivery.
The Sony a6000 can use A-mount lenses but you will need an adapter. 7 you are able to take shots at nighttime and in dark environment. Many of the remote solutions I have looked at only cover stills, including the not so smart Sony "smart remote control" phone app. The built-in Wifi also enables remote control from your smartphone or tablet, options for uploading to the cloud, across Wifi networks, and the ability to transfer images from the camera and. 0 ED UMC Lens (9): Rokinon 135mm f/2. It is a great lens for photography such as landscape and portrait with its max aperture of f/1. With a mirrorless camera like the a6000 there&39;s another inexpensive macro option a lot of folks fail to consider.
Attached with an a6000 24. These cameras work with all Sony E mount lenses and can work with lenses of other mount types with the use of an adapter. Yeah it weighs about half as much as one of my Canon bodies, without a lens.
What is the best lens for a Sony a6500? You do want to use the camera distortion correction or the lens correction in Lightroom, since uncorrected the distortion on the wide end is impressive. You can get a 50mm f/2. as in a little over one pound. Some adapters are manual focus only which can be a problem because many Canon and Nikon DSLR lenses don’t have an aperture ring, so you need to find an adapter that can let you control these settings electronically (the adapter must have electronic contacts on the mount). 99) as well as higher resolution. · The optional wireless remote control does not work with the camera.
The Sony -FE 90mm f/2. 8 superb enlarging lens does the a6000 remote work with a manual lens for a fraction of it&39;s original value and a fraction of the cost of that macro lens. I really enjoy using manual focus with my A6000. (A6000, A6300, A6400. · What is a remote shutter release and how does it work? Current Price 9. Elevate your photography with the Imaging Edge desktop applications. I have been using the Sigma 30mm f2.
Price Match Guarantee. Also known as IBIS, this feature stabilizes the a6500 so you can shoot steady handheld video or low-light photos no matter what lens you are using. Without this it won’t work: Then tab 2, set “Peaking Level” to Mid or High (whichever works for you. The Panasonic GX85 has built in stabilisation so you don’t need it in the lens. With a battery in and a 18-55 lens the unit weighs a mere 16. Having to manually focus is the obvious downside, and I know some people don&39;t mind that but there are still some issues. · Best Telephoto lenses for Sony A6000.
Even the more modern video cameras cannot hold a candle to A6000 in that department. The Sony a6000 uses standard E-mount lenses, designed for its APS-C sensor. I tend to never use manual focus on my Sony lenses. 8 Macro does the a6000 remote work with a manual lens lens is not only a great lens for Macro work,.
What’s the best lens for Sony a6000? It is used when pressing the camera’s shutter button or built-in self timer is impossible, impractical or simply inconvenient. Furthermore, A-mount lenses are designed for Sony’s DSLR and DSLT cameras which have a longer flange distance (sensor to mount) than mirrorless cameras.
8 A Mount Lens ( for a 7 Day Rental – See More) Sony 16-70mm f/4 ZA OSS Lens ( for a 7 Day Rental – See More) Sony E PZ 18-105mm f/4 G OSS Lens ( for a 7 Day Rental – See More). 00 Get it as soon as Mon, Nov 30. Make sure to turn the a6000 off or the battery will not charge. With this lens its aperture and focus is set manually. Basically with Meike MK-35mm F1. 7 you get a standard manual 35mm Sony A6000 prime lens.
In contrast, the other a6000 cameras offer only 2-axis stabilization when using a stabilized lens. It&39;s manual zoom. Lens & Optics; Lens Mount: Sony E: Lens: Sony SELP1650 PZ 16-50mm f/3. I like it and it&39;s sharp and all, but now I&39;m noticing that I might be better off with something a little wider, and I like the kit lens since it has a good focal range 16-55mm but it is not as sharp or good quality as the sigma of course. 0 ED UMC Lens is a manual focus telephoto prime lens useful for portraiture and most telephoto applications. My lunch weighed more than that.
How do you charge an A6000 camera? · First, use settings tab 3 to enable “Release W/O Lens”. Applicable Products and Categories of This Article NOTE: For additional information regarding any of the features or settings discussed in this solution, refer to the supplied operations manual. Product Title Sony Alpha A6000 Manual Focus High Power 1000mm Lens. First, they added 5-axis in-body camera stabilization. The a6000 battery is the NP-FW50.
All of the cameras in the a6000 line use the same system. Best Lenses for the Sony a6500, a6300, and a6000: Zooms Sony E 10-18mm f/4 OSS Lens ( for a 7 Day Rental – See More) Sony 16-50mm f/2. I got the manual out to check the specs. I also have a Sony A7S and a Sony A7R ii that I use with the Yashica lenses. 3 megapixel sony camera.
6 OSS; 9 elements in 8 groups, 4 aspheric surfaces: Focal Length (35mm equivalent):. · 7 Recommended Zoom Lenses for a6000 Series E Mount Cameras. Can You mount lenses on a Sony A6000?
A remote shutter release is a device used to trigger a camera from a distance. Shop for macro lens for sony a6000 at Best Buy. · I use the Sony A6000 with the earlier kit soon, the SEL1855 lens.
6 OSS IS lens mounted. The camera rattles along at 11 fps just like it does with a Sony lens. · The Best Wide Angle Lenses for Landscapes – Sony a6000 / a6300 / a6400 / a6500 Last updated: Aug Go to Comments A quick look inside the camera bag of most photographers will usually reveal at least one wide-angle prime or zoom. Basically with Meike MK-35mm F1. With the general collapse of the film darkroom enlarging lenses can be had for very little $$. Measured using internal methods with an E PZ 16-50 mm F3. No problem with &39;Continuous Hi&39; and a manual Nikon lens.
See more results. The Wi-Fi feature is about the same as the A6000’s predecessor, and can run Sony’s feature-enhancing ‘Playmemories Apps’. The A6000&39;s APS-C size imaging chip (the same size as in most DSLRs) has nearly twice as many phase detection sensors as its predecessor, the NEX-6, does (179 vs. I’ve divided the post into prime lenses and the best all in one lenses for the A6000 (or others) as that’s often the first choice you have to make. Shop Sony Alpha a6000 Mirrorless Camera with E PZ 16-50mm f3. Okay, so maybe it’s lighter than my 7DMKII, or my 6D,. Sony’s A-mount lenses have a different bayonet than E-mount lenses so they can’t be attached directly.
) I figured I’d take a stab at answering that question! And the lens fits perfectly except for the fact that it does not extend when the camera turns on. It expresses vibrant color and soft out-focusing area which makes it the best lens to shoot portrait, night scenery, wild-life and journalism. Alternatively, the a6000 can be charged via USB by a portable power bank or you computer. This includes the rest of the Sony Alpha series as well. · Nikkor Z, Canon EF-M and RF lenses won’t work on the a6000.
To charge it, you connect the power cord (mains lead), the AC adapter and the Micro USB cable to the camera. 6 OSS Lens Graphite Gray at Best Buy. CIPA guideline compliant. Contrast is much batter than using native lenses too. So i reattached it yet the issue persisted however what I find interesting is that there is no issue with any of the contacts or joining pins.
Lightweight, compact and sturdily built, the α6400 is loaded with impressive capabilities and features. They have the same size sensor and mount type. Sony Alpha a6000 Mirrorless Digital Camera with 16-50mm and 55-210mm Lenses + 32GB Card, Tripod, Case, and More does the a6000 remote work with a manual lens (19pc Bundle) 8. Anyway, the Canon lenses work really well on the A6000, and the colour, light transmission and so on are all excellent. Finally got time to check out the a6000 earlier today. · They have some features which beat the a6000 too and there are a few long lenses available for the micro four thirds lens mount.
With super-fast AF and highly precise subject tracking, it&39;s ideal for capturing fast-moving action, while its wide sensitivity range and stunning image quality make it suitable for just about any photographic opportunity you may encounter, whether you&39;re shooting stills or movies. Rokinon 135mm does the a6000 remote work with a manual lens f/2. What lenses work with A6000?
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Retrieval of aerosol loading in vertical atmospheric columns is a common product of satellite and ground instruments that measure spectral extinction of solar radiation throughout the entire atmosphere. Here we study ground hyperspectral imaging of artificial light sources as a complementary method for retrieving fine aerosol concentrations along quazi-horizontal ambient open paths. Previously, we reported hyperspectral measurements of the aerosol optical thickness in the 500–900 nm range over urban-scale distances (180 m to 4 km), measuring the extinction of radiation emitted from a halogen source. Here we confirm in a laboratory-setup the basic premise that different accumulation-size aerosols generate distinct hyperspectral signatures in this spectral range. Measured hyperspectral attenuation signatures of fine aerosols were comparable to calculated Mie scattering signatures, suggesting that modal aerosol concentrations can be retrieved. A genetic algorithm was adapted to estimate the aerosol modal concentrations from its hyperspectral extinction signature. Retrievals of aerosol concentrations from measured and synthetic hyperspectral signatures indicated a robust algorithm, with an expected retrieval error of 0.2–22% for typical ambient concentrations along an urban-scale open path. The retrieval accuracy was found to depend on the relative aerosol modal concentrations, especially when there is a substantial overlap between the modal spectral signatures.


Kino Flo 4 Bank 4ft Continuous Lights – Cineview Studios
Kino Flo’s 4ft 4Bank portable lighting system is reintroduced with a new design. The 4Bank is brighter than a 1,000W soft light, yet draws only 2.6A (120VAC), 50% less than the previous model. New features include new graphics, new color coded connectors and new power switches.
- 4ft 4bank fixture
- Mounting plate
- Extension ballast


The device takes and processes photos in the RAW format, which maintains the superior image quality.
Each camera in the machine is calibrated with ICC color profile, which allow to obtain a perfect level of colour reproduction.
IMATIK uses patented background removal technology, which makes the process extremely reliable.
The device uses cutting edge Violet Chip technology, the LED lighting technology, which is the closest to the natural sunlight.
Three Canon DSLR cameras mounted in the machine, allow to take pictures of the product from three different sides at once. Photos from the side, from above and from below can be taken without manually re-positioning the object during the session.
Despite it's compact size, IMATIK takes photos corresponding to a distance of 1.5 m. Unique, optical system ensures better perspective of the product being shoot.
With simple and intuitive interface, IMATIK can be operated by everyone.watch full video
Using IMATIK you receive image files ready to be used in your online shop, immediately. The photos taken are automatically processed by IMATIK software.
See how many processes the machine can do for you!
|Max. object size||H: 60 cm W: 35 cm D: 35 cm|
|Cameras||Canon DSLR Top view 700D Sole View 700D Side view 7D MK II|
|Shooting modes||Single, up to 15 pre-defined views, 360° view + top + bottom|
|Internal image processing||14-bit RAW|
|Output format||PNG (with transparency), JPG (custom background), unprocessed RAW + PNG mask|
|ICC color profile||YES separate for each camera|
|Auto Cropping||YES single image, 360° image modes|
|Watermark||YES in front, behind object|
|Auto object centering||horizontal / vertical|
|Export resolution||Custom resolution, full resolution (as shot)|
|Dimensions||H: 195 cm W: 180 cm D: 85 cm|
|Productivity||Up to 40 000 packshots monthly*|


- A clear breakthrough in automotive window films. The Crystalline Series rejects more heat than many dark films without changing the appearance of your vehicle, making it the superior choice for comfort.
- Light tint rejects up to 60% of solar energy and up to 97% of heat-producing infrared rays for the ultimate in comfort.
- Designed to enhance your view by allowing visible light into your vehicle while keeping heat out, so you can see clearly and safely.
- Non-metallized window film lets you stay connected with mobile devices, GPS or satellite radio reception without interference.
- Blocks up to 99% of ultraviolet (UV) light to provide a total Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 1000 for you and your passengers.
- Sold and installed by 3M Authorized Dealer Installers, our films are durable, virtually maintenance-free and backed by a limited lifetime warranty.
The Crystalline Series features a proprietary, multilayer optical film nano technology that combines over 200 layers in a film that is thinner than a Post it® Note. Improving comfort, protecting vehicle interiors and blocking UV rays are hallmarks of 3M™ Automotive Window Films. 3M was issued the first sun control window film patent in 1966, and our innovative window film products have helped provide protection from the sun’s harmful rays for 50 years. NOTE: Auto tint laws vary by state or province. Please check your local laws or ask your dealer installer for films that meet your local tint laws.


Getting Started with Light
Use the Ambient Light sensor to investigate the light around you.
1. Find the Light icon and press to open the Ambient Light sensor.
2. Your phone has a light sensor—can you find it?
It’s usually located on the front face of the phone near the top. Try slowly moving your finger across the phone while you watch the sensor card on Science Journal. The sensor card is measuring lux, a unit of illumination. When the sensor card reading is close to 0 lux, you’re covering the sensor.
3. Move your hand near and far from the sensor.
What do you notice? Make observations in both meter and graph modes.
4. Investigate the light in your environment. If you’re inside, explore all corners of the room:
How do artificial light sources compare to natural light from a window? What happens near a wall, under a table? Where do you find the lowest reading? Where do you find the highest reading? What happens if you place the light sensor at different angles to the light source? Does tilting the phone make a difference?
If you’re outside, explore the natural light from the sun and the different shadows it creates.
What’s Going On?
The ambient light sensor measures light in lux, a measure of illumination that depends on the amount of incoming light and the area over which it is spread.
A full moon provides about 1 lux of illumination, a typical lamp-lit living room about 50 lux, classroom lighting and sunrise and sunset about 400 lux, daylight (indirect sun) over 10,000 lux, and direct sun over 30,000 lux.
Lux is an unfamiliar unit for most of us. When we buy lightbulbs, we often shop by watts—but the wattage of a bulb doesn’t tell you how bright a bulb is, only how much energy it uses. Lumens are a better measure for light shopping; they tell you how much light a bulb will actually produce. Lux, meanwhile, tells you how much of that light arrives at a particular area.
Since light spreads out as it travels, the number of lux dwindles as you back away from a light source, even though the source is still emitting the same amount of light in lumens. An area that is tilted away from a light sources also receives less illumination—which happens to be why the equatorial regions here on Earth are so much warmer than the chilly poles.
By the way, the purpose of the light sensor in your phone is to control the light level of the screen, adjusting accordingly to dim and bright environments. Inside the light sensor, a tiny semiconductor responds to incoming light by producing a small but measurable electrical current—a phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect. Similar sensors are used in some streetlights to turn them on when it gets dark outside.
Here are a few of the many experiments you can do with your light sensor.
Experiment with light from different sources (incandescent, compact fluorescent, and LED bulbs), or with light reflecting off of opaque surfaces and traveling through translucent and transparent materials.
Multiple light sources shining on a single object will create multiple shadows—an umbra or total shadow where all the light is blocked, and a penumbra or partial shadow where one source is blocked and another source fills in. How do the light measurements in the various shadows compare?
Make observations over a longer period of time: What happens if you record the natural light, either through a window or outdoors, in the same place at the same time every day? How does the light change over the course of an hour? A day? A week? A month? A year?
For maximum efficiency, solar panels must be tilted at an angle to maximize their illumination by the sun over the course of the day. Can you use the light sensor to determine exactly what this angle would be for your location? Would your result be different at a different time of year?
If your light meter is maxing out in full sun, try putting sunglasses or another light filter in front of the light meter.
Put a single point source of light in a darkened room and measure the illumination at various distances from the light. (A candle makes a good point source, as does a Mini MagliteTM if you unscrew the cap so the small halogen bulb is exposed.) How does doubling or tripling the distance affect the measurement?Light obeys a mathematical relationship known as the inverse square law —as your distance from the source increases, the amount of light arriving at an area decreases in proportion to the square of the distance. Mathematically, the relationship is expressed as 1/r2, where r is the distance from the source. Not just light, but sound, gravity, electric force, and even spray paint obey the inverse square law. Do your measurements seem to confirm the law?


Fully transparent solar cell could make every window in your house a power source
A Michigan State University research team has finally created a truly transparent solar panel. A breakthrough that could soon usher in a world where windows, panes of glass, and even entire buildings could be used to generate solar energy. Until now, solar cells of this kind have been only partially transparent and usually a bit tinted, but these new ones are so clear that they’re practically indistinguishable from a normal pane of glass. This cell is transparent like glass and uses a much broader spectrum of light than common solar cells. With this technology in the near future it will be possible to charge mobile devices or vehicles. More over with transparent solar cells we could use buildings like skyscrapers to harvest energy. Here is a talk from Michigan State University Prof. Richard Lunt.
WOW! what an exciting accomplishment cant wait till its available for consumers.


Use of goggles and protective masks
c) Perform short-distance operations such as tracheotomy and tracheal intubation for patients with infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. When the blood, body fluids and secretions of the patient may be sprayed, a comprehensive protective mask should be used.
Medical multifunctional goggles are composed of lenses and frames, and there is no special requirement for the frame material. Developed by using optical resin, polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic) as lens material, and adding unique optical crystal materials such as anti-blue light, anti-ultraviolet, anti-optical radiation, and anti-impact, and exclusive special processes. .


Spotting rifle scopes are a useful part of any outdoorsman’s gear. With their magnification power, objects that would ordinarily be indiscernible are revealed with excellent clarity, even over long distances. These scopes can be handheld or mounted on a tripod or rifle for accurate viewing during sport or observation.
Spotting Rifle Scopes Provide an Advantage
These scopes allow the hunter the best possible chance of seeing the prey and getting in a good shot. Bird watchers and amateur astronomers can benefit from the clarity of ED (extra low dispersion) glass, which corrects color and provides sharp clarity for long-distance viewing. Some models have zoom capability which allows you to change magnification without changing lenses.
Coatings give greater contrast between objects for a sharper image. Tripods help steady larger scopes when doing stationary viewing, while some spotting rifle scopes are designed to be more portable. Some can be attached to a camera to act as a telephoto lens which gives greater magnification than standard lenses. When viewing and photographing birds, for instance, these scopes are a versatile tool that make the job easier.
The advantages of having spotting rifle scopes when out in the field are obvious. They give the outdoorsman a better idea of what is out there, and increases his or her chances of having a successful trip. They give the best possible view when observing birds and nature, or while star gazing. They are useful for many purposes, and are an indispensable part of an adventurer’s gear.


Replacement fiber optic decorated MC in gold with LED bulb.
Available for 36 inch or 48 inch artificial Christmas trees.
Hole Diameter: 1 3/4 inches
- Color wheel
- Halogen bulb
Bulb size 12V20W MR16 LED, 2 Prongs Push in type
This Fiber Optic base is compatible with the following adapters:
1. YU120050A1 – 1 Prong (L) Shape Connection
Input: 120VAC 60Hz 12W
Output: 12VAC 500MA
Does not include AC adapter. ** It is highly suggested when purchasing a fiber optic base it is best to purchase new adapters as they are compatible and will avoid unnecessary shortages.


Head-Mounted Mixed Reality
Research into mixed reality has been accelerated by the commercialization of head mounted displays. Mixed reality visualization is an active area at the Peters lab with devices such as the Oculus Rift DK2, Vuzix AR and Google Cardboard providing stereoscopic vision of 3D Slicer environments.
We currently have several methods for displaying stereoscopic images and video. Currently in the lab are numerous high-definition flat-panel stereoscopic displays and a novel autostereoscopic monitor from Dimension Technologies Inc.


A projection screen is an installation consisting of a surface and a support structure used for displaying a projected image for the view of an audience. Projection screens may be permanently installed, as in a movie theater; painted on the wall or portable with tripod or floor rising models as in a conference room or other non-dedicated viewing space. Another popular type of portable screen is inflatable screens for outdoor movie screening (open-air cinema).
Uniformly white or grey screens are used almost exclusively Has to avoid any discoloration to the image, while the most desired brightness of the screen depends on several variables, such as the ambient light level and the luminous power of the image source. Flat or curved screens may be used depending on the optics used to project the image and the desired geometrical accuracy of the image production, flat screens being the more common of the two. Screens can be further designed for front or back projection, the more common being front projection systems, which have the image source situated on the same side of the screen as the audience.
Different markets exist for screens targeted for use with digital projectors, movie projectors, overhead projectors, and slide projectors, although the basic idea for each of them is very much the same: front projection screens work on diffusely reflecting the light projected on to them, whereas back-projection screens work by diffusely transmitting the light through them.


Those who are already well familiar with edge detection and the sobel operator the frei-chen edge detector is using the rgb values as a 3d vector and. Edge detection of color image using vector these operators are applied in color edge detection our proposed operators have better performance for. Expansion and implementation of a 3x3 sobel and prewitt edge detection edge detector in standard sobel operator using the above vector and. Edge direction: unit vector to perpendicular to the edge normal so operators describing edges are expressed using edge detection using the gradient. Presents a new approach to detect step edges with subpixel accuracy the proposed approach is based on a set of orthogonal complex moments of the image kno. Color image edge detection and segmentation: a comparison of the vector angle and the euclidean distance color similarity measures.
A study on image edge detection using the gradients the gradient vector points in the direction of different edge detection operators are applied to detect. Texture edge detection using the compass operator the overall pattern of the vector edge detection in high-dimensional texture images in a reasonable. Automatic edge detection using vector distance and partial normaliza- - edge detection, color edge detection, vector operations and the edge. The canny edge detection operator was developed by john f canny in 1986 and the gradient is a vector a descriptive algorithm for sobel image edge detection. Optimal edge-based shape detection resenting a shape using the coefficient vector of a fitted polyno- more robust edge finding using an elongated edge operator.
Color edge detection in rgb using jointly euclidean distance and vector angle the edge detection operators used difference vector edge detector. It is the thesis of this paper that vector-based edge detection operators is the vector edge operators use the essential spectral information and the. Boundary based segmentation (edge detection) vector inner product of the mask coefficients with image operators edge detection by means of.
Different techniques of edge detection in digital image processing gradient vector or the normal of this vector the prewitt operator is based on convolving. Extraction of edge detection using digital image processing using edge operators the edge points set are extracted of direction derivative is the vector with.
Concept of edge detection edges can be find by one of the any method described above by using any operator after finding edges.
Difference between “edge detection” and “image i have done edge detection using canny and curve detection by for example sobel operator gives smooth. Edge detection using sobel operator learn more about edge detection image processing toolbox. Cs6640: image processing project 2 filtering 24 edge detection but ltering can also be used to perform other operations such. Implementation of sobel, prewitt, roberts edge architecture for edge detection using different operators of gradient is a vector which can be calculated in. Face detection from images using support vector edge detection, morphological operators and support vector machine used by prominent authors of. Color edge detection using vector order statistics the entropy operator is employed as an edge detector for monochrome as well as for color images. In this paper represented method for edge detection and represent different operator using edge detection in this paper the edge detection is use two technique.Download Edge detection using vector operators


MCL Director, Professor C.-C. Jay Kuo, gave a keynote speech at the Optoelectronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology Conference, part of 2014 Photonics Asia Program, on October 10, 2014, in Beijing International Convention Center, Beijing, China.
The title of Professor Kuo’s speech was “Big visual data analysis: challenges and solution strategies”. Due to the huge size and great diversity of visual data, big visual data analytics plays a critical role in applications such as large-scale image/video indexing, search and tagging. In this work, Professor Kuo addressed two competing factors that have a high impact on the performance of a classification system; namely, data diversity and data abundance. He presented two strategies to handle the data diversity problem – data grouping and decision stacking. Once the data diversity problem is well resolved, the solution will benefit from data abundance since more data samples allow a learning-based classifier to offer better performance. Professor Kuo used an indoor/outdoor scene classification problem to show the power of the proposed techniques in handling big visual data.
The Optoelectronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology Conference was chaired by Professor Qionghai Dai of Tsinghua University while Photonics Asia was co-organized by the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) and the Chinese Optical Society (COS). It was the largest annual event showcasing photonics and optical technologies and applications in Asia.


LG Innotek to light up FIFA U-20 game in Suwon
[THE INVESTOR] LG Innotek said on June 8 that the company’s 10-watt high-power light-emitting diode package was used for the main lights of the Suwon Word Cup Stadium, where the finals of the FIFA U-20 World Cup Korea 2017 will be held on June 11.
The high-power LED package emits bright light with power consumption of 1 watt or more, providing optimal lighting that will allow players, spectators and TV viewers to focus on the match, the company said. Its color temperature is 5,000 Kelvin and it is used for sports stadiums, roads and factories.
LG Innotek developed the high-power LED package with high reliability using its unique high-power vertical chip technology, which enables superior color reproduction of 90 or more in terms of color rendering index, optimal color temperature and high lighting efficiency.
The LED package requires about 40 percent less power than metal-halide lighting, according to the firm. At Suwon World Cup Stadium, instead of 2-kilowatt metal-halide lighting, 1.2-kilowatt LED lighting will be used to provide a brightness of 2,200 lux, a higher level required by world soccer’s governing body.
The company plans to expand its LED lineup with those for entertainment stages in the future. It also plans to release multicolor products such as a super high-power LED package with 15 watts or 30 watts products.
By Song Su-hyun (firstname.lastname@example.org)


Are you looking for a new awesome lens for your Nikon or Canon DSLR? We invited our friends from Geefts – the gifts for geeks bible – to recommend the hottest lenses for every budget.
Via Scoop.it – Everything Photographic
Most people enjoy pictures. People take pictures at birthdays, weddings, family get-togethers, and also holiday trips. However, when you anticipate to take quality pictures in your next event, you should be sure the lens in your favorite camera is perfectly clean. With out a perfectly clean camera lens, your pictures will end up terrible as well as the lens may also become damaged.


Application & Technical Notes
Below is technical and application information on ILT's Focused Lens-End Lamps. Many of our lamps can be purchased right from our e-store. To speak with one of our lamp experts, inquire about a customized lamp, or to ask about a sample, contact us using the form below.
ILT offers a variety of sizes and bases in our lens end lamps including miniature krypton, subminiature precision (T-¾ & T-1 sizes), precision midget, precision focused and precision un-based.Adding a lens-end to a miniature lamp increases the output often allowing for use of a lower wattage lamp. The lens gathers light resulting in an intensity increase of up to 10 times at the end of the lamp, as compared to the output of an equivalent lamp without lens, measured at the same point. This phenomenon makes possible a reduction in operational voltage of the lamp resulting in prolonged lamp life.
The most popular Lens- End lamps are Vacuum lamps mounted in a smooth or threaded base. However, other lens-end lamps, are available including halogen, argon and krypton gas filled, un-based, wire lead, and midget based lamps.
The purpose of the Lens-End is to gather light and project it into a useful direction. These Lens-End lamps by themselves cannot satisfy all requirements of an optical system. The lamps have both a focal length and working plane. The working plane is that area where light distribution is optimized for intensity, uniformity and consistency of light pattern. The working plane is typically located perpendicular to the lamp mechanical axis and at a distance of 0.5-3 millimeters from the lens-end. Figures 1 & 2 show typical working plane light patterns for both the 1/4 inch diameter and 1/2-20 diameter lamps.
Due to variations in the manufacturing process for these lamps the light pattern will vary slightly from lamp to lamp. A sample of lamps should be tested in any new design to ensure proper operation.To best utilize these Lens-End lamps it is recommended that the area to be illuminated (fiber optics aperture, or light guide) be placed directly into the working plane. For projection of the light at distances exceeding the distance of the working plane, the addition of an external lens is recommended. Using the working plane with an aperture as the source for a larger transfer lens can provide a uniform well-defined beam for illumination of a distant object.
Lens-End lamps are designed and constructed for those critical optical applications that require a miniature light source with high quality glass envelopes and precisely positioned compact tungsten filaments. These filaments are designed to operate at low voltage and high current providing for rugged construction, miniature size and high light output. Many of the sub-miniature lamps are equipped with sturdy coiled, C-6, and CC-6 filaments. Each filament is carefully positioned and secured to the electrodes.
Fabrication of these lamps occurs in atmospherically controlled environments, incorporating rigid production control. Inspection of each unit to stringent quality control standards is mandatory. The end results being quality glass bulbs free of contamination, filaments of consistent shape, and quality bases manufactured to extremely close tolerances.
More related resources
- NDIR Sensor Sources
- Halogen Sources for Spectral Analysis
- Neon Indicator Sources
- Precision and Lens-End Sources
- Reflectors & Reflector Lamp Assemblies
- Miniature Light Sources
- LED Light Sources


With respect to the truing and sharpening of diamond abrasive grinding tools, traditional machining methods are briefly described, and new dressing methods, such as the laser dressing method, are described in detail. It is pointed out that laser dressing of diamond abrasive tools is a green processing method with high efficiency and no environmental pollution. Numerical simulation research on pulse laser dressing of a bronze diamond abrasive grinding wheel was carried out, and a cumulative heat transfer model of laser dressing energy was developed. The temperature evolution law of the bronze bond and diamond abrasive grains dressed by pulsed fiber laser was determined by numerical analysis of the model. An experiment on the laser dressing grinding wheel was carried out; it was found that when the laser power density was 2.52 × 108 W/cm2∼3.36 × 108 W/cm2, the bronze bond materials could be properly removed, and the diamond abrasive grains could be better sharpened. The laser dressing method can achieve the combination of diamond abrasive grinding tool sharpening and truing. The experiment not only demonstrated the correctness and feasibility of the theoretical model but also provided process optimization for research into pulse laser dressing of diamond abrasive grinding tools.


Coupling to 2 x 106 ultra-high quality factor
silicon photonic crystal cavities
We have proposed an optimized design for the measurement in transmission of photonic crystal width-modulated line-defect cavities. By controlling the number of holes and rows that separate the cavity from the coupling waveguides, the measured quality factor of the cavity can be tuned to be close to the unloaded one. In the case of a weakly coupled cavity, we have measured an ultra-high quality factor that reaches a value of 2 x 106 .
Raman emission in silicon photonic crystals
We have shown that a deterministic value and measurement of the Purcell factor in a semiconductor microcavity can be obtained by using spontaneous Raman scattering as an internal source. In this case the emitter characteristics are entirely determined by the cavity design and do not depend on uncontrolled random factors, as it is usually the case when quantum dot emitters are used. We derive a theoretical expression for the Purcell factor of the cavity in the particular case of Raman scattering, in very good agreement with the experimental measurement.
We have studied the spontaneous Raman scattering in a W1 photonic crystal waveguide on silicon-on-insulator where the lower silica cladding remains. Despite the vertical asymmetry that exists in such a waveguide, we have numerically and experimentally shown that the propagation losses at the pump and the Stokes wavelengths remain low enough to allow a significant enhancement of the spontaneous Raman scattering. In particular, we have observed a reshaping of the Raman spectrum and a more than ten-fold enhancement of the Raman scattering efficiency in a W1 photonic crystal waveguide as compared to a single-mode ridge waveguide.
Quality factor of Si-based photonic crystal L3 nanocavities probed with an internal source
We have investigated the quality factors of silicon-based photonic crystal nanocavities using the photoluminescence of a single layer of Ge/Si self-assembled islands as an internal source. We have focused on membrane-type L3 elongated cavities with or without their lateral edge air holes shifted in position. The photoluminescence measurements were performed at room temperature. We have shown that the quality factor of the fundamental mode observed at a normalized frequency u = a/lambda = 0:25 is strongly dependent on the incident pump power. This dependence is associated with the free-carrier absorption of the photogenerated carriers. The slope of the quality factor vs. incident pump power gives access to the carrier recombination dynamics in these Si-based nanocavities. The measurements indicate that the carrier dynamics is controlled by nonradiative recombination associated with surface recombinations. A surface recombination velocity of 4.8 x 104 cm/s is deduced from the experiments. The spectral red-shift of the cavity modes as a function of incident pump power is correlated to the temperature rise due to thermo-optic effects. The measured temperature rise, which can reach 190 K, is correlated to the value estimated by a thermal analysis.


The Umbra Polarised Spectacle eliminates all reflective glare that hits the lens, reducing eyestrain. The lens provides 99% protection against UV light. Adjustable and extendable arms for a perfect fit.
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Eye Surgery has actually ended up being a mainstream technique of vision adjustment, as well as this short article will certainly explain the benefits as well as disadvantages of three different approaches being supplied to the clinical customer.
Lasik Eye Surgery
LASIK is the acronym for Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis and also is an eye medical system which completely corrects vision by eliminating a thin layer of the cornea. This procedure functions best on individuals with modest to high degrees of nearsightedness (nearsightedness), low to moderate levels of hyperopia (farsightedness) as well as astigmatism connected with myopia, and that have thick corneas. It is the most widely known medical vision improvement technique.
People with typical eye sight see objects plainly because pictures are brought into a right focal point by the cornea and also lens of the eye. Ideally, the cornea's curvature is uniformly matched to its length in a typical eye. Individuals with astigmatism, nearsightedness or hyperopia have irregularly formed corneas, so the objects seen are not concentrated appropriately. LASIK adjustments corneal shape by specific removal of corneal cells, and also by doing so fixes the eyes' focusing power.
There are, nonetheless, risks to LASIK eye surgical treatment.
There is a remote possibility of full loss of vision. If this happens, it is usually because the individual had a pre-existing problem which must have precluded the surgical treatment in the first place, such as pregnancy, cataracts, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, or lupus. People with large students are additionally bad prospects for LASIK. Dry eye syndrome will be aggravated by this procedure.
A couple of individuals grumble that they completely see "ghost" pictures, have obscured vision, decreased contrast and also negative evening vision. When LASIK wased initially presented, 5% of patients had post-operative grievances; nevertheless, improvements in the treatment have actually triggered this rate to go down to less compared to 1% if LASIK is performed by experienced experts as well as patients are properly evaluated before surgical treatment. If problems do happen, they can commonly be resoved by a retreatment.
FDA has approved LASIK laser eye surgical procedure given that 1998. While there are a great deal of pleased clients, there are however no long term researches about its impacts. Understand the constraints as well as the dangers of LASIK eye surgical procedure prior to you sigh for the procedure.
Though much less popular, these tiny implants can enhance vision in individuals with moderate to moderate myopia without the danger of irreversible eye damages inherent in the cells removal strategy of LASIK. Intacs are semi-circular disks dental implanted in the cornea which extend it to assume a flatter form. Though slightly much less precise than LASIK, they are removeable as well as changeable, so if the individual has an unexpected over- or under-correction, the implant could be removed as well as one more of a different dimension inserted to obtain the wanted adjustment. The implants lie at the edge of the cornea, so the main visual location is entirely undamaged and also undamaged, and the strength of the cornea is undiminished, making it a much better alternative for pilots and those who take part in contact sports where eye injury is a possibility.
Intacs are unsuitable for severe myopia as well as more than minor astigmatism (1.00 diopters), as the cornea could only be extended until now. If the Intacs are gotten rid of, vision go back to its preoperative level. Other than vision modification, Intacs are likewise used to treat keratoconus.
Intacs are FDA approved and also 10 year research studies have actually exposed no major problems with Intacs as well as few person problems; however, due to the fact that the procedure takes a lot more training than LASIK, there straight from the source are less eye surgical procedure centers using it. However, the Intacs site provides a list of practitioners in each state, as well a few in Canada, Europe and also Mexico.
Since lots of people do not intend to run the risk of LASIK as well as Intacs can not assist those with severe vision troubles, intraocular lens implants (IOL) are a new choice authorized by the FDA in 2004 to fix moderate to extreme nearsightedness. The Artisan lens, made by Ophtec, is similar to the sort of lens implant used to recover vision following cataract eye surgical procedure.
The brand-new IOL, called the Craftsmen, is meant for only people that have 2.5 diopters or much less of astigmatism.
The fabricated lens does not change the natural lens, yet is put in front of it. The main issue found with the dental implant was the steady loss of endothelial cells in the corneas of people who received the implants. The endothelium is a layer of cells that line the undersurface of the cornea and are necessary in keeping the cornea clear. A three-year research study revealed a regular constant loss of endothelial cells of 1.8 percent a year. At this point, no person could forecast whether this loss will continue at the same price forever, and even its influence on corneal function.
To minimize long-term effects of the tool on the corneal endothelium, the FDA is calling for that the brand-new lenses be classified to define that they ought to just be implanted in people whose corneal endothelial cells are thick adequate to endure small cell loss.
Much more serious issues were few: retinal detachment (0.6%), cataract advancement (0.6%), and also corneal swelling (0.4%). browse around this web-site The FDA is requiring Ophtec to carry out a five-year follow-up study of its implant clients to better evaluate the post-surgical occurrence of cataract development, retinal detachment as well as various other ophthalmic conditions.
The Craftsmen lens is planned to be an irreversible implant.Though it could be eliminated operatively, vision might not always go back to exactly what it was before obtaining the lens. Since it does not affect astigmatism, patients with this trouble may still call for glasses.


Coupon code valid only on purchases made before 3am ET today. Quantities are limited. Coupon code valid on in-stock items only and cannot be applied to prior purchases. Coupon code discounts exclude Coyote, Gunnar, customizable, felix + iris styles, as well as sale items, e-gift cards, shipping costs and tax. Coupon code may not be combined with any other coupon codes, vouchers, discounts, or offers except reduced shipping costs with minimum purchase requirement.
Kiss your headaches and eye fatigue goodbye with a pair of anti-glare blue light glasses. In a variety of styles, these glasses for computer or other digital device use can help you work more comfortably at home or the office.
Designed to help reduce eye strain from glare and blue light exposure over an extended period of time like a work day.
Anti-glare coating reduces the impact of screen brightness so you can rid yourself of headaches and eye discomfort caused by glare!
Shop all of our blue light glasses to help protect your eyes from blue light emitted from digital screen use.
*Lenses do not block all blue light. Lenses help reduce the amount of potentially harmful blue light transmitted through the lens and varies between lens types. Harmful blue light refers to the 415-455 nanometer range of the visible light spectrum.


Woodlands Eye Associates
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|The product knowledge and expertise of our long-term opticians is priceless. Experienced opticians can assist you in your selection by discussing the pros, cons and performance of the products based on your specific need. Our state-of-the-art, on-site optical lab produces fast, accurate, one-day services on most eyeglasses. Custom tinting, ultraviolet protection, scratch resistant coatings and more are available. Both of our offices have easy access, large showrooms, and prompt service. Convenience, tremendous choice and a price you can love. More|
|AIR OPTIX® COLORS contact lenses are the newest addition to the AIR OPTIX® family of breathable* contact lenses that lets you focus on your life, not your contact lenses. They provide stunning eye color and outstanding comfort. And their monthly replacement schedule is easy to remember. Don't forget we have Rebates and Ordering online. More|


Prior to we really study LED headlight light bulbs, we reached discuss front lights housings. Let’s start with a reflector.
What is a reflector headlight? Take the reflector front lights from a Dodge Ram as an instance. Due to the fact that the RAM includes three various headlight options consisting of a projector and a reflector.
So, it’s an excellent option to reveal individuals the distinction. A reflector is engineered to aim the light from the light bulb inside the housing in a various direction for every flat item of chrome plastic on the inside. The mix of all these different slats and the placement of the light bulb inside the housing is what develops your beam pattern. Some reflector led lights for car headlights are crafted far better than others.
- For instance, 2000 4, 5 & 6 Dodge Ram that used a nine thousand seven light bulb is terrible! no matter if you place a halogen bulb, HID, LED, the only point that works in that situation is a projector retrofit.
The Dodge Ram, the Toyota Expanse and also some Ford cars have a wonderful light beam patterns right out of the box. So, getting the right LED headlight bulb in some different reflector real estates can create a spectacular beam pattern that works as well as doesn’t blind other drivers.
The means of the reflector front lights works is on the back side you have an opening as well as that opening is for a halogen light bulb. The halogen light bulb has a couple pins coming off the connector on the back side which are positive and unfavorable, and they go via into the glass section of the light bulb where there’s a wire injury filament. When your front lights circuit is turned on the filament shines to incandescent, offering it the name an incandescent light bulb.
For the Dodge Ram, you can likewise obtain this projector front lights. It looks similar but because it doesn’t rely on every surface inside the front lights housing to be a reflective surface, often they repaint in black for style. The projector is characterized by this big glass circle, what it does is it refracts as well as concentrates the light from you right light bulb they utilize the very same kind of light bulb.
Sometimes, you can obtain a halogen incandescent light bulb projector much like the bulb from the various other headlight or often CONCEALED or LED. I have actually obtained a headlight, yet it’s already taken apart, what you wind up with inside the front lights housing is sometimes it separate reflector for high beam and afterwards your projector for the reduced beam of light. On the rear end of the housing, your bulbs place much like they would certainly on a normal front lights, but the projector has this huge bowl on the back side. In a reflector, the bulb sticks inside the bowl below; on the projector, the dish is on the rear end as well as all the light bounces off the smooth surface inside the projector bowl and obtains concentrated beyond this projector.
One LED headlight light bulb that functions in a reflector might not function in a projector. If an LED headlight bulb functions well in a projector, like this one, possibilities are it’ll most likely function good in a reflector like the very first one I revealed you, but oftentimes that’s not the case work out means around. Some business even go so far as to make a projector particular LED headlight light bulb, often they work, in some cases they do not.


For over a year we have been working with a new lens from Ciba, the Night and Day lens. It is designed for one month of continuous wear. You can wear it from the first of the month and not take it out until the 30th. As much as we have never liked sleeping in contact lenses, this has turned out to be a fantastic new lens. The plastic is a unique blend of gas permeable plastic and soft lens. It has also been a fantastic lens for dryness, and other problems. Over half of our patients who wear the lens, do not sleep in it, but use it for taking care of other problems.
There is also a new bifocal soft lens that shows promise. There is a new bifocal soft lens that is doing very well. After all of our disappointments with all the other makes that we have tried, we now have one that works the majority of the time. It still is not perfect, but it is so much better than any lens we had previously tried, that we can now feel confident in offering a bifocal soft lens!
As mentioned before, we are working on a new lens for keratoconus. This lens is designed with a constantly changing back curve to better fit the keratoconic cornea for better comfort. But what is really unique is the compensating curve of the front the lens to allow for excellent vision.


Member Video Update: Understanding Recent UDI Regulations
Member Video Update: Rx Lenses Exempted from UDI Requirements
In the latest installment of The Vision Council's Member Video Update series, available on our LinkedIn page, we're joined by The Vision Council's senior technical director and Lens Division liaison, Michael Vitale, to discuss the recent regulatory victory exempting prescription lenses from the FDA's UDI requirements.
For details on the FDA exemption of prescription lenses from UDI requirements, visit thevisioncouncil.org/udi.
For UDI guidance specific to members in The Vision Council's Sunglass & Reader Division, Eyewear & Accessories Division, and Low Vision Division, or for more information on The Vision Council's other Federal legislation and regulation efforts, visit thevisioncouncil.org/federal.
The Vision Council's Member Update video series presents the latest news and announcements from across the organization and throughout the industry. Covering everything from new member benefits and opportunities to breaking news and market updates, be sure to follow The Vision Council's LinkedIn page so you don't miss a thing.
Questions on the video series? Contact Jessica Lutz, The Vision Council's marketing and communications manager.


Reminiscent of old filament bulbs but made with energy-saving LED. This clear bulb in a retro style spreads a warm white light and is perfect for lamps with a transparent or latticed shade.
Diameter: 35 mm
Luminous flux: 210 lm
Power: 1.7 W
Package quantity: 1 pack
Length : 11 cm
Width : 4 cm
Height : 4 cm
Gross Volume : 0.2 l
Special waste handling may be required. Please contact your local authorities for more information.
The light bulb can be used in temperatures from -20°C till +40°C.
The light from this LED bulb feels as strong as the light from a traditional 22W incandescent bulb.
Dimmable bulbs can be used both in dimmable and non-dimmable lamps.
Dimmable lamps require dimmable bulbs.
Remember to choose a bulb that fits in your lamp. Lamps usually have a large or small socket and our range has bulbs that fit in both types.
Safety and compliance
This product bears the CE mark.
The colour rendering index (CRI) of a light bulb defines how well the light reflects true colours. A value above 80 is good and close to a natural light.
LED light bulbs are both energy efficient and long-lasting, with a lifetime of approximately 15,000 hours – two benefits that allow you to save money on both bulb replacements and electricity.
LED light bulbs are available with different colour temperatures that make the light feel more or less warm. This particular light bulb emits a warm light (2,200 Kelvin).
Illuminates at full power immediately when you turn the lamp on.


How to Select the Ideal Fiber Optic Cable Firm in Austin
A group of people find it daunting to buy goods today. Due to increase of various contractors manufacturing common good then people experience challenges to choose the best one. Fiber optic contractors are uncountable in the industry. Here you are required to be meticulous to ensure you choose the firm selling the best fiber optic cables. It’s not easy to select the best fiber optic firm. If you are on the list of the persons who experience difficult time when choosing the ideal fiber optic firm then you must know that there are aspects that can help you with the process. Discussed on this article are few factors that can help you effectively when hiring a fiber optic firm.
Start by looking at the cost of the fiber optic cables. Different fiber optic contractors sell them at different prices. Ensure you don’t use extra cash on this cables. Negotiating is allowed. Set some free time aside to go to multiple companies and find about the worth of these cables. At the end of the day you cannot luck at least one firm with a reasonable price.
The durability of the fiber optic is another aspect to pay attention to. There are firms producing fake products. If you talk to people you will find that they don’t want to go to the market with the same purpose. Choose a company that makes permanent firm. However, you cannot look at the available fiber optics in the market and tell if they are durable. Only by finding more about the characteristics that define a permanent fiber optic you can not tell of the fake or durable one. The Internet can be of great benefit here. Therefore, once you get to the store start by identifying the durable fiber optic. Durable fiber optic cables can serve you for an extended duration.
The repute of the fiber optic firm must be deliberated. Work with a famous firm consider their repute. Start by inquiring if the fiber optic contractor is well-rated. The contractor selling the ideal fiber optic contractor is well rated. Therefore, be certain that if you want to purchase the best cable there is then you must choose a well-rated contractor. Only the past clients in the firm can give you more information regarding the status of the firm. Facebook and other online pages can as well give you more details since you can read more about what clients have to say.
Ponder the dimensions of the fiber optic cable. The need should send you to the market. If you are certain with the way you want to use the cable be sure you cannot make a mistake in the market. Inform the firm of the magnitude of the cable they should prepare for you at that time.


LiDAR stands for Light detection and ranging. This is an advanced technique which is becoming popular at a very fast pace. The reason is, it is fast, accurate, light and required very less manpower. This finds wide applications including re-creating of existing 3D models, surveying and mapping. These instruments are much appreciated where the human accessibility to the site is difficult and sometimes risky to the field staff. This instrument captures the 3D data which are then processed to create models.
LiDAR has wide applications; these different types of applications require scanners with varying specifications based on the data's purpose, the size of the area to be captured, the range of measurement desired, the cost of equipment, and more.
There are two types of LiDAR capturing techniques, Airborne LiDAR and Terrestrial LiDAR.
Airborne LiDAR (also referred as airborne laser scanning) is a laser scanner, while attached to a plane during flight, creates a 3D point cloud model of the landscape. This is currently the most detailed and accurate method of creating digital elevation models, replacing photogrammetry.
Terrestrial applications of LiDAR (also referred as terrestrial laser scanning) happen on the Earth's surface and can be both stationary and mobile. Stationary terrestrial scanning is most common as a survey method, for example, in conventional topography, monitoring, field progressive activities the 3D point clouds acquired from these types of scanners can be matched with digital images taken of the scanned area from the scanner's location to create realistic looking 3D models in a relatively short time when compared to other technologies.
We offer rental services of these instruments along with processing and presentation in the required format as required by you.


In thin film technology, thickness measurements are a fundamental property of the form and function of the deposited film. Manufacturers must be able to measure and control the thin film thickness for use in a variety of specific capacities.
Techniques to apply thin films to a substrate surface within a particular thickness range include physical vapour deposition (PVD coating), such as e-beam evaporation, and chemical vapour deposition (CVD coating), such as plasma-enhanced deposition. Each offers different levels of control and surface morphology for the film material.
The Importance of Thin Film Thickness
The properties of a material’s performance are closely linked to the film thickness measurements. The thickness of the material application can affect its thermal, electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. The type of thin film deposition system impacts the final material thickness measurements, so it’s important to select the right deposition system for the application.
Impacts on Performance and Functionality
So how do thin film thickness measurements affect the performance of thin films? The thickness of thin films is one aspect of many that impart properties to the material.
Optical coatings, superlattice structures for quantum phenomena, tribological coatings, and other bulk substrate coatings target different thicknesses and structural properties during thin film deposition. The thin film properties of each can vary with the thickness compared to the application method of monolayer, nanoscale, multilayer, and superlattice deposition.
By applying thin films in individual layers, you can affect the properties of your materials. This can include hard coatings, anti-reflective coatings, conductive coatings, and coatings to reduce friction and corrosion.
How Do You Determine the Thickness of a Thin Film?
When most film coatings are only up to a few nanometers thick, how is thin film thickness measured? Various techniques exist to measure a thin layer of material film over a bulk form, including X-ray reflectivity, stylus profilometry, interferometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and other techniques. Some of these techniques are destructive, while others are non-destructive.
When considering your method selection, non-destructive techniques and tools include:
- Ellipsometry for a wide variety of materials on a smooth material that will reflect light to measure the refractive index (RI) and extinction coefficient, often used for semiconductor devices and electronics
- Reflectometry for single or multilayer thin films that will reflect light in a spectrum to determine thickness and RI
- X-ray reflectivity (XRR) for multilayered thin films to measure thicknesses of up to 100 nm
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to measure semiconducting films with a thickness range between 100 nm to 100 μm
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to measure either conducting or semiconducting thin films in single or multilayer coatings and thickness measurements up to 100 nm
Other techniques require masking on the surface of the bulk material or using cutting tools to remove portions of the film and bulk materials so that you can measure the thickness of the coating.
Two common destructive measurement techniques are stylus profilometry and interferometry.
In both methods, you must have a uniform film application to ensure accuracy in measuring film thickness. Additionally, interferometry requires the surface to be highly reflective to accurately measure the interference fringes.
Techniques for Controlling Thin Film Thickness in Deposition Processes
Whether applying decorative coatings or more advanced materials for optical instruments, integrated circuits, or thin film batteries, several application techniques are available to manage the application thickness for thin films.
Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods include low pressure deposition, plasma-enhanced deposition, and atomic layer deposition. Physical vapour deposition (PVD) methods include thermal evaporation deposition and sputtering deposition.
Before applying thin films using either chemical deposition or physical deposition, you can test your settings using a quartz crystal. Coating and monitoring the crystalline structure of a piece of quartz oscillator crystal can allow you to take specific measurements for evaporation deposition processes.
Using chemical deposition, you can avoid differences in thickness that can come from spin coating or some physical deposition methods.
In-Situ Deposition Controls
When it comes time for the deposition method selection of a thin film on a material, you must consider factors like surface roughness and elemental composition of the film and the substrate to decide how to control thin film thickness.
Whether you want to use pulsed laser deposition for a growth mode at the atomic level or a vacuum thermal evaporation technique, different in-situ deposition control tools are available.
Plasma emissions monitoring uses plasmonic devices in magnetron sputtering deposition to measure the deposition of oxide and nitride films on pure metal substrates.
An optical monitoring system (OMS) is a process that allows real-time monitoring of each layer’s thickness when applying multilayer thin films. It can monitor a substrate directly or use a reflection or light transmission through a witness chip to monitor the surface diffusion indirectly.
You may need to test samples of coated parts to ensure accurate thin film thickness during application. How thick are thin films? For example, molecular beam epitaxy should leave an ultra-thin film that is only one molecule thick for each layer. If you made three layers, then depending on the original surface roughness of the substrate, the thin films applied should be approximately three molecules thick.
Post-deposition controls use surface science to determine if the elemental composition of the thin film reached the appropriate thickness and didn’t exceed the required parameters for your coating job.
What’s Best for You?
Korvus Technology uses the most advanced thin film deposition systems. Based in the UK, we make the HEX Series thin film system that utilizes fission magnetron sputtering, ORCA low-temperature evaporation, TAU electron-beam evaporation, and TES thermal boat evaporation.
Contact us today to learn more about the HEX Series thin film system and how to select the right deposition method to control thin film thickness for your upcoming projects.
 Kumar, Sushil & Aswal, D.. (2020). Thin Film and Significance of Its Thickness. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-6116-0_1.
 A. Piegari & E. Masetti. (1985). Thin Film Thickness Measurement: A Comparison of Various Techniques. Thin Solid Films. 3-4:124. 249-257. doi: 10.1016/0040-6090(85)90273-1.


Microscopy is the bedrock of many materials investigations. To offer quick turnaround microscopy services, REXP2 Research LLC maintains in-house optical microscopy capabilities and, working with outside laboratories, can specify, manage, and analyze Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), micro-Raman, and surface topography investigations. The table at the end of this page lists all in-house imaging capabilities. All in-house instruments have cameras for capturing color images and video. We use ImageJ and Adobe Photoshop as well as custom Python code for image analysis. Below is an example of how using multiple optical imaging modes can quickly reveal the condition of a surface and causes of damage or lack of performance.
In many cases, optical microscopy can reveal surface details of significance on a part without having to resort to more costly SEM. We use multiple imaging modes to extract the most information from your specimen. Our in-house Differential Image Contrast (DIC) or Nomarski microscopy capability provides three dimensional contrast to flat specimens, capturing height and depth information. When coupled with bright field and dark field imaging, this provides a more complete analysis of the surface. The example shown in the micrographs above is an electrical contact The bright field image shows wear and corrosion, but does not really provide much information on the extent of wear resulting from repeated sliding insertion and removals. Bright field, the most common optical imaging mode, provides little out of focus-plane information. The dark field image combined with critical focusing on the Nomarski image establishes that the corrosion is in-fact on top of the contact substrate. The Nomarski contrast image then reveals the surface topography of the wear grooves, showing much more extensive damage than anticipated by the simple bright field image. Thus, corrosion appears to be a continuous process and sliding wear is an intermittent process. This specimen was not birefringent. However, if this specimen or its corrosion products showed birefringence, e.g., an alpha-titanium or graphitic substrate, polarized light microscopy (PLM), a capability of our company, would have provided a fourth imaging dimension for analyzing this problem.
In some alloys, microstructures are revealed with Nomarski contrast or polarized light on polished sections without etching. This is particularly the case when both hard and soft phases are present.
Relevant blog postings
In-house microscopy capability matrix
|Technique||Transmission (Diascopic)||Reflection (Episcopic)||Applications|
|Bright field||✓||✓||Metallography, thin sections|
|Dark field||✓||✓||Metallography, thin sections|
|Differential image contrast (DIC, Nomarski)||✓||Surface relief, wear scars, corrosion, failure analysis|
|Polarized Light||✓||✓||Metallography, graphite, crystal orientation, texture|
|Phase contrast||✓||Liquids with particles or microorganisms|
|Stereo||✓||✓||Failure analysis, wear, corrosion|


Monocular metallographic microscopes are widely used in schools, laboratories of industrial and mining enterprises to identify and analyze the structure of various metals and alloys, and to conduct general metallographic research on heat-treated materials. The microscope image is clear, the field of vision is wide, and the overall design conforms to human-machine functions, suitable for long-term operation.
Conventional metallographic microscope, because it is inverted, is suitable for irregular or large specimens, used to identify and analyze the structure of various metals and alloy materials; the quality of castings; the inspection of raw materials or after material processing Analysis of metallographic structures; and research on surface phenomena such as surface spraying and cracks. Widely used in factories, laboratories and teaching and research fields. Technical Parameters:
1. Structure: Monocular Inverted 3 Objective Converter
2. Total magnification: 100 ×-1250 ×
3. Dividing eyepiece: 10 × flat field zoom, 0.1 mm grid value
4.Double-layer mechanical stage 160 × 140 mm Movement range 70 × 50 mm Cursor grid value 0.1 mm
5. Focusing mechanism: Coaxial coarse and fine movement lifting range 30 mm Fine adjustment grid value 0.002 mm
6. Lighting system: halogen lamp 20W / 6V brightness adjustable


For as long as we can remember, Volvo has been obsessed with automotive safety. This is, after all, the company that helped to popularize retractable three-point seat belts.
It’s also the company that conducts some of the most extreme crash tests in the industry. Now, Volvo Cars have announced an investment in Spectralics, an optical and imaging technology startup. This move comes via the company’s venture capital investment arm known as the Volvo Cars Tech Fund. Volvo’s investment will give the Swedish automaker access to groundbreaking technologies that could transform the in-car experience.
One of these technologies could enable the largest head-up display seen in the industry so far.
Israeli-based Spectralics has a background in aerospace technology development, so it’s perhaps not a great surprise that the company has come up with a multi-layered thin combiner (MLTC) solution with a thin optics ‘film’ that can see through surfaces of various sizes and shapes.
The tech could be used to overlay images across a vehicle’s entire windshield. This would dramatically widen the driver’s field of view and virtual objects can be superimposed onto the actual environment perceived by the driver.
Considering that current head-up displays are around 10 inches in size, this could be a huge step forward.
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2 Considerations You Do Not Understand When It Comes To LASIK Eye Surgical TreatmentThe eye can be taken a look at with relative ease as to both its function and its structure. A practical assessment includes the capability to move in the orbit and the reaction of the pupil to light and accommodation.
The function of the eye may be checked in several methods. The client might be asked to identify illuminated letter or items of differing sizes on exactly what is referred to as the Snellen chart.
On the other hand, the assessment of the structural part of the eye might be made in several ways. Stress within the eyeball is measured by a "tonometer." In specific illness, particularly in glaucoma, the tension in the eyeball is increased noticeably.
Nevertheless, it should be well kept in mind that a patient with an eye issue might have other problems too. Typically other physical conditions are primary and impact the eye as a effect. The appearance of the eye can inform the physician and the patient to problems in some disturbances of other parts of the body even prior to other signs provide themselves.
One's dependence on sight is emphasized when one deals with a short-lived or possible permanent loss of this essential sense. When corrective procedures are sought, particular forms of vision correction such as contact lenses or eyeglasses are recommended.
On the other hand, some people are troubled with that they have some framed lenses or contact lenses in front of their eyes.
For this factor, advanced surgical operations were developed to motivate decreased usage of contact lenses or glasses. One of which is the now popular LASIK eye surgical treatment.
Essentially, LASIK eye surgical treatment is the short-term for "Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis." Like its tangible counterpart, LASIK eye surgery is another kind of vision correction. The only distinction is that with this kind of surgery, one's vision is corrected permanently.
With page LASIK eye surgery, the refractive errors in the cornea are completely transformed. This can be done utilizing an "excimer laser."
The primary function of this surgical treatment is to create a threadlike, rounded "flap" in the cornea using a blade understood as "microkeratome." In a series of unfolding and laser processing, the cornea is lastly reformed, permitting much better the eye to direct more light into the retina.
Popularity vs. Disadvantages
In the middle of the growing popularity of LASIK eye surgery, there are still disadvantages that individuals should know. Most likely, the main reason this type of eye surgical treatment has ended up being well accepted is due to the fact that the majority of its cases had actually been effective.
In spite of its success, there are still some disadvantages. Here is the list:
1. It is an operation applied to the most delicate part of the eye
Due to the fact that LASIK eye surgical treatment involves the operation of the retina, which is among the most delicate parts of the eye, the majority of people state that the operation index can be very risky.
To puts it simply, a easy mistake might nearly cause an individual's lifetime loss of sight. It is essential to consider numerous aspects prior to deciding whether LASIK eye surgery is the right corrective measure one has to undergo.
2. It is not a best treatment
LASIK eye surgery may fix your vision however visit site it does not necessarily imply that it can provide you a perfect vision. Even if statistical reports reveal that 70% of the patients might have 20/20 vision, this does not always indicate they have ideal vision.
Offered all these things, it can be deduced that, in spite of the appeal of the operation, LASIK might not always be the perfect eye surgery the method the majority of people view it
Conversely, the assessment of the structural part of the eye may be made in several ways. It should be well kept in mind that a patient with an eye issue may have other issues. Often other physical conditions are primary and impact the eye as a effect. The look of the eye can signal the doctor and the patient to difficulties in some disruptions of other parts of the body even before other signs present themselves.
Like its tangible counterpart, LASIK eye surgery is another type of vision correction.


B-SENS is a spin-off company from the University of Mons in Belgium founded in 2016.
It capitalizes more than 20 years of intensive research and development activities at the forefront.
B-SENS develops OEM temperature and strain sensors based on optical fiber gratings. These full sensing solutions encompass cascaded Bragg gratings in telecommunication-grade optical fiber,
their specific packaging for the target application, multi-channel spectrometer-based interrogator(s) and turnkey read-out software providing real-time data analysis and communication.
B-SENS sensing solutions are the ultimate choice for the reliable monitoring of numerous assets including furnaces, machines, buildings, aircrafts, wind turbines, among many more applications. Our team of experts looks forward to discuss with you and meet your requirements.
Railway traffic monitoring
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How to calibrate the TVOC sensor in your Laser Egg+ Chemical
To calibrate your Laser Egg+ Chemical's TVOC sensor, follow the steps below:
- Turn the device off then on.
- Take the device outside, where it'll have access to clean, fresh air. For the first five minutes after turning on, the Laser Egg+ Chemical will display the message: 'TVOC sensor warming up.'
- After the sensor has warmed up, remain outside for a few more minutes so your Laser Egg+ Chemical can set a baseline TVOC value.
For devices that are always plugged in and turned on, you're device will not need to be manually calibrated again. If you do turn your device off, follow the above steps again to set a TVOC baseline value.


South Africa (Stellenbosch University) Alex Muthua wants to help improve facial recognition technology
Facial recognition technology is used in many different areas – from airports, retail stores, healthcare, law enforcement, and marketing to banks – to identify people through images and videos of their faces. However, a drawback of this technology is that it does not accurately recognize the faces of people with highly pigmented skin tones.
“One way to enhance the facial recognition of people with darker skin is to incorporate the portion of the infrared spectrum (the near-infrared part) that electronic sensors can perceive,” says Alex Muthua, who received his Master’s degree in Electronic and Electrical Engineering on Wednesday (7 December 2022) at Stellenbosch University’s December graduation.
As part of his study, Muthua explored how infrared light could help to improve the facial recognition of people with a highly pigmented skin tone.
“Individuals with highly pigmented skin appear darker in visible light images, which means that there is less light information available in the image on which to perform facial recognition. By adding infrared, one can increase the dynamic range of the intensity values, which in turn aids the face recognition system.”
According to Muthu, most digital cameras have a filter that blocks out the infrared light needed for this facial recognition. Using a camera with the filter already removed, Muthua took 9 000 images of 500 individuals with highly pigmented skin in different light spectra – visible, near-infrared, and a combination of the two (full-spectrum).
This way, he could augment existing datasets with images of highly pigmented individuals. Muthu points out that there is typically a bias in these datasets, with more photos of light skin pigmentation represented than darker skin pigmentation. These datasets also don’t contain infrared images.
He also assessed the impact of narrow and wide cropping, different facial orientations, and sunlight and shaded conditions.
“We found that using infrared light, the faces of people with a highly pigmented skin tone could be recognised with greater accuracy than using only visible light,” says Muthu.
He also fine-tuned an existing face recognition algorithm. He inspected the activation maps of an available convolutional neural network, a machine-learning architecture used primarily for image processing. This was done to determine the essential features of facial recognition for people with highly pigmented skin.
“We found that the nose area appears to be the most important feature for facial recognition compared to the chin and forehead.”
Muthu says as face recognition technology continues to grow, its performance must be improved because any bias or disparity may be detrimental to its advancement and potential use.


An in-house research and development and design department combined with its unmatched technical knowledge allow Ideal Lighting Systems (ILS) to continuously define new trends in lighting. The company’s end-to-end approach; from idea to implementation and service, its wide network of partners and flexibility give ILS the unparalleled opportunity to realize virtually any lighting vision.
ILS has been rising to become the largest manufacturer of industrial luminaires in India. In order to implement the right lighting solutions for our clients, our team of experts relies on a number of proprietary tools and approaches. ILS is a proven innovator in the fields of design, technology and environmental responsibility. The latest LED technology based on our own R&D.These tools; based on our extensive experience, high-quality products and the most modern technologies empower ILS to deliver lighting solutions for all types Industrial lighting applications.
ILS is manufacturer of High Quality LED lights which saves Energy through its innovative technology. ILS has been excelling in the field of lighting solutions and since then, we have gained confidence and acceptance from well known industries, Architects and Electrical Consultants. We are specialised in high power LED Lighting & Lighting Design, through our independent innovation. We assuring high efficient & reliable LED lighting solution to the nation.
We shall be amongst premier Energy saving companies by:
▢ Leveraging Science to deliver new and innovative offerings.
▢ Enhancing values to our customers.
▢ Developing the new innovative thermal management in lighting systems.
▢ Making long term relationship with customers through providing best pre-post selling services.
Save Planet through energy saving concept by providing energy efficient lighting products to customers with cost saving and without compromising illumination quality.
Integrity, Excellence, Customer Satisfaction, Innovation


One of the world's leading manufacturers of architectural fixtures and fittings has launched its foray into the LED market.
Klik Systems, a name long synonymous with the international lighting market, has released an "ingenious" snap in LED designed for handrails of any size, focusing light downwards on stairs and paths.
The LEDPOD features an asymmetrical optical system, designed using Photopia software, totally eliminating glare. It also has a specially manufactured heat sink that prevents the product from getting above 35 degrees.
Paul Roos, Klik's company design manager, said: "It was important to me to have the luminaire located out of view under the handrail, effectively lighting the stairs/walkway with good vertical illumination."
He added that, because of its hidden design, there is little chance of the cabling becoming twisted, resulting in low-risk of damage.
It is the latest in a number of new LED products hitting the market, after both Cree and Philips announced the release of new bulbs.


Flood lights are broad beamed high intensity lights for outdoor areas which require artificial daylight like light, These outdoor light fixtures can withstand all extreme climatic conditions.
Flood lights are broad beamed high intensity lights for outdoor areas which require artificial daylight like light. These outdoor light fixtures can withstand all extreme climatic conditions.
Structure of flood light
A flood light body has an aluminium housing, it houses the light bulb and heat sink.
The outer body is of high quality polycarbonate material which has fins to dissipate heat.
The outer body has several bracket designs to mount the flood light and protective covering features, which makes the light fixture more resistant.
The glass covering allows diffused, glare-free light at both wide and narrow beams.
- large construction sites,
- highlighting monuments,
- outside residential and commercial buildings for security and lighting reasons
- Street lights
Flood lights come in different shapes and sizes to suit the needs of the area.
Keeping in mind the area, a photometric study is essential to calculate the number of fixtures required and their placement to avoid dark spots. For smaller spaces, like parking lots or outside homes, one or four fixtures placed adjacently are enough for adequate lighting.
When deciding on the fixtures, the lumens must be calculated per fixture. It can be decided according to lumen output per fixture with respect to total requirement according to photometric study.
LED lights are preferable in all scenarios as they are brighter, efficient and cheaper than compared to their counterparts. Finding a good balance of even lighting and costs is the goal.
Spacing between the fixtures is necessary to set up an evidently efficient lighting theme according to the place they are used at. The height at which the flood light is mounted on must be four times the size of the area that needs lighting.
Spacing between each pole must be double the size of the height of the fixture.
The light setup in a field or stadium must be in a way that there are no shadows or dark spots in the field. Crossover light comes from different fixtures. This is achieved by setting up the beam angle according to the height of the fixture with accurate spacing.
The beam angle is at least T rd of the distance that needs light.
Why are LED flood lights preferable?
LEDs flood lights are wide angle lights available in various designs. They are the best replacement for HID lamps, which are a go-to- choice for flood lights.
A 150 watts LED lamp is an adequate and much cheaper replacement for a 400 watts HID lamp. LED lamps feature many customisations, such as correlated colour temperature and high colour rendering index, so one can choose warm or cool light in different colours according to the purpose.
Flood lights are usually a long-term investment, LED flood lights have a longer life span as compared to other lamps. They require less maintenance and barely ever cause any problems during their warranty period.
When choosing lights for yards, garages, parking lots or any outdoor spaces the first concern is pleasant light with longer life span, these lights are the safest most economic answer to this concern.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
I’m a lighting distributor, working since 5 years in this industry. I have a vast experience of lighting products, their installation and selection as per place requirement. I write articles on lighting to help people.


- Place of Origin: Shanghai, China (Mainland)
- Brand Name: key light
- Model Number: KLC-0060
- mirror lense: 2.0mm acrylic or 0.7mm PC
- mirror back: injected PP
- installing: zinc plated bracket for stell post installing
- MOQ: 10PCS
- Package: carton package
- sample: we provide free sample at customer's delivering freight
- factory or trading: we are factory for more than 15 years
- payment: T/T,30% deposit at order,70% balance at sight of shipping documents
- product name: PC/acrylic outdoor plastic convex mirror for traffic safety
- delivery date: within 15 days
Packaging & Delivery
|Packaging Details:||carton package|
|Delivery Detail:||within 15days|
PC/acrylic outdoor plastic convex mirror for traffic safety, KLC-0060
for the mirror lense,we have 2 different materials-PC(short for polycarbonate)or acrylic.
PC is soft,when finger touch it,it will be depressed,and it will recover when finger leaving.the advantage is will not broke easily in transpertation,disadvantage is easy to scrach when cleaning.
Acrylic is hard,and with more clear image compared with PC mirror lense,more shinning so looks more higher standard.
Different region choose different materials,some times is not beacaure of the material feature,just because of Consumer habits. For example,Turkey,USA,South American conttieslike Acrylic mirror more,while European countries,Australia,and most Asian countries like PC mirror most.
And the mirror is used outdoor,installed on steel post,the installing bracket is as following:
B-a is for convex mirror 30cm,45cm,60cm,A-a is for convex mirro 80cm,100cm,and we use O-a for 120cm convex mirror,which is more strong than A-a.
Mirror back material
acrylic mirror face thickness(mm)
PC mirror face thickness(mm)
outdoor convex mirror
1. KEYLIGHT is high-grade brand,suit for market with higher requirements of products,while PK suit for market that is sensitive of price.
2. Above PC thickness is for our common products manufacturing,we can use thicker PC if customer is in need.
3. The installing bracket of the mirror are used for pole intalling.we can add wall intalling extea part if customer is in need.
4. We can provide bracket for Φ2.5" pole installing.


Convenient & Stylish Safety Glasses👌
“This protects my eyes from the dust and dirt in my eyes while mowing - as well as preventing any sunlight from reaching around the edge of the sunglasses, reducing the risk of an ocular migraine on extremely sunny days” - Peter Hans
How Convenient Is This? 😎
✅Safe: Foam gasket provides additional cushioning while limiting eye exposure to nuisance dust and other particles.
✅Convenient: Extended eye protection and unhindered seeing are provided by the wrap-around design.
✅Versatile: This protective eyewear is suitable for humid conditions because it has an anti-fog lens coating and a removable foam-lined gasket with ventilation vents.
📝Frequently Asked Questions:
Q: Are these ANSI rated?
A: Yes, this meets ANSI Z87.1 impact requirements.
Q: Does one size fits all?
A: Yes, the size of the glasses fits all genders.
Q: Is the safety glasses unisex?
A: Yes, it's unisex.
GET YOURS NOW!


Black, Blue, Red
The “Optical Alignment Tool” makes setting scopes easy, for error-free parallax and for perfectly adjusted cheek pieces making your setup the best it can possibly be.
Simply place the “Optical Alignment Tool” cap over the rear scope lens and centrally align the reticle crosshair from within the scope with the crosshair slot on the “Optical Alignment Tool” cap.
If you can’t see your scope’s reticle through the “Optical Alignment Tool” then perfect alignment has not been achieved and this means your head position is not perfectly central behind the scope and will lead to parallax errors, a simple adjustment to your cheekpiece will achieve a perfect central alignment of both scope reticle and “Optical Alignment Tool”. The crosshair gaps on the Optical Alignment Tool are set to 0.75mm wide with a 3mm center.
“Optical Alignment Tool” is made from Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and fits most makes of the scopes’ rear lenses, measuring 41.5mm in diameter, Please contact us if a different size is required.