Phys 4910 - Spectroscopy
The monochromator in our laboratory is a SpectraPro
750i 75 cm Czerny Turner monochomator from Roper
Scientific (now part of Princeton
The following are some of the specifications
are taken from the Roper Scientific web site. (Note: they are specific
to an installed 1200g/mm grating). The indented notes are the implication
of these specifications to our laboratory.
Focal length: 750 mm, Aperture Ratio: f/9.7
Focal length refers to the mirrors which form part of the Czerny Turner
Aperture ratio is a measure of the light collecting ability. The larger
the diameter of the mirrors the more light is collected by them, and the
the f number. With an f number of 9.7 the diameter of the mirrors is 750
mm / 9.7 = 77 mm
Optical Design: Imaging Czerny-Turner with original polished aspheric mirrors
Optical Paths: 90° standard, 180° and multi-port optional
The SpectraPro-750 can be equipped with up to four ports (2 entrance/2
exit) for maximum versatility. Multi-port configurations permit using the
SpectraPro-750 with multiple detectors. Our monochromator is equipped with
one entrance port and two exit ports
In the straightforward configuration the exit port is equipped with a diode
In the sideways configuration the exit port is equipped with an exit slit
and a photomultiplier.
Exit port selection is computer controlled for automated selection of detector.
Operating Range: 185 nm to the far infrared with available gratings and
A wavelength of 185 nm is well into the ultraviolet part of the spectrum.
It is the minimum wavelength that will pass through dry air without being
absorbed. Monochromators operating below this wavelength need to be evacuated
(and hence the region is known as the vacuum ultra violet (VUV)) or filled
with a non absorbing gas such a helium. With helium operation is possible
down to 50.4 nm, the wavelength of the 1s-2p resonance transition in helium.
Between 185 nm and about 300 nm although the radiation will pass through
air it will not pass though glass. This is not a problem for the monochromator,
but it a problem for the detectors. Below 300 nm detectors have to be fitted
with quartz windows which will let short wavelength radiation through.
Our detectors have glass windows, and so are limited to operation above
about 300 nm.
Resolution: 0.023nm at 435.8nm, 10µm slits,
Dispersion is a measure of how well the light is split into its different
wavelengths. It is quoted as the difference in wavelength corresponding
to a physical separation of 1 mm in the spectrum. A small number is better,
since for maximum resolution you would like the exit slit of the monochromator
to let through light of wavelength, but to block light of a slightly different
Using the 1800 l/mm grating; 0.75 nm/mm (nominal)
Using the 600 l/mm grating; 2.2 nm/mm (nominal)
Repeatability: ±0.05nm, Drive Step Size: 0.0025nm (nom.)
Detector Coverage: ~28nm across a 1.0” wide focal plane (~56nm: 600g/mm
Using the diode array, this the width (in nanometers) of the portion of
the spectrum which viewed at one time. Wider spectra are obtained by recording
multiple portions and the 'gluing' them together using the software.
When using the 1800 l/mm grating (see below) the detector coverage should
be ~ 19 nm.
The diode array width is 1024 pixels. The maximum possible resolving power
is therefore 19 nm / 1024 = 0.019 nm.
This specification has no relevance when using the photomultiplier.
Standard Slits: Micrometer adjustable from 10µm to 3mm wide. Slit
heights: 4 or 14mm
Grating Mount: Triple Indexable grating turret for 1, 2, or 3 gratings.
We have two different gratings installed
600 lines/mm, blazed
for 500 nm
1800 lines/mm, blazed
for 500 nm
For all experiments we shall us the 1800 l/mm grating, since it gives the
higher resolution. The other grating is normally only used for applications
in which a wider portion of the spectrum is to be viewed at one time, but
with lower resolution.
Scan Linearity: The SpectraPro-750i scans linear with respect to wavelength


FASTLIGN is the first ever touchless drive through alignment checking system, tried and true in dealerships since 2014. FASTLIGN is an autonomous system that checks vehicle alignment status in virtually no time, without touching the wheels or vehicle, measuring all four tires with laser-based technology and rock solid accuracy. This precise measurement occurs in 3 seconds as a customer drives into your service area. 4 tires, 3 seconds, it's that simple. Our advanced laser and optical technology maps a high-resolution profile of a vehicle’s wheels as they roll past two towers, analyzing each individual tire’s direction of travel and relationship to the other.
High definition cameras capture images of the vehicle and license plate as the vehicle drives through the scan towers. FASTLIGN automatically identifies the license plate, VIN, Year/Make/Model of the vehicle and compares the scan results against OEM specifications. Resulting in an instant alignment assement report to share with your customer.


Canon EOS 77D will sit between the company’s established Rebel line of entry-level DSLRs and also the additional enthusiast-oriented 80D. (The 77D is actually the replacement to the Rebel T6s/EOS 760D.) however despite sitting below the 80D within the lineup, it shares that more advanced model’s 24.2MP sensor with Dual Pixel autofocus and adds an updated Digic 7 processor to the mix. Users opting to focus using the optical viewfinder will be take with a 45-point all-cross-type AF system and 7650-pixel RGB+IR metering system, which work together for better accuracy and subject recognition.
It also packed with an ISO range of 100-25600, continuous 6 fps burst shooting with autofocus (4.5 fps when using Live View), 1080/60p video capture and wireless connectivity featuring NFC and Bluetooth LE.
Users choose for the 77D over the T7i will gain built-in interval and bulb timers, greater custom controls including an AF-On button, a top LCD panel and an eye sensor to shut off the rear LCD when the camera is ribbed for shooting.
The Canon EOS 77D is scheduled to be available in April 2017 for $899.99 body only, $1049.00 with the new EF-S 18-55mm F4-5.6 IS memory lens and $1,499.00 with the 18-135mm F3.5-5.6 IS USM lens.
Focused on Innovation
The EOS Rebel T7i and EOS 77D both feature an optical viewfinder with a 45-point All Cross-type AF system to help enable more precise focusing. In live view mode, both cameras utilize Canon’s Dual Pixel CMOS AF to deliver the world’s fastest AF focusing speed of 0.03 seconds.1 This technical achievement allows users to find their subject, focus accurately, and capture the shot more quickly than ever before. Both models also have built-in Wi-Fi®2, NFC3 and Bluetooth®4 technology for easy exchange of images.
In addition to the focusing enhancements, common features of the EOS Rebel T7i and EOS 77D cameras include:
- Optical Viewfinder with a 45-point All Cross-type AF System
- Fast and accurate Dual Pixel CMOS AF with Phase-detection
- 24.2 Megapixel CMOS (APS-C) Sensor
- DIGIC 7 Image Processor, ISO 100–25600
- Built-in Wi-Fi®2, NFC3 and Bluetooth®4 technology
- Vari-angle bit Screen, 3.0-inch LCD
- movie Electronic IS
- HDR movie & Time-Lapse movie
- High-speed Continuous Shooting at up to six.0 frames per second (fps)
The Canon eos 77D is scheduled to be out there in Gregorian calendar month 2017 for Associate in Nursing calculable retail worth $899.99** for the body only, $1,049.00** with the new EF-S 18-55mm f/4-5.6 IS memory lens and $1,499.00** with the EF-S 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS USM lens respectively. For additional data please visit, usa.canon.com/eos77d.
EF-S Lens and Remote accessory Utilizing Bluetooth® Technology
The new Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/4-5.6 IS memory lens is sort of 20 p.c smaller than the EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM lens, while not sacrificing image quality. options of the lens include:
Compact-size, commonplace camera lens with High Image Quality
Lead Screw-type memory
Image Stabilization at up to 45 Stops of Shake Correction
The Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/4-5.6 IS memory lens is scheduled to be out there in early Gregorian calendar month 2017 for Associate in Nursing calculable retail worth of $249.99**. For additional data please visit, usa.canon.com/efs1855stm.


Metrologia SpA has, among its staff, some of the best engineers in the country, able to address any reverse engineering issue; this activity is carried out with lasers as well as by optical or photogrammetric measurement.
Non-contact scanning and inspection
The 3D optical scanning systems used by Metrologia provide accurate scans together with high resolution and at high speed. These systems produce three-dimensional measurement and analysis data for industrial components such as sheet metal parts, moulds and equipment, turbine blades, prototypes, plastic injection moulds, cast and forged parts and many more. Instead of measuring individual points or measuring with a laser, 3D optical scanning precisely captures the entire geometry and the primitives of a part in a point cloud or a polygon mesh.
Non-contact instruments are used on a large scale in various industrial sectors and can measure objects of different sizes, with different surface finishes and complex shapes.
At the Metrologia headquarters, a new and exclusive Non-Contact Room has been set up, totally dedicated to 3D optical scanning and equipped with cutting-edge equipment, unique in the metrology sector..
Metrologia uses Atos GOM instrumentation with Blue Light technology.


Why Do Opaque Materials Become Warmer When Light Shines On Them?
Have you ever wondered why certain objects feel warmer when exposed to light? The phenomenon of opaque materials becoming warmer when light shines on them can be observed in various everyday scenarios. To better understand this intriguing process, let’s delve into the science behind it and explore some interesting facts along the way.
When light interacts with opaque materials, such as wood, metal, or plastic, it undergoes a fascinating transformation. Here’s why:
1. Absorption of Light Energy:
Opaque materials have the unique ability to absorb light energy. When light waves approach these materials, they encounter atoms or molecules that can absorb certain wavelengths. This absorption process converts the light energy into heat energy, resulting in an increase in temperature.
2. Conversion of Light Energy:
Opaque materials contain electrons in their atomic or molecular structures. When light shines on these objects, the photons in the light waves excite the electrons within the material. This excitation causes the electrons to move to higher energy levels, transforming the light energy into thermal energy.
3. Reflection and Absorption:
When light waves hit an opaque object, they can be reflected or absorbed. Some materials reflect a significant portion of the light, making them appear shiny or reflective. However, the light that is not reflected is absorbed by the material. This absorbed light energy is then converted into heat energy, leading to an increase in temperature.
4. Color and Heat Absorption:
The color of an opaque material plays a crucial role in its ability to absorb or reflect light. Darker colors, such as black, absorb more light energy compared to lighter colors. This is because darker colors contain pigments that can absorb a wider range of light wavelengths, resulting in a greater conversion of light energy into thermal energy.
5. Surface Area and Heat Generation:
The surface area of an opaque material also influences its ability to become warmer when light shines on it. A larger surface area allows for more light to be absorbed, increasing the amount of heat generated. Conversely, materials with smaller surface areas absorb less light and therefore generate less heat.
Now, let’s address some common questions related to this phenomenon:
1. Why do some objects become hotter than others when exposed to light?
The ability of an object to become hotter when exposed to light depends on its material composition, color, and surface area. Materials that absorb more light energy, such as dark-colored objects or those with larger surface areas, will become hotter.
2. Can transparent materials also become warmer in the presence of light?
Transparent materials, such as glass, allow light to pass through them without significant absorption. Therefore, they do not become warmer when exposed to light as the light waves pass through without converting into heat energy.
3. Is the temperature increase noticeable in everyday objects?
The temperature increase in everyday objects due to light exposure is usually minimal and may not be easily noticeable to the touch. However, sensitive instruments can detect even the slightest temperature changes.
4. Does the intensity of light affect the temperature increase?
Yes, the intensity of light does affect the temperature increase in opaque materials. Higher-intensity light sources provide more energy, resulting in a greater temperature rise.
5. Can all opaque materials absorb light in the same way?
No, different materials have varying abilities to absorb light energy. Factors such as material composition, color, and surface characteristics influence the absorption capacity of opaque materials.
6. Does the thickness of an object affect its temperature increase?
Yes, the thickness of an object can affect its temperature increase. Thicker objects have a greater volume to absorb light energy, leading to a higher temperature rise.
7. Is the temperature rise uniform throughout the object?
The temperature rise in an object due to light exposure may not be uniform. Factors such as the material’s thermal conductivity, shape, and exposure time can cause variations in temperature across the object’s surface.
8. Can the temperature increase be harmful?
In most cases, the temperature increase caused by light exposure is not harmful. However, in certain situations, such as prolonged exposure to intense light sources, it is essential to consider the potential adverse effects.
9. Does the temperature increase continue indefinitely?
No, the temperature increase does not continue indefinitely. Once the light source is removed, the object begins to cool down as it radiates the absorbed heat energy.
10. Can the temperature rise be used for practical purposes?
Yes, the phenomenon of opaque materials becoming warmer when light shines on them has applications in various fields. For example, solar panels absorb sunlight to generate electricity by converting the absorbed light energy into thermal energy.
11. Can the temperature increase be reversed?
Yes, the temperature increase can be reversed by removing the light source and allowing the object to cool down naturally.
12. Can the temperature increase lead to damage?
In some cases, excessive temperature increases can damage certain materials. For instance, prolonged exposure to intense light sources can cause discoloration, warping, or even melting of certain plastics.
13. Can different light sources produce different temperature increases?
Yes, different light sources can produce varying temperature increases depending on their intensity, wavelength, and energy output.
14. Does the angle of incidence affect the temperature increase?
The angle at which light strikes an object can influence the temperature increase. Generally, objects heated by light at an angle experience a less noticeable temperature rise compared to those directly facing the light source.
The science behind opaque materials becoming warmer when light shines on them is an intriguing phenomenon that showcases the intricate relationship between light energy and heat energy. Understanding this process allows us to appreciate the diverse ways in which light interacts with our surroundings and how it can impact the world around us.


Dr Cyres K . Mehta’s International eye centre combines the skill and expertise of an internationally famous surgeon with the best technology and lasers that money can buy. Everything you see here is simply the best in the world. Nothing but the best for your eyes is our mission statement.
Recent advances in the treatment of low vision
1. For patients of central visual loss for eg Dry macular degeneration, we can implant a special lens which has a small zone in the centre which acts as a magnifying glass
2. Implantable miniaturized telescope -This is a tiny device which we implant to magnify the central vision
3. Retinal implants for eg Argus II – These devices are in development and hold the promise of better vision for totally blind people in the future.
202 , Ramnimi Building, Mandlik Road, Cotton World Building, Next To Indigo Restaurant, Colaba, Mumbai- 400001, India


Exposing kt-scale water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) optical detectors to GeV-level neutrino beams provides a unique opportunity to make both a world-leading long-baseline high-energy neutrino oscillation measurement and numerous unprecedented low-energy physics measurements. For long-baseline neutrino oscillation measurements, WbLS detectors such as Theia, have comparable performance to water Cherenkov detectors, as both can use advanced Cherenkov ring reconstruction techniques. In addition for WbLS detectors, scintillation light further improves event discrimination, especially for events containing charged particles below the Cherenkov threshold. Understanding high-energy neutrino event detection capabilities in WbLS is critical to advancing this technology. In this poster, recent studies about the WbLS detector performance are presented.


The respiratory pulse oximeter supplies are a non-invasive way to measure and monitor a person’s oxygen saturation. The sensor is mostly applied on a thin part of the body, commonly on the index finger. This device sends two wavelengths of light through the body part the sensor holds on to a photodetector which in case measures the changing absorbance of each wavelength through the arterial blood. In this category you will find the best quality of respiratory pulse oximeter products. These items display the percentage of oxygen in the blood, more specifically it measure the hemoglobin, which is the protein that carries oxygen.


LED lighting as a new generation of lighting has been widely concerned. Only relying on LED packaging can not produce good lighting. This paper mainly introduces the LED lighting from the electronic circuit, thermal analysis, optical aspects, first introduces the LED lighting design.
With the improvement of people's attention to the environment in recent years, LED lighting as a new generation of lighting has been widely concerned. At the exhibition, as long as the booths related to LED lighting are crowded, at the same time, LED lighting also appears more in our daily life. Generally, LED lamps that can be consumed by families are bulb type LED lamps sold by major lighting manufacturers. In addition, many companies have developed fluorescent LED lamps. In this case, more companies are bound to participate in the LED lighting industry.


NeCitizen – Class Iiia Laser Eye Damage
Class Iiia Laser Eye Damage,
Power output between 1 milliwatt and 5 milliwatt. Odds of damage are very low, less then 1 in 100,000 for that power level.
There is only a small hazard potential for accidental exposure.
Class iiia laser eye damage. Lasers in this class range from 5 to 499 mw in power output. Class iiib will cause damage if the beam enters the eye directly. For pulse laser system to be class 3b their output cannot exceed 125 mj in less than 0.25 seconds.
The american national standards institue (ansi) is the body that regulates lasers manufactured and. The first two are relatively safe for eye exposure; There is only a small hazard potential for accidental exposure.
This is the highest class of laser radiation. It can cause distraction, being brighter than surrounding lights, within 4.5 miles (7.3 km) of the laser.; Class 2, class 3r, class 3b and class 4.
Direct viewing of the beam can be hazardous to the eyes, even for brief amounts of time. Class 2, class 3r, class 3b and class 4. Class iiia laser pointers and any recognizable retinal damages were evaluated.
This generally applies to lasers. A 4.99 mw class 3r laser beam can temporarily flashblind a pilot or driver, causing afterimages, within 530 ft (160 m) of the laser.; Products that have a class iiia laser should have a laser emission indicator to tell when the laser is in operation.
While it is possible for class 3r lasers to have small but brief contact to the eye without causing damage, class 3b lasers should not be pointed to the eye completely. Class iiia lasers in this class are mostly dangerous in combination with optical instruments which change the beam diameter. The chart below shows how the eye injury hazard increases as the laser’s power increases.
These are hazardous to view at all times, may cause devastating and permanent eye damage, may have sufficient energy to ignite materials, and may cause significant skin damage. Class 3b or class iiib lasers. Class 3a laser pointer is essentially the same as the roman numeral “class iiia” you may see on some lasers’ labels.
Class 3a lasers are considered safe when handled carefully. You might pick up some eye strain from your aversion reactions. Avoid direct eye exposure class iiia laser product.
It can cause glare, blocking a pilot or driver’s vision, within 2400 ft (730 m) of the laser. The first two classes are relatively safe for eye exposure; The last two are hazardous.
The last two are hazardous. To report laser pointer induced damage to retina and choroid and briefly review literature. Many laser pointers are in this category.
Class 3a lasers are considered safe when handled carefully. Damage is caused by looking directly into the light for more than 15 minutes. Class iiia (beam irradiance 2.5 mw/cm(2)), class iiib and class iv lasers:
The above calculations are for a 555 nanometer green laser. These findings were also confirmed in the survey of 14 patients with transient exposure to light beam of a laser pointer.19 regardless of the previous reports, They should also have a danger label and output.
The higher of the two is class 3b (class iiib) lasers, which is closer to class 4 regarding power and damage. It was concluded the potential risk of the class iiia laser pointers to cause eye damages is negligible. Laser classes chart lasers are classified based on their potential for causing injury — especially eye damage, since the eye is most susceptible to excess laser light.
Some laser pointers do fall into this class. Besides the possibility of causing damage to the human eye, class 3b lasers can heat up your skin and possibly burn at higher output levels. Cause damage to the product, or cause harm to the user.
Maximum power density in the beam is 2.5 mw/square cm. It can cause glare, blocking a pilot or driver's vision, within 2400 ft (730 m) of the laser.; A 4.99 mw class iiia green laser pointer beam can temporarily flashblind a pilot or driver, causing afterimages, within 530 ft (160 m) of the laser.
He was exposed for one minute to class iiia green laser pointer of 650 nm wavelength and 5 m … Protective eyewear is a must when handling lasers in this class. Class 3a laser pointer is essentially the same as the roman numeral class iiia you may see on some lasers' labels.
It can cause distraction, being brighter than surrounding lights, within 4.5 miles (7.3 km) of the laser. Require the danger sign format: Now if the laser were class iiib, and greater then 5 mw, then things change.
His eyesight fully recovered within 2 days, at the time of his eye exam. Each is described in more detail here: It is also recommended for the laser to have a key switch and safety lock.
Luttrull & hallisey (1999) describe a similar case, a 34 year old male who stared into the beam of a class iiia 5 mw red laser for 30 to 60 seconds, causing temporary central scotoma and visual field loss. These lasers can produce spot blindness under the right conditions and other possible eye injuries.


2DTG offers UV (Ultra-Violet) and IR (Infrared) scanners as an integral part of Barcode Protection strategy, supplementing content security - Barcode Security Suite – with safeguarding the label from direct copying.
UV (or IR) printed barcodes have become a popular method of adding security marks to products and documents. The Ultra Violet illumination and enhanced optics are able to see the 'invisible' barcode marks printed with UV fluorescing inks. Fluorescence occurs when the absorbed radiation is in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum, and thus invisible to the human eye, while the emitted light is in the visible region, which gives the fluorescent substance a distinct color that can only be seen when exposed to UV light.
Fluorescent technology in barcode printing provides their comprehensive protection from direct coping (using copy-machine, for instance) and that is why this method is particularly popular with government agencies, pharmaceutical industry, any agency in need of protecting documents from copying and tampering. It does not protect the content of the barcode, though. That is why the combination of 2DTG’s authentication/encryption methods with fluorescent technology provides the best overall protection for your brand/product/ document: “Authentication - Encryption – Validation”.


Various applications of laser in photovoltaic industry
In the process of development and use of photovoltaic energy, as a high precision and high efficiency tool, laser is playing an increasingly important role. This article is about to discovery the application of laser technology in photovoltaic energy industry and expect the development outlook of the laser technology.
Practical application of glass laser welding
The combination of ultra short pulse laser and exquisite self-focusing technology provides the required quality and process reliability, making it possible to apply glass laser welding in mass production. The unique and excellent properties of glass make it widely used in various high-tech products in different fields such as biomedical and microelectronics.
Introduction of laser welding methods: Frame welding and synchronized welding
At present, many products(including automobile semi-conductors, medical and food industries) have extremely high requirements for processing precision and cosmetic, that made laser welding has been become the necessary process of those products, also make laser welding a further development.
Handheld laser welding machine, differences between forced air cooling and direct air conditioning cooling
With the rapid development of the handheld laser welding market, a large number of handheld laser welding machines that use water-cooled cooling methods have been sold in the market in recent years.


high brightness, high optical transmissivity, Super thin film glass, daylight readable
BYTC Super high brightness teleprompter applies for updated technology for preventing light refraction, whose brightness is 2-3 times to common teleprompters. The highest brightness reaches at 1800nits and its optical transmissivity reaches at 80%. Our daylight readable screen also allows you to use it within surroundings with strong light or even outdoor. Super thin film glass, which is only 2mm, makes you not be affected by teleprompter when shooting.
Characters for BYTC SUPER BRIGHTNESS TELEPROMPTER:
Light refraction preventing;
Brightness is 2-3 times to common teleprompters;
Highest brightness: 1800nits;
Optical transmissivity: 80%;
Super thin film glass (only 2mm) greatly imporves optical transmissivity.


2 Items You Do Certainly Not Understand Relative To LASIK Eye Medical ProcedureThe eye can be analyzed with relative ease regarding both its function and its structure. A functional assessment includes the ability to relocate the orbit and the reaction of the pupil to light and accommodation.
The function of the eye may be tested in several methods. The client might be asked to determine illuminated letter or objects of differing sizes on exactly what is understood as the Snellen chart.
Conversely, the assessment of the structural part of the eye may be made in a number of ways. Stress within the eyeball is determined by a "tonometer." In particular diseases, especially in glaucoma, the stress in the eyeball is increased markedly.
It needs to be well remembered that a patient with an eye issue may have other problems. Often other physical conditions are main and impact the eye as a consequence. The look of the eye can inform the physician and the patient to difficulties in some disturbances of other parts of the body even before other symptoms present themselves.
One's dependence on sight is stressed when one deals with a possible or momentary permanent loss of this crucial sense. When corrective procedures are looked for, particular kinds of vision correction such as contact lenses or spectacles are recommended.
On the other hand, some people are bothered with the fact that they have actually some framed lenses or contact lenses in front of their eyes.
For this factor, advanced surgeries were established to motivate decreased usage of contact lenses or glasses. Among which is the now popular LASIK eye surgery.
Generally, LASIK eye surgical treatment is the brief term for "Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis." Like its concrete equivalent, LASIK eye surgery is another form of vision correction. The only distinction is that with this kind of surgery, one's vision is remedied permanently.
With LASIK eye surgical treatment, the refractive mistakes in the cornea are completely changed. This can be done using an "excimer laser."
The primary function of this surgery is to develop a threadlike, rounded "flap" in the cornea using a blade referred to as "microkeratome." In a series of unfolding and laser processing, the cornea is lastly reformed, allowing much better the eye to direct more light into the retina.
Popularity vs. Disadvantages
Amidst the growing appeal of LASIK eye surgery, there are still disadvantages that people need to know. Most likely, the main factor why this kind of eye surgery has become well accepted is since the majority of its cases had been effective.
However, in spite of its success, there are still some disadvantages. Here is the list:
1. It is an operation used to the most sensitive part of the eye
Because LASIK eye surgical treatment involves the operation of the retina, which is one of the most sensitive portions of the eye, most people state that the operation can be really risky.
To puts it simply, a easy mistake might almost cause an person's life time loss of sight. It is essential to consider many useful reference elements before deciding whether LASIK eye surgical treatment is the right corrective step one has to go through.
2. It is not a best procedure
LASIK eye surgery may fix your vision however it does not necessarily mean that it can give you a twenty-twenty. Even if statistical reports show that 70% of the clients may have 20/20 vision, this does not necessarily suggest they have ideal vision as well.
Provided all these things, it can be deduced that, in spite of the appeal of the operation, LASIK may not constantly be the perfect eye surgery the way the majority of people see it
On the other hand, the assessment of the structural part of the eye might be made in numerous methods. It must be well kept in mind that a client with an eye issue may have other issues. Typically other physical conditions are main and impact More about the author the eye as a repercussion. The appearance of the eye can alert the doctor and the patient to problems in some disruptions of other parts of the body even before other signs present themselves.
Like its concrete counterpart, LASIK eye surgical treatment is another type of vision correction.


In a test lasting around five minutes, the new optoplasmonic sensor analyzes the product for a total of six substances, providing a supplementary check and an early-warning system within the supply chain, well before the milk is pumped into the tanker. The sensor is functionalized with receptors for specific antibodies that serve as indicators of various quality and safety parameters for milk. It allows dairy farms to carry out automated, on-site quantitative analyses.
The entire system consists of a reusable microfluidic chip, organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) or diodes (OLEDs), a sensor comprising organic photodetectors (OPDs), a nanostructured plasmonic grating and the specific antibodies. The organic photodetector is undergoing development at the Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, and the microfluidic chip at the Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS. The OLET, meanwhile, is being developed by CNR-ISMN in Bologna, and the photonic grating by the company Plasmore Srl in Pavia, both in Italy. Coordinator of the project is CNR-ISMN.
“Light emitted by the transistor falls onto a grating coated with antibodies specific to the various substances being tested for. When milk is flushed over the grating, any target molecules in the milk then bond with the antibodies. This alters the refractive index in the immediate vicinity of the grating, which in turn modifies how this light is reflected. The reflected light is registered by the photodetector, which measures minimal changes in the refractive index”, explains Dr. Michael Törker, a researcher at Fraunhofer FEP. This basic phenomenon, which occurs on specially structured nanogratings, is known as surface plasmon resonance. It provides rapid and highly sensitive readings.


Q-Switched Applications are suitable for skin toning by treatment of pigmented lesions and dark tattoo removal.
Q switched Nd YAG laser skin care machine adopts laser blasting effects and the theory of selective absorption. Then high energy laser pulses will act on the pigment tissue, including melanin, pigments for tattoo, permanent tattoo pigment, dust particle. After the laser shock, the pigment tissue will dilate rapidly. The thermal relaxation time of laser pulse is much shorter than that of melanoma and tattoo, so the pigment tissue will generate mechanical oscillation wave and then be broken up after absorbing laser energy. The fragmentized pigment granule will be excreted to the outside of the body through metabolism and phagocytosis of macrophages. Thus the pigment will be removed. Meanwhile, the laser beam can penetrate into corium layer to activate the tissue, accelerate cell regeneration in order to get the following effects: wrinkle removing, skin whitening, skin rejuvenation and skin quality improving. The laser can absorb heat selectively; the optimal absorbing wavelength of various pigments is different; and other tissues of the human body has little absorption of 1064nm and 532nm laser from ND:YAG laser. So this machine can effectively remove pigment and vessel tissue with lesion without destroying peripheral tissue.


Leica CL silver
In addition to the black model, the versatile system camera - the Leica CL - is now available in silver. While its technical specifications are identical to those of its black counterpart, the design of the new version sets itself apart with the classic combination of black and silver. The top plate and the baseplate are silver anodized. The black leather trim has been maintained.More Details
The control elements on the top plate are finished in silver. The silver versions of the TL-lenses are the perfect addition for your Leica CL, to support your individual style of photography.
Discover the new silver version right now.
Working with the Leica CL has been an interesting experience.
I’ve been immersed in the world of the night bus for a few months now and have been working most Friday and Saturday night’s that I’ve been in London but always on my Leica M10 and with my Summilux-M 50mm f/1.4. I have to say I was completely delighted, and also surprised given it’s compact size compared to the mighty Leica M10, how brilliantly the CL performed.
In his series ‘Hola Chicas!’, he shows just how exciting a day in the life of the very busy TV-star and media-darling Jorge González can be.
I pushed my camera to the absolute limit all day long. I had to cope with a lot of difficult lighting situations. As it turned out, everything was possible and the camera was perfect.’ Anatol Kotte, well-known for his intense portraits of actors, actresses, musicians and politicians, accompanied Jorge González a whole day long – the outcome is a wonderfully multifaceted series that shows not only the public face of the star, but also reveals the real person behind the media hype that surrounds him.
Leica Elmarit-TL 18mm f/2.8 ASPH.
The Leica Elmarit-TL 18 mm f/2.8 ASPH. is not only one of the smallest in its class, it also by far exceeds the imaging performance of its competitors.
With a weight of only 80 grams, a length of just 20.5 millimetres and four asphericals in its optical design, the extremely compact Elmarit-TL 18 mm f/2.8 ASPH. wide-angle lens delivers outstanding imaging performance.
Leica TL-Lenses Masterpieces of optical design
The exceptional imaging performance of Leica lenses has evolved from more than 150 years of experience in the development of precision optical instruments.
The lenses for the APS-C System are naturally also characterised by our dedication to optical perfection.
L-Mount A new era of creative freedom
For the first time in the history of digital photography, a cross-format lens mount standard has been established that allows lenses made by different manufacturers to be used on each other’s system cameras.


Leica has always called its f/1.4 lenses "SUMMILUX," regardless of focal length or optical design. Thus SUMMILUX is a meaningless trademark, not any indicator of lens age, quality or design. All these lenses are sold as "SUMMILUX" lenses.
1961 ~ 1990: 35mm f/1.4 SUMMILUX-M (11 870)
The first 35mm f/1.4 SUMMILUX-M (11 870) had 7 spherical elements in 5 groups. It's a conventional double-Gauss design.
It weighs 245g and is only 38mm long.
In the beginning, it also came in a version with additional finder optics (11 871) for use on the M3.
By itself, this first 35/1.4 focuses to 1m, and with the M3 reducing optics, focuses to 0.65m.
The first version, up to serial 2,166,700, used a bizarre 41mm filter, then was changed to use series VII instead. Neither size is easy to find today.
The first version used the 12 586 hood, and the latter uses the 12 504 hood.
It has come in silver and in black.
An optical advantage of this first version 35mm f/1.4 is that its mostly symmetrical design produces no distortion, unlike the slightly stronger distortion (bending of straight lines) of the newer aspherical versions.
This first version is pretty soft at f/1.4 and can't use easy-to-find filters, which limits its appeal, but its lack of distortion and having the same sharpness as the current lenses stopped down can make it a winner.


Panasonic DMC-ZS7 12.1 MP Digital Camera with 12x Zoom
The Panasonic Lumix DMC-ZS7 is one of the most popular Digital Cameras on
the market and makes the perfect gift. With an ultra wide-angle 25mm powerful 12x optical zoom lens it is a good
camera for any situation. Boasting a 12.1 Megapixels it also has many attractive features such as Intelligent
Resolution technology and built in GPS unit. The capability of both photo and movie recording makes this more than
just a normal digital camera. Movies can be recorded in an instant simply by pressing the recording button for two
One of the most Popular Cameras selling on Amazon! Available in 4 different colors!
Panasonic DMC-ZS7 12.1 MP Digital Camera Black
Panasonic DMC-ZS7 12.1 MP Digital Camera
Panasonic DMC-ZS7 12.1 MP Digital Camera Blue
Panasonic DMC-ZS7 12.1 MP Digital Camera Red
Panasonic Lumix DMC-ZS7 Features
25mm Ultra Wide-angle Lens
The DMC-ZS7 features a 25mm ultra wide-angle*
12x optical zoom f/3.3-4.9 Leica DC Vario-Elmar lens (35mm camera equivalent: 25-300mm). Incorporating Panasonic's
advanced optical technologies, this lens system is comprised of 10 elements in 8 groups, with 2 ED (Extra Low
Dispersion) lenses and 2 aspherical lenses / 3 aspherical surfaces while preserving compactness. This lens system
enables a remarkable 25 to 300mm range of focal length in this compact body. The powerful zoom of the DMC-ZS7 can
be freely controlled even when shooting motion images. Inheriting the fine rendering and outstanding quality of the
Leica Elmar lens, this easy-to-carry camera delivers beautiful images any time, any place.Editing this basic
template to meet your needs
16x Intelligent Zoom/23.4x Extra Optical Zoom
Thanks to the newly incorporated Intelligent Resolution technology, the Intelligent Zoom is available with the
DMC-ZS7 which extends the zoom ratio by approx. 1.3x
maintaining the picture quality even combining a digital zoom. This means the 12x optical can virtually extend to
16x equivalent. Furthermore, the Extra Optical Zoom function that extends zoom power to 23.4x* by using the center
part of the large CCD to bring subjects even closer.
HD Movie in AVCHD Lite
In addition to Motion JPEG images, the
DMC-ZS7 can record high-definition motion images in AVCHD Lite.
It features almost double the recording time in HD quality compared with the conventional Motion JPEG format. Also,
with the DMC-ZS7, it is possible to use the GPS (Global Positioning System) function to record data on the shooting
location. You can view images for each geographical location by using the included software PHOTOfunSTUDIO 5.1 HD
Edition to manage the images by date and location.
Powerful 12x Optical Zoom
The addition of AVCHD Lite HD movie recording doubles the appeal of the DMC-ZS7. This single camera lets you
capture virtually all images in their natural beauty. It gives you both motion and still images, and ranges from
25mm ultra wide-angle* shots of sweeping landscapes to powerful 12x
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optical zoom shots (35mm camera equivalent: 300mm) that pull distant subjects right up close. The mechanism design
minimizes the noise of auto focusing or zooming.
* Converted to standard 35mm camera equivalent, at the maximum wide position.
High Quality Sound
A stereo microphone, featuring Dolby Digital Stereo Creator, on
the upper body records dynamic, true-to-life stereo audio that brings out the power of your HD movies.
Travel Mode with GPS for both Photos and Movies
By simply turning on the GPS function, the location data and time are automatically updated. Great
for travel recordings. The DMC-TS7 camera is acclaimed as an excellent travel companion because of a wide
shooting range and hybrid recording capability of high quality photos and movies. The DMC-ZS7 further
enhances its value by adding a built-in GPS (Global Positioning System) unit into the camera.
Available in 4 Different colors


Can someone please let me know, how do i find out if the SFP is dual fiber or single fiber by the juniper SFP part number or specifications.
I require both dual fiber and single fiber SFP for 10G and range 10KM
Juniper only does a dual fiber 10G 10km single-mode optic: EX-SFP-10G-LR. single fiber (bidi) are available for 1G.
If you require a single fiber (bidi) 10G optic, you have to look into thirdparty vendors to solve this need - but it will work so you can easily go in that direction 🙂
Hi Jonas ,
I wasn't expecting some one to resolve the query this soon, I will let this be the solution unless someone points out single fiber SFP for 10GbE.
Thanks alot for the information.
I would like to ask a follow up question,
Is there any performance impact for useing 3rd party SFPs?
Can anyone suggested Single Fiber (bidi) 10GbE SFP for MX960 MIC-3D-4XGE-XFP
there is no performance impact of using 3rd party optics.
Regarding which optic for MIC-3D-4XGE-XFP. This MIC has 4 XFP-slots which is a different form factor than SFP+.
You could eg. use Prolabs EX-XFP-10GE-BXD-20KM-C and EX-XFP-10GE-BXU-20KM-C. Please be aware with bidi optics they need to be in pairs as transmit/receive wavelengths has to match. In this case you can see tx/rx on the SKU description from Prolabs. Other vendors has similar optics available, use your google-foo to find these. Prolabs are just my personal go-to-vendor 🙂
Please remember to kudo if you can use the answer...
I've found that Champion Optics work well in the MX, EX and ACX line gear and offer a wide variety of BiDi options.


Orthokeratology is a safe, non-surgical alternative to lasik vision correction. This process utilizes specialized rigid gas permeable contact lenses to gently reshape the cornea while you sleep. These lenses change the curvature of the cornea to eliminate the need for prescription correction during the day. Once the maximum results are achieved, retainer lenses are worn at night to maintain your vision correction.
This process is not for everyone, so ask your doctor during your next visit or call with any questions. Our doctors will work with you for the best possible vision correction for your needs.


Whenever a sample is exposed to IR, the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which has a larger wavelength and short frequency than visible light, is quantifiable in the sample. In operation, the core notion is that various components’ connections absorbed light of specific frequency. An infrared spectrometer is used to evaluate the light, which creates an IR spectrum as a result. The Infrared spectra are a chart with the frequencies (wavelength) mostly on the horizontal plane and the ir radiation absorption by the material on the y axis. Let us know more about FTIR spectroscopy basics below.
How it works
The band of wavelengths inside the infrared region which are absorbed by a substance is measured via FTIR analysis. The introduction of infrared radiation to a sampling of a substance accomplishes this. To evaluate the substance’s molecular compositions, the sample’s absorption of infrared light energies at different wavelengths is evaluated. The spectrum is compared to a collection of reference spectra to identify unknown compounds. As far as a standard calibration curve with a known concentration of the element of interest could be constructed, substances could be measured utilizing the FTIR spectroscopy basics substances characterization approach. Unknown components, additives inside polymers, exterior contaminants on a substance, and more may all be identified via FTIR analysis.
An interferometer, a simplistic apparatus that produces an optical signal along with all the Infrared radiation frequencies recorded in it, can be used to distinguish samples. The signals may be immediately measured. The signals are then deciphered using the Fourier transformation, a mathematics method. The spectral data is then mapped using a desktop-generated technique. The resultant chart is the spectrum that is subsequently identified by comparing it to the references library. Samples as tiny as twenty microns could be studied using the microscopy attachments. This enables the identifications of unidentified particles, deposits, coatings, or fibers in a timely and cost-effective manner. FTIR analysis may also be used to measure impurities or additions in materials, and also evaluate levels of oxidized in certain polymers or degrees of curing in others.
Put the sample in the FTIR spectrophotometer. The spectrometer sends infrared beams of light to the sample and detects that how much of the beams and at what frequency the sample absorbed. A tiny piece of the substance should be cut or the sample should be small enough for the infrared light to pass across. On certain specimens, reflection methods could be employed without causing harm to the samples. Traces, spots, or coatings on a very flat reflecting surface, or slightly malleable substances narrow enough to go underneath the microscopes utilizing the attenuated total reflectance connection to the lens, are samples favorable to reflection.
Hope the above information has given you some information about FTIR.


The standard lighting in most of our chambers is either fluorescent or a mixed array of fluorescent and incandescent lamps designed to produce a broader spectral range, simulating that of natural sunlight. To meet the unique research needs of our customers we have also provided a number of custom lighting solutions including:
- Vertical & horizontal H. I. D. fixtures
- Microwave-excited electrodeless lamps
- Supplemental UVA &/or UVB
- Monochromatic LED arrays
The EGC engineering staff can custom design chambers tailored to fit the researcher’s unique lighting requirements. We can incorporate your preferred illumination into a chamber design that provides the desired performance. Talk with an EGC representative about your specific needs.
In addition to our custom lighting solutions we also offer two unique designs for those requiring increased lighting levels.
Sun-Brella® HID Fixtures
The Sun-Brella® is a unique lighting fixture which combines two HID lamps with a circulating water system that can remove up to 70% of the lamp generated heat. The specially designed reflector assembly produces an even light distribution over a broad working area. An integral light barrier reduces heat dispersion to the growth area and helps maintain constant lamp operating temperatures for optimum performance
Combining two 400 watt bulbs, one high-pressure sodium and one metal-halide, they produce an optimal plant growth spectral mix. Research applications include bench lighting, caps for “M” series growth chambers, or as growth lights in environmental rooms.
Developed out of our long term collaboration with NASA, the Wet-Lyte system is a unique solution to providing high efficiency lighting for plant growth enhancement.
The 1000 watt HID design produces the maximum lighting levels attainable from commercially available lamps, with power efficiencies up to twice that of other light sources. The water jacketed reflector assembly is designed to produce optimum illumination at low working heights, while acting as an efficient heat exchanger for removing generated heat.


If the task at hand is to scan photos with the result of a high quality image, then this section on film scanners is just for you. Photo scanning has never been easier with our range of film and negative scanners, even those without prior knowledge of the use of these scanners, will be able to scan photos with a professional result.
When looking for a graphic scanner or photo scanner, it is important to remember that many flatbed scanners are capable of scanning film using a transparent media adaptor but most of the cheaper ones tend to produce such poor results that we really can't classify them as film scanners. When scanning 35mm slides, 120 (medium format) and 5x4 film, it's important to look beyond the resolution. At the same resolution, two scanners may deliver vastly different results.
If you are trying to scan 35mm negatives, bear in mind that it's the most difficult task for a scanner. Scanning colour negatives is also likely to take longer than scanning slides.
The qualitative aspects are essential to obtain good results. They include the scanner's mechanical precision, optical quality, optical path (e.g. glass free or not), number of mirrors, dynamic range, colour calibration, software and last but not least: auto-focus. Please be aware that published specifications are often very misleading, especially when it comes to dynamic range and resolution. If this sounds too complicated, please feel free to contact our friendly sales staff for advice.


Metamorph Imaging Software
Metamorph imaging software
Metamorph imaging software is a powerful and versatile software for microscopy automation and image analysis. It can integrate different types of fluorescent microscope hardware and peripherals into a single custom workstation, and perform various biological applications such as multi-dimensional imaging, 3D deconvolution, colocalization, fluorescence ratio imaging, morphometry, and more. Metamorph imaging software is developed by Molecular Devices, a leading provider of high-performance bioanalytical measurement systems.
Features of Metamorph imaging software
Real-time image processing: Metamorph imaging software supports graphics processing unit hardware acceleration, which enables fast and accurate image processing. It can resolve sub-cellular objects as small as 20 nm spatially and 40 nm axially.
Multi-dimensional acquisition module: Metamorph imaging software allows the capture of complex acquisition sequences using a flexible and user-friendly interface. It can control multiple devices such as microscopes, cameras, filter wheels, shutters, stages, and lasers, and acquire images in different dimensions such as time, wavelength, position, and focus.
Integrated morphometric analysis: Metamorph imaging software can measure and categorize objects into discrete user-defined classes based on any combination of morphometric parameters, such as shape, size, or optical density. It can also perform advanced operations such as object tracking, motion analysis, cell segmentation, neurite outgrowth, angiogenesis tube formation, and more.
Scan slide module: Metamorph imaging software can automate the acquisition of multiple images and then stitch them seamlessly together. This feature is useful for scanning large areas of interest or creating high-resolution images from multiple low-resolution images.
Benefits of Metamorph imaging software
Metamorph imaging software offers many benefits for researchers who use microscopy techniques for their experiments. Some of the benefits are:
Compatibility: Metamorph imaging software works with many commercially available microscopes, cameras, and other devices. It can also be used as a complement to confocal systems, as it can measure, analyze, and display multi-dimensional data acquired from confocal systems.
Versatility: Metamorph imaging software can handle various types of images, from simple intensity logging to advanced super-resolution microscopy. It can also perform different types of analysis, from basic image processing to sophisticated biological applications.
Customization: Metamorph imaging software is available in multiple custom configurations, depending on the user's needs and preferences. It also allows the user to create custom macros and scripts to automate tasks or perform specific functions.
Support: Metamorph imaging software is backed by Molecular Devices' customer support team, which provides technical assistance, training, and updates. Molecular Devices also collaborates with leading bioscience researchers to develop new features and modules for Metamorph imaging software.
Metamorph imaging software is a comprehensive and reliable software for microscopy automation and image analysis. It can integrate different types of microscope hardware and peripherals into a single workstation, and perform various biological applications such as multi-dimensional imaging, 3D deconvolution, colocalization, fluorescence ratio imaging, morphometry, and more. Metamorph imaging software is compatible with many commercially available devices, versatile in handling different types of images and analysis, customizable according to the user's needs and preferences, and supported by Molecular Devices' customer support team. Metamorph imaging software is a valuable tool for researchers who use microscopy techniques for their experiments.


Viewsonic LS830 Projector Full HD 1080p, 4.500lm projector, 100.000:1 contrast ratio
LS830 A Brilliant Take on Laser Projection Powered by a pure Laser Phosphor light source system, the ViewSonic LS830 laser projector provides resource efficiency solution when compared to traditional lamp-based projectors. Laser lightsource technology lasts up to 20,000 hours which delivers long-term, virtually maintenance-free usage. Featuring 1920×1080 Full HD resolution and 4,500 lumens of brightness, the ViewSonic LS830 Laser Projector is the ideal solution for high-end retail and luxury commercial use. With an ultra-short 0.23 throw ratio the LS830 can be placed just inches away from a wall or screen to project a huge image. Very high contrast ratio and a pure laser light source displays superior image quality compared to other projectors.
Laser phosphor, UST (0.23 throw ratio), Full HD 1080p, 4,500lm projector, 100,000:1 contrast ratio, RJ45 network control, SuperColor technology, SonicExpert sound system with 3x audio modes (standard, speech, and entertainment), 16w speakers (8w x2 – stereo), vertical & horizontal keystone correction (auto vertical keystone), 3D compatible. RGB IN x2, HDMI x1, HDMI/MHL x 1, VIDEO x 1, S-VIDEO x1, MONITOR OUT x 1, AUDIO IN x 1, AUDIO (RCA) L/R x1, AUDIO OUT x1, AUDIO (RCA) Out L/R x1, RS232 x 1, MINI USB TYPE B x 1, USB TYPE A x1, LAN (RJ45) x 1, 3D VESA x 1, 12V TRIGGER x 1, COMPONENT x 1, MICRO USB WIRE x1


Service Code : Thermal Camera
With the assistance of skilled and dedicated professionals, we bring forth for our clients technologically upgraded Thermal Camera that is used to capture images using infrared radiations. Widely used in various fields such as military, medicine and archeology, provided camera is best for night vision, building inspection, astronomy and other applications. Sourced from the reliable vendors of the market, offered camera is strictly monitored on defined quality parameters to ensure its flawlessness. We offer this Thermal Camera in several designs, sizes and other specifications at most competitive price.
Compatible with computer peripherals
Enriched with smart sensors
Synchronized video and audio output
Easy to operate


Cosemi Launches 100-Meter USB 3.1 Gen 2 Optical Cablesby Anton Shilov on December 6, 2019 9:00 AM EST
Cosemi has introduced new USB 3.1 Gen 2 active optical cables, which support full speed USB connections at distances of up to 100 meters. The cables are designed primarily for industrial applications.
Cosemi’s USB 3.1 Gen 2 active optical cables feature a USB Type-A connector on one side as well as a USB Type-B connector with a screw locking mechanism on another side. The cables can enable data transfers at up to 10 Gbps speed, but they cannot power devices (which is what hybrid active optical cables are needed for), which somewhat limits applications they can address.
USB 3.1 Gen 2 active optical cables like the ones offered by Cosemi are primarily used to connect industrial equipment, such as machine vision systems, to computers located off the factory floor without using expensive signal booster solutions. Considering the fact that more and more industrial equipment is becoming 'intelligent' and requires full time data connections, such long USB cables will be needed. Depending on exact environments, Cosemi will offer its optical cables in standard flex or super high-flex versions.
Cosemi said that it would begin sampling of its USB 3.1 Gen 2 active optical cables in Q1 2020. Commercial shipments will begin later, whereas pricing will depend on the length as well as flexibility.
- Cosemi Launches USB 3.1 Gen 2 Hybrid Active Optical Cable: Up to 50 Meters of USB
- Black Box Announces Active Optical DP & HDMI Cables up to 100m
- Cosemi Announces 328-Feet ‘8K-Ready’ OptoDP Active DisplayPort 1.4 Optical Cable


The eye can be examined with relative ease as to both its function and its structure. A practical examination consists of the capability to relocate the orbit and the response of the student to light and accommodation.
The function of the eye might be evaluated in numerous ways. The client might be asked to identify illuminated letter or things of differing sizes on what is understood as the Snellen chart.
On the other hand, the assessment of the structural part of the eye may be made in several methods. Tension within the eyeball is determined by a "tonometer." In specific diseases, specifically in glaucoma, the stress in the eyeball is increased significantly.
It must be well remembered that a client with an eye issue might have other issues. Typically other physical conditions are primary and impact the eye as a consequence. The look of the eye can notify the doctor and the patient to troubles in some disturbances of other parts of the body even prior to other signs present themselves.
Subsequently, one's dependence on sight is stressed when one faces a short-lived or possible long-term loss of this important sense. Hence, when restorative procedures are sought, particular kinds of vision correction such as contact lenses or spectacles are recommended.
On the other hand, some individuals are troubled with that they have actually some framed lenses or contact lenses in front of their eyes.
For this factor, advanced surgical operations were developed to motivate reduced usage of contact lenses or glasses. Among which is the now popular LASIK eye surgery.
Essentially, LASIK eye surgery is the short term for "Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis." Like its concrete equivalent, LASIK eye surgery is another form of vision correction. The only distinction is that with this type of surgery, one's vision is remedied permanently.
With LASIK eye surgery, the refractive mistakes in the cornea are completely transformed. This can be done using an "excimer laser."
The primary purpose of this surgical treatment is to develop a threadlike, rounded "flap" in the cornea using a blade referred to as "microkeratome." In a series of unfolding and laser processing, the cornea is finally reformed, allowing much better the eye to direct more light into the retina.
Popularity vs. Disadvantages
In the middle of the growing popularity of see it here LASIK eye surgery, there are still disadvantages that individuals need to know. Probably, the primary reason that this type of eye surgery has ended up being well accepted is since the majority of its cases had succeeded.
Nevertheless, in spite of its success, there are still some drawbacks. Here is the list:
1. It is an operation used to the most delicate part of the eye
Since LASIK eye surgical treatment includes the operation of the retina, which is among the most delicate parts of the eye, a lot of people state that the operation can be extremely risky.
Simply puts, a basic mistake could almost cause an person's life time loss of sight. It is essential to consider many aspects before deciding whether LASIK eye surgery is the best corrective measure one has to undergo.
2. It is not a perfect procedure
LASIK eye surgery may correct your vision however it does not always mean that it can offer you a ideal vision. Even if analytical reports show that 70% of the patients may have 20/20 vision, this does not always indicate they have ideal vision too.
Provided all these things, it can be deduced that, in spite of the popularity of the operation, LASIK might not always be the perfect eye surgery the method the majority of people see it
On the other hand, the evaluation of the structural part of the eye may be made in numerous methods. It needs to be well remembered that a patient with an eye issue might have other issues. Typically other physical conditions are primary and affect the eye as a effect. The appearance of the eye can alert the client and the physician to difficulties in some disturbances of other parts of the body even prior to other symptoms present themselves.
Like its tangible counterpart, LASIK eye surgical treatment is another type of vision correction.


Examination techniques for physical features
Molecular Weight Determination
The firm interrelationship between molecular weights of plastic polymers and physical features, estimating the molecular weight of plastic substances is vital for the use of packaging. Normally, to ensure the power of packaging items, it is vital to remain assured that the quality of the whole packaging method is highly reliant on MW and its distribution. Fundamentally, there are two practical testing processes to find out the average MW and MW delivery of plastic substances. The two examinations are GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) and SEC (Size-Exclusion Chromatography). The mechanism of both these examinations is founded on steric isolation of the analytic molecules from the holes of the column packing material.
In the present consumer item business, color is one of the most basic/primary /fundamental determinants for communication with customers since it affects the initial impression, recognition, perception and parts of both quality and brand identity. For instance, most international brand products, trademarks, icons are meticulously linked to various special colors. Hence, exact and continuous color measurements are required in terms of controlling quality for the packaging system, which also covered labelling and printing. To find out the color of most packaged products, several types of spectroscopic tools, spectrometers, color data software, spectrophotometers and tools are utilized by scientists dealing with packaging.
Primarily, calorimeters can estimate the color of packaging films. For example, the light differences can be traced by different light reflectance of objects and films, total color difference (delta E*) along with color values (L*,a*, b*) is gathered.
Opacity is defined as the degree of pigmentation of packaging components found in black light. Opacity is helpful for packaging materials which are subtle to both ultraviolent light and visible light. The basic optical features of plastics which are examined are visible light absorption, gloss, refractive index, Ultraviolet rays, haze, yellowness index and color analysis along with transmission. These can be measured and analyzed by using a spectrophotometer.
The amount of light reflected by the surface of the material is called gloss. It is estimated at the angles of 85°, 20° and 40°. Haze is defined as the dispersion of light through a material which leads to a glaring sensation. The changes in color from pure white to yellow is estimated by the yellowness index.


What Is a Solar Cell?
A solar cell is a device which converts light energy into electrical energy, they are sometimes called photovoltaic cells.
How do Solar Cells Work?
Photovoltaic cells are made of special materials called semiconductors such as silicon. Basically, when light strikes the cell, a certain portion of it is absorbed within the semiconductor material. This means that the energy of the absorbed light is transferred to the semiconductor. The energy knocks electrons loose, allowing them to flow freely. Electricity is flow of electrons.


Shades, Sunnies & Raybans Whatever you call them here's some helpful info?
Sunglasses are no longer a luxury accessory only for you to look good in front of your people. So are they really important? Can the eye suffer damages from not wearing them?
1- Eye Damage
Several studies have certified eye damage due to the sun. And according to long-term researchers, ultraviolet radiation definitely affects the central vision area which is the one that allows maximum visual acuity and lets us see in color! This is why specialists advise the use of filters, I mean, yes you guessed right: sunglasses.
2- UV protection
When wearing sunglasses with no ultraviolet protection, the pupil dilates and UV rays can easily enter in the eye, this means that it's even more dangerous to wear unprotected lenses against ultraviolet, than to not wear them. So if this is your case, do me and yourself a favor and go throw away those "fancy" sunglasses that are only feeding your compliments list.
3- Color and Protection
So your darker sunglasses, because they are darker, it means that they protect you from UV right? OF COURSE NOT! The darkness of the lens only limits the amount of light that reaches the eye, but that doesn't mean that they have the correct UV filter. If you have been wearing glasses without a filter for too long, despite not perceiving the damage, since the vision is correct, long-term vision problems such as defective vision or eye deviations may come along with time.
4- Polarized Glasses
Why are they so special? Why does everybody talk about them? Stated in professional words: "When the not polarized random light of the sun is reflected on a flat surface, then it becomes polarized" Which means the light is oriented in a certain direction, instead of randomly. This translates into an annoying glare that can be dangerous for your eyes at certain times while driving for example. This is when polarized sunglasses do their job. They filter this glare. They neutralize uncomfortable reflections from surfaces such as wet roads, water or snow. Still going for the fancy look? We have done a full blog on this here
5- Polarization and Protection of sunglasses
It's important for you to remember this info when getting your next, o.k. let's say fancy, but with protection, sunglasses. The protection level depends on the filter category and it's showed using a number that you can see on the border of the sunglasses, inside the circle. You'll see a number between 1 and 5 in any sunglasses you choose. This number indicates the recommended use, going from dimmed brightness (1) to exceptional brightness (5).
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Welcome to dLED from Bernitz Electronics
Specialists in retail LED lighting, electronics and sensor technology for over 20 years
Win more customers by adding great LED retail lighting to your POS displays
An unlit display can fade into the background, but our LED light bars illuminate the merchandise on every shelf to make the whole display an eye-catcher.
Our LED products can brighten up your POS display and draw attention to your merchandise, which in turn will help generate more sales.
Boost sales at low cost
Very low power consumption
Extremely long life (LED's usually run for 50.000 hours)
Robust, no fragile internal parts
Easy to use, virtually maintenance free
Low operating costs thanks to energy efficiency and long product life
Catch the customer's eye no matter what type of shelves you have
Our products are specially designed to fit into small spaces between shelves, are easy to install and are available in a variety of models, colors and sizes.
See how the right lighting can enhance your retail display and make your merchandise more appealing to your customers.
Enjoy benefits for safety & the environment
Long-lasting, high quality materials and great energy efficiency
Mercury free, no UV radiation
Low operating temperature
No noise or damage to the eyes
Certified product and environmental safety (CE, RoHS, ETL, TÜV Süd)
dLED on the cutting edge of smart lighting technology
Munich, Germany – March 19, 2020 – The research project OpenLicht was launched in September 2016 and stands for the design of smart, customized light solutions based on open source and new materials. OpenLicht was funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), with the goal of enabling new forms of collaboration between science, business, maker and startup community. Infineon Technologies AG is supervising the project in close cooperation with Bernitz Electronics GmbH, Deggendorf Institute of Technology and the Technical University of Dresden...


Doxorubicin, sold under the trade names Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. This includes breast cancer, bladder cancer, Kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is often used together with other chemotherapy agents. Doxorubicin is given by injection into a vein. Common side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, vomiting, rash, and inflammation of the mouth. Other serious side effects may include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, heart damage, tissue damage at the site of injection, radiation recall, and treatment-related leukemia. People often experience red discoloration of the urine for a few days. Doxorubicin is in the anthracycline and antitumor antibiotic family of medications. It works in part by interfering with the function of DNA.
The objective of “Optical Fiber Polarizer Market” Report provides a complete decision-making overview including definition, product specifications, market gains, key geographic regions and imminent Optical Fiber Polarizer industry peers for 2018-2025.
Optical Fiber Polarizer Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the present state of the Optical Fiber Polarizer industry. The report provides a basic overview of the industry together with definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The Optical Fiber Polarizer market analysis is provided for the international market including development history, competitive landscape analysis, and major regions’ development status.
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The Key Players that are included in the Global Optical Fiber Polarizer Market report are
AMS Technologies, Chiral Photonics, CYBEL, Thorlabs, OZ Optics, Chiral Photonics, Corning, Fujikura, Timbercon, DPM Photonics, Eluxi, Phoenix Photonics, AC Photonics, Senko Advanced Components, Electro Optics Technology, Elliot Scientific, Advanced Photonics International, EOSpace
Optical Fiber Polarizer Market by Key Consumer/Application: Automotive, Aerospace, Electronics, Others
Various policies and news are also included in the Global Optical Fiber Polarizer Market report. This includes labour cost, depreciation cost, raw material cost and other costs. The production process is analysed with respect to various aspects like, manufacturing plant distribution, capacity, commercial production, R&D status, raw material source and technology source.
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Major Classifications of Optical Fiber Polarizer Market are as follows:
PM-PM Fiber, SM-PM Fiber, M-SM Fiber
Further the report covers following points:
- Manufacturing Process analysis: Under this, firstly various costs related to manufacturing are analysed (labour cost, material cost, equipment cost, etc.). Based on these costs, price and gross for Optical Fiber Polarizer market are also discussed. Manufacturing plants, their capacity, commercial production and distribution is given with the current status of R&D activities. Also, analysis of sources of raw material is given.
- Price & Cost Analysis: Analysis of price and cost is done in terms of types and regions. Also, gross and gross margin are analysed with respect to types and regions. Additionally, price, cost, gross for various Optical Fiber Polarizer industry manufacturers are studied.
- Optical Fiber Polarizer Consumption and Sale Analysis: Consumption value and volume both are given in this section. This includes global consumption as well as region wise consumption and growth rate. Sale prices for several types, regions and applications are also examined and based on sale price levels, Optical Fiber Polarizer market share is analysed.
- Major Manufacturers’ Analysis: The analysis of Optical Fiber Polarizer market key players is covered in this report to provide thorough information about the competition. Top companies in the market, their profiles and details of the product they offer are given. Capacity, price, cost, revenue and contact information of each firm is also included.
Optical Fiber Polarizer Regional Analysis includes:
- Southeast Asia
- South America
- South Africa
- OthersPrice of Report: $3000 (Single User Licence)
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Since the introduction of the modern self-illuminating binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO) in the middle of the 20th century, developments have focused mainly on improving illumination without significant changes in the core optical system.1.2 The optical principle of BIO depends on reducing the examiner’s interpupillary distance (IPD) with the help of mirrors and/or prisms, so that the visual axis of both eyes of the examiner receives the light rays reflected through the patient’s pupil simultaneously. The light rays returning from the fundus are collimated by an indirect ophthalmoscopy lens to form a real, inverted and laterally inverted image between the patient and the examiner. Performing and anatomically interpreting the BIO examination is a skill that ophthalmology students develop during their residency training programs.3 Traditional BIOs cannot record videos and images of the examination. Video capable BIO devices are commercially available at a higher price, are more bulky, and enable 2D recording of videos and still images of the eye examination with an integrated digital camera.4–6 The limitations of currently available video-capable BIO devices include the possible decentralization of the recorded image from the examiner’s point of view, which requires frequent adjustments.4 and the lack of stereo vision of the recordings, as they provide two-dimensional (2D) rather than stereoscopic 3D images. Here we describe a novel design of a BIO prototype capable of fully digital video recording, which provides stereoscopic, three-dimensional (3D) recording of the fundus image with the possibility of real-time anatomical correction.
This prospective observational pilot study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Eye Research Institute, Giza, Egypt, and was conducted in accordance with all local laws and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written consent was obtained from the study participants. The prototype used in this study consists of a generic LED light source and two side-by-side mini-cameras synchronized 15 mm apart. The mini-cameras are connected to a processor, data carrier (Samsung note-9 Android smartphone in the current prototype) and virtual reality kit (VISIONHMD Bigeyes H1 3D Video Glasses in the current prototype) (Figure 1). The synchronized dual cameras are configured to export the recorded video to the Samsung note-9 phone using a docking console (Samsung Dex Dock Station). A custom Android application was designed to capture test media from the dual camera, with the right camera projected to the right half of the screen and the left camera projected to the left half of the screen, creating a side-by-side image. stereogram. The software also allows for optional real-time anatomical correction of the examination view at the touch of an on-screen button or via a wired remote. The test media is then projected onto the virtual reality set so that the image from the right camera is projected onto the right side of the virtual reality goggles and seen by the examinee’s right eye, and the image from the left camera is projected onto the left side. on the side of the virtual reality glasses and seen by the examiner’s left eye.
Figure 1 (THE) A schematic diagram and (B) is the current prototype of a fully digital binocular indirect virtual video ophthalmoscope, which consists of two mini cameras, a light source, a virtual reality set, a connection console and a smartphone.
The prototype was first tested and adjusted on three different schematic eyes, including the Ocular Imaging Eye Model (Ocular Instruments Inc. Bellevue, WA, USA), the RetCam Digital Retinal Camera Practice Kit (Massie Research Laboratories Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA ) and Reti Eye Model (Gulden Ophthalmics, Elkins Park, PA, USA). The LED lamp has been tested for light intensity and spectrum for safety to the human eye. The light intensity was 3.8 mW/cm2 (the safety limits are at least 1 order of magnitude below the safety limit defined by ISO15004-2.2, which is 706 mW/cm2)7,8 and the light spectrum fell entirely within the safe visible spectrum with no ultraviolet or infrared composition.
Binocular, stereoscopic indirect ophthalmoscopy was then attempted in 15 eyes of 15 patients in dim light after dilating the pupils with Tropicamide 1% eye drops, without digital real-time anatomical correction of the examination view. Attached video output was attempted to another virtual reality set for observer viewing in 10 patients and to an external monitor in 5 patients.
Binocular, virtual, stereoscopic indirect ophthalmoscopy can be successfully tested on the three schematic model eyes with this prototype, together with the +20 diopter indirect ophthalmoscopy lens.
Binocular video stereo ophthalmoscopic media could be obtained for all patients (n = 15). The anatomical correction of the examination view was successful in all patients (n = 15) (Fig. 2 and Additional Video). The adjunctive teaching view can be simultaneously streamed for each patient to a different virtual reality glasses (10 out of 10 patients) and a monitor screen (5 out of 5 patients).
Figure 2 Indirect retinal photography (THE) optical disc, (B) macula and (C) peripheral retinal pathologies.
The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy with a newly designed fully digital binocular indirect ophthalmoscope that replaces the traditional optical system of BIO with two side-by-side mini-cameras. This achieves the goal of reducing the examiner’s IPD and enabling virtual binocular indirect simultaneous visualization through the subject’s pupil and projecting two images of the fundus view onto the corresponding screen of a virtual reality set. This allows the examiner to see the fundus virtually and binocularly in real time.
Traditional BIOs cannot record the examination in pictures or videos. Video-capable BIOs are significantly more expensive, larger in size, provide 2D recordings, and may be limited by decentralization of the camera’s view from the examiner’s view, requiring frequent adjustments.4 In our design, the video examination of the fundus seen by the examiner is simultaneously recorded in a stereoscopic 3D side-by-side format.
The image of the fundus seen by the examiner during the traditional BIO examination is inverted and turned sideways compared to the true anatomical orientation.1 With our described design, the anatomical correction of the examination view can be achieved during a real-time examination by digital horizontal inversion and vertical inversion of two side-by-side images of the fundus examination. Although the skill of anatomical interpretation of the BIO image is usually acquired during the years of residency training,3 providing the possibility of an anatomically corrected view can make this part of the BIO examination more comfortable.
Ophthalmology trainees can observe the results of the ophthalmology examination through an additional educational mirror attached to the front of the traditional BIO devices. These teaching mirrors provide a 2D image of the examiner’s view9 which the trainee can see in a narrow window between the examiner and the patient, which may be uncomfortable for the patient. In video-enabled BIOs, students can view test results in 2D, in real time or after the test on a connected monitor.5 Kong et al described the use of two additional cameras with traditional BIO to provide a 3D view to students.10 This makes the BIO bulkier, more difficult to wear, and does not prevent the students’ vision from being distracted from the view seen by the examiner. Our design provides ophthalmology students with a real-time stereoscopic 3D view of the eye exam, which is identical to the image seen by the examiner. The examination can be recorded in 2D or 3D for documentation and clinical education. Limitations of our current temporary prototype include the use of commercially available affordable mini-cameras and virtual reality headsets, as our goal at this point was only proof of concept. We believe that by further developing mini cameras and designing them individually, we can make the view even better and make the device more compact.
We describe the novel design of a BIO device suitable for video recording, which replaces the complex optical system of the traditional BIO with two mini cameras placed next to each other. Benefits of this novel design include optional real-time anatomical correction of the examiner’s fundus view and optional identical capture of the examiner’s BIO view in stereoscopic 3D and 2D, which can improve clinical documentation and education.
Data sharing statement
The data used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This report was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Ophthalmological Research Institute and followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participating patients.
The design described in this article is related to an international patent pending by Dr. Omar Solyman (PCT # PCT/US2021/071604).
No funding to report.
Dr. Omar Solyman initiated the launch of ophthalmic hardware and software solutions for Wadjet: the Eye Gadget. The design of the prototype described in this article is related to a pending international patent by Dr. Omar Solyman (PCT # PCT/US2021/071604). The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.
1. Brockhurst RJ, Tour RL. Modern indirect ophthalmic examination. Am J Ophthalmol. 1956;41(2):265–272. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(56)92021-9
2. Kothari M, Kothari K, Kadam S, Mota P, Chipade S. Conversion of conventional wired halogen illuminated indirect ophthalmoscope to wireless LED illuminated indirect ophthalmoscope at less than Rs 1000/-. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2015;63(1):42–45. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.151466
3. Rai AS, Rai AS, Mavrikakis E, Lam WC. Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy training for beginners using an augmented reality simulator. Can J Ophthalmol J Can Ophthalmol. 2017;52(5):430–434. doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2017.02.015
4. Vantage Plus Digital Instructions Manual. Available at: https://support.keeler-global.com/_manuals/Indirect%20Ophthlmoscopes/Vantage%20Plus%20Digital%20(EP59-09863-art-F)/EP59-09863-art-F.pdf.
5. Sridhar J, Shahlaee A, Mehta S, et al. The utility of structured video, indirect, ophthalmoscope-guided education in improving the self-confidence and skills of resident ophthalmologists. Ophthalmol Retina. 2017;1(4):282–287. doi:10.1016/j.oret.2016.12.010
6. Ho T, Lee TC, Choe JY, Nallasamy S. Evaluation of real-time video of digital indirect ophthalmoscope for telemedicine consultations of retinopathy of prematurity. J Telemed Telecare. 2020;1357633X20958240. doi:10.1177/1357633X20958240
7. Solyman OM, Hamdy O, Abdelkawi SA, Hassan AA. Examining the characteristics of a sample smartphone light-emitting diode (LED) flashlight for the safety of indirect retinal photography. Pan Afr Med J. 2022;43:15. doi:10.11604/pamj.2022.43.15.32963
8. Hong SC, Wynn-Williams G, Wilson G. Safety of iPhone retinal photography. J Med Eng Technol. 2017;41(3):165–169. doi:10.1080/03091902.2016.1264491
9. Saunders RA, Bluestein EC, Berland JE, Donahue ML, Wilson ME, Rust PF. Can non-ophthalmologists screen for retinopathy of prematurity? J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1995;32(5):302–304; discussion 305. doi:10.3928/0191-3913-19950901-08
10. Kong HJ, Cha JP, Seo JM, Hwang JM, Chung H, Kim HC. Development of a cold light indirect ophthalmic video system for sharing stereopsis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc Annu Int Conf. 2007;2007:2219–2222. doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352765


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Zoey Exporting Co. Ltd is a leading manufacturer and trader of industrial laser marking, laser engraving machines, and various other laser machineries. Based in China, the company is committed to delivering china co2 laser marking machine and other high-quality laser machine products to customers worldwide at competitive prices.
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LED lights are found to be quite popular nowadays as the best DIY lighting solution that is applicable for any occasion. And this popularity has finally given rise to COB LED downlights. In the LED light world, COB is considered to be an abbreviation for Chip on Board which is means a package of LED dice directly connected to PCB (circuit board). This LED light sequence is even discovered in the format of flexible strip light therefore it is termed a flip-chip. This is the form of lighting that is in the form of condensed design that significantly reduces the size as well as allows them to get packed closer together along with further miniaturize LED-based lighting.
Jainsons lighting with the hope to provide elegance and sophistication to space has comes with the introduction of LED technology used in the cob downlights. This is the option that does not require any special LED hotspots even if it having minimal space to gain a non-messy lighting solution. The diode used is of larger size that is placed close so that the light could be distributed widely on the surface to get illuminated and help in avoiding the problem of an eyesore. It is available in wide color options and is found to be quite flexible in comparison to other lighting options.
These are Led focused lights using Chip on Board (COB) Led Chips and they are installed in the false ceiling made of POP, Gipsom etc
There are various Applications of COB Downlights as follows:
- Product display Lighting in showrooms and Retail Shops.
- Accent lighting in the homes for beatification
- They are used as niche lights to light up any artefacts or decorative showpiece kept in them.
- Wall highlighting is another use. The focus lights are placed near the wall to create scones of light effect on the wall thus highlighting the wall
The Chip on board ( COB) light have various advantages over the traditional panel diffused lighting as follows:
- They have a single point source of light thus we can focus light with the use of an optics.
- They are a complete package and they don't require a special PCB or mounting of LEDs, thus they are easy to manufacture and easy to maintain and repair.
- Traditional diffused lights are used generally for ambient lighting, thus we need a focus COB light for accent lighting of the place.


AOL lasers engraver cutting machine are widely used in industrial and non-industrial activities for marking, engraving, embellishing and cutting any material, from plastic to metal, to ceramic, to organic materials, etc.
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China Auto Feeding Laser Cutting Machine
Features of China auto feeding laser cutting engraving machine
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Mini Metal Laser Cutting Engraving Machine
1.AOL mini metal laser cutting engraving machine, able to engrave various non-metals, like paper, acrylic, double-color plate, marble, wood, MDF, plywood, textile, leather, glass, etc.
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Metal And Non-metal Laser graver Cutting Engraver
1.AOL laser graver cutter used accurate argon shielded arc welding, to make sure 20 years usage without deformation.
2.AOL laser cutter adopting imported sensor, precise laser cutting head, can cut metal and non-metal materials.
3.Our laser engrave cutting machine adopts high precision collimator for testing to install the guide rail, precision is 0.01mm.
China Laser Paper Cutting Engraving Machine
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1325 Acrylic Metal Laser Cutting Machine
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Small Mini Laser Engraving Machine
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CCD Camera Laser Cutting Engraving Machine
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Textile Fabric Auto Feeding Laser Cutter
Auto-Feeding Double Heads Laser Cutting Machine adopt the auto-feeding system working table, used to cut soft materials in rolls automatically. This laser cutting machines equipped with double cutting heads and auto feeding system, especially suitable to the mass laser cutting and engraving of appliqué embroidery, textile, fabric etc.