Orhtokeratology, or Ortho-K is the use of specifically designed and fitted hard contact lenses to temporarily re-shape the corneal surface to improve distance vision. It has been a great option for those who are nearsighted and want clear vision without the use of glasses, daytime contact lens wear or do not want to undergo refractive (Laser) surgery. Ortho-K lenses are worn at night and reshape the eye while you sleep. Vision improvements are only maintained as long as you continue to sleep with the lenses as directed.
Nearsighted or myopic individuals typically have a steeper cornea, this causes light not be properly focused on the retina resulting in distance blur. Ortho-K lenses rest just above the corneal surface on a thin layer of a tears. The lenses put pressure on this tear layer which then causes the central cornea to flatten. The now flatter cornea can now properly focus distance images clearly on the retina. While rigid enough to reshape the cornea, the lenses also allow oxygen to pass through keeping your eyes healthy overnight. When ortho-k lenses are removed in the morning the cornea stays flattened for a while and vision is corrected without the need for glasses. If you stop wearing the lenses at night, your eyes will eventually go back to their original shape and distance blur will return. You have to keep wearing the lenses regularly to keep the vision correction.
Until you get used to them, you may feel the lenses until you fall asleep. As treatment progresses, the lenses typically become much more comfortable. Proper lens hygiene is very important with children and adolescents who are treated with Ortho-K as there is a risk of infection with any contact lens wear.
It typically takes 1-10 days to obtain optimal results, Ortho-K is one of the best ways at reducing the eyes elongation, showing an average of 60% reduction in myopia. However, not everyone is a candidate for Ortho-K. You Optometrist will perform numerus measurements to determine ones candidacy


Congratulations to Riccardo Franchi for winning a 2021 Optics and Photonics Education Scholarship by SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics, for his potential contributions to the field of optics, photonics or related field.
Riccardo Franchi is a PhD student in the Nanoscience Laboratory at the University of Trento and participates in the Transdisciplinary PhD program of Q@TN. His research interests include the study of integrated structures for the Electric Field Induced Second Order Nonlinearities (EFISON) in silicon, the Lorentz reciprocity breaking and the topological behavior of matrices of non-Hermitian microresonators. Riccardo’s project is focused on the generation of mid-infrared entangled photons using the EFI-SPDC in silicon waveguide with lateral p-i-n junctions. He currently serves as the Vice President of the SPIE Student Chapter at the University of Trento.
You can find the full SPIE press release here:


KANDAO - Professional 3D 360° VR Camera
KanDao Technology is a Shenzhen based company that redefines VR camera Hardware & Software. After designing their first product, a 360 Vr camera called Obsidian, we handled their rebranding.
The Kandao Obsidian honors its name having been awarded Best of Innovation in the Digital Imaging category, CES 2017. With its elegant design and professional-grade imaging capability, it offers a rich plethora of features to VR content professionals.
Founded in January 2016, Kandao Technology is a high-tech company specializing in virtual reality technology research and
development. Dedicated to providing high-end professional imagery software solution and hardware manufacture for VR/AR content creation, Kandao Technology is committed to delivering evolutional digital imaging products that will change the way of how people see and connect with the world.
The camera uses six fish-eye lenses to capture an immersive 360, 3D view. The camera is available in two formats, the Obsidian R which prioritizes resolution with 8K video at 30 fps, and the Obsidian S that puts the focus on frame rate, and can boast of 4K video at a speedy 120 fps frame rate. Both cameras have three different video modes, as well as the ability to record RAW still photos in the DNG format. Only a 3D 360° panorama video can give a true sense of immersion, a key to bringing the virtual reality world to its audience. Kandao Obsidian utilizes a deep-learning stitching method, automatically generating high quality stereoscopic panoramas.
The camera, named the Obsidian has garnered a "Best Of Innovation Honoree" award at CES 2017 in Las Vegas as well as a German design award winner in 2018 and was one of the cameras singled out for praise by Facebook's VR engineer director, Brian Cabral.


Fire /flame sensor module
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This module is sensitive to the flame and radiation. It also can detect ordinary light source in the range of of a wavelength 760nm-1100 nm. It can be used as a flame alarm or in fire fighting robots.
Detects a flame or a light source of a wavelength in the range of 760nm-1100 nm.
Detection range: up to 100 cm.
Adjustable detection range.
Detection angle about 60 degrees, it is sensitive to the flame spectrum.
Comparator chip LM393 makes module readings stable.
Operating voltage 3.3V-5V.
Digital and Analog Output.
Power indicator and digital switch output indicator.
No customer reviews for the moment.


|Home||» Products||» Glass Dome||» Glass Dome|
- Minimum Order Quantity
- Unit of Measure
- subject to quantity required USD ($)
- Optical glass, fused silica, Sapphire, Si, Ge, ZnS, MgF2...
- dia 10 - 400mm
A dome is composed of two parallel surfaces, which are curved. Compared with any other optical components, it has no optical effect in the optical design.
Domes can be used in pods and missiles. They are designed to protect electronic detectors and sensors from moving particles, water and corrosives while extending their viewing angles. Also they are ideal for underwater environments and in applications such as camera dome ports and submersible window.
We provide hemisphere domes and hyperhemisphere domes. They are produced by polishing and can be manufactured to specification from a variety of materials. Optical glass, fused silica, sapphire, IR crystals, as well as transparent ceramic are commonly used.
N-BK7 or equivalent, offers a tough, cost effective solution for visible range applications while Fused Silica is ideal for wavelengths below 400nm.
- With different shape, hemisphere, hyper hemisphere, cutting
- A variety of materials available
- From small to big size, diameter up to 400mm
BK7, Fused silica, Sapphire, Si, Ge, GaAs, ZnS, ZnSe, MgF2, Spinel, IR glass, etc.
dia 10 ~ dia400mm
+/- 0.04 - +/- 0.2mm
+/- 0.02mm ~ +/- 0.15mm
R10 ~ infinite
40/20 ~ 80/60
Lambda/2 ~ 4 Lambda
0.1 ~ 1.0
30 arc seconds - 5 arc minutes
HEBBAR coating, diamond like coating, filter coating, beamsplitter coating, protective coating, etc.
< 3% max
- FOB Port
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- Delivery Time
- 5 Week
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- Sample costs shipping and taxes has to be paid by the buyer
- Packaging Details
- Provide our standard package
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- Africa, Middle East, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, South America, North America, Australia, Asia
- Main Domestic Market
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- Polarized blue mirrored lens blocks out harmful UV in daytime sun
- Amber lens reduces blinding glare at night or increases definition on days with less sunlight
- Electro Clear lens makes any electronic screen easier to read, indoors or out
- Powerful magnetic frames hold lenses firmly in place
- Easily change lenses with a snap
- No clips or holders, just super strong magnets
Magic Vision Glasses
The TVFIRE Magic Vision Glasses is a new concept in the field of vision glasses. The basic purpose of these glasses is to provide adequate assistance to the wearer regardless of the day and night. These glasses actually come with a three in 1 pack that includes the transparent lenses. This lens can be used to protect the eyes of the wearer from any foreign material as dust, dirt or small particles. Users can wear the transparent lens all the time as it doesn’t affect the normal eyesight of the user. Furthermore, the clear lens helps to read text from the several electronic devices as ATM machines, tablets, smartphones and so on.
The TVFIRE Magic Vision Glasses is accompanied by two different lenses as the polarized lens and the Amber lens. We will discuss the benefits of both the lenses in detail. The polarized lenses are the much improved form of the traditional tainted sunglasses. Moreover, these types of sunglasses have gained tremendous amount of appreciation and popularity over other sunglasses because of their distinctive features. When it comes to benefits, then there are countless benefits of the polarized lenses. These glasses are designed for all those individuals who fond of spending much of their time in outdoor activities.


Online shopping for Celestron from a great selection at Electronics Store.Celestron C2570: The Celestron 25 x 70mm SkyMaster gives you seriously high power at a surprisingly low price.Each SkyMaster model features high quality BAK-4 prisms and multi-coated optics for enhanced contrast.
Whether you are an astronomer or like to do some high magnification panoramic terrestrial observation, the SkyMaster series guarantees crisp and.
SkyMaster models feature high quality BAK-4 prisms and multi-coated optics for enhanced contrast.Its large aperture and 15x magnification is ideal for astronomical and terrestrial viewing.Despite a light weight design, the SkyMaster 15x70 have a nice weighty feel that gives users an assured feel of quality.
Find great deals on eBay for skymaster binoculars and celestron binoculars.
We carry products from Antares, GSO (Guan Sheng), Blue Fireball, Meade, Baader Planetarium, William Optics, Oberwerk, Telrad, Lumicon, Celestron, Rigel Systems, David Chandler Company and under our own Agena label.Celestron 20 X 80 SkyMaster Binocular has 20x magnification porro prism being suitable both for terrestrial and astronomical view.Due to a 27-day-old moon, the sky will also be dark enough to enjoy the spectacle.I read Astronomy Magazine and in one of their article comparing binoculars, the Celestron Skymaster 15x70 were rated one of the best buys for your money.
These features produce improved vision with brighter resolution, which is of top importance for quality binoculars.Agena AstroProducts - Telescopes, Binoculars and Accessories for Astronomy Enthusiast with FREE US Shipping.SkyMaster models feature high quality BaK-4 prisms and multi-coated optics for enhanced contrast.


At present, most of the professional non-contact scanners in the market adopt the arrangement of the imaging lens and linear CCD. When scanning books, ancient books, newspapers and other original parts, use the change of distance to maintain the correct focus. In the scanning process, the linear CCD sensor will capture the information in the original in the order of red, green and blue lines. When the CCD processor converts these lines into the correct order, the image is composed of the full resolution of RGB value, without the phenomenon of lacking colour channel of matrix CCD.
The linear CCD sensor can convert the light signal on the surface of the original book into an electrical signal. The colour filter provides a very high colour saturation for red, green and blue continuous CCD elements, which is the characteristic of a typical linear CCD scanner. The pixel size of high-quality linear CCD is quite large, 10 μ m × 10 μ m is a typical pixel size value. Larger pixel sizes can help reduce noise and other possible effects on image quality.
In the scanning system, reducing the lens quality has a great influence on the image quality. However, if compared with the lens in the matrix CCD sensor module, the effect is much smaller. Because only the middle part of the lens is used effectively when the lens is collecting images. To get the same image quality as linear CCD, the lens of a matrix CCD sensor must be twice the diameter of the linear CCD sensor. Even in this way, the matrix CCD lens will have an obvious colour difference, geometric distortion and strong loss at the corner.
Matrix CCD sensor module uses a planar CCD composed of very small pixels. At present, the matrix CCD sensors are all arranged on a standard Bayer filter by two green, one red and one blue pixel according to the rule of four times. By using this technology, two times of green channel and four times of red and blue channel are reduced in image acquisition. Therefore, compared with a linear CCD sensor, the biggest disadvantage of matrix CCD is that it will produce quite a lot of noise, and the collected colour is not accurate. These matrix CCD image sensors are not suitable for scanners because they are good at taking pictures rather than scanning. The original intention of the matrix CCD sensor design is not to replace the scanner design, but to get different images according to the different focal length of the target at different far and near positions.
If you still have confuse on how to buy a properly a3 book scannerocr document scanner, multi page scanner or camera scanner,please contact us for more suggestions.
Size matters – our goal when we founded iCodis was to accelerate the development of increasingly small and powerful devices. To achieve this exciting dream, we brought together a team of highly skilled engineers and developers to create innovative and futuristic products.
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Provides Mars Rover
The ChemCam instrument has completed the first short leg of its long trip to Mars, arriving at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory from Los Alamos National Laboratory for installation aboard the next Mars rover, due to launch in late 2011. The NASA Mars Science Laboratory project's rover, named Curiosity, will carry the newly delivered laser instrument to reveal which elements are present in Mars' rocks and soils up to 7 meters (23 feet) away from the rover.
By firing intense pulses of laser light at distant targets, the ChemCam instrument uses a technique called laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to measure the chemical content of the target samples. The laser beam vaporizes a pinhead-sized area on the target. A spectral analyzer then peers closely at the flash of light from the vaporized sample. Atoms ablated in ionized states emit light and each sample yields spectral emissions at unique wavelengths, revealing the elements present in the material.
Like fingerprints, the emission line wavelengths can be matched to a library of known chemical compounds. Even dust-covered rocks will reveal their inner secrets to the ChemCam interrogation. On such samples, the laser first cleans away the dust or weathering coatings before performing the rock analysis. There is no need to drive the rover to within reach of the target rock.
ChemCam is the first instrument of its kind. "We brought together a lot of new ideas to make this instrument a reality. It has been exciting to see this invention come together," said Los Alamos National Laboratory's scientist Roger Wiens, the instrument's principal investigator.
The goal of Curiosity, a rolling laboratory, is to assess whether Mars ever had an environment capable of supporting microbial life and conditions favorable for preserving clues about life, if it existed. Curiosity is by far the biggest and most capable robot ever destined for Mars. It is nuclear-powered and comparable in size to a small car. The capsule that will be used to carry the rover into the Mars atmosphere is even larger than the Apollo capsule that housed three astronauts for missions to the moon. ChemCam is one of 10 instrument packages contained on the rover. The other instruments are capable of identifying minerals, sniffing out organic materials, observing the weather and radiation environment, and drilling several centimeters into the Martian rocks.
The ChemCam instrument was conceived, designed, and built by a U.S.-French team, led by Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, and France's Centre for the Study of Radiation and space agency, Centre National d'Études Spatiales.
Curiosity is due to launch from Florida in November of 2011 and is expected to arrive at Mars in August 2012.


Fluorescein. Medicinsk sök
PDF Gastrointestinal tract volume measurement method
The same solution was used to record an emission wavelength scan of ICG on a Hitachi F4500 fluorometer (at an excitation of 633 nm). Spectra are normalized to the peak values. The laser line used for confocal fluorescence microscopy is The absorbance of disassembled nanoparticles was measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy at 780 nm. The amount of ICG in levan nanoparticles was estimated by comparing of ICG absorbance calibration curve.
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ICG in dextrose solution (DEX) exhibited similar absorbance to that in DW, with a Aug 15, 2013 Our analyses of absorption and fluorescence spectra indicate that the peak absorbance of ICG associated with its monomeric form increases in May 18, 2017 It has an absorption maximum of ~780–800 nm (depending on the The ICG absorbance signal in liposomes remained stable even after For comparison, absorption spectra of ICG dissolved in water and BSS plus solution were measured in relation to ICG concentration and time using an Jul 22, 2015 RGD-PLS-ICG and PLS-ICG had a higher UV absorbance spectrum and stability than free-ICG. Confocal microscopy and ﬂow cytometry Absorbance and fluorescence value of ICG. ICG emits a flash of light with a wavelength of 806nm. The peak spectral absorption of ICG diluted in human blood is Feb 25, 2012 “The key with ICG is that, because of the absorption characteristics of the eye, you are looking at the infrared spectrum of wavelength, so that May 27, 2018 At World Laparoscopy Hospital now we have atarted using ICG during absorption averaging at 805 nm in blood plasma or simply the blood. Fluorescein and ICG Angiography are used to image the posterior layers of the eye. Generally it allows the physician an better understanding of the disease From UV to NIR and longer wavelengths, absorbance measurements provide valuable information about the chemical composition of materials in all states of Indocyanine Green Angiography. Kirby R. Miller Jervey Eye Group Greenville, S.C..
The amount of ICG in levan nanoparticles was estimated by comparing of ICG absorbance calibration curve. The percentage efficiency of ICG encapsulation was calculated by Eq. (1): ICG encapsulation efficiency (%)(PBS= (1) 1 0 0 absorbance values below A 1, and an asymptotic temperature limit for absorbance values above A 1.
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Considering the in vivo conditions, ICG stability of each ICG sample was also checked at 37 C. The absorbance of both of free and emulsion-loaded ICG gradually decreased during 12 days of 2018-03-29 · The ICG degrades quickly in aqueous solutions and loses its absor-bance peak at 800nm . Absorbance is used to measure the leakage from the liposomes and degradation of the ICG molecules. The ICG amount was analyzed using a Varioskan Flash plate reader in black clear bottom well plates (Corning Inc., Corning, NY, USA).
AU 710880 B2 - Nucleic Acid And Amino Acid Sequences
ICG is an indicator and a weak acid with a pKa of 3.27. In bile stabilized with 25% methanol, the precision of the method (CV) is 5% and the accuracy is 106–127%. An important motivation for using ICG in such studies is that its absorption peak (∼800 nm) and its most intense fluorescence (∼820 nm) are at wavelengths for which blood and other tissues are relatively transparent,. The peak optical absorption wavelength of ICG is approximately 800 nm, with a fluorescence wavelength of approximately 810 nm in water and 840 nm in the blood. These wavelengths cannot be observed by the naked eye, while the use of video camera with high sensitivity in the near-infrared wavelength is used for measuring ICG fluorescence.
The photobleaching of ICG have been previously demonstrated as a result of a process involving photo-sensitization to form 1 O 2, dioxetane formation, and then dioxetane cleavage resulting into …
Fig. 5 Absorbance spectra normalized to the monomeric peak =780 nm at t=0 for both freely dissolved ICG and MCs at 48 h of incubation at 40C.
Basta tecknade filmer
The hydrodynamic size, polydispersity, and zeta potential of liposomal ICG were measured using dynamic light scattering (Zetasizer Nano ZS90; Malvern Instruments). A) ICG was dissolved in distilled water at a concentration of 3 µg/ml and the absorbance (grey cycles) was measured on a Hitachi U-2000 spectrophotometer. The same solution was used to record an emission wavelength scan of ICG on a Hitachi F4500 fluorometer (at an excitation of 633 nm).
dynamisk in vivo Imaging av upptag och clearance process av ICG i i sagittal sinus (SS) på grund av ökningar i optisk absorption av icg vid
av GA Sonn · 2016 · Citerat av 40 — green (ICG) has been utilized clinically in prostatectomy as a probe. Cy5 Maleimide (649 nm absorbance, 670 nm emission) was purchased
We can measure 10-7 absorption changes with lock-in de- tection. Detailed The laser-induced effect appeared to be confined to the ICG stained area of the
green (ICG) into bladder tumor was utilized to enhance PAI image contrast.
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Stefan Karlsson - Researcher at RISE Glass - RISE Research
However, the major challenge in applying ICG molecules for antitumor therapy is associated with their instability in aqueous conditions and rapid clearance from blood circulation, which causes insufficient bioavailability at the tumor site. B) Normalized absorbance profiles of DPBF in solutions with d‐Cu‐LDH, free ICG, and d‐Cu‐LDH/ICG ([DPBF] = 20 μg mL −1, [Cu] = 100 μg mL −1, [ICG] = 20 μg mL −1). “+L” means 808 nm laser irradiation at the power density of 0.5 W cm −2 for 10 min.
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Using the NIR/ICG green mode offers intensive fluores-cence and detailed delineation against the surrounding tissue. ICG absorbs red light about 740~800nm [ 13–16] and emits fluorescent light peaking at 830nm in blood and 820nm in aqueous solution [ 17–19 ]. The quantum efficiency of ICG is low, 0.3% in water and 1.2% in blood [ 20 ]. It emitted most intense fluorescence light at 40μM in triple distilled water under 740nm light source [ 21 ]. ICG has somewhat bizarre light absorption behavior as a function of concentration because it tends to aggegrate in water at high concentrations. This means that the effective absorption does not increase linearly with increasing concentration. Furthermore, ICG tends to degrade with exposure to light.
Ett molekylproteinkomplex fluorofor med högt kvantitetsutbyte
The main medical use of ICG arises from its ability to bind with albumin39,40 and is therefore extensively used in the labeling of HSA.41,42 ICG has a binding constant of 5.7 43105 M 1 to HSA and results in a bathochromic shift (red shift) of the ICG absorbance (ESI†, Fig. S1) which in turn increases the fluores-cence quantum yield (f F = 0.040). the ICG absorbance at 785 nm with the standard curve of absorbance of free ICG dissolved in 80% methanol at various concentrations. The hydrodynamic size, polydispersity, and zeta potential of liposomal ICG were measured using dynamic light scattering (Zetasizer Nano ZS90; Malvern Instruments).
The Molar Extinction Coefficient Defined.


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Glass has evolved far beyond its traditional role as a mere transparent barrier. In the realm of architecture and design, the demand for high-performance glass is steadily rising. As a leading glass processing company in India, www.gaaptuff.com is at the forefront of this evolution, providing innovative solutions to meet diverse needs. This blog explores the various types of high-performance glass and their applications, shedding light on the unique features that set them apart in the industry.
What Sets High-Performance Glass Apart?
The Marvels of Tempered Glass
Tempered glass is a game-changer when it comes to safety and durability. Engineered through a process of controlled thermal or chemical treatments, tempered glass is significantly stronger than standard glass. It undergoes rapid cooling to create a balanced internal structure, making it resistant to breakage. In the event of breakage, tempered glass shatters into small, blunt fragments, reducing the risk of injury.
Gaaptuff.com, one of the best glass companies in India, specializes in providing top-quality tempered glass. This type of glass finds wide applications in sliding shower glass doors, staircase railing designs with glass, and various architectural elements where safety and strength are paramount.
The Crystal Clarity of Low-E Glass
Low-emissivity (Low-E) glass is designed to regulate the amount of heat and light that passes through it. This high-performance glass is coated with a thin, invisible layer of metal oxide that reflects infrared light while allowing visible light to pass through. The result is improved insulation and reduced energy consumption, making Low-E glass an excellent choice for sustainable building designs.
Gaaptuff.com’s commitment to sustainability is evident in its offerings of Low-E glass solutions. This type of glass is commonly used in energy-efficient windows, glass facades, and other applications where thermal performance is a priority.
Dynamic Designs with Laminated Glass
Laminated glass is a versatile solution that combines layers of glass with an interlayer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). The lamination process enhances the structural integrity of the glass, providing additional strength and safety benefits. In case of breakage, the interlayer holds the shattered glass in place, preventing it from falling apart.
Gaaptuff.com, as a leading toughened glass manufacturer, offers a range of laminated safety glass options. Beyond safety, laminated glass allows for dynamic design possibilities, making it an ideal choice for glass partitions, decorative elements, and structural glazing.
Smart Solutions with Switchable Glass
Switchable glass, also known as smart glass or privacy glass, offers a futuristic solution for controlling transparency. Through the application of a special film or electrochromic technology, switchable glass can change from transparent to opaque with the flip of a switch or the push of a button. This feature is especially useful in spaces where privacy is a concern or where natural light needs to be optimized.
Gaaptuff.com caters to the demand for smart solutions by providing high-quality switchable glass options. Applications include conference rooms, healthcare facilities, and residential spaces where the ability to control visibility is essential.
Insulating with Insulated Glass
Insulated glass, commonly known as double-glazed or IGU (Insulating Glass Unit), is designed to enhance thermal insulation. It consists of two or more glass panes separated by a spacer filled with air or gas, creating a sealed unit. This design reduces heat transfer, making insulated glass an effective solution for controlling indoor temperatures and improving energy efficiency.
Gaaptuff.com, with its expertise in glass manufacturing, offers insulated glass solutions suitable for various climates and building types. Common applications include windows, doors, and facades in both residential and commercial structures.
Applications of High-Performance Glass
The versatility of high-performance glass extends to a myriad of applications, showcasing its adaptability in diverse settings:
1. Sliding Shower Glass Doors: Tempered glass, renowned for its strength and safety features, is an ideal choice for sliding shower glass doors. Gaaptuff.com’s tempered glass options combine functionality with a sleek and modern aesthetic.
2. Staircase Railing Design with Glass: Laminated glass opens up innovative possibilities in staircase railing designs. Its structural strength and the ability to incorporate decorative elements make it a popular choice for both residential and commercial spaces.
3. Glass Partitions: Laminated glass and switchable glass play a crucial role in creating modern and flexible interior spaces. Glass partitions contribute to an open and airy environment while maintaining privacy and functionality.
In conclusion, the evolution of high-performance glass has revolutionized the way we approach design, safety, and energy efficiency in architecture. As a leading glass processing company in India, www.gaaptuff.com continues to push the boundaries of innovation, offering a diverse range of high-quality glass solutions. From tempered glass for robust safety to switchable glass for smart and dynamic environments, the applications of high-performance glass are vast and varied. As the demand for sustainable and efficient building materials grows, high-performance glass stands as a beacon of progress in the field of modern architecture.


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OFFER VALID until August 31, 2015.
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Dry eye assessment and tear testing are made easy with the new OCULUS Keratograph 5M
The new high-resolution colour camera and integrated magnification changer open up entirely new perspectives in professional tear film analysis including a quintet of analyses:
· Non-Invasive Tear Film Breakup Analysis
· Lipid Layer Analysis
· Tear Meniscus Height
· Bulbar And Limbal Redness
INNOVA is excited to announce the launch of NIDEK's New Retina Scan Duo™ Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), featuring a high definition OCT and full featured fundus camera in one compact system.
The Retina Scan Duo™ features NIDEK’s 3-D auto tracking, auto shot, and user-friendly interface allowing rapid and easy capture of excellent quality images. Alignment is simple and both the OCT and colour fundus images are captured in one single shot. Customized imaging workups are easily set so any technician can immediately capture exceptional images.
The number of young people who are being diagnosed with serious eye conditions is thought to be growing, according to a survey of Optometrists released today. The study saw two thirds of Optometrists say they have seen an increase in conditions such as Dry Eye disease and Blepharitis, while almost half are concerned that people will start losing their sight or suffering from conditions such as glaucoma, cataracts and age-related macular degeneration at a younger age.


The misunderstanding of the heat of the lamps comes from the warmth of the sun and classic incandescent or halogen lamps.
In fact, its warmth comes from a large amount of infrared radiation in its spectrum. That may be high enough to use incandescent lamps to keep the food in the fast-food restaurant warm.
In contrast, white LEDs and fluorescent lamps have a cold light source because they do not have infrared radiation.
- Then why do LED lamps heat up?
- Spectral comparison of LED (blue line), fluorescent (green line) and sun (orange line) and incandescent/halogen (purple line)
- The light output will temporarily decrease at high temperature
- Permanently reduced LED light output (lumen attenuation)
- SOLERIQ® S | OSRAM
- The color temperature of the white light changes
- LED is completely faulty
- Common heat dissipation methods for LED lamps
Then why do LED lamps heat up?
First, what is the cold light source?
The so-called cold light source is an illuminating light source that contains almost no infrared spectrum.
Spectral comparison of LED (blue line), fluorescent (green line) and sun (orange line) and incandescent/halogen (purple line)
An LED is a cold light source, and the light it emits is almost visible light. The visible wavelength is between 380 and 780 nm.
The electric energy of the LED light source is converted into light energy of only about 30%, and the other energy is converted into heat energy, which is transmitted by heat conduction. Therefore, LED lamps will be hot.
The traditional incandescent lamp is the heat source. Traditional incandescent lamps convert only 2-3% of electrical energy into light energy (visible light), and the rest is radiated in the form of infrared light.
The cold light source is characterized by almost all other energy being converted into visible light, and other wavelengths of light are few.
The thermal light source is different. In addition to visible light, there is a large amount of infrared light, and a considerable part of the energy is converted into infrared light that does not contribute to the illumination.
So will this heat affect LED lamps?
The answer is yes. And some of the effects are irreversible.
The light output will temporarily decrease at high temperature
Temperature not only affects the life of the LED for a long time but also has a direct impact on its performance. Just as a mobile phone is below zero degrees Celsius, the response speed of the mobile phone will slow down and the battery will run out faster. The LED output will be affected to varying degrees when the LED is too low or too high.
The figure below shows the performance of several different brands of LED chips at different temperatures. At 75 ° C, the performance of LEDs may be 5%-70% lower than we expected (in the datasheet).
Permanently reduced LED light output (lumen attenuation)
SOLERIQ® S | OSRAM
Before the “weakest connection” inside the LED reaches the breakpoint, it and other materials suffer a gradual and permanent abrupt change, permanently reducing the light output of the LED.
77 degrees Fahrenheit or 25 degrees Celsius is a near-universal temperature standard, and the lighting manufacturer calculates the L70 rating based on this standard. Typically, the LED should be replaced when it loses 30% of its initial light output. The equivalent statement is “Light output is 70% of the initial value(l70)”. This is the actual meaning of LED life, not the time when the LED is completely ineffective.
The degradation of the material inside the LED to the speed we need to replace (lifetime L70, 30% light loss) depends to a large extent on the operating temperature, the quality of the material and the design of the LED package. As shown in the two figures, the LED may lose 30% of the light in thousands of hours or more than 200,000 hours.
The color temperature of the white light changes
In addition to lifetime and performance, temperature also affects the color (color temperature) of white light. Inferior materials or inadequate design can change when exposed to high temperatures, causing the white light of the LED to permanently become almost blue.
LED is completely faulty
Most materials that make up an LED will not resist at high temperatures, and the LED will fail when the “weakest connection” reaches the point of the break. This concept is easy to understand.
70% of LED faults come from excessive temperatures, and at half the rated power, the rate of failure doubles for every 20°C rise in temperature.
Common heat dissipation methods for LED lamps
In order to provide a practical cooling solution for high-brightness LED luminaires, the cooling technology must be low-energy and suitable for different types of luminaires, with a life similar to or higher than the source.
LED lamp housing heat dissipation depends on the power level and the place of use. There are mainly the following cooling methods:
Air hydrodynamic heat dissipation
Air fluid mechanics uses the shape of the lamp envelope to create convective air, which is the lowest-cost way to enhance heat dissipation.
Thermally conductive plastic case
Fill the thermally conductive material during injection molding of the plastic case to increase the heat conduction and heat dissipation capability of the plastic case.
This is the most common way to dissipate heat, using aluminum fins as part of the enclosure to increase heat dissipation.
The inside of the fan lamp housing is reinforced with a long-life and high-efficiency fan. However, it is more troublesome to change the fan. This design is more common in large sports lighting fixtures, often with aluminum heat sinking scales.
The temperature has so many variables and effects on LEDs. It’s no surprise that buyers in non-professional areas have huge differences in quality and huge disruptions in the market.
When we buy lamps, especially for large lamps, such as floodlights, street lamps, and high bay lights, we must carefully ask the seller for relevant parameters:
- Chip brand (Nichia, Cree or Osram has always been trustworthy)
- Lamp shell material (die-cast aluminum material is reliable for heat dissipation)
- Whether there is a built-in fan. (there is a fan generally means that the product generates a large amount of heat)
- Warranty period (high-power lamps generally have a 5-year warranty)
Of course, if we buy low-power lamps, we don’t need to consider so many factors.


We are proud to announce our newest and largest dedicated Hydrogen-alpha telescope. Delivery 01/ 11
The LS230THa/PT (pressure tuned) is a complete and dedicated Hydrogen-alpha Solar Telescope with an Image Scale of 3,366
Soon to become the largest aperture Solar Telescope currently available, the LS230THa/PT will provide the highest level of performance ever produced in a Solar Scope.
A precision aligned refractor with a fully un-obstructed 230mm Aperture.
The 100% unobstructed system will perform to the highest level at both low and high magnifications. Utilizing advanced hi-contrast coatings and the new Doppler True Pressure Tuning system the user will be able to experience an un-paralleled level of visual and imaging performance.
The system is designed as a dedicated Hydrogen-alpha telescope. Unlike its smaller LS152THa the system is not modular.
Optical Aperture: 230mm (Unobstructed)
Tuning: Internal Pressure Tune (Doppler True Tuning)
Image Scale: 3,366
Focal Length: 1610mm
F Ratio: 7
Focuser: 2" Starlight Instruments Feather Touch
Mounting: Rings with 12" Losmandy style plate and carrying handle
Storage: Aluminum finished hard case with fitted foam
Weight: 70 lbs (estimated)
Required Blocking Filter:
B3400 straight thru installed in the focuser standard
Included Accessories: (see "accessories")
Eyepiece: Lunt Zoom Eyepiece
Sun Finder: Televue Sol Searcher
Mounting: 12" Losmandy Style Dovetail Plate
Eyepieces: Additional Lunt Eyepieces Available (see "eyepieces")
The design of the DSII (internal double-stack) will begin in late 2010. Lunt will release description, specifications, and pricing as it becomes available.
The LS230HaT/PT is available in only one variation
* Standard system with B3400 internal blocking filter and standard 2" Feather touch focuser
Retail Price $ on request


AB - BDI - BL
Beam Loss detectors, wire scanners and gaseous detectors for the PS complex, SPS and LHC.
When a beam passes through a luminescent screen, part of the deposited energy results in excited electrostatic states in the material from which a light emission at a defined wavelength will follow. The light emission originates in impurity inclusions, the so-called activators, in most of the materials used. Luminescent screens are used in all accelerators during the running-up periods and when problems occur. They allow a direct observation of the beam position and shape on a TV monitor. They are necessarily single-pass monitors.
A typical proton machine monitor can have three different screens inserted at 45 degrees in the beam path. The mechanism has a fourth empty position which is used for the free passage of the beam through the monitor. A TV camera observes the light spot generated by the beam passage.
The screen and the detectors characteristics have to be matched to each other. There are two main type of detectors: TV tubes with various photocathode types (which are more resistant to radiation), and solid-state detectors (CCD sensors, for example).
The simplest use of these monitors is to observe the beam-generated light on a TV monitor. In general, a reference grid is deposited on the screen or superimposed optically on the image to get an accurate spatial and dimensional reference. The TV signals can also be recorded on an analog video recorder or on a 'frame grabber' digitizer. For the solid-state detectors, which have a geometrically well-defined matrix structure, it is possible to digitize each picture element (pixel) separately, thus obtaining the best geometrical resolution. Furthermore, owing to their good dynamic range, of the order of 1:1000 in single-shot operation, is is possible to use them to measure beam profiles. These can be used to display density cross-sections, to make projections on a chosen axis, and to plot density contours or 3-D representation of the light, i.e. beam density.
Some luminescent screens (LS) are provided in LEP, most of them mounted on beam stoppers. Being destructive devices to the beam, they can only be used for exploring the first turn trajectory. They are made of chromium doped Al2O3 plates, 2 mm thick. All screens are placed perpendicular to the beam for better image sharpness and are seen through stainless steel mirrors at 45 degrees and a CCD TV camera.
|Number of hits: Updated on 20/06/2003. Send your comments and suggestions concerning this page to Jan Koopman.|


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Speaker: Prof. Peijun Du (Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R.C.)
Organizer: Prof. Fabio Dell’Acqua, PhD Coordinator: Prof. Paolo Di Barba
Over the last two decades, multiple classifier system (MCS) or classifier ensemble has shown great potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing image classification. Although there are lots of literature covering the MCS approaches, there is a lack of a comprehensive literature review which presents an overall architecture of the basic principles and trends behind the design of remote sensing classifier ensemble. This talk will review the remote sensing implementations of MCS and proposes some modified approaches. The effectiveness of existing and improved algorithms are analyzed and evaluated by multi-source remotely sensed images, including high spatial resolution image (QuickBird), hyperspectral image (OMISII) and multi-spectral image (Landsat ETM+). Experimental results demonstrate that MCS can effectively improve the accuracy and stability of remote sensing image classification, and diversity measures play an active role for the combination of multiple classifiers. Furthermore, this survey provides a roadmap to guide future research, algorithm enhancement and facilitate knowledge accumulation of MCS in remote sensing community.


Our image processing systems are designed for a variety of applications and components. This includes e.g. Quality Control, Partial Sorting, OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and Bin-Picking, to name but a few.
With over 10 years of experience in the design, programming and integration of image processing systems, Kirschenhofer Maschinen GmbH delivers powerful Vision applications that improve efficiency and quality. Together with our experience in specialized high-speed handling systems, robots and automation, we provide high quality turnkey image processing solutions.
For the illumination of image processing systems, we provide solutions from our partner TPL-vision, with which we can provide the best lighting for every requirement.
We offer vision applications developed in LabVIEW on basis of niVision , and systems developed in MVtec's Halcon.
We have also developed an interface between Halcon and LabVIEW that enables the use of Halcon applications within the LabVIEW runtime environment. This allows us to leverage the strengths of both programming environments in one application.


Green flashes and green rays are optical phenomena that sometimes occur just before sunset or right after sunrise.
When the conditions are right, a green spot is visible above the upper rim of the disk of the Sun.
The green appearance usually lasts for no more than a second or two.
Rarely, the green flash can resemble a green ray shooting up from the sunset, or sunrise, point.
Green flashes occur because the atmosphere can cause the light from the sun to separate out into different colors.
Green flashes are a group of phenomena which stem from slightly different causes, and therefore some types of green flashes are more common than others.


Li-Fi 100 times faster than Wi-Fi
26 November 2015, Nirapad News: Scientists have reportedly invented a new wireless technology, Li-Fi that transmits high-speed data using visible light communication (VLC).
With scientists achieving speeds of 224 gigabits per second in the lab using Li-Fi earlier this year, the potential for this technology to change everything about the way we use the Internet is huge, reports sciencealert.com.
And now, scientists have taken Li-Fi out of the lab for the first time, trialing it in offices and industrial environments in Tallinn of Estonia, reporting that they can achieve data transmission at 1 GB per second – that’s 100 times faster than current average Wi-Fi speeds.
“We are doing a few pilot projects within different industries where we can utilise the VLC (visible light communication) technology,” Deepak Solanki, CEO of Estonian tech company, Velmenni, told IBTimes UK.
“Currently we have designed a smart lighting solution for an industrial environment where the data communication is done through light. We are also doing a pilot project with a private client where we are setting up a Li-Fi network to access the Internet in their office space.”
Li-Fi was invented by Harald Haas from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland back in 2011, when he demonstrated for the first time that by flickering the light from a single LED, he could transmit far more data than a cellular tower.
The technology uses Visible Light Communication (VLC), a medium that uses visible light between 400 and 800 terahertz (THz). It works basically like an incredibly advanced form of Morse code – just like switching a torch on and off according to a certain pattern can relay a secret message, flicking an LED on and off at extreme speeds can be used to write and transmit things in binary code.
And while you might be worried about how all that flickering in an office environment would drive you crazy, don’t worry – we’re talking LEDs that can be switched on and off at speeds imperceptible to the naked eye.
The benefits of Li-Fi over Wi-Fi, other than potentially much faster speeds, is that because light cannot pass through walls, it makes it a whole lot more secure, and as Anthony Cuthbertson points out at IBTimes UK, this also means there’s less interference between devices.
While Cuthbertson says Li-Fi will probably not completely replace Wi-Fi in the coming decades, the two technologies could be used together to achieve more efficient and secure networks.
Our homes, offices, and industry buildings have already been fitted with infrastructure to provide Wi-Fi, and ripping all of this out to replace it with Li-Fi technology isn’t particularly feasible, so the idea is to retrofit the devices we have right now to work with Li-Fi technology.


The prototypes that have been developed are based on intelligent vision machines endowed with technological features adequate to the events to detect: Goal Line Monitoring (GF); Offside (FG); Game events monitoring inside penalty area (MEGAR).
Vision machines are based on optical remote detecting sensors which operate in the visible area (with infrared only bandwidth). The features of such sensors depend on each prototype due to the type and dynamic of the events to be detected or monitored. Peculiar features of the sensors are the spatial resolution, ranging from 0.5 Mega-pixel for Goal line monitoring prototype to 2 Mega-pixel for FG and MEGAR prototypes, and temporal resolution (the number of acquired images per seconds) ranging form 25 images/sec for the FG prototype, 50 images/sec for MEGAR prototypes up to 200 images/sec for GF prototype.
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The prototypes employ non invasive technologies both for the field structures (field, ball, posts, crossbars, etc.) and the players, referees, assistants and audience. All the machine sensors are placed on the stadium infrastructures (high on the stands) and are quite far from the field so that they do not interfere with audience vision.
GOAL LINE MONITORING
There are two cameras on both sides of each goal post with the focal axis placed in the goal post plane and centering towards the mid point of the white goal line under the cross bar. The position of the four cameras allows the system to evaluate the ball trajectory and to detect if the goal line has been crossed.
Picture shows how the 6 vision machines, observing in couples the whole field, are placed. Each couple acquires continuously, autonomously and independently digital image sequences and processes them.
For each penalty area, two cameras are located on the opposite stands with the optical axes lying on the same vertical centered on the field area to observe and bent so as to intersect the longitudinal symmetry axis of the field. Two more cameras are located on the stands behind the goal in order to monitor the longer side of the penalty area.
Objectivity and immediacy of detected events
The developed systems are able to acquire, record, process and show in real time image sequences of the entire game. Relevant events are detected and reported and are available for a successive analysis in off-line mode.
Support to referees and assistants
relevant events are communicated by the system in real-time, by radio, to the referees with no game interruption, as provided by the FIFA rules. These technologies do not replace the referees and have to be considered as a support system for decision making, since they provide in real-time the system verdict.
Hardware and software technologies of the systems are respectful of privacy and transparency of the recorded events. Each event detected by the system is recorded as a digital video clip, a kind of electronic report of the event. In this way it is possible to have an objective report of the event both in real and deferred time (eg. for training purposes). The reproducibility of the event and the corresponding processing by the prototypes allow objective assessment of the events and a correct decision making process.
The systems have been developed from open and free technologies.
Patents are available according to the regulations for product engineering.
Support systems for the training of referees
Each system is endowed with a user friendly hardware and software multi-media interface for post-game technical analysis of the recorded events.
HIGH SPEED CAMERA GOAL DETECTION


Lg Announce the Next Flagship Smartphone at Mobile World Congress
Almost every smartphone manufacturer is coming up with new technologies in the smartphone, especially when it comes to camera everyone is doing better than others. In this race LG announced its next flagship the G8 Thinq at Mobile World Congress, the smartphone will have a Tof front Camera. The sensor for the camera was developed by the Germon Company Infineon until now there are not many details available about the sensor.
The new sensor chip will be able to measure the object by capturing infrared light reflected from the object in front of it. So all this mean is the camera will also work effectively in a low light situation and will reduce the work for the processor in capturing the image. The Tof Sensor will deliver extra security for face unlock and for VR application.
According to the president of Infineon's power management and Multimarket division, 3D Camera will be the part of every smartphone in the next 5 years and the company will contribute a share towards it.


How does ultraviolet light make things glow?
Ultraviolet light is a special kind of light that we humans can’t normally see. Imagine the colors of light as notes on a piano — a special piano with rainbow keys. The lowest notes are red, then orange, then yellow, all the way up the keyboard to the highest, tinkliest violet notes. Now imagine that that the rainbow keys are just a tiny section of a giant keyboard with a full range of notes. Those keys just past the purple ones? They’re the UV keys. They play notes, just like the purple keys, but the sound they make is too high-pitched for us to hear. It’s the same thing with UV light. However, just because we can’t see UV light doesn’t mean we can’t see what it does.
Glowing from UV light is called fluorescence. Fluorescence was named after the mineral fluroite, the first known fluorescent thing that has a bright blue color.
So what happens to make a fluorescent material glow? Well, when it gets hit by ultraviolet light, the atoms in that material absorb the UV light and become excited. Think of it like how a trampoline bends to absorb the energy from your bounce. The trampoline can’t hold that energy for long, though, so it releases it by springing you upward. The same thing happens with fluorescence: the atoms release their excited energy as visible light. That’s the glow you see.
Humans see fluorescence best in the dark because we can’t see ultraviolet light. It’s outside the range of rainbow colors that our eyes respond to. When invisible UV light makes something fluoresce in the dark, it looks to us like that glow is coming out of nowhere. The glow still happens in daylight too, but we don’t notice it as much because of all the other daylight color we see.
Other animals (like insects, birds, and fish) notice fluorescence even in full daylight because they can see UV light. To them, UV looks like any other color in the rainbow. When a fluorescent thing turns UV light into a different color, it looks to them like if a yellow street lamp made your clothes glow purple instead yellow. Scientists think that the ability to see UV is why some of these animals evolved fluorescent markings.
Fluorescent objects can hide in plain sight. You only see the glow when you turn out the lights and shine a UV light on them. You might be surprised to learn what things can glow at home and out in the world around us.
To experiment more with things that Glow in the Dark, try out our crates and DIY projects: