Fiber to the Home
Leading the Way
Building a home is an investment in the future and part of that future is the infrastructure supporting the community. While fiber to the home is considered the future of technology, it is still not available in most non-metropolitan areas. This will change in Bryan/College Station when The Crossing at Lick Creek comes online as the first fiber to the home development with full access to fiber telecommunications.
What is Fiber to the Home?
Fiber to the Home (FTTH) refers to the installation and use of fiber optic cables to carry digital information directly to homes. These cables are made up of hundreds of fiber optics, which are long thin strands of pure glass that are capable of sending and receiving data at the speed of light. Fiber has a higher bandwidth capacity and can easily transmit applications like internet, telephone and video content, with plenty of capacity left over for new applications of the future.
What are the benefits of FTTH?
Fiber technology provides almost unlimited bandwidth, which means it has thousands of times the transmission capacity of copper wire. Fiber optic cables carry voice, data and video signals at speeds well over 20 times faster than today’s fastest high-speed data connections by using laser-generated pulses of light to transmit the signals. This allows FTTH to accommodate a wide variety of data and video applications, from interactive content and telecommuting to audio and video on demand.
Because the fiber optic cables are buried, customers are less likely to experience outages due to ice, storms or other external causes. Fiber optic cables are also less susceptible to problems than traditional copper wires and can withstand the shock and vibration from inclement weather. Fiber does not conduct electricity, is not affected by heat and cold or electric fields from nearby lines, and has a longer lifespan than copper or coax.
Voice and data transmissions via FTTH are more secure than when they are sent over conventional copper cable connections. The use of fiber eliminates the ability to tap, or eavesdrop, through contact with the delivery system.
FTTH is considered “future proof” and offers the flexibility to deliver additional services in the years to come. FTTH provides the flexibility to more easily adapt to customer preference, since new products and services can be activated remotely, either permanently or on demand.
Click here to listen to a radio interview clip about our Fiber to the Home!


Best Rear View Mirror Monitors – A rear-view mirror Monitors (or rearview mirror) is a mirror in automobiles and other vehicles, designed to allow the driver to see rearward through the vehicle’s rear window (rear windshield).
In cars, the rear-view mirror is usually affixed to the top of the windshield on a double-swivel mount allowing it to be adjusted to suit the height and viewing angle of any driver and to swing harmlessly out of the way if impacted by a vehicle occupant in a collision.
The rear-view mirror is augmented by one or more side-view mirrors, which serve as the only rear-vision mirrors on motorcycles and bicycles.
ROUND UPback to menu ↑
1.Pyle Backup Car Camera
- BACKUP CAR CAMERA: A rugged backup rear view camera with true color reproduction and video output of 10V PP 75 Ohm It has a low lux performance and a wide viewing angle at 170° Has color image reproduction and auto white balance
- LCD MONITOR SCREEN: This backup camera monitor comes with a 43 inches LCD mirror monitor screen display and NTSC/PAL video system Has a built into rearview mirror assembly with universal sized clips Also has the ability to connect to 2 video sources
The PLCM34WIR is a nightvision-capable rear view camera and monitor for your vehicle. The rear view camera mounts easily above your license plate and outputs crystal clear video over an RCA jack. And there’s no wiring required – this system is wireless, so you’ll be able to see behind you on the included 3.5” monitor in your car in a flash!
Perfect for backing into tight spots or moving in reverse when visibility is limited – it’s like having an extra eye. And this model comes with nightvision LEDs, which illuminate the area behind you at night. This small and durable unit will keep you safe and secure because you’ll always know what’s going on around you.
This model uses a wireless signal to send video data from the camera to the monitor, so you don’t need to run a video cable from the camera to the monitor. This makes it perfect for larger vehicles like trucks, vans, and limos where running the cable may be difficult or impossible.back to menu ↑
- 【Multi-function】This PONPY 7 Inch color TFT LCD screen has a resolution of 800x480 pixels. It is a multi-function mirror monitor, it can be used as a normal rear view mirror,and also a perfect companion monitor screen for universal backup cameras when reversing.
- 【Parking Rear View Priority】When hanging your car into reverse gear, the screen will automatically switch to reversing image screen, make it more safer and convenient even in the night to avoid children, traffic, pedestrians,toys, pets and so on. Warm tips: Blue screen appears if there is no video signal.
Super slim design with 1/3 inch thickness, screen aspect ratio is 16:9. This 7″ LCD monitor is designed tiny and light, you can even carry it in your handbag. Warm tips: The headphone jack is still in testing phase which can not be used temporarily.
The super 7 inch TFT LCD monitor display screen with HD 1024*600 high resolution delivers excellent detail, work stable and anti-jamming, bright saturation image and high color reduction give you a pleasant visual enjoyment.
Item size: 7.09″(length)x4.72″(width)x0.33″(thickness), package weight: 1.25lbs. Built-in 1.5W high fidelity speaker, with high sensitivity touch buttons operation and full-function remote control, make it more convenient to operate via multi-language menu.back to menu ↑
- [OEM look design] Driving with your fully updated rear-view mirror! Along with the supplied bracket, it can replace your existing rear-mirror completely. It can also keep the dash cam away from vibrations or jolts effectively while driving, which could offer a stabler image than the rubber band method. The bracket can be compatible with most car models on the market. If the supplied mount is not compatible, you can also use the supplied rubber band to attach it to the existing rear-view mirror.
- [Super HDR Rear Camera] The AS4 mirror dash cam adopts fully updated Sony IMX464 Super HDR rear camera, which can reduce dazzle and overexposure from headlights behind you effectively. Different from other normal HDR rear camera, which can only reduce dazzle in the near distance, the AS4 can provide you a clearer rear image at day and night.
NikoMaku AS5 Driving Recorder Mirror Front Rear View Camera OEM Design Rear View Camera 10 Inch 2K Touch Screen Full Screen 170 Degree Wide Angle Rearview Mirror Camera Dual Camera Waterproof
Combined with the included mount, the AS5 drive recorder can completely replace your existing rearview mirror. It can also effectively protect the dashboard camera from bumping or shaking while driving, providing a more stable image than the rubber band method.
The included stand is compatible with the existing mirror base, as shown in the photo above. If the included cam bracket is not compatible, you can also use the included rubber band to attach the dashboard cam to an existing mirror.back to menu ↑
4.VanTop H610 10″
- 【2.5K Dual Cams with Wide FOV】 Dual cams provide with Ultra HD video resolution up to 2560 x 1440P (2.5K). Offer you much clearer footage capturing license plates from a distance. 170° adjustable front lens and 160° rear lens cover total 330° field of view to reduce blind area and capture more scenes on the road.
- 【Enhanced Starlight Night Vision】 Equipped with advanced Sony "Starvis" sensor, the dash cam captures sharp videos with enhanced details at extreme low light conditions. Make it a trustworthy guardian for your car all day and night.
The VanTop H610 10-inch 2.5k mirror dash cam is a self-contained front camera and display that is affixed to a vehicle’s mirror. A rear camera and extension cable is included. The device simultaneously records video from both front and rear cameras for later playback.
We’ve all heard tales of the minor fender-bender that somehow becomes a major lawsuit. Several years ago, I decided to install dashcams in my vehicles as unbiased observers to highway shenanigans. I was interested to see how Vantop’s H610 10-inch mirror camera would perform.back to menu ↑
- 【2.5K FHD Car Camera & Safe Parking】Analogy High Definition of 2560*1440p@30fps for front and 1080P rear view mirror camera presents super night vision in low light conditions, and the backup camera display with guide lines assist you safe parking. It is flexible and convenient for you to adjust the view angle by sliding your finger on the touch screen when driving or reversing.
- 【IPS 10 Inch Streaming Media Full Touch Screen】The 2.5K Streaming Media dash cam mirror featured Full HD sharp colors IPS touch screen will synchronously display rear view viewing when car starts and present a clear and crisp video quality with high resolution in day or night.
For some people, portable monitors are a necessity – they provide the additional screen space, which can come in very handy if you’re constantly on the go and often stay in hotels (we have top overall picks here if you want to learn more).
But what if one wants such a device without spending too much money? The solution lies in Toguard’s newest model, which is a 7-inch portable monitor that sports the resolution of 1024 x 600 and comes with some pretty useful features. Thanks to its price, it’s already highly popular with the users – so let’s check out what it has to offer!back to menu ↑
Best Rear View Mirror Monitors – New, larger automobiles often come standard with LCD screens and cameras to eliminate blind spots. Unfortunately, older models — the very vehicles that revealed the need for these tools — usually lack this technology. That doesn’t mean you have to keep driving blind or upgrade to a new vehicle, however. An after-market rearview mirror screen can bring your current vehicle up-to-date.


The Crimson Trace LG-437 Laserguard laser sight for Kahr Arms 9 mm and .40 S&W pistols is ideal for these sub-compact carry guns. The laser sight gives you instant target acquisition. Fit the Kahr Arms P9, PM9, P40, PM40, CW9, CW40, TP9 and TP40 models.
The LG437 laser sight fits over the pistol's trigger guard, and is easily installed with a couple of small allen screws.
The Crimson Trace LG-437 laser sight is activated by a instinctively-placed pressure switch just below the trigger guard. The hard polymer construction will give you years of reliable use. The ultra-compact 3.3 millimeter diode allows the sight to fit on the pistol with no change to the feel or handling.
Laser activated by front activation switch
Grips are user-adjustable for both windage and elevation.
Comes with a three-year full factory warranty
The beam intensity is the maximum allowed by federal law. Beam Intensity is 5mw peak, 633nm, class IIIa laser.
Laser dot size is approximately one-half inch in diameter at 50 feet.
Requires two #357 silver oxide batteries (included) or one 1/3N 3 volt lithium battery.
Crimson Trace Part # LG-437


The HI801-11 is a holmium oxide glass filter that is used to validate the wavelength accuracy of the HI801 iris spectrophotometer. The filter is mounted in a 10 mm square anodized holder and comes with a protective plastic holder that protects the filter when not in use.
- Glass filter mounted in anodized aluminum holder.
- Absorbance peaks measured at 361, 454, 536, and 638 nm.
- Fits all spectrophotometers that can accommodate 10 mm square cuvette.
Thank you for your interest in our products. A representative will contact you within the next business day.
The HI801-11 is traceable to SRM2034 and is supplied with certificate of that identifies the peak absorbance values of the filter within 0.1 nm of uncertainty. The HI801-11 holmium oxide filter is used with the wavelength check mode found in the HI801 iris spectrophotometer. The filter is placed into the meter and the wavelength check mode is then used to verify the wavelength positioning. Once the check is complete the meter will display the wavelength peaks and they are compared to the values found on the certificate. The values should be within ±1.5 nm of the certified value.
HI801-11 Holmium Oxide Filter
- Supplied with certificate of analysis traceable to SRM2034
- All values are certified and have an uncertainty of less than 0.1 nm
- Packaged in light tight plastic cuvette holder


4.a.18. Is the fitting of a lens supplied by an optical laboratory to an optometrist subject to GST?
Non-interpretative – other references see:
Generally, no. On our understanding, the fitting of a lens to a frame is normally part of the Quality Assurance process relating to the supply of the lens. As the fitting of a lens to a frame is not normally separately charged for, there is no consideration for the supply, and as such, the fitting service will not be subject to GST.
However, where there is a separate supply of a service of fitting lenses to spectacle frames, it will be subject to GST.


An end to daily finger pricking for people with diabetes
A new laser sensor that monitors blood glucose levels without penetrating the skin could transform the lives of millions of people living with diabetes.
Currently, many people with diabetes need to measure their blood glucose levels by pricking their fingers, squeezing drops of blood onto test strips, and processing the results with portable glucometers. The process can be uncomfortable, messy and often has to be repeated several times every day.
The new technology, developed by Professor Gin Jose and a team in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Leeds, uses a small device with low-powered lasers to measure blood glucose levels without penetrating the skin. It could give people a simpler, pain-free alternative to finger pricking.
You can read more about the technology on the University of Leeds' website.
More articles Posted on: 15 July 2015


White is a color, the perception of which is evoked by light that stimulates all three types of color sensitive cone cells in the human eye in nearly equal amounts and with high brightness compared to the surroundings. A white visual stimulation will be void of hue and grayness.
White light can be generated in many ways. The sun is such a source, electric incandescence is another. Modern light sources are fluorescent lamps and light-emitting diodes. An object whose surface reflects back most of the light it receives and does not alter its color will appear white, unless it has very high specular reflection.
Since white is the extreme end of the visual spectrum (in terms of both hue and shade), and since white objects - such as clouds, snow and flowers - appear often in nature, it has frequent symbolism. Human culture has many references to white, often related to purity and cleanness, whilst the high contrast between white and black is often used to represent opposite extremes.
Veja + sobre projecto aqui: (http://fernandoguerra.com/ava/)


Just a few hours ago Canon announce the addition of some new gear to their lineup and we are lucky enough to be able to share their announcement with you. Follow the links below for ALL of the technical data and pricing info.
Canon EOS T5i,
body only, with the
new 18-55 lens, or the
* 18.0 Megapixel CMOS (APS-C) sensor, 14-bit A/D
conversion, ISO 100-12800 (expandable to H: 25600) for shooting EOS-a Body from
bright to dim light and high performance DIGIC 5 Image Processor for exceptional
image quality and speed.
* High speed continuous shooting up to 5.0 fps
allows you to capture all the action.
* 9-point all cross-type AF system
(including a high-precision dual-cross f/2.8 center point) for exceptional
autofocus performance when shooting with the viewfinder and Hybrid CMOS AF
increases autofocus speed when shooting photos and movies in Live View.
EOS Full HD Movie mode with Movie Servo AF for continuous focus tracking of
moving subjects, manual exposure Interface Cable control and multiple frame
rates (1080: 30p (29.97) / 24p (23.976) / 25p, 720: 60p (59.94) / 50p, 480: 30p
25p), built-in stereo mic, manual audio level adjustment, and Video Snapshot
with editing for flexible options.
Canon Eos Rebel SL1,
only or with the
18-55 lens listed below
* Compact and lightweight DSLR featuring a
newly-developed 18.0 Megapixel CMOS (APS-C) sensor, ISO 100–12800 (expandable to
H: 25600) for stills and ISO–6400 (expandable to H: 12800) for videos for
shooting from bright to dim light, and high performance DIGIC 5 Image Processor
for exceptional image quality and speed.
* High speed continuous shooting
up to 4.0 fps allows you to capture all the action.
Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II Auto Focus Lens
magnification, compact and lightweight EF-S standard zoom lens with Optical
Image Stabilizer for up to four equivalent stops of shake correction.
Supports Canon EOS Movie Servo AF feature for smooth and quiet continuous AF
during movie shooting by utilizing a new six-group zoom system plus a stepping
motor and focus mechanism.
* One UD lens and one high-precision aspheric
lens reduce chromatic aberration throughout the zoom range for excellent image
quality with high resolution and contrast.
* Dynamic IS (Movie Shooting
Mode only) delivers a wider image stabilization correction range, ideal for
shooting while walking.
Canon PowerShot SX280 Digital Camera available in
* Built-in Wi-Fi technology allows you to wirelessly transfer
your images to social networking sites through Canon iMAGE GATEWAY#; to a PC or
upload virtually anywhere on your iOS or Android device with the free download
of the Canon Camera Window app.
* Canon's powerful 20x Optical Zoom and
25mm Wide-Angle lens with Optical Image Stabilizer delivers stunning images from
up close or at a distance.
* 12.1 Megapixel High-Sensitivity CMOS sensor
combined with the new DIGIC 6 Image Processor creates the Canon HS SYSTEM for
light performance up to ISO 6400 and enhanced image quality.
* Capture 1080p/60p Full HD video for high-quality capture of moving


Applications: Control Panels
Nano-Imprinted Thin Films create unique LED Backlighting for the full range of Electronics applications.
Nano-Imprinted Thin Films create unique LED Backlighting for the full range of Electronics Equipment applications.
High Resolution patterns
Micro-Lenses are Nano-Imprinted onto Thin, Flexible Translucent Substrates.
Nano-structured Light Control
Uniquely allows for sophisticated control of light distribution only to keys or buttons dramatically increasing efficiency and brightness.
Roll to Roll, High Efficiency Production
Provides Very Low Cost, High Quality and High Repeatability Lighting solutions.
Light Guides: How they work.
The Light Guides are designed for effective use of LED edge light sources. Light from the LED sources is reflected down the length of Light Guide to the various viewing areas. The Micro-Lens Arrays redirect light out of the film to the viewer only where it is needed (to each logo, image, key or button) by the lens layout design. This new technology patterning allows light to be efficiently and uniformly directed where light is desired in a very low profile film.
Light Guide Benefits
- Very efficient use of light only to areas to be illuminated. Patterns of MicroLense areas designed by Customer software such as CAD or other standard design software.
- More Efficient use (and reduced numbers) of LED sources
- Very Thin Form Factor.
- Roll to Roll Film Manufacturing for Low Cost
- Software Designed Patterns for Precise Light Control.
- Die cut to your specification shape requirements.
Light guide films are designed using customer CAD or other software to determine the size, pattern and layout of the microlens arrays. This input is combined with our special design software to create the Micro-Lens array that is imprinted onto the Light Guide.
|Optical Grade Materials
|Polycarbonate, Acrylic (PMMA)
|Ultra Slim Profile
|0.40 mm to 0.8 mm
|Standard…..Inquire for larger
|2mm (1″) to 300mm x 400mm (11.8″ x 15.7 “)
|Various design added options
|LEDs, Flex Circuits, Cover Plates, Protective Films, Coatings, and Adhesives
|High Resolution Nano imprinting
|Less than 50 micron diameter lens structures are not visible.
|Control button, Keypads Logos,
and Decor Lighting.
|Control Panels of all Types including portables. High quality Logo Lighting.


Astigmatism is when the surface of the eye - the cornea - has a more oval than round shape. With uncorrected astigmatism, your vision may still be blurry after standard cataract surgery.
Between limbal relaxing incisions and toric lenses, your surgeon can eliminate most and sometimes all of your astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery.
Eliminating astigmatism improves your vision without glasses at all distances.
Presbyopia is the eye's inability to focus up close, typically requiring the use of reading glasses or bifocals.
Most adults above the age of 40 have some level of presbyopia.
For patients interested in becoming less dependent on glasses, your cataract surgeon can implant a presbyopia-correcting lens inside your eye at the time of cataract surgery that will allow you to see well at far, intermediate, and even some near distances.
These same lenses correct both presbyopia AND astigmatism, and most people who choose this type of lens enjoy substantially less dependence on glasses.
We are proud to offer both multifocal and extended-depth-of-focus (EDOF) implants. Your surgeon will discuss the pros and cons of each at time of your cataract evaluation.
The Zepto (R) Precision-Pulse Capsulotomy system is one of the most recent advances in cataract surgery.
A capsulotomy is one of the first steps in cataract surgery. It allows your surgeon access to the cataract to remove it from your eye.
A well-done capsulotomy helps keep your new lens centered, providing you with the best vision possible.
The Zepto (R) Precision-Pulse Capsulotomy system creates a capsulotomy that is 2-4x stronger than a capsulotomy done using a femtosecond laser and is only a fraction of the cost.
Using a special lens material designed by a Nobel Prize winning scientist, RxSight has developed the first intraocular lens (IOL) that allows you and your physician to optimize your vision following cataract surgery.
Despite numerous advances in modern cataract surgery technologies, only 6 out of 10 cataract patients achieve their targeted vision, and an even smaller percentage achieve excellent vision at all distances.¹ This is because it is very difficult to predict how your eye will heal before your cataract surgery.
With the Light Adjustable Lens, you can now customize your vision after your cataract surgery. You will have the unique ability to adjust and preview your vision based on your personal desires and lifestyle requirements. This optimization is done by your eye doctor after lens implantation through a series of office-based light treatment procedures that take only a few minutes each.
The Light Adjustable Lens delivers superior visual outcomes that non-adjustable IOLs cannot match.² In a study of 600 subjects, those who received the Light Adjustable Lens followed by adjustments were twice as likely to achieve 20/20 distance vision at 6 months without glasses as those who received a standard monofocal IOL.
1. Market Scope 2020 IOL Market Report: A Global Analysis for 2019 to 2025.
2. US Food and Drug Administration. Summary of Safety and Effectiveness (SSED) of Light Adjustable Lens and Light Delivery Device system.


Fog Stopper for Glasses
DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY FOR ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATED LENSES:
UltraVue® Premium AR Anti-Fog Stopper™ provides users an easy to use anti-fog treatment for all plastic and glass lenses.
Apply 1-2 drops on the inside of the lenses, gently spreading with a soft lens cloth. Allow treatment to air dry for 15-20 seconds. Once dry, wipe and polish the lens with a dry soft lens cloth.
10mL drip cap bottle
MADE IN THE USA


LightWerkz offers a variety of high performance OEM and Aftermarket HID projector Systems.
Projectors are the single most important component in the performance you receive out of your HID projector conversion. There are many different options, but rest assured anything you see in our offerings is a great choice.
We have narrowed our options down to these projectors below. You will notice we offer both aftermarket and OEM projectors, depending on your budget. We offer single xenon projectors and bixenon (both low and high beam function projector) to suit your specific needs.
All projectors are tweaked and modified for maximum performance if you have chosen LightWerkz as your HID projector conversion service provider.
We like to give projector suggestions depending on your application type, however it is important for you to make an educated decision on which projector system you would like to use.
The following links provide comparison photos of just about any projector worth talking about! We would like to thank JVX from HIDPlanet for taking these comparison photos that help our customers decide what the best choice is.
Single Xenon projector output comparison
Bixenon projector output comparison


Megapixel Meltdown: Cannon announces the release of a 250 megapixel sensor
With the recent release of a 250 megapixel sensor, the world of microscopy will never be the same. Or will it? Although microscope users will continue to demand higher resolution cameras it is not the primary factor for comparison.
For years consumer electronics have lead the way in educating people in the standards for how to evaluate a camera. The most common standard – megapixels. Consumer camera manufacturers make little to no mention of the lens, resolving power, sensor noise, dynamic range, sensitivity or anything that actually influences quality images. So when Canon releases a 250 megapixel sensor, consumers immediately assume more is better – and that sensor should be connected to the microscope!
Although the 250 megapixel sensor will allow an investigator to make a high resolution print the size of a small house, it will not allow said investigator to learn more about the sample in the image.
Resolving power of optical system influences the need for sensor resolution
Although camera sensors are amazing at capturing the detail in an image provided by a series of lenses, the series of lenses dictate the resolving power of the system. In short, unless the optical system is capable of resolving to the level of the camera pixel, the camera’s pixels are wasted. There could be more than one pixel capturing the same exact feature on the sample, providing your image a lot of pixels, but not a lot of data.
Thankfully smart people who know numbers have worked out the details of digital sensors in microscopy. Some important equations are below:
Optical Resolution (um) = (0.61 * wavelength)/(NA)
Object size (um) = (Optical Resolution * Objective Magnification (i.e. 63X)/(c-Mount Adaptor)
Nyquist Sampling Frequency: Object size/2.3 = Pixel Size to Resolve Object (um)
Alternatively, if one would simply prefer plug numbers into a calculator, there is a web based calculator available also. Or for more information, Photometrics has an excellent learning zone dedicated to matching resolution.
In the case of the Canon sensor, the pixels are about 1.49 microns across, so in the case of a compound microscope with a 10X objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.4 and a lens free 1X c-mount, the ideal pixel size would be 3.646 microns. Or in the case of a stereo microscope with a 1X objective lens ideal pixel size would be about 3.5 microns.
At 1.49 microns, the 250 megapixel sensor is at least 2X over sampling at low magnification and 8X over sampling at high magnification. Furthermore, this behemoth sensor is so big (29.2 x 20.2 mm) that it would require a magnifying intermediate lens to avoid vignetting – making the pixel size over sampling problem worse.
Microscopes are made for imaging molecules, not mountains
Nothing is more awesome than one upping a friend as it relates to Megapixels. If this were not true, Apple would not have released an iPhone with 4K streaming and a 12 megapixel sensor. Nothing like megapixels to make someone feel like their phone is obsolete…
From the calculations above it’s clear that there is a limit to the value of megapixels as it relates to resolution. In the case of the 250 megapixel sensor, the developers never intended for the sensor to go onto a microscope, since they cite the sensors ability to read a serial number off an airplane from 11 miles away. Ideally Canon’s 250 megapixel sensor would be used for telescopes, not microscopes.
When considering the specialized optics of light microscopes there are practical limits to resolution. Cameras that go beyond the three micron pixel size limit are simply offering users bragging rights, because there is not benefit to additional data.
Real factors to consider when evaluating a camera
While megapixels are a simple number to digest and compare across many different products, there are other factors to consider:
- Quantum Efficiency
- Read noise
- Signal to noise ratio
- Full well capacity
- Dark current
- Pixel size
- Sensor size
All of these factors contribute to what many people will consider to be a beautiful image. Inky blacks with vibrant whites all while providing the field of view and resolution that is enough to record data.
Trust W. Nuhsbaum, Inc.
Choosing a camera can be intimidating, but the process can be made easy by consulting with the team of microscope and imaging specialists from W. Nuhsbaum, Inc. Trust the experience of W. Nuhsbuam, Inc to weather the technology winds of change and advise on the proper technology for your experiments.


Our Great Performance
You will be surprised to see your old reports, Which help us to treat your best.
Implantable Contact Lens (ICL) are now the lastest technological advances to reduce the patient with refractive error and seen high powers which are not even amenable with conventional LASIK LASER surgery. The implantable contact lens is a type of phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) used in the correction of eyes with high refractive errors, especially if the cornea is thin. PIOL are artificial lenses which are implanted in front of the natural lens of the eye and functions as a "contact lens within the eye affording high quality (high definition) vision. PIOLs are especially useful in certain patients who are not suitable for which laser refractive surgery like LASIK. At Drishti Center for Advanced Eye Care, Haldwani, the Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL; Staar® Surgical Company, USA) is available for patients who require phakic intraocular lens implantation.
The Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL; Staar® Surgical Company, USA) is a one-piece foldable phakic intraocular lens which is implanted just in front of the natural crystalline lens as a day surgery procedure. This PIOL requires a sutureless sub-3 mm corneal incision for insertion allowing fast visual rehabilitation and eliminating the need for hospital admissions.
The Visian ICL is able to correct myopia of -3.0 D to -20.0 D (US approval). Toric models of this PIOL are also available. Toric models are able to correct both myopia and astigmatism simultaneously, eliminating the need for subsequent procedures to correct astigmatism.


When you love what you do, you tend to do it better than anyone else. Every lens we make is a combination of passion, technology and common sense. We don’t just make lenses that work better on paper. We make lenses that work better on people. A company of real people making lenses for real people. Isn’t that the way your lens company should work?
Founded in 1998, Located in China, HWALLONE has become a recognized leading manufacturer of quality ophthalmic lenses through its superior technological ingenuity. The sole objective of our lens is to develop and manufacture products that are both innovative and unmatched in quality.
Hwallone also has a large lab which can supply 24-48 hours fast, high quality and realiable RX prscription lens service by strictly quality control following CE, ISO and FDA standard.
HWALLONE is dedicated to establishing and maintaining strong partnerships with eye care professionals, retailers, wholesalers, and distributors. No matter the size, location, or affiliation, we will work to provide the best quality products and help grow our customers’ businesses.


Home > Safety & Environmental Help and Guidance > Light Measurements > Photometry and Light Measurement
Photometry (measuring light levels) is the science of measurement of visible light in terms of its perceived brightness to human vision.
Light can be measured in several ways. Two of the most frequently used methods used in industry include Lux and foot-candles. Lux (lux) is a unit of illumination of one square meter which is one meter away from a uniform light source. One lux is equal to one lumen per square meter.
An employer has a duty to ensure the health and safety of their employees, which is covered under the health and safety at work act 1974. This act describes a duty to provide lighting that enables work to be carried out safely without putting employees health or eyes at risk.
Regulation 8 of workplace regulations 1992 says that:
The amount of light needed depends on what type of work is being carried out. (see table below)
Interior levels are much lower than outdoor natural light.
Some typical light levels are:
Light Measurement Meters
The two main instruments for measuring light are photometers and spectrometers,
A photometer is any instrument that can be used to measure illuminance or irradiance. These meters are often applied in industry as ‘photometer’ is a general term for “detecting instruments”. Most photometers work by using either photo resistors or photodiodes. These work by showing a change in electrical properties when exposed to light which is easily detected using a suitable electronic current.
A spectrometer is an optical instrument which is used to measure the properties of light over a specific proportion of its electromagnetic spectrum. Spectrometers use light intensity as the variable measurement and wavelength as the independent variable measurement. Spectrometer is often a term that is applied to instruments that work over a wide range of wavelength from X-rays, gamma rays & far infrared.
CLICK HERE FOR Information, technical data, images and pricing of all Castle Group Ltd. products
CLICK HERE FOR Hire the best equipment at a fraction of the purchase price
CLICK HERE FOR Calibration and repair services from Air Samplers to Vibration Meters
CLICK HERE FOR World class safety and environmental courses. On your site or our 4* training facility
CLICK HERE FOR Employ our expertise for both simple and more demanding issues.


DICHROIC FILM Dichroic glass
This effect is incorporated in films by using a simple yet unique process called micro-layer technology. The reflection of visible light creates a separation of prismatic colors and by the fluctuation of sunlight or simple light obstruction when people or objects block light. While specific prismatic color patterns are created by the light transported through the window, throughout the day inside buildings.
The Dynamic Effect makes the color relocate when viewed from different angles. This happens with the use of Multi-layer optical film technology. The colors in transmission and the reflected colors are always different.
Applications – Can be applied to glass partition walls, shower door glass, shading fins, balustrades, exterior glass, artistic glass, and glass furniture.
The film offers maximum flexibility, you can cut it, bend it, pattern it or apply it with different glass types of interlayer adhesives.
Printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make type specimen book has survived not only five centuries.
Dichroic glass is a kind of glass whose color can be changed according to the top angle of direct sunlight and the angle of the observer’s position.
The color effect of Dichroic glass is produced in the process of processing metal film coating.
Dichroic glass : Dichroic glass is a decorative coated glass product, and the off-line coating technology is adopted. By plating multi-layer metal and oxide films and applying the principle of optical interference, the colorful effect of various colors will appear with the change of viewing angle, which can meet the design requirements of the designer and achieve the purpose of decoration effect.
Features of Dichroic glass:
1. Color change can be generated according to different viewing angle and sunlight conditions
2. High scratch resistance, chemical resistance, easy to clean
3. With artistic feeling and fashion aesthetic feeling, the finishing touch of home decoration, strong processing and toughening
The glittering and translucent, Dichroic glass is simple but not simple. It is not only the furniture spirit dancing light and shadow, but also the art of modern fashion. In modern home decoration, it is a very expressive space element.
4.The low refraction metal oxide coating can produce vivid color changes according to different viewing angles and sunlight conditions. Based on its hardness, scratch resistance and high chemical resistance, Dichroic is more durable, easier to care and clean than traditional glass.
Dichroic glass advantages
1)Dazzling effect – impressive color effect (yellow blue, green purple, orange blue, blue gold, green pink, etc.);
2)Advanced processing technology, using off-line coating technology, can process large size, and processing size is flexible, to meet customer needs to the greatest extent;
3)The color and hue of the coating surface and the glass surface are the same, and they have the same dazzling effect both indoors and outdoors;
4)With Artistry – impressive dazzling color appearance, combined with architectural design, can make the building have a higher artistic appreciation.
5)Stability: Dichroic glass has high hardness, scratch resistance and excellent chemical stability;
Dichroic glass is especially suitable for landmark buildings, such as office buildings, museums, opera houses, theatres, cinemas, shopping malls. Room partition, door, screen, and guardrail. Its effect is highly recognizable, so it can also be used in shops, restaurants, casinos and so on. It can meet the bold design requirements of architects, artists and designers, so as to convey their design ideas and artistic inspiration.
The maximum processing size is 2440 * 4600mm, and the maximum processing thickness is 19mm.


Rex Specs protect against dust and debris, UV rays, bugs and wind, or punctures from sticks and thorns.
• Rex Specs dog goggles come with 2 lenses – 1 Clear and a second lens of your choice. Choose from 6 lens tints (Clear, Smoke, Blue Mirror, Silver Mirror, Red Revo, or Blue Revo)
• All lenses are interchangeable, spherical, and rated UV400 to provide protection from UVA/UVB rays.
• Lenses are rated ANSI Z87.1
• Dynamic strap system enables full jaw movement


Factors to Consider When Hiring Fiber Optic Cable Installation Company in Austin
It is important to ensure that you have the right internet source for your usage needs. You can opt for one of the major internet suppliers in the market for your needs. The effectiveness of internet sources will vary when it comes to speed and stability. Increased demand for stable and reliable internet supply has made fiber optic a choice for many people. It is important to ensure that you have a professional to handle your fiber optic cable installation needs. You will have choices when it comes to choosing a company to provide fiber optic cable installation services. To ensure that you get the best services for your fiber optic installation needs it would be key to ensure that you find the best company for the services. You will have varying experiences while engaging with different fiber optic cable installation service providers which makes it crucial to find the best option for your needs. From the article below you are going to find useful factors to help in the selection of fiber optic cable installation firm.
The first thing you should consider for a fiber optic cable installation company is their experience in providing the services. Ensure that you get a firm which has good knowledge about the solutions from their previous working experiences. You will need to ensure that you get a firm which has the skills to provide custom fiber optic can installation services.
It is important to ensure that you deal with a company which you can access any time for your fiber optic installation needs. You should opt for a firm which would ensure that you get ideal support when needed. Having easy access to effective support services when using your fiber optic cable is crucial. A supportive fiber optic service provider will ensure that you have an easy time dealing with any levels of trouble with your cable.
It is important to ensure that you consider fiber optic cable installation service provider who is affordable based on your budget. It is important to ensure that you know what is covered by the set charges for fiber optic cable installation services. You should get a fiber optic cable installation firm which will give assurance for their installation solutions. When it comes to selecting a fiber optic cable installation service provider ensure that their payment options are ideal for your budget.
In conclusion, you should find a licensed fiber optic cable installation service provider who has the right credentials for providing such services. Choose a company which has the necessary credentials to offer fiber solutions in your area. An accredited fiber optic services provider will give he best experience for your fiber cable installation needs.


About RAYMOND Laser
Raymond Laser is a full laser machine manufacturer, with nearly 13 years of experience as an industry pioneer. With a deep investment in our own proprietary laser machine designs, we are able to find the best solutions for your particular application.We offer end-to-end design, manufacturing, and service capabilities, proudly housed in Wuhan China.As true laser experts with multiple laser technologies, we don't have a one size fits all approach. Instead, our experienced engineers, technicians, and staff carefully analyze our customer's needs and applications and find the best solution-often utilizing custom designs and engineering.At Raymond Laser, we keep feature-loaded standard systems and workstations in stock to ensure quick delivery for off-the-shelf options. We also have the in-house expertise to engineer custom laser solutions.
Raymond Quality Policy:
• Quality all kind of laser machines.
• We offer two year warranty for all machines.
• Professional customer support and after sales service.
We are proud of the clients we have served
Below is a list of few of our satisfied partners
Over 13 years' laser experience
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On our Laser Machinery


Crosslake Fiber, a developer and operator of communications networks in North America and Western Europe, revealed its latest submarine cable project, called CrossChannel Fibre, which is a submarine cable system connecting Slough, United Kingdom and Paris, France, with a total length of approximately 550 kilometers.
According to the plan, the system will contain 96 pairs of optical fibers, each pair of optical fibers provides more than 20Tbps of capacity. To support the project, Crosslake Fiber has authorized EGS, the world’s leading ocean survey and service provider, to conduct project maritime surveys.
In addition, Tiger Infrastructure Partners, the capital partner of Crosslake Fibre, has invested additional capital in the Crosslake platform to support the CrossChannel Fiber system.
Mike Cunningham, CEO of Crosslake Fibre, said, “We are very pleased to launch this historic submarine project and provide a new connection in the crucial data center connecting Slough in the English Channel with Paris. This new The optical fiber infrastructure has been optimized to establish the shortest path between the two data, providing users with enhanced technical solutions and greatly reducing operating costs. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the continuous increase in bandwidth demand has continued to increase The submarine cable has never been so important to the function of the Internet backbone.”
According to the plan, the submarine cable system will be put into use in the fall of 2021 (RFS).


During an exclusive launch event today at the Paris Convention Center, Huawei Consumer Business Group (BG) unveiled the HUAWEI P30 and HUAWEI P30 Pro.
The HUAWEI P30 Series builds on the HUAWEI P Series DNA in design and photography and is the company’s most advanced series of smartphone cameras. These devices feature the innovative HUAWEI SuperSpectrum Sensor, an optical SuperZoom Lens, a new HUAWEI Time of Flight (ToF) Camera, and enhanced optical and AI image stabilization technology.
With these revolutionary technologies, the HUAWEI P30 and HUAWEI P30 Pro capture incredible photos and videos in every scenario.
Richard Yu, CEO of Huawei Consumer BG, said,
“the HUAWEI P30 Series is a fundamental breakthrough after decades of digital camera technology development; it will rewrite the rules and reshape everyone’s perception of mobile photography. Innovations such as the HUAWEI SuperSpectrum Sensor and SuperZoom Lens allow us to push the envelope of both photography and videography—a frontier long overdue for disruption. The HUAWEI P30 Series will set the pace for the next generation of smartphones by empowering people to capture the true beauty of the world around them through a device that fits in the palm of their hands.”
The HUAWEI P30 Series will change users’ expectations of smartphone photography. The HUAWEI P30 Pro is equipped with a new Leica Quad Camera System, including a 40MP main camera with the HUAWEI SuperSpectrum Sensor, a 20MP ultra-wide angle camera, an 8MP telephoto camera, the HUAWEI ToF Camera and a 32MP front camera that takes selfies to a new level.
The 1/1.7-inch HUAWEI SuperSpectrum Sensor looks at light in a fundamentally new way. The RYYB HUAWEI SuperSpectrum Sensor deviates from the traditional RGGB Bayer filter by replacing green pixels with yellow pixels, yielding a high maximum ISO rating of409,600 on the HUAWEI P30 Pro and 204,800 on the HUAWEI P30.
This fundamental shift in sensor technology, combined with HUAWEI AIS, OIS and the HUAWEI P30 Pro’s f/1.6 wide aperture, delivers extraordinary photography and videography experiences across a wide range of scenarios and lighting conditions—including extreme low light—producing images with enhanced detail, color and clarity.
The new SuperZoom Lens unlocks a superior level of zoom photography in a slim-line device design. Through a new periscope design, the SuperZoom Lens supports high fidelity magnification of 5 times optical zoom, 10 times hybrid zoom and 50 times digital zoom. A prism element in the telephoto camera bends light at a 90-degree angle to maximize focal length while minimizing camera height, without disrupting device design.
The HUAWEI P30 Series is a smartphone camera with cinematic capabilities. The HUAWEI P30 Series ushers in a new era of studio-grade videography. The HUAWEI SuperSpectrum Sensor enables spectacular low-light video capture so nightscenes appear bright and highly detailed.
HUAWEI AIS and OIS support stabilization for all video capture settings, resulting in a perfect, steady shot. Additionally, the SuperZoom Lens allows for crisp close-ups, while the AI Video Editor enables users to add background music and special effects to their videos, turning the HUAWEI P30 Series into a mobile production studio.


Celestron’s line of M2 spotting scopes offer consumers a way to enjoy higher-end optics from the company without paying exorbitant prices. The Regal 100ED brings all of the features of the other M2 scopes to the table but adds a lens diameter that offers greater light gathering abilities than either the 65 or 80mm versions. As a result, it provides some of the clearest images of birds, targets, and even limited astronomy viewings possible through this line while providing the level of quality construction and affordability that you would expect from Celestron.
The Celestron Regal 100ED possesses specs that in many ways match those of the other members of the M2 line. These features offer a look into what makes this line of spotting scopes such a desirable and well-reviewed set of scopes. At the same time, it offers a larger lens and better field of view that promises even better images for serious nature hobbyists to enjoy. Following are a few of its most important features:
• Diameter of objective lens: 100mm
• Optical coatings: Fully multi-coated
• Dimensions: 19.2in. X 4.8in. X 4.8in.
• Weight: 8.6 lb.
• Eye relief: 20mm
• Magnification: 22x-67x
• Angular field of view: 1.9-.9°
• Close focus: 26.2ft./8m
Celestron Regal M2 Spotting Scope Review
One of the most unique and useful features of each of the scopes in Celestron’s M2 line is the ED glass that the company uses in the objective lens. This glass, which stands for “extra low dispersion glass,” functions by limiting the extent to which light is scattered as it passes through the lens. The result is that the light remains focused, improving the sharpness and clarity of the images and cutting down on color distortion. The improved accuracy of the view lends itself to high-accuracy activities such as target shooting and bird watching. While ED glass is often available in more expensive scopes, its presence in the more affordable Celestron M2 scopes adds significant value and allows these scopes to produce images that mimic those provided by pricier viewing instruments.
The ED glass in the Celestron Regal 100ED stands up under actual usage by reviewers. They report that the images the scope provides exceed their expectations for a scope as inexpensive as the Celestron Regal is. They even report enjoying accurate views at up to several hundred yards. Even target shooters, whose hobby requires superior viewing abilities, report being satisfied by the Regal’s performance.
In addition to ED glass, the Regal 100ED’s optical abilities are enhanced by the use of full multi-coated optics. This term refers to the fact that all of the lenses in the spotting scope have been coated with several layers of substances that sharpen and focus the light as it passes through the lens. The result is that these coatings further cut down on distortion in the resulting images and contribute to their overall excellence.
In addition to strong optical performance, the Celestron Regal 100ED is defined by comfort and ease of use. Reviewers find that the scope cuts down on eye strain and allows them to enjoy their viewing adventures for long periods of time without discomfort. Part of the reason for this comfort is the 20mm eye relief, as well as the fact that the eyepiece is adjustable and the eyecup is comfortable once adjusted to the viewer’s satisfaction. In addition, the Regal 100ED comes with a tripod mount that offers versatility and choice in how the scope is mounted. The mount, which receives praise from reviewers, allows the scope to be attached to the tripod in any one of four ways in order to allow the viewer to choose the most comfortable and practical arrangement possible for their viewing session.
Finally, reviewers note that the Regal 100ED is sturdily constructed. Its magnesium alloy body allows for a lighter feel without compromising its strength. A limited lifetime warranty ensures that consumers can purchase the scope with the confidence that any issues they encounter will be speedily resolved. The result is a strong, high performing scope that will appeal to consumers who want to enjoy nature views, bird watching, target shooting, and other spotting activities on a budget.


THE WINDOWS OF YOUR SOUL WERE DESIGNED IN THE OCEAN
Millions of years ago in the salty seas, life-forms developed light-sensitive skin zones. Along with distinguishing between light and dark, these enlightened zones could also identify the direction of light sources. Because the life-forms thrived via light sensitivity (it helped them find food, stay warm, etc.), eyes improved upon their original design features. They evolved into complex vision instuments that could recognize movement, form, and eventually myriad markings and colors. As we humans are descended from sea creatures, it makes perfect sense that our eyes must be constantly lubricated by salt water in order to see.


Modular Port System for SLR and dSLR housings
Our modular port system allows you to build a port out of universal components to accommodate a variety of macro, zoom, and wide-angle lenses. The interchangeable port bodies and extensions combine to create endless combinations for maximum versatility and performance.
( Port Body Not Included )
Due to refraction flat ports reduce the angle-of-coverage of a lens and at the same time enlarge the image, ideal for shooting small subjects with a standard, macro or zoom lens. Note that if a port is long enough to accommodate the full length of a 1:1 macro lens, the lens may vignette at infinity when used behind a flat port.
Effective August '09 the modular flat port now features a glass front element for maximum durability. Due to dimensional changes older flat assemblies cannot be retrofitted with a glass front element.
( Port Body Not Included )
The injection molded acrylic 4" radius dome is specifically designed for underwater photography to provide superior optical performance. Its larger radius reduces edge distortion on pictures taken with certain super wide-angle lenses and makes shooting over-under shots easier.
A complete port requires a Dome or Flat Assembly and an appropriate Port Body. An Extension is not required, but may be used to extend the overall length of the port.
An appropriate Port Body is required to attach a Flat or Dome Assembly to the housing. Port Bodies are offered in a variety of lengths for use with different lenses. Please note that picture sharpness is very sensitive to port length when using a dome underwater, while the optics of a flat port underwater are very forgiving. We recommend selecting a port body based on your wide-angle or zoom lens.
The #5510.16 and #5510.22 are the most common Port Bodies for popular wide-angle lenses. Both accept port extensions to accommodate longer macro and zoom lenses.
Refer to the appropriate Port Chart for compatibility.
** This Port Body utilizes a bayonet style mount that
requires #9072.24 low-profile port locks (not included). These port locks come standard on all
housing models manufactured since March 2006 (serial number 15798 and above)
and can be used with any Ikelite port. Low-profile
port locks are not compatible with older Ikelite film SLR housings.
Port Extensions can be added to any Port Body and Dome or Flat Assembly combination to extend the overall length of the port.
Extension length is added to overall lens length accommodated by a given port combination.
for Nikon 105mm VR and Canon 100mm USM Macro Lenses
A special extension is available for use with Nikon 105mm VR Macro and Canon 100mm USM Macro lenses. Manual focus is adjusted with a large, easy-to-turn knob on the side of the extension. Extension can be used with the Nikon 105mm VR Macro lens and either #5510.16 or #5510.22 Port Bodies. Canon 100mm USM lenses require the #5510.16 Port Body.
The Focus Extension can be used in place of the 1.75" Standard Extension in most instances. The Focus Extension should NOT be used with the bayonet-style #5510.10 or #5510.11 Super-Wide Angle Port Bodies.
Nikon 105mm VR Macro Lens Users: Port Bodies produced before 4/15/08 require a free modification for use with the Nikon 105mm VR Macro lens.
Canon 100mm USM Macro Lens Users: No modifications required.
Canon 100mm "L" USM Macro w/Hybrid IS Users: Requires new focus knob spacer #0376.2 (MSRP $6). New spacer is included with all #5510.75 extensions produced as of December 1, 2009.
#5510.45 Dome Assembly
#5510.35 Flat Assembly
#5510.75 Focus Extension
How to Measure:
Lens length is measured as the maximum extended length from attachment point on the camera body.
Maximum lens diameter is limited to 8.4cm (3.3"). Lenses up to 7.1cm (2.8") allow attachment of the standard zoom and clamp set. Larger diameter lenses require the special #5509.28 zoom and clamp set, included with all Ikelite dSLR housings.
Identifying Un-Marked Port Bodies
See important information on
Pre- August '06 Depth Limits
Detailed instructions for
Zoom Clamp & Sleeve Installation


The microscope can be used with the digital eyepiece connected to a computer via the USB port (windows compatible) or with the standard 10X Eyepiece (included). TS View software allows you to view live color images from the scope, save them, edit, add text, take video, even email. LED Light source now allows you to control the brightness of the light for the best image. Features 10X widefield eyepiece with pointer.
4X, 10X, 40X achromatic objectives provide 40X-400X magnification
Digital Eyepiece and software
Automatic light contrast and fine focus
640 X 480 resolution
30mm adapter makes eyepiece suitale for use with other scopes
USB port connection
TS software compatible with Windows and Vista
Prepared and Blank slides
Packed in full color box (6 lbs)
Microscopes normally ship in 6-10 days. If the item is needed sooner, please contact to confirm immediate availability.


Wide range voltage input 100-240V AC
Double cages structural heat dissipation design,better cooling
The double cages structural design change the heat dissipation mode
of the traditional LED grow light, divide the inside of the lamp to
tow parts, and form two heat-dissipation cages, cut off the
internal thermal cycle effectively and reach the best cooling
Use the unique air-out design and open air exhaust in the two sides
of the lamp, remove the high temperature air rapidly, ensure the
light body operation in a low-temperature environment.
Prevent drippage water design:
The lid of the light is with sloping ends and 5°angled holes to
prevent the light from the damaging of drippage and dust.
High quality 3W LED+700mAcurrent=The top performance:
700 mA is the best drive current for 3W LEDs,runing LEDs with
possibly high current can take full advantage of LEDs, making your
initial investment in LED devices to be well worth it.However, LEDs
and LED drivers should be of superior quality as so to undertake
the high electric current, besides the entire equipment should be
good enough in heat dissipating to bear all the heat emitted by 3w
leds.Selects the finest LEDs and drivers to ensure the stable
performance as well as the long life span of the fixtures,our
three-year warranty policy proves our confidence in products.
Modularity design, each part interconnect by the male female plug
directly, very easy for repairment and maintenance, only few steps
to assemble up the whole fixture.
Cambered LED panel with 150°wide beam angle, more evenly in light
delivery and larger in lighting coverage.
High hardness ABS, PC material housing offer an additional level of
Superior seismic performance: when bare light without any
protection, a 0.4M-height fallen to the ground would not cause any
Name: 90W LED Grow Light Actual power: 85~95W
Model: CDL-G-UFO90W LED Qty: 48pcs*3W
Input voltage: AC100~240V LED color: Red(630nm)/Blue(460nm)
Output voltage: DC55~70V Lifespan: 50,000 Hours
Input current: 670~700mA Working frequency: 50~60Hz
PF: 0.9 Working environment: -20~40℃,45%~95%RH
Product size: Ф260*136mm N.W.: 2.86kg
Inner carton size: 290*290*180mm G.W.(Inner carton ): 3.3kg
Outer carton size: 590*300*370mm G.W.(Outer carton ): 14.05kg
Standard configuration: LED Light x1,Power line x1,Chaining x2
Remarks: The above parameter is based on Red:Blue=8:1, for


Measurably improve thermal performance with our ComforTech™ Warm Edge Glazing System. Every ComfortTech glass package features a NO-METAL spacer between the panes of glass and gas filled cavities that provide you with highly energy efficient glass and a warmer glass edge.
The NO-Metal Advantage
Because the spacer between our panes of glass is not metal, there is no loss of energy through conduction.
Mylar 10-Layer Vapor Barrier
The spacer used in our glass, Super Spacer®,is made from a thermoset foam matrix. Made with a 10-layer moisture barrer to keep moisture out, gas is kept in and conductivity is virtually nonexistent.
Withstands Normal Bowing
The design of our Warm Edge Glazing System stands up to the bending and bowing that is natural in any glass unit.
Enhanced Noise Reduction
Our all-foam formula has excellent sound-dampening properties that reduce outside noise, even in industrial environments.
What is Colar Heat Gain? (SHG)
SHGC is a measurement of how much of the sun's heat is transmitted through the window or door. It is best described in terms of a ratio; where one is the maximum solar heat gain that comes through a window and zero is the minimum. A window that has a SHGC of .3 will allow 30 percent of the sun's heat to pass through.
What is DWT?
The DWT (Damage Weighted Transmittance) measures fading risk for furnishings and other materials. DLA-UV is 43% better than clear glass and 23% better than DLA.
DWT is calculated according to a function called Tdw-ISO, developed by the International Standards Organization and published by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), the world's leading technical organization on light and illumination. The Tdw-ISO calculation measures fading risk from solar radiation across the entire solar light spectrum, from Ultra-Violet light through visible light. According to the CIE standard, which is considered more comprehensive than Ultra-Violet rating alone, our UV glass packages can minimize fading damage across the entire solar spectrum more effectively than glass designed primarily to block Ultra-Violet light.
All calculations based on 7/8" thick, double glazed, single strength IG units using NFRC (National Fenestration Rating Council) methodology with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Windows 5.2 software.
NFRC is a non-profit, public/private organization created by the window, door and skylight industry. NFRC's primary goal is to provide accurate information to measure and compare the energy performance of window, door or skylight systems.
Other Glass Options:
- Triple Glazed High Performance Low-E Argon or Krypton Glass
- Inspirations™ Art Glass
- Obscure Glass
- Double Strength Glass
- Tempered Glass
- Tinted Glass in Bronze, Gray or Green
- Azurlite® Glass


Brickcom OB-300Np Star industrial camera
The OB-300Np Star is a consolidation of several models of the Brickcom Industrial Bullet Camera Series designed to cover all requirements for industrial and commercial surveillance or for upgrade camera installations.
The industrial camera features Brickcom’s WDR (wide dynamic range) technology and a 3 MP Sony Exmor CMOS sensor for low lux situations.
Additional features include: IR (infrared) illumination up to 25 m, high-quality video output (2048 x 1536 at 30 fps resolution), IP67 outdoor design, POE and 12 V power supply, and Rapid Auto Focus.
Phone: 07 3120 8700
Pilz PSENopt II safety light curtains are optoelectronic sensing safety devices that detect the...
The Emerson AMS 6500 machinery health monitor is certified for Safety Integrity Level (SIL) 2,...
The Saferoads Zone Essential VMS trailer is solid and reliable.


Lens Blur in the new Google Camera app
April 16th, 2014 | by Research @ Google | published in Google Research
Posted by Carlos Hernández, Software Engineer
One of the biggest advantages of SLR cameras over camera phones is the ability to achieve shallow depth of field and bokeh effects. Shallow depth of field makes the object of interest “pop” by bringing the foreground into focus and de-emphasizing the background. Achieving this optical effect has traditionally required a big lens and aperture, and therefore hasn’t been possible using the camera on your mobile phone or tablet.
That all changes with Lens Blur, a new mode in the Google Camera app. It lets you take a photo with a shallow depth of field using just your Android phone or tablet. Unlike a regular photo, Lens Blur lets you change the point or level of focus after the photo is taken. You can choose to make any object come into focus simply by tapping on it in the image. By changing the depth-of-field slider, you can simulate different aperture sizes, to achieve bokeh effects ranging from subtle to surreal (e.g., tilt-shift). The new image is rendered instantly, allowing you to see your changes in real time.
Lens Blur replaces the need for a large optical system with algorithms that simulate a larger lens and aperture. Instead of capturing a single photo, you move the camera in an upward sweep to capture a whole series of frames. From these photos, Lens Blur uses computer vision algorithms to create a 3D model of the world, estimating the depth (distance) to every point in the scene. Here’s an example — on the left is a raw input photo, in the middle is a “depth map” where darker things are close and lighter things are far away, and on the right is the result blurred by distance:
Here’s how we do it. First, we pick out visual features in the scene and track them over time, across the series of images. Using computer vision algorithms known as Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and bundle adjustment, we compute the camera’s 3D position and orientation and the 3D positions of all those image features throughout the series.
Once we’ve got the 3D pose of each photo, we compute the depth of each pixel in the reference photo using Multi-View Stereo (MVS) algorithms. MVS works the way human stereo vision does: given the location of the same object in two different images, we can triangulate the 3D position of the object and compute the distance to it. How do we figure out which pixel in one image corresponds to a pixel in another image? MVS measures how similar they are — on mobile devices, one particularly simple and efficient way is computing the Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) of the RGB colors of the two pixels.
Now it’s an optimization problem: we try to build a depth map where all the corresponding pixels are most similar to each other. But that’s typically not a well-posed optimization problem — you can get the same similarity score for different depth maps. To address this ambiguity, the optimization also incorporates assumptions about the 3D geometry of a scene, called a “prior,” that favors reasonable solutions. For example, you can often assume two pixels near each other are at a similar depth. Finally, we use Markov Random Field inference methods to solve the optimization problem.
Having computed the depth map, we can re-render the photo, blurring pixels by differing amounts depending on the pixel’s depth, aperture and location relative to the focal plane. The focal plane determines which pixels to blur, with the amount of blur increasing proportionally with the distance of each pixel to that focal plane. This is all achieved by simulating a physical lens using the thin lens approximation.
The algorithms used to create the 3D photo run entirely on the mobile device, and are closely related to the computer vision algorithms used in 3D mapping features like Google Maps Photo Tours and Google Earth. We hope you have fun with your bokeh experiments!


For pricing, details and specification Contact Us
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View the original image here
The orthomosaic image above was created from 80 individual images collected by the UAVs high resolution camera. A combination of computer software, mathematics and photogrammetry techniques makes it possible to stitch these images together to create a highly detailed image. The original image size was approximately 240 MB, when viewed this can show details like footprints, gear boxes and arrows on pipes indicating flow direction.
Orthomosaic and 3D Mapping


Magnifier, Microscope and UV Light
Triplet magnifiers incorporate three separate glass lenses bonded together to provide sharp distinct magnified images A swing-away nickel plated case protects the lens and serves as a handle Protective storage pouch included Focal Distance:0.8" (2.0 cm),Diameter:12.5 mm. Available in 10x, 20x and 30x.
29.80 $(VAT incl.)
Cell Phone Magnifier
Turn on your camera and check out the close-up, zoom up to 60X magnification using your device's digital zoom. Directly connected to your media device, no wire need easy to use. There are 2 LED lights and 1 UV light on this magnifier. The LED lights enable you to use this magnifier in a dark environment; the UV light helps you to check whether you cash is real or fake. The size of this magnifier is 1.8"x0.66"x1.95", a very portable size and with the cloth bag, it is easy to carry with.
Cell Phone Magnifier
14.90 $(VAT incl.)
Magnifier Eyeshade 10x -25x
19.80 $(VAT incl.)
Magnifier Eyeshade Until 25x
A left eyeshade and a right eyeshade with an LED light are installed on the bracket of the glasses which are adjustable to fit in with the face size. The eyeshade can be rotated up and down 180 degrees on the bracket, so that you do not have to remove the entire bracket when you stop using the magnifier.
Magnifier 10x, 15x, 20x and 25x.
Comfortable Magnifier Eyeshade
Very light and comfortable magnifier eyeshade with LED perfect buddy for cabbing. These comes with set of 5 lenses 1x,1.5x,2x,2.5x and 3.5x packed in a box.
Magnifier Eyeshade 1.5x - 3.5x
14.80 $(VAT incl.)
360 degree rotatable binocular head offers six magnification settings 40X, 80X, 100X, 200X, 400X, 800X, and 1000X. Objectives: Achromatic DIN 4X, 10X, 40X(S), 100X(S, Oil) with eyepieces WF10X, WF20X and WF25X. Sturdy Mental Framework, large double layer mechanical stage with scale, abbe NA1.25 condenser with iris diaphragm, coaxial coarse & fine focus knobs and variable intensity LED transmitted illumination system. Come with 10pcs blank slides, attachment for cell phone, You can make your own specimen once out of the box and begin to view them under the microscope. Clinical examination, teaching demonstration, and biological, bacteriological and pharmaceutical researches. Perfect for any hobbyist, student, or even professional.
249.00 $(VAT incl.)
Little pocket ultraviolet LED flashlight for quick check if the object such as stones, scorpions, bugs etc. light. The LED flashlight can be zoomed in or out to adjust the brightness and and illumination areas. The flashlight runs with one AA battery which is not included. Length 95mm x diameter 25mm.
UV Pocket Flashlight
9.90 $(VAT incl.)
UV Light Long Wave
High quality UV flashlight, where you can switch between R5 white light, yellow light, UV 365mn and UV 395mn light. Pocket size but very powerful LED technique 490 lumens with 4 high quality LED’s powered by a build in battery which is per USB wire chargeable. Charging time takes 4 hour after you can use the flashlight 2.40 hours. Aluminium casting length 148mm x diameter 20mm, weight 179 gram.
UV Long Wave Pocket Flashlight
59.80 $(VAT incl.)
UV Short Wave Pocket Flashlight
69.90 $(VAT incl.)
UV Light Short Wave
Small, lightweight lamps are ideal for use anywhere. Single wavelength model 254mn (short wave). Lamps include one 4-Watt tube and measure
L159mm x W51mm x H25mm. average bulb life is 3000 hours. Runs with 4AAA battery which are not included.


Movement Checking Machine
Summary: A machine using a beam of light for checking the rate of balance wheel clocks and watches.
Application Date: 1927-09-01
Issue Date: 1932-03-08
Patent Number: 1848520
Serial Number: 216915
Notes: Westclox started putting a hole in the rim of their balance wheels to use this timing machine. They did this for many years.
A rotating polygonaly faced mirror flashes a beam of light through an optical system. A hole in the balance wheel lets the light through when the hole passes by. If the balance wheel is in synchronization with the projected beams of light, the projected image of the light beam will be stationary on the display screen. If the balance is not in synchronization with the light beams, the project image will move across the screen.
Inventor Information: William Barton Eddison of Ardsley on Hudson, New York, Assignor to Western Clock Company , of Peru, Illinois, a Corporation of Illinois.
Patent Type: Utility
Patent Country: United States
Patent Category: Clock & Watch Manufacturing
Assignee: Western Clock Company 1912 to 1936
Inventor: Eddison, William
Attorney: Neureuther, Andrew
Patent URLs: U.S. Patent Database; Google Patents


Looking for more power for your western big game hunting adventure? Anything Sportsman has the spotting scope for you. Shop HD spotting scopes, modular spotting scopes, digital spotting scopes, angled or straight. Find trusted brands like Vortex Optics, Nikon, Leupold, Bushnell, and Redfield spotting scopes from a variety of optics suppliers. Don't forget to check out our selection of spotting scope accessories like window mounts, tripods, tripod adapters, lens cleaners, and cases to protect your investment on the hunt.


Each IP network camera has its own IP address, data processing function, and built-in application software. It can be used as a network server, FTP server, FTP client and mailbox client. The advanced IP camera also has its special functions, such as motion detection, alarm signal output/input equipment and mail support functions.
The high-quality wireless camera is a new type of surveillance camera that embeds the wireless receiver into the network camera. It uses WIFI channels and complies with the IEEE 802.11B/G standard protocol. The wireless security camera outputs ordinary PAL TV signal with a built-in electronic automatic photosensitive device and provides automatic light compensation function. Its power consumption is particularly small, and prevents image blur and smearing.
The wireless PTZ camera represents the omni-directional (left-right/up-down) movement of the pan/tilt and the zoom control of the lens in the security monitoring application.
In the scene range monitored by the camera, when the moving target appears, the user can manually lock or preset the position to automatically trigger and lock a moving target to trigger the wireless PTZ camera to perform autonomous and automatic PTZ tracking and automatically control the an/tilt omni-directional rotation of PTZ camera. The user automatically tracks of the locked moving target with view to ensure that the tracking target continues to appear in the center of the lens.


LED technology may seem relatively new to some, but the science behind it dates back for decades.
NASA was the first to develop this technology in the 1980s, for use by astronauts while in space. From developing it to grow vegetables in space shuttles, to ailing skin conditions caused by a lack of sunlight, LED Light was proven to benefit NASA astronauts in many ways. As for the different effects of the colour of the light- NASA found that plants favoured certain colours on the wavelength spectrum, growing at faster rates under red and blue light.
These light wavelengths were found to have a similar effect on skin, encouraging cells to regenerate faster and at a higher level, therefore repairing the skin faster, and having a high cell turnaround.
While LED Light Therapy has since developed within the cosmetic industry, the science and benefits behind it are the same.
While some are concerned that by replacing the benefits of natural sunlight with LED light, the UV factor is still apparent. While LED Light produces a very small amount of UV radiation, it does not emit any UV radiation. This is because the amount that is produced is converted to white light by the phosphors inside the lamp.


Canon expands line of mirrorless cameras and lenses for professionals – YMCinema
Canon’s monetary outcomes presentation consists of new and intriguing subjects. For instance, the merger of the Canon Imaging division into the Optical Business division, which can permit the combination of Canon’s in depth optical know-how to strengthen its vary of cameras. Moreover, Canon says it’s going to broaden the road of mirrorless cameras and lenses for professionals.
In accordance with Canon Monetary Outcomes Introduced on the 2021 Company Technique Convention by Fujio Mitarai, Chairman and CEO, the corporate will change its enterprise construction to enhance synergy between product strains. This implies, the elimination of imaging programs to combine into the optical trade. Canon says this alteration will broaden the scope of the cameras to the optical trade and thus simplify the event of the road of cameras and lenses for professionals and superior amateurs. As well as, Canon provides that it’ll give attention to “subsequent technology client video programs”.
We intention to broaden our area of enterprise from cameras to the optical trade by integrating our optical applied sciences cultivated in our digicam enterprise with the wide range of different applied sciences we personal.
As acknowledged within the speech abstract: “The digicam market has contracted considerably resulting from developments within the picture seize capabilities of smartphones. Regardless of this, the broader optical trade is a promising space of progress for imaging units which primarily embrace lenses and sensors. We intention to broaden our area of enterprise from cameras to the optical trade by integrating our optical applied sciences cultivated in our digicam enterprise with the wide range of different applied sciences we personal. The interchangeable lens digicam market continues to contract and has already shrunk to a 3rd of its most dimension, however the fee of decline has slowed down 12 months on 12 months and we now really feel it has began to hit all-time low ”.
Going ahead, we plan to take care of our gross sales income, protecting our main place available in the market by increasing our line of mirrorless cameras and lenses for professionals and superior hobbyists who’re individuals who care. ‘are inquisitive about picture high quality and digicam capabilities.
Canon states that: “Going ahead, we plan to take care of our gross sales income, keep our market management place by increasing our line of mirrorless cameras and lenses for professionals and superior amateurs alike. are individuals who care about picture high quality and digicam capabilities. As well as, we are going to work on constructing subsequent technology client video programs. We are going to broaden these new companies on the identical scale as cameras and community cameras and develop them as a 3rd pillar supporting our optical trade.
Canon has merged its well-known imaging programs with the optical trade to facilitate synergy in manufacturing. On the subject of high-end mirrorless cameras, Canon says this part will proceed to develop, which implies extra variations are anticipated. There isn’t a point out of cinema cameras, nonetheless, between the strains it may be understood that Canon’s intentions are utilizing its sensor know-how to be carried out extra successfully on its skilled merchandise (= cinema cameras). Both means, that is our interpretation. What’s your?


Interlux Ltd was founded in 1996 in Smolian, Bulgaria. In 1997 Interlux started manufacturing emergency EXIT luminaries, incorporating the latest technologies.
Since 1998 all luminaries electronics are SMT (surface mount technology) based, using high quality SMD components.
In 2003 Interlux started manufacturing emergency LED luminaries based on the latest ultra bright LEDs and light guide technology .
Since 2015, company Interlux Ltd moved to town Shumen.
Interlux is an R&D oriented company with very strong R&D team applying the advanced technology design constantly. Interlux always focuses on R&D and enhances quality for its customers. At present Interlux owns several design patents for its products .


The word ‘macro’ has become synonymous with close-up photography. Most compact cameras having a macro shooting mode, and a large number of zoom lenses feature the word ‘macro’ in their title.
Typically, these lenses can reproduce small objects at up to 0.5x life size on a camera’s imaging sensor. In most cases, dedicated macro prime lenses go further still, enabling full 1.0x or 1:1 magnification at their closest focusing distances.
That might not sound particularly impressive, but bear in mind that an APS-C format image sensor is only about the size of a standard postage stamp. You’re therefore filling the entire image frame with something very small and, once the captured image is displayed on a screen or printed on paper, the degree of enlargement is enormous – a macro lens can reveal almost microscopic levels of detail, and make tiny bugs look like giant alien invaders.
The key question is: what makes a ‘good’ macro lens? Let’s take a look at the specifications and features that are important to consider.
How to choose the right lens
Most standard zoom lenses give a maximum magnification factor of about 0.3x. Zoom lenses, and even some prime lenses with a ‘macro’ badge, give a greater magnification of around 0.5x. But if you’re buying a lens for close-up photography, a macro prime that gives a full 1.0x magnification is the best choice. Taking things to the extreme, the Canon MP-E 65mm f/2.8 delivers a monstrous 5.0x maximum magnification, but it’s notoriously difficult and fiddly to use, and generally best avoided.
As we’ve mentioned, a 1.0x magnification factor reproduces an object at full life size on a camera’s sensor. There’s a bonus if you’re using an APS-C format camera with a 1.5x or 1.6x crop factor, as you’ll fill more of the image frame with smaller objects, giving greater ‘effective’ magnification. It’s a similar effect to the way that crop-sensor cameras boost the effective telephoto reach of a lens.
There are several macro prime lenses on the market that are designed exclusively for APS-C format cameras. However, you’re often better off buying a full-frame compatible macro lens. They’re generally not much larger, heavier or more expensive, and you’ll avoid any heartache if you upgrade to a full-frame camera body in the future.
A crucial consideration when choosing a macro lens is the focal length. Unlike when buying regular lenses, it’s not really about wide-angle coverage or telephoto reach. Instead, it’s all about the minimum focusing distance. Macro lenses with a longer focal length have a correspondingly longer minimum focusing distance, putting more working space between you and what you’re shooting when you need to maximize magnification.
For example, the Nikon AF-S DX 40mm f/2.8G Micro lens (Nikon uses ‘Micro’ instead of macro in its lens classifications) has a minimum focusing distance of 16cm. That might sound reasonable, but the focusing distance is always measured from the ‘focal plane’ of the camera, corresponding to the active surface of the image sensor. This is towards the rear of the camera body and, once you take into account the depth of the body and the length of the lens, the front of the Nikon 40mm lens extends to a mere 3.5cm from the subject. That’s less than 1.5 inches, and uncomfortably close for many types of macro photography, especially if you’re trying to shoot bugs and other small wildlife.
Even for inanimate objects, the closeness of the lens will often cast a shadow over what you’re shooting, blocking out ambient light. At the other end of the scale, 150mm and 180mm macro prime lenses have minimum focus distances of around 38cm and 47cm respectively, giving you plenty of breathing space, but they tend to be expensive. All things considered, macro lenses with a focal length of between 90mm and 105mm are the most popular
All things considered, macro lenses with a focal length of between 90mm and 105mm are most popular. They’re a manageable size and weight, affordable to buy, and have a convenient minimum focus distance of around 30cm.
The distance between the front of the lens and the subject will typically be around 14cm, which feels very natural for close-up shooting. To maintain this, most current macro lenses have internal focusing mechanisms, so that the front element of the lens neither rotates nor extends, and doesn’t encroach on the subject at short focus settings.
Autofocus is an important factor for most photographers these days. Given that macro prime lenses also work well for portraiture and general short telephoto shooting, a fast, accurate and quiet autofocus system is good to have.
For extreme close-ups, however, you’re more likely to focus manually, due to the tiny depth of field (which we’ll come to in the next section). A smoothly operating manual focus ring with plenty of rotational travel helps to enable very precise adjustments. It’s a major bonus in a macro lens. The optical quality at very narrow apertures is also important, as you’re likely to have to use narrow apertures to gain even a little depth of field.
Increasingly, macro prime lenses nowadays feature image stabilization. Some, like the Canon EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM and the latest edition of the Tamron SP 90mm f/2.8 Di VC USD Macro, have ‘hybrid’ stabilizers. These are more effective for close-up shooting, as they correct for vertical/horizontal shift in the camera as well as the more usual vibration or ‘wobble’ associated with handheld photography. But while stabilization is nice to have for general and moderately close-up shooting, it’s of negligible benefit for extreme close-ups.
Overall then, we’d recommend a macro lens with a 90mm to 105mm focal length, a fairly fast f/2.8 aperture rating, good autofocus and manual focus facilities, plus effective image stabilization if your camera doesn’t have built-in, sensor-shift stabilization.
The autofocus, fast aperture and stabilizer are more for portraiture and general short-telephoto shooting than for macro photography, but it’s always nice for a lens to have multitasking capabilities.
How to shoot close-ups
There are some useful tricks and tips to be aware of when shooting close-ups. For starters, stillness is essential. More than in any other type of photography, any vibration or movement in the camera can massively degrade the sharpness of the image. For this reason, a tripod is all but essential for shooting extreme close-ups. A problem, however, is that it can be difficult to get the camera sufficiently close to many types of subject when using a regular tripod. A growing number of tripods have a pivot facility, so you can rotate the centre column and use it as a horizontal boom for supporting the camera. This is great for macro shooting, but it’s wise to hang a your camera bag or other additional weight from the tripod to avoid the risk of it toppling over.
Even with the sturdiest tripod in the world and a remote controller than enables you to shoot without touching the camera, DSLRs can still suffer from vibration. This is due to a phenomenon called ‘mirror-bounce’, caused by the action of the reflex mirror flipping up immediately prior to the exposure. This introduces vibrations that can take a moment to dissipate, and it can actually be more of a problem when using a tripod than in handheld shooting, where the relative softness of your hands can act as a vibration damper.If you don’t have a remote controller, some cameras enable you to use the mirror lock-up mode with a self-timer release of between two and 10 seconds
To overcome mirror bounce, many DSLRs have a mirror-up or mirror lock-up shooting mode. On the first press of the shutter/remote controller button, the mirror flips up but the shutter doesn’t open. You can then apply a second press purely to release the shutter, once vibrations have died down. If you don’t have a remote controller, some cameras enable you to use the mirror-up mode with a self-timer release of between two and 10 seconds. Most current Nikon DSLRs don’t enable this combination but, instead, have an ‘exposure delay’ custom setting, which sets an automatic delay between the mirror flipping up and the shutter opening. Indeed, some top-flight cameras also give you the option of using an electronic first curtain to open the shutter, thereby eliminating vibrations from the mechanical shutter as well.
Using Live View
Entry-level DSLRs usually don’t have a mirror-up or exposure delay mode to avoid mirror bounce. A good workaround is to use Live View shooting mode, which locks up the reflex mirror for viewing the subject on the camera’s LCD screen, via the image sensor. You can therefore use Live View with a remote controller or a self-timer delay to avoid mirror-based vibrations. A further bonus of using Live View mode is that you can utilize the magnified preview option to gain utmost accuracy with critical manual focusing, zooming in on the most important part of the subject.
Macro lenses are typically ‘flat field’ lenses, in that they don’t suffer from field curvature. This means that if you’re photographing a flat, two-dimensional object like a postage stamp from head-on, everything should be sharply in focus from the centre to the corners. It’s a bit academic in most cases, however, as you’ll most probably be shooting three-dimensional objects. The problem here is that, at or near their minimum focus distances for gaining high levels of magnification, macro lenses have a tiny depth of field. This is a measure of the distance between the nearest and furthest points in a scene that can be rendered sharply.
As a case in point, let’s say we’re shooting with a 100mm macro lens on a full-frame DSLR, at its closest focus distance: the entire depth of field will be just a single millimeter. Narrow the aperture to f/8 or f/16, and the depth of field only increases to 3mm or 6mm respectively. This is why optical performance at narrow apertures is important with macro lenses. Even so, you can find that only a small part of a three-dimensional object will be sharp in an image, and it’s why accurate focusing is so important.
One trick for extending the depth of field is ‘focus stacking’. This requires you to capture a number of images with the focus distance or the camera itself shifted slightly between successive shots. A ‘macro focusing rail’ like the Manfrotto Micro-positioning Sliding Plate can be a big help in practical terms, but you’ll still need to merge the resulting shots together, using a layer-based editing program like Adobe Photoshop.
Another difficulty with using narrow apertures to gain depth of field is that it can result in relatively slow shutter speeds. That’s bad news, considering that it’s so important to avoid any camera or subject movement. An ideal solution is to use flash, which not only adds illumination right where you need it, but also helps to freeze any motion due to its extremely short duration. The only real downside is that the light from a regular flashgun can be very harsh for macro photography. Also, if the flashgun is placed in the camera’s hotshoe, it’ll be at an oblique angle to the subject when you’re shooting at close range, resulting in the likelihood of deep, dark shadows.
Many camera and flashgun manufacturers therefore make ‘macro flash’ alternatives, based on a ring-shaped flash tube or twin compact flash heads that attach to the front of the lens and are driven by a separate control module, which sits in the camera’s hotshoe.
One final thing to bear in mind with lighting is that apertures for macro shooting might not be what you think they are. As you adjust the focus distance of a macro lens towards its closest setting, less light passes through the lens to the camera. At the very closest focus distance, transmittance is reduced by an amount equivalent to about two f/stops. You’ll need to take this into consideration if you’re using a dedicated light meter, rather than the camera’s built-in light metering system, or applying manual power settings on a flashgun or studio flash heads.


Scanning microscopes incorporate imaging techniques that measure the surface of small molecules, atoms, and microscales. This approach uses the co-operation of the sharp electrically charged probe with the surface of the samples at specific points. This electrically charged probe is used to interact with the sample which supports researchers to understand the property of the sample sample. In addition, a scanning microscope scans the surface of a sample with a sharp probe to view 3D images at a high magnification rate. Scanning probe technology is widely used to study large molecules and biological samples. In addition, probe microscopy technology is used to measure a variety of inorganic (eg to measure the surface chemistry of molecules), synthetic (eg polymer surface determination) and biological materials (eg polymers and polymer matrix). In addition, scanning microscopy technology can also be used to process and monitor the non-conductive environmental sample.
According to the analysis of the report,Global Microscopy Market Status (2015-2019) and Forecast (2020-2024) by Region, Product Type and End Use” It states that Agilent Technologies, Bruker, Hitachi, NT-MDT, Oxford Instruments, Park Systems and many more are the first entities currently operating in the global scanning microscopy market more efficiently to govern worldwide, recording significant market share value, driving the highest growth To market, generate the highest percentage of revenue, maintain the ruling position and gain the competitive advantage by spreading awareness related to the benefits and features of probe microscopy, deliver better customer satisfaction, employ youth and activists, increase the applications and advantages of probe microscopy, analyze the strategies and policies of government and similar bodies, And improve qualitative and quantitative measures for it, implement profit-taking policies and expansion strategies, and establish countless research and development programs.
On the basis of types, the global scanning microscopy market is categorized into atomic force microscopes, scanning tunneling microscopes, and near field scanning optical microscopes. On the basis of applications, the global scanning microscopy market is categorized into life sciences, biology, semiconductors, electronics, materials, and others.
Global Scanning Microscopy Market Report covers company profile of the above mentioned players on few factors for example company overview, business approach, key product offerings, financial performance, KPIs, risk examination, recent developments, regional presence, SWOT analysis and etc. a lot. Conversely, it has been noted that the Global Microscopy Market Research Report also includes an exhaustive analysis and information about the market which has predominant coverage of covid-19 impact on the global Scanning Microscope market along with COVID-19 impact on the products industry chain that depends on upstream and downstream markets.
This microscope offers accurate sampling and flexibility for accurate customer adjustments by mounting with other types of analytical heads. Thus, these types of offerings will support the major manufacturers to attract more customers and thus drive the growth of the market. In addition, the countless advantages of scanning microscope compared to traditional optical microscope will further drive the market growth.
For more information, kindly refer to the link below:-
Ankur Gupta, Head of Marketing and Communications
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