EIZO FlexScan EV2451-WT
LED-skärm - Full HD (1080p) - 23.8"
With even further improved energy efficiency, and an even thinner bottom bezel, the EV2451 combines space saving with energy saving. The monitor features ultra-slim bezels on the sides. Electrostatic switches are placed on the front of the monitor for easy adjustment of monitor settings. Furthermore the bezels are flush with the screen surface, making a completely flat screen perfect for multi-monitor configurations.
- Ultra-thin bezels on all four sides
- Flicker-free viewing
- Auto brightness control
- Significantly reduce blue light
- Smooth color gradations
- Clear view from all angles
- Maximum energy savings
Due to the way brightness is controlled on LED backlights, a small number of people perceive flicker on their screen which causes eye fatigue. The FlexScan EV series utilizes a hybrid solution to regulate brightness and make flicker unperceivable without any drawbacks like compromising color stability - even on low brightness settings. To prevent eye fatigue, a brightness sensor called Auto EcoView detects the changes in the ambient brightness that occurs throughout the day and automatically adjusts the screen to the ideal brightness level.
- Utökad specifikation
- Nedladdningsbara filer


Have you ever wondered how the smallest things look like up close? From one grain of sugar in your coffee, a strand of hair, or your cheek cells, you can’t see these things and examine them closely with just your naked eye. If these items are already difficult to inspect, what more of the smaller parts of an organism and other things that seem almost invisible? This is what microscopes are for.
What Is A Microscope?
A microscope, from the Ancient Greek words mikrós or “small” and skopeîn or “to look or see,” is a tool that is used to view smaller objects that the human eye can see. Microscopy is the scientific field of study which is used to study minute structures and objects by a microscope.
It was in the 16th century when the first compound microscope was discovered by and credited to Zacharias Janssen. Through placing an object at the end of a tube, and placing two lenses on top and bottom of the tube, Zacharias and his father Hans, realized that the object became magnified. Thanks to this discovery, more breakthroughs and innovations were developed that lead to the microscopes we are using today.
How Do Microscopes Work?
The most basic microscopes used in various institutions today make use of a series of lenses that collect, reflect, and focus light into the specimen, which is the object under inspection. Without the presence of light, microscopes won’t work. This kind of microscope is typically used in research centers, schools, and hospitals.
The use of different microscope lenses promotes magnification without altering the quality of the image produced. Aside from the lens magnification, it’s also important to identify the microscope field of view to accurately measure the size of your specimen. Also, most microscopes have binocular lenses consisting of two lenses and a prism to split the image on both oculars where you’ll peek through.
On another end of the microscope are objective lenses which are responsible for collecting and concentrating light into the specimen. These objective lenses have varying strengths which can be used one at a time by adjusting the revolving nosepiece.
An instrument called an eyepiece magnifies the object by changing the wavelength of light that is used in the instrument to make it function. There are many types of eyepieces, each capable of different tasks. The most common eyepieces are those which use gas-displacement technology to supply light. The next common eyepiece is the gas-corrected model. The third common eyepiece is the photocell model.
Other types of eyepieces exist and are used depending on the needs of the experiment being conducted. By learning how a microscope works, researchers will be able to use these eyepieces in their experiments, thus providing better ways to study nature and its workings.
Microscopes are usually powered by batteries or by mechanical mechanisms to allow the observation of objects up to 10 times smaller than their original size. If a microscopic specimen is not handled correctly or in an inappropriate way, it can distort the image and give misleading results. Therefore, using the right type of microscope and handling it properly is important for viewing your chosen object.
Here are five types of microscope, their specific qualities, and uses:
- Simple Microscope
A simple microscope is simply a large magnifying glass with a shorter focal length that has a convex mirror with a small focal area. The most common examples of this type of device are the handheld lens and eyepiece lens.
When a material is held close to the lens of the microscope, its focus is created, and the original object becomes magnified and more erect. Then, it focuses on a portion of the material by bringing together the two edges of the lens. This creates a smaller, more focused image of the material than the larger area.
Since it’s only a simple microscope, it only has one magnification level depending on what lens is used. Therefore, simple microscopes are only used for reading and magnifying non-complex items. For instance, you can use a magnifying glass to zoom in the details of a map.
- Compound Light Microscope
A compound microscope is the most common type of microscope used today, which mechanism is explained earlier. It is basically a microscope that has a lens or a camera on it that has a compound medium in between. This compound medium allows for magnifications in a very fine scale.
While the simple microscope only requires natural light to see the object, a compound light microscope needs an illuminator to view the specimen. These are the basic specifications of a compound microscope:
- Magnification: This pertains to making the specimen look larger through the microscope through zooming in the lenses. Magnification is a quantified property which ranges from 40x, 100x, 400x, and up to 1000x.
- Resolution: This refers to how good the image is captured by the compound microscope lens. A higher resolution means that the image will be clearer and more detailed. Also, it has an improved visual clarity as it has more layers of magnifications.
- Contrast: Like in photography, the background’s darkness relative to the focus or specimen is referred to as contrast. Excellent contrast is typically achieved through staining the specimen so its colors would stand out when viewed in the microscope.
Compound microscopes are extremely useful for research on different areas. It has made a big impact on science and technology in general. Some of its popular uses are when viewing a scientific specimen for educational and research purposes. If you’re looking into studying in medical school, you’ll often encounter this type of microscope in your classes.
- Stereo Microscope
The stereo microscope, dissecting or stereoscopic microscope, is an optical microscopy version designed specifically for low magnification imaging of a biological specimen. It works through reflecting light off the specimen’s surface rather than transmitted through its medium.
This type of microscope is often used in chemistry laboratories where more detailed, three-dimensional images are required that would be possible with an electron microscope or other high-powered microscope. While the stereo microscopy technology has existed for over 100 years, stereo microscopes only recently have come into being in the laboratory and can produce higher quality images than ever before.
Many people choose stereoscopes over other microscope models because it can produce better quality images depending on one’s needs. In addition, these microscope models require less maintenance and are inexpensive. Stereo microscope applications involve less thorough microscopic requirements, such as viewing manufacturing materials, circuit board work, dissection, and inspection.
- Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
A scanning electron microscope is a very popular type of scanning electron microscopes, which produces images of a material by scanning the sample with a high-powered beam of electrons. The electrons interacting with atoms within the sample create different signals which contain data about the structure and topography of the material. The images that are produced using these microscope instruments are highly accurate as well as they can be viewed in high resolution using a microscope eyepiece or magnifier.
To obtain appropriate results from an SEM, the sample or specimen should have electrical conduction for the electrons to bounce off on its surface, thus producing a clear image. For the sample to become electrically conductive enough, they’re coated in a thin layer of metals like gold.
Several techniques can be employed to enhance the image quality of SEM, such as: fluorescence imaging, tip electron microscopy, multi-beam scanning and the use of colloidal crystals.
Additionally, it’s important to use the microscope in good working condition as this will reduce the quality of images that you receive. With all these things in place, you can have a great instrument that will allow you to view and examine the smallest sample possible.
Listed below are the best applications and uses of a scanning electron microscope:
- Semiconductor inspection
- Materials science
- Medical science
- Forensic investigation
- Soil and rock sampling
- Nanowires for gas sensing
- Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Transmission electron microscopy is an optical microscopy method in which an electrical beam of electrons is transmitted through an unstained sample to create an optical image of the sample. Instead of sending electrons to scan and bounce off the specimen as what SEMs do, TEMs allow the electrons to pass through the thin sample. The sample is usually an ultrathin slice less than 50 micrometers thick or an electrolyte suspension suspended on a grid of grid-like plates.
In contrast to ordinary compound microscopes, TEMs have amazing magnification that’s possibly 10,000 times more than what optical microscopes do, allowing researchers to view exceptionally small specimens. It can even illustrate the arrangement of the atoms within a sample.
Because of the sophistication of TEMs, they’re extremely technical and expensive. Students usually don’t have access to this type of microscope as they’re for scientists doing demanding work involving the field of nanotechnology, medical research, life sciences, biological research, material research, gemology, and metallurgy.
However, the samples require detailed preparation where it must be placed in a vacuum chamber. Thus, living samples such as protozoa can’t be examined under TEM. while the samples can be stained or coated with chemicals to protect their structure, there are higher chances that the microscope will still destroy the sample. Despite these drawbacks, the contributions of transmission electron microscopes are unrivaled.
In countless ways possible, microscopes have so many to offer science. Thanks to microscopes, studies and learning requiring object magnification can be executed properly. Microscopes also lay the groundwork for more scientific developments to come. As the world’s understanding of technology increases, it might only take some time before microscopes transform into new types with even more potential than what are present today.


The production friendly concept of the modulux LED curing units allows you to configure your web press according to your requirements. You can choose all the equipment you need to fully configure your web press from our catalogue. Choose either the basic modulux set-up or customise it with additional accessories and components, you can even add the complete technical integration as well as installation services
– all at a reasonable price – it's up to you!
- Easy Integration with standardised brackets
- Rock solid with long lifetime up to 30,000 h
- Lamp length up to 720 mm scalable in 24 mm steps
- Powerful intensity up to 25 W/cm²
Traditional UV suppliers cannot match the savings
Choose from our affordable
modulux LED packages
Need to speed up?
Do it with modulux!
- no warm-up / cool-down times, ready to go
- over 30,000 hours lifetime of LEDs
- Instant on/off no energy use in stand-by mode
- minimal thermal impact on the film and the machine
- environment friendly no ozone and no mercury
- 30-60 % less LEDs to achieve the same UV curing radiant intensity (than other systems)
- maximum peak intensity in comparison to other systems
- 30-50 % higher radiant intensity at same distance (than other systems)
Your application – your modulux
Equip your web press with a highly productive LED system
You can equip nearly every web press with a high performance modulux curing system, whether it is a narrow or mid-web process. Due to the modular design (also with optional components), the modulux unit will suit your every need.
Narrow web printing
- Seamless LED integration after each station
- Various labelling substrates are possible: from paper to shrink sleeves to unsupported films to metallic foil or even heat-sensitive materials like synthetics
- High speed up to 200 m/min (650 ft/min)
Easy and low-cost integration
Purchase just the modulux LED components that you need for a tailored press integration. This saves you money on unnecessary accessories, services or components that you actually don't need.
Fit and forget
Be surprised by an excellent lifetime
Technical features such as, heat management, packing technology and the use of tailored driving technology ensure that the lifetime of modulux LED units exceeds. Unlike UV lamp technology, modulux LEDs can be switched on/off immediately which increases the lifetime and reduces energy costs in stand-by mode. modulux LED curing units offer superior uniformity and a more reliable production process in contrast to UV lamps.
High quality with a reasonable price
use a modulux curing system
and benefit from:
- an inexpensive system
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Smart Heat Management
with pure water-cooling
In general, LEDs generate a high heat load during operation, which is the main cause of lifetime reduction. That's why an excellent heat management design is so important to reduce the working temperature of the chips as far as possible.
Aligning the LEDs directly on the circuit boards, is still the best packing method, which will minimize the heat transfer. By adopting very high thermal conductivity materials in conjunction with water cooling, stable and precise output can be provided by the ideal working temperature of the chips, within 15–25 °C, that leads to a LED lifetime over 30,000 hours.
The optics are made of lenses that are specially designed for labelling and allow a high UV output on the substrate. The core optical design scheme with a uniform continuous spot strip can effectively increase the peak intensity of the spectrum to 120–200 % of the 395 nm (standard) band of the mercury lamp.
Need the hard facts?
Here you go!
|Dose @ 100 m/min
|220 mJ/cm² *
|Max. supported speed
|up to 200 meter/min in Flexo
|20–100 % // 1 %-steps
|< 1 s
|> 30,000 hours
|395 nm (standard) other wavelength available on request
|UV LED varnish support
|UV LED Metal Ink support
Specifications may be changed and are different with actual products
Reasons to buy
- More choices with cooLED prices
Use the modular concept to configure your low-cost LED UV curing system. Choose either the basic modulux unit or customize it with additional accessories and components, including the technical installation from IST Metz – all at a reasonable price.
- Tailored equipment
Pay only the accessories and services you really need. Our configurator shows you hardware and optional service packages.
- Cost-efficient and energy saving
A reduced use of LEDs at a higher peak and radiant intensity, make the modulux unit a highly efficient LED curing system and with the instant on/off function there is no energy use in stand-by mode.
- Various applications possible
Due to the modular design, you can equip nearly every web press with a high performance modulux curing system, that will suit your every need.
- High quality system
With low investment costs - you will benefit from all the advantages of the latest LED curing technology.
From UV unit to complete system
Build your own LED UV curing system!
The modulux system can be supplied as fully configured package including cables, power supply, control and chiller, full light shielding and interlocking for total safety compliance. There is everything you need to equip and run your press, including the technical installation by IST Metz.
You need only the LED unit?
No problem at all. All components can also be ordered separately.


Gone are the days when patients with astigmatism or patients over 40 couldn’t wear contact lenses. I now firmly believe that every single person that is capable of putting a contact lens in their eye can find a contact lens solution that will work with their prescription. The main problem I still have in fitting contact lenses nowadays is dry eye, and advances in technology have improved this as well.
All categories of contact lenses have seen improvements, from soft lenses to hard (gas-permeable) lenses and even lenses in between (hybrid designs). Soft lenses are now available in very breathable materials with advanced surface treatments to promote wetting and comfort. Off-the-shelf parameters have increased and custom-order soft lenses are available in pretty much any desired power, from astigmatism to bifocal/multifocal and in the highest of nearsighted or farsighted powers.
In many cases, daily disposables exist for patients that want the freshness and convenience of a one-day use lens (without the hassle of cleaning them every night). For those patients desiring something more customized and optically stable (particularly for patients with astigmatism), gas-permeable (GP) lenses are now being made so precisely, and in so many new materials, that doctors can control nearly any parameter they want for the most custom-fit lens any eye could desire.
Hybrid designs are improving rapidly; these have the optically superior GP lens center, but with a comfortable soft lens skirt around the edges. This design gives the potential for GP optics, but in a softer, more familiar fit to previous soft lens wearers. For diseased corneas (those patients with keratoconus or other corneal disease or dystrophy), and even for those patients who have normal corneas but desire the most stable vision and sharpest optics available, scleral lenses are the “newest and coolest” contact lenses on the market. These lenses are ultra-breathable, large diameter GP lenses that rest on the whites of the eyes (the sclera) avoiding corneal influence altogether. Lastly, overnight corneal reshaping and myopia (nearsightedness) control lenses worn like retainers only at night offer freedom from contacts and glasses during the day, and even have the potential to slow down the progression of myopic growth in children.
If you’ve ever been told you couldn’t wear contact lenses, now’s the time to ask again. Any eye doctor familiar with these new technologies can recommend a good lens to start with. Your options are only limited by your willingness to try something new and different!


The global fiber optics market is expected to reach USD 9.12 billion by 2025, according to a new report by Hexa Reports. The growing necessity of data security in the military & aerospace sector has increased the growth and penetration of this technology. There is a huge demand for fiber optic connectors in the security sector owing to their bandwidth capabilities, inherent security, and protection against signal interference. The growing adoption of the optical technology in medical and aerospace arenas is anticipated to revolutionize the market by 2025.
Leading players integrate vertically across the entire supply chain to stay ahead in the competition by compensating for inadequacies, increasing revenue, and eliminating competitive scenarios. The upcoming era is expected to witness the adoption of technology in the dynamic application segment that includes railways, architecture & construction, and BFSI, owing to the growing automated high-tech maintenance requisites and escalating importance of data (as an asset).
The growing penetration of technology is encouraging manufacturers and suppliers to invest in research & development for creating better products. As the production and installation of products.
Browse Detail Report With TOC @ http://www.hexareports.com/report/fiber-optics-market
Accordingly, production is being optimized by manufacturers worldwide, regulating efficiency and prices to curb alternatives to fiber optics technology.
The market by varied categories of fiber optics includes single-mode, multimode, and plastic optical fibers. Based on application type, the market has been segmented into telecom, oil & gas, military & aerospace, BFSI, medical, railway, and other associated technology applications. The telecom sector is the biggest application sector in terms of size and is subject to regulations imposed by the government and other related regulatory authorities. From the manufacturing of to their application, several regulations are to be followed by manufacturers and suppliers. These regulations vary depending on the additions or innovations in technology.
Further key findings from the report suggest:
- The multimode segment dominated the overall market in 2015. The multimode technology allows simultaneous propagation of multiple modes of light. This enhances the transfer rate of audio/video applications, particularly in Local Area Networks (LANs).
- The growing demand for optic cables can be accredited to the rising bandwidth needs across carriers and enterprise networks.
- Fiber optics has exciting new applications in the medical industry and is mainly used in light conduction and illumination, flexible bundling, and laser delivery systems.
- The North American region dominated the market and accounted for the largest global market share (in terms of revenue) in 2015.
- Key industry participants include Corning, Inc. (U.S.), Optical Cable Corporation (U.S.), Sterlite Technologies Limited (India), and OFS Fitel, LLC (U.S.).
Request A Sample copy of This Report @
Table Of Content
Chapter 1 Methodology and Scope
1.1 Research Methodology
1.2 Research Scope & Assumptions
1.3 List of Data Sources
Chapter 2 Executive Summary
2.1 Fiber Optics – Industry Snapshot & Key Buying Criteria, 2014 – 2025
Chapter 3 Fiber Optics Industry Outlook
3.1 Market Segmentation & Scope
3.2 Fiber Optics Market Size and Growth Prospects
3.3 Fiber Optics – Value Chain Analysis
3.4 Market Dynamics
3.5 Key Opportunities – Prioritized
3.6 Industry Analysis – Porter’s
Chapter 4 Fiber Optics Market: Application Estimates & Trend Analysis
4.1 Fiber Optics Market: Application Movement Analysis
Chapter 5 Fiber Optics Market: Type Estimates & Trend Analysis
5.1 Fiber Optics Market: Type Movement Analysis
Chapter 6 Fiber Optics Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis
6.1 Fiber Optics Market Share by Region, 2015 & 2024
6.2 North America
6.4 Asia Pacific
Chapter 7 Competitive Landscape
7.1 Company Profiles


Heidi Ottevaere is a professor at the Faculty of Engineering of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). She holds responsibility for the Instrumentation and Metrology platform at the Photonics Innovation Center and heads the research unit 'biophotonics sensing' at the Brussels Photonics Team B-PHOT. Heidi coordinates and actively participates in various research and industrial projects with a primary focus on the design, fabrication, and characterization of diverse photonic components and systems. Her expertise spans the fields of biophotonics, environmental monitoring, interferometry, holography, and imaging. Specifically, she concentrates on developing sensitive and compact optical-based detection probes for measuring particles, contaminants, bacteria, biofilms, and other substances in water.


LED lights isn’t a new technology; as a matter of fact, it has actually been with us since the 1960’s. LED light bulbs were initially utilized as a substitute for incandescent signs as well as screens in laboratory equipment and at some point in TELEVISION’s, watches, radios and also calculators.
LED costs have just lately has actually gone down enough to make them feasible for domestic as well as commercial markets. LED home lights can include anything from outside to Christmas lights With the present impending power crisis in South Africa, as well as stress applied on governments and services alike for even more lasting energy services, LED lights have a bright future in space lights services.
Major advantages of using LED lights
Firstly, LED lights are even more reliable than any other lights choice commercially available presently. LED light bulbs have a 100,000 hour life-span, and will last for 11 years at continuous operation, or 22 years at 50% operation.
Contrast this to the approximate life-span of 5,000 hrs for an incandescent light bulb and 10,000 hours for a fluorescent light. Many companies discover the lifespan of LED light bulbs very appealing – visualize only need to alter the signage on a company residential property when every 11 years. With incandescent and fluorescent bulbs, real expense of the light bulb must include the labor expenditure and time needed to change them. LED lights practically eliminate lights upkeep costs.
The 2nd major benefit as well as crucial toughness of using LED illumination over standard lighting is the reduced power intake. An LED light bulb can converting 80% of the electrical energy used into light power. The staying 20% electric power is shed as heat energy. Find out more information about best led strip lights for room by clicking the link.
Incandescent light bulbs just convert 20% of the electrical energy utilized right into real light power, which suggests that an incredible 80% of electric power is lost as heat. If you contrast the 80% efficiency of LED lights with the 20% effectiveness of incandescent lights, the ideal selection of light bulb is rather noticeable.
Significant drawbacks of using LED lights.
The primary constraint is the present high expense of LED light bulbs. Even though the expense of LED lights in South Africa is continuously lowering, changing a 100W incandescent light bulb with an LED choice can cost regarding R5,000.
The startup cost may appear challenging, however LED light bulbs spend for themselves gradually because they can last for up to 11 years, and also saves a lot of cash in terms of electricity used. For services, making use of LED lights makes a great deal of sense since the lowered maintenance costs more than make up for the steep start-up price.
Leading services are doing it
Numerous blue chip companies as well as resorts in South Africa such as Woolworths, CFC, Sasol, Caltex, Protea Resort Team as well as Ster Kinekor presently make use of LED lighting remedies. LED lights are utilized from stairnose lights, light line, wall wash lighting as well as signs lighting to color-changing till numbers and controls, building illumination and fridge freezer illumination.
These businesses have actually recognized LED as the favored illumination option for the future. With LED light bulb startup prices plunging, a lot more business will adhere to these magnate as well as find a pain-free illumination solution that will certainly last them a years, as well as conserve them money.


Verification of computer display pre-compensation for visual aberrations in an artificial eye digital image processing for pre-compensation of higher-order . This issue was overcome by using a reference image of the system, recorded in the same conditions, to compute the aberrations of the internal ocular optics this removes any systematic aberrations present in the apparatus. Nevertheless, the experimental measurement of the overall ocular aberrations is the most direct and accurate way to evaluate the effects of refractive surgery on global image quality, and it can be directly related to visual performance.
The quality of the retinal image is mostly limited by the aberrations of the eye the eye is a complex structure, and each of its components contributes differently to final optical performance thus, the study of individual contributions to ocular aberrations has become of great importance for both basic science and clinical applications. Jian huang, a barreto, m adjouadi (2012) dynamic image pre-compensation for computer access by individuals with ocular aberrations 2012 annual international conference of the ieee engineering in medicine and biology society, pages 3320-3323. Ocular aberrations before and after myopic corneal refractive surgery: lasik-induced changes measured with laser ray tracing trackers for compensation of eye . Comparing to glasses, contact glasses and ocular surgery, on-screen image pre-compensation can be easily carried out by computer calculation without any irreversible change in the eyes, as long as the ocular aberration is known.
The human eye is affected by aberrations that can degrade retinal image quality recent studies have found that in pre-presbyopic patients, the magnitude of higher order aberrations for the cornea . This paper proposes an image enhancement approach based on dynamic pre-compensation for improving the visual performance of subjects with ocular aberrations, while interacting with computers the degradation caused by ocular aberrations is counteracted through the pre-compensation performed on images displayed on the computer screen. Corneal aberrations were higher than ocular aberrations due to compensation from the internal aberrations for manifest keratoconus, the corneal and ocular vertical coma displayed the largest difference being 386 and 785 times higher, respectively, than normal eyes, while the largest differences for suspected keratoconus were only 53 and 40 . Abstract the objective was to study the relative contribution of the optical aberrations of the cornea and the internal ocular optics (with the crystalline lens as the main component) to overall aberrations in the human eye.
A pre-compensation algorithm for different optical aberrations using an enhanced wiener filter and edge tapering soheil mohamadpour1, alireza mehridehnavi1,3, hossein rabbani1,2,vasudevan lakshminarayanan3 1 biomedical engineering department, isfahan university of medical sciences, isfahan, iran 2 medical image and signal processing research center, isfahan university of medical sciences . Download free full-text of an article a method for pre-compensation of digital images based on total variation deconvolution, and comparing it with wiener deconvolution, to enhance visual efficiency in the presence of higher order ocular optical aberrations. In this method, the presented images are preprocessed by performing personalised compensation according to the ocular aberration of the computer user in order to overcome the mismatch between the aberration used to generate the precompensation and the actual aberrations at the time of viewing, dynamic ocular aberrations are derived from the .
Journal of refractive surgery | purpose:to determine the spherical wave aberration of the human eye based on corneal topographymethods:based on the pre- and postoperative status of 146 . Alonso jr, m, barreto, ab: pre-compensation for high-order aberrations of the human eye using on-screen image deconvolution ieee engineering in medicine and biology society. Request pdf on researchgate | dynamic image pre-compensation for computer access by individuals with ocular aberrations | several image enhancement methods have been successfully used to improve . Request pdf on researchgate | contrast improvement in pre-compensation of ocular aberrations for computer users | ocular aberrations in the human eye prevent many users from interacting . The time courses of convolved images of the letter “e” based on the measured aberrations are also shown in movie 1 for (a) the normal and (b) the moderate kc eye the convolved images are calculated under normal viewing condition by including chromatic aberration to simulate the theoretical retinal image quality.
An image processing approach to pre-compensation for higher-order aberrations in the eye miguel alonso jr , armando barreto keywords: deblurring , optical transfer function , point spread function , retina , pre-deblurring , deconvolution. An aberration is the difference between an ideal image and a real image an aberration causes the point of an image to appear as a fuzzy dispersion spot the object of a flat image no longer appears to be in an object plane but rather appears as a curved surface with a loss of contrast sensitivity. Contrast improvement in pre-compensation of ocular aberrations for computer users jian huang , armando barreto , miguel alonso , malek adjouadi biomedical sciences instrumentation.
[taylor & francis online], [web of science ®], have described a method to perform the pre-compensation of onscreen images according to the user's particular visual aberration this method relies on a priori knowledge of the visual aberration, characterized by wavefront analysers. An image processing approach to pre-compensation for higher-order aberrations in the eye miguel alonso jr department of electrical and computer engineering, florida international university. T he human eye is affected by aberrations that can degrade retinal image quality corneal and total ocular aberrations after lasik/gatinel et al compensation .


Curved around your eyes for the ultimate viewing comfort
• 4000 R Curvature: The optimal curvature to ensure comfortable viewing on a 23.5” screen, delivering a wider field of view that’s easy on the eyes.
• Cognitive Research: Experts have found that people perceive curves as more visually comforting than hard lines and angles. Simply viewing the curves of an object triggers relief in the brain.
Brilliant picture quality from every angle
• Best-in-Class 3000:1 Static Contrast Ratio: More vivid than conventional monitors to provide truly brilliant pictures with deeper blacks, pristine whites, amazingly bright colours, and less light leakage.
• Wide Viewing Angle: Delivers a 178° wide viewing angle horizontally and vertically for optimal viewing experience from any angle.


Capturing nature beauty in perfect light, with the perfect angle using your smartphone or tablet have never been so easy with the new Polyplab Coral view lens.
Taking pictures of your beautiful corals often requires changing your aquarium light color spectrum or mount complex lighting setup. With the new Polyplab Coral view lens, take pictures quickly and easily for the perfect shot every time.
The Polyplab Coral view lens fits on the majority of the smartphone and tablets available on the market and all optical lens comes in his own protective casing for years of uses
professional pictures of coral and fish directly from your phone!
Using a phone to take pictures of a saltwater aquarium can be difficult with the high amount of blue that is emitted from the light. Taking a decent picture usually requires changing your lighting spectrum and playing with your camera's settings. Professional photographers use colored filters to accentuate colors, and shooting photos of reef tanks are no different. Just clip the PolypLab Coral View Lens onto your phone, attach your preferred filter lens and start showing off your corals and fish.
Polyp Lab's Coral View Lens is ideal for reef tanks with their modular lens system. You can use one filter or if you need a little more fine-tuning, use multiple lenses to get the perfect photo. You no longer need to adjust your lighting spectrum just to take a photo.


Klean Edge Cove LED
The Klean Edge Cove by FORUM is a fully integrated cove lighting system.
A fully integrated cove lighting system which creates a straight, clean cove every time, in every space. Klean Edge Cove is a 2” x 8” housing, with a 4 ¾” aperture.
Three unique profiles provide maximum aesthetic impact. Staggered lamps and shielding options provide seamless light quality, without scalloping for even distribution.
Klean Edge Cove accommodates both regular and high-output T5 lamps, and the latest in LED technology.


Dr. Sangeeta Murugkar leads the Carleton Biophotonics Research Group at Carleton University. Prior to joining the faculty at Carleton University, Dr. Murugkar researched Quantum Nonlinear Optics and Biophotonics at the University of Ottawa. She is currently developing a portable optical probe that will use coherent Raman spectroscopy to directly detect ovarian cancer. Sangeeta has a PhD in Physics from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and Post-doctoral experience in Engineering Physics at McMaster University. Her undergraduate degree in Physics from the University of Bombay (Mumbai), India was followed by a MSc degree in Physics from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur.


ALMASpace Bi-Axial Sun Sensor is a low cost attitude determination device suitable both for LEO and GEO orbits. Each Sun Sensor group is capable to estimate the Satellite-to-Sun vector with 0.1° (down to 0.01° when the sun radiation is perpendicular to the sensor surface) of accuracy.
The SunSensor digital data output can be selected among ALMASpace CanBus standard protocol, I2C bus or RS232 port. The standard data output is represented by the three components of the Satellite-to-Sun vector and the figure of merit of measurement accuracy.
The SunSensor system can be controlled by external devices in order to modify the sensitivity to sunlight and power light threshold. ALMASpace BiAxial SunSensor is a PSD based system, with a wide angle optical frontend able to guarantee an increased precision, radiation power, and field of view.


Infrared rays are used in physical therapy.
Flashing LEDs and photodiodes are used ubiquitously in remote controls, automation systems, security systems, some mobile phones (infrared), etc. The infrared rays do not distract the person's attention because of its invisibility.
Interestingly, the infrared remote control domestic easily fixed with a digital camera.
Infrared emitters are used in industry for drying paint surfaces. Infrared drying method has significant advantages over conventional, convection method. The first is, of course, the economic effect. Speed and power, used in infrared drying less the same performance with traditional methods.
Using infrared radiation sterilizing foods to disinfect.
History of infrared radiation
Infrared radiation was discovered in 1800 by English astronomer William Herschel. Pursuing the study of the Sun, Herschel was looking for a way to reduce heating tool with which observations were made. Defining by thermometers actions of different parts of the visible spectrum, Herschel discovered that the "high heat" is for a strong red color and possibly "the apparent refraction." This research laid the foundation for the study of infrared radiation.
Very strong infrared radiation in areas of high heat can dry out the mucous membrane of the eye. The most dangerous when not accompanied by emission of visible light. In such places need to wear special goggles for the eyes.


Description:Title: Quantum sensing and quantum nanophotonics at ORNL
Two-mode squeezed light sources exhibiting continuous variable entanglement allow us to reduce the noise floor in optically transduced sensors below the standard quantum limit, enabling greater signal to noise ratios than are possible in the best possible classical sensors. I will present some of our recent results demonstrating quantum enhanced sensitivity for applications ranging from magnetometry to plasmonic sensing to atomic force microscopy. I will also discuss some of our recent research efforts exploring quantum nanophotonics with plasmonic nanostructures and single photon emitters in low-dimensional materials. I will close with a summary of our new research programs centering on nano- and mesoscale characterization of quasiparticle, vortex, and two-level-system interactions with light in superconducting quantum devices.
Location and Address
321 Allen Hall


High-clarity microscope slides cover glass are widely used in scientific research, educational testing and routine medical examination. The cover glasses can be made into microscope slides with adhesive glass carrier or silicone adhesive under low intensity vacuum. They need to be polished by special machine for making a plane surface. Our laboratory glassware strictly meets test standards of most countries and customers’ requirements.
microscope slides cover glass | 500 boxes
Lab glass slides also called cover glass, are used to support a specimen on a microscope slide. These slides come in two formats: cover glass and insert glass. Cover glass slides have a layer of high-quality glass that is 99.5% optical grade. It’s smooth and has a highly polished surface for excellent specimen presentation.
selling unit:- 500 boxes


We’ve put together some commonly asked questions to give you more information about NIR Spectroscopy
What is NIR Spectroscopy?
NIR spectrometers consist of a light source, a tool to split the light into separate wavelengths, and a detector. NIR spectra create a “fingerprint” of the sample by the NIR energy transmitting through it (often but not exclusive to liquids) or reflecting off it (solids) and the subsequent NIR radiation interaction. The instrument detector collects the light after interaction with the sample. These spectra include data related to the physical and chemical properties of molecules in the sample by absorption of chemical bonds. However, there is often overlap between the wavelengths of chemical bonds in the NIR spectral range (750 to 2500nm), so the spectra can be difficult to interpret visually. A single peak absorption change cannot be attributed to the change in one chemical or physical property because of the vibrational energy overlap between different bonds. Because of this, mathematical pre-processing and chemometrics must be used to extract relevant information from spectral data. Mathematical models are created that are used for either classification or a quantitative measurement that correlates the NIR spectra to reference data for a parameter of interest. Once such models are created and validated, they can use the NIR spectra for direct measurement.
In some cases, a process known as local modeling is used where classification is first performed, and then a subsequent quantitative model is chosen to measure a parameter of interest-based on the classification analysis. Multiple models can be created from one set of NIR spectra if there are reference methods for all parameters of interest. It is also essential to use a calibration data set that covers the entire range of the parameters of interest to be measured.
What is the difference between NIR and FT-NIR Spectrometers?
FT-NIR (Fourier Transform-NIR) is a technique used to simultaneously collect high-resolution spectral data over the entire range of interest. There are significant advantages to this method over a dispersive spectrometer, which measures intensity over a very narrow range of wavelengths over time. This technique requires repeated measurements to obtain absorption spectra over the full range of interest. FT-NIR spectrometers use a light beam containing multiple frequencies which is modified very quickly in a short period of time. This occurs by shining the light into a Michelson interferometer, a configuration of two mirrors. One mirror is fixed and the other moves to transmit and block different wavelengths of light. The raw data is the light absorption for each mirror position and processing is required to change the raw data into the desired spectrum showing the light absorption at each wavelength. The processing is known as a Fourier Transform and it converts displacement of the mirror (measured in cm and called an interferogram) into the inverse domain and resulting absorbance spectrum (wavenumber in cm-1). FT-NIR spectrometers collect spectra in wavenumber (an inverse measure of distance) as opposed to dispersive NIR spectrometers collecting spectra in wavelength (a measurement of frequency).
There are numerous advantages to using FT-NIR spectrometers over dispersive instruments. Both resolution (WHY) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) tend to be higher for FT-NIR instruments. Higher SNR is the result of simultaneous wavelength collection as well as higher throughput. Wavelength accuracy is higher as well because wavelength is calibrated in FT-NIR instruments by passing a laser beam of known wavelength through the interferometer. Wavelength calibration in dispersive instruments is dependent on the mechanical movement of diffraction gratings and this can lead to inaccuracy. Imperfections in diffraction gratings and accidental reflections can also lead to stray light in dispersive instruments, which is the radiation of one wavelength appearing in another wavelength in the spectrum. Because the wavelength is determined by the modulation frequency of the interferometer in FT-NIR spectrometers, there is no direct equivalent to the stray light that can be found in dispersive instruments.
The primary advantage of FT-NIR spectrometers is that instruments are inherently reproducible, which eliminates the need for method transfer of calibration models needed to analyze the spectra. The process of collecting spectral data and correlating reference values of the parameter of interest to the spectra using chemometrics can be time-consuming and reference tests can be expensive. When a calibration model is created using one dispersive spectrometer, it may not work on another spectrometer of the same type because of differences in the dispersive element. One good example of this is AOTF spectrometers, which use a crystal modulated at different frequencies to disperse light into different wavelengths. Such instruments can never be reproduced due to the inability to duplicate crystals. Calibration models can be transferred from one instrument to another using mathematical algorithms and software standardization. This process is known as method transfer. Method transfer can be difficult, time-consuming, error-inducing, and sometimes may not work at all depending on the type of spectrometer, especially when transferring to multiple instruments. FT-NIR spectrometers require no method transfer between instruments, even when using calibration models made by a different vendor as long as the original instrument is also an FT-NIR spectrometer. This results in saving of time and resources, especially when deploying multiple instruments in a production environment.
What are the Advantages of Using NIR Spectroscopy Over Traditional Testing Methods and Other Spectroscopic Methods?
NIR spectrometers offer a fast, non-invasive, and cost-effective method for testing parameters of interest in numerous industries. There is little if any sample preparation required and no sample destruction. No chemicals or solvents are required for use. While NIR spectroscopy requires the creation of calibration models using chemometrics to correlate spectra to reference values, once these models are constructed the benefits are enormous. Multiple parameters can be measured with a single scan after models are created. Reference testing in the food and beverage industries often consists of expensive and time-consuming tests like HPLC and wet chemistry tests. These tests require skilled technicians and if not performed on-site, the results can take a week or longer to obtain. Performing such tests in a real-time process setting is often impractical if not impossible. Advances in the technology of NIR spectrometers and the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative have led to the implementation of NIR spectroscopy as a real-time process control tool.
Various spectroscopic methods exist but NIR spectroscopy has proven to be the most suitable technology in many industries for measuring parameters of interest in both laboratory and process settings. NIR offers the advantages of little to no sample preparation, deep light penetration into the sample, and no sample destruction. The deep light penetration is especially advantageous in the food industry when samples are often not homogenous. Some methods are not suited to measure parameters of certain organic molecules as well.
How is NIR Spectroscopy Used in the Food and Beverage Industries?
NIR spectroscopy is used in numerous verticals in the food and beverage industries for testing of raw materials, intermediates, and finished products. Depending on the type of instrument, it can be used as a portable handheld mobile tool, a laboratory instrument, or a process control tool to optimize the manufacturing process and reduce waste. Industries that use NIR spectroscopy for testing include alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, edible oils, dairy, meat, seafood, and spices. Identification of ingredients and additives in one application that is used in many of these industries. Conformity testing is another example of an application that can used for identification of a “good” or “bad” batch of samples. In these two cases, NIR spectra are often matched to a library of known spectra to identify the constituent of interest, eliminating the need for construction of quantitative calibration models. This is similar to identification of raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry, which is usually the first step in the manufacturing process. Composition analysis requires the construction of calibration models to measure specific concentrations of parameters. Fat, protein, moisture, and carbohydrates are examples of organic parameters that have been measured in many verticals in the food and beverage industries. More specific parameters have been measured as well, such as fatty acid profiles, sugar content, alcohol content, acidity, and even salt concentration. While salt is not an organic molecule, it often has an indirect effect on water molecules in a sample. An indirect correlation is acceptable when constructing chemometric models for use by NIR spectroscopy, but such models must be carefully analyzed to ensure that the analysis is legitimate. Color analysis is another example of an indirect correlation which has successfully been measured using NIR spectroscopy.
Food fraud and adulteration is a tremendous problem in the food and beverages industries and NIR spectroscopy has been used as a tool to identify and monitor adulteration in products. Adulteration can constitute many different forms and methods. Misidentification of a product is one common form of adulteration. Adding cheaper ingredients or dilution is another method of adulteration. In some cases, this can be dangerous and present a health hazard, such as adding melamine to products containing protein. Melamine mimics protein in standard wet chemistry tests and in this case, NIR spectroscopy not only presents a faster and cheaper method for adulteration identification, it actually presents a solution when standard testing will not work. If an adulterant is identified in a food or beverage product using NIR spectroscopy, the sample can be sent off for further testing. Large-scale testing is often impractical using standard methods and using NIR spectroscopy can be a powerful screening tool for adulterant identification.
The use of NIR spectroscopy as a real-time process control tool has become more prevalent as advances in technology have moved the focus of new instruments from the laboratory to the process. Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is a framework for innovative process manufacturing and quality assurance. Critical points and parameters during manufacturing of a product are defined and the process is designed in a way that such points and parameters can be measured using analytical tools and instruments for real-time process feedback and control. Such instruments must be able to measure on-line and in a non-invasive manner. Many vendors have developed instruments that are able to measure multiple points in a process with a single instrument, usually using optical fibers and probes. PAT has become an important part of pharmaceutical as well as chemical manufacturing and is beginning to acquire a hold in the food & beverage industry. Real-time feedback using NIR spectroscopy can optimize the use of materials as well as reduce or eliminate the production of material that does not meet specifications.


First Test Drive
As those of you who follow me via social media will likely already know, I recently made an addition to the ol' camera bag. Last night I FINALLY got my hands on a Nikon 24mm f3.5 PC-E lens. This is a specialized lens that allows you to 'tilt' the lens in relation to the camera sensor, altering the focal plane. You can also 'shift' the lens to control the perspective (think of all the photos you have of buildings that look like they're falling over). Another benefit of being able to 'shift' the lens is virtually seamless panoramic images, both horizontally and vertically.
It was this panoramic feature that I headed out tonight to test. With camera, lens, and tripod in tow; I popped across town to the rodeo grounds here in Stony Plain. Although I wouldn't classify the images below as 'keepers', I think they gave a good indication of the panoramic capabilities of the lens.
Although the panoramas above were relatively simple to produce, the learning curve with this lens has just begun. I am looking forward to spending more time with it in a effort to fully harness the power of this truly unique lens.


Powerful laser pointed at Glendale police helicopter
A 30-year-old man has been arrested in Glendale for allegedly flashing a high-powered blue laser twice at a police helicopter.
Avo Garabedian was arrested Sunday night on suspicion of discharging a laser at an occupied aircraft after the aircrew spotted him and he tried to flee the scene, Sgt. Steve Robertson told the Glendale News-Press.
The incident was the first time an aircrew has been struck with a 1,000-milliwatt, blue light laser, which is significantly more powerful than a green laser, Robertson said.
Green lasers have been typically used in laser pointing incidents involving police helicopters.
“We look at this as an assault on our flight crew,” he said, adding that no one was injured in the incident.
-- Veronica Rocha, Times Community News


Learn About Choosing the Best Optic Lens Manufacturers
Presently, the need of optical lens has been on the rise due to a large number of people having eye problems. Where one is searching for the optic lens one is likely to come across the optical lens that is of differing composition and quality. A large number of the optic lens manufacturers has led to the production of the optical lens with differing compositions and quality. Where one is looking forward towards buying a good quality optic lens ones should make sure that one buys from some of the well-known optic lens manufacturers. Where one is searching the best optic lens manufacturers it might turn out to be a great hustle due to the presence of very many optic lens manufacturers.
This article avails the important information on the various features that are with considering when selecting the most appropriate optic lens manufacturers. The reputation of the optic lens manufacturers is the first important aspect that is worth looking at when searching for the most suitable optic lens manufacturers. Where one is looking forward towards gauging the quality of the optic lens that a given manufacturer produces one should look at the reputation of the manufacturer. One of the tools that can be used in assessing the reputation of the optic lens manufacturers is the reviews posted by the various clients in the site of the optic lens manufacturers. The second way in which one can be able to determine the reputation of the optic lens manufacturers is by interviewing those people who have ever been in contact with the given optic lens manufacturers.
The kind of the technology that the optic lens manufacturers use in the making of the ocular lens is the second aspect that is worth looking at when searching for the most suitable optic lens manufacturers. Before buying the optical lens, one must read more about whether the technology used by the optic lens manufacturers has any negative implication. In most of the circumstances, those optic lens manufacturers who utilize the modern technology are the ones who can produce a high-quality optic lens.
A license is the second important aspect that is worth looking at when searching for the most suitable optic lens manufacturers. When it comes to the manufacturing of the optical lens only those optic lens manufacturers that have met the required standards are given the license of operation. Before ones buy an optical lens from a given optic lens manufacturer one must research whether the optical lens manufacturers has the permission of activity. Using the Internet one can be able to identify the type of the grants the manufacturer should have.


Eye Surgery has actually come to be a mainstream approach of vision modification, as well as this short article will explain the benefits as well as drawbacks of 3 various techniques being offered to the clinical customer.
Lasik Eye Surgery
LASIK is the phrase for Laser-Assisted Sitting Keratomileusis and is an eye medical system which completely remedies vision by eliminating a thin layer of the cornea. This procedure works best on individuals with moderate to high levels of nearsightedness (nearsightedness), low to modest degrees of hyperopia (farsightedness) as well as astigmatism related to nearsightedness, and also who have thick corneas. It is the most well-known medical vision adjustment method.
Individuals with normal eye view see items plainly since photos are brought into a right focal point by the cornea as well as lens of the eye. Preferably, the cornea's curvature is evenly matched to its length in a regular eye. People with astigmatism, myopia or hyperopia have actually off-and-on shaped corneas, so the items seen are not concentrated correctly. LASIK changes corneal form by specific removal of corneal cells, and also by doing so corrects the eyes' concentrating power.
There are, nonetheless, risks to LASIK eye surgical treatment.
There is a remote opportunity of full loss of vision. If this takes place, it is usually because the client had a pre-existing condition which should have averted the surgical treatment to begin with, such as maternity, cataracts, joint inflammation, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, or lupus. People with large pupils are also bad prospects for LASIK. Dry eye disorder will certainly be aggravated by this procedure.
A few patients complain that they permanently see "ghost" images, have obscured vision, lessened comparison and also negative evening vision. When LASIK wased initially presented, 5% of clients had post-operative grievances; however, refinements in the procedure have actually triggered this rate to drop to less compared to 1% if LASIK is carried out by proficient professionals as well as patients are appropriately evaluated prior to surgical treatment. If issues do happen, they could usually be resoved by a retreatment.
FDA has approved LASIK laser eye surgical treatment considering that 1998. While there are a great deal of completely satisfied patients, there are however no long term research studies regarding its impacts. Understand the limitations as well as the dangers of LASIK eye surgical procedure before you sigh up for the treatment.
Though less popular, these little implants can boost vision in patients with mild to moderate myopia without the risk of permanent eye damage inherent in the tissue elimination strategy of LASIK. Intacs are semi-circular disks dental implanted in the cornea which extend it to assume a flatter form. Though slightly much less precise compared to LASIK, they are removeable as well as exchangeable, so if the individual has an unanticipated over- or under-correction, the dental implant can be eliminated as well as one more of a different size put to get the preferred modification. The implants are located beside the cornea, so the main aesthetic location is entirely undamaged as well as undamaged, and the toughness of the cornea is undiminished, making it a far better choice for pilots and those who engage in call sporting activities where eye injury is a possibility.
Intacs are unsuitable for extreme nearsightedness as well as more than small astigmatism (1.00 diopters), as the cornea could just be stretched up until now. If the Intacs are removed, vision go back to its preoperative level. Besides vision adjustment, Intacs are additionally utilized to deal with keratoconus.
Intacs are FDA authorized and also Ten Years studies have revealed no major issues with Intacs as well as few client complaints; nevertheless, because the procedure takes extra training than LASIK, there are less eye surgical treatment why not check here facilities providing it. Nevertheless, the Intacs website provides a list of experts in each state, too a few in Canada, Europe and also Mexico.
Because many individuals do not want to risk LASIK as well as Intacs can not assist those with severe vision troubles, intraocular lens implants (IOL) are a new choice approved by the FDA in 2004 to remedy moderate to extreme nearsightedness. The Artisan lens, produced by Ophtec, is similar to the kind of lens dental implant used to recover vision complying with cataract eye surgical procedure.
The new IOL, called the Craftsmen, is planned for just people who have 2.5 diopters or much less of astigmatism.
The fabricated lens does not replace the all-natural lens, however is placed before it. The primary problem discovered with the dental implant was the stable loss of endothelial cells in the corneas of individuals who got the implants. The endothelium is a layer of cells that line the undersurface of the cornea and also are necessary in keeping the cornea clear. A three-year study revealed a continuous constant loss of endothelial cells of 1.8 percent a year. Now, no one can predict whether this loss will continue at the very same rate indefinitely, and even its influence on corneal function.
To reduce long-lasting results of the tool on the corneal endothelium, the FDA is requiring that the new lenses be identified to specify that they ought to just be dental implanted in find more info people whose corneal endothelial cells are thick enough to hold up against small cell loss.
More major issues were couple of: retinal detachment (0.6%), cataract growth (0.6%), and also corneal swelling (0.4%). The FDA is needing Ophtec to carry out a five-year follow-up study of its dental implant people to much better examine the post-surgical occurrence of cataract growth, retinal detachment and also other ophthalmic diseases.
The Artisan lens is meant to be a long-term implant.Though it could be eliminated operatively, vision could not always return to exactly what it was before obtaining the lens. Due to the fact that it does not impact astigmatism, patients with this problem may still need glasses.


Firefly is the leading provider of wireless portable microscopes and magnifying cameras with real-time 30FPS video transmission. Their product portfolio includes a wide variety of wired and wireless cameras as well as accessories.
Their cutting-edge optics technology provides users with crystal clear vision, pictures, and video.
Firefly products are chosen by professionals from a wide range of industries including audiology, ENT, primary care, pediatrics, telemedicine, education, quality control, lab sciences, high-tech engineering, dermatology, gemology, numismatics and cosmetics.
Operating as both manufacturer and brand, they are able to pass on savings to distributors. They have offices in North America, Europe and Asia and work with resellers such as us.
The DE1250 Wireless Video Endo-Camera is a special purpose digital video camera combined with a universal coupler, designed for various endoscopic applications. Powered by a rechargeable lithium ion battery, this innovative device streams high quality live video (at 30fps) to a computer, enabling the user to view and record crystal clear images or videos.
Firefly ES201 is a compact, high powered LED light source compatible with standard endoscopes and the Firefly DE1250 Wireless Endoscope Camera. It provides brilliant LED lighting for a variety of applications. Powered by a long lasting, rechargeable lithium battery, this light source is a truly innovative and mobile solution uninhibited by wires. Unlike other portable light sources, the ES201 delivers these breakthrough capabilities – and much more – at a highly economical cost.
The Redfin R3800 Full HD Mobile Endoscope Camera System is a powerful, 1080p high definition video endoscopy system designed to handle the demands of diagnostic and surgical applications in otolaryngology (ENT), gynecology, urology, plastic surgery, and more.


The growth of projector technology can be said to have evolved from the early day bulbs fired by incandescent lights and today’s advanced lamp-free systems. In this development, laser projectors are seen as a revolution in technological innovation that has challenged the established models based on lamps for their efficiency and durability. Do laser projectors contain lamps? This article explores this issue in regard to how laser projection works, comparing it with traditional projector technology and its implications for end users. By understanding these variations, consumers will make better choices, thus reaping the benefits of laser projectors for superior viewings in different contexts such as home cinemas through to large-scale presentations.
Do laser projectors have lamps?
No, laser projectors aren’t lit by lamps like we know lamp-based projectors. Conversely, Laser projectors utilize solid-state laser diodes instead of typical lamps (i.e., UHP, metal halide, and halogen). In this case, the light emitted from these diodes is utilized to create the projected image. Several benefits come with this eliminating traditional lamp technology: a long life span, which is often 20000-30000 hours or more, no need for lamp replacement, better color accuracy and more consistent brightness throughout the projector’s existence. Laser projectors are a big step forward in projection technology as they provide a more reliable and cost-effective means of enjoying high-quality displays.
Understanding Projector Types
Those who want to have the right projection system for their needs, whether it’s for home entertainment, educational purposes, or professional presentations, should know that there are different types of projectors. Lamp-based and laser projectors are the two main groups of projectors with their own features, merits as well as areas of application.
For many years now, lamp-based projectors have been the most popular choice. The light source in this kind of projector is usually a high-intensity bulb (for example, UHP, metal halide, and halogen bulbs). Lighting from such bulbs is made by passing through a color wheel (for one-chip DLP projector) or dichroic mirrors (LCD and LCoS projectors) used for generating and projecting images. These kinds of projectors are known because they can be used in any environment due to their versatility and affordability. Nonetheless, this leads to some limitations, including changing lamps frequently because they last between 2-5 thousand hours on average, gradually fading away in brightness and color performance with time.
On the other hand, laser projectors represent a newer technology that uses solid-state lasers as a light source. Unlike lamp-based projectors, laser projectors do not rely on traditional lamps but instead use red, green, and blue laser diodes to create light. This light is then directly projected or used to illuminate a DLP, LCD, or LCoS chip to produce the image. The advantages of laser projectors are significant: they offer a much longer operational life (often 20,000 to 30,000 hours or more), reduced maintenance since there are no lamps to replace, superior color accuracy, and the ability to maintain consistent brightness levels over their lifespan. Laser projectors can achieve a higher contrast ratio and are more energy-efficient than their lamp-based counterparts.
Choosing between lamp-based and laser projectors depends on several factors, including budget, intended use, and performance expectations. Lamp-based projectors appeal more to those with a limited budget or less demanding projection needs. In contrast, laser projectors are suited for users looking for higher quality, durability, and lower total cost of ownership in the long run. As technology advances, the price gap between these two types is narrowing, making laser projectors an increasingly attractive option for a wider audience.
Advantages Of Laser Projectors
Laser projectors offer advantages over traditional lamp-based projectors, making them an increasingly popular choice in various settings, from professional environments to home theaters. These advantages stem from the unique properties of laser light sources, which differ significantly from conventional lamps in terms of efficiency, lifespan, and performance. Here are the key benefits of laser projectors:
Longer Lifespan: One of the most significant advantages of laser projectors is their extended operational life. Unlike traditional projectors that require lamp replacements every 2,000 to 5,000 hours, laser projectors can last up to 20,000 to 30,000 hours without needing maintenance or replacements. This longevity reduces the total cost of ownership over time.
Consistent Brightness and Color: Laser projectors maintain consistent brightness and color accuracy throughout their lifespan. Traditional lamp-based projectors suffer from a gradual decline in brightness and color performance as the lamp ages. In contrast, lasers provide stable light output, ensuring the image quality remains high over the years.
Higher Energy Efficiency: Lasers are more energy-efficient than traditional lamps. They convert electricity into light more effectively, reducing power consumption and operating costs. This efficiency also means that laser projectors generate less heat, simplifying cooling requirements and reducing energy usage.
Superior Color Accuracy: Discrete red, green, and blue laser light sources allow for a wider color gamut and more accurate color reproduction. This means that images projected by laser projectors are more vibrant and true to life, which is particularly beneficial for applications where color fidelity is critical, such as graphic design, photography, and film screenings.
Instant On/Off Capability: Unlike lamp-based projectors that need time to warm up or cool down, laser projectors can reach full brightness almost instantly and be turned off immediately. This feature enhances convenience and efficiency, especially when frequently turned on and off projectors.
Reduced Maintenance: With no lamps to replace and a sealed optical engine that minimizes dust ingress, laser projectors require significantly less maintenance than their lamp-based counterparts. This saves on maintenance costs and reduces downtime and the inconvenience of servicing.
Flexible Installation Options: Laser projectors often offer better brightness uniformity and the ability to project images from various angles without significantly losing image quality. This flexibility allows for creative installations, such as uneven surfaces, vertical displays, and immersive environments.
Environmental Benefits: The longer lifespan and absence of hazardous materials (like mercury found in some projector lamps) make laser projectors a more environmentally friendly choice. By reducing waste associated with lamp replacements and operating more efficiently, laser projectors contribute to a lower environmental impact.
Common Myths And Misconceptions
Despite the growing popularity and evident advantages of laser projectors, several myths and misconceptions persist, sometimes hindering their adoption. Addressing these myths is crucial for clearly understanding laser projector capabilities and making informed decisions. Here are some common myths and misconceptions about laser projectors:
Laser Projectors Are Harmful to the Eyes
One common concern is that the lasers in projectors can harm the eyes. While direct exposure to any intense light source, including lasers, can be harmful, laser projectors are designed with safety in mind. They diffuse light over a wide area and incorporate safety features to prevent direct laser exposure. When used as intended, laser projectors are safe and comply with international safety standards.
They Are Excessively Expensive
Initially, laser projectors were more expensive than traditional lamp-based projectors, which led to the perception that they were prohibitively costly. However, prices have significantly decreased as the technology has become more widespread. Considering their longer lifespan, lower maintenance costs, and reduced energy consumption, laser projectors often offer a lower total cost of ownership over time.
Image Quality Is Not Superior to Lamp-Based Projectors
Some believe that laser projectors need to improve image quality over lamp-based models. While image quality can vary across different models and brands, laser projectors generally provide superior color accuracy, brightness consistency, and a wider color gamut. These factors contribute to a more prosperous and vibrant image, often surpassing what lamp-based projectors can achieve.
Laser Projectors Are Only Suitable for Specific Applications
There’s a misconception that laser projectors are only fit for high-end or specific applications, such as large venues or professional settings. However, laser technology has diversified, and models are designed for various uses, including home theaters, education, business presentations, and portable projecting. This versatility makes them suitable for various environments and budgets.
Maintenance Is Complicated and Expensive
Another myth is that maintaining a laser projector is complicated and costly. In reality, laser projectors require significantly less maintenance than their lamp-based counterparts. They have no lamps to replace and are designed with sealed optics that minimize dust, reducing the need for cleaning. This translates to lower maintenance costs and less downtime.
Brightness and Performance Degrade Quickly Over Time
Some users believe laser projectors lose brightness and performance rapidly, similar to how lamp-based projectors degrade. While all projectors experience some degree of brightness decay over their lifespan, laser projectors retain their brightness and color accuracy much longer. The degradation is much slower, allowing them to provide consistent performance over many years.
Laser Projectors Are Loud
Due to cooling fans, early laser projectors were sometimes louder than their lamp-based counterparts. However, advancements in technology have led to quieter designs. Many modern laser projectors are comparable to or quieter than lamp-based projectors, making noise less of an issue.
The bottom line is that laser projectors represent a significant advancement in projection technology, offering many benefits over traditional lamp-based projectors. With their longer lifespan, superior image quality, and lower total cost of ownership, they present a compelling choice for a wide range of applications, from home theaters to corporate boardrooms and significant venue events. By dispelling common myths and understanding the true capabilities of laser projectors, users can appreciate the value they bring to the table. As technology continues to evolve and prices become more competitive, laser projectors are set to become the preferred choice for those seeking high-quality, efficient, and reliable projection solutions.


One of the advantages of SLR type digital cameras is the ability to use a variety of different lenses. Changing the lenses of your DSLR is not complicated. However, there are good and bad ways to do this. Here are some things to consider when changing goals.
Most lenses and digital SLR-type cameras use a bayonet mount called the F-mount. Before attempting to mount or disassemble a lens, make sure the camera is turned off. To mount a lens, align the points of the lens mount index and the camera body, insert the lens base into the mount, and then turn the lens to the left until that it locks. To remove it, simply press the shutter button on the body and turn the lens a quarter turn clockwise.
Lens mounting sequence
Whenever you change the lens of an SLR, dust may get inside the camera. This dust can settle on the low-pass filter placed directly in front of the image sensor and leave black or gray spots or dots on your photos. To prevent this from happening, you should keep the exposure from inside the camera body as low as possible when changing lenses. This means that the lens you want to mount on the camera must be ready before you remove the lens in place. You must ensure that the camera is turned off before changing the lens, as the image sensor generates a static electric charge that can attract dust. If you are using a VR (vibration reduction) lens, you also need to put the VR switch on the lens barrel in off mode. Then protect your camera by sheltering yourself from wind, rain or dust that may enter it.
When handling a lens, grasp the lens barrel and avoid touching the front and rear elements so as not to leave fingerprints. Make a habit of always using the front and rear lens caps to further protect the lens components. Practice changing goals at home to do it quickly and easily.
One of the biggest advantages of interchangeable-lens reflex-type cameras is that users can choose from a wider selection of lenses. Maintaining the same basic lens mount structure over a longer period of time means a larger and steadily growing range of compatible lenses. For this reason, the lens mount is an extremely important and symbiotic element for photography enthusiasts and professionals alike, as they can benefit from the continued use of their carefully selected collection of lenses.
Read more: https://www.dzoptics.com/en/


Waterproof Solar Light Lamp Battery Operated Solar LED Wall Lights
|Material||ABS + PC||Model Number||GS-BD-5Wc-1|
|Light Source||30pcs LEDs||Charging Time||6-8 hours|
|Package||Neutral Package||Working Time||2-3 nights|
|Light Angle||120°||IP Rating||IP65|
|Battery Capacity||3000mAh||Product Dimension||210*117*80mm|
|Solar Panel Capacity||5.5V / 2W||Housing Color||White/ Black|
|Working Humidity||(20-90)%RH||Sensing Distance||0-8m|
|Luminous Efficient||100lm/w||Backlight||Red /Blue /Green /Warm white colors option|
Advantages for Solar LED Wall Lights Outdoor :
1 Green solar energy
High quality solar panel, absorb solar energy circularly, saving
your annual electricity bill!
2 Durable & Waterproof
Durable and rain-proof ABS material Light housing, make the light
works stably in rainy day!
3 Smart motion sensor
Equipped with PIR sensor, sensing your motion within 8m and turn on
the light automatically!
4 Simple Installation
The light can be mounted on the wall in seconds, without any
electrician, saving your labor costs!
5 Super Brightness Design
Use 30pcs SMD LEDs as Light Source, high luminuos efficiency
(100lm/w), low light decay, long lifespan.
|Box*1||Light*1||User Manual*1||Installation Card*1||Accessories*1|
1.Are you a factory or trading company?
- Manufacturing & Trading combo.
2.What's frequency of a new item designed?
3.How about lead time?
- Samples in stock; 10~20 working days for mass production.
4.OEM or ODM will be ok?
5.Will you come to visit clients?
- Absolutely,for any potential cooperation chance.
Why do you need one solar motion light ?
If you’re looking for an unobtrusive and powerful Solar motion
sensor light, Our Waterproof Solar Light Lamp Battery Operated
Solar LED Wall Lights Outdoor is a solid choice. It’s a 30PCS SMD LEDs outdoor light that’s
waterproof, dustproof, and made of high impact ABS plastic, so it’s
not only bright, but also durable.
Whether you use the light to illuminate a dark walkway for safety
or as security lighting that helps scare off a would-be burglar,
you’ll appreciate that the light stays on a dimly it mode. Once
motion is detected within a eight meter activation zone, the light


AMP face plate British Style Angled Faceplate Quad Port
The faceplate is designed for mounting the 110Connect Modular Jack families
AMP Faceplate Feature 1, BS Angled Faceplate 2, Dimension: 86mm X 86mm BS 3, Accepts all SL / AMP-TWIST Series Jacks 4, Colour: White 5, Standard icons, screws and label holder included
Shenzhen Silink Technology Co., Ltd. is a leading manufacturer and exporter specializing in fiber optical communications equipments,optical transceiver modules and network cabling products. Optical transceiver modules: SFP, SFP+,GBIC, XENPAK, X2 , XFP, BIDI,CWDM,DWDM,Media Converter and other special transceiver modules,which are compatible with Cisco, 3COM, H3C, HP, Alcatel-Lucent, Allied Telesis, Nortel, Juniper, Huawei,etc. Network cabling products: keystone jack,patch panel,patch cord,faceplate,etc. Fiber optical communications equipments: fiber optic patch cord, connector, adapter, optical coupler, attenuator, optic media converter, optic splice closure, optic terminal box, ODF etc. These products are widely used in telecommunications, broadband, broadcast, CATV and network industry
Packing & Delivery
1, Antistatic bag 2, Plastic boxes for packaging 3, Specific packaging as Request, Original packaging
1, T/T, Western Union, Paypal and so on.
1, International Express: DHL, FedEx, UPS, TNT, Aramex and so on. 2, You also can choose your own shipping forwarder, please notify us in advance. 3, Shipments are usually dispatched in 2-3 working days after received payment.


RT Film Density Definition;
Intensity (Density) of the Film from the Radiography Testing (RT) refers to the darkness of the RT film as measured by the amount of light that can penetrate RT film came to light that indicates that the Film with density is low, but if. Low light means that the film has a high density.
RT Film Density Measurement;
Measuring the intensity (Density) of the Film from the Radiography Testing (RT) can be achieved.
- Using a Densitometer to measure the amount of light that penetrates directly through the RT film, the device will display the number of film intensity
- Use Standard Film with different levels of intensity (Step Wedge Comparison Film) to compare with the intensity of our RT film
RT Film Density Criteria per ASME V;
ASME Section V the RT film has to be dark (Density), and the difference of intensity as required so that it can be seen welding and Defect on Film is clear.


Why Optical Lenses Are Used in Lights?
Optics are one of the essential elements that are used in an LED luminaire. They are used to focus, shape and mix the light, which is produced by the LED light sources. Optics are also used in LED lights for effectively mixing colours and getting efficient performance. Role of Optical Lenses in LED Lights
Optical lenses play a vital role in the distribution of light in street & flood lights. Due to their rotational symmetric design, these are able to generate a proper illumination on the roads. Some more uses of Optical LED Lenses
are given below:
- Provide focused light beam
- Enhance the illumination efficiency
- Provide uniformity in light distributional
- Protect the LED's from outer environmental conditions


Optical Fiber Identifier (FI-3A)
The FI-3A Optical Fiber Identifier is a low cost and handheld device designed to detect optical signals in live fibers. It is used during maintenance, installations, rerouting or restoration when isolating a specific fiber is necessary. By simply clamping the FI-3A onto a fiber, any existence of signal or traffic and signal direction can be detected.
– “One-button meter”, convenient and easy to use
– Different adapters for different bare fibers and jacketed fibers
– Detect a variety of optical tones, 270Hz, 1kHz and 2kHz
– Powered by 2 units of 1.5V AA alkaline batteries
E-mail : email@example.com
+66 2 559 3261 – 2 (Office)


Digital cameras and human eyes fulfill largely the same function: images come in through a lens and are focused onto a light sensitive surface, which converts them into electrical impulses that can be processed by the brain or a computer respectively. There are some differences, however.
Human eyes have a very sensitive area in the centre of their field of vision called the fovea. Objects that we are looking at directly are in sharp detail, while our peripheral vision is quite poor. We have separate sets of cone cells in the retina for sensing red, green and blue (RGB) light, but we also have special rod cells that are sensitive to light levels, allowing us to perceive a wide dynamic range of bright and dark colours. The retina has a blind spot (a place where all the nerves bundle together to send signals to the brain through the optic nerve), but most of the time we don’t notice it because we have two eyes with overlapping fields of view, and we can move them around very quickly.
Digital cameras have uniform sensitivity to light across their whole field of vision. Light intensity and colour are picked up by RGB sensor elements on a silicon chip, but they aren’t as good at capturing a wide range of light levels as our eyes are. Typically, a modern digital camera can automatically tune its exposure to either bright or dark scenes, but it might lose some detail (e.g. when it is tuned for dark exposure, any bright objects might just look like white blobs).
It is important to understand that neither a human eye nor a digital camera – even a very expensive one – can perfectly capture all of the information in the scene in front of it. Electronic engineers and computer scientists are constantly doing research to improve the quality of the images they capture, and the speed at which they can record and process them.


Lidar (light detecting and ranging)
Lidar is similar to radar, except that the sensor sends out and receives pulses of light instead of radiowavers.
They’re what’s responsible for converting light into electronic signals.
But, what’s the difference between the two? How do they influence both the quality of the images and the prices of the cameras? Here’s a short comparison of CCD and CMOS:
The first digital cameras used CCD (Charged Coupling Devices) to turn images from analog light signals into digital pixels. They’re made through a special manufacturing process that allows the conversion to take place in the chip without distortion.
This creates high quality sensors that produce excellent images. But, because they require special manufacturing, they are more expensive than their newer CMOS counter parts.
CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) chips use transistors at each pixel to move the charge through traditional wires. This offers flexibility because each pixel is treated individually. Traditional manufacturing processes are used to make CMOS. It’s the same as creating microchips. Because they’re easier to produce, CMOS sensors are cheaper than CCD sensors.
Because CMOS technology came after CCD sensors and are cheaper to manufacture, CMOS sensors are the reason that digital cameras have dropped in price.
The biggest difference is that CCD sensors create high quality images with low noise (grain).
CMOS images tend to be higher in noise. CCD sensors are more sensitive to light. CMOS sensors need more light to create a low noise image at proper exposure. This does not mean that CMOS sensors are completely inferior to CCD.
CCD has been around for a lot longer in digital cameras, and the technology is more advanced. CMOS sensors are catching up and will soon match CCD in terms of resolution and overall quality.
It’s only a matter of time before CMOS catches up. They can be manufactured on any standard silicon production line and are much more inexpensive when compared to CCD sensors. Eventually economics will someday make every camera CMOS when the final advances in quality are made.
In fact, CMOS sensors are already superior to CCD sensors in terms of power consumption. You get a much longer battery life out of a CMOS camera, which means you can take more pictures.
As of now, CCD cameras produce higher quality images at high resolutions. CMOS technology is catching up. And, with longer battery life and less expensive cameras, it is bound to match CCD levels of quality and one day become the digital camera norm, until something better is developed.


Ricoh Shows off Latest Theta 360-Degree Camera With 4K Video And Livestreaming
Ricoh announced it will be showcasing a prototype of its newest Theta 360-degree camera, capable of capturing high-resolution 4K video in a single shot, at the 2017 NAB Show in Las Vegas.
In addition to capturing 4K video at 30 frames per second, the new camera will enable 4K 360-degree livestreaming, and a built-in 4-channel microphone will record spatial “surround-sound” audio.
The new camera is expected to be launched later in the year.
First introduced in 2013, Theta cameras allow consumers to record fully spherical images that show the entirety of a scene in photos or videos.
The camera line’s combination of small size, high quality imagery and incredible functionality are a result of Ricoh’s many decades of experience in advanced imaging and optical technologies.
A key achievement with the Theta series is an ultra-small twin-lens folded-optical system capable of capturing two wide-angle images and then marrying them into a single spherical image.


The Commercial Indoor Horticulture LED grow light is designed to replace a single-ended 1000watt HID. Each HLG-600 uses 4 of our custom designed full-spectrum high efficiency white light quantum boards with Samsung LM301B and Blue 470nm . This unit is dimmable.
|Voltage Range||90-277 VAC|
|LED||Samsung LM301B & Blue|
|Veg Footprint||6' x 6' at 36”|
|System Efficiency||166 Lm/W|
|System PPF Efficacy||2.55 μmol/joule|
|Total output||1175 PPF|
|Recommended Mounting Height||24-32 inches above canopy|


Camera accessory company Lensbaby is launching a new circular 180+ video lens accessory for the GoPro Hero4, giving GoPro users the ability to capture 185º field-of-view with a circular fisheye lens.
The Lensbaby Circular 180+ lens creates fully circle fisheye videos and images with an almost unlimited depth of field, letting you capture the soul of your adventures with a fully immersive field of view. Attaching to the current waterproof housing on GoPro® Hero cameras, the Circular 180+ captures a 185 degree window on the world, wider than the human eye can see with unprecedented depth of field – subjects nearly touching the front of the lens are sharp, along with everything else in the image.
The Lensbaby Circular 180+ fits over the current waterproof housing on GoPro’s Hero® cameras. To attach it, simply unscrew the knob to loosen the mount and push the lens onto the GoPro® housing. Push firmly so it seats evenly. Screw the mount down tightly, while continuing to push firmly.
- Fits on the current waterproof housing for GoPro® Hero cameras
- 185 degree field of view and a fully circular image in 16:9 wide recording mode (underwater full circular field of view: 120 degrees)
- Increases the GoPro® Hero’s depth of field making nearly everything in focus
- Lens housing is waterproof to withstand extended immersion up to 3 meters (IP68 standard)
- Included water resistant mount is built to withstand heavy splashes of water with little or no leakage between the lens housing and the GoPro® Hero’s housing**
Add-on Waterproof Mount is waterproof to withstand extended immersion up to 3 meters and replaces the glass on the front of the standard GoPro® housing (T5 torx driver included with purchase).
The manufacturing and launch is being funded with a Kickstarter campaign, which gives consumers an opportunity to pre-order the lens. The campaign went live this morning and will run until late June. For $69, donors will receive a unit as soon as they’re available, saving $31 over the expected retail price.


Thulium doped sesquoxide tRansparent ceramics for high energy class laser in nano second regime at crYogenic temperature.
Principal investigator:Valentina Biasini
Start date: 01/01/2020
Duration: 36 mesi
Co-funded by the bilateral agreement between CNR and Czech Academy of Science
Co-funding: 12 000 €
Call/Action: CNR/CAS 2019-2021
Project consortium: CNR-ISTEC e HiLASE Centre, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Science
Solid state laser sources operating around 2 μm have numerous applications that include lidar, gas sensing, medical treatments and as pump source of optical parametric oscillators (OPOs). These potentialities have prompted intense research in the development of new laser gain media for the 2 μm wavelength range. Sesquioxides doped with Tm3+, such as Tm:Lu2O3, Tm:Y2O3, and Tm:Sc2O3, are emerging materials for this applications: their better thermo-optical properties make them promising for power scaling applications. The growth of sesquioxide single crystals is very complicated, while in principle it is possible to produce them in transparent ceramic form thanks to their cubic crystalline structure and optical isotropy. However, to achieve transparency, ceramics need to be free of pores and defects.
The goal of the project is to develop thulium doped sesquoxide transparent ceramics for high-energy class lasers working in nano second regime at cryogenic temperature.
A fabrication process for high quality Tm:Y2O3 transparent ceramics of different doping will be developed, using commercially available oxide powders as raw materials and testing different sintering additives.
Finally, laser experiments at cryogenic temperatures will assess the suitability of this material for development of diode-pumped high-energy lasers. The fabricated transparent ceramics will be tested in laser resonators to study the impact on laser performance in continuous-wave regime and pulsed regime (active and passive Q-switching) at cryogenic temperatures.


Since you are reading this page, chances are you are most likely familiar with the high level of quality, innovation and technology that Oakley puts into their sunglasses. The Oakley sunglasses polarized lenses are of course, not an exception to the rule.
Polarized sunglasses are specifically designed to reduce or block glare. Light reflected from surfaces such as a car windshield, flat road or water can generally be considered polarized. Meaning that, instead of the light being scattered in multiple directions the reflected light travels in a more horizontal direction, which can create an often annoying and, in some cases very dangerous intense light referred to as “Glare.”
oakley were first very popular with fishermen and boaters who were constantly surrounded by the glare being reflected from the sunlight on the water. The polarized lenses allowed improved visibility and reduced eye strain when being out on the water. Since then polarized sunglasses have become more popular with people engaging in active outdoor activities.
Polarized lenses contain a special light filter that blocks this type of intense reflected light, reducing glare. This glare reduction allows for improved visibility and less eye strain. Even though polarized sunglasses improve comfort and visibility, there are some instances when these lenses may not be the most beneficial. Downhill skiing is an example, of when it may be more beneficial to see the glare that is reflecting off icy patches, as this can alert skiers to potential hazards as they approach.
Polarized lenses may also reduce the visibility of images produced by liquid crystal displays (LCDs). This could be an issue as there is an increase in LCD’s being utilized for car dashboard readouts, digital screens on automatic teller machines (ATM’s), cell phones, and GPS devices. Pilots also have reported similar issues when viewing LCD’s on aircraft instrument panels, which can be a crucial issue.
Polarized lenses differ from non-polarized lenses in one main way. Vertical polarization blocks transmission of the horizontal light through polarized lenses. The result is that polarized sunglass lenses reduce glare created by the sun’s reflection on flat surfaces. The difference between polarized and non- polarized lenses is quite apparent when compared side by side.
Oakley Sunglasses Polarized = Clear, Crisp Vision
Most sunglasses manufactures apply a polarized coating or a layered method of gluing a film between the lenses to their sunglasses to reduce glare. The problem is that this process can reduce visual clarity and cause distortion.
Now, as you might expect, Oakley strives to surpass most other sunglasses manufactures and has done so with their polarization technology. Oakley polarized sunglasses are produced with a higher level of technology using a liquid infusion process designed to bond the polarizing filter and lenses at the molecular level. The significance of this process is that the polarization effect doesn’t wear or rub off as with other manufactures, and visual clarity is maintained at the highest levels.
Industry Standards For Polarized Sunglasses
Industry standard polarized filters are required to be fitted in a frame so the polarization plane does not deviate from the horizontal plane by greater than five degrees. The difference between the left and right eye polarization filters cannot deviate more than six degrees. (This means that each eye could be seeing vastly different orientations of an object, causing your brain to work extra to make sense of the object).
Oakley Sunglasses Polarization Standards
As you may again have guessed, Oakley polarized filters are aligned within 2 degrees from the horizontal plane and are nearly identical left to right. This translates to a reduction of eye strain and brain power to make sense of the images seen in the right and left eyes. Maybe that’s why people often get headaches from wearing those cheap sunglasses.
Polarization is just one of the many proprietary technologies that Oakley infuses into it’s sunglasses. These patented innovations are known collectively as H) and provide unsurpassedefinition vision through these highest of performance polarized sunglasses, it may be difficult to take them off. Check out the Oakley polarized sunglasses, I think you may be pleasantly impressed.