The Nikon Z 6 is the company's midrange full-frame mirrorless camera. It features a 24.5MP BSI-CMOS sensor, a hybrid AF system with 273 points and 90% coverage and 5-axis in-body image stabilization. The rugged body is similar in design to the D750/D850 DSLRs and is fully sealed against dust and moisture. It features a 3.68M-dot electronic viewfinder and tilting 3.2", 2.1M-dot touchscreen LCD. An OLED panel on the top plate displays current shooting settings. Photos are stored on an XQD card.
The Nikon Z 7 is the company's high-end full-frame mirrorless camera. It features a 45.7MP BSI-CMOS sensor, a hybrid AF system with 493 points and 90% coverage and 5-axis in-body image stabilization. The rugged body is similar in design to the D850 DSLR and is fully sealed against dust and moisture. It features a 3.68M-dot electronic viewfinder and tilting 3.2", 2.1M-dot touchscreen LCD. An OLED panel on the top plate displays current shooting settings. Photos are stored on an XQD card.
The Nikon Coolpix P1000 superzoom camera has, as of July 2018, the world's longest lens, coming in at 24-3000mm equivalent with a maximum aperture range of F2.8 - F8. The lens features 1 Super ED and 5 ED elements as well as an image stabilization system that reduces shake by up to 5 stops. With the lens extended the camera is 181mm / 7.2" long and it weights 1.4kg / 3.1 lbs. The camera has a hot shoe as well as flash sync port.
The D850 is Nikon's next-generation high resolution, full-frame DSLR. It features a 45.7 Megapixel BSI CMOS sensor with no optical low-pass filter and an Expeed 5 image processor, which allow for fast burst rates and 4K video capture. The D850 has an ISO range of 64-25,000, expandable to 32-120,400 and a burst rate of 7 fps with continuous AF, and 9 fps with the optional battery grip and EN-EL18a/b battery. You'll find the same AF system on the D850 as on the flagship Nikon D5, which means 153 points, of which 99 are cross-type, and the company's effective 3D Tracking.
The Nikon D7500 is a midrange DSLR that brings updates to the D7200 and also borrows technology from the D500. It features the 20MP CMOS sensor from the D500, making it capable of 4K video at up to 30fps, and expanding its sensitivity to a maximum of ISO 1,640,000.
The Nikon D3400 is the company's entry-level DSLR camera. It's a modest update to the D3300, using the same 24MP APS-C CMOS sensor, EXPEED 4 image processor, Full HD video capture and an easy-to-use interface.
The D5 is the latest in the acclaimed series of flagship FX-format professional DSLR cameras. The D5 boasts a myriad of powerful new imaging innovations, including a Nikon-developed 20.8-megapixel CMOS sensor, an all-new 153-point AF system, 4K UHD video capture and EXPEED 5 image processing to give photographers the best balance of performance, precision and low-light ability.
The Nikon 1 J5 is a compact mirrorless camera with a more 'retro' design that its predecessor and now has a secondary control dial. It uses a new 1"-type 20.8MP BSI CMOS sensor with on-chip phase detection. Combined with a new image processing engine (Expeed 5A), this allows the camera to shoot continuously at 20 fps with continuous AF and 60 fps without. Other features include a 3" touchscreen LCD that tilts upward 180 degrees for 'selfie shooting', numerous special effects, and Wi-Fi with NFC. Video can be recorded at 1080/60p, 720/120p, and 4K/15p.
The Coolpix P900 sports a powerful 83x optical zoom (24-2000mm equivalent) NIKKOR ED glass lens with the ability to reach 166x using Dynamic Fine Zoom and a super extra-low dispersion (ED) glass element, making this camera ideal for capturing sharp images and videos from extreme lengths. This feature-packed long zoom is equipped with a 16-megapixel CMOS sensor and a high performance Autofocus (AF) system capable of shooting 7 frames-per-second (fps) to help deliver photos of fast moving sports in superb quality. Sharing these amazing photos has never been easier or more fun, as the COOLPIX P900 allows users to seamlessly shoot and share photos from the camera to a compatible smartphone or tablet via built-in Wi-Fi and NFC connectivity.
The Nikon D7200 is an updated version of the venerable D7100. Its design and build quality remains the same but it gains a faster processor, much larger buffer for continuous shooting, improved low light autofocus performance, and Wi-Fi with NFC. Battery life has also gone up by more than 15%.
Featuring a 3-inch Vari-angle touch screen, built-in kickstand and front shutter release button, the COOLPIX S6900 is designed to capture fun and flattering self-portraits with ease. Equipped with a 16-megapixel CMOS Sensor, 12x Optical Zoom NIKKOR ED glass lens and 24x Dynamic Fine Zoom, users can take close-up “selfies,” group shots and portraits with extreme detail and accuracy. The camera also includes built-in Wi-Fi with NFC connectivity for easy sharing with friends. Incorporating lens-shift VR technology, camera shake is minimized to ensure sharp images and HD video. Combine the S6900’s target-finding AF and 20 scene modes, users can instantly focus on capturing stunning photos and videos, rather than modifying their settings when the shooting situation changes.
The ultra-stylish Coolpix S7000 features the world’s lightest design and is built to impress by combining incredible image quality and performance into an impressively pocketable package. Featuring a 16-megapixel CMOS Sensor, Full HD Video recording with stereo sound, and a 20x optical zoom NIKKOR ED glass lens with 40x Dynamic Fine Zoom, the COOLPIX S7000’s arsenal of features makes a great ultra-slim zoom option for users in need of a capable, yet compact COOLPIX offering. Sharing images can be done at the push of a button with the S7000’s built-in Wi-Fi and NFC connectivity.
The Nikon D810A is a specialized version of the regular D810 that has been modified for specific types of astrophotography. The infrared (IR) cut filter has been optimized to allow transmission of the hydrogen alpha spectral line, resulting in four times greater sensitivity of the 656nm wavelength. The resulting images capture the brilliant red hues of diffuse nebulae and constellations in striking detail and fidelity. While not recommended for general photography, the D810A is an excellent option for photographing the universe with either NIKKOR lenses or third-party adaptors for telescopes.
Featuring a 16-megapixel CMOS sensor, the COOLPIX AW130 is ideal for capturing stunning images and Full HD 1080p video of life’s extreme adventures. Whether snorkeling, rock climbing or skiing, the waterproof (100ft / 30 m), shockproof (7ft / 2.1 m) and freezeproof (14F / -10C) camera is ready to handle all that Mother Nature throws at it. With built-in Wi-Fi and NFC, users can experience quick and easy sharing of photos and videos by wirelessly connecting their camera to a compatible smartphone or tablet, even in remote locations.
The S2900 offers an effective pixel count of 20.1-million pixels, and is equipped with a 5x optical zoom NIKKOR lens that covers the wide-angle 26 mm to telephoto 130 mm angles of view (equivalent focal lengths in 35mm  format) and utilizes Dynamic Fine Zoom to increase zoom capability up to approximately 10x, all in a slim body with a depth measuring approximately 19.8 mm.
The L32 is a model that offers simple operation and superior image quality with an effective pixel count of 20.1-million pixels and a 5x optical zoom NIKKOR lens that covers a broad range of focal lengths, from the wide-angle 26mm to the telephoto 130mm (equivalent angles of view in 35mm  format).
The S3700 has an elegant, compact body with a depth of approximately 20.1 mm. It offers an effective pixel count of 20.1-million pixels, and is equipped with an 8x optical zoom NIKKOR lens that covers the wide-angle 25 mm to telephoto 200 mm angles of view (equivalent focal lengths in 35mm  format), and utilizes Dynamic Fine Zoom to increase zoom capability up to approximately 16x.
The L31 is a model that enables reliable, worry-free automatic shooting. It offers an effective pixel count of 16.1-million pixels, and is equipped with a 5x optical zoom NIKKOR lens that covers a broad range of focal lengths, from the wide-angle 26mm to the telephoto 130mm equivalent.
The Nikon D750 borrows features from the D810 and marries them with a 24MP sensor, offering a faster frame rate than any non-professional full-frame Nikon DSLR since the D700. Aimed squarely at enthusiasts and full-frame upgraders the D750 boasts a comprehensive video and still photography specification which includes a tilting rear LCD screen and (on paper) an improved version of the 51-point AF system found in the D810 and D4S.
The Nikon D810 is a full-frame digital SLR that features 36.3 megapixel FX-format CMOS sensor (without an optical low-pass filter) along with Nikon's latest EXPEED 4 image processing engine. The EXPEED 4 improves performance and image quality and also offers an ISO range of 64 to 12800, which expands to 32 to 51200. There's also a new RAW Small Size option, which produces 16MP images with much smaller file sizes. The shutter mechanism has been redesigned and a first curtain electronic shutter added in order to reduce the risk of 'shutter shake'.
The Nikon 1 S2 is a compact, inexpensive interchangeable lens that uses the company's 1 System (CX-format) lenses. It features a 14.2MP CMOS sensor and ultra-fast hybrid AF system, allowing for 20fps continuous shooting with autofocus.
The Nikon 1 J4 features an 18MP CX-format sensor, an improved Hybrid AF system with 105 phase detect points across nearly 100% of the frame, 20 fps burst shooting with continuous AF and Wi-Fi. With the Expeed 4 processor and advanced AF system, the J4 is capable of burst shooting at 20 fps with continuous autofocus (and 60 fps without).
The Coolpix P340 is Nikon's latest pocket enthusiast camera that now includes built-in Wi-Fi. It features a large 1/1.7", 12.2-megapixel BSI CMOS sensor, full manual controls (P, S, A, M) and Raw image capture. The P340 has a versatile 5x (24-120mm equivalent) wide-angle to telephoto zoom range plus 10x Dynamic Fine Zoom and a fast F/1.8 maximum aperture lens with Lens Shift VR image stabilization.
The Nikon Coolpix P530 is an update to the P520, offering a 16.1MP BSI CMOS sensor. It's a bridge-style camera with a 42x optical zoom range (24-1000mm equivalent), and provides automatic as well as manual and automatic exposure modes. The camera has a 3-inch LCD and electronic viewfinder. It provides Wi-Fi connectivity by way of Nikon's optional WU-1a Wireless Mobile Adapter.
The bridge-style Nikon Coolpix P600 camera features a 24-1440mm zoom lens with lens-shift vibration reduction and a 16MP BSI CMOS sensor. It offers built-in Wi-Fi, letting you wirelessly share your photos to an Android or iOS device. The P600 will let you have full control with P, S, A, M modes or full auto and scene modes for quick snapshots. The P600's scene modes also include two new modes: new Moon and Bird Watching.
The Nikon Coolpix S32 is a family-friendly rugged camera that features a 13.2-megapixel CMOS sensor, a 2.7-inch LCD display and 30-90mm equivalent lens. It's waterproof down to 10m (33ft) and shockproof from a height of 1.5m (5ft).
The AW120 features a 16-megapixel CMOS sensor, a 3-inch OLED screen and a wide angle 24-120mm equivalent image stabilized zoom. It's waterproof down to 59ft (18m), shockproof from a height of 6.6ft (2m) and freezeproof down to 14°F (-10°C). It also comes with built-in Wi-Fi for wireless transfer and GPS with an electronic compass and mapping. The AW120 also features Nikon’s Action Control function that allows easy operation with gloved hands.
The D3300 makes it fun and easy to preserve those moments in the lifelike beauty they deserve: stunning 24.2-megapixel photos and 1080p Full HD videos with tack-sharp details, vibrant colors and softly blurred backgrounds.
The timeless style of Nikon's milestone cameras comes together with our cutting edge imaging technology in the new Nikon Df. The camera features a 16.2-megapixel FX CMOS sensor and the EXPEED 3 image processing engine with an ISO range of 100 – 12800, so you can capture stunning full frame images of exceptional quality every time - all from a camera that is equally exceptional in style and design.
With the innovative functions and amazing performance of the new Nikon 1 J3, you can now easily create your own picture moments. Lightning-fast operation and minimalistic design come together in perfect harmony. Offering 14.2 megapixels and high-speed autofocus, the Nikon 1 J3 lets you capture photos with incredible depth and details.
Five eye-catching hues that complement the camera's minimal design will add a splash of color to your daily life. Perfect for any occasion, you will want to take it with you, everywhere you go. Lenses also come in the same five colors so you can express yourself even more creatively.


VeriPhi CCTV cameras are high quality IP CCTV cameras with resolution up to 4 Megapixels. Complying with ONVIF standards cameras support H.264 as well as H.265 compression protocols.
A full range is available to choose from based on the resolution, indoor or outdoor, standard or rugged tamper-proof, dome, pendant, wall mounts as well as bullet cameras.
VeriPhi cameras come with the latest generation CMOS pickup sensors providing high quality video upto 4K resolutions. They support WDR functionality, AFC as well as analytical alerts for fogging, blurring, video loss etc.


Compact-sized haze machine that fills the space with subtle particles. As haze is lighter and has less density than fog, it increases the visibility and quality of the light beams. Suitable for small concert halls and venues, bars, clubs, etc. The machine can run continuously and offers an energy sa..
Extra large police light fitted with numerous hi-brite LEDs creating a 360° rotating effect.
Fitted with numerous bright LEDs
Adjustable flash speed
Power supply: 220Vac
Dims.: 160 x 155 x 179mm
Power 200mW, wave length 650nm, DPSS diode
Beautiful red laser colour
High precision micro-step N1.8 scanner motor
Operating modes: Sound activation, auto or DMX (Master/Slave)
Thermo-electric air cooling system
Power supply: 220-240V AC, 50/60Hz
Dual laser fitted with 2 x 2 red & green lenses that generate more than 128 laser patterns.
8 x DMX channel: Selection & dimension of the patterns, strobe, dots and lines, vertical & horizontal move
Colours : Red & green (4 lenses)
Operating modes :..
High volume bubble machine that due to its dual wheels fills your premises twice as fast as a normal machine.
Supplied incl. remote control to regulate the bubble output
Voltage: 110-220Vac 50-60Hz
Approx. spray distance: 9m
The light effect emits large and sharp beams in red, green and blue.
High power beams covering a large area
The powerful effect uses a state-of-the-art lens.
The beams are projected on the dance floor or on the wall
102x 5mm hi-brite LEDs
Operating modes: Auto, sound activated, D..
2 DMX channels for speed and dimmer
Speed and dimmer controls on the rear panel
Dimming control from 0-100%
Lamp: XOP15, 1500W
Power supply : 220-230Vac, 50Hz
Dimensions : 530 x 300 x 190mm


The Laser Radar sensor line of products contains few different models (see attached table) that covers a variety of detection ranges and scanning angles to accommodate different needs and requirements. All systems are weather proof IP66 for outdoor security in various sites and facilities such as airports, power plants, jails, sea ports, military bases etc.
The sensors use the Time of Flight Technology. By measuring the distance to surrounding objects, they build a “map” of their environment. Subsequently, the sensors continuously asses the changes in their respective environment and adapts the detection thresholds. A target is detected when the detection thresholds are exceeded.
The DFSL proprietary Laser Radar technology contains 3 key blocks:
1.The Analogue Unit of the Laser Range Finder.
creation, emission and receive of the laser pulses.
2.The Electro-Optic block and the Scanning Mechanism.
lenses and optical filters which determine the size of the beam.
It also includes the Scanning Mechanism which provides the rotation speed of the beam and the scanning sector.
This is the “heart” of the Automatic Target Detection.
The algorithm updates the map and adapts it for changes due to rain, wind (moving bushes), etc.
DFSL products are FDA registered, CE marked & eye safe


In 1940 the average American household had a phonograph, a radio and a telephone. Fast forward to 2021. We are awash with electronic technology – television, computers, cell phones, the Internet, the “cloud” and the list goes on. We will examine some of the technology breakthroughs that got us from there to here, including the transistor, the integrated circuit, cellular technology, fiber optics, lasers, charge coupled devices (CCDs) and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). We will look at both the people, the organizations and the history behind these developments.
Lawrence Anderson earned a PhD in electrical engineering from Stanford University and spent most of his career at what was then AT&T Bell Laboratories, where he was involved in some of the first experimental applications of lasers. He headed the group that designed optical components for the first fiber optic transatlantic cable. He lectured for many years on technical subjects for the Institute for LifeLong Learning for New Mexicans.


The first is at around 30x indicated, but if you continue to rotate the focus wheel, the image will get blurry, then sharp again at around x indicated! Software application for connection drivers and viewer is included. How do I zoom in on an object? When I open Digital Viewer, why do I only see output from my other webcam? If you are having problems with glare, try viewing your intended object at an angle.
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Software digivision usb digital microscope for connection drivers and viewer is included. Other uses for the Digivison Microscope include: The download for this can be found below:. Hold it like a pen. Android support is on a case by case basis.
USB Digital Microscopes – ViTiny Digital Microscopes and Borescopes: ViTiny USA
Author Write something about yourself. If you are having problems with glare, try viewing your intended object at an angle.
The first is at around 30x indicated, but if you continue to rotate the focus wheel, the image will get digivision usb digital microscope, then sharp again at around x indicated!
The first is at around 50x, but if you continue to rotate the focus wheel, the image will get blurry, then sharp again at a much higher magnification. From the factory, the LED control digivision usb digital microscope in the off position.
The level of magnification is controlled by the silver focus wheel, then the microscope or the object must be moved to the appropriate distance in order to be in focus. Since our microscope uses a standard webcam chipset, it will automatically install default webcam drivers when plugged in digivision usb digital microscope a computer.
The download for this can usv found below:. Any price and digivision usb digital microscope information displayed on http: Common uses include classroom exploration, stamp or coin analysis, micro-soldering, garden parasite identification, and much more.
Powered by the USB port.
AVI format at up to 30 frames per second. How do I dim the LED lights? And thanks to its accompanying software you can record your findings as photos and videos on your PC. Digivision usb digital microscope digital microscope connects to the USB port of your computer or laptop and allows you to view close ups of objects with up to x magnification.
digivision usb digital microscope Capture resolution and exposure can be changed with a few clicks, and video or time-lapse modes allow for continuous observation of a subject. Enhanced with 4 white LED lights and a 1. The closer the object, the higher the magnification possible.
Manual focus from 10mm to infinity. The LED lights can be dimmed or turned off by rotating the grey LED light control wheel near the top of the microscope body.
February January micoscope How can I fix this? Author Write something about yourself.
AVI video format with internal lighting. The Digivision Microscope compact and innovative design, as well digivisioj its easy accessibility option make it a perfect candidate for classroom projects for scientific teaching and research.
DIGIVISION USB DIGITAL MICROSCOPE DRIVERS FOR MAC DOWNLOAD
Digivision usb digital microscope a free website Powered by. Create a free website Powered by. No need to be fancy, just an overview. See a live image on your computer and use the instant capture button to save the image. Classroom teaching aid Scientific and laboratory research tool including dissection and examination digivision usb digital microscope specimen Medical analysis such as dermatological examinations, etc Description: How do I magnify an object?
Raspberry Digivision usb digital microscope running Raspbian: How do I dim the LED lights?


MB Iris is an extremely compact light. It is used together with automated systems that incorporate cameras to inspect hard to reach areas such as pipes interior. Iris has been tested to comply with both ASTM E3022-15 and ISO 3059-12 standards as well as with the internal requirements of all PRIMES mentioned on page 7, including Rolls-Royce RRES 90061 and Airbus AITM6-1001. It generates an intensity of approximately 4,000 μW/cm² at 38 cm (15 inches). Iris comes only as mains and it is supplied with a mounting bracket.


This is a relatively new technology used in optometry that allows us to examine the cellular layers of the retina (tissue of the back of the eye) and visualize them in extremely high detail. This helps the doctor to understand the health of the tissues inside your eye and document it for progression awareness. OCT testing can be done as routine testing, or may be done as specialized testing when indicated.
Specialized Testing: OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)
OCT testing may be performed as extra testing for those patients who:
- Have macular degeneration, or are determined as having potential risk factors for it.
- Who are taking certain medications (ex: Plaquenil, tamoxifen).
- Who have certain retinal conditions or changes.
- Who have vision loss.


Dronfield, South Yorkshire, S18 1DJ, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 1246 417691
AMETEK Land (Land Instruments) is the world’s leading manufacturer of monitors and analysers for industrial infrared non-contact temperature measurement, combustion efficiency and environmental pollutant emissions. Through their trusted range of leading-edge technologies, they are chosen the world over to deliver the highly accurate measurement solutions that precisely meet every customer’s process needs. With unrivalled applications knowledge, choosing AMETEK Land ensures the highest standards of process safety, process control and product quality are reached.
Many hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) applications require accurate, reliable temperature measurements without interference with the process. We provide high quality instruments to meet the needs of the HPI sector.
Our dedicated solutions produce critical measurements in reformer and furnace applications, along with flexible thermal imaging systems to cover a range of HPI applications in plants and refineries.
Building on our experience across more than 70 years, AMETEK Land produces an extensive range of measurement solutions specifically designed for the HPI. Offering radiometric infrared technology that doesn’t contaminate the process, our instruments provide essential temperature measurements at critical locations.
We offer high accuracy reliable non-contact temperature measurement solutions for the industrial gas market including Hydrogen Reformer, Ammonia, Methanol and Syngas production applications plus Ethylene Cracking Furnaces. By providing a complete high accuracy thermal image inside the reformer furnace, plus point measurement at specific locations, our Near Infrared Borescope 3XR thermal imager is the ideal tool to optimise plant efficiency and asset utilisation. Alongside the NIR-B 3XR thermal imager, the AMETEK Land Cyclops 390L is the market leader in the gas industry for high accuracy and repeatable non-contact fixed point temperature measurement.
AMETEK Land is part of the Process & Analytical Instruments Division of AMETEK, Inc., a global supplier of high-end analytical instrumentation.


Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture. Die Kamera verfügt über einen APS-C-Bildsensor der in 24 Megapixeln auflöst und Aufnahmen mit maximal 6000 × 4000 Pixeln ermöglicht. Nikon 1 cameras: sensors made by Aptina (not sure about the J5) Note: some of the Nikon-designed sensors are made by Renesas. The sensor has a surface area of 366.6 mm². As a result of these sensor size differences, the cameras have format factors, respectively, of 1.6 (2000D) and 1.5. Nikon D3500, take the aperture of the lens The Nikon D3500 DSLR is as easy to use as a point-and-shoot-camera while taking beautiful photos and videos; and featuring an image sensor 15x larger than a smartphone's camera. Max. DSLR Cameras. Both Canon M200 and Nikon D3500 have APS-C sized 24.0 MP resolution sensors so sensor size and resolution is not a differentiator between these two cameras. One other difference between these two cameras that is worth mentioning is that Nikon D3500's sensor doesn't have an … In the bar chart below, you can find the Entry-Level DSLR cameras with the Largest Sensor. 24,200,000 photosites (pixels) on this area. Min. Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture Nikon D3500 DSLR Camera Bundle with 18-55mm VR Lens | Built-in Wi-Fi|24.2 MP CMOS Sensor | |EXPEED 4 Image Processor and Full HD Videos + 64GB Memory(17pcs) 4.6 out of … Max. Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal D2x: 12 MP CMOS Sony (Nikon designed) D3: 12 MP CMOS Nikon D3s: 12 MP CMOS Nikon D3x: 24 MP CMOS Sony D4: 16 MP CMOS Nikon D4s: 16 MP CMOS Nikon. The sensor area in the Z5 is 134 percent bigger. Technische Merkmale. D3500. 0.5 to 3 m/1 ft 8 in. Der große DX-Format-Sensor der D3500 fängt mit 24,2 Megapixeln detailreiche Fotos und Full-HD-Filme ein – auch bei schwachem Licht. Nikon D5300 Bedienungsanleitung / Handbuch / Gebrauchsanweisung / Anleitung deutsch Download PDF Free - Bedienungsanleitung-deutsch.de Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Nikon D3500 and Nikon D600 Cameras . Pixel pitch is 3.89 µm. Also, each lens will perform better or worst under different shooting conditions. DSLR Cameras. Der Sensor der D3500 bietet viel Potenzial für die Belichtungsoptimierung im Raw-Konverter – hier in Adobe Camera Raw. As seen above, Nikon D600 has a 2.4x Larger sensor area than Nikon D3500. Even though the D3500 has a larger sensor, both cameras offer the same resolution of 24 megapixels. Nikon D3500 DSLR Camera 24.2MP Sensor with NIKKOR 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G VR Lens, SanDisk 32GB Memory Card, Case, 2 Pcs Tripod, 3 Pack Filters and A-Cell Accessory Bundle (Black) Average. Aperture is a lens characteristic, so it's calculated only for Follow the comparison links for a detailed one-on-one comparison of these cameras with the D3500. Both Canon T8i and Nikon D3500 have APS-C sized 24.0 MP resolution sensors so sensor size and resolution is not a differentiator between these two cameras. Z50. Nikon D3500 specs and sensor info: 23.5 x 15.6 mm CMOS sensor with 28.21 mm diagonal and crop factor of 1.53. Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the The best lens for Nikon D3500 is not necessary the best for a full-frame sensor DSLR such as the Nikon D750. Sie wurde im September 2018 in den Markt eingeführt. Weather Sealing. Pixel pitch, which is a measure of the distance between pixels, is 3.89 µm. Entry level DSLRs still sell in the millions worldwide so here to stay for now, until mirrorless can match low price and reasonable features, battery live, low cost lenses, etc. Of the two cameras under consideration, the Nikon D3400 features an APS-C sensor and the Nikon Z5 a full frame sensor. With its weather sealed body, we believe that Z50 has a big advantage over D3500 … All trademarks and product names are property of their respective owners. Both cameras have a native aspect ratio (sensor width to sensor height) of 3:2. Comparison of Nikon D5600 (24.2MP) and Nikon D3500 (24.2MP) on sensor size (28.21mm diagonals), pixel pitch, pixel density and more. If you want to know the equivalent aperture for Thus knowing which types of photography you will be doing will greatly narrow down your choices considering the number of lenses for Nikon D3500 available. Z50. Kamera: Nikon D3500, Objektiv: AF … This is the actual size of the D5500 sensor: 23.5 x 15.6 mm. Darin wird dir die Bedienung des Gerätes erklärt. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages. D3500. As a result of these sensor size differences, the cameras have a format factor of, respectively, 1.5 and 1.0. you're using and multiply it with crop factor. Thickness Comparison . Nikon D3500 has a APS-C sensor with dimensions of 23.5 x 15.6 mm and sensor area of 366.60mm2. Fangen Sie alles ein. One other difference between these two cameras that is worth mentioning is that Nikon D3500's sensor doesn't have an … Especially if you buy some low priced primes for example such as the 50mm f1.8. of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor. The Nikon D3500 also uses a great 24mp Sony sensor, so image quality can be there. next measured in micrometers (µm). 24 MP | APS-C CMOS SensorPentax KAF2 Mount, Rank in All Cameras: #81Rank in DSLR Cameras: #26, Rank in All Cameras: #237Rank in DSLR Cameras: #86, Rank in All Cameras: #105Rank in DSLR Cameras: #39, Rank in All Cameras: #208Rank in DSLR Cameras: #75, Rank in All Cameras: #138Rank in DSLR Cameras: #51, Rank in All Cameras: #231Rank in DSLR Cameras: #85, Rank in All Cameras: #99Rank in DSLR Cameras: #35, 20 MP | APS-C CMOS SensorPentax KAF2 Mount, Rank in All Cameras: #79Rank in DSLR Cameras: #30, 24 MP | APS-C CMOS SensorSony/Minolta Alpha Mount, Rank in All Cameras: #158Rank in DSLR Cameras: #64, 18 MP | APS-C CMOS SensorCanon EF/EF-S Mount, Rank in All Cameras: #287Rank in DSLR Cameras: #102, Entry-Level DSLR cameras with Largest Sensor, Other Frequently Asked Questions about Nikon D3500, 2020 Black Friday - Canon Camera and Lens Deals. Comparison 1: Nikon D5600 vs. Nikon D3400 vs. Nikon D5500 . Die Nikon D3500 ist eine digitale Spiegelreflexkamera des japanischen Herstellers Nikon. Overall, Nikon’s best-performing DX sensor is the one found in the D7200, but the differences in performance between them are so slight that you can pretty much ignore it when making a buying decision. It's slightly higher focal length multiplier). Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem: Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor. Im Zusammenspiel mit der Abbildungsleistung Ihres NIKKOR-Objektivs gelingen Ihnen kunstvolle Porträts mit zarter Hintergrundunschärfe. Ganz einfach. Since both Nikon Z50 and Nikon D3500 have the same APS-C sized sensor, their lenses for a similar focal length and aperture will be similar in size and weight. It is 25% smaller than the average DSLR sensor in its class. It can be calculated with the following formula: The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch: Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula: Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. The Nikon D5300 is an upper entry-level DSLR that improves on the D5200 by removing the optical low-pass filter (OLPF) from its 24MP CMOS sensor, and featuring true 60p HD video capability, and a slightly larger 3.2in side-articulated 1.0M-dot tilt/swivel LCD. 99 The Nikon D3500 DSLR is as easy to use as a point-and-shoot-camera while taking beautiful photos and videos; and featuring an image sensor 15x larger than a smartphone's camera. Außerdem sind darin wichtige Nutzungshinweise wie zum Beispiel der Pflege des Nikon D3500 thalten. compared to DSLRs. fixed lens cameras. Weight Comparison. Both cameras have a native aspect ratio (sensor width to sensor height) of 3:2. Vom ersten Licht bis zum letzten Tanz. Average. Im Betrieb wiegt sie 410 Gramm. to 9 ft 10 in.) The sensor area in the D3500 is 11 percent bigger. Her is another table with the actual sensor models from radojuva.com.ua: Detection range-3 … Now lets have a look at the Nikon D3500 competitors in more detail. There are approx. Nikon Advanced Multi-CAM 3500 II autofocus sensor module with TTL phase detection, fine-tuning, 51 focus points (including 15 cross-type sensors; f/8 supported by one sensor), and AF-assist illuminator (range approx. Nikon D7500 filmt in 4K Zweiter Vorteil des neuen Sensors: Die D7500 kann jetzt auch in 4K mit 3840x2160 Pixel und maximal 30 Bildern pro Sekunde filmen. Hier findest du die Bedienungsanleitung/Handbuch des Sony Nikon D3500 als PDF Datei auf deutsch und/oder auf englisch sowie in anderen Sprachen. with crop factor (a.k.a. than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Nikon D3500 DSLR Camera with 24.2MP Sensor, NIKKOR 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G VR Lens, 2 Pack Sandisk 32GB Memory Card, Bag, Tripod, Flash Light + A-Cell Accessory Bundle (32GB) 5.0 out of 5 stars 2 $559.99 $ 559 . Min. DX-Format-Sensor, 24,2 MP, neig- u. drehbarer Touchscreen, Smartgerät-Kopplung uvm. Entfesseln Sie Ihre Kreativität mit der Nikon D5600 Spiegelreflexkamera. Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next.
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The use of modern fiber optic test equipment can be used to help phone companies keep their networks operating without interference. When a long distance telephone line goes down, it’s not the type of publicity phone companies revel in. Fiber optical technology continues to grow to ensure the dependability of phone companies to all their customers. In addition to the underlying stability and dependability of these networks, fiber optical measurement tools play a large role in keeping these networks operating smoothly.
During installation, commissioning and maintenance, fiber optic cables, connectors and splices are routinely tested for flaws. These tests are done by using specialized test equipment such as fiber optic power meters, optical time domain reflectometers (OTDR), optical sources and optical attenuator’s. These same instruments can be used to determine the basic system operating parameters such as signal levels, signal attenuation and bit error rate (BER) measurements.
During installation and maintenance, it is important to view the continuity of the fiber optic link. This procedure can only be done by using the OTDR. An OTDR consists of a pulsed optical transmitter, an optical coupler and a photo diode-based receiver, signal-processing circuitry and display screen. By using the connectors and the adapters, the OTDR is connected to one end of an fiber optic cable. Its transmitter sends short-duration pulses along the cable that are back scattered by imperfections of the fiber optic itself (Raleigh scattering), or reflected from splices, connectors, breaks and fiber end (Fresnel reflections).
The returned pulses are oriented through the fiber optic coupler to the receiver, where it measures the levels and the traveling time of the returned pulses. Loss and reflection values are shown on a display versus the location of these events, calculated with the traveling time and speed of light inside the fiber core. Locations of the loss and reflection value’s can be given with a 1-meter resolution. For the exact fault location, the values must be corrected, since they show the physical location along the fiber, while the fiber optic is actually twisted within the cable.
Depending on the power level of the transmitter and the pulse width, OTDR’s can reach distances of 50 km to 200km. Longer pulses, due to their higher energy level, are used to cover long-haul applications. Higher resolution, as necessary in short-haul applications, can only be achieved by shorter pulse widths. The measurement resolution describes how far apart two faults can occur and still be accurately measured.
An OTDR is often used by phone companies to isolate breaks or faults within their operation, such as in areas of extreme signal loss within a cable. Resolving a break to within a meter or less narrows down the section of cable that must be replaced, saving expense and time for the service crew. As the OTDR also enables the measurement of the overall length of the fiber optic link, it’s results are often used as a base for the expense calculation of the installation company.
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The history of camera gear is rich, storied, and well, weird. Camera design has evolved in many different directions over time, sometimes in magnificent arcs of ingenuity and design, others in pit stops of absurd creativity or questionable judgment. Today, we’re celebrating some of the strangest stops along that journey.
We’ll limit our list to serious consumer or professional cameras; spy, toy, and gadget cameras could take us down quite a deep rabbit hole!
1. Light L16
One camera, 16 lenses, 16 sensors. The lenses are made of plastic. Some of the lenses lay on their sides. Using five 35mm lenses, five 70mm lenses, six 150mm lenses, and a lot of computational photography, the Light L16 aims to replicate DSLR quality in a miniscule package. While we’ve yet to see it in action, it’s an intriguing concept.


UV, Blue, Green and Red LEDs
Emission wavelength from 375nm to 630nm
Heterostructures can be partly or completely designed by the customers in order to meet the requirements for their specific applications. Using state-of-the-art facilities our team of experts is capable of turning your ideas into world class products.
High Efficiency LED Structures
Thanks to long optimizations of the LED design and the growth parameters for every element constituing the LED structures our LED epiwafers allow to reach superior efficiencies. This is achieved in the full visible spectrum from blue to red.
Best Performances with High Quality Quantum Wells
Our heterostructures are tailored with atomic layer precision. The elements consitituing our heterostructures are based on highly optimized materials so we can guarantee that the specific design of our customers will corresponds to their requirements.


The ImmunoReagents' Allophycocyanin (APC) is an intensely bright phycobiliprotein isolated from red algae that exhibits far-red fluorescence with high quantum yields. It is excited by laser lines at 594 and 633 nm, with an absorbance maximum at 650 nm and a fluorescence emission peak at 660 nm. APC is a large molecule that is chemically crosslinked to use in fluorescence-based detection, primarily for flow cytometry, microarray assays, ELISAs, and other applications that require high sensitivity but not photostability.
This conjugate is suitable for immunomicroscopy and flow cytometry. The optimal working dilution should be determined by the investigator. Suggested starting dilution(?): · 1:20 - 1:2,000 for most applications
Antigen: IgG H&L, F(ab)'2 Fragment
Conjugation: APC (Allophycocyanin)


5th International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Physics
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Title: Laser Modal analysis, an effective tool in reshaping a multimode laser beam into an optimized thin light sheet used in ultramicroscopy imaging technique
Biography: S Saghafi
The solutions of the wave equation provide adequate information about the beam phase and amplitude at any point. In physical optics, the exact solution of the wave equations (e.g. Helmholtz equation), is generally impractical, thus approximations are used; the paraxial approximation applies when the beam waist is large relative to the wavelength and the angle of divergence is small. The multipole expansion method provides solutions to the wave equation. Any solution of Maxwell’s equation can be expressed as the summation of incoming and outgoing electric and magnetic multipole fields. The superposition of any two solutions is also a solution, and this is referred to as the principle of superposition. The electromagnetic field at a point far from a focus is described by expansion of the diffraction integral into a series of functions such as Gegenbauer polynomials or spherical Bessel functions. This method has been used to investigate the effects of different amplitude weighting, and can be extended to truncated Gaussian beams or systems with spherical aberration. Defining an arbitrary field as the modal superposition of individual fields, and employing the angular spectrum method (Fourier optics) in the framework of wave optics, can provide accurate results for the propagation of each component. The field characteristics can be described by a superposition of the propagated components. Using the current solutions of the paraxial wave equation enables to describe the propagation of an arbitrary laser beam from near- to far-field. Based on the modal analysis method, we analyse the output beam of a diode pumped solid state (DPSS) laser emitting a multimode beam. Using the experimental data, the individual modes, their respective contributions, and their optical parameters are determined. We have designed a mode modulator unit that includes different meso-aspheric elements and a soft-aperture to reshape the multimode beam into a quasi-Gaussian beam through the interference and superposition of the various modes. The converted beam is guided into a second optical unit comprising achromatic-aspheric elements to produce a thin light sheet for ultramicroscopy. This sheet is significantly thinner and exhibits less side shoulders compared with a light sheet directly generated from the output of a DPSS multimode laser. The method to generate a reconstructed Gaussian beam from multimode lasers that is described in this paper may help to decrease the price of ultramicroscopy systems, making them more affordable for scientists needing lasers with different wavelengths.


Laser Hair Removal
What is laser hair removal?
Laser hair removal is the process of absorbing/destroying hair follicles by using pulses (wavelengths) of laser light into the skin. The hair follicle lays deep in the dermis of the skin and requires a precise depth of pulse (wavelength) light to be emitted directly into the hair follicle to destroy its function of hair regrowth. There are two different types of treatment for hair removal both use pulses of laser light, A Laser and a IPL (Intense Pulse Light). These two different treatments give very different and distinct results.
What is the difference between Laser and IPL?
The key difference between the two treatments is that an IPL is a much cheaper less effective technology for reducing body hair, it uses a scattered non-targeted pulse of light with multiple wavelengths only 2 mm under the skin, to try and breakdown hair follicles. IPL cannot be used safely on dark skin types.
Lasers are far more precise, they emit a single focused and precise wavelength that can reach over 4 mm into the dermis, whereby optimising maximum follicle absorption and can selectively destroy the hair follicles while leaving all other surrounding skin untouched. Lasers can also successfully treat all skin types 1 to 6.
How can I tell the difference between an IPL or Laser?
One way to tell the difference is by the size of the hand piece and/or the colour of the light. An IPL will usually have a large head with a flat square or oblong glass panel, that omits a white flash of light. Whereas a laser will often have one single probe, omitting a small red light.
The picture above depicts the penetration depths of laser wavelengths. The laser used at Avanthills is a Cynosure Elite Plus, which is a highly versatile aesthetic workstation, which delivers exceptional results for all skin types. The Cynosure Elite Plus has optimal dual wavelengths; the gold standard 755 nm Alexandrite and the 1064 nm Nd YAG wavelengths, as you will see from the diagram our laser has the combined wavelengths that enable the correct penetration of laser to destroy the hair follicle for unsurpassed efficacy on all skin types.
What areas of the body can have Laser Hair Removal?
Laser Hair Removal can be used on various parts of the body, such as:
The Face: Upper Lip, Chin. Sides of Face. Cheeks, Full Face, Ears, Mans Beard, Neck and Back of the Neck
Upper Torso: Shoulders, Under Arms, Forearms, Upper Arms, Full Arm, Hands & Fingers, Chest, Areola, Abdomen, Abdomen Strip, Upper Back, Lower Back, Full Back, Back with Shoulders
Lower Extremity: Bikini Line, Extended Bikini, Brazilian, Buttocks, Lower Leg, Upper Leg, Full Leg. Feet & Toes


Sunglasses that fit you
Using the power of 3D printing you can now get sunglasses with a custom fit. When you download the 3D files you get different options for the width of the nose-ridge, the width of the frame and the length of the temple-pieces. Combine the parts that fit you and print your pair today.
High quality lenses
The polarized lenses are able to filter out harmful UV rays without any optical distortion or haze. Thanks to their scratch resistance you can feel certain about them handling daily wear and tear nicely.
To assemble the glasses simply print the model, remove the supports and glue the frame together around the polarized lenses. We recommend you print in the orientation shown below for easy support removal and high durability.
Download and print your custom sunglasses today. Files available for free.


In the world of commercial production, huge layout laser cutting has actually considerably influenced manufacturing effectiveness. The non-contact nature of laser reducing removes the demand for device modifications, minimizing downtime and boosting total throughput. This performance is additionally boosted by the capability of lasers to reduce numerous items all at once, maximizing the manufacturing procedure and lessening product waste.
Upkeep is an additional vital facet of guaranteeing the laser cutting system durability and efficiency of huge style laser reducing systems. Routine cleansing and calibration of optics, mirrors, and lenses are important for maintaining the precision of the laser beam of light. Executing an aggressive upkeep routine can stop downtime and make certain constant, high-grade cuts over the long-term.
Huge style laser cutting has actually become a cutting edge modern technology in the world of accuracy production. As sectors pursue higher precision and effectiveness, the fostering of this advanced strategy has actually ended up being progressively common. In this thorough overview, we will certainly explore the ins and outs of big style laser cutting, discovering its applications, benefits, and the crucial factors to consider for opening its complete capacity.
While big style laser reducing excels in accuracy and effectiveness, it is not without its difficulties. Furthermore, the option of aid gases, such as nitrogen or oxygen, can affect the high quality of the cut and must be customized to the details product being refined.
The accuracy accomplished with big style laser cutting is an outcome of the focused and concentrated beam that the laser sends out. This high-energy light beam is managed by computer system mathematical control (CNC) systems, making certain thorough precision in every cut. The degree of information that can be accomplished is unrivaled, making it an optimal option for sectors where accuracy is non-negotiable.
Big layout laser reducing stands at the leading edge of accuracy production, using unequaled precision and convenience. As innovation proceeds to advance, huge style laser cutting is positioned to play an also extra considerable function in forming the future of production and layout.
An additional element to be conscious of is the focal size of the laser lens. The focal size establishes the dimension of the laser beam of light and, subsequently, the degree of information in the cut. Various focal sizes appropriate for various applications, with much shorter focal sizes offering finer information and longer focal sizes enabling much deeper cuts.
Among the main benefits of huge style laser cutting is its capability to collaborate with a varied variety of products. Whether it’s steels like stainless-steel and light weight aluminum, or non-metals such as acrylic, timber, or plastics, the laser’s adaptability enables a wide range of applications. This versatility has actually made it a recommended option for elaborate styles, great outlining, and intricate geometries.
At its core, big style laser reducing entails using high-powered lasers to specifically reduce or etch products. Unlike typical techniques, such as mechanical cutting or sawing, laser reducing deals unmatched accuracy and flexibility. This innovation has actually located its specific niche in a variety of markets, from aerospace and automobile to signs and building style.
At its core, big style laser reducing includes the usage of high-powered lasers to specifically reduce or etch products. The accuracy accomplished via big style laser cutting is an outcome of the focused and concentrated beam of light of light that the laser produces. A vital factor to consider in opening the complete possibility of huge layout laser cutting is comprehending the variety of laser resources readily available. In enhancement to product factors to consider, the selection of laser power plays a crucial function in huge layout laser cutting. Greater power level lasers are qualified of reducing with thicker products at faster rates, while reduced power level lasers supply enhanced accuracy for thinner products.
An essential factor to consider in opening the complete capacity of huge style laser cutting is recognizing the variety of laser resources readily available. Carbon dioxide lasers, which run at a longer wavelength, are fit for reducing non-metallic products.
Along with product factors to consider, the selection of laser power plays a crucial function in huge layout laser cutting. Greater electrical power lasers can puncturing thicker products at faster rates, while reduced power level lasers provide enhanced accuracy for thinner products. Striking the best equilibrium in between power and rate is crucial for attaining the preferred end result in any kind of laser reducing application.


Mbabane: The Republic of China on Taiwan has donated the most expensive scanner called thermal imaging camera. Taiwan made this donation to the Ministry of Health at an event held at the Taiwanese embassy in Mbabane on May 4. The Taiwanese team that descended in the country said the thermometer which is infrared powered and is said to be one of few that are used in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic globally. It is able to scan a number of people simultaneously while also ensuring safety as the users need not stand within earshot.
Receiving the donation the Ministry of Health said the camera is easier, to use, safer as well as saves on time, said a member of the team.
On thermal imaging camera
While they are expensive pieces of equipment, their popularity and adoption by fire-fighters in the United States is increasing markedly due to the increased availability of government equipment grants following the September 11 attacks in 2001. Thermal imaging cameras pick up body heat, and they are normally used in cases where people are trapped where rescuers cannot find them.
A thermal imaging camera consists of five components: an optic system, detector, amplifier, signal processing, and display. Fire-service specific thermal imaging cameras incorporate these components in a heat-resistant, ruggedized, and waterproof housing. These parts work together to render infrared radiation, such as that given off by warm objects or flames, into a visible light representation in real time.
The camera display shows infrared output differentials, so two objects with the same temperature will appear to be the same colour. Many thermal imaging cameras use grey scale to represent normal temperature objects, but highlight dangerously hot surfaces in different colours.
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We are away from 23rd June to 30th June. All new orders will be shipped after the 30th of June. We are sorry for the inconvenience.
LED industrial luminaires are lighting lamps, in particular, fluorescent luminaires, LED linear luminaires and High Bay LED luminaires. The offer includes various industrial luminaires ranging from linear office luminaires, hermetic luminaires to linear luminaires with a built-in light source in the form of LED diodes. It is these latter LED luminaires that are revolutionizing the lighting market recently, gaining more and more popularity and recognition among customers. High luminous parameters, negligible failure rate and a wide range of available colour temperatures as well as power put the LED industrial luminaires in the highest place. They are intended in particular for the indoor lighting of premises such as commercial spaces, corridors, warehouses, halls, sports facilities, shops, offices, hotels as well as the lighting of residential buildings.


Lidar Scanning - Saving Time and Money
What is lidar surveying? Lidar, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a surveying technology that uses pulsed laser light to measure distances and its had a huge impact on the surveying industry. In this blog post, we will discuss what lidar surveying is and how it can benefit your project!
Lidar is a form of laser scanning that uses light to measure distances. It can be used to create a three-dimensional map of an object or area. Lidar surveying is often used for mapping and engineering projects, as well as in the mining and agriculture industries.
Lidar has many advantages over traditional surveying methods. For starters, lidar is much faster than traditional survey methods. It can also produce more accurate results, especially when it comes to measuring small objects or features. Lidar is also less affected by weather conditions than traditional survey methods, making it a better choice for many projects.
Ground based lidar scanners are especially useful for surveying highways or construction sites. Drones are also capable of carrying Lidar equipment and are great at capturing topographic data over large areas in a very short amount of time. In both cases, the surveyor can avoid potentially dangerous situations, such as surveying the side of steep terrain, or the pavement of a very busy highway.
While Lidar scanners are still relatively expensive, they are a great investment saving both the surveyors and their clients time and money. Gonzalez-Strength & Associates has invested in both ground based and drone based Lidar equipment. Talk to us about your next project and we'll see if Lidar scanning is a good fit.


Nichia 365nm UV LEDs are probably the most common found in UV flashlights. The LG 365nm UV emitter is way more powerful but harder to find. You 100% want a filtered lens on the UV flashlights, which this doesn’t appear to have. The filtered lens allows for the glowing effect UV given to certain surfaces to be as visible as possible while cutting down on the visible light thus providing much more usable UV light. This may sound confusing but to see them side by side is extremely apparent. The filter is 100% mandatory is my personal opinion owning multiple filtered and unfiltered UV lights.
If you’re searching for what I am talking about you’d look for a Convoy S2 with LG emitter. You may find it hard to find given a patent troll has attempted to scrub them all from the internet to maximize his own profit margins, but they’re out there if you look hard enough.
Trust me when I say a filtered lens is the only way to go when it comes to UV lights. Anyone who tells you otherwise is clueless.
Lastly: ALWAYS WEAR UV EYE PROTECTION WHEN USING THESE LIGHTS You will 100% suffer eye damage if this reflects off a surface and is exposed to an unprotected eye. Your eye does not properly adjust to UV and will cause permanent eye damage if you do not heed my warning.
Woot’s “Don’t direct the flashlight light to human eyes to avoid injury.” is an interesting to say that you will have absolute permanent eye damage even with MINIMUM exposure time to the naked eye. Do not use this ANYWHERE near skin, pets, or other humans. Always 100% of the time use UV eye protection with this. I really cannot stress this enough. The dangers of UV light to eyes and skin are astronomical. Keep this away from your children. Do not even let them know you own it. These things lead to so many hospital visits a year it’s not funny.
Here is an example of what you will do to your eye.


Sol 2 has up to 180 WS2812B LEDs. According to their spec sheet, they can pull up to 60mA when all 3 R,G,B LEDs are on. This will be referred to as "full bright white", and can theoretically reach 10.8A for just the LEDs. If you keep saturation at 255 (100%), the LEDs will only use one LED (or a combination of two or three) at full power, so the current will be closer to 20mA. In order to reach full bright white, you must reduce saturation to 0, and increase brightness to 255.


University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York
The Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) of the University of Rochester is a unique national resource for research and education in science and technology. LLE was established in The 1970s as a center for the investigation of the interaction of intense radiation with matter, the Laboratory’s mission is to conduct implosion experiments and basic physics experiments in support of the National Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) program, to develop new laser and materials technologies, to provide graduate and undergraduate education in electro-optics, high power lasers, high-energy-density physics, plasma physics, and nuclear fusion technology and to conduct research and development in advanced technology related to high energy density phenomena. Precautions were taken and implemented within the design to control movement and any form of vibration that would adversely affect the laboratories sensitive laser equipment. The sketch shown depicts Laboratory for Laser Energetics major research facility, the OMEGA laser system. OMEGA stands 10 meters tall and is approximately 100 meters in length. This system delivers pulses of laser energy to targets in order to measure the resulting nuclear and fluid dynamic events. OMEGA’s 60 laser beams focus up to 40,000 joules of
energy onto a target that measures less than 1 millimeter in diameter in approximately one billionth of a second. At LLE, scientists continue to research what will one day become a vast source of power using the ocean’s ample storehouse of potential energy.


Founded in 2010, Shenzhen Powerstar Technology Co.,Ltd is a modern high-tech enterprise integrating R&D, design, production, sales and service. We focusing on high-end commercial lighting with strong innovation ability.
Our core team members have 10-15 years of experience in business, R&D, procurement and factory operation in the lighting industry, which provides a strong guarantee to serve our customers.
Powerstar has passed ISO9001:2015 quality system certification standards, the product passed TUV/SAA/CE/CB/ROHS/SASO certification. We have high precision optical inspection equipment, automated production equipment and high performance aging inspection equipment to ensure the quality of every product.
Powerstar has established a good strategic partnership with well know companies at home and abroad, including OSRAM, PHILIPS, TRIDONIC, CREE, CITIZEN.
Powerstar focus on high efficiency, low light decay, low UGR, flicker free commercial lighting products including: led downlight, led track light, led linear light, led elephant trunk light, led bucket light, led flood light, led high bay, led street light with novel style and complete variety. Widely used in the subway, shopping malls, hotels, clothing chain supermarkets, automotive 4S stores, home furnishing stores, theaters, museums, jewelry chain stores, parking lots, subways, hospitals, schools, municipal engineering and other high-end commercial lighting projects. We provide customized and personalized design services for our customers.
The products of Powerstar achieve a perfect integration of light and space, combining the practicality, functionality, artistry, comfort and technology of the products in an organic way.
Gratitude, Integrity, Communication, Efficiency, Innovation, Win-win
To bring healthy and comfortable light into people's lives.
To build a harmonious and win-win ecosystem for employees, customers, suppliers and partners.
Product Service Projects:
Domestic: 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, China Railway Group, Poly Theatre, Chengdu Phoenix Music Theme Park, Shenzhen Metro, Nanchang Metro, Hong Kong Metro, Hong Kong Wanchai Convention and Exhibition Center, Macau Casino etc.
International: Italy supermarket chain MD, Germany Berlin University, Switzerland ETH Zurich, Spain ZARA, Philippines H&M, Spain IKEA chain, Spain Mercedes Benz 4S store, Switzerland KFC Restaurant, Thailand Grand Palace,Thailand Toyota 4S store, UK Manchester Airport, UK Manchester Football Club, USA Miami Museum etc.


Thin and Light Lenses
Modern lens materials, allied to computer-based design and manufacturing technologies, mean that manufacturers can make lenses that are thinner and lighter than have ever been possible before. With higher prescriptions, the differences can be extraordinary.
If you’re short sighted, the thickness of the edge of standard lenses can ruin the effect of an expensive designer frame, while if you are long sighted, conventional lenses can bulge out from the frame and magnify your eyes. Modern thin and light lenses have put an end to these drawbacks.
Even though Thin and Light lenses are thinner, they’re nevertheless very resistant to breakage. Airwear Thin and Light lenses offer unmatched protection from impact and 100% protection from UVA and UVB radiation. They don’t just look better - thinner lenses are naturally lighter, so they’re much more comfortable to wear.
We have a range of Thin and Light lenses, including Lineis 1.74, Stylis 1.67 and Airwear 1.6, each offering slightly different benefits. So, whether you wear single vision lenses or Varilux, ask us about Thin and Light lenses which can really make the most of your new spectacles.Back


As we get older, our ability to focus on things at different distances begins to fade, forcing some of us to rely on bifocals and other vision aids.
Like other replacement lenses, Acrysof ReSTOR lenses are put in place during cataract surgery. Unlike other lenses, however, the Acrysof ReSTOR lens lets patients see from near to far usually without glasses. Most Acrysof ReSTOR patients find that they can read a book, work on a computer, drive a car – day or night – and play golf or tennis with an increased freedom from glasses.
Another visual impairment that can accompany cataracts is caused by astigmatism. This too can be corrected with an advanced lens, the Acrysof TORIC implant especially designed to neutralize the effects of astigmatism. This lens helps keep images from being distorted following cataract surgery thus reducing reliance on glasses.
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Exact level of optical power input is displayed on screen.
The High performance DFB lasers with narrow lines, good linear and high output power.
RF power digital automatic processing technology developed and operated ourselves is used in the part of RF drive. It automatically adjusts the RF drive power according to the input RF signal level and channel number. To ensure CSO, CTB and C/N index in the best value and overall system performance.
Advanced multi-frequency pre-distortion technology the latest full RF GaAs devices improve the CTC and CSO. C/N index get the maximum promotion
LCD display displaying the operating parameters and fault information.
Optical Power : 4 ~ 31 mw
Optical Wavelength : 1310±20 nm
Laser Type : DFB Laser
Optical Modulating Mode: Directly Optical Intension Modulation
MGC controlled Range : ±8dB
AGC Controlled Range : ±8dB
C/CTB : ≥65dB
C/CSO : ≥60dB
Frequency Range : 47 ~ 862 mHz
10 + 10 dBm
11 + 11 dBm


Book a meeting with Noliac at SPIE Photonics West 2017
Piezo partner for the photonics industry
Noliac has a long history of close cooperation with a long range of companies working in the photonics industry. John Klausen, Managing Director of Noliac North America, will visit SPIE Photonics West and explains:
- Photonics West is a huge event where the entire photonics industry is assembled. Therefore, it is the perfect venue for us to be updated on new products and trends in the industry. At the same time, this is a good opportunity to meet with many of our existing and potential customers. Here, we can sit down and start looking at how we can help you find the best piezo solution for your next photonics project.
Book a meeting
If you want to arrange a meeting at SPIE Photonics West to hear more of Noliac’s products or to discuss a piezo solution for your next application, please contact John Klausen directly. John will be available for meetings on January 31 and February 1:
Read more about SPIE Photonics West
SPIE Photonics West is the world’s largest multidisciplinary event for photonics with more than 20,000 visitors and more than 1,300 exhibitors. The event is held in the Moscone Center that has more than 400,000 square feet of exhibition space.


Tillett and Hague Technology Ltd
Tillett and Hague Technology is a research and development company providing automation technology for the agricultural and related industries. We license our technology to manufacturers, provide technical support, and conduct research and development contracts. We have particular expertise in precision guidance and provide the technology behind Robocrop in-row and inter-row vision guidance systems.
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Last year the BBC reviewed a new glass coating that is self cleaning and anti-bacterial. Made from Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), the surface reacts with light to do its job.
Two product extensions are now available from Japan– TiO2 paint and household spray. They basically work the same way, reacting to sunlight, but are used to create more sterile interior spaces. As explained by Dr. Kevin Sanderson, one of the developers of the original glass coating:
It [TiO2] absorbs sunlight – ultraviolet radiation – which causes what is called a photocatalytic effect. Through this process, the coating reacts with light which then breaks down organic dirt.
These new products, named Kukai, are available for purchase at tio2paint.com where there's more information available about how they work.


'Rangefinder' with optical anti-shake technology
Golf Zone Decca
Korea's first golf rangefinder with optical anti-shake technology has been released. GolfZone Decca (CEO Jung Ju-myung), a global golf rangefinder company, introduced the aim L30 Stabilized, the culmination of 20 years of research and development, 섯다 on the 31st of last month.
The aim L30 Stabilized is the first rangefinder brand in Korea to apply a unique anti-shake technology called 'SCT', one of the optical image stabilization (OIS) technologies, to capture targets steadily even with strong shaking. It also features a design that fits snugly in the hand and the latest GolfBuddy features, including ZST+, to deliver the highest level of distance measurement performance on the field.
SCT is GolfBuddy's proprietary lens-driven image stabilization technology, where a gyro sensor in the aim L30 Stabilized's optics detects when the rangefinder is shaking, and a small motor in the lens drives it to compensate. 카지노사이트랭크 Previous anti-shake rangefinders on the market use a fixed frequency method, which has the disadvantage of slowing down the detection of large shake changes, but GolfBuddy uses a variable frequency method to recognize the target, so it can quickly and accurately compensate for both small and large shakes.
The GolfBuddy aim L30 Stabilized rangefinder comes with premium features. The bi-color green and red OLED viewfinder provides a high contrast ratio and a crisp, clear view, making it easy to use in both day and night conditions. GolfBuddy's unique ZST+ ultra-fast distance measurement technology enables distance measurement in just 0.15 seconds, with a more precise measurement unit of 10 centimeters. It's also capable of measuring short putts with a minimum distance of 2 meters, 온라인섯다 as well as capturing targets up to 900 meters away.
Simply press and hold the measurement button to automatically activate the Pin Finder function, which accurately measures the distance to the pin without distraction, even if there are obstacles around the target and pin. Vibration alerts let you know when you've hit the target, and it's water resistant to IPX4 so you can play in cloudy weather without worry. With a simple button switch (ON, OFF), the slope function calculates the incline and distance to the point you want to measure and gives you a calibrated distance to help you navigate the course.
The aim L30 Stabilized is GolfBuddy's top flagship lineup with a user-centered design, and its modern black and white color scheme is complemented by soft, high-quality leather. Each new model comes with an exclusive pouch made of Saffiano leather.
For more information and to purchase the new aim L30 Stabilized, please visit Golfzone Market, Golfzone's online store, Golfing, and GolfBuddy's Naver Brand Store. 고스톱
by gostopsite_7882 on 2023-09-24 12:09:29
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Webb Science Instruments Overview
Nikole Lewis, firstname.lastname@example.org
The James Webb Space Telescope offers a broad range of observing modes covering a wide wavelength range from the optical to the mid-infrared (0.6 to 28.5 microns). These modes will offer unprecedented photometric and spectroscopic performance to enable a broad range of astronomical science. The four Webb science instruments (Near-InfraRed Imager and Slitless Spectrograph [NIRISS], Near InfraRed Camera [NIRCam], Near InfraRed Spectrograph [NIRSpec], and Mid-Infrared Instrument [MIRI]) offer complimentary capabilities including multiple imaging and spectroscopic modes. An overview of instrument coverage appears in Figure 1.
NIRCam has two modules, each with a field of view of 2.2 × 2.2 arcmin. Within each module, the light is split with a dichroic and sent to a short-wavelength (0.6–2.3 microns) and a long-wavelength (2.4–5 microns) channel, which observe simultaneously. The short-wavelength channel has a scale of 0.032 arcsec per pixel, which Nyquist samples the PSF at 2 microns. The long-wavelength channel has a pixel scale of 0.065 arcsec. Each channel has a selection of wide-, medium-, and narrow-band filters.
NIRISS is capable of imaging from 0.8 to 5 microns with a field of view of 2.2 × 2.2 arcmin. NIRCam is the camera of choice for near-infrared imaging with Webb, since it has twice the field of view of NIRISS and obtains "blue" and "red" images simultaneously. The NIRISS filter set closely match available NIRCam filters, which enables NIRISS to increase the resultant sky coverage when used in parallel with NIRCam.
MIRI provides broad-band (R ∼ 5) imaging from 5 to 27 microns over a field of view of 74 × 113 arcsecs, with a pixel scale of 0.11 arcsec.
For wavelengths between 1.7 and 5 microns, NIRCam has the capability to suppress the light from a bright target, with several different choices of apodized occulters. The coronagraphic observing mode includes Lyot stops to suppress the diffraction wings of the bright source, as well as neutral-density squares to allow accurate target acquisition on bright targets. Inner working angles are ∼4–6 λ/D. A fiducial contrast ratio is 10-5 to 10-6 at 2 microns for a source separation of 1 arcsec.
For observations from 5–28 microns, MIRI has four individual coronagraphs, one of which is based on the classic design of Lyot and three of which are based on four-quadrant phase masks (4QPMs). The classical Lyot coronagraph places an occulting spot in the focal plane to block the light from a bright point source from entering the instrument, resulting in an inner working angle of 2.1 arcsec. It is intended for observations at ∼23 microns.
The 4QPMs in MIRI use an optical element that retards the phase by π in two diagonally opposite quadrants. If a monochromatic source is placed exactly at the center of the resulting four-quadrant phase mask, the rejection is formally complete. Working with spectral bandpasses of ∼10%, the 4QPMs have inner working angles of 0.3–0.5 arcsec, with contrasts in the range 10–3–10–4 for a source separation of 1 arcsec.
Through the use of a non-redundant aperture mask (NRM), NIRISS provides Webb's highest-resolution imaging. The mask turns the full aperture of the telescope into an interferometric array such that each baseline (i.e., the vector linking the centers of two holes) is unique and forms fringes with a unique spatial frequency in the image plane. This observing capability is particularly useful for high-contrast imaging of sources around bright stars, as well as for measuring the structural properties of the nuclei of galaxies and star clusters. The NRM is designed to detect point sources that are separated by 0.1–0.5 arcsec with a brightness (contrast) ratio as small as 10–4–10–5. The resolution provided by the longest baseline is ∼0.075 arcsec at 4.6 microns. The NRM is optimized for observations through three medium-band filters from 3.5–5 microns, with observations possible as well through a broad-band filter at 2.8 microns.
NIRSpec has one R ∼ 100 prism, three R ∼ 1000 gratings, and three R ∼ 2700 gratings. The prism covers 0.6–5.2 microns in one exposure or 1.0–5.2 microns with a long pass filter. The gratings are used in first order with four long pass filters to observe ∼0.7–1.2, ∼1.0–1.8, ∼1.7–3.0, or ∼2.9–5.2 microns without second-order contamination. Four exposures are required to cover 0.7–5.2 microns at R ∼ 1000 or R ∼ 2700.
NIRISS has two R ∼ 150 grisms that disperse in orthogonal directions and one R ∼ 700 cross-dispersed grism. The R ∼ 150 grisms cover 0.8–2.8 microns. The cross-dispersed grism simultaneously covers 0.9–2.8 microns at R ∼ 700 in first order and 0.6–1.4 microns at R ∼ 1400 in second order before orders start to merge at longer wavelengths. One exposure is required to cover the full wavelength range with each disperser.
NIRCam has two R ∼ 1450 grisms, in the long-wave channel, with orthogonal orientations. A grism is used with a broadband filter to observe 2.4–3.1, 2.4–4.0, 3.1–4.0, 3.9–4.3, or 3.9–5.0 microns. Two exposures are required to cover the full 2.4–5.0 micron wavelength range. Simultaneous photometry in the short-wave channel can be specified to complement long-wave channel grism observations.
MIRI has one R ∼ 100 prism and twelve R ∼ 1500–3200 gratings that cover 5–29 microns. The prism covers 5–12 microns in one exposure. Only three exposures are required to cover the full wavelength range at medium spectral resolution because three dichroics are used to record spectra from four gratings simultaneously.
Two instruments have slits that can be used to observe a single object, while blocking light from other objects in the field of view. NIRSpec has five slits that can be used with any of the dispersers to observe a single object. Three of these slits are 0.2 × 3.3 arcsec in size, one is a 0.4 × 3.65 arcsec slit, and there is a 1.6 × 1.6 arcsec square aperture that is optimized for precise flux measurements of exoplanet host stars. MIRI has a 0.51 × 4.7 arcsec slit that can be used with the R ∼ 100 prism.
Three instruments have slitless configurations that can be used to observe a relatively bright isolated source, such as an exoplanet host star, without variable slit losses. The NIRISS cross-dispersed R ∼ 700 grism covers 0.6–2.8 in one exposure. One NIRCam R ∼ 1450 grism covers 2.4–5.0 microns in two exposures. The MIRI R ∼ 100 prism covers 5–12 microns in a single exposure. In all cases, contamination from neighboring objects may be an issue for certain targets at certain telescope orientations.
NIRISS can obtain slitless spectra of all objects in the field of view using the two R ∼ 150 grisms with orthogonal orientations and a direct image to facilitate spectral extraction. NIRCam has a similar capability at longer wavelengths (2.4–5 microns) and much higher spectral resolution (R ∼ 1450, hence much longer spectra).
NIRSpec has a microshutter array (MSA) with a quarter million configurable shutters. These MSA shutters can be opened in columns to form mini spectral slits on targets of interest. This allows multiplexing spectroscopy of dozens to hundreds of targets, depending on target catalog density and observation selection constraints. Each individual shutter is 0.2 × 0.46 arcsec. Because the cadence of shutters is fixed, objects will not all be centered in their respective shutters. Observers will use a specialized tool to plan MSA observations. The MSA can be used with any of the 7 NIRSpec dispersers, but at R ∼ 2700 spectra of objects near one edge of the field of view will be truncated.
Integral Field Spectroscopy
Two instruments have integral field units (IFUs). The NIRSpec IFU has an image slicing design with 30 0.1 arcsec slices that sample the 3 × 3 arcsec field of view. The NIRSpec IFU can be used with any of the 7 dispersers and is optimized for three-dimensional imaging spectroscopy of spatially extended targets. The MIRI IFU feeds the 12 gratings four at a time using three dichroics. The field of view increases from about 4 × 4 arcsec at short wavelength to about 8 × 8 arcsec at long wavelengths. The fields of view in each wavelength interval are nested.
The Webb sensitivities reported in the plots below, in Figure 4, are the mission requirements: the minimum performance required of each instrument. This is a conservative approach and the on-orbit performance may be better. Expected performance of the instruments will be released in the Webb flight Exposure Time Calculator in January 2017. Sensitivities for other observatories are taken from instrument handbooks, online calculators, and published papers.
For additional and most up-to-date information on Webb instruments, observing modes, and performance visit: https://jwst.stsci.edu/instrumentation. A series of lectures and webinars regarding instrumentation and observing capabilities is discussed in an article by Christine Chen in this Newsletter (vol. 33, issue 3).


Rear View Mirror Button Mounting Machine
Fields Of Application: Automotive Glass
Machine Type: Mirror button process machinery.
Usage: Bonds mirror buttons to windshields
Glass Required: Laminated windshields for vehicle
Model NO.: FZMBS-A
Maximum Glass Size: 1800*1250 mm Minimum Glass Size: 1100*500 mm
Glass Thickness: 2mm – 8 mm
Orientation Of Glasses: Wing Down
Depth Of Bend: 10-200mm
Control System: PLC
After-sales Service Provided: Engineers Available To Service Machinery Overseas
Brand: FUZUAN MACHINERY
Warranty: 1 Years
Origin: Jiangsu, China
PURPOSE/DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS
In the process of laminated windshield glass production, there are Rear-view mirror bracket, rain sensor bracket installation required. This line is specially designed for the laminated front windshields, automatic adhesion of the Mirror Buttons.
This proposal is a full automation type equipment.
The operation steps as below,
Glass→Glass positioning conveyor→Press procedure→Glass surface preheating →Pre positioning etc. Process
Robot catch mirror button element（Or operator manual put into the mould)→Press procedure→ Preheating button base element →visual system photo location→Position signal given to robot→Mirror button base element adhesion→After setting pressure and time→Finish the process→Glass out unloading
Automobile laminated windshield glass
The capacity for FZMBS-A: 25s/pc (Customized)
This Rear view mirror button station line mainly includes,
● Glass positioning conveyor
● CCD visual positioning system
●Preheating and temperature measuring system for mirror button base
●Glass unloading conveyor
The main frame material adopt square tube and aluminum. The glass transfer adopts adjustable belt.
After the mirror button process completed, based on the normal standard mirror button process operation, the mirror button adhesion area is ≥50%.
1.2 Technical Parameters
|Maximum Glass Size||1800*1250 mm|
|Minimum Glass Size||1100*500 mm|
|Glass Thickness||2 mm– 8 mm|
|Conveyor Height||850mm +/- 30 mm (Customized)|
|Depth of Bend||10- 200mm|
|Rear-view mirror bracket installation area||With clear identification mark|
|Dimension||14970L*3400W*3100 mm (Customized)|
|Voltage/Frequency||380V/50Hz 3ph (Customized)|
|PLC Voltage PLC||220V|
|Compressed air||0.6-0.7 Mpa|
|Compressed Air Flow||2 cbm/min|
● It equipped with a sensor at the entrance of conveyor, to detect the glass entrance and control equipment action.
● Preheating system and infrared measurement control system at the entrance of conveyor, used to preheat the glass surface.
● A set of preheating system and infrared measurement control system at the mirror button installation area, used to preheat the button base.
● The X/Y/Z-axis pre-positioning clamping, adopts servo and cylinder control, it suitable for various specifications of glass pre-positioning.
● A set of six-axis robot, which equipped with a multi-function mirror button bracket mounting mechanism, it is suitable for quick replacement of the button adhesion mould of different types.
● Visual system and light source, to ensure a precise identification of adhesion position.
RELATED PROCESSING LINE MACHINES
Automotive Laminated Windshield glass Production Machinery
● Automatic Glass Loading Machine
● Glass Cutting, Breaking, Grinding Machines
● Flat Glass Washing And Drying Machine
● Glass Silk Screen Printing, Drying And Cooling System
● Talcum Powder Spraying Machine
● Glass Bending Furnace
● Curved Glass Washing And Drying Machine
● PVB Assembly Line Automotive (PVB Film is sandwiched between 2 sheets of glass)
● Vacuum De-airing process
● Rear View Mirror Button Bracket
● Glass Inspection Line
● Glass packing


Optical absorption loss processes in semiconductor lasers.
A laser video projector operates by modulating three laser beams (red, green, and blue) to project an image without the need for a screen or optical lens. Semiconductor lasers, already very successful in optical storage applications, are an ideal solution for small and portable laser projectors. Although red and blue semiconductor lasers are widely available, green ones have only recently started to emerge. However, large internal losses limit their output power. This loss is primarily due to the overlap of the optical mode with the p-type layers of the device, but its exact origin is unclear. With this question in mind, we developed a computationally-tractable first-principles formalism to study free-carrier absorption in nitride materials and assess whether it could be the microscopic mechanism responsible for the loss. Our results show that the culprit for the optical loss is absorption by the high concentration of holes bound to non-ionized acceptor atoms (in this case Mg) in p-GaN. Although these bound holes do not contribute to the conductivity, they introduce empty states just above the valence band edge and enable optical absorption processes for every wavelength in the visible. These optical transitions are indirect, mediated by the electron-phonon-interaction which is particularly strong in the nitrides. Based on this finding, we proposed ways to reduce the absorption loss and increase the laser efficiency and power output.
E. Kioupakis, P. Rinke, and C. G. Van de Walle, Determination of internal loss in nitride lasers from first principles, Appl. Phys. Express 3 (2010) 082101
E. Kioupakis, P. Rinke, A. Schleiffe, F. Bechstedt, and C. G. Van de Walle, Free-carrier absorption in nitrides from first principles, Phys. Rev. B 81 (2010) 241201(R)
Auger recombination and efficiency droop in nitride light emitters.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are efficient, non-toxic, and long-lasting white light sources that can replace incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs for general lighting applications. However, existing nitride-based white LEDs show a dramatic efficiency decrease when operated at the high powers required for general lighting, the origin of which is a matter of debate. Using a first-principles computational formalism that we developed, we found that the efficiency loss comes from Auger recombination, a three-carrier non-radiative recombination mechanism that dominates over the radiative process at high carrier densities. Contrary to other optoelectronic semiconductors, Auger recombination in the nitrides occurs via indirect processes, mediated by electron-phonon coupling and alloy scattering. Identifying the primary loss mechanism suggests device designs that reduce its impact and is the first step towards the engineering of efficient high-power LEDs.
In addition, we have investigated the interplay of polarization fields and nonradiative Auger recombination on the droop and green-gap problems. An important conclusion is that device designs that minimize the polarization fields lead to higher efficiency, not because the internal quantum efficiency is improved at a given carrier density but because they can be operated at a lower carrier density for a given current density.
In addition, investigations into the fundamentals of Auger recombination have continued, including studies of the influence of temperature, carrier density and quantum-well confinement.
"Researchers say they've solved the mystery of LED lighting "Droop"", May 2011, Department of Energy blog
"LED lighting comes out of the dark", April 2011, NERSC website
"UCSB theory blames indirect Auger recombination for nitride LED droop", April 2011, Semiconductor Today
"Theorists claim to have solved LED droop puzzle", April 2011, Compound Semiconductor
"LED efficiency puzzle reportedly solved", April 2011, Photonics.com
"Theorists crack LED lighting performace problem", April 2011, UCSB Engineering
"LED efficiency puzzle solved by UC Santa Barbara theorists", April 2011, UCSB Center for Energy Efficient Materials
"LED efficiency puzzle solved by UC Santa Barbara theorists", April 2011, UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
Auger recombination in III-V semiconductors
In addition to III-nitrides, we are studying Auger recombination in traditional III-V materials. These materials are used in long-wavelength light emitters in the red and infrared. Also, studying these materials provides insight into the basic mechanisms of Auger recombination in materials, such as the relative importance of the direct and indirect process, as well as the phonon modes that mediate indirect Auger. We have performed calculations for GaAs. Surprisingly, even though GaAs has a smaller gap and a significantly different band structure compared to nitrides, the phonon-assisted indirect recombination is again found to be an important or even dominant contribution to the recombination rate; the direct (purely Coulomb-mediated) recombination is not sufficient to explain experimental Auger coefficients.
D. Steiauf, E. Kioupakis, and C.G. Van de Walle, 1, 643 (2014).
Loss due to Shockley-Read-Hall recombination at defects
We are exploring the microscopic origin of Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination in nitride light emitters, which limit the maximum internal quantum efficiency of the devices. A SRH recombination process consists of two carrier capture events: electron capture and hole capture. Thus, the study of carrier capture processes is a prerequisite to the study of SRH recombination. We have developed a practical first-principles methodology to calculate carrier capture coefficients based on parameters from hybrid functional calculations. These have been benchmarked with available experimental data for selected defects in GaN and ZnO, and have demonstrated excellent agreement.
A. Alkauskus, Q. Yan, and C. G. Van de Walle, Phys. Rev. B 90, 075202 (2014). [Editor's suggestion]
Photoluminescence lineshapes of defects
Though nonradiative transitions result in loss from Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, the experimental study of radiative transitions provides a lot of useful information about defect geometries, vibrational properties, etc. However it is often difficult to determine the chemical nature of defects responsible for a given experimental observation. Therefore, the ability to determine the luminescence properties of defects from first principles is a powerful tool for defect identification. We have developed a first-principles methodology to calculate luminescence lineshapes for defects with very strong electron-phonon coupling and extended it to treat the more complicated situation of defects with moderate electron-phonon coupling, which have lineshapes with more structure, and often many contributing phonon frequencies. We have benchmarked these techniques and now are using them to explore various defects in nitride materials and beyond.
A. Alkauskas, J. Lyons, D. Steiauf, and C. Van de Walle, Phys. Rev. Lett., 109, 267401 (2012).
A. Alkauskas, B. B. Buckley, D. D. Awschalom, and C. G. Van de Walle, New J. Phys. 16, 073026 (2014).
Back to Van de Walle Group Home Page


Canon EF17-40 before disassembly.
Remove the 3 black screws attaching the plastic cover inside the mount.
Now remove the plastic cover.
Pry out the inner plastic ring. A plastic bicycle tire tool is used in this
Here the tabs that hold the plastic ring in place are visible.
Next, detach the electrical contact block from the inner surface of the lens mount by removing these two screws.
Remove 4 screws holding the lens mount (in this photo, the mount has rotated,
hiding the threads).
The lens mount lifts off.
Disconnect all 5 ribbon cables from the connector circuit board. Three have
plastic locks that first must be pulled back.
Remove the connector circuit board by removing 2 screws. Some sections of the ribbon cables are anchored with gum. Pull the ribbon cables away carefully.
Remove 2 screws from the zoom control. They are under the plastic grip band.
The two screws anchor brass buckets that fit into the zoon ring.
Remove 4 screws holding the outer lens casing.
Lift off the casing. Be careful with the ribbon cables.
Remove the screws holding the front portion of the lens casing.
Remove the front lens casing. There are two pieces. The smaller piece clips to the front lens element and moves as the lens is zoomed. The outer piece is stationary. The outer edge of the inner part contains a felt seal. The inner part can be snapped in as the very last step of reassembly. It can also be installed in the order removed. Study where the mounting clips seat so that it can be rotated to a position that lets it correctly snap into place.
Now the front element is visible.
Now the front element can be removed. Mine has developed strange spots that disassembly did not allow me to clean.
This is only partial disassembly of the lens. My aim was to clean the front element, so I did not disassemble further.