– Base Type: E26
– Dimmable : Yes
-Color: Warm White 3000K
– Luminous Intensity: 1400lm
– Watts: 17W
– CRI: 80
– Voltage: 120V
– Incandescent Equivalent: 100W
– Certifications: UL and ENERGY STAR
1) This High Power BR40 LED, offers a market leading 1400lm output and is perfect for areas where a brighter light is needed.
2) A green product that saves energy, helps our earth, and lowers electric bills.
3) The powerful light output and beam angle make it perfect for all manor of uses in the home, including lighting rooms that have slightly taller ceilings than most.
4) In comparison to other LED bulbs available, the slightly wider beam angle and 1400lm output will ensure the bulbs packs enough of a punch to reach floor and work surface level, even when placed in a higher ceiling
5) This retrofit LED bulb fits straight into most existing fittings but please refer to the listed specifications should you wish to double check the LEDs fitting size.
Why Buy yourself a LED Bulb
1) LEDs have great advantage of thermal resistance, larger cooling area, better lighting effect and high light efficacy.
2) High CRI (Color Rendering Index) means that the LED is emitting more of the color spectrum than typical LEDs do, Your typical bright-blue tint LED drops red, orange and aqua wavelengths, but modern high CRI emitters do a better job of outputting the entire spectrum
3) Proprietary Optics Lens enabling glare-free uniform lighting for all working environments
- #1 Rated LED BR40
- ? DIMMABLE with UL & ENERGY STAR LISTED. Reduce re-lamp frequency. Lifespan over 25,000 hrs
- ? One of the highest standard bulbs on the market; Perferred by most contractors and electricians
- ? Applications: Home Lighting, Landscape Lighting, Track Lighting, Accent lighting, Art Galleries, General Lighting, Hotels, Museums, Offices, Restaurants, Retail Shops
- ? Super BRIGHT light, SAVES energy, and LOWERS electric costs


Photographer Abelardo Morell creates unusual images that bring the exterior world to the interior of rooms through the use of an optical device, the camera obscura.
He has been taking these “travel” photographs since the early 90’s starting with black and white film moving into color and finally digital photography. He uses this optical device first discovered in the 5th century B.C. to fuse the inside with the outside creating literal yet ethereal images. From Times Square to Florence’s Baptistry, Abelardo has traveled the world documenting these camera obscuras.
The camera obscura is created by blocking out all the light in a room and then creating a pinhole (small hole) on one of the sides (that faces the view you want to capture) allowing the view outside to be projected onto the opposite wall, upside down. Why does this happen? Light travels in straight lines and when some rays reflected from a bright object pass through a small opening with a thin surface, instead of dispersing, these rays reconstruct as an upside down image on the flat surface opposite the hole.
Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci used the camera obscura as a drawing tool using it to project views onto the canvas/paper and sketching over them. There is a much disputed debate about whether advances in realism in the art of the early Renaissance occurred due to the aid of optical devices such as the camera obscura (Hockney-Falco thesis).


This 24mm f2.8 pancake lens by Canon is both versatile and effective. Offering a range of aperture from f2.8-f22. It has a STM (Stepping motor) focus that can sometimes has a slight delay when focusing manually making it a tad tedious to catch perfect focus on a subject. This is a ef-s lens and it’s built for aps-c cropped frame Canon dslrs.
In combination with my Canon 550d. The sharpness in image quality is good and on average better than a typical kit lens with a wider focal range. The a sweet spot for aperture I would say is around f8-f11 when used for landscape photography.
Having a wide angle of 24mm makes this lens ideal for landscapes and I think that having a fixed focal length is a good exercise in finding a perfect composition from a limited view finder.
When using filter holders I found it was very handy using multiple ND filters and fitting a polarizing filter as you don’t have the additional weight of a heavy lens when setting up a shot on a tripod.
In summary this lens is a nifty little addition to any kit bag and is ideal for when you need your dslr to be light and handy. The manual focus is slightly fiddly, but you do get better than average results when it comes to image sharpness.
|Focus motor type||STM|
|Lightweight||Delay in focus|
|Good depth of field||Thin focus ring|
|Good for multiple filters|


The rotary dimmer can be used with most types of dimmable LEDs and all incandescent lamps. Due to different technology used in different brands of LEDs, Major Tech can only guarantee compatibility with all of Major Techs dimmable LEDs and all brands of incandescent lamps. The dimmer includes a pilot light to easily find it in the dark. Dimming is controlled by rotating the dimmer knob in a clockwise direction to increase light intensity and in an anticlockwise direction to decrease the light intensity. The dimmer is turned on and off by rotating the knob until a distinct clicking noise is heard at the start of the dimming cycle. The dimmer uses trailing edge technology to limit the stress put on the lamps.
Flame retardant polycarbonate
800W (incandescent) or 400W (LED)


Holon Institute of Technology, Faculty of Sciences
"Cortical Adaptation and Visual Enhancement via Depth of Focus Extension and Tactile Stimulation of the Cornea"
Prof. Zeev Zalevsky, Bar Ilan University
January 08, 2015 | 13:00 | Seminar Room 424/8
My talk will be divided into two parts. In the first I will discuss novel interference based extended depth of-focus concept that we have developed which is matched to cortical adaptation. In the second I will show how special contact lens can be used to transmit visual information via spatial tactile stimulation of the human cornea.
Passive ophthalmic optic devices correct refractive defects of the eye but are not designed to employ neural adaptation processes. Our interference based extended depth of focus technology is implemented on conventional refractive devices, such as spectacles and contact lenses, and its testing is described.
This technology is capable of simultaneously correcting all refractive errors, such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, regular/irregular astigmatism, as well as their combinations. This is achieved by exploiting the capacity of the visual system for adaptation to contrast as well as its capability of creating a coherent continuous visual field out of discrete lines of sight.
In the second part of my talk I propose to mount a camera and after proper image encoding to transmit the visual information to special contact lens that performs tactile stimulation of the cornea and therefore allows "seeing” with the eyes but not via the retinal photo receptors that are connected to the visual cortex but rather through the tactile sensors of the cornea. In a way our technological concept is similar to "Braille” reading that is done not via the finger tips but rather via the tactile sensation of the cornea. This technology can potentially be a non-invasive sensory substitution allowing blind people to perceive images.
The outcome of my study which involves preliminary human trials will for the first time show that the tactile sense of the cornea has spatial discrimination capability and thus can be used to transmit spatial information. Corneal tactile stimulation can thus be potentially considered for use as vision substitute for blind people by teaching them to associate the tactile feeling of the stimulation to real spatial shapes and images.


Bachelor of Technology in Optics and Optoelectronics is a full-time degree course in Physics lasting for a duration of 4 years.
It is a sub-field of Photonics which is a part of Physics where the nature of light with electricity is studied. Optoelectronics involves the study, design, and manufacture of hardware devices that convert electrical signals into photon signals and vice versa.
Candidates seeking admission to Bachelor of Technology in Optics and Optoelectronics should have passed class 12 (10+2) with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics as main subjects. In addition to that, they are also needed to qualify the JEE Main entrance exam. The average course fee is INR 2,50,000, depending on the institute offering the course. Upon completion of the course, successful graduates can expect a starting salary of about INR 4 – 5 lacs per annum.
What is B.Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics about?
Bachelor of Technology in Optics and Optoelectronics is a relatively new and technologically advanced course. As a huge market for optoelectronics is present and evolving in India, numerous companies across the globe hire successful graduates of the discipline. However, there are fewer Indian companies participating in research and production in this area, which is why jobs are mostly available overseas. This course provides tremendous opportunities for growth for successful graduates.
Optoelectronic is the study of science that deals with the designing of devices which emit light in every part of the spectrum; it is applied in various sectors like consumer application, communication and more.
Top Colleges for Bachelor of Technology [B.Tech] (Optics and Optoelectronics)
What is B.Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics Course Highlights Table
|Name of the course||Bachelor of Technology in Optics and Optoelectronics (B. Tech)|
|Course Duration||4 years (8 semesters)|
|Average Fee of the course||INR 2,50,000 p.a|
|Sectors of employment||Corporate, Public, Pvt., Government|
|Average salary in entry-level||INR 3.50 lacs p.a|
|Top entrance exam||JEE Main|
B.Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics: Course Duration
B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics is a 4- year long degree course with optical physics as the main discipline. Candidates passionate about Physics and Mathematics and research therein may pursue it.
Top Institutes Offering B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics
Listed here are some of the top institutes in India that offer B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics. Specified along are the institutes’ locations and the respective fees charged by them.
|Name of Institute||City||Fees in INR|
|Sinhgad Institutes||Pune, Maharashtra||--|
|Aryabhatta Degree College||Tughlakabad, Delhi||40,000|
|Arya Institute of Engineering Technology and Management (AIETM)||Jaipur, Rajasthan||2.8 Lacs|
|Jnana Vikas Institute of Technology||Bidadi, Bangalore||5.4 Lacs|
|University of Kolkata||Kolkata, WB||1 Lacs|
Eligibility for B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics
B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics is an undergraduate qualification of 10+2 cleared from a recognized educational Board of India with a minimum aggregate score of 75% with PCM and English. JEE Main is the State level entrance exam that is required to be cleared for admission.
Admission Process for B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics
Candidates who clear the JEE paper need to fill the admission form of the institute in question. Upon submission of the application forms, candidates are shortlisted on the basis of the score attained in the 10+2 exam. Candidates get admission depending upon the number of seats available.
There are no direct admissions available for B. Tech in Optics & Optoelectronics.
Entrance Exams for B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics
JEE Main is the only entrance exam required to be cleared for admission to B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronic. The form is made available in December and can be filled for INR 500. The paper lasts for a 3- hour duration, and carries 1 negative mark for every incorrect answer.
Career Prospects After B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics
Successful graduates of B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics have the option of going for a Master’s Degree or doctorate- level research. They may also choose to get self-employed in businesses concerning optoelectronics or take up teaching the discipline.
B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics trains students in designing optics- efficient technologies and specializing in areas such as fiber optics and laser technology. Some of the leading job opportunities for successful graduates of B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics are listed here.
|1.||Optical Design Engineer|
|2.||Integrated Signal Processing Researcher|
|3.||Optical Module Test Development Engineer|
|4.||After Sales Service Engineer|
Potential Salary After B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics
The potential job opportunities and corresponding salaries offered to graduates after the successful completion of B. Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics are listed here.
|Product Development and Quality Assurance||0-2 years||4,00,000 - 6,00,000 p.a|
|In- house Tool Maintenance||0-1 years||1,00,000 - 3,00,000 p.a|
|Network Quality Engineer||3- 5 years||3,00,000 – 8,00,000 p.a|
|Service Engineer||2- 5 years||3,25,000 – 6,00,000 p.a|
|Process engineer||3 years||3,50,000 – 5,00,000 p.a|
Top Recruiters for B.Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics
Successful graduates in the discipline also have the option of joining the electronics industry as technicians or engineers and subsequently work in related industries like telecommunication, computer applications of photonics, optical companies, laboratories and more. One can also find jobs in health care and electronic industries. Some of the top recruiting organizations are listed here.
|Research & Development organizations|
|Bhaba Atomic Research Center|
|Nuclear Power Plants|
B.Tech in Optics and Optoelectronics: Syllabus and Course Structure
A detailed study of the syllabus and course structure for B. Tech in Optics & Optoelectronics is given in the table below.
|1.||Review of Semiconductor Device Physics:
|2.||Interaction of photons with electrons and holes in a semiconductor:
|3.||Semiconductor Photon Source:
|4.||Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers & Modulators:
|5.||Semiconductor Photo detectors:


Accurate wavelength calibration of high resolution tunable lasers can be obtained with our inexpensive and easy-to-use molecular absorption cells combined with the appropriate spectral line atlas.
No complicated adjustments are required. Just direct a small part (typically 4%) of the laser beam through the cell and monitor the absorption or the fluorescence signal with an ordinary photodiode. Room temperature is ideal - no heating or cooling of cell is needed.
Region of use: 500-675 nm
Absolute accuracy: + 0.002 cm -1 ( 1 part in 10-7)
Use with CW or pulsed systems.
Use to check alignment of digital wavemeters.
Use to lock laser to fixed wavelength. (see for example H. Fietz et al., Applied Spectroscopy
35, 609, 1981.)
Cell material: Quartz
Cell dimensions: Cylindrical, 25mm X 100mm
Spectral Atlas: S. Gerstenkorn and P. Luc "Atlas du Spectre d' Absorption de la Molecule d' I
Iode (Editions du C.N.R.S., Paris 1978), 550 pages. Illustrated introductions in English and


Processing: We use various image processing techniques to generate highly accurate data on every plant in the field.
Scientific Analysis : We use biological and mathematical modeling to correlate this data to physical plant properties (plant water stress, leaf nitrogen content)
Our cameras take images at multiple wavelengths ranging from the Visible to the Far Infrared light spectrum. We are different in the fact that we take our imagery using multiple cameras. Each Camera captures data from a different part of the light spectrum, ranging from the visible to far-infrared wavelength. Depending on the kind of imagery package you request we can take up to 6 different wavelengths of the light spectrum at once. We then have our systems capture hundreds of images and the individual frames in order to make a seamless mosaic of your field. We then provide best in class resolution of 0.2 – 1 meter per pixel, depending on the crop and application. No drones over our fields. When Ceres Imaging first started, we experimented with drones and found that they could not cover the area that an aircraft could in the same amount of time. Drones are not able to withstand much of a payload capacity which is needed for our camera systems. Also, more personnel would be needed in the field to maintain and move drones from site to site.


Last time we used some eyepiece math and got familiar with terminology associated with eyepieces. In the same way that there are several different designs of telescope optics, the lenses within an eyepiece are arranged in a variety of ways to provide the observer with magnification and a focused field of view to observe. This article will look into the types of eyepieces available to modern observers and the strengths and weaknesses of each design.
Basically, as lens makers got better at making consistent glass with the same curves each time, they realized that adding more lenses generally reduced the aberrations in the eyepiece. Many of the designs I will discuss are named for the person who invented the combinations of lenses which make up these eyepieces.
So, the first eyepiece designs, the Ramsden and Huygenian, only contain two lenses and are very poor eyepieces by modern standards. They have very narrow fields of view, short eye relief and many aberrations. Cheap telescopes often include these inexpensive eyepieces.
The Kellner is the best of the inexpensive eyepieces. This style of lens has been around for many years and it contains one doublet (two lenses together) and one singlet lens for a total of three pieces of glass inside. The Kellner does not have any excellent characteristics, but it also has few real flaws. Kellner eyepieces have decent eye relief, a fair field of view (45 degrees) and little curvature of field.
The Plossl eyepiece is composed of two doublets, which are identical to each other. For this reason, you will also hear it called a symmetrical eyepiece. It is an excellent eyepiece and many observers look no farther than a good set of Plossls. They have a wide field of view (55 degrees), very good eye relief and are well corrected for aberrations. They cost more than Kellners, but they are worth it.
Orthoscopic eyepieces are generally not named for their inventors, Mittenzwey and Abbe, and I think you can see why. The “Orthos” have one outstanding characteristic, the aberrations and distortions in these eyepieces are virtually non-existent. These flat field eyepieces have a fair amount of eye relief and field of view (50 degrees). This design contains a triplet lens with one singlet nearest your eye.
The Erfle eyepiece was invented to provide a wide apparent field of view and they do that (65 degrees). What the Erfle design gives up is some sharpness of the image at the edge of the field of view. Also, if there is a very bright star nearby where you are observing, some ghost images can appear within that wide field. Inside the Erfle is a combination of three doublet lenses.
This is where the eyepiece world stood for many years. Then the advent of computerized lens designs changed the standards for eyepiece manufacturers.
Enter the Nagler and Ultra Wide designs. These computer- designed eyepieces contain either seven or eight lenses, some with curves ground into them which would have been impossible before modern grinding machines were constructed. These designs provide an extremely wide field of view (82 degrees) and very distortion-free fields at those wide angles. They all have two disadvantages: cost and weight. All that glass is going cost more to grind and put together, also, once it is assembled these eyepieces weigh nearly two pounds in long focal lengths.
Along with eyepieces themselves, there is a device which will change the magnification of your system. It is called the Barlow lens. Just slide your eyepiece into the Barlow and put the whole thing into the eyepiece focuser and you have raised the magnification. The good news is that the eye relief of the system is the eye relief of the eyepiece alone. So, for high power it is much easier to use a 10mm eyepiece and a 2X Barlow than it is to use a 5mm eyepiece and its’ short eye relief.
This is a great idea and I have owned a Barlow since my first scope, but there are limits. I find that Barlows which more than double the power are also introducing too many optical aberrations to the viewing system to allow me to believe I am seeing more detail than I saw without the Barlow in place. So, use your Barlow in moderation and purchase a Barlow that magnifies either 1.8X or 2X and it will prove a very useful device.
Now that you have acquired all this knowledge about eyepieces, I’ll bet you are still left with the same question “which ones do I buy?”. That is a tough query, but I will give you my opinion. If you are just getting started, purchase three eyepieces and a Barlow lens in the beginning. Buy one low power, wide field eyepiece which has a focal length between 25mm and 20mm. Get one medium power eyepiece, from 16mm to 12mm. Buy one high power eyepiece, from 9mm to 6mm focal length. Get a Barlow lens with a magnification of either 1.8X or 2X. With those four things you will be prepared to observe a wide variety of what there is to see in the sky.
As time goes by you can fill in as much as your budget will allow. You might choose a really wide field 32mm to 35mm eyepiece. Or maybe something between the medium and the high power. I know that if you are just getting started, you might be thinking about a very high power eyepiece in the range of 4mm focal length. Even though it seems nifty to have a scope that can go to 600X, the number of evenings steady enough to use extreme magnifications is rare. You can make use of very high power occasionally, but not often.
What design of eyepiece to purchase is the subject of much talk while astronomers compare eyepieces and determine how much money they have to spent. If you can afford it, at least start with a medium power Plossl, a high power Orthoscopic, and a wide field Erfle. If you are really in a pinch for money then Kellners will suffice. However, if you go out and observe with other folks who have better eyepieces than yours, it can be an expensive trip. One spectacular view through someone’s brand new pride and joy eyepiece can have you looking through catalogs and checking the limit on your credit card.
I have had a variety of different eyepieces in the 20 years that I have been using telescopes. My first scope was an 8 inch f/6 and it had a 1.25″ focuser, so all my eyepieces where that size. I used three Erfles: 20mm, 16mm and 12mm for medium power viewing. When I first got the scope, I did what I have told you not to do, I ordered it with a 4mm eyepiece and never saw a clear view in it. I was able to trade the 4mm for a 6mm Orthoscopic that became a prized eyepiece for looking at fine detail on the Moon and the planets. Once I added a 2X Barlow, I was set and my eyepiece collection changed little for several years.
When I sold the 8″ to finance a 17.5″ Dobsonian (yes, aperture fever got me too), I decided I needed a 2″ focuser and an eyepiece to fit. Luckily, I found a war surplus 38mm Erfle that only needed some machining to make a sleeve that fit the 2″ focuser. A friend with a lathe made the part and I was in business. Again, my eyepiece collection seemed complete for a while.
In the 80’s the Nagler revolution hit. The first 13mm Nagler eyepieces I used had a problem that was serious for some observers, including me. Some folks see a “kidney bean”, a dark marking withing the field of view, which will not go away regardless how the observer moves their eye or head. I did not view this as a problem, because it prevented me from spending the money for these expensive eyepieces.
However, Meade decided to release its Ultra Wide series and I got a chance to use the 14mm at Riverside. That was the final straw. The wide field of view, generous eye relief and excellent contrast of these eyepieces sold me. I found someone to purchase my old eyepieces and I have recently completed the set of Ultra Wide eyepieces. In the same time, I also used and then bought a 22mm Panoptic eyepiece that is excellent in my 13″ f/5.6 Newtonian. The wide, flat, contrasty field of view of the Panoptic is stunning and it has become one of my favorite eyepieces. Now that I know how good the Panoptic design is, I plan to upgrade my widest-field eyepiece to a 35mm Panoptic. There is one drawback, it is one of the most expensive eyepieces available. Don’t say you weren’t warned.
Once you have purchased the eyepieces which will serve you, make certain they are well cared for. Get some foam padding and cut out cavities to fit the eyepieces and protect them. Be careful when cleaning your eyepieces. Never rub them with any real force, always gently, or you will scratch the coating. Use a squeeze bulb or canned air to blow off any dust before cleaning. I use a cleaning rag I purchased at a camera store which does an excellent job removing greasy fingerprints which inevitably happen.
If you are thoughtful in purchasing good eyepieces and then protecting them from the elements, they will last many years and provide you with spectacular views of the heavens.


Pulsar DFA Digital Night Vision Riflescope Attachment
The digital night vision attachment Forward DFA75 is designed for fast and easy conversion of a day optical sight into a night riflescope. To install the Forward DFA75 onto the front optical bell of a day telescopic sight, specially designed adapters (bought separately) with various diameters with a set of inserts are used.
The adapter is permanently attached to the optical bell of a telescopic sight. This allows the Forward DFA75 attachment to be quickly installed in front of the lens for nighttime shooting. The device uses a highly sensitive CCD array; the image transmitted to the high resolution display OLED is contrasting, crisp and saturated. Thanks to the OLED display (640x480 pixels) the Forward DFA75 can be used within a wide temperature range from -20 °С to +50 °С.
The digital night vision attachment Forward DFA features various image settings: brightnessand contrast level adjustment (from 0 to 20), sensitivity enhancement. It allows the image to be adjusted for specific application.
The main menu of the Forward DFA includes various functions such as: set-up, check and adjustment of the aiming point, “Horizon” adjustment function. Icons on the data panel show operational status of the device (active functions, low battery indicator).
The Forward DFA75 features a video output to conduct video recording to external devices. The output video signal standard can be changed in the main menu (from PAL to NTSC).
The digital night vision attachment Forward DFA75 operates on four rechargeable batteries but can also be powered with an external power supply. Basic control functions (switching on/off the device and the IR Illuminator, activation of “SumLightTM“ (program) can be performed with the help of the included programmable wireless remote control.
When coupled with the Pulsar 10x32 monocular the device can operate as a 10x-power digital night vision device.
The attachment is designed for professional and amateur use: hunting, observation, security, law enforcement.


Images displayed on this site were created by Steven Gough
and Susan Pettigrew of the Digital Imaging Unit of Edinburgh University Library, 2001-2004.
Digital camera back: Phase One PowerPhase
Resolution: 7072 x 7072 pixels
Uninterpolated files (max 143.3 Mb; min 300ppi)
56mm x 56mm frame capture area
42bit internal colour depth, 14 bit per colour precision
Native File format: Uncompressed TIFF
files with Motorola (Mac) or Intel (PC) byte order and header version 6
Capture software: Phase One version
3.1.1 for Power Macintosh
Camera body: Hasselblad 501CM
Lens: Zeiss 80mm (plus 8mm and 16mm
extension tubes for close-up work)
Capture: Power Mac G4 400Mhz/Apple 21
inch Studio Monitor with ColorSync
Post-capture edits: Adobe Photoshop
5.0 - CS
Test charts: Standard Kodak
Q13 colour separation guide (with metric and imperial scales) and grey
scale for reflected work
Lighting: 2 Photon Beard 'Highlight'
studio lights: these are cool running, flicker free, 5,400k balanced fluorescent
lamps, with a variable output of 2 tubes (110W), 4 tubes (220W), or 6
tubes (330W). This high colour rendering index (Ra 98) (2)
light source is designed for digital imaging. The lights
are fitted with Perspex safety screens.
Light levels: Using just 4 tubes per light, the measure
of Lux @ 1m = 10,666 and at 2m = 3,332. Thus at 1m for 15 minutes the
item being imaged would be subject to 2,666 lux-hrs. (By comparison, the
standard museum light level for sensitive works on paper is 50 lux. For
6 weeks display at this level (6-day week, 12-hour day) the object would
be subject to 26,500 lux-hrs per exhibition). Also, the lights are equipped
with reflective barn door units. These are employed to screen the object
from light outside the actual scanning periods, thus reducing light exposure
to an estimated 2,000 lux-hrs.
Heat rise: A preview scan is obtained in circa 15 seconds.
The scan time for a full high resolution (143Mb) image file is typically
5-6 minutes using 4 tubes per light. The rise in temperature at the surface
of the copy table during a typical 15 minute total scanning period using
4 tubes per light at 1m (i.e. 10,666 Lux) at no time exceeds 1.25 degrees
C. Tests on-site show that the temperature at the object point on the
copy table is not more than 1.5 degrees C above the ambient temperature
of the room at any time.
Archival equipment: Studio copy table with
matt black, soft velvet top surface; Clarkson book supports for bound
items (large and medium sets), plus snakes; unbleached pure cotton gloves.
(1) These specifications conform to the Code of Practice
for the Submission of Digital Imagery as defined by the Digital Imaging
Group of the Association of Photographers (November 1999). [Back]
(2) A measure of the colour shift objects undergo when
illuminated by a light source as compared with the colour of those same
objects when illuminated by a reference source (daylight) at the same colour
temperature. The index range is from 0 (max shift) to 100 (no shift). [Back]


PREVIEW CAMERA MONITOR SYSTEMS
Add Object Detection to Your Vision System
Did you know that camera monitor systems are classified as a “passive safety technology“? Passive safety technology requires operator engagement to be successful. This makes sense, right? Your monitor isn’t going to alert you to a person or object in your path. You have to be viewing your monitor to see that person or object.
Combining vision systems with active safety systems, such as object detection radar, provide equipment operators with active alerts (alerts that don’t require their engagement) so they can avoid potential collisions with people or property.
PREVIEW PLUS - CAMERA MONITOR SYSTEM
Plus provides operators with a heavy duty, all-in-one safety system. By
integrating a camera and monitor with Radar Electronics patented radar sensor,
operators have a single solution for active blind spot monitoring. PreView Plus
supports up to 4 cameras and 24 sensors for 360° vehicle coverage.
- All-in-one blind spot detection, active warning & visual clarification
- Connect directly to latest PreView radar sensor(s)
- Color coded indicators overlay on screen to give operator approximate distance information
- Audible alert can be acknowledged by operator with a simple press of a button on the monitor
PREVIEW MONITRO 5 HD
Our heavy-duty 5″ monitor is waterproof and can support up to three cameras. The monitor can switch between all three camera views when turn signals or reverse is engaged.
Our light-duty monitor is best suited for enclosed cab use. Great for on-road fleet vehicles that don’t require a weather resistant outer shell.
Built to withstand the cold and rain so your drivers are never without sight in their blind spots. The PreView HD Cam operates in low light and has a built-in heater to help keep weather conditions at bay.
PREVIEW MINI CAM
With three field of view options – 120°/150°/180° – this compact camera allows for easy 360-degree blind spot coverage with the addition of multiple cameras.
Turn your existing camera monitor system into an active safety system
PreView VideoLink provides the intelligent technology to connect existing camera monitor systems to Radar Electronics radar. Adding radar-based object detection technology to your blind spot reduction system ensures an uncompromising safety solution.


Google introduces help for diabetics – smart contact lenses
Smart technology is becoming a norm. We’ve got smart phones, smart watches, homes, cars and now Google is now adding contact lenses to the list; a device that could be the envy of every diabetic’s eye.
Yes, the creators of Google glasses are now embarking on a new project – the smart contact lens and according to their blog; it’s all in the name of health.
Still in testing phase, the lens is designed to measure glucose levels in tears using a tiny wireless chip and a miniaturised glucose sensor embedded between two layers of soft contact lens material.
The prototypes tested can produce a reading once per second and they are exploring the possibility of an early warning system for the wearer by integrating tiny light emitting diodes (LED) which would light up to indicate glucose thresholds.
The project is still in the early days and there are still discussions with US authorities but the founders of the project, Brian Otis and Babak Parviz, are optimistic that it will lead to a new way for people with diabetes to manage their disease.
Related articles across the web


LED Surgical Lights
Purelit OL9500 is a surgical light with advanced technology, meeting the requirement of high-end users.
- 15 patents obtained
- Received Red Star Design Award 2010
- High-tech Produce Star by Beijing Government in 2013
Features & benefits
It is easy to use with shadowless effect. Its design also minimizes overheating and optimizes airflow for better hygiene.
It has transparent light screen with special coating which allows easier cleaning and sterilization on
all surfaces. Imported spring arm ensures the high product quality.
Its advanced patent focus technology enables clear vision of cavity.
Its white LED light with no colored cast shadows guarantees clear vision of tissues.
It has separately controlled multi-lens matrix electronic circuit to prevent total light malfunctioning, ensuring patient safety.
Its control panel is easy to operate which provides unparalleled experience for surgeons.
It has long LED life expectancy which makes the product more reliable and cost-effective.
Low power consumption and durable LEDs minimize the impact to our environment.
It supports low height ceiling mounting and it is compatible with HD camera.
|Revolving arm||vertical axis 360°|
|Color rendering Index Ra（%）||95%±3%|
|Color rendering Index R9（%）||95%±3%|
|Standard Installation height||3 meters|
|Large light head||160pcs LED, diameter 700mm, 21kg|
|Small light head||80pcs LED, diameter 500mm, 12kg|
All documents about our productPurelit OL9500download here.
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An Essential Eye Care Technology
At See Eye Clinic, we’re committed to using a comprehensive array of tools, techniques and technologies to help you achieve clear vision and manage your eye health.
One of these technologies includes corneal topography, which is essential for helping us examine the health of your cornea and detecting issues that may affect your vision. Corneal topography is a staple of our practice, where we use it for eye exams, contact lens fittings, laser eye surgery consultations and eye disease diagnosis.
Book an appointment at See Eye Clinic today to learn more about your eye health and vision.
What Is Corneal Topography?
Corneal topography is a non-invasive imaging technique that helps our team map out the surface of your cornea and detects issues like:
Why Is Your Cornea Important?
Think of your cornea as the window light has to pass through to reach your retina. If your cornea has an irregular shape or has developed an infection, it can lead to visual errors or even eye discomfort.
To examine your cornea with the corneal topographer, we’ll have you rest your head on the chin rest of the device. While you focus on a fixed object, we can take a highly detailed digital image that maps out your cornea’s size, shape and health.
Get Help with Your Vision & Eye Health Today
If you’re interested in contact lenses or even laser eye surgery, corneal topography is essential for determining your candidacy and detecting issues affecting your vision.


Fujifilm India has launched two new cameras FinePix X100S and FinePix X20 in the country.
Fujifilm FinePix X100S is the successor to FinePix X100, inheriting the X100’s high-performance lens, while adding a higher-definition hybrid viewfinder and a new sensor as well as image processor. The newly developed 16.3-megapixel APS-C X-Trans CMOS II sensor and EXR Processor II increase resolution by approximately 25% and reduce noise by more than 30%, as per company’s own estimates.
The highlight of the FinePix X100S is the AF in as little as 0.08 seconds. Additionally, the EXR Processor II offers fast response times with a start-up time of only approximately 0.5 seconds, a shooting interval of 0.5 seconds, and a shutter time lag of only 0.01 seconds.
Fujifilm FinePix X100S comes with a Hybrid Viewfinder that combines both an optical and an electronic Viewfinder. Making use of the in-built phase detection pixels for AF action, the X100S offers a “Digital Split Image” feature, which displays dual images on the left and right to be lined up for manual focusing. This enables accurate focusing especially when working with an open aperture or macro shooting.
The Fujifilm FinePix X100S comes with a Fujinon 23mm F2 lens and is priced at Rs 74,999.
Fujifilm also unveiled FinePix X20, successor to the popular FinePix X10. It comes with the newly-developed 12-megapixel 2/3-inch X-Trans CMOS II sensor and EXR Processor II, which increase resolution by approximately 20% and reduce noise by more than 30%. The X20 boasts of just 0.06 seconds AF, and is as fast as the X100 in the rest of the specs.
Fujifilm FinePix X20 comes with a F2.0-2.8 4x manual barrel zoom lens and is priced at Rs. 39,999.
Fujifilm had originally showcased the FinePix X100S and FinePix X20 at CES in Las Vegas, alongside its other recent launches the FinePix SL1000 and FinePix HS50EXR.


OLED ﾘﾌﾚｸﾀ で検索した結果 1〜10件目 / 約2,550,000件 - 0.46秒
- Antireflective circular polarizers in OLED display - Lumerical Support
For simplicity, the multi-layer OLED structure is represented by a metallic reflector. The light incident on the linear polarizer become 30 o linearly-polarized ...https://support.lumerical.com > en-us > articles > 5845...
- Metasurface-driven OLED displays beyond 10,000 pixels per inch
Joo et al. developed a full-color, high-brightness OLED design based on an engineered metasurface as a tunable back-reflector. An ultrahigh density of ...https://www.science.org > doi > abs > science.abc8530
- LED Curing for OLED Encapsulation - Phoseon Technology
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) devices are becoming widely desirable and have been ... The solution included a customized reflector to achieve more.https://phoseon.com > Phoseon-App-Note_OLED-Encapsulation-Curing
- LG CX 65 inch Class 4K Smart OLED TV w/ AI ThinQ® (64.5" Diag)
Why LG OLED? Only OLED TVs use over 8.3 million pixels that emit their own light and turn completely off, creating a stunning picture that allows you to see ...https://www.lg.com > ... > TV/Video > TVs > OLED TVs
- High-color-purity UV OLED has asymmetric microcavity design
-An asymmetric structural design with a tailored distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure gives a UV OLED a narrow bandwidth of 9.95 to ...https://www.laserfocusworld.com > article > highcolorp...
- OLED Display Materials - DuPont
In turn, as demand for OLED display panels increases, more panel suppliers are focusing on OLED displays. For this market movement to continue, developers need ...https://www.dupont.com > oled-display-materials
- LCD and OLED - Rain Technology
... manufacturable functionalities and performance to LCD and OLED. ... Our switchable off-axis reflector allows us to control both transmitted luminance ...https://www.raintechnology.com > lcd-and-oled
- QLED vs OLED | Difference between QLED TV and OLED TV
backlight panel, reflector, polarising filter, TFT array, colour filter glass, quantum dots colour filter and polarising filter. • Backlight panel: It ...https://www.rfwireless-world.com > QLED-vs-OLED
- Flexible top-emitting organic light emitting diodes with a functional ...
-We demonstrated top-emitting OLEDs with a highly reflective distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) using a metal foil substrate.https://pubs.rsc.org > content > articlehtml
- OLED vs LCD: Smartphone Display Teardown and Comparison
-Apple produced its first smartphone with an OLED display joining Samsung, Google, and LG in ...https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZ_hSMivZDY
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Finest Optics For AK47
Trying to improve your capturing experience with your AK47? Take a look at locating the best optics for your personal gun. The correct optics can significantly increase your accuracy, focus on investment, and efficiency on the variety or in the area. But considering the variety of options available, it might be mind-boggling to find the excellent optics for your personal AK47. That’s where we are available in. With this information, we shall explore the top optics for AK47s, taking into consideration variables including clearness, toughness, and convenience. Whether or not you’re a seasoned shooter or just starting, we’ll be useful for finding the optic that fits your specific requirements and price range. So get able to take your AK47 one stage further and open its whole possible with all the greatest optics on the market.
Significance of Optics in AK47 Capturing
When it comes to shooting your AK47, having the right optics could make a huge difference. Optics supply you with a very clear and specific eyesight image, helping you to get focuses on faster plus more accurately. Additionally, they improve your capability to capture at longer distances, providing you with a position both in seeking and strategic conditions. Using the right optics, you are able to take full advantage of the chance of your AK47 and acquire your capturing capabilities to another level.
One of many main benefits of using optics on the AK47 is improved precision. Metal scenery can be tough to use, especially in reduced-gentle situations or when capturing at longer ranges. Optics, on the other hand, give a clear and vibrant eyesight snapshot, making it easier to align your chance thus hitting your target consistently. Whether you’re a competing shooter or possibly a hunter, having optics on your own AK47 can greatly enhance your reliability and raise the likelihood of good results.
Another vital element of employing optics on your AK47 is objective purchase. Having a reddish colored dot sight or reflex sight, it is possible to quickly and effortlessly obtain goals, specifically in speedy-paced or near-quarters circumstances. The illuminated reticle lets you maintain both view available, providing you with a broader area of look at and increased situational understanding. This could be particularly useful in personal-protection conditions or when fascinating multiple concentrates on. Optics allow you to react faster and engage focuses on better, supplying you with an important advantages in any shooting condition.
As well as reliability and focus on acquisition, optics also play a crucial role within the efficiency of your AK47. The right optics can improve your taking pictures velocity, decrease eye pressure, and increase your taking pictures experience. With functions like adjustable lumination adjustments, nice eyes relief, and tough building, optics for AK47s are designed to withstand the recoil and unpleasant problems that are included with capturing a strong gun. By using great-quality optics, you can ensure your AK47 executes at its finest so you get the best from your snapping shots periods.
Considerations When Selecting Optics for AK47
With regards to deciding on optics for the AK47, there are various considerations. These factors can help you narrow down the options and locate the optic that matches your requirements and personal preferences. Here are some important aspects to remember:
- Purpose: Think about how you program to use your AK47. Are you presently primarily a target shooter, a hunter, or somebody that demands a versatile optic for a number of shooting situations? Various optics excel in distinct software, so it’s vital to select one that aligns together with your capturing objectives.
- Clarity and Reticle: Search for optics with crystal clear and clean cup that provides a sharp eyesight snapshot. The reticle needs to be easy to understand and make use of, regardless of whether it’s a normal crosshair, a reddish dot, or even a holographic view. Consider the dimension and style of the reticle that works the best for your snapping shots type.
- Durability: AK47s provide ruggedness, which means that your optics should be equally resilient. Search for optics that happen to be shockproof, waterproof, and resistant to fogging. They should be able to withstand the recoil of the gun and handle hard dealing with from the field.
- Magnification: Make a decision no matter if you will need a magnified optic or possibly a non-magnified a single. Magnified optics are fantastic for extended-range snapping shots, when non-magnified optics like red-colored dot scenery and reflex places succeed in shut-quarters battle and fast target purchase.
- Mounting Possibilities: Consider the mounting possibilities for that optics you are looking at. AK47s typically make use of a side rail or a Picatinny rail method for installing extras. Ensure that the optic you select works with your rifle’s installing process.
By contemplating these factors, you can narrow down the options and locate an optic that suits your unique shooting needs and tastes.
Top Optics Brands for AK47
In terms of optics for AK47s, some brand names established themselves as leaders in the business. These brand names are known for their high quality, durability, and gratifaction. Let’s look into some of the top optics companies for AK47:
- Aimpoint: Aimpoint is actually a recognized company that are experts in red dot scenery. Their optics are known for their exceptional battery lifespan, ruggedness, and dependability. Aimpoint reddish colored dot scenery are traditionally used by army and law enforcement staff around the globe.
- EOTech: EOTech is an additional top company that gives holographic sights for AK47s. EOTech optics provide large and very clear reticles, quickly goal investment, and sturdiness. These are well-liked by shooters who call for fast proposal of focuses on.
- Vortex Optics: Vortex Optics delivers a variety of optics for a variety of capturing software, which include AK47s. Their optics are known for their outstanding good value, crystal clear window, and sturdy design. Vortex Optics can be a preferred choice among spending budget-sensitive shooters who don’t wish to compromise on top quality.
- Trijicon: Trijicon is actually a reliable manufacturer that companies both magnified scopes and reflex places for AK47s. Their optics provide top quality, lumination, and ruggedness. Trijicon optics are frequently liked by law enforcement officials and military services personnel.
These are just several instances of top rated optics brands for AK47s. Every single manufacturer does have its exclusive functions and strengths, so it’s essential to analysis and evaluate different models to find the one that best fits your taking pictures requires.
Red-colored Dot Points of interest for AK47
Red dot places certainly are a preferred option for AK47s because of their simplicity, pace, and convenience. These optics provide a very clear reddish colored dot reticle that is certainly superimposed on the focus on, allowing for quick and accurate Where are Sig Sauer guns created? – Blue Water Wells Limited goal investment. Here are several top rated red dot points of interest for AK47s:
- Aimpoint PRO (Patrol Rifle Optic): The Aimpoint PRO can be a highly regarded red-colored dot eyesight that offers a 2 MOA red dot reticle. It comes with a extended battery lifespan as high as 30,000 hours, a strong building, and excellent lucidity. The PRO is for professional use and is renowned for its dependability and durability.
- EOTech XPS2: The EOTech XPS2 is actually a lightweight holographic view which offers a precise and large 1 MOA red-colored dot reticle. It offers endless eye alleviation, speedy focus on acquisition, along with a long lasting building. The XPS2 is popular with shooters who demand speedy proposal of focuses on in near-quarters situations.
- Vortex Crossfire Red-colored Dot Vision: The Vortex Crossfire is surely an reasonably priced reddish dot eyesight that offers a 2 MOA red-colored dot reticle. It possesses a very long battery life, a durable development, as well as a very clear sight photo. The Crossfire is a wonderful access-stage choice for shooters on a tight budget.
These are just several samples of red-colored dot points of interest for AK47s. Each and every optic has its own unique characteristics and advantages, so it’s vital to look at your shooting needs and preferences when choosing the right red-colored dot view for the AK47.
Magnified Scopes for AK47
If you’re seeking to take part concentrates on at longer distance, a magnified scope might be a activity-changer for your personal AK47. Magnified scopes supply elevated magnification, enabling you to see goals a lot more clearly making exact pictures. Here are some best magnified scopes for AK47s:
- Trijicon ACOG (Advanced Combat Visual Gunsight): The Trijicon ACOG is really a battle-established magnified scale that provides a fixed magnification and a tough construction. It provides a variety-locating reticle as well as a vibrant lit chevron for fast target purchase. The ACOG is traditionally used by military services workers and is renowned for its longevity and reliability.
- Vortex Viper PST (Preciseness Taking pictures Tactical): The Vortex Viper PST is really a flexible magnified scope that gives adjustable magnification and a very clear sight snapshot. It possesses a glass-imprinted reticle, changeable turrets, as well as a robust development. The Viper PST is popular with accuracy and precision shooters who call for a great-high quality scale for very long-collection engagements.
- Nikon ProStaff P3 : The Nikon ProStaff P3 is definitely an reasonably priced magnified scale that gives a varied magnification collection as well as a bright vision snapshot. It comes with a BDC (Bullet Decrease Settlement) reticle, large eyes reduction, along with a resilient development. The ProStaff P3 is a wonderful selection for shooters with limited funds who still desire a reputable and precise extent.
These are merely a few samples of magnified scopes for AK47s. Depending on your snapping shots demands and tastes, you may pick a scale having a fixed magnification or a adjustable magnification to match your specific requirements.
Reflex Places for AK47
Reflex scenery are another popular choice for AK47s, supplying a mix of pace and precision. These scenery give a clear reticle which is forecasted onto a lens, enabling rapid objective acquisition and both-eyeballs-open capturing. Below are a few top reflex points of interest for AK47s:
- Holosun HS510C: The Holosun HS510C is a flexible reflex eyesight that provides a big and very clear reticle. It features solar technology technological innovation, several reticle choices, along with a long lasting construction. The HS510C is renowned for its long battery and trustworthiness.
- Trijicon RMR (Ruggedized Miniature Reflex): The Trijicon RMR is actually a lightweight reflex sight that provides a little but vibrant reticle. It possesses a tough construction, adjustable lighting adjustments, and a broad field of see. The RMR is liked by shooters who need a portable and light-weight optic for their AK47.
- Vortex Venom: The Vortex Venom is actually a spending budget-pleasant reflex sight that gives a vibrant and obvious reticle. It features a leading-packing electric battery compartment, adjustable lighting options, along with a resilient development. The Venom is a great choice for shooters on a budget who still need a reliable and exact reflex view.
These are merely several examples of reflex sights for AK47s. Every single optic does have its distinctive functions and positive aspects, so it’s essential to think about your snapping shots type and personal preferences when selecting the best reflex view for your AK47.
Strategies for Mounting Optics on AK47
Installation optics by using an AK47 calls for some concern because of the rifle’s style and also the available installing alternatives. Follow this advice that will help you attach your optics securely and effectively:
- Pick the best Mount: AK47s typically work with a aspect rail or even a Picatinny rail system for mounting components. Ensure that the position you choose works with your rifle’s rail process. Select a install that provides a secure and repeatable attachment.
- Properly Line-up the Optic: When mounting your optic, guarantee that it is properly aligned together with the bore in the rifle. This will assist be sure that your shots are saved to focus on and you get the most from your optic’s performance.
- Use Loctite: To stop your optic from approaching reduce on account of recoil, consider utilizing a thread locker like Loctite about the installation screws. This will help protected the anchoring screws set up which will help prevent any activity during snapping shots.
- Check out Appropriate Vision Alleviation: When installation your optic, make sure that you get the suitable eyes alleviation. This is the distance involving the eye along with the optic’s lenses. Having the correct eye comfort will help you maintain a very clear view image and avoid any irritation or eyes tension.
By simply following the following tips, you are able to make sure that your optics are securely attached to your AK47, enabling you to capture with confidence and accuracy and precision.
Very best Optics for too long-Range Taking pictures with AK47
If you’re seeking to participate targets at extended distances with your AK47, a magnified scale is the best choice. On this page are the greatest optics for very long-collection shooting with AK47s:
- Trijicon ACOG (Sophisticated Overcome Eye Gunsight): The Trijicon ACOG is really a combat-proven magnified range which offers a set magnification as well as a collection-getting reticle. It offers exceptional lucidity, a vibrant lit up chevron, and a durable construction. The ACOG is trustworthy by military employees and is renowned for its reliability and bullet decline payment.
- Vortex Viper PST (Precision Shooting Tactical): The Vortex Viper PST can be a high-high quality magnified extent that offers changeable magnification as well as a clear view photo. It provides a cup-etched reticle, variable turrets, plus a tough development. The Viper PST is liked by precision shooters who call for a extent that will persistently provide exact shots at extended distances.
- Leupold VX-3i: The Leupold VX-3i is really a premium magnified scale that gives excellent optical efficiency plus a wide magnification variety. It possesses a Twilight Max Gentle Control Program for increased low-light visibility, a accurate windage and elevation adjustment, plus a long lasting construction. The VX-3i can be a leading choice for shooters who need the most effective in eye high quality and long-variety accuracy.
These optics are made to offer outstanding lucidity, exact adjustments, and dependable performance at lengthy distances. By using one of these optics, you are able to increase the very long-range capabilities of your respective AK47 and consider your snapping shots capabilities to new height.
Very best Optics for Near-Quarters Battle with AK47
If you’re primarily with your AK47 for shut-quarters combat or fast objective investment, a non-magnified optic like a reddish colored dot vision or even a reflex eyesight is the ideal solution. On this page are among the best optics for shut-quarters fight with AK47s:
- Aimpoint PRO (Patrol Rifle Optic): The Aimpoint PRO can be a highly


Rokinon 10mm F2.8 ED AS NCS CS Ultra Wide Angle Lens Canon EF-S Type for Canon Digital SLR Cameras (10M-C)
상품 주요 정보
Nano Crystal coating system (n's) for increased light transmission and reduced internal Reflections
Maximum diameter: 3. 43 inches (87mm). fast F28 maximum aperture close-focusing to 95 inches = maximum versatility in all shooting conditions
Optimized for excellent optical quality and true ultra-wide 106 Degree edge to edge coverage with Canon APS-C sensor digital cameras
Utilizes 3 high precision (2 aspherical 1 ED) Lens elements for superior image quality
Inner focusing system (if) length doesn't change and front element does not rotate keeps integrated petal-type lens hood properly oriented
Rokinon's 10mm F2.8 Ultra Wide Angle Lens is the newest addition to its highly regarded assortment of prime, fixed mount, wide angle lenses. Specifically designed for APS-C cameras, it utilizes a Nano Crystal Anti-Reflection Coating System, Aspherical Lens Elements and Extra Low Dispersion Glass to provide a high performance frame filling ultra wide view equivalent to a 15mm lens (16mm for Canon APS-C DSLR’s) on a full frame camera. The 106 degree angle of view with its fast f/2.8 aperture provides the performance required by architectural and landscape photographers to capture dramatic perspectives while its extreme depth of field and 9.5” (.24m) close focus capability allow commercial photographers and journalists working in tight spaces to get that needed shot. For full frame Canon cameras, see Rokinon's Canon EF Type 14mm F2.8 lens. Minimum focusing distance: 9.45 inch
ULTRA WIDE ANGLE
The Rokinon 10mm f/2.8 ED AS NCS CS Lens is a prime, manual focus wide-angle lens designed specifically for use with APS-C sized image sensors.
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ULTRA WIDE ANGLE
Providing a 35mm-equivalent focal length of 16mm and a broad 105.9° angle of view, this lens is ideally suited for interior, architectural, and landscape photography applications.
조리개 범위 F2.8 - F22
조리개 날 6
코팅 울트라 멀티 코팅
최소 초점 거리 0.24m(9.45인치)
렌즈 후드 내장 꽃잎 모양
최대 직경 87mm(3.43인치)
필터 크기 해당 사항 없음
광학 구조 9개 그룹의 14개 요소
특수 요소 2개의 ASP, 1개의 ED
화각 Canon APS-C: 105.9° / APS-C: 109.5° / 4/3: 93.4°"


They are manufactured by our own imported machines. Our 1300-square-meter factory can output 15KK LEDs and 70K LED lighting monthly, that guarantee we can handle your large orders in a short period of time. The LED chips used are well-know brand to ensure quality, and we have various types of SMDs for your selection, such as SMD335, SMD3014, SMD3020, SMD3528, SMD5050, SMD5630 etc., which are widely used for led display, led background lighting, led tubes, led strips, led panels and much more we can illustrated.
LED Tube light
We can provide different length of LED tube: 0.6 / 0.9 / 1.2 / 1.5 / 1.8 / 2.4m,the size of LED Tube have T5/T8/T10 etc. LED tube light 8W to 36W for option,
Patent pending design.
Flexible LED Strips
According to LED lighting source, flexible LED stripes include SMD 3528 LED stripe lights; SMD 5050 LED strip lights; SMD 335 LED strip lights According to the IP ratio, flexible LED strips include Waterproof led stripes and non-waterproof led strips This product is very flexible in using field. It can be stick at any corner or surface of the objects, very convenient. The flexible led strip light is a kind of low-voltage product, 12V LED stripe and 24V LED strip are available, which can be widely used over the world and it is a good background decorative light products.
CREE LED Spotlight
We have put these LED spotlights into mass production: XRE series and XP series. The socket bases of E27 LED Spotlight, GU10 LED Spot light, MR16 LED Spot light are available. 1X3W, 3X1W,3X2W.PAR20,PAR30.PAR38 are most popular items for high power led spotlight.
LED Ball Bulbs
In our quantity production of LED Bulbs, the bases of LED Bulbs Base can be E27, B22, E14, and there are respectively 4W led bulb , 5W led bulb , 6W led bulb , 7W led bulb light and 9W led PAR30 bulb, 12W led PAR38 lamp, high power led bulbs for choosing.
LED Grow Lights
More information is coming later. Please check frequently.


Eye Surgical procedure has come to be a mainstream method of vision modification, and also this article will describe the benefits and also drawbacks of three different approaches being offered to the medical consumer.
Lasik Eye Surgery
LASIK is the acronym for Laser-Assisted Sitting Keratomileusis as well as is an eye medical system which completely deals with vision by getting rid of a slim layer of the cornea. This procedure works best on clients with moderate to high degrees of myopia (nearsightedness), low to modest levels of hyperopia (farsightedness) and also astigmatism associated with myopia, and that have thick corneas. It is the most popular medical vision improvement method.
People with normal eye view see things plainly due to the fact that photos are brought right into a proper prime focus by the cornea and also lens of the eye. Preferably, the cornea's curvature is uniformly matched to its length in a normal eye. Individuals with astigmatism, nearsightedness or hyperopia have off-and-on formed corneas, so the items seen are not focused properly. LASIK adjustments corneal shape by precise elimination of corneal tissue, and by doing so deals with the eyes' concentrating power.
There are, nevertheless, risks to LASIK eye surgical procedure.
There is a remote possibility of complete loss of vision. If this takes place, it is typically because the person had a pre-existing condition which needs to have prevented the surgery to begin with, such as pregnancy, cataracts, joint inflammation, diabetes, glaucoma, or lupus. Individuals with large students are additionally bad candidates for LASIK. Dry eye disorder will be exacerbated by this procedure.
A couple of clients whine that they completely see "ghost" images, have obscured vision, decreased comparison and also poor evening vision. When LASIK wased initially introduced, 5% of individuals had post-operative complaints; nevertheless, refinements in the procedure have actually caused this rate to drop to much less than 1% if LASIK is done by experienced professionals as well as patients are properly screened prior to surgical treatment. If issues do occur, they could frequently be resoved by a retreatment.
FDA has authorized LASIK laser eye surgical treatment considering that 1998. While there are a lot of pleased clients, there are nevertheless no long term studies regarding its effects. Realize the constraints as well as the threats of LASIK eye surgery prior to you sigh up for the procedure.
Though less well known, these tiny implants could boost vision in people with light to modest myopia without the threat of irreversible eye damage integral in the tissue removal technique of LASIK. Intacs are semi-circular disks implanted in the cornea which extend it to assume a flatter shape. Though a little less exact than LASIK, they are removeable and exchangeable, so if the person has an unanticipated over- or under-correction, the implant could be gotten rid of and an additional of a different size put to acquire the wanted modification. The implants are located beside the cornea, so the main visual location is completely intact and intact, and the toughness of the cornea is undiminished, making it a better option for pilots and also those that engage in call sports where eye injury is a possibility.
Intacs disagree for serious nearsightedness and also greater than small astigmatism (1.00 diopters), as the cornea could only be our website stretched so far. If the Intacs are eliminated, vision returns to its preoperative level. Besides vision modification, Intacs are likewise used to deal with keratoconus.
Intacs are FDA approved and 10 year studies have actually disclosed no significant problems with Intacs as well as very few individual complaints; however, because the treatment takes more training than LASIK, there are fewer eye surgical treatment clinics using it. However, the Intacs website offers a checklist of practitioners in each state, too a couple of in Canada, Europe and also Mexico.
Because many individuals do not wish to take the chance of LASIK and also Intacs can not assist those with extreme vision issues, intraocular lens implants (IOL) are a brand-new option approved by the FDA in 2004 to correct moderate to serious nearsightedness. The Craftsmen lens, made by Ophtec, resembles the kind of lens implant utilized to restore vision following cataract eye surgical treatment.
The new IOL, called the Artisan, is planned for only patients that have 2.5 diopters or much less of astigmatism.
The man-made lens does not change the all-natural lens, yet is put before it. The major trouble discovered with the dental implant was the stable loss of endothelial cells in the corneas of patients who received the implants. The endothelium is a layer of cells that line the undersurface of the cornea and also are essential in maintaining the cornea clear. A three-year study showed a consistent steady loss of endothelial cells of 1.8 percent a year. At this moment, no one could anticipate whether this loss will proceed at the exact same rate indefinitely, or even its influence on corneal feature.
To decrease long-term impacts of the tool on the corneal endothelium, the FDA is calling for that the new lenses be identified to define that they ought to only be implanted in individuals whose corneal endothelial cells are thick enough to hold up against minor cell loss.
Much more major problems were couple of: retinal detachment (0.6%), cataract growth (0.6%), as well as corneal swelling (0.4%). The FDA is needing Ophtec to conduct a five-year follow-up study of its dental implant patients my website to much better analyze the post-surgical incidence of cataract development, retinal detachment and other ophthalmic conditions.
The Artisan lens is meant to be a permanent implant.Though it can be gotten rid of operatively, vision may not always return to just what it was prior to getting the lens. Because it does not affect astigmatism, clients with this trouble could still need glasses.


George E Hill talks about Newman & Sinclair, a manufacturer of film cameras whose first models appeared in 1927.
The first model was developed by Arthur Samuel Newman who produced the first camera body from Duralumin, a temperature-resistant, light metal. The first model with a 35-mm objective was user-powered by a removable mechanism. Later models were battery powered. The Newman & Sinclair cameras allowed frame rates between 10 and 24 frames per second.
The camera was considered easily handled, due to its relative light weight, and robustness, and for this reason it was considered an optimal camera for news reporting and documentary filming.
Well known documentary film makers such as Robert J. Flaherty, Humphrey Jennings, Damien Parer, and Basil Wright used this camera.


The explanation of topic:
The convergence of radio and optical access networks on a physical layer is leading to a brand new technological field called micro-wave photonics. It will bring new functionalities into asses networks that will enable higher bandwidths and lower latencies. Using integrated micro-wave photonics in optically supported wireless networks can provide solutions that are especially suitable for a high-capacity radio system based on micro-wave and millimeter-wave frequency bands. Current micro-wave photonics communication systems are based on optical fiber and discrete components, which limits high-volume applications. By incorporating these discrete sub-systems into photonic integrated circuits, the integrated micro-wave photonics technology is offering cost and energy efficiency based on a decrease in the size and complexity of the base-stations’ front-end. Besides increasing the capacity integrated micro-wave photonics will enable the flexibility and scalability of 5G mobile and wireless communication networks as well as introducing low latency.
Each paper will be peer reviewed.
Papers presented on this special session will be published in FOAN2019 proceeding and be consider to publish in the journal Fiber and Integrated Optics.
Proceeding of FOAN will be sent to IEEE explore
B. Batagelj, et al., “Convergence of fixed and mobile networks by radio over fibre technology“ Informacije MIDEM, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2011, pp. 144-149, http://www.midem-drustvo.si/Journal%20
B. Batagelj, et al., “Research Challenges in Optical Communications Towards 2020 and Beyond“ Informacije MIDEM, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 177-184,


UNCALIBRATED STEREO HAND-EYE COORDINATION
Nicholas Hollinghurst and Roberto Cipolla
This paper describes a system that combines stereo vision with a 5-DOF robotic manipulator, to enable it to locate and reach for objects by sight.
Our system uses an `Affine Stereo' algorithm, a simple but very robust approximation to the geometry of stereo vision, to estimate positions, shapes and surface orientations. It can be calibrated very easily by observing just four reference points. These are defined by the robot itself, moving the gripper to four known positions (self-calibration).
The inevitable small errors are corrected by a feedback mechanism which implements image-based control of the gripper's position and orientation. Integral to this feedback mechanism is the use of affine active contour models which track the real-time motion of the gripper across the two images. Experiments show the system to be remarkably immune to unexpected translations and rotations of the cameras and changes of focal length - even after it has `calibrated' itself.
A future goal is to use the affine stereo formulation to implement shape-based grasp planning, enabling the robot to pick up a wide range of unidentified objects left in its workspace. At present it can only pick up simple wooden blocks and tracks a single planar contour on its `target object'.
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It is proved that UV rays and other harmful radiations in the sunlight can cause serious vision problems if people do not take proper measures while going outdoors. Therefore, it is needed to wear sunglasses for better vision safety.
The reason why sunglasses can play nice role in blocking harmful rays is firmly linked to their powerful functionality. A pair of qualified sunglasses can really do a good job in UV blocking. But there is still some difference among different types. For example, sunglasses mainly used for cosmetic purposes will do a relatively worse job; those professional sunglass wear can do an ideal job- almost 99% or more UV rays can be blocked. In other words, sunglasses for different purposes vary a lot in functionality- in terms of blocking harmful radiations.
Not long ago, people have to pay a lot of money for UV blocking, for these sunglasses are relatively expensive. However, everything changes as technique on UV blocking become common. In other words, today’s sunglasses are almost qualified in vision protection.
In particular, today’s sunglasses can block UVB rays effectively- UVB is the most harmful radiation in the sunlight. Or blue light can also be well filtered by these sunglasses. Therefore, many UV and Blue light-related vision problems can be avoided by wearing qualified sunglass wear.
In the market are now sunglasses made from different manufacturers and designed by different fashion houses. The price varies a lot among different brands, but with similar functionality in blocking harmful rays. That means price does not equal vision safety.
In addition, Lenses are some of the most important parts on sunglasses, and they can also be designed in different colors and styles. On the whole, different lenses can offer different feeling of wearing, but vary a lot in functionality. For example, polarized lenses can offer wearers much greater vision safety in blocking glares.
If you want to know more about sunglasses, then feel free to visit http://blog.firmoo.com/sunglasses
Firmoo.com is the fastest growing online community selling affordable yet high quality prescription eyeglasses, discount prescription eyeglasses and other eyewear. Firmoo’s return and refund policy makes your purchase with Firmoo risk-free. Be sure to get your cheap eyeglasses online ready.


Late in 2012 I wrote a short op ed. blog piece about the pending release of Canon’s new 200-400mm F4L IS lens with inbuilt 1.4 teleconverter. At the time of my post there were only a few prototypes of this lens in existence and they were all at the London Olympics (I was somewhere between Paris and Chamonix at the time) for testing by a lucky few sports photographers. Initial feedback on the grapevine from those fortunate few was that this lens (even in prototype form) was an oustanding performer and lived up to Canon’s claims of Unsurpassed combination of versatility, first-class optical performance and an enhanced weather-proof construction.
Fast forward to today and I recently finished (in February this year) three days shooting with the new Canon 200-400mm F4L IS lens (in prototype form). To my knowledge this is the first online pre-production review of this lens anywhere in the world. During the test I was fortunate to also have on hand the Nikon 200-400 equivalent and a D800E for comparison and this may also be the first time these lenses have been used side by side. In terms of size the two lenses are almost identical although the Canon is wider in girth and does feel lighter than the Nikon. Once a 1.4 teleconverter is added the Nikon does become a longer lens than the Canon.The Nikon design is now more than a decade old and does not include an inbuilt 1.4 teleconverter although it has had some optical and vibration reduction upgrades over the years. For those looking for a direct comparison of these lenses in terms of image quality I am sorry but you are going to have to look elsewhere. It is just too hard to account for differences in lenses when they are shot on different mega pixel cameras. What I can say is that after shooting side by side with the Canon and Nikon for three days is that both are excellent lenses and that the end result has as much to do with the camera and photographer as the lens itself. Shooting dressage with the 1DX and Canon 200-400 I was able to capture images that the D800E simply could not because its frame rate is literally half that of the 1DX. Twelve frames a second makes a difference when you are photographing a charging horse or wildlife on the move. In terms of autofocus it is again to hard to account for any differences between the lenses as so much depends on the camera and the photographer so we confined ourselves to simply comparing the physical attributes of the lenses. What was universally agreed however is that having an inbuilt 1.4 teleconverter is a significant advantage. The teleconverter can be activated in less than a second in the Canon where as it takes at least ten seconds to take the lens off the Nikon and install a converter. This difference is huge and is not to be underestimated when it comes to wildlife and sports photography. The Canon can continue shooting and tracking the subject whilst the converter is slide into place. The Nikon requires taking the camera away from the eye to fit the converter and then reframing the subject and reacquiring focus. This time delay can be the difference between getting the shot and missing the shot. Included below is a short video with my thoughts and impressions on this new and very impressive lens from Canon.I know the Canon lens looks quite a lot bigger than the Nikon in this photograph however that is a function of the lens and camera used to take this photograph. The Canon is also closer to the camera and thus appears larger in the frame.
The Canon 200-400mm F4L IS is only the second lens from Canon to ever employ an inbuilt 1.4 teleconverter that could be optionally switched on or off with the flick of a switch. The first lens to do so was the extremely rare Canon FD 1200mm f/5.6 L Lens (picture on PBase.com). I have personally never seen one of these lenses in the flesh although I have briefly shot with its replacement, the discontinued and ultra expensive EF 1200mm f/5.6 L USM Lens; which did not have an inbuilt teleconverter.
The teleconverter in the Canon 200-400mm F4 L IS lens offers a magnification factor of 1.4x the lens focal length. This turns the Canon 200-400mm lens into a 280mm – 560mm lens with the flick of a switch. The switch can be locked to prevent accidental operation. After three days of shooting with the lens I never felt the need to use the lock switch as the teleconverter switch does require a fairly dedicated press to move into position.
I need to put a caveat on my comments about image quality as the lens I tested from Canon was a prototype and not a finished production model. Whilst I do not expect there to be any significant optical differences between the unit I tested and finished samples it is important to clarify that my comments relate strictly to the prototype and not finished production units (which are currently unavailable).
Getting right down to brass tacks the image quality of Canon’s new 200-400mm F4L IS lens is superb. My own testing shows it to be fully the equal of Canon’s mighty 300mm F2.8L IS lens both in the centre and in the corners. This is phenomenal performance in a zoom lens and goes to show how much development and engineering work has gone into the design of this new optic. During the three days I was able to shoot with the lens I shot over a thousand frames at a local open range zoo not far from my house and at a dressage training event. I also spent a good deal of time shooting test charts so that I could make direct comparisons against the 300mm F2.8L IS. I tested the lens at varying focal lengths both with and without the 1.4 teleconverter in place and have found it to offer superb image quality regardless of focal length. It is necessary to go 300% magnification in Adobe Lightroom to see any difference between a file shot with the 300mm F2.8L IS and the 200-400 F4L IS. The most noticeable difference at 300% is the significant lack of chromatic aberration in the 200-400 lens. Any resolution differences are a quibble and it could be argued that the 200-400mm lens actually has better contrast. This confirms what I have heard from other photographers who tested this lens at both the London Olympics and the Australian Open tennis early this year and have claimed it is as good as Canon’s 400mm F2.8L IS lens.
Image Quality with Teleconverter
The addition of an inbuilt teleconverter makes a good deal of optical sense since it can be specifically designed and tuned to the lens in which it is being employed. Traditional teleconverters are a compromise because they are designed to work with multiple lenses across a range of focal lengths. They are not tuned to a specific set of optics and employ more elements than they may otherwise need to in order to ensure operability between lenses. For this reason an inbuilt converter will always outperform and out-resolve a stand alone converter. In my own testing I found the in built converter in the 200-400 to offer improved image quality over the stand alone Mark III 1.4 Teleconverter.
To clear up the internet scuttlebutt I can clarify that it is possible to use a 2X teleconverter with the 200-400mm lens; which turns it into a 400-800mm F8 lens that will autofocus on the 1DX camera. Image quality with the 2X teleconverter in place is at least equal in quality to what you would expect to see using the converter on a prime telephoto lens. It is also possible to flick the 1.4 teleconverter into place and go to 1120mm although autofocus is lost and image quality takes a nose dive as you would expect with stacked converters.
The prototype 200-400mm lens I tested on the Canon 1DX camera has the best autofocus I have ever experienced with any camera – period. It is blisteringly fast and deadly accurate. This lens and camera combination never miss focused during the nearly 700 frames shot on high speed 12 frames per second AI servo at the dressage training event I was invited to photograph. The camera and lens were able to successfully track the rapidly moving dark horses irrespective of erratic and unpredictable movement. All of the files are sharp and well within what I would deem critical focus.
The new 200-400mm lens employs 4 stop image stabilisation that is virtually completely silent. Whilst I can hear the IS in my 300mm F2.8L IS when shooting with the lens in this mode I could not hear it at all on the 200-400mm lens. My tests show that the IS in the 200-400 is significantly better than that in the original 300mm F2.8L IS lens and I would have no hesitation in hand holding this lens in poor light and shooting at shutter speeds that would normally require a tripod for these focal lengths. The lens has three different modes for either hand held shooting, panning or utilisation on a tripod.Who is it for?
For Photographers who need a super-telephoto zoom in the 200mm – 560mm range with superb optics this lens is likely to be worth every cent. After spending time shooting from the deck of ships I have come to the realisation that there is no substitute for a high quality super telephoto zoom lens. For shooting wildlife such as penguins, seals, polar bears, walrus and birds from the deck of a ship where the required focal length is always different I expect this lens will likely prove the ultimate no compromise choice for ‘getting the shot’. It is the lens I have decided to take with me on the expeditions I am running to the Arctic and Antarctic in August and November this year.
With a focal length of 200mm – 400mm or 280mm – 560mm with the 1.4 TC in place this lens will also be very popular with sports photographers simply because of the extreme versatility it will provide. It is not quite as fast as a 300mm or 400mm F2.8 but I expect this small sacrifice in speed will be a small price to pay for the added flexibility this lens will bring to many sports shooters. I expect this lens to be in hot demand with sports and wildlife photographers when it is released in June this year; even with its high price tag. Despite the long lead time from initial announcement of its development to working field prototypes this lens remains likely the most hotly anticipated lens for sports and wildlife photographers in recent memory.
2 thoughts on “Canon 200-400mm F4L IS Pre-Production Sample Lens Review”
It’s great to read the contents about the Canon 200-400mm IS F4L lens, for the further expedition tour I think I will take seriously this lens into account, thank you for the detailed information.


Streamlight Twin-Task 3C Battery Powered UV LED Flashlight
The Twin-Task 3C UV flashlight features three lighting modes and the latest in LED technology. The six 390 nanometer (nm) UV LEDs provide ultraviolet light for detection of fraudulent documents, forensic investigations, or detecting engine and HVAC leaks. The white C4 power LED with its textured reflector provides an even beam, along with piercing hotspot for distance. The push button head switch sequences through three 390 nm LEDs, six 390 nm LEDs, C4 power LED, and Off. Market applications include, but are not limited to, industrial, law enforcement, security, and automotive use.
Dependable and Economical
LEDs don't require periodic bulb replacement like incandescents and are virtually indestructible. Streamlight's revolutionary C4 technology combined with an innovative Streamlight-engineered reflector provides sharp, focused light that rivals incandescent intensity without giving up the durability and longevity of an LED. Since LEDs have a long life and won't burn out or won't break, they never need to be replaced. More powerful and more economical, Streamlight LED lighting tools pack a lot more power with ultra-bright white beams and long illumination times. They are extremely dependable and cost-efficient.
Bright and Powerful
The Twin-Task 3C UV flashlight features C4 LED technology for extreme brightness, impervious to shock with a 50,000-hour lifetime. Its six 390 nanometer UV LEDs have a 100,000 hour lifetime. The Twin-Task features three light modes: white C4 LED with 3739 candela peak beam intensity, 185 lumens and a beam distance of 116-meters; six UV LED with 44mW measured system output; and three UV LED with 30mW measured system output.
Battery and Run Times
Powered by three C size alkaline batteries (sold separately), the Twin-Task 3C UV flashlight's C4 LED has a run time of 27 hours, the six UV LED has a run time of 63 hours, and the three UV LED has a run time of 81 hours.
Built to Last
Designed for durability, the Twin-Task 3C UV flashlight features a machined aluminum case with a non-slip knurled grip, a matte black anodized finish and an unbreakable polycarbonate lens. It is IPX4 rated for water-resistant operation and 1-meter impact resistance tested. All openings are O-ring sealed.
Dimensions and Weight
Weighing 16 ounces with batteries, the Twin-Task 3C UV flashlight has a length of 9.02 inches, a major diameter of 1.68 inches, and a body diameter of 1.26 inches.
- Batteries sold separately
- Meets applicable European Community Directives
- Packaged with a high-strength wrist lanyard
Features : Features six UV LEDs *C4 LED technology for extreme brightness *IPX4 rated for water resistant operation *1 meter impact resistance tested *Packaged with a high-strength lanyard
Color : Black
Product dimensions : 1.26x9.02x1.68 inches
Product weight : 0.65 pounds
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If you look at the sun through a sheet of paper, you can see the light shining through. Now imagine you take that sheet of paper and shave it into 720 separate layers, each 90 nanometres thick. Holding one of those up to the sun will do so little to block the light you may as well not be holding anything at all.
Yet a 90-nanometre thick material that blocks 80% of incoming light from all angles and all wavelengths is exactly what Dr Bjorn Sturmberg and colleagues from The Australian National University, Swinburne University and the University of Sydney have produced. The remarkable thinness of this material hides the complexity going on inside it. Zoom in and you'll see dozens of layers of graphene oxide – single-atom thick sheets of carbon and oxygen – separated by layers of an electrical insulator known as a dielectric.
Carved into the graphene-dielectric layers are deep grooves that capture and channel incoming light further into the material. The particular, laser-carved arrangement of the layers and grooves is what makes the material such a good absorber of incoming light. Figuring out the ideal spacing, width, depth and shape for the grooves is a job for a supercomputer.
Unpolarised light hits the material from a wide range of angles. The material couples the light sideways into waveguide modes that propagate along the surface, leading to large absorption in the metamaterial. The image inset shows the structure of the metamaterial.
Other materials exist that absorb very specific wavelengths of light to a high degree, but nothing this thin that absorbs this much solar light from infrared to ultraviolet. Finding the best arrangement of grooves and layers required Dr Sturmberg to simulate incoming light coming in from 25 different angles and at dozens of different wavelengths.
He says, "There's no way for us to do these kinds of calculations without a supercomputer. The grooves and the layers really do need to be arranged properly if the material is going to absorb the way it should.
"Ultra-thin materials like this open up new possibilities for creating light sensitive devices and technologies. The combination of theoretical and experimental expertise, and the computing infrastructure that plays a key role, are all required for making advances like this."
New materials open up plentiful possibilities in all aspects of future technologies, manufacturing, industry and society. Materials like this ultra-thin sheet of light-absorbing layers might one day appear in our everyday objects and tools. Designing molecular structures at the atomic level lets us customise exactly the behaviour we need, and computational simulations let us push forward the boundaries of what is possible.
You can read the full research paper in the journal Nature Photonics.


Scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Roorkee have fabricated low-cost thin film solar cells by extracting the plant pigments from plums, black currants, and berries.
The team found that the plant pigments are good at absorbing sunlight. According to a study, published in the Journal of Photovoltaics, plant pigments are naturally occurring biodegradable and nontoxic molecules that are extracted using techniques that involve negligible cost to the environment and therefore can provide eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes that are used for thin film solar cells production.
The researchers at IIT-Roorkee extracted the plant pigments using ethanol to create the thin film solar cells. And while the organic thin film solar cells are not yet as efficient as conventional silicon-based solar cells, the team is investigating ways to make them more efficient and cost-effective. Read the full report by Lorraine Chow.


Magnetic Clip-On glasses are a boon for people with similar issues. These magnetic clip-ons are cosmetic for your glasses and can be customized to your mood. Today, we are going to tell you the five advantages of having magnetic clip-on glasses.
Why Choose Magnetic Clip-On Glasses?
As mentioned, many people want to wear different glasses that compliment different occasions, but hoarding a large number of glasses is not the ideal solution. Magnetic clip-on glasses are detachable frames that connect to your glasses through magnets.
These robust magnets firmly hold the frame in its place and can be easily swapped out for a different frame. This feature can work well with sunglasses as well as prescription-based eyewear.
1. Lens Leisure
The adaptability of magnetic clip-on glasses is one of its main features. Many people need prescription eyeglasses to correct vision problems but still desire the benefits of sunglasses.
Magnetic clip-on frames solve this problem. These frames can securely retain prescription lenses while also allowing you to put an appealing shade on top when needed effortlessly.
This dual capability enables users to adjust to changing lighting situations and activities without changing glasses.
Furthermore, the clip-on lenses are frequently made of polarized polycarbonate glass, which provides UV protection. These lenses are available in polarization levels ranging from UV 100 to UV 400, providing complete eye protection.
Normal glasses go through occasional wear and tear and sometimes come apart in case of an accident. These shortcomings can prove harmful and cause serious damage.
Because they are composed of military-grade plastic like Trivex, that are used to develop shatterproof windshields. These frames and lenses are durable even under harsh conditions and can withstand extreme temperature with ease.
3. Fashion Quotient
Magnetic clip-on glasses are the latest fashion trend among the fashion-conscious. Their existence can be linked back to the 90s. With the recent revival of 90s fashion, clip-on glasses have made their comeback in the mainstream media.
Many celebrities and public figures have been spotted wearing nostalgic clip-on glasses. The effortless ability of these spectacles to smoothly blend in any outfit while maintaining their unique voice has skyrocketed their sales.
To meet this need, various firms provide a variety of materials for the construction of these frameworks.
From rich gold and silver embellishments to the futuristic appeal of aluminum and even denim injected with epoxy, these materials lend a touch of personality to your eyewear.
More importantly, these design and material innovations do not jeopardize the frames’ longevity, making them a functional but trendy alternative for anyone looking to express their individual style.
Because of their growing demand, magnetic clip-on glasses are readily available in the market. Many big firms retail clip-on glasses in their outlets and you can even browse their web portal for online shopping.
The worldwide eyewear market revenue has been projected to reach $141.5 billion by the end of 2023. This boom in sales has projected the global eyewear market to grow by 8.5% from 2023-2030.
5. Certified Safe
Initially, concerns arose regarding the safety of wearing magnetic clip-on glasses, particularly in relation to vision. However, extensive scientific research has provided conclusive data, establishing the safety of magnetic clip-on glasses.
In a recent study by Korean Physical Society members Dong Hyuk Kim and Hyun Mee Lee, contrast sensitivity between regular sunglasses and clip-on sunglasses was analyzed. The study found that the contrast sensitivity of the clip-on sunglasses was lower than that of the ordinary sunglasses with only one lens.
The contrast sensitivity at high illumination was higher as compared to low illumination. The contrast sensitivity of the clip-on glasses was better for a narrower lens spacing. Additionally, no difference in contrast sensitivity between the four colors coated on the mirror lens was observed.
The results have proved clip-on glasses to be just as safe for vision as traditional eyeglasses. Wearers can enjoy peace of mind, knowing that their eye health and vision are not compromised by opting for magnetic clip-on glasses.
6. Savings Savvy
Magnetic clip-on glasses are not only a style statement but also a financially groovy option. By opting for a magnetic clip-on glass, you refrain from purchasing multiple sets of glasses to change your style.
These glasses double down to act as your typical eyeglasses and can be transformed into funky sunglasses effortlessly.
Having this dual functionality assures that you get better value for your money and cuts down on your eyewear expenditure.
Furthermore, magnetic clip-on glasses allow you to constantly upgrade your style statements and keep up with the changing fashion trends without additional expense. This functionality makes magnetic clip-on glasses a cost-effective and desirable option.
Call it a style statement, an ode to the past, or a reasonable financial choice, magnetic clip-on glasses have succeeded in creating their niche audience.
The flexibility and durability of these glasses set them apart from their counterparts.