LINEAR & NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY
The Fundamental Research of New Photonics Materials
The light-matter interaction is, in fact, one of the most relevant themes in physics due to the amount of information that can be obtained and interpreted by the material's response after this interaction. There are several types of optical phenomena, which can be linear or nonlinear. For example, when photons emitted by a low-intensity light source interact with a medium and are absorbed, we face an absorption process called linear absorption or simply 1PA - one-photon absorption. In addition, a photoluminescence process may follow if the medium is emissive. But when a high-intensity laser is used to cause a light-matter interaction, there is a chance of a nonlinear optical response be observed. There are several types of nonlinear optical phenomena, such as second-harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon absorption (2PA), three-photon absorption (3PA), to mention a few.
Nonlinear optical phenomena (NLO) can be experimentally and theoretically investigated with different ranges of energy excitation. We can combine both results (experimental and theoretically) to understand the existent materials better, aiming to develop novel ones with optimized optical responses.
The NLO effects can be determined experimentally with laser systems and appropriate optical apparatus. For example, the incoherent SHG in solution (first molecular hyperpolarizability) can be determined by the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) technique; the 2PA spectra can be recorded using the well-established Z-Scan technique. Fortunately, due to our ongoing collaborations, we have access to the mentioned NLO techniques. Moreover, we can estimate the first molecular hyperpolarizability and the 2PA spectra using QCC in a High-Performance Computing environment.
In this line of research, the main objective is to help chemists and material scientists to synthesize novel optical materials with optimal NLO effects.
If you are interested in exploring 2PA or the first molecular hyperpolarizability spectra of a particular molecular structure, contact us by clicking here!


Ballast is a device used with an electric discharge lamp to obtain the necessary circuit conditions (voltage, current and waveform) for starting and operating light sources. All fluorescent and high intensity discharge (HID) light sources require a ballast for proper operation.
It helps dim your fluorescent tube lights and save tube light energy as well as giving different mood lighting in the room for more comfortable lighting for the human eye. It can control 48 channels of Dali Ballast and work as a bridge between S-Bus and Dali. It can be used in any location that requires energy saving, intelligent control such as hotels, shopping malls, residential buildings, stadiums, airports, gymnasiums, intelligent villas and mansions.


Jakarta – BRIN Public Relations. The total area of mangroves worldwide continues to decline. In some areas, the decline is attributable to exploitation, land clearing, and pollution of mangrove ecosystems.
The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) through the Aeronautics and Space Research Organization has developed a mangrove monitoring model using optical remote sensing technology.
However, Indonesia, which is located at the equator, with several large islands and thousands of small islands that are covered by mangroves, is often covered by clouds. This is the problem that often arises when detecting mangroves.
Ratih Dewanti, a researcher in the field of Remote Sensing Technology, said the Cloud-Free Mosaic (MBA) model is considered efficient in the processing of optical remote sensing data, which contributes to generate data and information to support mangrove monitoring.
This model when integrated with the development of the latest concept of Analysis Ready Data (ARD) will have more significant weight in the processing of optical remote sensing data for mangroves. The combination of the Mosaic Tile Based (MTB) algorithm and the ARD model is referred to MBA model.
“The findings, in the form of MTB algorithm, can solve the problem of cloud coverage in optical remote sensing data, especially for coastal areas around the equator line which are often covered by clouds,” said Ratih in her academic oration for inauguration as Research Professor, at BRIN Building, Gatot Subroto, Jakarta, Thursday (10/10). 03).
While the ARD concept provides efficiency to users of remote sensing data in the required pre-processing.
“Efficient in this context means that it is faster and uses less resources to provide data, which can be used for mangrove monitoring compared to conventional approaches,” explains this mother of 2 children.
In more detail, Ratih explained the results of development of 5 models to provide remote sensing data for mangrove monitoring.
Model-1 is the development of MBA for optical remote sensing data, model-2 for determining mangrove coverage, model-3 for detecting the presence, density, and zoning of mangroves, model-4 for monitoring the rate of damage to mangrove land, and Model-5 for providing remote sensing ARD.
From the 5 model developments, continued Ratih, use of MBA for mangrove monitoring based on digital optical remote sensing data is considered more efficient than the conventional method. Conventional methods generally promote visual interpretation, scene-based interpretation, and expert justification.
“This efficiency is obtained from experiences in processing optical remote sensing data for 10 scenes for mangrove monitoring. Using model-2, model-3, and model-4 takes about 7 days, compared to 1 day when processing the same data using model-1,” explained the researcher who is also an active member of the Asian Association of Remote Sensing.
Some of these findings have been implemented in mangrove mapping carried out by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and reported in the National Forest Monitoring System (Simontana).
In addition, in the Web-GIS as collaboration between IPB and BRIN (LAPAN)-Ecometrica, with funding from the United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA), the MBA model has been used for Landsat data.
Ratih hopes that the development of an efficient model in processing optical remote sensing data can further strengthen the implementation of evidence-based policy principles.
Furthermore, the development of this model can support the implementation of one standard and one data as part of the One Map Policy, and in line with optimizing utilization of remote sensing data as mandated by the Law on Space (tnt).


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Lasers have various uses in the field of dentistry. They can be most effectively used for removing decay, whitening teeth, reshaping gums, and hardening bonding materials in fillings.
Dental lasers emit energy in the form of quick pulses of light at the area to be treated. Based on the type of tissue to be treated, various wavelengths of the lasers are used.
Diode lasers have many different fascinating applications in laser dentistry. It is a revolutionary technology that enables dentists to treat patients with the most precision, least pain, and fast healing. Several cosmetic dentistry procedures can be performed using diode lasers, including tooth whitening.
Diode laser technology works by focusing the energy at the site of treatment through a semiconductor embedded within a crystal. The energy is transmitted through a flexible optical fiber towards a handheld unit which the dentist uses during the treatment. The power of the laser can be precisely adjusted for performing a variety of procedures safely and comfortably. The diode lasers are flexible enough to be applied to many different procedures, such as:
Soft-tissue surgery: The diode laser is commonly used for performing soft-tissue surgery, such as removing lesions and tumors from oral soft tissues within the mouth. The high-energy beam of the diode laser kills bacteria and sterilizes the areas during cavity treatment, root canals, and other similar procedures.
Plaque removal: Diode laser can help dentists in cleaning the teeth. The powerful laser can effectively remove heavily calcified deposits from the teeth leaving them clean and free from cavity-causing plaque.
Teeth whitening: The diode laser can activate the gel used in professional treatments for tooth whitening. An in-office treatment can whiten teeth by 10 shades, which is a remarkable improvement in comparison to over-the-counter whitening systems offered in stores.
Gum contouring: The diode laser can help in reshaping the gum lines of the patients.
Laser surgical tools have unsurpassed precision, which helps dentists in minimizing or eliminating bleeding as well as post-treatment discomfort. The dentists can remove decayed tissue without affecting healthy tissue surrounding the treated gums. Also, dentists can ensure long-lasting fillings as they can effectively fill the cavities treated by the laser system in comparison to those treated with a drill.
Dental lasers have various advantages over traditional instruments:
Minimized need for anesthesia – Unlike dental drills, lasers are precise and don’t create intense vibrations. A treatment with the laser usually does not require anesthesia during the process.
Minimal bleeding – Laser treatment involves conservative incisions, with less bleeding and swelling. Moreover, lasers cauterize incisions by sealing them using energy which further reduces bleeding.
Preservation of tTissue – A laser dental treatment is highly precise and involves minimal disruption of surrounding healthy tissue.
Rapid healing – A laser treatment involves very precise incisions, which are sealed immediately, thereby minimizing healing time. After a soft tissue procedure performed with the laser, there is no bleeding and patients do not need to have sutures.
Multiple applications – Due to the versatile capabilities of laser treatments, some dentists use them for smile makeovers as well. Laser dentistry is an innovative technology that ensures beautiful results comfortably. The dentist can use a single laser for different types of treatments by making appropriate adjustments.
Effective cosmetic treatments should ensure a foundation of healthy teeth and gums. Laser treatments make the dental procedures incredibly comfortable and precise, thereby ensuring long-term satisfaction.


Cambridge, Mass— Lantos Technologies Inc, a company developing 3D scanning technology for hearing health applications, has received $4.1 million in private funding, according to an SEC filing.
Under the leadership of Professor Douglas Hart of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Mechanical Engineering Department, Lantos has been working to commercialize a 3D digital scanner capable of measuring ear canal shape and tissue compliance.
If successfully developed, the technology has the potential to eliminate uncertainties associated with manual ear canal fittings and improve the performance of custom-made hearing products, such as hearing aids, audio ear buds, and hearing conservation products.
In September 2010, Lantos received $1.6 million in funding.
SOURCE: Lantos Technologies


Scientists have developed an ultrafast fiber laser that delivers an average power more than 10 times what is available from today’s high-power lasers. The technology is ready to enhance industrial-scale materials processing and paves the way for visionary applications.
Michael Müller, a Ph.D. student of Prof. Jens Limpert from the Friedrich Schiller University’s Institute of Applied Physics and the Fraunhofer Institute of Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering in Jena, Germany, will present the new laser at the all-virtual 2020 OSA Laser Congress to be held 12-16 October 2020. The presentation is scheduled for Tuesday, 13 October 2020 at 14:30 EDT.
High power without the heat
In lasers, waste heat is produced during the process of light emission. Laser geometries with an enormous surface-to-volume ratio, for example, fibers, can dissipate this heat well indeed. Hence, the average power of around 1 kW is obtained from the present high-power lasers. Beyond this power, the heat load degrades the beam quality and represents a limit.
To circumvent this restriction, the research group around Müller and Limpert made another laser that externally combines the output of 12 laser amplifiers. They indicated that the laser can produce a 10.4-kilowatt average power without degradation of the beam quality. Thermographic imaging of the final beam uncovered marginal heating. In this way, power scaling to the 100-kilowatt level could be refined by adding even more amplifier channels.
In the future, high-power combined lasers not only will accelerate industrial processing but also enable formerly visionary applications such as laser-driven particle acceleration and space debris removal – said, Müller.
The investigation of novel applications at that power level as well as the transfer of the laser technology to commercial systems is ongoing within the frame of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Advanced Photon Sources (CAPS), which foremost involves the engineering of the laboratory setup into a rugged design. On the research side, the team in Jena now focuses on multicore fibers that offer the potential to deliver even superior performance in simpler and smaller systems.
More information: OSA Laser Congress


FLIR systems introduces new ex-series thermal image cameras, which are now available. FLIR systems introduces new ex-series thermal image cameras, which are now available. The ex series are entry-level models with numerous functions. Thermal imaging cameras are ideal to replace, for example, a point-IR pyrometer. They are suitable especially for building inspections, to find insulation problems, to detect leaks in flat roofs or underfloor heating systems to investigate. The ex series is equally suitable for electrical and mechanical inspections.
Here can be localized with the thermal imaging cameras such as electrical problems, control cabinets are checked, u.v.m be found engine problems. The FLIR ex-series distinguishes itself especially through its ease of use and their excellent value for money. You generated in no time with simple sighting and record JPEG thermal images, which contain all the necessary temperature data and stored internally or externally, sent and analyzed can be. The entry-level model in the ex series is the FLIR E4 with an image resolution of 80 x 60 pixels and thermal sensitivity of < 0.15 C. The thermal imaging camera FLIR E5 has a resolution of 120 x 90 pixels, FLIR E6 model has 160 x 120 pixels and is also equipped with the images-in-picture, as well as the color alarm feature.
The top model is the FLIR E8 with an image resolution of 320 x 240 pixels and thermal sensitivity of < 0.06 C. Due to the low weight of only 575 g, the infrared cameras are very handy and easy to find place in a belt pouch. All models measure temperatures up to + 250 C, and are equipped with the patented MSX process by FLIR. This provides thermal images with outstanding image quality in real time. The result stung sharp thermal images, faster orientation towards the goal and clear reports without clutter. Furthermore, you can more quickly locate abnormalities. In addition the infrared cameras FLIR E6 and FLIR E8 are the equipped multi-spectral image storage. This is a combined storage of MSX, heat, digital image and picture-in-picture. For thermal imaging cameras, FLIR tools software is available, which can be downloaded free of charge. It is suitable for simple updating of a camera and for the easy creation of inspection reports. So can, for example, images from the camera to a computer are imported, measuring tools in a thermal image created, moved and adjusted headers and footers logos in reports will be added to and, for example, filter when searching for specific images used. The FLIR tools + is optionally available, which has more features.


With some DIY work, imaging spider genitalia can be done on a budget. The key components are listed below, with the respective estimated costs in Singapore dollars.
- Camera that allows fitting of extension tubes (~S$1000)
Almost any camera body that allows interchangeable lenses, or more accurately the fitting of extension tubes, will work.
- Microscope objective (~S$30 per objective)
Surprisingly, cheap no-brand plan or semi-plan objectives bought online can have good results. Imaging spider genitalia typically requires 4x for large spiders to 40x for tiny spiders.
- Adapter ring to fit the objective onto the extension tubes (~S$5)
Most microscope objectives have RMS-mount screw threads. Some, e.g. Nikon objectives, use M25/C-mount screw threads. These adapter rings can easily be found online.
- Extension tubes of sufficient length (~S$20)
Most commonly found microscope objectives are made to cast an image 160 mm from the base of the objective (where the objective’s screw threads meet the shaft of the objective), so extension tubes are required to space the base of the objective that distance from the camera sensor. This distance does not need to be very accurate; slight deviations of a couple of cm in this length will simply result in small differences in the resultant magnification. Some microscope objectives cast an image an infinite distance away from the objective. These infinity objectives can be used just the same as the more common objectives.
- Focus rail that allows fine adjustment (or operates using a worm gear, ~S$30)
Fine adjustment is crucial, the setup must allow focusing at small enough steps. Depth of field for microscope objectives can be around ten microns or smaller, meaning the focus rail must allow focusing at such small steps.
- A means to fix the camera and focus rail such that it is unmovable (~S$50-200)
A camera tripod, an old microscope stand, or any solid, steady stand or frame will work. The most convenient configuration will be to fix the camera such that it is pointing straight down. Slide-mounted specimens with cover slips can sometimes be mounted vertically such that the camera can be pointing horizontally.
- Sufficiently bright light source to illuminate the subject (~S$30-400)
Shutter speed needs to be around 1/400 or faster in order not to have motion blur, and ISO needs to be around 200 in order not to have significant noise (these can vary depending on your particular camera and setup). High power flashlights, microscope lights, or camera flashes are all possibilities.
- Image stacking software (varies)
At high magnification, it will be challenging to have sufficient depth of field such that everything is in focus in one shot. Stacking images will likely be a necessity.
- Remote trigger for camera or tether software that can control the camera (~S$5 or included in software)
At high magnifications, even very small movements will significantly shake the camera or specimen, throwing things out of focus. It is therefore important not to touch the camera if possible. A remote trigger, or controlling the shutter through tether software are options for taking photos without touching the camera.
Compilation and photos by James W B KOH.


Guoqiang Yu, professor in the F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, has received a 2021 College of Engineering Excellence in Research Award.
Guoqiang Yu leads the Biomedical Optics Laboratory, where his group has invented several highly powerful functional imaging technologies, including a speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography system for noncontact imaging of brains, burns, wounds and reconstructive tissues; a wearable fiber-free optical sensor for continuous cerebral monitoring in freely behaving humans and animals; and a time-resolved laser speckle contrast imaging system. He has been awarded one SBIR/STTR grant for the commercialization of fluorescence eye loupes to guide brain tumor removal. Moreover, this innovative wearable fluorescence imaging device was selected by The Brain Race in 2019, a global competition to advance innovation in fighting brain tumors. These new technologies and devices hold great promise for imaging numerous organs in preclinical and clinical settings. Over the past five years, Yu has secured approximately $6.3 million as PI. This significant level of funding from competitive sources demonstrates the broad appeal of his research program. His group publishes an average of six papers per year and has established a track record of publications in high-impact journals such as Annals of Neurology, Arthritis & Rheumatism, Clinical Cancer Research, NeuroImage and IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, among others.


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A new study by research fellow Dr Huajian Liu at APPF’s The Plant Accelerator, at the Waite campus, has unearthed the optimal wavelength ranges, band centres and bandwidths for Hyperspectral sensors to determine the nitrogen content in Wheat.
Healthy plants generally have 3-4% of their total nitrogen housed in the above ground tissue. Nitrogen is used for a variety of essential procedures to maintain plant health and increase yield. Present in both chlorophyll and a major component in amino acids, nitrogen management and diagnosis of of plant nitrogen status are essential to maximising yields and are best based on real-time monitoring of biomass and plant nitrogen levels. Traditional methods of chemical nitrogen analysis are generally destructive, time consuming and expensive in a laboratory approach.
The fast-developing area of hyperspectral imaging integrates imaging and spectroscopy technologies and provides both visual representations of targets as well as the corresponding spectral information. The integration of spatial and spectral information has enabled the merging of computer vision technologies and spectroscopy, providing enriched datasets for the non-destructive measurement of plants.
In contrast to spectrometers, hyperspectral cameras usually have limited spectral ranges and wider bandwidths. In proximal sensing, hyperspectral cameras have been used to estimate nitrogen in wheat and pepper. In aerial remote sensing, hyperspectral systems have been successfully used to measure the nitrogen content of wheat, mangrove and maize.
Dr Liu’s study has demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging systems with satisfactory system setups can be used to conduct proximal sensing of nitrogen content in wheat accurately. The proposed approach could reduce the need for chemical analysis of leaf tissue and lead to high-throughput estimation of nitrogen in wheat.
Plant (a) (left) was treated with 50 mg/kg of N whereas plant (b) was treated with 200 mg/kg N. The red colour indicates a high concentration of Nitrogen and blue inidcates a low concentration.


The MDX-20 Milling Machine & Scanner uses (RAPS) technology to eliminate the drawbacks of contact-based 3D scanners.
The MDX-15/20 scans a wide range of objects including soft objects like clay and fruit that conventional contact scanners find very difficult. It can even scan glass, impossible using optical scanners because the light beams passes through the object without detecting it.
Capable of scanning for reverse engineering and milling to create prototypes back to back, at production speeds. With an RS-232C cable, the MDX-15/20 plugs into a computer as easily as any desktop printer. Within minutes, even beginners can be scanning and milling.
The MDX-20 Portable Milling Machine And Scanner is ideal for a variety of product design tasks, including prototype modeling, rapid prototyping, jewelry & model making, and small lot production.
The MDX-15 and the MDX-20 are able to mill just as quickly and efficiently as any other milling machine on the market, but can also scan a wide range of objects including soft objects like clay and fruit that conventional contact-based scanners find very difficult. It can even scan glass, which would be impractical with contact based scanners and impossible using optical scanners because the light beams pass through the object without detecting it.
Roland Active Piezo Sensor (RAPS) technology eliminates the drawbacks of conventional contact-type 3D scanners. It scans data with hair-splitting precision, picking up even the most minute shape variations. Minimum scanning pitches for the MDX-15/20: X/Y-axis direction 0.002 to 0.197 inches settable in steps of 0.002 inches, Z-axis direction 0.001 inches.
Select different spindle tips for state-of-the-art CNC milling, or precise 3D scanning. By testing and modifying your virtual 3D designs through scanning and final milling, this portable millig machine will save you time and money.


The image formed by a plane mirror is at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror i.e. the left side of the object becomes the right side of the image and vice-versa. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. In conclusion, plane mirrors produce images with a number of distinguishable characteristics. General rules for image formation … We have to see the rays coming from the object to see it. 5. Class 8 Physics Light: Image formation in a plane mirror: Image formation in a plane mirror. They are drawn in order for anyone to view a point on the image of an object. It is the same side up as the object. These are of the type convex and concave. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. To see any image in the mirror a person should be in the line of sight of the mirror, as when the person is in the line of sight of the mirror then the reflected ray reaches that person’s eye through which anyone can see the image of the object if they are in the line of sight of the mirror, this is because light has the property of moving in a straight line. Plane Mirrors and Image Formation in Plane Mirrors If the reflecting surface of the mirror is flat then we call this type of mirror as plane mirrors. Image distance is always equal to the object distance in a plane mirror. The image formed by a plane mirror is at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror i.e. Find the location and characterize the orientation of an image created by a plane mirror. • Images in a plane mirror are the same size as the object, are located behind the mirror, and are oriented in the same direction as the object (i.e., “upright”).. To understand how this happens, consider .Two rays emerge from point P, strike the mirror, and reflect into the observer’s eye. incident rays and reflected rays. You only have to look as far as the nearest bathroom to find an example of an image formed by a mirror. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. 1. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. A-1, Acharya Nikatan, Mayur Vihar, Phase-1, Central Market, New Delhi-110091. To view an object in any type of mirror, a person must sight along a line at the image of the object. Image Formation for Plane Mirrors. The object is placed at A. The image formed in a plane mirror is laterally inverted i.e. The image formed in a plane mirror is laterally inverted i.e. The image in a plane mirror is of the same size as the object. These ray diagrams depend on the position of the object. A virtual image is a copy of an object formed at the location from which the light rays appear to come. Ray diagrams are used to depict the image formation by tracing the path of light rays i.e. Describe how an image is formed by a plane mirror. Your IP: 220.127.116.11 Image distance is always equal to the object distance in a plane mirror. Given picture below shows how we can find the image of a point in plane mirrors. You only have to look as far as the nearest bathroom to find an example of an image formed by a mirror. 5. 4. Distinguish between real and virtual images. all rights reserved. Following are the important characteristics of image formed by plane mirrors. Copyright © 2020 Entrancei. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. 2. Plane mirrors produce images that have a magnification of 1. Note: A clear still surface of water behaves like a plane mirror. Such an image cannot be taken on a screen. This explains why we see reflection of sceneries in a river. Image Formation on Plane Mirrors. 3. Cloudflare Ray ID: 5f1a9e8a6c8674a3 If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. For example, a dentist uses a curved mirror to examine the teeth closely, large curved mirrors are used in telescope at observatories. the left side of the object becomes the right side of the image and vice-versa. The image formed by a plane mirror is always virtual (meaning that the light rays do not actually come from the image), upright, and of the same shape and size as the object it is reflecting. A mirror whose reflecting surface is a part of a hollow sphere is known as spherical mirror. Some Important Terms Used In The Reflection Of Light, Some Important Terms Related To Spherical Mirrors, Principal Focus And Focal Length Of A Convex Lens, Principal Focus And Focal Length Of A Concave Lens, Sign Convection For Refraction By Spherical Lenses, Important Questions CBSE Class 10 Science. • The image formed in a plane mirror is always erect. Images formed by plane mirrors are virtual, upright, left-right reversed, the same distance from the mirror as … Light always has regular reflection on plane mirrors. All persons capable of seeing the image must sight along a line of sight directed towards the precise image location. The image formed in a plane mirror is always virtual.
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What Does vision correction Allentown PA Mean?
Even so, cataract surgery can assist restore your vision, very long before you decide to knowledge loss of vision considerable adequate to interfere along with your every day actions.
LASIK is the commonest laser eye surgery. LASIK commences Along with the development of a thin flap while in the cornea. Your surgeon utilizes a blade or possibly a laser to help make this flap. The laser is taken into account far more desirable by some Medical professionals because of its precision, like less visually important troubles ; on the other hand, all-laser LASIK expenses somewhat a lot more than LASIK that employs a blade.
You is probably not acquainted with the technological names of increased purchase aberrations, which include coma, spherical aberration, trefoil and
To be an ophthalmologist, students ought to complete undergraduate coursework, comprehensive professional medical school, and be involved in a three-yr residency software. As soon as these necessities have been fulfilled, ophthalmologists will have to sit for and pass the board assessment to receive their license to follow.
Some clients want PRK as they don’t need a corneal flap, and many clients are superior candidates for PRK eye surgery than for LASIK (For illustration, those with slim corneas). As soon as the epithelium is eradicated, a laser is utilized to reshape the cornea. The laser is identical (i.e., excimer) as being the just one Employed in LASIK.
It has built People with Energetic lifestyles happy all over again. For Speak to lens wearers, the hassles connected with contacts could be a thing with the previous! LASIK is a quick and comparatively pain-free vision correction technique with an outstanding reputation of good results.
Consequently, when light passes through the cornea and lens, it is concentrated in front of the retina. This will make distant photos seem blurred.
Action two: The removing of a little number of tissue Together with the excimer laser beneath the corneal flap. The flap is Carefully folded again and the excimer laser reshapes the internal corneal tissue to right the refractive mistake.
The corrections are created applying eyeglasses or Call lenses, or amongst several surgical treatments. Just which strategy your medical professional chooses for these corrections relies with your certain visual need.
LASIK could be the most frequently performed elective surgery in North America. This very helpful outpatient technique is commonly called refractive surgery or laser vision correction.
This brought about the main surgical application of a laser on human tissue. Eye surgeons (aka ophthalmologists) had been amid the 1st to approached researchers to find out how they might use this new technological know-how in laser eye surgical procedures.
A corneal flap is created with possibly a blade or even a laser. The surgeon gently lifts the area in the cornea aside, enabling the excimer laser to reshape the curvature with the cornea.
If medical and laser therapy usually are not adequate in managing the glaucoma, surgery might be performed. The most typical type of glaucoma surgery may be the Trabeculectomy. With this procedure, a little spot on the drainage method, the trabecular meshwork is removed.
This system puts the incision In the reduce eyelid in lieu of outdoors. Clients who've dim circles below their eyes will from time to time Possess a deficiency of Extra fat in these locations. Injectables may be used to assist fill these smooth-tissue deficiencies and click here can increase the appearance of these circles.


You have an EzTix Scanner with a laser scanner case that is not lighting up with the red laser when you are logged into the app, in the correct event and pressing the thumb button on the right hand side of the scanner.
- As outlined in the solution, Troubleshooting with the EzTix Scanner under the section, Laser Scanner case and iPhone not charging? / Laser Scanner Not Scanning, the iPhone and the laser scanner case have become unpaired. To re-pair the two devices press the clear button on the bottom of the laser case (it glows green when pressed/charging) and the scanning button on the right side of the device simultaneously. You will hear a beep to indicate that the devices have been paired. (This can only be done if the iPhone has an independent charge and the laser case has an independent charge.
- If the iPhone has a charge but the laser scanner is dead (the clear button on the bottom of the laser case is not glowing green when pressed), you will need to charge the scanner to then re-pair.
- Should trying to pair the devices not resolve the laser scanning issue, we advise to remove the outer case and the laser scanner case, and slide the iPhone out of the laser scanner device and then reassemble and attempt to pair. The iPhone is a snug fit and a good amount of pressure needs to be used to push down and slide up at the same time to get it out of the laser scanner case.
- Each scanner is equipped with back-up Camera Scan that can be used in the event that you cannot get the laser scanner to work. To review how to use the camera scan feature, please review the EzTix Scanner Guide Step 3 a).


From windows to tableware to fiber optics, oxide glasses are everywhere you look.
Oxide glasses (typically silica) are used frequently in modern day technologies because they have numerous desirable properties, including high transparency and low thermal conductivity. Despite their ubiquity, however, oxide glasses have one conspicuous shortcoming—they are brittle.
This latest study’s researchers come from Aalborg University in Denmark, Technical University of Denmark, and University of California, Los Angeles. The oxide glass they created, caesium aluminoborate, has shown fairly decent crack resistance in previous work. What pushed their glass to strikingly high crack resistance levels in the new study was a counterintuitive trick—the researchers aged the glass in a humid atmosphere.


Sheba Microsystems’ MEMS actuator technology revolutionizes security camera systems by delivering superior image quality and robustness. This is especially important for the highest security-protected sites in the world which have high-tech security teams and AI-powered surveillance applications at their disposal.
AI-Powered Security Cameras Require:
Crispest Surveillance Footage for AI Analysis: In high-security zones such as banks, airports, and government buildings, image clarity is non-negotiable for AI algorithms. It’s a matter of split seconds – faster than the human eye can detect. Sheba Microsystems’ technologies enable razor-sharp images and video footage, powering AI systems to more accurately identify individuals and potential security threats – when split seconds matter to safety and security.
24/7 AI-Based Monitoring: For round-the-clock AI-driven surveillance in all weather conditions, Sheba Microsystems’ MEMS actuators ensure security cameras remain dependable. They can withstand extreme temperatures and weather fluctuations, ensuring uninterrupted data collection and analysis by AI algorithms.
Facial Recognition Accuracy: In applications like access control or criminal identification, facial recognition technology relies on high-quality images for AI processing. Sheba Microsystems’ MEMS actuator technologies enable security cameras to help capture clear and stable facial images, significantly improving the accuracy of AI-driven identification systems.
Enhanced AI-Powered Traffic Management: In traffic surveillance, clarity and reliability are essential for AI algorithms to accurately process data. Sheba Microsystems’ MEMS actuator technologies enable cameras to excel in capturing license plate numbers and monitoring traffic flow, contributing to improved road safety.
Optimized AI for Critical Infrastructure Protection and Remote Monitoring of Critical Assets: Protecting vital infrastructure and critical assets requires cameras that can endure even the harshest environments, and only Sheba Microsystems’ MEMS actuator technology ensures this happens.
To learn more about how Sheba Microsystems’ robust MEMS actuators supercharge AI-driven surveillance cameras, visit www.shebamicrosystems.com.


Ironhide is a world leader on the analysis and reporting of point cloud data collected during LiDAR scans done on tanks and other vessels. Asset owners and inspectors can save significant time and money performing asset scans with commercially available LiDAR scanners and sending the point cloud data to Ironhide for analysis and reporting.
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a range finding laser (or laser scanner). The technology is based on the transmission and reception of pulsed lights. LiDAR inspection is a complex and innovative method of inspection.
LiDAR inspection equipment
- Aerial LiDAR
- Terrestrial (ground-based) LiDAR
Ironhide LiDAR inspection reports are:
- Faster (report turnaround in as little as 1-2 business days)
- More efficient (computer analyzed for accuracy and API 653 code tolerances)
- More cost-effective (up to 50% less expensive than traditional manual analysis)
- More accurate (up to 0.5 mm accuracy)
Ironhide Inspection Inc. has changed the landscape of LiDAR Inspection analysis by creating innovative software that shows the LiDAR data, like never before. Ironhide Analysis software allows you to immediately visualize the tank data as compared to API 653 code tolerances.
Ironhide Analysis Software provides
- 3D imaging
- Client Empowerment
- Worldwide Online Accessibility
- Engineering ready


China Square Bar Grinding Forming Into Cylindrical-Shape Machine for Optical Glass, Find details about China Square Bar Forming Grinding Machine, Gem Square Bar Grinding Forming Machine from Square Bar Grinding Forming Into Cylindrical-Shape Machine for Optical Glass - Guangzhou Minder-Hightech .Oct 12, 2020 Precision optical systems, such as lithographic projection lens or cameras for satellites, typically composed of glass or ceramics optical components. In the manufacturing processes of glass and ceramics components, grinding is a key technique for curvature generation (CG) of optical surface. However, dimension errors and sub-surface damage (SSD) of components occur during the CG.
For grinding and polishing spherical plane surface of optical glass, quartz glass, crystal, electrical elements and other brittle materials. Features 1.Each.
High-precision rotary surface grinding machine. A vertical rotary surface grinding machine for ultra-precision grinding of fragile materials such as optical glass, ceramics and ferrite, as well as the parts of various materials, using the unique mechanism of the table fixed type.
5-Axis Lens Grinding Machine 10-500 mm Optics OptiPro. SXL 500 Overview. The SXL 500 is a 5-Axis CNC bridge style lens grinding machine.The unique axes configuration provides an accurate and versatile platform for grinding brittle materials such as glass, ceramics and hardened steels up to.
Double-sided grinding and polishing, also known as double-sided lapping and polishing is performed with particles suspended in a liquid vehicle to abrade parts equally from both surfaces. The process produces a relatively stress-free environment that induces minimal thermal distortion making it compatible with most optical materials.
Product Details. SG03V2.1 Quartz Tube Rod Shaping and Grinding Machine is specialized in the plane grinding and shaping process of quartz tube rods. It is suitable for the shaping and polishing process of various optical fiber preforms. According to different process requirements, it can carry out special shapes such as triangle, quadrilateral.
Lens Polishing Grinding Machine Lens Hand Edge Grinding and auto lens polisher machine. Ready to Ship. $115.00-$130.00 Unit. 1 Unit (Min. Order) $75.23 Unit (Shipping) CN Shenzhen Holya Vision Optical Industrial . 2 YRS. 4.7 (15) . satisfied company .
May 27, 2020 Diderot’s encyclopedia, published in France from 1751, includes illustrations of various devices and tools used to make lenses for a variety of optical instruments, including spectacles. The grinding machine has a solid wooden frame similar in principle to that of a potter’s wheel. A large flywheel is driven by a hand-operated crank, with a.
Feb 08, 2016 S. K. ENTERPRISE, Established in 1997 at Ahmedabad in Gujarat, is leading Exporter, Manufacturer, Supplier of Grinding Milling Machinery in India. S. K. ENTERPRISE is one of Trade India's verified and trusted sellers of listed products. With their extensive experience of supplying and trading Hand Edgar And Optical Glass Grinding Machine, S. K. ENTERPRISE has made a reputed.
395MF10 optical profile grinding machine. Stock set, little worked in excellent condition, 1988-1989 y.v. Location - the Republic of Bashkortostan Technical specifications Model 395mf10 machine s are designed for grinding complex profile s, templates, pun.
Us9248541b2 Grinding Machine For Optical Glass And. B24b914 machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of nonmetallic inorganic material eg stone ceramics porcelain of glass of optical work eg lenses prisms.
For gears for crankshafts glass. metal sheet grinding machine. Based on the principle of optical profile grinding, the machine can measure both the workpiece Compare this product Remove from comparison tool. See the other products Amada Machine Tools. optical grinding machine SLG 301.
If you are interested in our company and our products, you can click to consult, we will provide you with value-for-money servicesFree Consultation


|1260 ~ 1650nm
1x4 fiber optic plc splitter,
low pdl fiber optic plc splitter,
low pdl 1x4 fiber optic splitter
The optical splitter can be divided into a molten taper and a flat waveguide according to the principle. The two types of species have similar separation principles, they change the fade field between fibers to couple each other (coupling degree, coupling length) and change the radius of fiber to achieve different sizes of branching, and vice versa can also combine multiple optical signals into one signal called a synthesizer.
Molten tapered products are two or more fibers for side fusion, while flat waveguide is a micro-optical component type product, using photolithography technology, in the medium or semiconductor substrate to form a light waveguide, to achieve branch distribution function. Meanwhile, melt-cone fiber coupler has become the mainstream manufacturing technology in the market because of its simple production method, cheap price, and easy connection with external fiber optic, and it can withstand the advantages of mechanical vibration and temperature change.
Broadband operation wavelength is one of the key features of an optical switch. Its operation wavelength ranges from a certain value to a different one with the same bandwidth. It also provides low insertion loss, low PDL (Polarization Dependent Loss), compact design and good channel-to-channel uniformity. Furthermore, its reliability and stability is quite high which helps in its durability.
Undoubtedly, an optical switch that supports broadband operation wavelength is an excellent choice for integrating and creating optical networks. It reduces the time and cost for installation as well as improving the overall performance of the network.
Having such a device in an optical network is very important as it provides connectivity to the other nodes in the network. Therefore, choosing an optical switch with broadband operation wavelength increases the efficiency of your network.
|ITU-T G657A1 , G657A2 and G.652D
|Operating Wavelength (nm)
|Insertion Loss (dB)
|Loss Uniformity (dB)
|Polarization Dependent Loss (dB)
|Return Loss (dB)
The telecommunication sector is an important and highly developed field today. This sector has seen vast improvements in the last few decades, leading to many interesting products that can help both businesses and individuals to connect with one another.
A PON (Passive Optical Network) system is a type of network composed of optical splitters and passive components, used for connecting parts of a telecommunications system. It is a widely used technology all over the world for both residential and enterprise applications.
FTTH (Fiber to the Home) provides broadband access to individuals and requires fiber-optic cable to be installed directly to each home. It can provide much higher download and upload speeds as compared to CATV (Community Antenna Television) or broadband over telephone lines. FTTH can be used to support real-time applications like streaming video, internet calling, and online gaming.
Cable television (CATV) systems are also a popular technology due to its ability to provide good quality video transmission for the viewers. It uses coaxial cable to transmit signals from a central provider to the modem in the viewers’ house.
Video transmission is a key element of the telecommunications sector and is used to transmit video signals over long distances. Signal transmission technologies like DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) or cable networks are used to achieve this.
Brand Name: Takfly/OEM
Model Number: PLC Splitter
Place of Origin: Shenzhen, China
Fiber Type: G657A1
Product Name: Fiber Optic PLC Splitter
Insertion Loss: ≤6.8dB
Takfly/OEM Fiber Optic PLC Splitter is a passive optical splitter, also known as optical fiber splitter, which is designed to distribute optical signals from Central Office (CO) to multiple premises in FTTx networks. It has a high directivity up to ≥55dB and low insertion loss of ≤6.8dB with low PDL of ≤0.4dB. It is manufactured with G657A1 fiber type and is suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications.
Support and Services:
Fiber Optic PLC Splitter Tech Support & Services
We provide comprehensive technical support and services for our Fiber Optic PLC Splitter products. We offer a variety of support options including:
- Technical Support: Our technical support team is available 24/7 to answer any questions you may have. We can assist with installation, troubleshooting, and general inquiries.
- Onsite Service: We can send out technicians to your site to perform maintenance and repair services on your Fiber Optic PLC Splitter products.
- Software Updates: We can provide software updates for your Fiber Optic PLC Splitter products to ensure they are running the latest version.
- Warranty: We offer a warranty on all of our Fiber Optic PLC Splitter products.
For more information on our Fiber Optic PLC Splitter tech support and services, please contact us.
Packing and Shipping:
Fiber Optic PLC Splitter Packaging and Shipping:
The PLC Splitter is packaged and shipped in a corrugated cardboard box. The box is secured with bubble wrap and other appropriate cushioning material to protect the product from damage during transportation.
The box is also labeled with the product name, quantity, and other relevant information. It is also labeled with the appropriate shipping service level and any special instructions, such as time sensitive delivery.
- Q1: What is the brand of the Fiber Optic PLC Splitter?
- A1: The brand of the Fiber Optic PLC Splitter is Takfly/OEM.
- Q2: What is the model number of the Fiber Optic PLC Splitter?
- A2: The model number of the Fiber Optic PLC Splitter is PLC Splitter.
- Q3: Where is the Fiber Optic PLC Splitter made?
- A3: The Fiber Optic PLC Splitter is made in Shenzhen, China.
- Q4: What type of fiber is the Fiber Optic PLC Splitter compatible with?
- A4: The Fiber Optic PLC Splitter is compatible with single-mode or multi-mode fibers.
- Q5: What type of connector does the Fiber Optic PLC Splitter use?
- A5: The Fiber Optic PLC Splitter uses SC, FC, ST, or LC type connectors.


MBJ Solutions specializes in the development and sale of test systems for the photovoltaic industry. MBJ Solutions offers electroluminescence test systems and LED sun simulators for solar module production. The company was founded in 2009 and has sold more than 450 inspection systems since 2010.
MBJ Imaging GmbH, founded in 2013, is a subsidiary of MBJ Solutions GmbH. The company specializes in the development, manufacture and sale of innovative LED lighting and LED controllers for the automation industry. MBJ Imaging has set itself the goal of offering reliable, industry-standard and also inexpensive standard lighting based on the latest LED technologies.


The product is sold in linear meters.
The product contains an adapter and connector
Please specify the amount of meters of tape, knowing that every 19 meters, a transformer and conductor will be added
To Control the color temperature must add the Dimmer For LED Strip Light HV You can select and buy one of the Dimmer For LED Strip Light listed below.
102.35 SARInc. Vat
Neon Flex 10W/m 1 Driver 230Watt 1 Connector
Driver 230W for LED Flexible Linear Light HV
LED Flexible Neon Flex Linear Light (Connector)
Body Color White
Compatible With Dimmer For LED Strip Light HV
Dimmer With Dimmer For LED Strip Light HV( Yes) , Without Dimmer For LED Strip Light HV (No)
Color Temperature 1800K , 2700K , 3500K , 4000K , 5000K
Lumen 1800K(330) , 2700K(450) , 3500K(470) , 4000K(480) , 5000k (490)
Enable to process your request. please try again


Professor Arthur Lowery
Professor Arthur Lowery brings to the Centre expertise in wireless implants for brain stimulation, developed during the Monash Vision Group’s bionic eye project. He is also an expert in the use of mathematical models to study massively-complex systems, gained from working in telecommunications systems modelling.
Professor Lowery is internationally recognised for his innovations in optical communications, and commercialisation of research ideas.
He is based at Monash University, in Melbourne, and is Director of the Monash Vision Group.


La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento
Year 2015 - Issue 6 - June
Abstract: Lévy glass is a new material which is obtained by assembly of scattering elements. The result is a bulk material which has different degrees of elasticity (from rigid as window glass to flexible as certain plastics) and which can be shaped into any desired form. In particular, Lévy glasses have special optical properties not present in other materials. The name Lévy glass is based on the fact that under certain conditions light waves perform a Lévy walk inside these materials and the resulting optical transport is superdiffusive. From a structural point of view a Lévy glass is a random fractal. We will review the optical and structural properties of Lévy glasses, their design criteria, as well as their experimental realization. Also we will go into various fundamental aspects of Lévy-type light transport, discussing both superdiffusion as well as interference effects like weak and strong localization.


Simple though it may seem, corrective eyeglasses are a very complicated invention. The actual inventing of eye glasses evolved throughout a very extensive time period but the closest date to what could most nearly be classified as the invention of eyeglasses would be sometime in 1303 when physician Bernard of Gordon noted that the use of spectacles could be used in correcting long-sightedness and then later in the century it is speculated that Roger Bacon probably actually invented this device (Broton). From there on researchers began experimenting with curvatures and widths of lenses to eventually aid the visually impaired.
Eyeglasses have a variety of structures to that are used for aiding and correcting defective sight. Generally they consist of a pair of lenses in a frame to hold them in the correct position in front of the eyes. Lenses are in most cases made of ground glass. A lens works by creating an image through the refraction of light. Each lens surface is made as a part of a spherical surface. To each surface there is what is called a center of curvature. This is the point in he middle of the sphere at which every point on the surface is equally spaced around. There are two centers of curvature in a lens and the line joining the two centers passes through a point called the optical center. The light is refracted, or bent, through the entire lens except through this point. Where the line joining the two centers passes through is called the principal axis. Any line that passes at an angle to the principal axis is called a secondary axis. Any light that is refracted through the lens is bent toward the thickest portion of the lens. There are basically two basic types of lenses, concave and convex. Concave lenses are thicker at the edges then at the center while convex lenses are thinner at the edges then at the center. These are used separately or in coordination with each other to correct different eye problems (Lens, In Optics, Physics).


Patrizia Vaghi Amanda Oldani
tel. 0382987548 email@example.com
Confocal microscopy, thanks to the innovative optical system, eliminates the interference of out-of-focus fluorescence on immunofluorescent sample and allows three-dimensional reconstruction. The production of the confocal image is achieved by illuminating the sample with a laser beam that is sequentially focused on each individual point of the sample along both the XY and Z plane. The image of the entire object is reconstructed by a subsequent analysis of the individual points scanned through appropriate software.
Inverted Leica DMI 6000 microscope with the following objectives: 63x oil, 40x oil, 20x oil, 25x water for diafanized preparations; The microscope is also equipped with a interfering contrast kit.
Leica TCS SP5 II confocal microscopy system equipped with the following lasers: 405 nm, Ar 458 nm, 476 nm, 488 nm, 514 nm; HeNe 543 and HeNe 633 nm
- Leica TCS SP8 STED 3X (Stimulated emission depletion) microscope
- Leica DMi8 S TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence) microscope uses a technique for selectively imaging fluorescent molecules in an aqueous environment only in one plane in the sample of 100–200 nm thickness. The instrument is equipped with Filter wheel FURA allows switching wavelengths between 20 and 28 ms.
This technique is mainly used on in vivo sample to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the roles different proteins play in exocytosis/endocytosis, to observe the size, of the contact region between a cell and the solid substrate, for tracking cell movements or protein movements inside the cells.
Leica TCS SP8 DLS is an innovative concept to integrate the Light Sheet Microscopy technology into the confocal microscope. This technique is minimally invasive, strongly reduced photo-bleaching and photodamage and has a high acquisition speed. The instrument is equipped with a muntiband spectral scan head. White laser and AOBS devices allow the excitation wavelength selection between 470 nm and 670 nm. Laser Argon 488. High-efficiency HyD fluorescence emission detection system. Lightning deconvolution system. 3D Reconstruction Software, Colocation, FRAP, FRET. DLS module, digital light sheet, which allows the three-dimensional reconstruction even of “in vivo” preparations such as zebrafish, drosophila, c. elegans. The low phototoxicity allows very long observation times of sensitive samples, the high imaging speed allow fast volumetric imaging and imaging of fast processes. This technique is useful in small organisms developmental biology, mostly in embryos and larvae, cleared organs and spheroid. Fast imaging becomes particularly important in dynamic processes such as cell motion, tracking of vesicles, cell lineage and differentiation.


The five lenses with a speed of 2.8 and focal lengths of 12/16/25/35/50 mm are suitable for pixel sizes down to 2.4μm and are therefore well suited for use in combination with Sony’s IMX253, 420/425 and 530/540 sensors.
The lenses already offer particularly good imaging performance at open aperture – with either visible or IR illumination.
Due to the precise and stable mechanics, the image position is maintained even in harsh industrial environments with high shock and vibration.
This makes the Xenon-Jade lenses particularly suitable for demanding inspection and measurement tasks in 3D / 2D metrology and robotic vision. Other areas of application include surface inspection, quality control and classification from classic machine vision and automated optical inspection (AOI).
The Schneider Group specializes in developing, producing and manufacturing highperformance lenses and filter systems for industrial applications, cine and photography. It also offers high-quality precision mechanics and servo hydraulics. The company’s main brand "Schneider-Kreuznach" stands for state-of-the-art technology from Germany. The group has been a world market leader in the field of high-performance lenses for many years. The Schneider Group consists of Jos. Schneider Optische Werke GmbH founded in Bad Kreuznach in 1913, and its subsidiaries PENTACON (Dresden), Schneider Optics (New York, Los Angeles), Schneider Asia Pacific (Hong Kong) and Schneider Optical Technologies (Shenzhen). The Schneider Group has around 500 employees worldwide, including 315 at its German headquarters.
Jos. Schneider Optische Werke GmbH
55543 Bad Kreuznach
Telefon: +49 (671) 601-0
Telefax: +49 (671) 601-109


DMP-1000 camera software
0 Item Items
Warning: Last items in stock!
The DMP-1000 is designed as a software accessory for your video systems. The software provides functions for your daily usage, such as image documentation, image annotation, measurement and visual inspection. The software is very easy to use and provides a low cost solution to improve your productivity.
The software can acquires and display live images from different interfaces, such as frame grabber, FireWire (IEEE 1394), CameraLink and USB2. It also can acquires images from DirectShow, files and clipboard. The software reads and writes images in many file formats and handles standard size to large size of images. You can view, analyze, process or measure the image. You can compare archived images to a live image or other archived images in split screen, overlay and blink modes facilitating rapid comparison between a “known standard” and an image to be inspected. Then you can save, print or output image, or image with graphical results or annotation.
The software uses advanced edge detection technology and gives you sub-pixel accuracy for your measurement. If the edge detection is enabled, you do not need to select a point exactly on the edge. The software will automatically search the edge for you and will deliver fast, reliable and repeatable measurement results. The measurement points and results can be shown on the image as annotation. You can format measurement results and send them to spreadsheet in real-time. The calibration is simple, easy and automatic.
The software works with 32 bit / 64 bit Windows 7 . It takes advantage of the latest operating systems, and provides a familiar, graphical environment. It is used for product inspection, quality control, training, class room or laboratory applications.
• Support Digital Camera or Frame Grabber for Live Display, Measurement and Annotation
• Image Processing and Comparison
• Handle Large Size of color or monochrome Images
• Save Images with Annotation in many popular formats
• Automatic Sub-pixel Edge Detection
• High Precision Measurement
• Flexible Data Formatting
• Real Time Data to Spreadsheet
• Direct DRO Measurement
• Built In Comparison Patterns.
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Why aren't shadows parallel in the Moon photos?
Some photographs taken during the Moon landings show shadows that are converging. Conspiracy theorists argue that, since light rays from the sun are parallel, any shadows cast by the Sun should also be parallel. Shadows that are not parallel are said to be caused by studio lighting, either by a light source which is relatively close and/or by multiple light sources.
The truth is that converging shadows are a well-know optical phenomena in photography. There is nothing mysterious about it, in fact you can easily replicate this effect yourself as per the example below.
This effect is caused by several factors including perspective and the way the surface is inclined relative to the camera and light source.
If this is not proof enough, there are two more points to note:
- A light source placed close to the objects would not create converging shadows - it would create diverging shadows.
- Multiple light sources create multiple shadows. We do not see this in the Apollo photos.
>> Back to the Moon Hoax FAQ
Author: Dave Owen.


Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Remote Sensing
Within the College of Sciences and Engineering, School of Technology, Environments and Design (STED), the TerraLuma Project aims to develop tools and algorithms for environmental remote sensing applications with unmanned aircraft systems (UAS, also known as drones).
The Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Remote sensing plays a key role within the TerraLuma Research Group, responsible for undertaking high quality research within the Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Project 'Ultrahigh-resolution and remote sensing for assessing biodiversity hotspots'. This role will focus on the analysis of hyperspectral UAS data for mapping of functional plant traits, developing advanced techniques for interpreting data from ultrahigh-resolution remote sensing in Australian forested ecosystems. In addition, the Postdoctoral Research Fellow will have a unique opportunity to contribute to an ARC Linkage project "Advancing remote sensing with a world-first High Altitude Pseudo Satellite (HAPS)". This project aims to develop and test a high-performance hyperspectral imaging instrument for a solar-powered, long-endurance, stratospheric UAS platform. This platform is intended to be used for multi-week missions. Hyperspectral imaging capabilities on such a platform would fill a gap in current airborne and spaceborne earth observation capabilities. We are looking for applicants who have demonstrated experience and a good research track record in hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation.
To be successful in the role, your application will need to demonstrate;
This position is being offered at either Level A, or Level B based on qualifications, skills and experience, and will have a total remuneration package of up to $133,842 comprising base salary within the range of $71,443 to $114,395 plus 17% superannuation.
How to Apply
Applications close Friday, 27 March 2020, 11.55pm
You must have the right to live and work in this location to apply for this job.


FORENSOR is participating in SRE 2018
The prototype will be presented at the “Fight Against Crime & Terrorism” Exhibition. FORENSOR is contributing with two main innovations:
- a CMOS imaging sensor with embedded intelligence (the Vision chip) to filter out irrelevant events (i.e. repeated motion) and detect only moving objects of interest, such as vehicles;
- an intelligent vision sensor, based on the vision chip, which supports advanced algorithms, communications, etc. that can identify higher level interest events.
In other words, FORENSOR can operate most of the time in a low power sus state and be woken up by the vision chip for further processing only when a significant object has been detected.


Wanna hear some great news? Using Chemistrie Color lenses for Color Vision Deficiency (CVD), your colorblind patients can access the latest in lens technology. Wanna hear even better news? Our made-to-order fitovers are an affordable, quick way to get these lenses into your patients’ hands.
Need colorblind lenses in a different fit type? Let us know. Chadwick Optical, can make CVD fitovers in other styles, clip-ons, and plano lenses.
Developed using AI-driven technology, Chemistrie Color lenses assist with the perception of color in those with color vision deficiency (CVD). Instead of relying on heavy red or pink tinted lenses, Chemistrie Color lenses enhance genuine color vision. Patients experience the truest possible discernment of color.
Red lenses rely on heavy tinting that helps patients distinguish colors but also shifts their entire color spectrum so everything has a red hue. Chemistrie Color lenses are modified in the specific part of the visible light spectrum where patients with CVD are deficient. With Chemistrie Color lenses, patients can see truer color. White remains white and no colors are artificially darkened.
AVAILABLE CVD FITOVER SHADES
- A – Indoor: for patients who will use the lens mostly indoors
- B – Outdoor Moderate: for patients who are light sensitive indoors or want a lighter outdoor tint
- C – Outdoor Severe: for patients who want an outdoor lens and suffer from light sensitivity
Fitovers are a convenient option for patients who use prescription glasses but don’t need to wear a medical tint full-time. Fitover options may be right for your patients if they:
- Want colorblind lenses as fast as possible
- Wear multiple pairs of glasses and need a solution that works with all frames
- Prefer fitovers to clip-ons
- Need the most affordable option
- Can’t or don’t want to send their frames in for clip-ons to be made
If you need assistance finding the right frames, determining if a fitover model is available, or what tint is best for your patient, give us a shout. We’re happy to help you in any way that we can.Contact Us


Optical Viewfinder VF-1 for use with the 17mm Micro Four Thirds pancake lens. This externally attached optical viewfinder approximates the view of the pancake lens. It uses a bright 17mm frame to enable comfortable picture composition.
Note: When in use with the E-PL1 or E-PL2 the image in the viewfinder will be off center due to the postioning of the hot shoe on the camera.
- Bright-line optical viewfinder mounts on the hotshoe
- Multi-coated glass lens element construction
- Available in silver


Creating New Measurement Devices Using Polarization ? from Inspecting Semiconductors to the Detection of Planets outside the Solar System.
Kazuhiko Oka , Associate Professor,
Faculty of Engineering / Graduate School of Engineering (School of Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Engineering, Applied Physics and Engineering Course)
High school : Niigata Prefectural Takada High School
Academic background : Masters from the University of Tokyo
- Research areas
- optical engineering, optical physics
- Research keywords
- polarization, compact polarimeter, optical vortex
What is the subject of your research?
We learn in high school that light is a wave. However, none of us have ever actually seen the vibration of light. This is because light waves vibrate so rapidly that humans are not able to directly observe it. As a matter of fact, the “invisible waves” of light possess a range of properties that are very different to the waves that we would imagine. For example, Photo 1 shows some words on paper viewed through a crystal known as calcite. You can see that the image is doubled. In addition, if you place a polarizer over this calcite and rotate it, the two images alternatively fade in and out. “Polarization” is a property of waves relating to the difference in the direction of vibration, but it also relates to the creation of a double image. One further thing – this phenomenon does not even fulfill Snell’s law.
Photo 1 Strange light waves: double image made by calcite.
In high school physics we learn only the basic, albeit the ideal, situation regarding light waves, which are characterized as being similar to water and sound waves (this is important in itself). However, if we look at the properties of light waves in non-ideal conditions, we see that they possess some strange but fascinating properties. The purpose of my research is to use these strange properties of light waves to create useful devices. In particular, I have recently developed several devices using polarization.
Research project 1: Creating a super-compact polarimeter
Polarization is invisible, so you probably don’t realize it exists, but it has recently been used in a wide range of areas. Items immediately around you that use polarization include LCD TVs, 3D TVs, mobile phones, CDs/DVDs and fiber optic Internet connections. Furthermore, devices used in factories for precise inspection of semiconductors and solar cells, and devices used in hospitals to examine eye diseases, sometimes use polarization. Devices that use polarization in this way are increasing rapidly around us. In order to apply this technology even more, it is vital to be able to accurately and efficiently measure polarization. One of the themes of my research is the development of new polarimeters to meet this demand.
Up until recently, the measurement of polarization was mainly done by use of a motor that rotates a polarizing element; the polarization is determined from the changes in the brightness of the transmitted light. This principle is based on basic and easily understandable polarization theory, but the use of a motor limits the size and the performance of the measurement system. In contrast, we used the peculiar polarizing properties of calcite to develop an entirely new polarization measurement method that does not require a motor. This method makes it possible, for example, to build a semiconductor inspection device that fits in the palm of the hand, as in Photo 2. Conventional inspection devices were the size of a copier machine, but we were able to reduce the size significantly. In addition, as shown in Photo 3, we are now prototyping a compact polarimeter that is the size of a pencil. In the future, we would like to build even smaller polarimeters so that we may be able to examine the inside of the human body. We know that cancer and myocardial infarction cells have specific polarization attributes, and the technology of the future is expected to lead to new methods regarding their diagnosis and treatment.
Photo 2 Semiconductor inspection device that fits in the palm of the hand. Conventional devices were the size of a copier machine.
Research project 2: Searching for aliens with a helical beam
Another one of our research themes is about “optical vortex”; this is light with a helical wavefront like that shown in Fig. 1. This light possesses several interesting properties. For example, the center of the light beam is completely dark as shown in Fig. 2, and the light has torque to rotate microscopic particles.
Fig. 3 Astronomical instrumentation used for detection of planets orbiting stars other than our Sun.
We are engaged in research into how optical vortices are formed using a special polarization device, and we’re also thinking a lot about various applications of optical vortices. For example, this technology has been combined with an astronomical telescope to search for “exoplanets” orbiting stars other than our Sun. By making use of optical vortex, it is possible to extinguish the light from a bright star so that we can detect the light from faint exoplanets (Fig. 3). We may be able to find life in extrasolar system in this way.
Fig. 1 Helical wavefront of an optical vortex.
Fig. 2 Distribution of optical intensity in cross-section of optical vortex. The center has a zero intensity.


Real-Time Computer Vision
Our work in real-time computer vision applications is based on distributed cameras. By using distributed cameras, traditional problems confronted when using a single camera such as occlusion, disappearance and reappearance of objects, and recovery of 3D motion trajectories of small objects, can be conveniently addressed. The Maryland CPU-GPU cluster is well suited for the highly parallel task of video processing and the tiled display wall enables novel means of visualizing the results.
Flexiview - A 4D Video Surveillance System
Corporate Collaborators:Art Pope and Tom Strat (SET Corporation)
Graduate Students:Aniruddha Kembhavi, Kaushik Mitra, Rob Patro, Aswin Sankaranarayanan, and Roman Stanchak
Undergraduate Students:John Dickerson
The 3D model and individual video feeds visualized on tiled display
Video surveillance systems are currently limited by the location, orientation, and resolution of the cameras that comprise the system. However, it may be possible to allow the remote observer to view the scene from any vantage point, regardless of where the cameras happen to have been placed. That is, each remote viewer could direct the video stream as if he had complete control of the camera placement -- he could direct the placement of a virtual camera and move it about at will, to obtain the vantage point that best allows him to observe what is most important to him.
FlexiView is a design to fulfill this vision of 4D visualization. The output of multiple video cameras is analyzed to produce a 4D model -- one that captures the full 3-dimensional shape of all scene entities (people, buildings, vehicles, etc.) as well as the dynamics (movement and motions) of all objects in the scene. With that 4D model, novel views of the scene can be synthesized that give the illusion of what would be seen had there actually been a video camera placed at the virtualized location. The remote observer can control this 4D visualization as if he had a 4D version of a TiVo DVR -- he can stop, reverse action, and review in slow motion, but he can also move the camera position and orientation in 3-space, to view the action from novel vantage points.
The technology to support this fully does not exist, but significant research advances have been made that may be combined to allow construction of a reasonable prototype. In particular, structure-from-motion, moving object detection and tracking and image-based rendering techniques provide the foundation upon which to build the 4D visualization FlexiView system. The ultimate goal of this endeavor is to design and demonstrate a prototype of a fully automated system that can accept multiple unconstrained video streams (airborne, ground-based and hand-held) and build the required 4D models and render the scene at the will of the user.
The current prototype places a number of important components of this ultimate goal in place. Using video captured from both fixed and hand held cameras we have been able to determine the 3D position of up to 10 humans on a parking lot plane. Activity analysis of the video is then used to classify the humans' actions into 1 of 8 categories. Finally, we automatically build an appearance model of each human based on the color and texture of their clothing. The resulting 4D spatio-temporal model is then rendered using the OpenSG scene graph library, which seamlessly scales the visualization anywhere from a PDA screen to the tiled display wall of the CPU-GPU cluster.


Sunita Singh and G. Sridar
Laser & Plasma Technology Division
B.A.R.C., Trombay, Mumbai
A tunable, narrow-band CW dye
oscillator pumped by a commercial Argon ion laser has been indigenously
developed at the Laser and Plasma Technology Division, BARC.
The schematic of the standing wave CW dye laser that utilizes
a three-mirror non-collinear folded cavity is shown in Fig.1.
Mirror M1 (Rc = 50mm, R>99%) and M3 (Rc = , R=96%) form the end mirror and the output coupler respectively whereas, mirror M2 (Rc = 75mm) constitutes the folding mirror in the resonator cavity. A low divergence (10.5mR) commercial Argon ion laser (6W all lines) was
used to pump the CW dye laser
oscillator. The pump beam was focused into a tiny spot of diameter
~10 m in the dye gain medium with a fourth mirror M4
(Rc = 75mm). The gain medium was in the form of a thin
horizontal laminar sheet of free flowing dye jet stream with a
high velocity of 15 m/s. The jet stream is preferred over conventional
dye cells with windows as the tightly focused pump beam can produce
high enough intensities causing optical damage of the windows.
The dye jet nozzles are indigenously designed  and generate
an optical quality laminar flow of Rh6G dye dissolved in viscous
solvent ethylene glycol.
Lasing action in the CW dye
laser was achieved by initially focussing the Argon beam into
the horizontal fast flowing dye jet as mentioned above. The moderate
power beam from the CW pump laser must be focused very tightly
concentrating its power in a small volume, to reach laser threshold.
The upper laser level has a lifetime of few nanoseconds so high
power density is needed to reach threshold. In pulsed lasers
short pump pulses with high peak powers make the dye laser a high
gain system that can tolerate high cavity loss. However, the CW
pumped dye laser remains a low gain system that requires low cavity
loss. The intracavity losses were minimized by positioning the
dye jet at Brewster angle. Careful alignment of the folding mirror,
the pump mirror and end mirror was done. (The size of the fluorescent
spots of the dye jet focused by the folding mirror and end mirror
were minimized and coincided). The threshold pump power was 0.5W
(power density=600 kW/cm2) at which the lasing action
The wavelength selective element
used for tuning was a three- plate Birefringent filter. It consists
of a crystalline quartz plate cut parallel to the optic axis.
It is positioned at Brewster angle inside the cavity. Tuning
is achieved by rotating the plate around an axis normal to the
plate. The Birefringent filter changes polarization to an extent
dependent on wavelength. If the cavity allows oscillation only
of the linearly polarized light, the laser can oscillate only
at the wavelength at which the Briefringent filter transmits linearly
polarized light. The laser was tunable over the wavelength range
567 - 632nm (Rh6G conc = 1g/L). Efficiency defined as the ratio
of output power to input power was measured at the peak of the
tuning curve to be 15% with Birefringent filter. At 5.5 W of
multiline blue-green pump power, the output power measured was
The output of the broad band
CW dye laser is a group of discrete frequencies whose envelope
has an effective linewidth. The linewidth of the CW dye laser
consisting of 3- plate Birefringent tuner was measured to be ~20
GHz using a Fabry-Perot etalon of FSR ~100 GHz. The broad line
width of ~20 GHz was frequency narrowed by inserting a pair of
thin solid etalons in the CW dye laser cavity. The subsequent
linewidth measurements were done with a Spectrum Analyser (FSR=7.5
GHz, F=240) interfaced to the computer. A software program "SPECMASTER"
enabled an on-line display of the frequency spectrum on the monitor.
The results obtained show a linewidth of 400 MHz for etalons
of thickness 0.5mm and 10mm and the output power of 200 mW was
 T.W.Hansh, I.S.Shahin, A.L.Schawlow : Nature 253, 63 (1972).
 R.V.Ambartzumian, V.S.Letokhov, Appl. Optcs, 11, 354 (1972).
 V.S.Letokhov : Science 180, 451 (1973).
 S.Singh, R.Khare, L.G.Nair,
U.K.Chatterjee Proc. NLS, BARC, (Jan 17-19, 1996).


Oil Spill Monitoring
USV Tupan can be integrated with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to form an autonomous system capable of detecting oil at the surface. The integrated system uses visual data to identify the oil and also collects metocean data to feed an oil dispersion model.
We are developing such a system through the ARIEL R&D project in partnership with Repsol Sinopec and financed by ANP.
This project consists of the development and integration of two autonomous systems: USV and UAV. The integrated system allows continuous monitoring and detection of oil spills at sea. In addition, the integration of metocean sensors allows it to integrate with existing oil dispersion models, providing forecasts. The USV and the UAV will work autonomously and collaboratively.
Offshore construction support


Have you ever wondered what kind of lens is best for underwater photography? In this article, we’ll be comparing fisheye lenses and rectilinear lenses to help you make the best decision for your needs!
The difference between fisheye and rectilinear lenses
There are two main types of lenses used for underwater photography: fisheye and rectilinear. Fisheye lenses have a very wide field of view, while rectilinear lenses have a more narrow field of view.
Each type of lens has its own advantages and disadvantages. Fisheye lenses are great for capturing wide angle shots, but they can distort straight lines. Rectilinear lenses don’t have this problem, but they can’t capture as much of the scene.
So which type of lens is best for underwater photography? It really depends on the situation and what you’re trying to capture. If you’re shooting a wide angle shot, then a fisheye lens is probably your best bet. But if you’re shooting something that requires straight lines, like a shipwreck, then a rectilinear lens is probably your best choice.
The pros and cons of each type of lens
When it comes to lenses for underwater photography, there are two main types: fisheye and rectilinear. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it’s important to know which one is right for your needs.
Fisheye lenses have a very wide field of view, making them great for capturing large subjects or wide vistas. They can also be used to create interesting distortions and effects. However, because of their extreme curvature, they can be difficult to keep in focus, and straight lines often appear curved in fisheye images.
Rectilinear lenses are more like traditional camera lenses, with a narrower field of view. This makes them better suited for close-up shots or images with complex compositions. They don’t distort straight lines like fisheye lenses do, but they can suffer from “comma” distortion at the edges of the frame.
So, which type of lens is right for you? It really depends on what you want to photograph and your personal preferences. If you’re just starting out, a fisheye lens can be a great way to experiment and have some fun with underwater photography.
What type of photography is each lens best suited for?
Both fisheye and rectilinear lenses have their pros and cons when it comes to underwater photography.
Fisheye lenses have a very wide field of view, which is great for capturing large schools of fish or coral reefs. However, the trade-off is that objects in the center of the frame can appear distorted.
Rectilinear lenses don’t have this problem, but they don’t provide as wide of a field of view. So, it really depends on what type of underwater photography you’re interested in as to which lens is best suited for you.
How to choose the right lens for your needs
When it comes to underwater photography, you have two main choices for lenses – fisheye and rectilinear. So, which one is right for you? Here’s a quick rundown of the pros and cons of each type of lens to help you make your decision:
Fisheye lenses are great for capturing wide-angle shots and can be incredibly useful for getting close-up shots of small subjects. They also have the added benefit of being able to correct for distortion, which can be a common issue with underwater photos. However, fisheye lenses can be more difficult to use than rectilinear lenses and can produce some distorted images if used incorrectly.
Rectilinear lenses are ideal for taking photos of larger subjects, such as reefs or shipwrecks. They don’t suffer from the same level of distortion as fisheye lenses, making them easier to use. However, they don’t offer the same wide-angle capabilities as fisheye lenses, so you may need to use several rectilinear lenses to get the shot you want.
There is no clear winner when it comes to fisheye lens vs. rectilinear lens for underwater photography. It really depends on your personal preferences and what you want to achieve with your photos.
If you’re looking for creative and unique shots, then a fisheye lens might be the way to go. If you’re more interested in capturing accurate images of fish and other underwater creatures, then a rectilinear lens would be a better option. Ultimately, it’s up to you to decide which type of lens is right for your needs.


Introducing the world's first patent-pending subsea UVC (USB video class) camera; boasting almost 2 Million Pixels with an HD Global Shutter sensor, pushing an immense amount of 60FPS data, all through a simple USB interface that works with any computer.
Along with the camera, we are introducing the first-of-its kind technology, PrecisionSync™; used for synchronizing video frames between multiple devices. Achieve microsecond level accuracy between a multitude of daisy-chained devices.
Another innovation, that has been over a year in the making, is our custom brand new 7-element optics, Aquagon™. Our custom blend of optics, which took thousands of hours to simulate, test, and refine, effectively minimizes distortion, chromatic aberration, increases sharpness and field-of-view (FOV). The result is an image that makes the effects of water and refraction virtually invisible.
This high-accuracy technology is absolutely essential for enabling so many high-accuracy underwater technologies:
- Stereo Vision
- 360° Video (VR/AR/XR applications)
- Underwater Motion Capture/Pose Estimation
- 3D Reconstruction
- Real-Time Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)
- Autonomous Navigation
- Machine Learning (ML/AI) models
All of this, in a plug-and-play package that fits in the palm of your hands. Requires absolutely no external drivers, no special code, and no special hardware.
Option it with an impressive 1,000 meters or 6,000 meters underwater-depth rating.
This camera is built from the ground up with our customers in mind. Equipped with a modern Global Shutter sensor for incredible image clarity, colors, and sharpness. See visibly less noise than any other camera with our proprietary circuit design.


New Microscopes & Equipment
Southern Microscope is pleased to offer a variety of Microscopes from Olympus & Accu-Scope as well as the Excelis HD Camera. We know that at some point, you may need to replace your equipment. We take pride in offering high-quality, new models to satisfy our clients. On request, we will sell parts, upgrades, or lighting sets, if we have them in our stock. Simply send us a request and we will do our best to fill it!
The Olympus CX33
The Olympus CX33 microscope comes standard with a trinocular head and plan achromat objectives. The microscope is designed with ergonomic user-friendly features and functions. The LED illumination eliminates the need to ever change a bulb!
The Olympus CX23
The Olympus CX23 model is easy to use and offers outstanding optical performance with a large 20mm field of view. The LED light source provides stable long-term illumination. This microscope is ideal for education or laboratories.
The Accu-scope 3000-LED
The Accu-scope 3000-LED Microscope Series delivers outstanding optical performance, value, and resolution to meet the exacting standards of life science professionals and students.
The Accu-scope EXC-120
The Accu-scope EXC-120 Series delivers exceptional value and performance for an entry-level clinical microscope.
Excelis 4K UHD Microscopy Camera
The new Excelis 4K, 8MP CMOS color microscopy camera delivers exceptional color images with exceptional resolution.
- HDMI, USB 3.0, and Ethernet triple functionality!
- Built-in software—No PC required!
- CaptaVision+ Imaging Software
We Also Carry Refurbished Equipments!
Besides New Equipment, we also carry Refurbished Equipment. Contact Us to get a complete list of refursbished equipment.


Terahertz radiation – also known as submillimeter radiation, terahertz waves, tremendously high frequency (THF), T-rays, T-waves, T-light, T-lux or THz – consists of electromagnetic waves within the ITU-designated band of frequencies from 0.3 to 3 terahertz (THz), although the upper boundary is somewhat arbitrary and is considered by some sources as 30 THz. One terahertz is 10^12 Hz or 1000 GHz. Wavelengths of radiation in the terahertz band correspondingly range from 1 mm to 0.01 mm. Because terahertz radiation begins at a wavelength of around one millimeter and proceeds into shorter wavelengths, it is sometimes known as the submillimeter band, and its radiation as submillimeter waves, especially in astronomy. This band of electromagnetic radiation can be regarded either as microwave or far infrared.
We have fixed wavelength as well as tunable THZ sources.


In stereo vision, 3D information about a scene can be extracted by comparing two images taken from different viewpoints. The main idea behind using a camera pair for measuring depth is the fact that object points appear at different positions in the two camera images depending on their distance from the camera pair. Very distant object points appear at approximately the same position in both images, whereas very close object points occupy different positions in the left and right camera image. The object points’ displacement in the two images is called disparity. The larger the disparity, the closer the object is to the camera. The principle is illustrated in Fig. 16.
Stereo vision is a form of passive sensing, meaning that it emits neither light nor other signals to measure distances, but uses only light that the environment emits or reflects. Thus, the Roboception products utilizing this sensing principle can work indoors and outdoors and multiple devices can work together without interferences.
To compute the 3D information, the stereo matching algorithm must be able to find corresponding object points in the left and right camera images. For this, the algorithm requires texture, meaning changes in image intensity values due to patterns or the objects’ surface structure, in the images. Stereo matching is not possible for completely untextured regions, such as a flat white wall without any visible surface structure. The stereo matching method used by the rc_visard is SGM (Semi-Global Matching), which provides the best trade-off between runtime and accuracy, even for fine structures.
The following software modules are required to compute 3D information:
- Camera: This module is responsible for capturing synchronized image pairs and transforming them into images approaching those taken by an ideal camera (rectification).
- Stereo matching: This module computes disparities for the rectified stereo image pair using SGM.
For stereo matching, the position and orientation of the left and right cameras relative to each other has to be known with very high accuracy. This is achieved by calibration. The rc_visard’s cameras are pre-calibrated during production. However, if the rc_visard has been decalibrated, during transport for example, then the user has to recalibrate the stereo camera:
- Camera calibration: This module enables the user to recalibrate the rc_visard’s stereo camera.


AvL Flood Light series has a widespread and versatile use for parking lots, storehouses, playgrounds and stadiums. LED technology characteristically allows for selective lighting and projected illumination. This translates to a minimum of 50% savings while increasing the effectiveness of the lighting output.
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