2 edition of First European Conference on Optical Fibre Communication, 16-18 September 1975 found in the catalog.
First European Conference on Optical Fibre Communication, 16-18 September 1975
European Conference on Optical Fibre Communication London 1975.
Includes bibliographical references.
|Statement||organised by the Electronics Division of the Institution of Electrical Engineers in association with the European Physical Society ... [et al.].|
|Series||IEE conference publication ; no. 132|
|Contributions||Institution of Electrical Engineers. Electronics Division., European Physical Society.|
|LC Classifications||TK5103.59 .E88 1975|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||xi, 209 p. :|
|Number of Pages||209|
|LC Control Number||76354294|
Cannes, France September IEEE Catalog Number: ISBN: CFPPOD European Conference on Optical CommunicationFile Size: KB. The 39th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication ECOC will be the largest optical communication event in Europe for and will provide a forum for new results and developments. Technical Scope: Sub committee 1 - Fibres, Fibre .
Title Conference on Optical Fiber Communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference Desc:Proceedings of a meeting held February , San Diego, California. Prod#:CFP08OFC-POD ISBN Pages:3, (8 Vols) Format:Softcover Notes: Authorized distributor of all IEEE proceedings TOC:View Table of Contents Publ:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . "A novel optical fibre telemetry highway", Presented at the 1st European Conference on Optical Fibre Communication, September , London, England, IEE Conference .
Since the discovery of photosensitivity in optical fibers there has been great interest in the fabrication of Bragg gratings within the core of a fiber. The ability to inscribe intracore Bragg gratings in these photosensitive fibers has revolutionized the field of telecommunications and optical fiber based sensor technology. Over the last few years, the number of researchers investigating Cited by: On behalf of the International Cooperative of Plastic Optical Fibers (ICPOF) we are pleased to announce the 26 th International Conference on Plastic Optical Fibres, POF, to be held at the picturesque city of Aveiro, Portugal, from 13 to 15 of September. The conference is the leading event in POF research, application and industrial activities, where scientists and engineers from both.
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European Conference on Optical Fibre Communication, 1st, London, England, September, Proceedings Abstract The papers deal with recent developments in the design of optical fibers and optical communications systems.
This year the event comes to London, taking place at the ICC London ExCeL from 23 to 25 September (conference from 22 to 26 September) and will once again provide an unrivalled opportunity for manufacturers, suppliers and service providers of optical communications products and services to come 16-18 September 1975 book to meet and network with top decision-makers from across the industry.
The 45th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC ) offers the chance to hear about the latest advances in optical communication technologies.
The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) is the largest conference on optical communication in Europe and one of the largest and most prestigious events in this field worldwide. In September the 42nd edition of ECOC w llitake place in. The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) is the largest conference on optical communication in Europe and one of the largest and most prestigious events in this field worldwide.
In September the 42nd edition of ECOC will take place in File Size: KB. Thursday 26 September Room A Room B Room C Room D Room E Room F ThA Optical Packet /Burst Switching I ThB Lasers ThC Subsystems for SDM ThD Coherent Systems Modeling ThE Spectrum Allocation and Defragmentation ThF Short Range Systems Coffee Break ThA Optical Packet /Burst Switching II ThB Devices for Optical Processing.
Welcome to the Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibition On behalf of the many volunteers and professionals organizing OFCit is our sincere pleasure to welcome you to Anaheim.
OFC is the foremost meeting in optical communica-tions and networking, and this year’s conference continues the tradition of providing an. 8–12 March San Diego, California, United States sessions, papers 3–7 March San Diego, California, United States sessions, papers 11–15 March San Diego, California, United States sessions, papers 19–23 March Los Angeles, California, United States.
5th International Conference on Optical Communication Systems. 08 September to 10 September Connected Britain. London, UK. 23 September to 24 September A look at building future-ready terrestrial networks with hybrid optical fibre cables, with Sergei Makovejs and Matthew Guinan.
FTTH, FTTx. Various optical fiber modes are explained in fig 2. Fig Methods of Optical Fiber  III. EVOLUTION OF FIBER OPTICS COMMUNICATION: Inoptical fiber was 1st urban by Corning Glass Works.
at the same time, GaAs semiconductor lasers were conjointly established for transferring lightweight by fiber optic cables. In the 1st. European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication inexplore presented research, speakers and authors of ECOC The International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS), established inis acknowledged as the world’s leading conference on all topics related to photonic sensing technologies.
OFS provides a forum for reporting and exchanging ideas on the latest advances in research and development on fiber-optic and photonic sensing. 44 th EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION. Roma, Italy SeptemberEternally Rome - Play. Conference Photo & Video. Submission System.
The Recent Trends in Fibre Optic Communication Eng. ISSA OBAID ALORF The first telephone service via optical was developed by AT&T in and the first transatlantic telecommunication (TAT) fibre optic communication cable TAT-8 was deployed. The erbium doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) was developed in the University of Southampton and TAT IEEE Catalog Number: ISBN: CFP16OFC-POD Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC ) Anaheim, California, USA.
Optical Fiber Communication Conference Optical Fiber Communication Conference Postdeadline Papers 20–22 MarchAnaheim, California, United States papers in sessions Change year: We would like to welcome you to Berlin. In Berlin will be the European capital of optical communica-tions. Afterthe European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications will be held again in Berlin on September 16 to 20, This 33rd edition will provide another record number of participants and.
The United Kingdom played a major role in starting the present worldwide activity on optical fibre communications with the publication in of the paper by Kao and Hockham (1) First European Conference on Optical Communications, London, September,Pub: IEE, London ().Author: J.
Midwinter. Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/ NFOEC ), San Diego, CA, USA, Febp. OWR2 S. Jung, J. Gao, CMOS Multi-level signal transmitter for optical communication, in The 47th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol.
2, Julypp. II–II. Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of infrared light through an optical light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information.
Fiber is preferred over electrical cabling when high bandwidth, long distance, or immunity to electromagnetic interference are required.Abstract. On the basis of European ist project results in the field of photonics, the optimist thematic network has produced a roadmap for optical communications.
This work is described in the present article which provides scenarios for the evolution of the optical network in the coming 10 by: 3.The OFC Conference is indisputably the world's leading global conference and exposition for optical communications and networking professionals.
Attend OFC and be part of the event that brings together the people, products, and information that drive optical communications and networking.


Browning Pro Hunter RGB [NFS]
Browning Pro Hunter RGB. 5 1/8" overall. Black polymer construction. Gray finish aluminum bezel. O-ring sealed. Long distance white LED with 30 lumen output is visible up to 25m. Long distance plus wide angle white LED's with up to 40 lumen output are visible up to 25m. Red- blue-green LED for stealth and improved night-vision has 3-4 lumen output and is visible 8-12m. Battery life is 25 hours for long distance plus wide beam white LED's, 30 hours for long distance white LED and 40 hours for red, blue, green LED. Uses three AAA batteries (not included). Hang packaged.


Finally, after months and months of survey, I'd made my decision and purchased this toy two weeks ago.
I'd been using Canon SLR since teenage. When digital photography started to bloom in the market 10 years ago, i shifted to Sony cybershot, a compact and simple digital camera. And a few years later, I switched back to SLR camera and purchased my first DSLR Sony alpha 100. But then, Canon I'm still very much attached to Canon cameras, thus prompted me to buy this beautiful baby, Canon 50D.
I bought two lenses. One Sigma 70-300mm telelens with macro function at 200-300, meaning to say, macro shots are possible at close range when switched to 200~300mm. I'm excited.
I opted for the 18-200mm kit lens, due to it's flexibility and reliability. Now I don't have to change my lens everytime i need to snap shots of different ranges. This lens come with Image Stabilizer, capable of stabilizing lens to capture photos at low light to avoid blurriness.
And of course, a good camera can't go without a good camera bag, and a good flash. I got myself a sling camera bag. The external flash is cool!
Looking forward to have free time to try out this toy! Jom jom!


The Cone Beam computerized tomography system (CBCT) is used worldwide by medical and dental professionals. The purpose of this system is to correct distortions in the orientation of the tomographic images obtained so that the diagnosis and treatment plan is determined with greater precision.
Objective: Integrate 3D imaging to the protocol study and treatment planning for orthognatic patients.
Materials and method: 3D images taken with a Kodak 9500D Cone Beam with the patient in natural head position. Image size calibration spheres were used but no facial support was needed. Radio-opaque spheres transferred the true horizontal that was determined clinically for each patient just before the image was taken.
Conclusion: It is possible to obtain 3D images that are correctly oriented, calibrated and that accurately reproduce a spacial reference such as the true horizontal, as well as not altering the soft tissues, with is necessary in order to integrate these images with the clinical photographs of the patient.
Conflict of interest: None declared.


About this item
- Newly developed High Image Quality 32.5 megapixels APS-C sized CMOS sensor
- DIGIC X Image Processor with a native ISO range of 100-32000, expandable to 51200(1)
- Dual Pixel CMOS AF II covering approximately 100% width and height(2) with up to 651 zones down to EV -5.0.
- High speed shooting 15fps mechanical(3,4), 30fps high speed electronic shutter(4,5) and RAW Burst Mode with ½ second pre-shooting.
- Subject tracking inherited from the R3 with people, animal(6), and vehicle detection


23442 - Durette®* plastic goggles
NOT FOR USE WITH LASER, FLASH LAMP or IPL. Like the Durette® III, but all in plastic. Durette®* plastic goggles Aestek® The black eye shields provide a wider range of coverage than the white or BLACK eye cups.
Can be used with:
Light that is usually created by fluorescent lamps, bright LEDs or diachronic filament bulbs. VISIBLE VIOLET LIGHT IN THE RANGE OF 405-420. Light therapy for skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema which use UVA or UVB PHOTOTHERAPY. PUVA TREATMENT. LIGHT THERAPY FOR RED and near infrared LEDs. Photodynamic Therapy lamps. Optimized, narrowband light via a matrix of LEDs. Narrowband Light emitting Diodes (LEDs).
NOT FOR USE WITH LASER, FLASH LAMP or IPL. Like the Durette® III, but all in plastic. Durette®* plastic goggles Aestek®
Not for laser use.
. Both the nasal and temporal pieces can be moved away from area to be treated, without affecting proper shields' position.
. Black or white plastic small external patient goggles with mobile clear plastic attachments.
. Black goggles comes with a black elastic and white goggles comes with a white elastic.
THE BLACK EYE SHIELDS PROVIDE A WIDER RANGE OF COVERAGE THAN THE WHITE. For BLACK eye cups: OD +5 @ 190-2575 nm, OD +4 @ 2576-3000 nm
THEY SHOULD NOT BE USED WITH LASERS THAT IRRADIATE A COHERENT LIGHT BEAM (spectral irradiance of any wavelength) OR ANY FLASH LAMP OR IPL SYSTEM THAT operates in burst modes that comprise multiple trains of pulses. THEY SHOULD NOT BE USED with high-power, spectral irradiance in the UVB and UVA wavebands or any other spectral irradiance energy or light source. (*US & International patent pending) Ball and socket design.


Precision Cutting Made Effortless: The Power of Fiber Laser Cutting Machines
In today’s world, precision and speed are key factors in manufacturing. The demand for high-quality products has never been higher, and this is where fiber laser cutting machines come into play.
In this blog, we’ll explore the power of fiber laser cutting machines and how they make precision cuts easy. We will also discuss their advantages over traditional cutting methods and the industries that can benefit from them.
The Basics of Fiber Laser Cutting Machines
A fiber laser cutting machine is a CNC laser cutting machine that uses a fiber laser to cut materials. They are available in a variety of sizes and power levels to suit different needs. Fiber lasers are more energy efficient than other types of laser cutting machines, and they can cut a wide variety of materials, including metal, wood, plastic, and more.
Advantages of Fiber Laser Cutting Machines
Fiber laser cutting machines have many advantages over traditional laser cutting machines. They are faster, more precise and can cut a wider range of materials.
Fiber lasers are also more energy efficient than conventional lasers, meaning they can run longer without shutting down to cool down. This makes them ideal for industrial applications requiring continuous production.
Industries that Benefit from Fiber Laser Cutting Machines
There are many industries that can benefit from using a fiber laser cutting machine. Some of the most common industries that use these machines include:
How does Fiber Laser Cutting Machines are Revolutionizing Manufacturing?
Fiber laser cutting machines are revolutionizing manufacturing in several ways, including:
Faster production time: Fiber laser cutting machines can cut materials at a much faster rate than traditional cutting methods. This means manufacturers can produce products faster, reduce lead times and increase overall productivity.
Cost Savings: Fiber laser cutting machines are very efficient and can save costs for manufacturers. Businesses can save money in the manufacturing process by reducing scrap, lowering labor costs and increasing productivity.
Enhanced Quality Control: Fiber laser cutting machines offer exceptional precision, resulting in consistent, high-quality cuts. This ensures that the final product is of the highest quality, reducing the risk of defects and product recalls.
Increased design flexibility: With fiber laser cutting machines, manufacturers can easily cut complex shapes and designs. This increased design flexibility enables businesses to create unique products that stand out in the market.
Maintenance and Care for Fiber Laser Cutting Machines
Maintenance and care are critical to keeping your fiber laser cutting machine running at peak performance. Here are some tips for maintaining and maintaining these machines:
Regular Maintenance: Regular maintenance is crucial to the lifespan of your fiber laser cutting machine. Regular maintenance should include cleaning, inspection and replacement of parts as necessary. Manufacturers should refer to machine manuals for recommended maintenance schedules and procedures.
Lubrication: Proper lubrication is essential to the smooth operation of the machine. The machine’s manual will give instructions on how to lubricate the machine, and this should be done regularly to avoid damaging the machine.
Cleaning: The machine must be cleaned regularly to remove dust, debris and other contaminants that may affect machine performance. The machine’s manual will provide instructions on how to clean the machine, and it should be cleaned regularly to prevent damage.
Proper Use: The machine must be used correctly to prevent damage. Operators should be trained on how to use the machine properly and should follow all safety procedures.
Calibration: Periodic calibration is required to ensure the machine cuts accurately. The machine’s manual will provide instructions on how to calibrate the machine, and this should be done on a regular basis .
Troubleshooting: If there is any problem with the machine, it must be rectified immediately. Your machine’s manual will provide instructions on how to fix common problems.
Fiber laser cutting machines offer unrivaled precision, speed and efficiency when cutting a wide variety of materials, making precision cutting effortless. With these machines, industries as diverse as automotive, aerospace, medical, electronics, and signage can leverage their capabilities and revolutionize their manufacturing processes. If you have any questions about our products, please feel free to contact us at email@example.com.


Force360 FPR800AR Air Clear Anti Reflective
The Force360 Force Performance Range (FPR) of safety eyewear introduces the worlds lightest safety spectacle. The Force360 Airweighing in at only 16 grams, is so light you will forget you are wearing.
The EFPR800 Air Safety Spectacle now comes with an Anti Reflective (AR) coating option. Precise and focused vision is required in many applications like medical, dentistry, laboratory and even finished goods inspection work, where bright lights and reflecting work surfaces can produce distracting reflections that can hinder vision and the task being performed.
The AR coating found on the Force360 FPR800AR eliminates reflected light from entering the eye, allowing applications that require maximum clarity to be performed.
Certified medium impact rated protection to AS/NZS 1337.1:2010.
UV400 Polycarbonate lenses offer the wearer the best protection against UVA and UVB damaging rays. 100% protection is the standard across the entire Force360 FPR eyewear range.


Lots of features are being introduced in the world of DSLR Cameras these days. These are all part of the competition. But when DSLR cameras were introduced, two players dominated the industry – Canon and Nikon. Different models of Canon DSLRs and Nikon DSLR Cameras were introduced in the camera market and gave a tough competition to the other companies. This led to the introduction of some special features that sets the DSLR cameras a class apart. One such special feature is the Full Frame Sensors (Fx Format).
Full Frame Sensors Vs Crop Sensors
Crop Sensors are small sized sensors. Hence, when a lens intended for film camera is used in a Crop Sensor camera, the image projected by the lens on the sensor is cut off. One such camera is the Canon EOS 70D camera which is a APS-C crop sensor camera (Canon manufactures only one size of crop sensor called the APS-C sensor). There is no doubt that it is an excellent camera but it has less detail in images and when the light level drops, the noise level increases. When image quality is concerned, it is a bit at the lower side compared to full frame sensor DSLRs. (For more details on the specs, refer the Canon EOS 70D Manual). But there are other models in Canon like the 6D that have full frame sensors and produces lovely images but it is very expensive.
The difference in the size of the crop sensors is determined by the crop factor. If the crop factor is larger, the size of the sensor is smaller. One more point to keep in mind is that the crop sensor only crops the lens’ angle of view in its sides. It has nothing to do with the focal length.
Full Frame Cameras have zero crop factor. It means that their sensors that is almost the same size of 35 mm film. While DSLRs with small sensors crop part of the image projected by the lens, a full frame DSLR doesn’t crop the image and thus, in such cameras a 20mm lens still works as a 20mm lens giving a wider-angle picture.
Advantages of Using a Full Frame Sensor DSLR
Advantage 1: Full Frame DSLR cameras can use wide-angle lenses. This means that full frame DSLRs can capture landscapes and interiors in full view. Full Frame DSLRs are a boon to photographers who want to take a lot of wide-angle pictures.
Advantage 2: The full frame Sensor is larger than the Crop Sensor and hence, it is possible to capture large images with high quality.
The Pentax K-1 Full Frame Camera
The Pentax K-1 is a full frame camera with excellent value for money. Its extraordinary levels of manual control using the top plate combined with high resolution makes it a tough competitor to contend with. While companies like Canon, Nikon and Sony introduced their full frame cameras a decade back, Pentax has taken its own time in satisfying its loyal fans. Its features are quite impressive – the 36 million full frame sensors, with built-in 5 axis image stabilization helps in keeping the images sharp. The price is unexpectedly low when compared to the features it offers.
Full Frame are advantageous in a lot of aspects. But remember that they cost more.


Shaped like a flying saucer, Facebook unveiled their gorgeous 360-degree video camera that let anyone encourage to build their own camera since it will be accompanied by 17 camera array web-based software to capture 360 degree images and videos and render them automatically.
It encourages everyone who loves to capture images, or even their own self using this 360-degree design, from hobbyists to manufacturers.
The device includes 14 wide-angle cameras, plus one fish-eye camera on top and another two at the bottom. It allows to capture the surroundings without a pole holding the camera.
And what’s exciting with the device is that it can work with ‘many hours’ without overheating and can export videos of up to 8K resolution.
“There’s something about how high-quality the experience is that immediately makes you believe in 360 film,” said Chris Cox, chief product officer at Facebook.
Facebook claims that positioning Surround 360 is as the best designed camera of its kind.


Sabine Freisem, Ph.D.
Dr. Freisem focuses on identifying the future photonic sensors and sensor systems that should be pursued and supported by the consortium. This includes identifying the applications best leveraged by the materials and process platforms of the consortium, and working to recruit key industry members associated with these next generation products.
For the last nine years, Dr. Freisem has served as a Senior Research Scientist at the Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers (CREOL) at the College of Optics and Photonics at UCF where she conducted research and development of new semiconductor epitaxial materials, especially nanostructures for the development of new high power laser diode technologies for military, industrial and space applications. Dr. Freisem has also worked as a senior research scientist for sdPhotonics LLC where she served as principal investigator on numerous Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) programs performing scientific and technical research into semiconductor laser and detector technologies. Dr. Freisem has and still does act as consultant to support expert witnesses in patent litigation cases for Foley and Lardner law firm.
She has also worked as Senior Publishing Editor for Kluwer Academic Publishers (now Springer Science and Business Media) in the Netherlands, directing the physics, materials science and engineering publication program into new scientific areas of interest by strategic project acquisitions and collaboration with authors, and book and journal editors.
She has also served as a research scientist and visiting scientist at The University of Texas at Austin.
Dr. Freisem received her Ph.D. in physics from Leiden University in The Netherlands and her M.S. in Physics from the Technical University of Darmstadt in German.


In Science and Space: Planet has released additional information about hyperspectral constellations being developed by the Earth observation company as part of the Carbon Mapper public-private partnership.
Data identifying the sources of methane and carbon dioxide is published through the Carbon Mapper Coalition, while Planet combines hyperspectral data with electro-optical imagery from the Dove, Pelican and SkySat constellations to provide data to government and corporate customers. provide data and insights to
According to a Sept. 19 press release, “Hyperspectral data that help identify spectral ‘signatures’ of chemicals, materials and processes worldwide reveal trends and provide information that would otherwise be hidden.” gaps and reduce risk.
San Francisco-based Planet plans to launch its first two hyperspectral satellites in 2023, collecting data in 400 spectral bands at a resolution of 30 meters per pixel.
Planet`s hyperspectral satellites destined for sun-synchronous orbit are called Tanager, named for a family of colorful Central and South American birds.
Planet is upgrading its Dove CubeSat constellation with SuperDoves. It collects images in his eight spectral bands with a resolution of about 3 meters per pixel compared to his four spectral bands of its predecessor.
We continue to provide high resolution images from his SkySats made by Maxar Technologies.


Introducing Exc Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., a leading manufacturer, supplier, and factory based in China, specializing in the production of innovative optical fibre products. We take pride in bringing cutting-edge technology and superior quality to the global market. Optical fibre is a revolutionary technology that is transforming communication systems across various industries. With the increasing demand for fast and reliable data transmission, our optical fibre products ensure seamless connectivity and high-speed data transmission, making them indispensable for telecommunication networks, internet service providers, and data centers. Our skilled team of engineers and technicians work diligently to develop and manufacture a wide range of optical fibre solutions. From single-mode to multi-mode, simplex to duplex, we offer diverse options to cater to individual requirements. Our products are designed to withstand harsh environmental conditions and provide exceptional performance, delivering unparalleled reliability and durability. Partnering with Exc Industry means choosing a trustworthy and experienced supplier that is committed to delivering excellence. We adhere to strict quality control measures and continuously strive to stay ahead of industry advancements. As a customer-focused company, we also provide comprehensive customer support, ensuring your satisfaction throughout the entire process. Experience the power of optical fibre technology with Exc Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. – your trusted partner for all your optical fibre needs.


Founded in Italy in the 1950s, Scandura has established itself internationally in the field of calibration technology. Scandura strengthens WIKA's leading role in this field by joining the calibration technology product family.
Scandura has made a name for itself with its unique calibration applications – such as portable calibrators, complete calibration systems and calibration software. Especially the portable calibrators meet the highest requirements and safety standards. With ATEX certifications, they are also used as reliable measuring device in critical applications in the process industry, for example. Depending on the calibration and testing requirements, the highest accuracy can be achieved in a wide range of applications.
Mensor handles sales and service of Scandura products that are now branded WIKA in the United States.


Kikkert BRESSER NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC 8x21
Light and compact model for everyday use. Its weight does not reach even 200 grams and will be the perfect companion for every journey. This model has a magnification of 8x and offers a high quality picture during daytime observation. The Bresser National Geographic 8x21 Binocular Telescope is based on an optical construction with roof prisms. The optic is made of glass and all outer members are covered with several layers of special anti-reflective coating. This ensures a clear and clear image with perfect color rendering. The body of the device is made of plastic and the optical tubes are coated with a special relief rubber that provides a better grip. Other characteristic features of this binocular telescope are adjustable interpupillary distance and adjustment of sharpness. Bresser National Geographic is a joint project of the international organization National Geographic and the German company Bresser, which produces high quality optical instruments. It was the quality of the products that National Geographic was looking for in finding a reliable partner for the production of telescopes, binoculars and accessories under its name. The National Geographic series targets people who have active lifestyles and want to explore the world around them.
- A prism prism
- Magnification: 8x
- Lens lens diameter: 21 mm


For individuals over 40 who are considering refractive surgery to decrease dependence on glasses and contact lenses, clear lens extraction (CLE) is an option.
This procedure entails removing the natural lens of the eye and replacing it with an intraocular lens (IOL) implant. This procedure is essentially the same as cataract surgery with lens implant, however in this case the procedure is completed prior to cataract development for the refractive advantage. CLE may be an excellent alternative for people already wearing bifocals or for those who do not qualify for other refractive procedures such as LASIK or PRK. CLE avoids any treatment of the cornea, and instead changes the refractive power of the eye in a potentially more natural position. CLE is best suited for patients over 45 years of age who are already wearing bifocals. A multifocal IOL implant is also an option, allowing the patient to focus both near and far.


Fault: Optical fiber outage causing network disruption of internet traffic.
Status: Partially remedied (failover path in use).
Work is being done to find the fault and remedy it.
Datastorage is not affected by the outage (multipathing).
At 10:40 backup and primary paths are now recovered. Full redundancy has been restored.
Further investigation into the failed optical fiber will be made.
Work is being undertaken to improve and speed up the fail-over of fiber redundancy for inter-DC connectivity.
At 09.00 a switch failure occurred in core infrastructure which burnt optical fiber transceivers.
Remediation: By 09.15 the fault had been found and all network paths had been migrated to secondary fiber connections.
The faulty switch has been replaced and redundancy restored. We’re planning to perform maintenance work (future scheduled window) to implement new protocols for automated fail-over of fiber paths.


Aerial Thermal Imaging is a great preventative maintenance tool. It can detect weak spots in structures, anomalies in components, overloaded electrical components, and much more.
Prevention can help companies save time and money for before their valuable equipment or structures fail.
Aerial thermal imaging can quickly and easily identify thermal bridging, heat loss, water ingress and flat roof leaks, inadequate or missing insulation, damp, leaking pipes and much more.
Power Distribution Inspections
Aerial Thermal Imaging can detect weak points in the transmission or distribution networks making it easy to identify problem areas before a breakdown or fire happens.
Solar Panel Inspections
Manual inspections are time consuming, and cost prohibitive. Using Aerial Thermal Imaging, an entire field of solar panels can be inspected quickly, checking for any hot spots where there might be problem areas.


Tiny Lasers Show Way to Light-Based Computing Era
The fabrication of microscopically small lasers directly on silicon by Prof Kei May Lau, Fang Professor of Engineering and Chair Professor of Electronic and Computer Engineering, and her group has given the prospect of light-based computing a major boost. The breakthrough, impossible to achieve for over 30 years, saw the integration of subwavelength cavities onto silicon, enabling high-density on-chip light-emitting elements to be created and demonstrated.
The advance represents an exciting step forward for the semiconductor industry. Prof Lau, who worked in collaboration with scientists from the University of California, Santa Barbara, Sandia National Laboratories and Harvard University, said such lasers could increase microprocessor capabilities and allow the microprocessors to use much less power, moving photonics and electronics integration on a silicon platform closer to reality and potentially providing a key solution for next-generation green information technology. The lasers used measure just one micron in diameter, and are 1,000 times shorter in length and one million times smaller in area than those currently used for commercial applications.
Photonics has long been the most energy-efficient and cost-effective method to transmit large volumes of data over long distances. With the new silicon-based integrated lasers, photonics may be able to be used for short-distance data transmission as well. “These whispering gallery mode lasers are an extremely attractive light source for on-chip optical communications, data processing and chemical sensing applications,” Prof Lau said.
The research was published as the cover story in Applied Physics Letters and further highlighted by online media.


Founded in Oulu (Finland) in 1982, the NOPTEL Company specializes in the development and manufacture of innovative applied optoelectronic solutions. Noptel’s product line encompasses two major areas: Laser rangefinders and optical alignment and displacement measurement products.
NOPTEL employs thirty persons and has been a subsidiary of the Belgium-based FN HERSTAL since 2011. Today, NOPTEL’s expertise as a key player in developing military qualified and military proven optoelectronic applications is well established.
Noptel Shooting Training Device
The Noptel Expert is an optical shooting training device for shooting skills training. It is used indoors with scaled-down targets and simulated shooting distances, or at shooting range with life-size targets and longer shooting distances. It measures rifle movement, detects the shot, shows the location of both the hit and miss, and analyses the shooter's performance. The Expert software shows the rifle movement during the aiming and triggering, and the score right after the shot.
- Fully portable: training anywhere and anytime
- Ready to use in minutes
- Mounting to most rifles
- Immediate shot analysis and feedback by Noptel Expert software
- Wireless operation
- Rugged Construction, indoor and outdoor use
- Training at simulated distances
- Training at long distances (shooting range)
- Always safe: no life ammunition
Noptel Long Distance Range Finding
The compact, eye safe and highly integrated laser rangefinders can be used as OEM products in different applications.
- Airborne, land, maritime and naval systems
- Vehicle mounted reconnaissance systems
- Observation and surveillance systems
- Handheld targeting systems
- Future soldier program equipment
- Fire control systems
- Mobile range finding
- Location measurement
Noptel rangefinders can be delivered as open modules or in nitrogen-filled, watertight casings enabling flawless operation under harsh environmental conditions. The robust hand held devices measure distances beyond 10 km.
Find out more at: www.noptel.fi


Why all the hype about mirrorless cameras? Is mirrorless a better system than the DSLR system and if so, what are the advantages of mirrorless cameras over DSLR cameras?
Mirrorless cameras have been around for many years but have come to the fore in the past few years. When Sony released their full frame mirrorless cameras and Fuji introduced their high-end mirrorless systems, many photographers sat up and took notice. The photographers taking note included both enthusiasts and professionals. Over the past few years, the mirrorless camera system has developed and improved at a staggering rate. Let me discuss why I believe the rise of the mirrorless system is not about to slow any time soon.
What’s fueling the Rise of The Mirrorless System?
A lot of people ask this question to me and many internet forums. I do not doubt that the main reason for the rise and shift towards mirrorless cameras by manufacturers is financially motivated.
Smartphones come equipped with ever better cameras. The new technology race between smartphone manufacturers is now related to the quality of their cameras. Because the vast majority of the world’s population own and carry a smartphone with them at all times, there is little need for anyone to buy a dedicated portable camera. As such, the sale of small point and shoot cameras has declined significantly.
The financial concerns are real, but they are not the only factor fueling the rise of the mirrorless system. There are many advantages of mirrorless cameras over the established but older DSLR cameras. Some of these advantages are aesthetic, but the majority are technological. It is these technological advantages of the mirrorless cameras that are causing the rise in popularity. And, it is these technical advantages that will continue to generate the rise in popularity and sales to continue.
Let me mention some of the advantages of mirrorless cameras as I see it. This list is not finite, and I do not doubt that this list will grow as the years roll on. The list is not in any particular order other than how they came to mind as I wrote this article.
Seeing in The Dark
Mirrorless cameras will show you a live and real-time image that is representative of the current settings. So if you increase the shutter speed to allow more light to the sensor, you will see the scene becoming brighter in the viewfinder and the LCD screen. This brighter view enables you to frame a shot in the dark accurately, and it also assists you to gauge your exposure when using neutral density filters.
A Living Histogram
A mirrorless camera will show you a real-time histogram in the viewfinder or LCD as you compose and adjust your exposure settings. Being able to see a live histogram ensures you have a correctly exposed image. Yes, I am aware the histogram is based on the camera’s interpretation of a JPEG preview, and not based on the Raw file. However, it is an excellent benchmark.
I know that size is not everything, but it is usually important. All mirrorless cameras are currently smaller than their equivalent DSLR camera. Some mirrorless cameras are not much smaller than a DSLR but those mirrorless cameras typically have a lot more technology packed into them, such as In-Body Image Stabilization (IBIS) or even a medium format sensor.
Generally, mirrorless cameras are more compact and much lighter than DSLR cameras.
The autofocus capabilities are a significant advantage of mirrorless cameras. I would say that this is the most significant advantage of mirrorless cameras and the area where most of the advancements can and will be made over the coming years. I do not want to litter this article with technical jargon, so I’ll keep the reasons for the autofocus advantage simple.
A DSLR camera uses a separate sensor to achieve autofocus. This separate sensor uses a system called phase detection to measure the distance of the object from the camera before “telling” the lens where to focus. For this system to be accurate, everything must be in perfect alignment: the mirror; the autofocus sensor; the lens motors and the image sensor.
A mirrorless camera does not have a mirror in front of the sensor, and therefore it doesn’t need to utilise a separate focusing sensor. A mirrorless camera uses the image sensor to focus directly, meaning there are no alignment issues and the focus in nailed every time.
Initially, mirrorless cameras had slow autofocus and were not a match for their DSLR contemporaries, but this has changed. Modern processing power has allowed mirrorless cameras to catch, and overtake the DSLR autofocusing speed and accuracy.
This advantage of mirrorless cameras is one of the main areas where advancements will continue until DSLRs are left way behind.
This advantage is only relevant if you shoot in JPEG. Many people do shoot JPEG only and always will. As you change and adjust the white balance setting of the camera, you will see the difference in tone in real-time through the viewfinder or the LCD screen.
Using manual focus with a mirrorless camera is so much easier than a DSLR camera, especially in low light. Modern focusing aids like Focus Peaking and temporary zoom assist allow you to know that you have focussed accurately.
When Focus Peaking is enabled, the camera will add a highlight colour to areas of the scene that are in focus. This highlighting is visible in the viewfinder and the LCD screen whether you have zoom assist switched on or not. Regardless of the quality of your vision, you can always see the highlighting on the subject and know you have focussed correctly.
A Depth of Field Preview
When using a DSLR camera, it is difficult to imagine the depth of field in the final shot. Most DSLR cameras do provide a depth of field preview button, but they are less than accurate and will reduce the amount of light that reaches the viewfinder.
Because a mirrorless camera uses the sensor to project what you see in the viewfinder, you always have an accurate depth of field preview. No need for a separate button on the camera.
Yes, I know that this is a feature that can be found in DSLR cameras too, but modern mirrorless cameras can be set up to recognise one face in a crowd. A feature that is extremely useful when shooting a wedding. For example, you can teach the camera to remember and favour the Bride’s face above all others. This feature ensures that your camera will always focus on the Bride’s face, even when there is a crowd of guests around.
Nope, not the black and white horses. Rather, the black and white lines that can be displayed in the viewfinder to show you areas in the scene that are overexposed. A mirrorless camera can show you zebra lines in the viewfinder and LCD screen whether you are shooting stills or video. The zebra lines are also fully customisable.
Now that Nikon has finally announced it’s full-frame mirrorless camera and Canon are about to announce theirs, 2019 will be the first year where all camera manufacturers have serious mirrorless cameras to satisfy both enthusiasts and professionals. Even although Sony and Fuji are years ahead of Nikon and Canon with their mirrorless cameras, it won’t take Nikon and Canon long to catch up. The technology genie is out the bottle, and I do not doubt that DSLRs will go the way of vinyl and carburettors.
What’re your thoughts? Have I missed any advantages? Please let me know.


Thermal imaging cameras produce images of invisible infrared or “heat” radiation. Based on temperature differences between objects, thermal imaging produces a clear image. In contrast with other technologies, such as light amplification, thermal imaging needs no light whatsoever to produce an image on which the smallest of details can be seen. Thermal imaging provides full visibility irrespective of the prevailing light level and weather conditions.
Thermal Imaging Systems
Thermal imaging cameras use infrared technology to see the surface heat of objects in their line of sight. As different types of objects display their energy at different rates depending on the level at which they have absorbed it, a thermal imaging camera requires less light to see than we do in the dark.
Clear video in daylight, darkness, and bad weather. Video that isn’t affected by shadows and back light; they can even look directly at the sun
The Cameras also have the power to tell the difference between objects like humans, animals, cars, and bicycles
They can even be used to see through smoke so are used by the fire brigade, the police use them to track and apprehend criminals. Mountain rescue use them to locate trapped climbers, vet’s use them to monitor animals temperatures and they are even used for air tightness testing to determine the areas of a building losing the most heat. The images can be displayed in monochrome, iron or rainbow dependant on the intended use of the system and the level of recognition required.
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“The Panasonic FZ-1000 II will rival the Sony RX10 IV with 16x zoom and optical stabilisation, while the ZS80 offers 30x optical zoom in a super-compact body.”
Panasonic has always built pretty compelling cameras, which offer robust versatility in terms of feature sets. Now, the company has launched two new cameras in the compact, superzoom segment — the Panasonic FZ-1000 II and the Panasonic ZS80. The cameras are aimed at different consumer segments, but what’s common are their rather heavyweight rivals from the established imaging and electronics stables of Sony and Nikon.
To begin with, the Panasonic FZ-1000 II is the upgraded offering over 2014’s FZ-1000. It is powered by an all-new 1?-type sensor with 20.1MP effective resolution. Panasonic claims that the new sensor offers “high sensitivity”, which theoretically guarantees better low light performance than before. The party piece of the FZ-1000 II is its 16x Leica DC zoom lens, with 35mm-equivalent focal range of 25-400mm, at f/2.8-4.0. The nifty zoom is aided by five-axis hybrid optical image stabilisation (such high zoom ranges lead to fine parallax and instabilities).
Other features of the Panasonic FZ-1000 II include 12fps continuous shooting, dual-control wheel for better manual photography control, 4K movie recording at 30fps, 4K photo extracting with sequence compositing (object tracking photography), and a 2.36MP OLED electronic viewfinder. It also gets wireless connectivity with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth for smartphone transfer and remote control. The Panasonic FZ-1000 II primarily rivals the 24x zoom-equipped Sony RX10 IV, and while it does appear to fall slightly short in terms of the focal range, Panasonic has priced it at $899 (approx. Rs 64,000), which is nearly half of what Sony charges for its superzoom el supremo.
The second new camera, the Panasonic ZS80, is an even more compact camera with a super slim body meant for being a point-and-shoot companion for avid travellers. It barely takes up any space, thanks to its 1/2.3?-type sensor (the kind we see in most smartphones). While the sensor has its limitations, the lens is a pretty hefty 24-720mm f/3.3-6.4 (35mm-equivalent) Leica-branded one that offers plenty of range to snap up quick shots. There is a built-in optical stabiliser, a flip-up touchscreen viewfinder, 4K 30fps movie recording and even 10fps continuous shooting, making it a neat little package (quite literally).
The Panasonic ZS80 has been priced at $449 (approx. Rs 32,000), which is pretty competitive given what it offers. Here too, Panasonic has offered considerably shorter focal range than a plausible rival, the incredulous, 100x zoom-equipped Nikon P1000 (they’re both aimed to be a travelling companion for superzoom requirements), but has priced it at less than half of what Nikon charges for the P1000.


3D Laser Profilometry
Laser Profilometry, also known as 3D Laser Scanning, use portable 3D scanners to accurately map the surface of a free form object. A laser cross is projected on the surface while two cameras read the laser cross profile to build a 3D scan file in real time. The scanner is self-positioned by triangulation of randomly positioned reflective targets. This non-contact inspection technique eliminates the need to mechanically fix the scanner to the part being scanned for encoding.
EQS Global is an Accredited Non-Destructive Testing Laboratory and an independent and independent and certified inspection company, offering a full range of services dedicated to inspection and testing, and the necessary knowledge to support its clients throughout the assets’ lifecycle.
EDP Renewables has been working with EQS Global for some years. In this project, Windfloat, I think I can easily characterize the relationship with EQS Global in a few words, namely, trust, availability, commitment and, above all, professionalism.
We evaluated your last two inspection reports and suggested improvements!


A microscope with lenses, color filters and 3 magnification options: X200 / X600 / X1200, with LED lighting.
The foot and body of the microscope are made of metal.
The set includes slides to create your own samples, 4 prepared slides , pliers, labels, a petri dish and vials, an instruction booklet with 30 experiments to learn how to prepare slides , take samples, adjust the microscope and light.
Requires 1 CR2032 battery (included)
8 years and older


Solar Farm Inspections
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems and Solar farms will need regular checks and maintenance to ensure the solar cells are operating smoothly. The traditional manual method is by employing field engineers to conduct inspections using hand held thermal cameras. This is time consuming and a misuse of quality resources; putting employees in possibly hazardous and arduous environments and can lead to missed incidents or faults due to human error.
Air Inspect Australia use drones fitted with both thermal and RGB cameras to yield faster and more accurate data capture and significantly decrease the risk to human safety. There is no need to expose or remove equipment or plant shut-down; our highly trained staff can properly perform the aerial field inspection to detect abnormal heat signatures and ensure all aviation laws, environmental health and safety requirements are met.


Gold plus has launched Automotive Laminated Safety Glass. The glass is hugely safe. Also, it provides a clear view in all kinds of conditions. The view is totally distortion free. The windshield glass also blocks harmful UV rays. As they have recently launched the facility. They are going to provide glass for all kinds of commercial vehicles available in India.
Furthermore, Gold plus has already started working with a lot of dealers throughout the Indian market to gain a steady line of loyal clients for their commercial vehicle glass item


Essential light scattering theories, techniques, and practices Extend tissue characterization and analysis capabilities using cutting-edge biophotonics tools and technologies. This comprehensive resource details the principles, devices, and procedures necessary to fully employ light scattering in clinical and diagnostic applications. Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering explains how to work with biological scatterers and scattering codes, accurately model tissues and cells, build time-domain simulations, and resolve inverse scattering issues. Noninvasive biopsy procedures, precancer and disease screening methods, and fiber optic probe design techniques are also covered in this detailed volume.
Analyze light scattering spectra from complex and continuous media Build high-resolution cellular models using FDTD and PSTD methods Work with confocal microscopic imaging and diffuse optical tomography Measure blood flow using laser Doppler, LSCI, and photon correlation Perform noninvasive optical biopsies using elastic scattering techniques Assess bulk tissue properties using differential pathlength spectroscopy Detect precancerous lesions using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry Risk-stratify patients for colonoscopies using enhanced backscattering methods
Introduction - overview of classical light- scattering formalisms; Ch 1. FDTD and PSTD for modeling light scattering; Ch 2. a/LCI for detection of neoplasia; Ch 3. Enhanced backscattering spectroscopy for colon screening; Ch 4. Inverse scattering in OCT; Ch 5. Confocal LSS microscopy; Ch 6. Elastic scattering spectroscopy and optical biopsy; Ch 7. Cell ultrastructure scattering in Diffuse Optical Tomography; Ch 8. Sub-cellular light scattering for understanding photodynamic therapy; Ch 9. Light scattering in confocal reflectance microscopy; Ch 10. Dynamic light scattering for ocular diagnostics; Ch 11. Laser speckle contrast imaging of blood flow; Ch 12. Differential pathlength spectroscopy


Solari Vision makes great Infrared filters. I have a 820nm filter from them and like that one equally as much as this 665 nm. Both filters are well made, with quality glass and brass. Plus, Kolari Vision was very nice to let me switch from the 625nm to the 590nm when I 650nm ir cut off filter, 650nm ir cut off filter Suppliers About product and suppliers:238 650nm ir cut off filter products are offered for sale by suppliers on A wide variety of 650nm ir cut off filter options are available to you, There are 8 suppliers who sells 650nm ir cut off filter on , mainly located in Asia.
May 29, 2018 · During the daytime, the filter is on in order filter out Infrared Light, that way, color images are not distorted by IR Light. During the nighttime, the IR cut filter is automatically switched off to allow infrared light to enter the camera. The camera switches to IR Mode (Black and White) which is more sensitive to Infrared light. HOYA R72 INFRAREDThe HOYA R72 Infrared filter is specifically designed for infrared photography with digital cameras and infrared film. Infrared light starts in the high-red area of the visible spectrum at around 750nm and goes up beyond 1000nm. This light is not visible to the naked eye. Looking through the R72 filter it looks almost opaque because the filter How many fstops does a hoya R72 ir filter cut? Photo.net Jan 27, 2016 · Modern sensors - such as my D800E - have about 14-15 stops of filtering of IR light on the sensor. This is a tested result comparing exposure times on a converted IR camera with a filter to an unconverted camera. An IR filter such as the R72 blocks visible spectrum below 720nm - all the visible spectrum. But blocking is a relative term.
Aug 03, 2020 · The bandpass filters shown on this page feature center wavelengths from 1.75 to 12.00 µm. Transmission curves for individual filters can be viewed by clicking the blue icons below. Each filter is epoxied into a black anodized aluminum ring which can fit inside our SM1 Lens Tubes. These filt Life Pixel Digital Infrared Filter Comparison PhotosSuper Color IR Filter (equivalent to 590nm Filter) Download RAW File View Larger Version Provides for a super vibrant foliage and intensely colorful sky. With the red & blue channels swapped the foliage takes on a golden orange tone and sky a beautiful royal blue. The most surrealistic, color infrared filter Longpass Filters Longpass Edge Filters Edmund OpticsLongpass Filters can be used with Shortpass Filters to create custom bandpass filters. Certain Longpass Edge Filters can also be used as cold mirrors to minimize the heat buildup often caused by infrared radiation. Edmund Optics offers a wide variety of Longpass Edge Filters for performance in the ultraviolet, visible, or infrared wavelengths.
China manufacturer Plastic M12 S Mount Lens Holder with 650nm IR Cut Filter, Hole Spacing 20mm, Height 12mm - AICO Lens Accessories. Neutral Density Filters SpectrogonIR ND filters are designed for 2000-16000 nm ND UV-VIS filters are designed for 190-2500 nm VIS ND filters are designed for 400-800 nm. Spectral measurements Spectral curve at room temperature and normal incidence angle is supplied with each filter type. Click on the Description, to see spectral characteristics for the filters in stock. Neutral Density Filters SpectrogonIR ND filters are designed for 2000-16000 nm ND UV-VIS filters are designed for 190-2500 nm VIS ND filters are designed for 400-800 nm. Spectral measurements Spectral curve at room temperature and normal incidence angle is supplied with each filter type. Click on the Description, to see spectral characteristics for the filters in stock.
Sep 14, 2020 · Each premium filter is compared with its closest equivalent standard filter. Filter diameters are 25 mm or 1" unless otherwise noted. Please note that the bandpass regions vary slightly between items, and the FLH633-5 filter is compared to a filter with a specified center wavelength of 632.8 nm. Standard Bandpass Filters - Newport CorporationOur Bandpass Filters pass a narrow spectral band of UV, visible, or NIR radiation and reject out-of-band wavelengths from X-ray to the far IR. Applications include spectra radiometry, medical diagnostics, chemical analysis, colorimetry, astronomy, or any application where spectral isolation is required. Out-of-band blocking to less than 0.01% UV VIS NIR optical filters Absorption IR filters IR Uses of our optical filters span Medical, Defence, Industrial, Commercial, Electronics, Research and Entertainment markets and many sectors and applications. View our stock filter ranges below, which include filters for passing and blocking wavelengths from UV, through visible to NIR and IR.
ZWO 850nm IR Pass Imaging Filter - 1.25 The ZWO IR Pass Filter allows infrared light with wavelengths of more than 850nm to pass, effectively removing the part of the spectrum that is sensitive to bad seeing. When you image the planets or Moon wi Zomei IR filters review & comparison · David Kennard Whereas for a camera without an IR blocking filter, you would get an image that has a lot of IR and a bit of red. With an 850 nm IR filter you should get a pure IR image whether your camera has an IR blocking filter or not. The only difference is that with an IR blocking filter youll need a lot longer exposure than with a converted camera. How to Emulate Kodak Aerochrome with the 550nm IR Filter Hi, my name is David. I am an infrared Photographer from Austria, and in this article I will explain you the basic steps for processing infraed photography taken with the 550nm filter. This specific filter has a lot of creative advantages compared to higher cutting longpass filters,


The white LED lamp is a combination of high quality and functionality. The unique head can be adjusted in many planes, which facilitates convenient positioning of the lamp. In addition, it has the ability to change the intensity and color of light. Perfect for the office, study or workshop.
1. 56 super bright ultra-efficient SMD LEDs
2. Two colors (warm light / cool light) dimmable from 1-6 W
3. Adjustable arm
4. Adapter: DC13V
5. Color temperature: 3500-6500K
6. 6W power


> 4-MP 1/2.9″ CMOS image sensor, low luminance, and high definition image.
> Outputs max. 4 MP (2688 × 1520)@20 fps, and supports 2560 × 1440 @25/30 fps
> H.265 codec, high compression rate, ultra-low bit rate.
> Built-in warm light/IR LED, the max. illumination distance is 30 m and the max. warm light distance is 15 m.
> ROI, SMART H.264+/H.265+, flexible coding, applicable to various bandwidth and storage environments.
> Rotation mode, WDR, 3D NR, HLC, BLC, digital watermarking, applicable to various monitoring scenes.
> Intelligent monitoring: Intrusion, tripwire (the two functions support the classification and accurate detection of vehicle and human).
> Supports max. 256 G Micro SD card; built in MIC.
> 12 VDC/PoE power supply, easy for installation.
> IP67 protection.
> SMD Plus.


Are you aware that there are contact lenses especially made to correct your astigmatism? Normally, the cornea is round, but in the case of someone with astigmatism, it's more elliptical. This affects the way light enters the eye, and results in blurred vision.
The lenses used to correct astigmatism are called toric contact lenses. Toric lenses have a design that differs from that of regular lenses. Compared to typical lenses, which have one power throughout the lens, toric lenses have two different powers; one for astigmatism, and one which addresses myopia or hyperopia. Unlike regular lenses, which can freely move around on your eye and have no effect on your vision, toric lenses must stay in place. Contact lenses for astigmatism are actually heavier on the bottom, to prevent them from moving around on your eye.
Just like regular lenses, toric lenses are available as soft disposable contact lenses, daily disposable lenses, and frequent replacement lenses. If you like to wear multifocal or even colored lenses, then don't worry, there are toric lenses made to suit your needs too. Hard contact lenses, also called rigid gas permeable lenses, provide a firmer shape which helps them stay in place, but they aren't always as comfortable as soft lenses. Together, we'll be able to find the best brand to suit your eyes.
Toric contact lens fittings might sometimes need more time than regular contact lens fittings, because of the relative complexity of the lens. It might sound a little daunting, but it's worth the end result; getting treated, glasses-free. Being fitted with the right product will only improve your vision, and consequently, your everyday life.


Motic offers advanced microscopy systems for industrial use. Our optical solutions, combined with our digital cameras and software, provide you with a complete range of products that can be used for multiple industrial applications.
The versatility of our microscopes provide high quality images that can be documented, measured and analyzed with our wide range of Moticam digital cameras. These instruments have been designed with the intention of providing you with the necessary tools for inspecting, testing, measuring and improving the quality and safety of your products.
Please choose from the following series below:


Who would want to do autofocus fine tuning (micro adjustment)?
I have been shooting with professional photographers and photo trek leaders when the subject of autofocus came up. While all of them agreed that autofocus is a good thing, especially when shooting fast-moving subjects, they did not always feel that autofocus fine tuning of a camera with a lens is necessary to get the best autofocus results. Because I am an engineer by profession and a fanatic about precision, and I always like to get the best results I can get from a camera and lens, I do autofocus fine tuning with all of my camera bodies with each of my lens. However, I do understand that there is a contingent of folks who will never do that fine tuning.
By the way, just for clarity, the following names are also used for autofocus fine tuning:
- Adjusting your lens
- Micro adjustment
These titles all describe the same camera and lens calibration matching that is stored by the camera body for retrieval when you next mount that same lens. Most Nikon and Canon prosumer and professional cameras have this capability.
So why would you want to take the time and go to the effort to do autofocus calibration of your camera with each lens if the camera has this feature? The reason most people do this procedure is to assure themselves that the camera and each lens they use on that camera focuses on the subject they want the camera to focus on when they push the shutter button. Pros fine tune to make sure they are getting optimal results from their expensive lenses to make sharper images.
You would think that cameras and lens that cost thousands of dollars each would be a perfect match and would focus where they indicate they are focusing every time you shoot an image, but that is not always the case. Whether you use the optical viewfinder or live view when you do your focusing can make a big difference in the accuracy of the autofocus results you get. We will delve into the details of how DSLR cameras perform autofocus in these two modes in another article. For now we will stick with autofocus using the optical viewfinder because it is faster than the autofocus in live view, and it is the mode of choice for a lot of nature photography.
DSLR cameras use a design called phase detection for autofocus when you are using the optical viewfinder, and the design is not always perfect for a variety of reasons. The biggest reason for the imperfection is slight variations of alignment between a camera body and a lens. This can be caused by a difference in temperature where you are shooting versus the temperature in the facility where the equipment was originally manufactured and aligned. The ware that occurs with lens/camera age and the changing of lens can also change the autofocus perfection of the camera/lens combination. Using a third-party lens can result in imperfect autofocus. Finally, impact to a camera body or lens can change the operation of the autofocus, making the camera/lens combination focus at a different point than you think it is focusing.
The imperfections in autofocus usually become an issue when you are shooting in low light with a low aperture or with a telephoto lens. A combination of the two is the worst case.
If you only shoot landscapes at an aperture of f/8, then the depth of field of the lens can mask imperfections in autofocus. In that case, the depth of field for a subject at 50 feet could be from 12 feet to infinity so having the camera autofocus improperly by a few feet would probably not show up in the final image.
However, when shooting a subject at 50 feet with a 200mm telephoto at an aperture of f/4 on a full-frame camera, the depth of field is only 4.5 feet. Shooting that same subject with a 400mm lens and the same camera and lens settings gives you a depth of field of 1.1 feet. In both of these cases, having the camera/lens miss focus by a few feet or even a few inches can produce results that you would not want. For example, if you aim at a flying birdís head with that 400mm lens and the autofocus is off by a foot, then part of the birdís wings may not be in focus. You may tolerate that kind of miss focus, but many folks want better results than that.
(See the posted table to for more examples of depth of field with various lenses and settings.)
If you ask professional photographers such as Jim Stamates, Thom Hogan or Greg Downing if they do autofocus fine tuning of their cameras and lens to assure a match between the two, they will answer yes. Thom says he does autofocus fine tuning at the start of each major field trip and especially on trips to environments that are significantly different from the last trip he took. He does the fine tuning at his destination locations. Now that is perfection is action.


RICOH Industrial Solutions Inc. has developed Automotive HUD projection unit using laser scanning technology for Automotive Human Machine Interface (HMI) industry.
The unit will be used in future Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which are centering on sensing technology and in-vehicle electronics technology.
HUD is a system to display vehicle information, such as speed and GPS navigation data to a windscreen. Compared to conventional GPS navigation systems, HUD helps reducing the amount of driver's eye movement, which relieves driver's fatigue and the risk of accidents caused by driver's inadequate attention. In addition to these benefits, HUD is expected to play a key role in calling for driver's attention and realization of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in combination with various sensors mounted on the vehicle.
RICOH Industrial Solutions Inc., using RICOH's laser scanning technology achieved through the development and production of copiers, and also 2-axis MEMS mirror device newly developed for HUD, has developed a projection unit that enables to effectively call for driver's attention by using bright colors which do not blend in to the background.
The use of a laser scanning technology also enables higher contrast (more than 10,000: 1) and display of broader range of colors (NTSC Rate: Approx. 190%). Compared to TFT technology, laser scanning technology ia also more vibrant, even at the same luminance.
These advantages enable the reduction of the influence of postcard effect, a nuisance factor that draws driver's attention. The postcard effect is a square- shaped leak light coming from the back light, seen in a TFT system, particularly in low illuminance environment.
In addition, by using algorithms which take into account the driving situation and human factor, the accurate transmission of important information is enabled.
Furthermore, to overcome issues of the laser scanning technology such as image quality and reliability , RICOH Industrial Solutions Inc. developed a screen using micro-lens technology, and a 2-axis MEMS mirror device to realize high image quality and reliability (equivalent to AEC-Q101).
Ricoh plans to start serial production of the new HUD system in 2020.