Was I Exposed to Agent Orange While Working on C-123 Aircraft?
Veterans who served boots-on-the-ground in Vietnam during the Vietnam War are presumed to have been exposed to the toxic herbicide Agent Orange. During the war, C-123 aircraft sprayed Agent Orange over vast areas of forest in Vietnam during Operation Ranch Hand.
These planes were later sent back to the United States and were used by the Air Force and Air Force reserves. Service members who worked on C-123s may have been exposed to Agent Orange without having step foot in Vietnam.
After hearing complaints of health concerns from Air Force reservists who crewed C-123 aircraft, the VA asked the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to study possible exposures and adverse health effects in those who worked and crewed C-123 aircraft.
The report, Post-Vietnam Dioxin Exposure in Agent Orange-Contaminated C-123 Aircraft was released in January 2015. According to the VA’s website, the report found that “approximately 1,500 to 2,100 Air Force Reserve personnel trained and worked on C-123 aircraft that had previously been used to spray herbicides, including Agent Orange, in Vietnam.”
The report found that those Reservists who had regular contact with the aircraft could have been exposed to chemicals from herbicide residue, and that their exposure could result in adverse health effects. Reservists may have been exposed to TCDD, a toxic byproduct of the production of Agent Orange, through hand-to-mouth transfer, inhalation, or ingestion by contaminated food or water.
The Presumptive Rule
Based on the findings of this report, the VA added those exposed to Agent Orange through contact with C-123 aircraft to their herbicide presumptive regulation. The regulation now includes “individuals who performed service in the Air Force or Air Force Reserves who regularly operated, maintained, or served onboard C-123 aircraft known to have been used to spray herbicides during the Vietnam era.”
The VA website notes that the following individuals may qualify for Agent Orange exposure-related benefits:
- Active duty personnel who served in a regular United States Air Force unit location where a contaminated C-123 was assigned who had regular contact with the aircraft through flight, ground, or medical duties between 1969 and 1986, and who developed Agent Orange related disabilities.
- Reservists who were assigned to flight, ground, or medical crew duties at the below locations between 1969 and 1986, and who developed Agent Orange related disabilities:
- Lockbourne/Rickenbacker Air Force Base in Ohio (906th and 907th Tactical Air Groups or 355th and 356th Tactical Airlift Squadron)
- Westover Air Force Base in Massachusetts (731st Tactical Air Squadron and 74th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron)
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, International Airport (758th Airlift Squadron)
Agent Orange Related Diseases
Reservist and Air Force service members are eligible for benefits for Agent Orange related disabilities. Agent Orange related diseases include:
- AL Amyloidosis
- Chronic B-Cell Leukemias
- Chloracne, or similar acneform disease
- Diabetes Mellitus Type II
- Hodgkin’s Disease
- Ischemic Heart Disease
- Multiple Myeloma
- Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
- Parkinson’s Disease
- Early-onset peripheral neuropathy
- Porphyria cutanea tarda
- Prostate Cancer
- Respiratory Cancers, including cancer of the lungs, trachea, bronchus, and larynx,
- Soft Tissue Sarcomas
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Berlin by Night
Tracking cities at night from the International Space Station ISS
Amazing new night images from André Kuipers with the Nightpod from the International Space Station ISS. More Information about the Nightpod campagne of the European Space Agency here.
Berlin 2012 NightPod
here the original image of ESA/NASA (resolution around 45m/pixel).
Easy to spot is the historically different illumination of the old East and West Berlin. In the detailed view the Tegel airport is brightly visible in the upper left corner and the street Straße des 17 Juni with the Victory Column and the Regierunsviertel are also clearly visible.
For comparison, the night scene of Berlin NightSat mission in 2004:
Berlin 2004 NightSat
here the original image of NASA (resolution around 95m/pixel).
And in addition here a wonderful video illustrating the light pollution around the world by the crew of ISS.


The Tactical Drone Pilot Instructor program is designed to produce top level tactical drone instructors.
CRI offers graduates top drone certifications that will enable to them to be the tip of the spear in an emerging industry. The opportunities are limitless for skilled drone pilots, in that they will be able to work with many companies and agencies, as well as work for themselves.
The program is divided into five integral modules:
1. Foundational core drone instructor
2. Law enforcement instruction core
3. Military instruction core
4. Federal agency instruction core
5. Security company core
Each Core is six days in duration.
Copyright © 2022 TACTICAL DRONE ACADEMY - All Rights Reserved.


Michael Gold, Bigelow Aerospace’s director of business growth talks to The Economist about funding challenges, biotech in space and why Bigelow thinks Obama’s plans make sense.
Michael Gold, Bigelow Aerospace’s director of business growth talks to The Economist about funding challenges, biotech in space and why Bigelow thinks Obama’s plans make sense.
Space Frontier Foundation
Date Released: Wednesday, August 19, 2009
In the wake of the Augustine Commission’s declaration that the troubled Ares rocket program is unaffordable under any realistic budget projections, the Space Frontier Foundation renewed its call to immediately cancel the costly dead-end project and replace it with multiple commercial vehicles. “Three years ago we published Unaffordable and Unsustainable, declaring that government must henceforth ‘buy all crew and cargo services with a destination of low Earth orbit [from] commercial providers using privately-owned and operated spaceships’,” said Foundation co-Founder Bob Werb.
“For over a decade, we’ve said that continuing to try and develop new government rockets costs too much and delays human exploration beyond Earth orbit,” added co-Founder Rick Tumlinson. “Pouring more money into Ares now is the equivalent of giving a taxpayer-funded I.V. to a corpse. Instead, let’s use those funds to give birth to a new and vibrant space transport industry that might actually make money
and open the space frontier to everyone.”
“Derivatives of proven commercial launch systems, and new ones under development, could meet any reasonable need for heavy lift,” said Foundation co-Founder, James Muncy. “The barrier is psychological: NASA will have to stop pretending it can design cost-effective launch vehicles and instead focus on exploration systems that fit on the launch vehicles taxpayers can really afford.”
Werb concluded: “The choice is clear. We can continue funding an overpriced, government space limousine, or we can kick-start a whole new industry that will reduce government’s costs and create new jobs. The tools of private sector innovation and competition offer our best and only chance to have affordable and sustainable human space exploration.”
Excalibur Almaz Limited (EA), an international space exploration company, today announced plans to open up a new era of private orbital space flight for commercial customers, using updated elements of the “Almaz” space system originally developed by JSC MIC NPO Mashinostroyenia (NPOM) of Russia.
Realization of EA’s project with technical assistance from NPOM will allow regular access to and from space. This project joins Russian space technology expertise with an international private enterprise to create a commercial offering of orbital spaceflight services for global customers.
EA plans to offer week-long orbital space flights beginning as early as 2013 –
taking a big leap beyond the sub-orbital flight market targeted by most other private space companies. In addition to NPOM, other leading aerospace firms in the U.S., Europe and Japan will provide technical support for EA’s space flight operations
The original Almaz space system technology, comprising reusable reentry vehicle (RRV) and space station, was successfully tested in flight by NPOM. Working with NPOM and its international contractors, EA is now updating the spacecraft to conduct crew and cargo space missions for private individuals, corporations, academic institutions and national governments.
EA Founder and CEO Art Dula said, “Through cooperation with NPOM and with the support of leading space contractors around the world and an exceptionally strong management and advisory team, EA is in a unique position to initiate a new era of private orbital space exploration.”
Cosmonaut Vladimir Titov, advisor to EA in Russia, said, “With this announcement, the dream of private orbital space exploration may become a reality in the very near future.”
EA has ownership of several Almaz spacecraft, including reusable reentry vehicles (RRVs) and space stations.
EA will tailor space missions to accommodate customer objectives including exploration, cargo transportation and experimentation. On selected missions, spacecraft and space stations would provide platforms for microgravity scientific experiments, potentially serving the needs of governments and academic institutions.
EA’s spacecraft will consist of two parts: an RRV and an expendable service module to provide crewmembers with room to comfortably operate during spaceflight. EA will update the Almaz RRVs with flight-proven technologies where appropriate, while retaining tested legacy systems to ensure safety and economy of operation. A critical feature of the RRVs is their reusability, which will reduce logistical, overhead and program costs for commercial access to space.
EA plans for its spacecraft to be compatible with a number of launch vehicles and capable of being launched from worldwide sites.
In addition to NPOM, leading aerospace firms contracting with EA include Space Flight Operations (SFO), a subsidiary of United Space Alliance, of the U.S.; Paragon Space Development Corporation of the U.S.; Qwaltec of the U.S.; EADS Astrium Space Transportation of Europe; and Japan Manned Space Systems (JAMSS) of Japan. EA has also formed strategic alliances with academic institutions including Rice University of the U.S and the International Space University of France, and is an Industry Forum member of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute of the U.S.
Established in 2005, EA is incorporated, headquartered and registered on the Isle of Man in the British Isles. EA’s support contractors are in Russia, Europe, Japan and the U.S. EA’s founders, executives and advisors include astronauts, cosmonauts and commercial aerospace business entrepreneurs.
International Launch Services (ILS) successfully carried the AsiaSat 5 satellite into orbit today on an ILS Proton for Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company Limited (AsiaSat) of Hong Kong. This was the fourth commercial mission of the year for ILS and the sixth successful Proton launch of 2009. From contract signing to launch, the full integration of the AsiaSat 5 mission was completed in less than six months.
The ILS Proton Breeze M launched from Pad 39 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 1:47 a.m. today local time (3:47 a.m. in Hong Kong, August 12, 19:47 GMT, August 11 and 3:47 p.m. EDT, August 11). After a 9 hour 15 minute mission, the Breeze M successfully released the AsiaSat 5 satellite, weighing over 3.7 metric tons, into geo-transfer orbit. This was the 347th launch for the Proton. The Proton Breeze M vehicle is developed and built by Khrunichev Research and Production Space Center of Moscow, Russia’s premier space manufacturer.
Built by Space Systems/Loral, AsiaSat 5 will replace AsiaSat 2 at the orbital location of 100.5 degrees East. This new satellite with an enhanced pan Asian C-band footprint and high-power Ku-band beams over East Asia, South Asia, and an in-orbit steerable Ku beam, will provide advanced satellite services including television broadcast, telephone networks and VSAT networks for broadband multimedia services across the Asia Pacific. The satellite is based on the Space Systems/Loral 1300 platform, designed for a lifespan of 15 years. The station-keeping lifetime of the satellite may be even longer as a result of the performance of the ILS Proton launch vehicle.
Frank McKenna, President of ILS said, “This full integration and successful launch on ILS Proton of AsiaSat 5 in less than six months was a focused team effort on behalf of ILS, Khrunichev, AsiaSat and Space Systems/Loral. This is the real value that ILS/Proton offers our customers and we are proud to have met AsiaSat’s demanding business imperative for the replacement strategy of AsiaSat 2.”
“Launching AsiaSat 5 on ILS Proton was the best solution to meet our planned schedule for AsiaSat 2 replacement, to assure service continuity for all users on AsiaSat 2. We are most grateful for the diligence, professionalism and dedication demonstrated by ILS and Khrunichev to achieve on time delivery that is simply unmatched,” said Peter Jackson, Chief Executive Officer of AsiaSat.
The Commercial Spaceflight Federation is pleased to announce the creation of the Suborbital Applications Researchers Group (SARG), composed of experienced scientists, researchers, and educators dedicated to furthering the research and education potential of suborbital reusable launch vehicles under development by the commercial spaceflight sector.
The panel is chaired by Dr. S. Alan Stern of the Southwest Research Institute, a space scientist who previously served as head of the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters.
The members of the Suborbital Applications Researchers Group (SARG) are aiming to increase awareness of commercial suborbital vehicles in the science and R&D communities, to work with policymakers to ensure that payloads can have easy access to these vehicles, and to further develop ideas for the uses of these vehicles for science, engineering, and education missions.
“The innovative vehicles being developed by a wide range of commercial suborbital companies, including Armadillo Aerospace, Blue Origin, Masten Space Systems, Virgin Galactic, and XCOR Aerospace, represent valuable new capability for scientists, engineers, and educators,” said Alan Stern, Chairman of SARG. “Because some of these vehicles are approaching first flights in 2010 and 2011, it is crucial to start engaging with the broader scientific community as soon as possible to put payloads and scientists on these vehicles.”
In addition to Dr. S. Alan Stern, SARG includes the following members:
SARG has been officially formed as a coordination and advisory committee of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation (www.commercialspaceflight.org), with Matthew Isakowitz, Associate Director of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation, serving as Program Officer. The first meeting of SARG will occur August 18, in Boulder, Colorado.
The mission of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation (CSF) is to promote the development of commercial human spaceflight, pursue ever higher levels of safety, and share best practices and expertise throughout the industry. CSF member organizations include commercial spaceflight developers, operators, and spaceports. The Commercial Spaceflight Federation is governed by a board of directors, composed of the member companies’ CEO-level officers and entrepreneurs.
The Suborbital Applications Researchers Group (SARG) is a coordination and advisory committee of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation, composed of scientists and researchers dedicated to furthering the scientific potential of suborbital reusable launch vehicles under development by the commercial spaceflight sector. SARG will seek to increase awareness of commercial suborbital vehicles in the science, R&D, and education communities, work with policymakers to ensure that payloads can have easy access to these vehicles, and aim to generate new ideas for uses of these vehicles for science, engineering, and education missions.
NASA’s Commercial Crew and Cargo Program is applying Recovery Act funds to stimulate efforts within the private sector to develop and demonstrate human spaceflight capabilities. These efforts are intended to foster entrepreneurial activity leading to job growth in engineering, analysis, design, and research, and to economic growth as capabilities for new markets are created. By developing commercial crew service providers, NASA may be able to reduce the gap in U.S. human spaceflight capability. All ARRA funded activities must comply with its provisions and will conclude no later than September 30, 2010.
The program intends to solicit proposals from all interested U.S. industry participants to mature the design and development of commercial crew spaceflight concepts and associated enabling technologies and capabilities. NASA plans to use its Space Act authority to invest up to $50 million dollars in multiple competitively awarded, funded agreements. This activity is referred to as Commercial Crew Development, or CCDev.
An Announcement soliciting proposals for Space Act Agreements (SAAs) is currently planned to be released on or about August 10, 2009, with proposals due approximately 45 days later. The award of SAAs is planned for November 2009.
NASA does not intend to issue a draft of the Announcement but does plan to conduct a pre-proposal conference at JSC on August 13th , at the Gilruth Center’s Ball Room, at 10:00 am, to discuss the solicitation and answer questions.
NASA will only consider proposals from U.S. commercial providers as defined by the Commercial Space Act of 1998.
The Commercial Crew and Cargo program also manages NASA’s Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) partnership agreements with U.S. industry to help develop safe, reliable and cost-effective systems to carry cargo and eventually crew to low-Earth orbit and the International Space Station. Additional background information on NASA’s Commercial Crew and Cargo Program and COTS may be found at: http://www.nasa.gov/offices/c3po/home
Please notify the point of contact listed in this synopsis of your interest in this potential competition by August 12, 2009. Your non-binding letter of intent should include the company name, point of contact, address, phone number, e-mail, and nature of interest as either a primary participant or team member. Potential respondents are responsible for monitoring the Internet site for the release of the Announcement and for downloading their own copy of the Announcement and amendments. A web site has been established for this Space Act Agreement competition: http://procurement.jsc.nasa.gov/ccdev
An Ombudsman has been appointed – See NASA Specific Note “B”.
The Announcement soliciting proposals and any related documents will be available over the Internet. The NASA/JSC Business Opportunities page is located at:
This is not a solicitation for proposals and NASA does not intend to respond to questions about this synopsis at this time. Further information will be provided as amendments to this synopsis.
Point of Contact
Name: K. Lee Pagel
Title: Agreements Officer
The Next Step in Space Coalition, a group of businesses, organizations, and people working to ensure the future of US human spaceflight, announced today that its membership has grown to include a diverse set of businesses and organizations, including Google, Inc., Analytic Graphics Inc., the Space Coast Economic Development Commission and the National Space Society.
With its new members, the Next Step in Space Coalition now includes large aerospace companies like Sierra Nevada Inc., Analytic Graphics and SpaceX, as well as smaller companies such as Odyssey Moon and Space Adventures. Also pledging their support are space related organizations including Space Florida and the Commercial Spaceflight Federation.
To date, more than 20 businesses and organizations have joined the Next Step in Space Coalition, which was established to educate government officials and the general public on the current role of commercial companies in space transportation and the potential role of commercial companies in the future of human spaceflight.
To see the full list of the Next Step in Space Coalition members and learn more about the importance of commercial spaceflight please visit NextStepInSpace.com
Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) anounced the successful completion of qualification testing for the Falcon 9 launch vehicle first stage tank and interstage.
Testing took place at SpaceX’s Texas Test Site, a 300 acre structural and propulsion testing facility, located just outside of Waco, Texas.
The first stage tank and interstage hardware were subjected to a proof test of 1.1 times the maximum expected operating pressure (MEOP), and a burst pressure proof test of 1.4 MEOP; qualifying both articles with a 1.4 factor of safety. The 1.4 factor of safety designation means that the first stage tank and the interstage can withstand 140 percent the maximum internal pressure expected during flight, and qualifies both pieces of hardware to meet human rating safety requirements, as defined by NASA. The first stage also passed this human rating milestone when subjected to structural bending tests.
The testing regimen included over 150 pressurization cycles, exceeding the number of required life cycles by more than 100. In addition, the first stage and interstage were subjected to stiffness tests, maximum dynamic pressure loading and main engine cutoff conditions; all at expected values, as well as ultimate loads.
“Falcon 9 continues to pass qualification testing in preparation for its first flight, scheduled for 2009,” said Elon Musk, CEO and CTO of SpaceX. “All hardware was designed to be man-rated, and these tests confirm that SpaceX is one step closer to flying humans on the Falcon 9/Dragon system.”
Falcon 9′s first stage and interstage also passed ground wind qualification tests, critical for when the vehicle is vertical on the launch pad at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. Both components were designed, built and tested by SpaceX.
Google Lunar X PRIZE contender Odyssey Moon Limited today is announcing its partnership with the International Space School Education Trust (ISSET) and their customer Moonlink Ltd. of Yorkshire to put a British science instrument on the Moon.
Moonlink has signed up with the International Space School Educational Trust (ISSET) to set aside one kilogram of payload capacity on Odyssey Moon’s “MoonOne” lunar lander, to be launched to the Moon in late 2012. Moonlink will be heading up a county wide competition driving innovation in schools, universities, and local industry in the form of a competition to design, build, and fly an experiment to the Moon.
Chris Barber, director of ISSET, said: “It is a world-class opportunity to discover the unfound genius of Yorkshire. Also, importantly, the building of a lunar experiment in Yorkshire will increase jobs, together with research and development capabilities in the region.”
The competition will be open to students from UK universities, colleges and high schools, with individual entries also invited from the public. Full-details regarding participation in the competition will be announced after summer.
Gary Fawcett, chief executive of Link Telecom, one of the UK’s leading private sector sponsors of education-related initiatives, has been appointed Managing Director of Moonlink. “The project will put Yorkshire at the forefront of technological discovery in the UK and help increase both the prestige and confidence of the region,” he said. “It will provide spin-off technologies and business opportunities, raise the county’s technological and innovative profile, boost the self-esteem of the region and help create new employment opportunities.”
Fawcett and Barber also aim to leverage the mission to increase research capabilities among Yorkshire universities and intensify student and pupil interest in STEM partnerships – a series of regional hubs
that provide up-to-date information, support and advice to schools about quality science technology engineering and mathematics activities that enhance and enrich the curriculum.
“Yorkshire is literally now leading the world in innovation,” said Odyssey Moon chairman Dr. Ramin Khadem. “We are thrilled to have ISSET and Moonlink onboard.”
“This is a fantastic opportunity for students and an inspiration to all of us,” said Odyssey Moon CEO, Dr. Robert Richards. “Seeing a program like this makes me wish I was back at school as a student again. I hope this educational competition model catches on worldwide.”


Last spring the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) produced a report that included a lengthy section on the future of Chinese space science and technology. A translation with commentary is now available on the UCS website.
The report articulates a strategic vision for Chinese space science and technology that should give pause to U.S. observers who believe Chinese investments in space technology are driven primarily by military objectives.
Defense applications for space technology are discussed in the CAS report, but they take a back seat to civilian ones, including coping with climate change, managing resources, responding to natural disasters and generating economic returns. The report identifies space debris, space environmental awareness and the emergence of global norms for behavior in space as new issues for Chinese policy-makers. CAS acknowledges human spaceflight is politically important but suggests it should compete with other Chinese space priorities on economic, scientific and technical grounds. The human program is currently administered by the General Armaments Department of the People’s Liberation Army.
The report also calls for significant changes in Chinese space policy and administration.
CAS notes that China’s Shenzhou human spaceflight program and its Chang E robotic lunar exploration program both receive significant domestic and international media attention as well as generous financial support. But CAS warns that without reforms in Chinese national space policy and administration, these expensive, high-profile programs should not be expected to make significant contributions to the primary objective of China’s national investment in space science and technology, which the report identifies as new scientific knowledge and technical capabilities that serve overall national development. This is not because these programs are unsuccessful, but because they are not organized and administered effectively. According to the report, Chinese space activities are currently managed by a hodgepodge of military and civilian entities that do not effectively coordinate objectives, manage resources or share data.
CAS calls on China’s political leadership to create an “actual national space agency” to run all of China’s space programs. The agency would be overseen by a single special committee. If enacted, these reforms would put all Chinese military, commercial and scientific satellite programs under a unified administrative body that reports directly to the central political authorities. Such a development could radically transform China’s current approach to national space policy, including making it more transparent and accountable to the expectations of the international space community.


Date: Tue Aug 2, 2016
Time: 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
North Dakota State University research and Extension personnel are collaborating with Elbit Systems of America to compare the usefulness and economics of imagery collected from a large unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), small UAS and satellite imagery. Project personnel are using a large UAS powered with an internal combustion engine to collect high-resolution imagery over 100,000 acres twice each month during the crop growing season. Four-band multispectral Imagery is also being collected twice each month with the large UAS at 4,000’, 6,000’ and 8,000’ altitude over the 4x40 mile corridor. Researchers are using small UAS to collect imagery of selected fields within the flight corridor. Since current US Federal Aviation Administration regulations require UAS line-of-sight operation, project personnel are flying a manned aircraft chase plane within visual line of sight of the UAS with a visual observer onboard. Agricultural research objectives include using the various types and sources of imagery to detect selected crop diseases, nutrient deficiencies in corn, wheat and soybeans, and impacts of excess soil moisture on crop development. Collaborating farmers are sharing detailed soil analyses and field observations, in-field optical sensor data, and crop harvest yield data in selected fields. All project imagery is transferred to, and securely stored, on NDSU Center for Computationally Assisted Science and Technology (CCAST) computers. Image processing and analyses is conducted using desktop computers. All imagery collected on the project is being made available to each land owner and agricultural producers within the image collection corridor. The project is funded jointly by the North Dakota Department of Commerce and Elbit Systems of America.
This research project analyzed 21 years of historical weather data from the Oklahoma Mesonet system. The data examined the practicality of flying unmanned aircraft for various agricultural purposes in Oklahoma. Fixed-wing and rotary wing (quad copter, octocopter) flight parameters were determined and their performance envelope was verified as a function of weather conditions. The project explored Oklahoma’s Mesonet data in order to find days that are acceptable for flying unmanned aircraft and determining specific time periods which meet criteria for varying degrees of accuracy. Since Oklahoma has great regional variability in weather and crops, the flight recommendations were assigned to specific Mesonet sites. The results of this work will help define optimum dates of flight for specific crop issues and determine which Mesonet sites to utilize for those crops. Weather data studied included wind speed and direction, cloud cover, relative humidity, precipitation, and solar radiation. Varying levels of UAV/sensor performance based on data requirements (i.e., pretty pictures, relative NDVI, geo-rectified radiometric imagery, research-grade data) were considered when establishing flyable weather criteria.
According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the lawful use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), also known as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), or more commonly as drones, are currently limited to military, research, and recreational applications. Under the FAA’s view, commercial uses of drones are illegal unless approved by the Federal government. This will change in the future. Congress authorized the FAA to develop regulations for the use of drones by private parties in the U.S by September 30, 2015 (FAA Modernization Act of 2012). FAA missed this deadline, but expects comprehensive regulations for drones to be completed by June 2016 (Jansen, 2015).
Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and a stereovision approach were implemented to generate a 3D reconstruction of the top of the canopy. The 3D reconstruction or CSM (crop surface model) was utilized to evaluate biophysical parameters for both spatial- and temporal-scales. The main goal of the project was to evaluate sUAVs technology to assist plant height and biomass estimation. The main outcome of this process was to utilize CSMs to gain insights in the spatial-temporal dynamic of plants within the experiment. Four experiments were carried out during 2015 corn growing season and utilized for ground-truth validation. The experiments were located at Ashland Bottoms Research Farm, Kansas State University (Manhattan, KS). Flight missions and ground-truthing were accomplished at two critical stages of biomass accumulation. At known locations individual plant height and biomass were measured and correlated to plant height estimation at the same locations in the CSMs. Same samples plants were then compared to a stem volume estimation by mixing estimated plant height from the CSM and ground stalk diameter from the same plants and locations. Plant height correlation was stronger at flowering stage than 2 weeks –prior flowering. Plant biomass estimation became stronger by adding ancillary field data. Per-plant basis results suggested that the CSMs could assist prediction of biophysical variables. Outcomes from this study confirmed that UASs could assist predicting “key” traits (“on-farm rapid phenotyping”).
Active crop canopy sensors have been used to non-destructively estimate nitrogen (N) nutrition index (NNI) for in-season site-specific N management. However, it is time-consuming and challenging to carry the hand-held active crop sensors and walk across large paddy fields. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing is a promising approach to overcoming the limitations of proximal sensing. The objective of this study was to combine unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing system and Crop Circle ACS-430 to estimate rice (Oryza sativa. L.) N status for guiding topdressing N application in Northeast China. Two N rate experiments involving two different varieties were conducted in 2014 at Jiansanjiang Experiment Station of China Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. An active canopy sensor Crop Circle ACS-430 with three spectral bands (red(R), red edge (RE) and near infrared (NIR)) and an Octocopter UAV equipped with a Mini Multi-Camera Array (Mini-MCA) imaging system with five spectral bands (blue (B), green (G), R, RE and NIR) were used to collect reflectance data at the panicle initiation (PI) and stem elongation (SE) stages. The preliminary results indicated that Crop Circle ACS430-based vegetation indices (VIs) explained 79-80% and 86-87% variability of aboveground biomass (AGB) and plant N uptake (PNU), respectively, but had very poor relationship with plant N concentration (PNC) (R2 = 0.16-0.21) across all stages. The N sufficiency index (NSI) calculated with Crop Circle ACS-430 vegetation indices (NNI-VIs) had better correlation with NNI than the original VIs, especially at SE stage and across both stages, with the best R2 of 0.65 and 0.69. UAV-based remote sensing VIs could be used to estimate Crop Circle VIs and NSI-VIs very well at both growth stages. The NSIVIs-NNI approach performed well for diagnosing rice N status. Combining UAV-based remote sensing system and Crop Circle ACS-430 had a good potential for in-season diagnosis of rice N status at PI stage, with the highest accuracy rate (90%) and kappa statistics (0.62), but did not perform well at SE stage and across both stages. More studies are needed to further evaluate these different strategies.
Today’s intensive agricultural production needs to increase its efficiency in order to keep its profitability in the current market of decreasing prices on one hand, and to reduce the environmental impact on the other. Crop growers are starting to adopt side dressing nitrogen fertilization as part of their fertilization programs, for which they need accurate information about biomass development and nitrogen condition in the crop. This information is usually acquired through ground sampling, missing the spatial variability, and therefore forcing an average field-base management.
The Robin System has shown high capability for identifying spatial variability throughout a large range of crops and conditions. These results have established the basis to start developing algorithms for the retrieval of quantitative biophysical parameters. Synthetic data was used for establishing empirical relationships between crops’ biophysical parameters and reflectance data. A large Look-Up-Table (LUT) was build, from which the most reliable and sensitive functions were selected for retrieving Chlorophyll content and Leaf Area Index (LAI) from the Robin Eye spectral bands.
The main objective of this study was to validate the crop biophysical parameters retrieved using the selected LUT functions from two Robin Eye images that were acquired over wheat crop in South Africa during the southern winter season of 2015. Between the two acquisition dates, ground sampling was performed for biomass and nitrogen content analysis. As the sampling was performed after the first image was acquired, the definition of the sampling points was performed from the first image so to characterize the spatial variability of the field. A coefficient of determination of 0.96 was obtained for the LAI vs. Biomass relationship, while 0.97 for the Chlorophyll Content vs. Nitrogen concentration relationship. These results confirm that the combination of highly sensitive and accurate data together with robust theoretical models, can generate reliable and valuable information for the crop decision making process.


For an once in a lifetime real experience you have to join our Marrakesh hot air balloon flight. Leaving Marrakesh very early in the morning we will take you outside Marrakesh to a special place outside the city. Here the magic happens.
Hot Air balloon Marrakesh
This half day trip for a hot air balloon flight will take you to the countryside outside Marrakesh.
There the magic happens.
And you will go into the air with an experienced staff for the hot air balloon flight
- Excursions Marrakech


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The Friends of the Eric Sloane Museum are interested in speaking with any pilots who flew military and/or commercial aircraft in the 1940s and 1950s. We have spoken with several individuals who flew in these capacities during this era who recall using some of Eric Sloane’s early works for the Army Air Corps and some early books on meteorology written and illustrated by Eric Sloane. We would really like to have a pilot join us for one of our events in 2014 on the grounds of the Eric Sloane Museum in Kent, Connecticut. This year, the Eric Sloane Museum will explore Eric Sloane and his work with the sky and clouds. The Friends of the Eric Sloane Museum will continue to update posts on our Facebook page and on this blog.


"This particular ultrasonic tester has met all my needs, and will advance the survival equipment shops to a new high tech level for the future."
CTRL Government Solutions
CTRL technology is being provided to military and other government organizations to meet the critical needs of readiness, improved man-hours, and evaluation of critical systems.
The performance and quality of CTRL's products have been proven, and re-affirmed by NASA's selection of the UL101 ultrasound sensor for maintenance and leak detection on the International Space Station and all of the shuttles as well as several platforms by the U.S. military and prime contractors such as Lockheed Martin.NASA
Proven QualityCTRL has been awarded the Gold Medal For Quality Performance by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond, VA. CTRL was recognized as one of the government's best suppliers due to CTRL providing 10 or more contract lines and scoring a perfect 100% on the stringent quality and delivery requirments established by the Defense Logistics Agency. Army Request For Quotation
Proven PerformanceCTRL products were selected and tested by NASA for mission critical maintenance diagnostics and leak detection. The UL101 was chosen from a variety of competitive devices for ease of use, performance, superior signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity, and very low power consumption.
Navy Request For Quotation
Proven BenefitsThe UL101 has replaced older ultrasound devices on a variety of systems and platforms for critical applications. Large scale implementation of the technology was demonstrated to result in immediate returns on investment while reducing man-hours.
Air Force Request For Quotation
Proven ResultsImplementation in the various government organizations such as military, aerospace, and regulated industries have been utilizing CTRL technology and achieving the expected results for many years. Results include decreased man-hours, decreased parts swapping, improved production and readiness, and much more. Marines Request For Quotation


Everyone at some point has probably heard or seen the word ‘drone’, whether on the internet, in the media or just in general day to day conversations. What we perceive to be a drone can differ depending on your knowledge and there are many different varieties of drone! There was a time when drones were a technology released only for the use of the military, more commonly named UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle) or RPAS (Remotely Piloted Air System) but the amazing journey of the technology allows drones to now be widely available to the public to use recreationally and commercially. The many different types of drone allow many different people to enjoy the technology and discover the fun of piloting drones.
Are there different types of drones?
The simple answer to this questions is yes! With drones now widely available commercially and on the internet, there are many different drone types that cover different budgets and usage needs. The most common type of drone available is the quadcopters, the drones with four blades. On one end of the market there are drones classified as toys – these are small, lightweight and easy to operate, often with the supervision of adults. This means that even children can enjoy the fun of drone flying! These are usually stunt drones, even radio controlled helicopters are a type of drone toy as it still can be airborne! On the other end of the market, there are drones that have image capture capabilities with varying camera qualities. These are often used commercially with businesses, media outlets and photographers who want to achieve a different style of camera angle.
What should I be aware of about drones?
This is a great question, and whilst we know that operating drones is great fun there are certain things you should be aware of before flying your drone. It’s important to think about rules that might in place to ensure you fly your drone safely and responsibly at the same time as enjoying it but also keeping within the regulations set out by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Below are some steps to think about before taking you drone for a spin:
- When flying your drone, it can’t go any higher than 400ft in the air. This is usually to make sure that you don’t cause collisions with any other aircraft that might be in the air.
- Keep your drone in your line of sight at all times. This allows you to keep an eye on anything you might bump into whilst flying it and ensures you don’t lose it if it runs out of power.
- There are distance limits in place for example; 50m away from people and properties, 150m from crowds and built-up areas.
- It is important not to fly close to any aircraft or airports as this can affect safety and cause disruption. The law is to stay 1km away from an airport perimeter.
- Flying with a camera can be great fun as you can get a different perspective of the world around you. But be mindful of what you might be capturing and that it doesn’t break any privacy laws – usually this means images of people or restricted areas.
The steps above allow you to keep enjoying your drone and staying mindful of your safety and others around you. It is important to note that you are responsible for your drone, so if you are enjoying your drone with others and you let your friends use it make sure to be with them when they do so! If you decide you would like to use your drone for commercial use, it is important to get more information on the CAA website as you will require a licence to operate.
Can my drone be too heavy?
In recent years, regulations for drone flying have been updated. The steps listed in the previous section mainly apply to drones that weigh under 250g. If you’re drone weighs over this then there are extra precautions to be taken alongside these steps. It is required by law to register your drone with the CAA, and follow these three main requirements:
- Pass an online test that gets you a flyer ID
- Register for an operator ID
- Label any drones you own
In the next few years it is expected that fliers will be required to use a mobile app that maps out flight paths and detects other aircraft.
With these safety measures in place, it allows people to enjoy the use of drone flight and enjoy a technology that can be used in many different ways!


Moss Technical was founded in 1998 by Andy Moss, an aircraft electronics engineer in the Royal Air Force, who dreamed of owning and developing a business founded on the qualities learned during his service in the RAF: Dependability, integrity, professionalism and on-going commitment to the very highest standards.
Moss Technical are an NICEIC approved Electrical Contractor and Niko approved Home Automation Specialist and Distributor, dedicated to providing our customers with the highest standard of service and workmanship.
We are dedicated to providing our customers with the highest standard of service and workmanship.
We provide a high quality, responsive, reliable and cost-effective range of electrical installations and services.
Keep up to date with all
the recentMossTech news and
read our blogs
We also provide services for the installation, commissioning and maintenance of a wide variety of electrical services in the domestic, commercial, retail and industrial sectors.


Bulova made space history on August 2nd, 1971 – during the Apollo 15 mission, a lunar pilot chronograph, customised for lunar conditions by Bulova engineers, was worn on the moon. Now Bulova makes history again with the special edition Lunar Pilot Chronograph Watch, updated with Bulova’s exclusive high performance quartz movement with a frequency of 262 kHz for unparalleled accuracy, continuing a history of precision timing. Features include super-luminous hands and markers, anti-reflective sapphire glass, tachymeter and calendar all housed in a solid 316L surgical-grade stainless steel in silver-tone with black dial. Two interchangeable straps are included – one a textured black leather; the other, a black nylon with a nubuck leather patch that commemorates the date of mission (DOM) as 08021971. Gift-box presentation includes a Certificate of Authenticity.
Movement: High Performance Quartz
Material: Stainless steel
Strap: Leather / Nylon
Water resistance: 50m / 5atm
Crystal: Sapphire crystal
As an authorised stockist, this product comes with manufacturers 3 year warranty, box, and the Jewellers Ark Money back guarantee.


PO. Arthur Marcus Fitzgerald, RAF(VR) 148128
Web site..... http://www.lancastered627.bravehost.com
Arthur Marcus Fitzgerald was born on February 13, 1923 at Newport, Monmouthshire, UK. His parents were Gerald Fitzgerald and Harriet (nee McGuire). He was one of three brothers, the others being Donald and Albert. Before joining the RAF, he worked as a clerk in Newport.
He joined the RAF on April 4, 1941 and was posted to the Oxford Reserve. He continued his flying training through-out 1941 and in 1942 was sent for further training to Canada and the USA. While in North America he trained at Turner Field, Carleston Field and at the Advanced Flying school at Gunter Field. He returned to the UK to complete his training and finally on June 8, 1943 he was posted to 207 Squadron, based at Langar airfield, Nottinghamshire.
207 Squadron Motto.... Always Prepared
Arthur flew his first op on June 12/13, 1943 on a raid to bomb the town of Bochum. Altogether he completed twelve "Operations" including the famous raid on August 17/18, 1943 to bomb Peenemunde, the V1 and V2 rocket research establishment. Between July and August 1943, he was promoted to Pilot Officer.
His thirteenth raid took place on August 27/28 1943 and was an op to bomb the city of Nuremberg. Arthur failed to return from this op and he, along with the other six crew members, perished when their aircraft, Lancaster, ED627, EM-N of 207 Squadron was shot down near the town of Schwäbisch Hall, Germany. Another aircraft of the same squadron, EM-V was also shot down at the same time. This crew also lost their lives.
Arthur's op's took him and his crew on raids, attacking the towns and cities of Bochum, Oberhausen, Mulheim, Wuppertal, Cologne, Mannheim, Peenemunde, Berlin, Nuremberg and in Italy, Turin and Milan.
Click on images.
Arthur, Harriet and Donald Arthur, Gerald, Donald, Albert and Harriet
For further information about Arthur and his crew click on the link below.
Visit the 207 Squadron Web site by clicking the link below


A national hero, a quick thinker and an extremely skilled pilot. On January 15th, 2009, Capt. Chesley “Sully” Sullenberger made an emergency landing in New York’s Hudson River after US Airways Flight 1549 hit a flock of geese and both plane engines failed. Miraculously, all of the 155 passengers and crew survived the harrowing ordeal, and Sullenberger become a national hero in the eyes of both the public and the media.
Clint Eastwood’s new biographical drama film Sully starring Tom Hanks takes a deep look into the almost unknown aftermath of the emergency landing of Flight 1549 and the investigations that followed. Soon after being hailed a hero for saving all 155 lives on board the ill-fated flight Sullenberger learns that tests conducted for the National Transportation Safety Board suggest that the left engine was simply idled when the birds were struck, and was not completely disabled as Sullenberger claimed.In theory, this would have left Sullenberger with enough power to return to LaGuardia or land at Teterboro. Several flight simulations created from all available data of the incident also concluded that the plane could have been able to safely land at an airport even with both engines disabled. Sullenberger, however, maintained that he did not have enough time, speed or altitude to guide the plane to a safe landing at an airport.
Sullenberger then realises that the NTSB is angling that the accident was due to pilot error which would effectively end his career. In a bid to save his reputation, Sully arranges to have the simulator pilots available for a live recreation at the public hearing on the accident. When both simulations end with successful landings, Sullenberger counters that the simulations are unrealistic without believable accounting for basic human reactions to the incident. When pressed on this, the inquiry board admits that the simulation pilots were allowed several practice sessions before being recorded and there was no time allowed for human reaction.
With this in mind the inquiry board orders the simulation redone, but this time allowing time for human reaction. This time the simulations show that the plane would not have made it back to LaGuardia or to Teterboro. Both would have resulted in non-survivable crashes. With this evidence, the board concludes, that Flight 1549 was an unavoidable accident, and that Sullenberger performed the best possible actions under the circumstances to save lives. (Hero status reinstated!)
Sully is a powerful and inspiring story about bravery, heroism and survival. It definitely left me with a tear in my eye and goose bumps on my arms. What an incredible story! 4 out of 5 Stars! Now Showing.


1) For a nation other than U.S., identify the government entity that is the counterpart of the FAA Aircraft Registry. Civil aircraft registered in the U.S. are identified by the letter N, followed by numbers or a combination of numbers and letters. What markings identify civil aircraft registered in the nation you chose?
2) For ground transportation, ride-sharing programs such as Uber are gaining popularity. Several companies, such as Open Airplane, Diamond Share, Air Power, Flytenow and SkyPool were formed to offer similar air transportation programs using privately owned, non-commercially operated aircraft on an expense-sharing basis under 14 CFR 61.118(b). Determine the FAA`s present position on the legality of such operations and the reasoning behind that position, and then evaluate its reasonableness.


The Need for Establishing a New United Nations Body to Protect Earth from Back Contamination and Outer Space from Forward Contamination - Pages 920-924
Aleksandar Milanov and George Penchev
Published: 06 November 2020
Abstract: The purpose of the article is to explore the necessity to establish a new United Nations body, which is authorised to monitor and protect Earth and its organisms from biological contamination from extra-terrestrial sources and to protect outer space from forwarding contamination. Recent studies show that these contaminations could potentially have an extremely detrimental effecton life on Earth and for the safety of future outer space exploration. The study is doctrinal research and primary and secondary legal sources of international space law and environmental law are analysed. The research also applies a theoretical approach to determine what sets of principles should be applied and what intuitional innovation is needed to achieve optimally the goals of improving safety standards. This article presents a proposal for establishing a specialized UN organ to monitor an international agreement for the international planetary quarantine protocol of Earth. The need of establishing a new body in the system of the UN for protection of the Earth’s environment from harmful contamination caused by activities in outer space is quite distinguished. This publication aims also to increase awareness about the need for institutional innovation of the present UN system, particularly concerning global challenges like contamination from outer space and contamination of outer space. One of the major global challenges of today is the absence of safeguards for the protection of Earth from back contamination, an extra-terrestrial source of infection and destruction of space debris on the surface. The proposed new legal instrument would create guarantees for the protection of Earth and the outer space environment, support the adoption of a common space situational awareness system for monitoring and disclosing information about what is happening in outer space.
Keywords: Back contamination, International planetary protocol, New UN body, Contamination of Earth’s environment, Contamination of outer space, Forward contamination.


AS9100 Quality System
Electro Enterprises, Inc. implements a third-party registered AS9100 Quality System. Specifically, the AS9100 Quality System is an ISO 9001 based standard with additions and interpretations specific to the aerospace industry and an emphasis on safety, reliability and regulatory compliance for aerospace products.
To download our registration certificate, please click here.
Electro Enterprises, Inc. pledges to provide quality products and quality performance to every customer. Our primary goal is to meet or exceed customer expectations and to strive for total customer satisfaction through continual improvement.
The goals of Electro Enterprises, Inc., its management and employees are total customer satisfaction through:
On Time Deliveries


We’d like to wish a Happy 44th Birthday to Trey Parker, co-creator of the brilliant South Park series, the outlandish film; Team America: World Police and the recent Broadway and West End musical hit (which Max still desperately wants to see); The Book of Mormon.
We’d also like to wish a Happy Anniversary to the re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere of the Apollo 10 Command module. The mission was a dry-run for the upcoming lunar landing with Apollo 11 two months later. Apollo 10, while it wasn’t the first to do so, managed to orbit the moon coming within 8.4 nautical miles (15.6 km) of the lunar surface during practice maneuvers. The Apollo 10 mission has also set the record for the highest speed attained by a manned vehicle at 24,791 mph (39,897 km/h) during the return from the Moon on May 26th 1969.
Links to the Multiverse
Jaron Lanier: The Internet destroyed the middle class – Scott Timberg, Salon
The 25 most epic cat beards of all time – Summer Anne Burton, Buzzfeed
PROGRESS – a cancer within the British Labour Party!! – Respect for the Unemployed and Benefit Claimants
Woolwich and Terror: We must resist having our enemies constructed for us – Scriptonite Daily
Its Time to Stop Pandering to UKIP – Keith Taylor, Green European Journal
A dissenting traditional: The New Statesman and the left – Peter Wilby, New Statesman


Warning lights for wind farms and other very tall structures need to be triggered only as required to satisfy the demands of dark sky legislation and to conserve energy.
Doppler radar reliably detects aircraft and activates these warning light systems, even in response to small airborne targets like microlights.
Doppler processing of radar returns provides coherent information about a target's velocity and enables the detection of very small and slow moving objects and targets with a low Radar Cross Section (RCS). Also, through a series of electronic filters, it is able to distinguish between the target and sea, rain and land clutter.
Moving Target Detection (MTD), provides enhanced clutter suppression at the Doppler processing stage and pulse compression of the return signal enabling a low transmit power providing efficient use of the radar. Other Doppler radars may employ less advanced techniques such as Moving Target Indication (MTI), which does not take full advantage of the radial velocity information.
Kelvin Hughes works with expert partners specializing in aircraft warning lights for wind farms and wind turbines.


Russia’s Defense Ministry has confirmed that one of its Ilyushin Il-76 military transport planes has crashed in Russia on Tuesday, citing engine failure as the reason which occurred shortly after take-off.
The 15 total people that were on board, including eight crew members and seven passengers, are feared dead amid emergency efforts to reach and assess the crash site. Initial local reports said there were no survivors.
“An Il-76 military transport aviation plane crashed in the Ivanovo region while taking off to perform a scheduled flight. On board were eight crew members and seven passengers,” the defense ministry statement said.
Russian authorities have been further cited as saying that “the cause of the disaster was a fire in one of the engines during take-off.”
It happened over the Ivanovo region, which lies some 125 miles east of Moscow. Shocking video of the large transport plane flying low with one of its engines shooting flames out of it has widely circulated on social media.
Russia’s state-backed RT has written, “According to media reports, the plane’s pilot was trying to return to the Ivanovo Severny air base but was unable to do so.” That’s when the pilot “apparently diverted the doomed aircraft away from a village, crashing it near a cemetery.”
Video which has been authenticated by state media of the large military transport plane going down:
Russian Il-76 crashes near Ivanovo, 200 km north-east of Moscow. 12 Russians were reportedly on board. pic.twitter.com/YuVfa3Lixk
— Breaking Aviation News & Videos (@aviationbrk) March 12, 2024
The Il-76 has been in operation since 1971 when it was produced as the Soviet air force’s main heavy transport plane. It is capable of taking some 140 paratroopers into battle.
Russia is believed to have well over 100 Ilyushin Il-76 military transport planes in service by aerial forces, and they also have civilian use. They’ve been heavily relied upon to transport troops and equipment to and from the Ukraine battlefield over the last two years of war.
Another angle which appears to show parts falling from one of the engines:
A Russian Il-76 military transport aircraft had a bird strike and then attempted to land, but during that attempt.. one of the engines fell off.
On final approach, it did crash. pic.twitter.com/pE33BA9aiX
— Global: Military-Info (@Global_Mil_Info) March 12, 2024
Back in January, a major disaster unfolded when an Il-76 went down in the the Belgorod region near the border with Ukraine. Russian authorities said Ukraine forces shot the aircraft down, and 65 Ukrainian POWs who were being transported at the time died.
There were also six crew members and three Russian servicemen who perished, and it resulted also in Moscow accusations that a Western-supplied missile had hit the plane.


Main / Lifestyle / Beechcraft 1900d Manuals
Beechcraft 1900d Manuals
Name: Beechcraft 1900d Manuals
File size: 269mb
Model D Airliner NOTE: This electronic manual contains copyrighted material and may not be reproduced without written permission from Beechcraft. Beech Airliner Maintenance Training Manual v.i - Ebook download as PDF File .pdf), Text File .txt) or read book online. Documents Similar To Beechcraft BEFS-Systems Descriptions Manual. B_POHbeechcraft. Uploaded by. John Plapan · Beech Airliner . Get this from a library! Beech airliner pilot training manual: volume 2, aircraft systems. (1) Flight Manual: Beech C Airliner ICAO Pilot's Operating Beech D FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual UE-1 and after.
Visual Horizontal and Vertical Stabilizer Inspection Results. Beechcraft D Structural Inspection Manual. Deployment of SIM. trathardtcarup.tk trathardtcarup.tk will get you started. Your company should provide more in depth study material as part of. The Beechcraft is a passenger, pressurized twin-engine turboprop fixed- wing aircraft . after the students became disoriented due to heavily stressing conditions imposed by the instructor, against the company's flight manual. Beechcraft D Airliner Training Manual (part# BED-TR-C). Visual Horizontal and Vertical Stabilizer Inspection Results. Beechcraft D Structural Inspection Manual. Deployment of SIM.
Beech Airliner Maintenance Training Manual v.i - Ebook download as PDF File .pdf), Text File .txt) or read book online. Beechcraft BEFS-Systems Descriptions Manual. Uploaded by Peter Thomas. Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC). Download as PDF or. (2) The online flight manuals are no longer available on trathardtcarup.tk but are .. the D Maintenance Manual (P/N B9) has been released . Enter either a full or partial part number or use the pull-down menus for a specific "Model" and "Manual" type. Current Publications Only, All Available. Records 1 - 13 Part Number: , Revision: A6 MAY , Mailed Date: Description: CORROSION CONTROL MANUAL. Effectivity: MODEL


We are Able
Able Space Corporation is an engineering consulting company focused on solving problems in mechanical and aerospace engineering. With an emphasis on rapid turnaround of projects, Able is able to design and optimize solutions to client problems and then manufacture prototypes in-house. Able Space is a small business incorporated in Colorado.
Able Space Corporation is led by Ben Brockert. Mr. Brockert has unique experience in the suborbital spaceflight industry, having worked on over a dozen rocket vehicles at two companies. Contributions included project management, mechanism design, coordination with local and federal authorities, rocket engine development, launch infrastructure, propellant handling, and running rocket test operations. This culminated in $1.15M won in the Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge, the first in-flight engine restart of a vertical takeoff-vertical landing vehicle, and launches up to 95km.


The First Ever Poker
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Lego Nasa Area Shuttle Discovery Equipment
Joining the likes of the LEGO NASA Space Shuttle Concept, the LEGO x NASA Apollo 11 Lunar Lander, and the LEGO Ideas Airstream NASA Astrovan is the LEGO NASA Space Shuttle Discovery Kit kit you see here. What’s extra, this set includes separate display stands for the Hubble Telescope and the Discovery Shuttle you’ll be constructing, so all your bases are coated. The LEGO NASA Space Shuttle Discovery Kit shall be released on April 1st, 2021.
I even have always been completely fascinated by area travel and as partnerships go, LEGO x NASA is a match made in heaven so I was over the moon when this turned up on my doorstep. This is the enduring appeal of the Space Race, and of house exploration more generally, as a result of it represents one thing so much bigger than anybody particular person, country or ideal; one thing we want now greater than ever. Whatever the longer term holds, it’s going to in the end be Voyager 1 and a pair of, now some 15 billion miles away, that carry our enduring legacy out into the nice past. The Space Shuttle Discovery is on sale from 1 April 2021 with 2354 pieces. There are not any minifigs or microfigs included, so I invited some pals. It will retail for 179,99€/ £169.99/ US$199.99/ CA$269.99/ AU$299.99/ NZ$319.ninety nine.
When stowed away, the solar panels fold in so it could possibly fit in the shuttle. LEGO selected the Space Shuttle Discovery to commemorate former NASA Astronaut Kathy Sullivan, the primary girl to walk in space. You can see a full interview along with her on the LEGO web site, where she goes over the numerous details LEGO managed to fit into the set.
New Elements And Recolours In Lego Nasa Space Shuttle Discovery
Take a journey of exploration with this LEGO® NASA Space Shuttle Discovery model constructing kit for adults. Discovery flew extra missions than another shuttle, deploying the Hubble Space Telescope and serving to to construct the International Space Station too. Featuring 2,354 pieces, this partaking new set lets you construct not just a Shuttle, but the legendary Hubble Space Telescope too.
The first American woman to complete a spacewalk in 1984, former NASA Astronaut Kathy Sullivan joined the staff on the Space Shuttle Discovery and went on to participate in the mission to deploy the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990. Today Dr. Sullivan works to assist break down obstacles here on earth and encourage kids, and especially ladies, to contemplate careers in the science, know-how, engineering and mathematics fields. Creative strengthening of the middle part was finally deployed, not least to keep the landing gear working as nicely. “We also had to somehow link the entrance landing gear and the rear landing gear – and a landing perform — through a hollow payload bay,” Madge said with a laugh. Scientist Frederic Bertley and former NASA astronaut Kathryn Sullivan with Lego’s NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery set. “A common adage within the astronaut corps is plans are nothing, but planning is every little thing,” she said.
They look like die-reduce from the identical materials we saw in the Monkey King Warrior Mech. The dangerous news is that they’re printed on black, again, though LEGO have confirmed this method is on the way out. The good news is that as there’s no dark brown or dark blue you received’t want laser vision and the persistence of a saint to construct this set.
Lego Area Imperial Shuttle Lego Sets & Packs
Measuring over 21″ at its widest level, this adult LEGO kit is comprised of two,354 items that precisely recreate the early-90s-period 249,109lb shuttle. Sold with two stands and plaques for the orbiter and the Hubble Telescope, the LEGO NASA Space Shuttle Discovery Set might be out there in limited numbers with pricing set at $200. VIP members can even buy a supplementary LEGO Ulysses Space Probe to go with the package.
Like most of those earlier house sets, the area shuttle one commemorates an enormous anniversary; April 12, 2021 will be the 40th anniversary of STS-1’s launch, the crewed mission that began the 135 flights of the space shuttle program. Now based mostly in Denmark, Madge mentioned it was a creative challenge to construct a practical shuttle that would nonetheless hold collectively in Lego format. The set is targeted for the adult crowd, versus quite a few different space shuttle units made for kids in past decades. Sullivan herself didn’t use Lego as a child, although she did use erector-kind sets. She stated the challenges of placing things together in the proper method — even when you make a mistake during constructing — apply even during actual-life space missions.
Firstly, what a completely stunning set, and an excellent addition to your LEGO Space assortment. This ode to NASA’s Space Shuttle program is meant to commemorate the original NASA STS-31 mission, over 30 years in the past, which launched the Hubble Telescope – capturing images of our universe, to help us perceive more concerning the nice past. HiConsumption was established by gearheads for gearheads as a modern-day men’s lifestyle publication, uncovering the greatest merchandise in journey, tech, gear, automotive, and elegance.


Boeing’s Starliner space capsule launch could be postponed for several months due to the need to retrieve it from atop a rocket for repairs, according to sources familiar with the situation. A delay of this magnitude would be a blow for Boeing’s space programme. After a failed effort a year and a half ago, the business spent years preparing the Starliner, which was meant to launch late last month to dock with the International Space Station without anybody on board.
The capsule’s ultimate goal is to transport humans to the International Space Station. Boeing workers have been attempting to fix a problem with some of the valves in the Starliner propulsion system that was found earlier this month while the plane was parked on a launchpad. Last week, the business announced that it was looking into the valve difficulties, and on Monday, it revealed that 13 valves had failed to open as expected during preflight testing.
The business also stated that it would work with NASA and United Launch Alliance, a joint venture between it and Lockheed Martin Corp. that provides the rocket that would send the Starliner to space, to schedule a new launch “when the spacecraft is ready.” On Monday, Boeing and NASA indicated they had not given up hope of launching the in August. The earliest potential date for another attempt, NASA indicated at the time, would be in the middle of this month. Other missions are scheduled for the space station, aggravating the situation when the tries to return to the facility without crew members.


Welcome to Superior Air, your premier travel agency specialized in providing exceptional services in the areas of travel agents, airport shuttles, and airports. In this article, we will delve into the world of charter plane rental cost, revealing all the important details you need to know.
Understanding Charter Plane Rental Cost
Charter plane rental offers a convenient and luxurious way to travel, especially for those seeking flexibility, privacy, and personalized travel experiences. However, one of the common concerns people have is the cost associated with charter plane rentals.
The cost of charter plane rentals varies depending on several factors, including the duration of the flight, the size and type of the aircraft, the distance traveled, and any additional services or amenities requested. Superior Air understands that transparency is key, and we strive to provide you with the most competitive prices without compromising on quality.
The Factors Affecting Charter Plane Rental Cost
Let's take a closer look at the factors that influence the cost of charter plane rentals:
1. Duration of the Flight
The longer the duration of your flight, the higher the rental cost is likely to be. This is because longer flights require more fuel, crew members, and maintenance, contributing to the overall expenses.
2. Size and Type of Aircraft
The size and type of aircraft you choose significantly impact the rental cost. Larger and more luxurious planes generally come with higher rental fees. However, Superior Air offers a wide range of options to cater to your specific travel needs within your budget.
3. Distance Traveled
The distance you plan to travel plays a crucial role in determining the cost. Longer distance flights may involve additional expenses, such as fuel, landing fees, and airport charges.
4. Additional Services and Amenities
Customization and extra services can also influence the overall charter plane rental cost. Whether you require specific in-flight catering options, exclusive ground transportation arrangements, or any other personalized requests, Superior Air can tailor a package to suit your preferences.
Why Choose Superior Air for Charter Plane Rentals
With Superior Air, not only do you gain access to a wide selection of aircraft and competitive pricing, but you also benefit from our commitment to exceptional customer service and years of experience in the industry.
- Unmatched Expertise: Our team of travel agents has extensive knowledge and expertise in charter plane rentals, ensuring you receive reliable guidance throughout the booking process.
- Luxurious Fleet: Choose from our impressive fleet of premium aircraft, ranging from spacious executive jets to comfortable turboprops, all featuring state-of-the-art amenities to make your journey enjoyable and convenient.
- Cost-Effective Solutions: Superior Air is dedicated to providing cost-effective solutions without compromising on quality or safety. We work closely with you to understand your requirements and offer personalized options tailored to suit your budget.
- Time-Saving Convenience: By flying with Superior Air, you can enjoy the benefits of avoiding long security lines, limited flight schedules, and crowded airports. We provide a hassle-free travel experience, allowing you to maximize your time and productivity.
- Transparent Pricing: At Superior Air, we believe in transparent pricing. Our travel agents will provide you with a detailed breakdown of the charter plane rental cost, ensuring there are no hidden fees or surprises.
Contact Superior Air Today
If you are ready to embark on a remarkable journey with Superior Air and experience the luxury and convenience of charter plane rentals, our dedicated team of travel agents is here to assist you. Contact us today to discuss your travel plans, obtain a customized quotation, or inquire about our airport shuttle services and airport facilities.
Superior Air - Your gateway to unforgettable travel experiences!


NASA is Giving Away Travel Posters – And They Are Awesome!
Get your printer ready
NASA has traveled to places we can only dream about. Spa travel might not be close to reality for us regular people anytime soon, but NASA for sure helps us keeping the dream alive. Check out these new travel posters from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
You can take a virtual trip to 14 alien worlds, and even print out these posters with planetary art in the form of futuristic space tourism posters. The posters are available free for downloading and printing at:
The posters are the brainchild of The Studio at JPL, a design and strategy team that works with JPL scientists and engineers to visualize and depict complex science and technology topics. Their work is used in designing space missions and in sharing the work of NASA/JPL with the public.
Here are a few just to get you excited:
There’s no place like home. Warm, wet and with an atmosphere that’s just right, Earth is the only place we know of with life – and lots of it. JPL’s Earth science missions monitor our home planet and how it’s changing so it can continue to provide a safe haven as we reach deeper into the cosmos.
Astonishing geology and the potential to host the conditions for simple life make Jupiter’s moon Europa a fascinating destination for future exploration. Beneath its icy surface, Europa is believed to conceal a global ocean of salty liquid water twice the volume of Earth’s oceans. Tugging and flexing from Jupiter’s gravity generates enough heat to keep the ocean from freezing. On Earth, wherever we find water, we find life. What will NASA’s Europa mission find when it heads for this intriguing moon in the 2020s.
Discovered in October 2013 using direct imaging, PSO J318.5-22 belongs to a special class of planets called rogue, or free-floating, planets. Wandering alone in the galaxy, they do not orbit a parent star. Not much is known about how these planets come to exist, but scientists theorize that they may be either failed stars or planets ejected from very young systems after an encounter with another planet. These rogue planets glow faintly from the heat of their formation. Once they cool down, they will be dancing in the dark.
NASA’s Voyager mission took advantage of a once-every-175-year alignment of the outer planets for a grand tour of the solar system. The twin spacecraft revealed details about Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune – using each planet’s gravity to send them on to the next destination. Voyager set the stage for such ambitious orbiter missions as Galileo to Jupiter and Cassini to Saturn. Today both Voyager spacecraft continue to return valuable science from the far reaches of our solar system.
NASA’s Mars Exploration Program seeks to understand whether Mars was, is, or can be a habitable world. Mission like Mars Pathfinder, Mars Exploration Rovers, Mars Science Laboratory and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, among many others, have provided important information in understanding of the habitability of Mars. This poster imagines a future day when we have achieved our vision of human exploration of Mars and takes a nostalgic look back at the great imagined milestones of Mars exploration that will someday be celebrated as “historic sites.”


THUNDER OVER NORTH BEACH
THUNDER OVER NORTH BEACH
Air Shows are second only to Major League Baseball in number of attendees each year across North America. For
over 100 years, Air Shows have provided the general public with the fascination of flight ranging from the Barnstormers
of the 1920's to the precision aerobatics of space-age technological aircraft of today.
It has been well over 20 Years since Racine, Wisconsin has seen a world-class Air Show. Starting in the summer of 2020 Air Shows will once again be a part of the southeastern Wisconsin family of outdoor entertainment.
Geographically situated within 10 million people in the heart of the Midwest, the Thunder Over North Beach Airshow will draw Air Show talent from all across the world for summer afternoons of aerial entertainment. The event is set to place 4th July, 2020.
Racine 4th of July “Parade of Planes” to Feature United States Air Force Heritage Flight with the F-22 Stealth Raptor and P-51 Mustang & U.S. Army Black Daggers Parachute Team.
Racine Airshow & Flyovers will host the United States Air Force F-22 Raptor for a flyover known as the Heritage Flight at 10:30 AM on 4th July 2019 in Racine, WI.
The Heritage Flight consists of a modern day fighter jet paired with a WW2, Korean, or Vietnam era fighter. This years team features F-22 pilot Major Paul “Loco” Lopez and P-51 pilot Tommy Limiter Williams.
The Heritage flight honors all Air Force past and present.
The U.S. Army Black Daggers will jump over North Beach at 8:00 PM.
A special thank you goes to Lawrence Scheleser at Air Combat Command for assisting in this years special flight.
10:30 AM USAF HERITAGE FLIGHT FEATURING THE F-22 RAPTOR AND P-51 MUSTANG
6:00PM Local EAA Planes
8:00PM U.S. ARMY SPECIAL FORCES BLACK DAGGERS PARACHUTE TEAM
VISIT OUR FACEBOOK FOR MORE DETAILS AND INFORMATION REGARDING FLYOVERS AND RACINE, WI 2021 AIRSHOW.
ACCEPTING ALL SPONSORS NOW FOR RACINE, WI AIRSHOW 2021.
YOU COULD BE THE TITLE SPONSOR!
WE ARE ALSO FORMING THE BOARD FOR 2021 AIRSHOW. IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO HELP WITH RACINE, WI AIRSHOW PLEASE CONTACT US FOR MORE DETAILS. VOLUNTEERS ARE MUCH APPRECIATED!
F-22 & P-51 HERITAGE FLIGHT
USAF Heritage Flight is short for the United States Air Force Heritage Flight. It was created in 1997 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the United States Air Force. It incorporates fighters from World War II, the Vietnam War, the Korean War and other conflicts in which the USAF has been involved.
The USAF Heritage Flight formation will normally consist of two or more aircraft representing the different eras of operations, making three passes past the spectators. There will be one pass each from the right and left and then a final pass from behind the crowd with the aircraft performing a separation maneuver to create separation between the aircraft followed a few seconds later by a single simultaneous aileron roll by all the aircraft in the flight.
USAF Heritage Flight performed at the Wings Over Houston air show. Aircraft in the formation from top to bottom are P-51D Mustang, P-47D Thunderbolt, F-4G Phantom II, and F-22A Raptor
During the flypasts there is a musical accompaniment played through the public address system. The music that is normally played is "We Remember" by Dwayne O'Brian.
After the roll maneuver each of the aircraft will then enter the airfield traffic pattern, typically performing an individual pass before the crowd and then "pitching out" into an approach pattern and landing.
The specifics of the performance such as the roll and individual pass and landing may be modified by the weather and whether or not the local runway can safely handle the aircraft (adequate runway length) and if the airport has proper ground support equipment available..
US ARMY BLACK DAGGERS IN THE AIR


Airplanes security, GEM elettronica participate to an ambitious project involving important AeroSpace partners
The Sardinia AeroSpace District, DASS, recently signed an important framework agreement with Airbus Company with the objective of enforcing the security of navigation and positioning of manned and unmanned aircrafts. The project will involve 8,2 millions Euro and it is especially dedicated to the study and the development of an innovative system ensuring positioning and guidance to different kind of aircrafts.
For this purpose, the collaboration with GEM elettronica, already actively participating to DASS programs, is a strategic choice for Airbus and the Sardinia AeroSpace District, aiming to involve other important European industrial partners capable of offering the technological know-how and excellence that every Research & Development project needs.
Among the most important shareholders of the technological AeroSpace District, GEM elettronica is favorably willing to contribute to this project by offering its collaboration and its experience in the development of engineering advanced Gyroscopes and Inertial Navigation equipment.


Solar Impulse 2 Completes Famous Round-the-World Trip [ Current Affairs ]
Solar Impulse 2 has become the first aircraft to circle the sphere using solar energy after landing in Abu Dhabi on the last leg of its journey. The long-range solar-powered aircraft has travelled 26744 miles across four continents, three seas, and two oceans since setting off from Abu Dhabi in March 2015.
Key structures of Solar Impulse 2:
- It is a Swiss long-range solar-powered aircraft project.
- Solar Impulse 2 is first aircraft to fly day and night without consuming straight fuel in Oder to encourage renewable energy.
- Solar Impulse 2 structure was started in 2011. The first test flight of the aircraft was showed in the United States in 2013.
- Single-seater aircraft made of carbon staple.
- It has a 72-metre wingspan and its weighs 2, 300 kilo grams.
- It is solely boosted by the solar energy and emits zero Carbon dioxide (CO2).
- These cells supply renewable energy to propel the electric motors of aircraft. 17, 248 solar cells inbuilt into its wings.
- It also restore 4 lithium polymer batteries mounted on aircraft which allows it fly at night.
Journey of Solar Impulse 2
- The aircraft has racked up 558 hours of flight time. The aircraft was piloted in turns by Markus Scherdel, Andre Borschberg and Bertrand Piccard in its 17-leg voyage.
- Its first halt was in Muscat (Oman). And next halted in Ahmedabad and Varanasi in India. Started its journey from Abu Dhabi (UAE).
- It had halted in Mandalay (Myanmar), Chongqing & Nanjing (China).
- It had made an unscheduled stop in Japan to await favourable weather over the Pacific.
- From Japan, it crossed the Pacific Ocean via Hawaii (US) and flew across the United States, taking 3 stops at Phoenix in the Midwest and New York City.
- After, it met Atlantic sea and took halt in Seville, Spain in Europe.
- In advanced in its final limb it landed in Cairo, Egypt and finalized its journey in Abu Dhabi.
- Published on: July 27, 2016


We usually think of the Sun as providing us with only a few things such as light and heat, however, the Sun’s impact on Earth extends far beyond that. One additional way that the Sun impacts Earth is through the spewing of products of the Sun’s atmosphere directly toward Earth. The Sun releases electrically charged clouds of hot gas out of its atmosphere, and although most of it doesn’t affect us due to Earth’s magnetic field, we still experience some of the effects of the Sun’s atmosphere. The effects of Sun’s atmosphere on Earth is commonly known as “space weather”. Space weather causes some incredible phenomena on Earth, such as the Northern and Southern Lights, as well as Aurora Borealis and Australis. Space weather from the Sun flows down the magnetic field surrounding the Earth, making its way towards the North and South poles. The charged particles released by the Sun’s atmosphere glow in various colors, which can be seen clearly from Earth’s surface near the North and South poles.
Although space weather has some positive effects on Earth, such as the release of charged particles that glow in different colors as they hit Earth, it can cause serious problems if not carefully monitored. Space weather can cause disruptions in infrastructure such as aviation, power grids, and navigation systems. Infrastructure both on Earth’s surface and in nearby space is vulnerable to the effects of space weather. Recently, as we learn more about how space weather effects human infrastructure, precautions are being taken to prevent future damage. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) is currently campaigning to reduce the negative impacts of space weather, by implementing more advanced space weather detection systems and advancing research in how to enhance space weather forecasting abilities.


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Airline Pilot Technical Interviews
There are many variations of technical questions that can be asked in an interview; however, there is a specific approach a pilot should take in preparing for this section of the interview. Author Ron McElroy provides an abundance of exercises in the areas of: mental math, approach plates, AIM, regulations, weather, systems and aerodynamics, and cockpit situations to analyze and resolve. Aspiring professional pilots will be prepared to display their flying skills during the simulator ride, as well as their aeronautical knowledge during the face-to-face oral questioning. Not only will this book ensure better performance during a technical interview or test, but you may learn something new that will help you fly the line a little better.
"I found Airline Pilot Technical Interviews very thorough. It covers a
great deal of material and is a must-study for any pilot applicant."
Soft cover, illustrated, glossary and index included, 144 pages.
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Aeromexico Airlines Customer Service | +1 (718) 719-0464
Aeromexico Airlines provides flights to various domestic and international destinations. The airline is committed to delivering excellent customer service, and it shows in the way they handle its customers’ needs. In this article, we will explore Aeromexico Airlines customer service, including the various ways customers can reach the airline, the types of assistance they offer, and the customer service experience.
Contacting Aeromexico Airlines Customer Service
Aeromexico offers various ways to contact its customer service team. The most convenient and commonly used method is by calling their customer service hotline. Customers can call the Aeromexico airlines customer service hotline 24 hours a day, seven days a week, to get assistance with any issue related to their travel. The airline also provides assistance via email, online chat, and social media channels such as Facebook and Twitter. To get in touch through website click here.
Types of Assistance Offered by Aeromexico Airlines Customer Service
How Aeromexico’s Customer Service Helps Customers
Flight Bookings : Aeromexico’s customer service team assists customers in making flight bookings, providing them with various flight options based on their preferences. The team helps customers in selecting the right flight, providing information on flight schedules, and offering special deals and discounts.
Flight Changes and Cancellations : Aeromexico’s customer service team assists customers in making changes to their flights, such as modifying the date or destination. The team also helps customers in canceling their flights and provides information on any applicable fees or charges.
Baggage Issues : If customers encounter any issues with their baggage, such as lost or damaged baggage, they can approach Aeromexico Airlines customer service team for assistance. The team will help customers in locating their baggage or filing a claim for any damages.
Special Assistance : Aeromexico’s customer service team provides special assistance to passengers who require it, such as passengers with disabilities or medical conditions. The team assists passengers in boarding and disembarking from the flight, providing wheelchair assistance, and ensuring that their travel is comfortable.
Flight Delays and Cancellations : If customers experience flight delays or cancellations, they can contact Aeromexico’s customer service team for assistance. The team will provide information on the flight status, alternative flight options, and any compensation or reimbursement that the passengers may be eligible for.
Aeromexico Airlines customer service team provides assistance with a wide range of issues related to travel, including booking flights, changing reservations, baggage inquiries, and flight cancellations. The airline also provides support with immigration and customs regulations, visa requirements, and airport procedures. Additionally, the Aeromexico Airlines customer service team offers assistance with in-flight services such as meals, entertainment, and special requests for passengers with disabilities.
Customer Service Experience
Aeromexico is known for its excellent customer service, which has been recognized by several industry awards. The airline’s customer service team is well-trained and knowledgeable, providing prompt and efficient assistance to customers. The team is fluent in both English and Spanish, making it easy for customers to communicate their needs.
To get in touch with the executive call on +1 (914) 339-2474 for any queries
Aeromexico Airlines Customer Service
One of the notable aspects of Aeromexico Airlines customer service experience is its focus on personalization. The airline understands that each customer has unique needs and preferences, and it strives to provide tailored solutions to their problems. For example, the airline offers various special services for customers with disabilities or medical conditions, including wheelchair assistance, oxygen supply, and guide dogs.
Another highlight of Aeromexico airlines customer service experience is its proactive approach to customer satisfaction. The airline regularly surveys customers to gather feedback on their experience and uses that information to improve its services. The airline also provides regular updates on flight schedules and changes, helping customers plan their travel with confidence.
Aeromexico’s commitment to customer service is evident in the various channels they provide for customers to contact them, the types of assistance they offer, and the personalized and proactive customer service experience. The airline understands the importance of customer satisfaction and works hard to meet and exceed their customers’ expectations. With its well-trained and knowledgeable customer service team, Aeromexico is a reliable choice for travelers looking for an airline that puts their needs first.
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