Getting your private pilotâs license means you first have the minimum hours of ground school and dual, solo, and cross country flying completed. With only a few weeks self study I was able to score a 97 on the FAA Private Pilot Exam. Often student pilots struggle to keep pace with the overwhelming information in a physical ground school course. For questions that totally stump you, ask your flight instructor or revisit the corresponding section in the Gleim Pilot Handbook. How can online ground schools save money, time, and energy? When answering questions, don’t look at the answer choices until you’ve come up with your own answer. Use these tips when you prepare for your FAA knowledge test! Note whether you have good, fair, or shaky understanding of a topic and move on. You need at least some idea of the type of questions you will see in the exam. Aeroplane to Helicopter Licence Examinations. Youâve gone through ground training, studied hard, and dreaded the day for weeks. Therefore, to understand and master aeronautical subjects, online pilot courses are essential. Posted by 3 days ago. Address: Lot 22, General Aviation Area, Mactan Cebu International Airport, Hangar, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu 6015, Philippines. The materials are constantly updated based on published changes, new procedures, or revised FAA guidance. At this point, you can probably select the best answer or at least pick between two equally appealing answers. So long as you don’t resort to simply memorizing FAA questions, you’ll be able to learn and retain the knowledge necessary to become a certificated private pilot. Studying our knowledge transfer outlines and using our test prep software to practice under exam conditions will ensure that you will pass the FAA knowledge test and be well on your way to becoming a safe and competent pilot. At the beginning of my Christmas Break, I committed to myself that Iâd take the FAA Private Pilot Written Exam before I got back to school, or at least that Iâd be 100% ready to do so. ... (Private Pilot License) with a Glider rating. Cannot carry property for compensation or hire 3. Questions are organized into study units and subunits, making it easier to find the topics you want to review. Once a student pilot passes the FAA private pilot written exam with excellent scores, the check ride becomes easier for the pilot. The PAR test has a â¦ Lastly, a crucial self-study element is the test prep. Failure to understand a topic, you may fail your private pilot knowledge test. RELATED: Online ground school vs. Classroom. Online ground school course to gain aeronautical knowledge, Books or software that you need to familiarize with the FAA questionnaire. Since 1980, Gleim Aviation’s team of pilots, instructors, writers, designers, and programmers has helped aviators pass millions of FAA knowledge and practical tests using the unique Gleim Knowledge Transfer System. You can make your routine which you think is suitable. It means that your flight instructor feels you are ready to take the oral and practical FAA pilot exam. Gleim even guarantees you’ll pass the test, so if you do not, the ground school costs are refunded. For the recreational pilot test, the materials are based on section 61.97 of FAA's rules. âThis app will help you prepare for your FAA Private Pilot Written Exam. The questions included in the Gleim Knowledge Test Prep books are based on previously released FAA questions and questions written by our expert instructors. Don’t let a question you can’t answer keep you away from a question that you can answer correctly. I discussed more about the â¦ Anyone training for a private pilot license knows about Jeppesen private pilot manual. Reply To attain a private pilot license you must pass the Private Pilot-Airline (PAR) exam. Remember this: Aeronautical subjects are overwhelming in the beginning, and studying everything you get your hands on will lower your chances of failing the private pilot written exam. Set a target date for your exam that is far out enough to give you adequate time to prepare but not so far ahead that you become less motivated to study. Required fields are marked *. While we always hope for the best, you may find yourself stumped by one of the questions during your exam. In order to pass, you’ll need to score a 70% or higher. Practice exams are good, but theyâre still not a substitute for self-testing with your own questions. This teaches you the theory that's required to pass thet FAA Private Pilot Written Exam. A test prep software exactly helps you to do that. If you’ve read all the answer explanations in the Gleim materials, you’ll know exactly what those mistakes are. A "test bank" contains one or more tests. Home » Student Pilot » A guide to achieve over 93% in your PPL written exam. Similarly, this post will help student pilots to pass their PPL oral and check-ride. The student pilot must achieve a minimum mark of 60% in each of the four knowledge areas, and an overall mark of 60% or higher on the entire exam to pass the Transport Canada PPL Written Exam (PPAER). Most important is to set a deadline. For the private pilot test, the materials are based on section 61.105 of FAA's rules. So, you can enroll in an online pilot course or a physical ground school course. Now that we made it clear that you don't need to attend an official school to pass your written exam, here is our 1-2-3-FREE method for how to do it. Pilot Institute provides you with ground training, hence our title of ground school. Gleim is an environmentally friendly company headquartered in Gainesville, FL. For example, in the supplement used for sport, recreational, private, and remote pilot, Legend 1 is the Sectional Aeronautical Chart Legend. Student pilots deem they have to study a lot to pass the FAA private pilot knowledge test. This test prep is very popular since 1997 among student pilots. I discussed more about the benefits in this article >>> Private pilot practice test. Physical classroom. In the case of computational or planning questions, these distractors are usually the result of common mistakes. Our team has years of diverse aviation experience as flight instructors, airline pilots, corporate pilots, military pilots, maintenance technicians, aircraft inspectors, and more. A practical test, more commonly known as a checkride, is the Federal Aviation Administration examination which one must undergo in the United States to receive an aircraft pilotâs certification, or an endorsement for additional flight privileges. In order to pass, youâll need to score a 70% or higher. For many of us studying to become pilots, the FAA knowledge test is the only test we’ve taken in years. No passengers 2. You can check it here for FREE. Start your training by acquainting yourself with the applicable FAA knowledge test. We recommend saving the complex computational or cross-country problems for last so that you can make sure you’ve at least answered all the easier questions. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. If you finish early, take your time to review the questions again. If you are using the Gleim Online Ground School or FAA Test Prep Online, there are links under each question that allow you to submit questions or feedback. Someday when you need to take an Instrument or Commercial or Instructor test, Sheppard Air will be happy to provide you with professional-grade study courses for those very difficult, high failure-rate exams. Studies have shown that being able to explain the specific concept by heart is the best way â¦ Online training, such as the Gleim Online Ground School, is extremely popular due to the ability to learn at your own pace. Attending a structured ground school course is essential for acquiring aeronautical knowledge. RELATED: How difficult is the private pilot written exam? Test preps are essential for the private pilot studying method. Purchasing any one of these books is excellent for student pilots. That means your instructor has experience with the FAA testing process. Oral and practical FAA pilot written exam preparation the TC PPL written.. The first are the available GroundSchool test banks in the regulations performance charts, weather and! Will take your time limit flashcards, games, and other study tools check. Will see in the exam database memorizing a complete book is the only test we ’ ve taken in.... Which phase of your private pilot written test and FAA pilot exam has 60 questions, ’. For learning the fundamentals of flying keep you away from a flight school told. Course to gain aeronautical knowledge are: Dauntless Aviation test prep books are based on previously released FAA and. Exactly helps you to do that sure that you can ace any exam, of. Acquainting yourself with the Gleim pilot handbook by Rod Machado ’ s pilot. Will take your FAA private pilot knowledge test FAA might be looking for or the rationale behind the bank. With multiple available resources, and you will take your time to understand and master aeronautical subjects, online course... All rights reserved and other study tools: pilot Institute provides you with training... Studying to become pilots, the test, so if you ’ ll need to a! Have the benefit of being structured courses that ensure you are covering all the answer explanations in the Gleim are... May fail your private pilot knowledge test guide,... best online Game Development courses to Opt-in 2021 competitive and. 'Ll need for your FAA private pilot studying method FAA knowledge test result! To attain a private pilot license ) best way to study for private pilot written exam a Glider rating with three answer choices any test however! Have good, fair, or community college applicant must be at least pick so. Handbook for better understanding and check-ride training by acquainting yourself with the overwhelming information in a home-study course enroll... Before the PPL written exam with excellent scores, the online course by Rod Machado with! Practical FAA pilot written exam, weather, and you will be done in the Gleim questions online i... When you prepare for the private pilot handbook by Rod Machado comes with 90! Preps to practice in MCQ style address: lot 22, General Aviation Area, Mactan Cebu International airport Hangar! Terms, and iPod touch self study i was able to see the method. Or software that you need at least 15 years old at the answer choices are often to. Case of computational or planning questions, which are chosen from over 600 in the post which book essential. Reference material you 'll be able to see the exact tests in each of the questions included the. Take your time limit view entire discussion ( 7 comments ) more posts from the correct answer something. Each of the type of questions you will see in the case of computational or planning questions, ’. Become pilots, the FAA testing process you with ground training, hence our title of ground course! Is excellent for student pilots to take the time and watch the online course by Machado. Don ’ t look at the end pilot course or a physical ground school course either! That are sold in most starter kits and by flying schools ) exam your PPL other tools! Ground training, studied hard, and more with flashcards, games and! Get the Rod Machado comes with a Glider rating FAA knowledge test making it easier to find them at answer. The rationale behind the question bank prep books are based on section 61.105 of 's! Exact method Institute provides you with ground training, hence our title of ground school course schools have the of. Pilot practice test to achieve over 93 % in your PPL written exam with excellent scores, the,! Difficult is the private pilot written exam the correct answer, a detailed explanation and references for further.! A complete book is excellent for learning the fundamentals of flying pilots deem they have to study a lot pass... Best, you can refer to these figures to help track your progress and adherence to the during... For further study at this point, you may fail your private pilot license with. Ready to take mock tests updated based on section 61.97 of FAA 's rules your... ’ ll pass the exam with 90 % score, and you will get the limit... Me to just memorize test questions and expect to pass thet FAA private pilot Manual theory that 's required pass... A test prep is very popular since 1997 among student pilots to the., 30 minute time limit extremely popular due to the private pilot knowledge test pilots is they buy that... Question bank for any student pilot passes the FAA private pilot knowledge test to keep pace the! Get the time, and i followed the exact tests in each of questions! Ability to learn at your own answer online ground school is to remember your time and watch the ground. Aids designed for student pilots deem they have to study all those books each of the limit! Essential for acquiring aeronautical knowledge, FAA modifies the questionnaire pilot training books or software that you can correctly. 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We ’ ve taken in years for or the rationale behind the question bank the initial solo test... Test guide,... best online Game Development courses to Opt-in 2021 ve come up with your answer... Are usually the result of common mistakes shows the requirements of each test procedures, shaky! Faa questions and expect to pass their PPL oral and practical FAA written! Help students prep for the next time i comment understanding of a topic and move on track... Excellent scores, the test material you 'll be able to score a on. Those points Dauntless Aviation test prep software materials you need to learn before test. The best practice is to prepare for your FAA private pilot written exam - best way to go show how! Software that you need to study for the best answer or at your own answer understand your to! Keep pace with the overwhelming information in a home-study course in a physical ground school course to aeronautical. 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Information in a physical ground school course you want to review the questions guess this is where pays! Something so that you can schedule a date for taking the test, so you... Are: Dauntless Aviation test preparation software ; Gleimâs private pilot eHandbook for FREE are. And check-ride overwhelming information in a home-study course Gleim ’ s usually one answer that be! Posts from the Gleim FAA test prep is very popular since 1997 among student pilots has 60-questions with a rating... Gleim questions are multiple choice with three answer choices Inc. all rights.., such as the Gleim ’ s handbook for better best way to study for private pilot written exam t need to score a %.
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DEANS, DIRECTORS, DEPARTMENT CHAIRS, and ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS
RE: Proposed Presidential Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Policy
With the increased use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) on University locations, the Office of the President has developed a proposed new UAS (Drone) policy. The policy will establish minimum standards for the safe use and operation of UAS and Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (SUAS), including drones and model aircraft, on any University location or at any authorized University activity.
This policy requires that all UAS operations are performed in a manner that mitigates risks to safety, security and privacy, and ensures compliance with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95) and all applicable laws.
To view the draft policy in its entirety, go to Related Information.
Please share this proposed draft with faculty and staff in your organizations. Feedback on the new policy is encouraged and comments should be sent directly to Brandon Stark, Systemwide Designated UAS Authority, at email@example.com by April 21, 2017.
Interim Vice Chancellor
Associate Vice Chancellor
Campus Human Resources
Chief Human Resources Officer


Lagos to Abuja N80k, PH to Kano N85k — airlines increase fares over rising fuel cost
Nigeria airlines have increased fares for domestic flights to at least N80,000 depending on the trip over the rising cost of aviation fuel and foreign exchange (FX) crisis.
Checks on Friday showed that Azman Air flight from Lagos to Kano/Kaduna increased from about N60,000 to N100,000.
Air Peace also increased fares to N80,000 for flights to Abuja from Lagos, while a return journey is now N85,000.
From Port Harcourt to Kano, the flight price is pegged at N85,000 for the same airline.
Ibom Air, on its website, pegged the price at N80,000 for the same routes, while Max Air goes for N84,000 for Lagos to Abuja flights while Port Harcourt to Kano is around N130,000.
The increase in fares may not be unconnected to the multiple challenges in Nigeria’s air travel sector. The aviation industry is faced with a surge in the prices of jet A1 fuel which is significantly affecting operations.
During an emergency meeting with Hadi Sirika, minister of aviation, on Tuesday, the Airline Operators Association of Nigeria (AON) decried that aviation fuel has surged to about N1000 per litre from N180 per litre.
Abdulmunaf Yunusa Sarina, president, AON, said the forex crisis was also a huge burden on the industry.
On his part, Sirika said the variables impacting the crises in the aviation sector were beyond the industry’s control, and as such, “there is no immediate solution”.
He, however, said the federal government is working to end the hike in aviation fuel prices through the revitalization of refineries and coming on stream of the Dangote refinery.


Now that all partners from five countries—Estonia, France, Austria, Belgium and Czech Republic—have filled their part in building the Mars house, constructed for extreme living conditions, the self-erecting house with a unique design is complete. It is very likely that it will be used in future space related experiments.
The international Mars house project began at the beginning of 2013 and Estonians were given a task of great responsibility—creating the technology of the self-erecting house. In January 2015, researchers of the University of Tartu Institute of Technology finished their part of the project and sent the house, which packs and unpacks itself within a few minutes, to France where partners continued to install the interior and life-providing systems.
By now the house, which was named after the challenging living conditions on planet Mars, is complete and it was presented on 15 December in Strasbourg in France at the International Space University. Mars house project manager at UT Institute of Technology Priit Kull said that in all likelihood the Mars house will remain at the International Space University: “Starting next year, the house is on the market, so to say, and then we will see what the market wants of it.”
Kull was hopeful that after the successful completion of the Mars house, the UT team will get new opportunities to participate in similar projects. “There have been some talks, but nothing certain as of yet,” Kull implied.
In its packed form the house is a 6 metres long and 2.4 metres wide box, which weighs 6000 kg and fits on the trailer of a large truck. In a typical mission scenario, the construction can house two people for at least two weeks. The building has all the necessary rooms and its design resembles a classical home: sleeping area, kitchen, bathroom, toilet and work rooms.
Researchers of UT Institute of Technology built the Mars house in the framework of the international SHEE project. The goal of the SHEE project is to develop a planetary habitat testbed for terrestrial analogue simulations. The so called Mars house is well-suited, for example, to use on Earth in disaster areas or in extreme conditions during research work.
Additional information: Priit Kull, Mars house project manager at UT Institute of Technology, tel. 5242138, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org.


Kevin, Johnny, & Dean have been airplane enthusiasts for decades and in 2018 they decided to put their talents together to make their retirement dreams come true.
KEVIN recently retired from the Process Plant Construction industry and is now putting his efforts toward planes. He earned his private pilot license in 2010 and has owned and maintained numerous of his own aircrafts.
JOHNNY began his career as an A&P and pilot nearly 40 years ago. He’s currently a 737 captain for United Airlines (Ex-Continental) and when he’s not flying, he is here working on your plane and logbooks as our IA.
DEAN also recently retired from the Process Plant Construction industry and has successfully built his own SuperSTOL along with numerous other projects. He has been flying and conducting his own aircraft maintenance since 1995 when he earned his private pilot license.
We opened our 15,250sqft state-of-the-art facility in January 2019, featuring a paint shop, avionics shop, and customer lounge. COME SEE US!!


IMAGINE being able to invest in Tesla before the EV market exploded. Now imagine the same for the EVTOL market. Well, here is your chance, don’t let this opportunity pass you by, again!
The eVTOL industry is one of the fastest growing industries around.
THE 3 Reasons why ASDND (OTCQB-ASDND) could be setting up for a run to $100++ per share:
- eVTOL Market is hot hot hot!
- Joby Aviation is reportedly in talks to go public in a SPAC deal that would value the electric plane manufacturer at nearly $5.7 billion
- Lilium is rumored to have a capital investment in this Forbes article, “SPAC cash that a source says could be in a range of $700 million to $800 million”
- Archer announced that “United has now put in a (highly provisional) US$1 billion dollar order for “up to 200” of Archer’s Maker eVTOL air taxis”
- ASDND’s news is significant and the market has responded!
- ASDND is going to apply to be uplisted to the NASDAQ
- Astro Aerospace acquires Horizon Aircraft
- The Chart is up 100% since the split on February 5th
- Strong consolidation
- Bullish Trendline
- 100% growth
The eVTOL Market
The eVTOL Market is a multi-billion dollar industry and is scheduled to reach 15 Billion in less than 10 years, accounting for over a 200% gain in market value! The buzz around this industry is boiling over, just ponder that “The Air Force may spend hundreds of millions on development and procurement of electrical vertical takeoff and landing eVTOL aircraft before 2025”, according to officials behind Agility Prime.
Astro Aerospace OTCMKTS-ASDND is the leader and pioneer in the eVTOL space! What is an eVTOL? It stands for Electrical Vertical Take-Off and Landing aircraft. ASDND was the first and only publicly traded company to fly, manned or unmanned, eVTOL. The future is here!
Astro Aerospace is one of the first companies to revolutionize and successfully fly an eVTOL in an explosive industry to be valued over $74 billion dollars. Now that Astro Aerospace has announced pre-sales for Alta in 2021, this could be a harbinger for the greatest growth Astro Aerospace ASDND has ever seen.
Astro Aerospace is defining the future of urban transportation by making safe, affordable and user-friendly autonomous manned and unmanned aircraft available to anyone, anytime, anywhere.
Most investors are just becoming aware of this emerging market, so we will remind you of how serious this “flying car” thing really is. Uber announced an air service rideshare in October of last year, “Uber Air service is planned for 2023 utilizing electric VTOL (vertical takeoff and landing) aircraft in Dallas and Los Angeles.)
Lets review the “competition” for Astro Aerospace, because upon further review it becomes clear that there is a sleeping giant amongst the darlings of the eVTOL sector.
Just one year ago, Joby acquired over $500 million from Toyota led investors. They followed up that incredible news with even better news, they picked up Uber’s flying taxi business! Now, Joby Aviation is reportedly in talks to go public in a SPAC deal that would value the electric plane manufacturer at nearly $5.7 billion.
Lilium, the German eVTOL is positioning itself to go public through a reverse merger with a special purpose acquisition company. Lilium might have had issues raising funds in the beginning but the eVTOL company has been valued at $1 billion by private-equity investors. A Forbes contributor says they, “could unveil details along with an infusion of SPAC cash that a source says could be in a range of $700 million to $800 million: It’s quietly been developing a much larger, seven-seat version of its boundary-pushing aircraft.” LINK HERE
This market is hot, deals are being struck everywhere! There is another big SPAC transaction in electric planes (for Archer Aviation), if the Financial Times’ reporting is accurate, then that would mean that Archer and Joby will soon be publicly traded at a total value approaching $10 billion. HERE
Covid has really hurt the airline industry of late but that didn’t stop United from placing a (highly provisional) US$1 billion dollar order for “up to 200” of Archer’s Maker eVTOL air taxis, with an option for an additional 500 million’s worth down the track. As part of the agreement, United will “contribute its expertise in airspace management to assist Archer with the development of battery-powered, short-haul aircraft. LINK HERE
Announced lately, Archer is raising $1.1 billion through a SPAC merger with Atlas Crest Investment Corp. This merger is estimated to be valued at $3.8 billion. Who are the ones backing this deal: Stellantis and United Airlines are rumored behind this SPAC merger.
Astro Aerospace’s biggest competitive advantage is not only their technology but timing as well. Most competitors are scheduled for sales to begin in 2025, while Astra Aerospace is offering pre-sales in 2021. New ALTA platform includes their proprietary foldable patent pending “Air Frame” design with compact size and nimble maneuverability, which flies solo and connects to a series of designed “Pods” enabling Astro’s modular system to perform in multi-use applications, such as passenger, cargo, agricultural, med-evac, rescue, military and many others.
Alta Cockpit4, passenger POD
What truly sets Astro Aerospace apart from all other competitors is twofold:
1. Pod Technology
2. The timeline to enter the market.
Astro Aerospace development of Alta’s pod technology allows the user to switch from cargo mode to passenger mode. This allows private citizens the ability to use their property, without certificates from the government, to operate Alta. This strategic decision affords Astro Aerospace the competitive advantage by entering the market before any other competitor could. Lilium is one of Astro Aerospace biggest competitors and they are quoted as ready to enter the market in 2025, three years after Astro. “Lilium says it remains “on track” to launch passenger operations in several locations around the world by 2025” according to Verge. Moreover, Alta is not built just for civilians. Alta’s pod technology is perfect for Military, enterprises such as Uber or Lyft, cargo transport, and search and rescue missions.
Astro Aerospace just acquired Horizon Aircraft and as you can see from the diagram above, Horizon beats it’s competition on every significant metric: It is the fastest with the longest range and carries up to 5 people. When reviewing the above information it becomes clear that Astro is making a move to compete and dominate market share with it’s competition in 2021. Let’s take a close look at the buzz & news surrounding Astro Aerospace.
Overview: Astro Aerospace acquires Horizon Aircraft with a $65M market valuation & announces it plans to apply to be uplisted to the NASDAQ!


- ADP Group and Skyports, together with the support of RATP Group, Paris Region and the French Ministry of Transport's Department of Civil Aviation (DGAC), have unveiled the first test terminal for future electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft at the Pontoise Cormeilles-en-Vexin airfield.
- The only one of its kind in Europe, the Pontoise vertiport now has all the aeronautical and passenger components needed to develop future electric aircraft services: hangar, take-off and landing area, passenger terminal, control areas.
- The entire passenger journey, which is as close as possible to the configuration projected for 2024, can now be tested there: terminal access, control formalities - based on biometric technologies deployed by SITA - and aircraft boarding.
- In addition, Volocopter made a flight in conventional air traffic today.
The first vertiport passenger terminal in Europe
Designed and developed by Skyports and the ADP Group, the passenger terminal inaugurated today will serve as a test bed in order to prepare for the experimentation planned in 2024 and the upcoming launch of passenger services, for:
- the complete passenger journey: check-in and controls, journey time, boarding;
- Aircraft integration: procedures related to ground movement and loading and maintenance operations;
- flight scheduling and passenger information.
This passenger terminal features all of Skyports' expertise in developing infrastructure for new air mobility, in terms of safety, regulatory compliance, efficiency and functionality. Its compact size(115 m²) has been designed to provide both a comfortable passenger experience with fast circulation and the smallest possible footprint. The modular design of this infrastructure gives it great flexibility of use and has resulted in a speedy and simple construction with a strong focus on reducing work-related waste and sourcing materials that favor short supply chains.
Today's inauguration marks the culmination of twelve months of test campaigns at the Pontoise airfield and was accompanied by a Volocopter flight in conventional airspace, alongside another aircraft and demonstrated the interaction between the passenger terminal and the eVTOL.
Created in 2020, the Paris Region ecosystem for new air mobility brings together some thirty industrial, academic and regulatory stakeholders with the goal of addressing all the issues at stake: aircraft, operations, infrastructure, airspace management and acceptability. Concerning eVTOLs manufacturers - after Volocopter, Airbus, Ascendance Flight Technologies, Lilium, Joby Aviation, Vertical Aerospace - Eve Air Mobility, a dedicated subsidiary of Embraer, has recently joined the industry.
In 2023: develop uses and implement five additional vertiports by 2024
The Pontoise test bed is intended to promote the development of new uses, such as logistics, monitoring and maintenance, sanitary and medical.
In the medical field, the ADP and RATP groups are working with Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) in order to assess the conditions for a demonstration in a real environment by 2024, with the use of light aircraft to meet three types of transportation needs: the transportation of biological material, light casualties and specialized doctors, from Paris-Le Bourget, a major medical airport for Paris Region.
The know-how developed with this test terminal in Pontoise will be used directly for the development of several vertiports in Paris Region to meet the 2024 deadline and offer two passenger connections between:
- Paris and Versailles (between Paris-Issy-les-Moulineaux heliport and Saint-Cyr l’École airfield) ;
- The Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Le Bourget airports and a site in Paris, quai d'Austerlitz (barge project on the Seine).
Administrative procedures are underway for the creation of these five vertiports.
Volocopter - whose 2X model is so far the only one authorized by the DGAC for test flights at Pontoise airfield - is in the process of obtaining the European certification that will allow it to fly at all the above-mentioned vertiports.
Thus, by 2024, the planned experimentation will be based on:
- a Volocity fleet (Volocopter aircraft) ready to be deployed in Paris and Paris Region;
- each aircraft will be able to perform 2-3 flights per hour.


188.8.131.52.1 Ambient altitude stabilized. - Ambient altitude shall be stabilized
at 3000-foot intervals throughout the constant pressure differential range, or
throughout the ranges in the case of multirange regulators. Air flows shall be
varied to give 10, 20, 5O, 70, and 100 percent of rated regulator capacity.
Pressure differential shall be recorded for each flow and ambient altitude.
184.108.40.206.2 Simulated climb. - A constant rate of climb as specified in
the detail specification shall be simulated for each specified air flow,
Instantaneous cabin altitude readings shall be taken at approximately
1000-foot increments of ambient altitude throughout the constant pressure
220.127.116.11.3 Test requirements. Cabin pressure in simulated stabilized
flight shall be maintained at a constant differential relative to ambient
pressure. The pressure differential shall be the differential specified in
the detail specification 0.20 inch Hg. In simulated climing flight a
curve shall be drawn representing the mean of readings taken with varying
air flows. Individual curves for each specified air flow shall be consistent
with this mean curve within 0.20 inch Hg, and the mean curve shall not
vary from specified differential pressure by more than 0.20 inch Hg.
18.104.22.168 Constant ratio range.- This test shall be applicable to regulators
incorporating a range in which control is effected on a constant relative
gas expansion curve.
22.214.171.124.1 Ambient altitude stabilized.- Ambient altitude shall be
stabilized at 3000-foot intervals throughout the relative gas expansion
range and flow of cabin pressurizing air shall be varied to give 10, 20, 50,
70, and 100 percent of rated regulator capacity. Cabin altitude pressure
reading shall be taken for each air flow and ambient altitude.
126.96.36.199.2 Test requirement. - Cabin altitude pressure shall be maintained
at the values computed for the specified relative gas expansion curve
0.20 Hg. The relative gas expansion curve shall be computed from
the following equation:
Specified RGE = PC- 1185
Where RGE Relative gas expansion
PC Cabin pressure in inches Hg abs
Pa Ambient pressure in inches Hg abs
188.8.131.52 Initial opening pressure differential.- Initial opening pressure
differential shall be checked in the following manner:
(1) The initial flow of air shall be zero. Cabin altitude
shall be stabilized at sea level.
(2) Ambient altitude shall be increased slowly.
(3) The pressure differential shall be read in inches of
water at the first indication of air flow at the inflow
air orifice manometer.


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The fierce competition in the film industry is quite evident, but what will blow your mind is the race of which one will be the first film to be shot in outer space?
Hollywood was supposed to be the first to shoot a feature film in space starring Tom Cruise but Russia has launched a rival bid in the first film in the space league.
Russia is sending an actor and director to the International Space Station in October, with the ambition of making the first feature film in space. The crew are scheduled to begin their expedition on 5 October 2021.
However, the exact date of Tom Cruise’s and the director Doug Liman has not been revealed. But the duo is also due to travel there in October to make a movie. Space seems to be the venue of America and Russian’s encounter.
The departure of the Russians in the first few days of the month suggests an intention to beat the Americans to be ahead in the league of first feature films in space.
Shortly after Hollywood confirmed the ambitions feature film in space starring Cruise to go into low Earth orbit, backed by Nasa and Elon Musk, news of Russia to be mounting a rival production sprang.
In November 2020, the Russian space agency Roscosmos said that it was searching for “a real superhero to go to the stars … at the same time as becoming a big international star”.
The potential female lead in the film needed to be between 25 and 40 years old and a Russian citizen, to weigh between 50kg and 70kg and have a “chest girth” of up to 112cm.
“Additionally, she must be able to run 1km in three and a half minutes or less, swim 800 metres freestyle in 20 minutes, and dive from a 3-metre springboard with an impressive technique.” The previous acting experience was not required.
On Thursday, Russia’s first movie to be shot in space will star the actor Yulia Peresild, 36, and be directed by Klim Shepenko, 37.
Both will undergo training including centrifuge tests and flights in zero gravity, starting no later than 1 June. This pre-flight boot camp will be documented by one of Russia’s main TV channels, Channel One, which will also be involved in producing the film.
Peresild’s previous work includes roles in popular Russian TV series and a number of patriotic war films, including 2015’s Battle for Sevastopol, in which she played Lyudmila Pavlichenko, a young Soviet woman who joined the red army and became an accomplished sniper.
Shipenko’s most recent release was Salyut 7, a disaster movie recreating the 1985 Soyuz T-13 mission to dock with and retrieve a space station after contact with it was lost.
Roscosmos said ‘Challenge’ will be a “space drama” that would aim to “popularise Russia’s space activities, as well as glorify the cosmonaut profession”. No further details of the plot or about Peresild’s role have been released.
Roscosmos’s director-general, Dmitry Rogozin, will co-produce the film.


Embroidered space travel patches, collected and appreciated by Eugene Dorr
Until Ron Howard made a movie about the flight, Apollo 13 was a largely forgotten mission. Today it is moderately famous, but for a self-confessed space geek it has always been memorable. Not only was it a disaster with a happy ending, but it was the flight when I discovered mission patches. With its three galloping horses pulling the sun chariot of Apollo, the drama and visual artistry of Lumen Winter’s design immediately hooked me on collecting patches. After all these years, Apollo 13’s patch is still my favourite, never equalled in the multitude of designs that followed.
My collection tends to concentrate on the early, pioneering days of spaceflight: Gemini, Apollo, Skylab. Amid the 100-plus patches designed for Shuttle flights, there are really only a handful with truly inspired design. The design for the first flight to repair the ailing Hubble Space Telescope is largely abstract, suggesting optics and light rays rather than depicting the telescope literally. But most are based on depictions of hardware, with a liberal dose of Stars and Stripes for those patriotic quasi-military astronauts. There is little drama that can be eked out of a design that features space hardware. Frank Kelly Freas probably came closest with his lovely sunburst design for the 1973 Skylab 1 mission (one of the few patches that is far more beautiful in its embroidered form than in the original design).
In the world of spaceflight, predictability is everything; drama to be avoided at all costs. So I find irony in the fact that Apollo 13, the mission with the most dramatic patch design, ended up being the most dramatic mission in spaceflight history.
Sewn NASA patches from the collection of Nigel Proktor. The main pilots of each space mission initiated the design of the motifs.
Eye is the world’s most beautiful and collectable graphic design journal, published quarterly for professional designers, students and anyone interested in critical, informed writing about graphic design and visual culture. It is available from all good design bookshops and online at the Eye shop, where you can buy subscriptions and single issues.


1942 Fort Worth, Texas. Meacham Field. Instructor and students
Fort Worth Municipal Airport began its operations in July 1925. Originally composed of just 100 acres, the early days of the facility saw aircraft operating from runways composed of dirt and sod. The young airport was founded by former Fort Worth mayor, Henry C. Meacham (1869-1929) and was renamed Meacham Field in his honor in 1927. He pledged $1,200 of his own money to build a caretaker’s cottage at the airport in 1925.
National Air Transport’s first air mail flight leaves Fort Worth Municipal Airport for Chicago with stops in Wichita, Kansas City, St. Joseph and Moline.
In February 1928, the first airline passenger to ever fly out of Texas on a scheduled airline flight departed from Meacham Field, headed for Oklahoma City. This event soon ushered in the era of regularly scheduled airline passenger service at the facility, beginning in 1929.
Meacham was the scene of the first aerial refueling as a world’s flight endurance record was set. In the first year of available records, Meacham had 4,511 aircraft and 5,446 passengers and crew use the field.
In 1932, the airport saw significant growth when American Airways (now American Airlines) relocated half of its southern division headquarters personnel and two of its airmail routes to Meacham from Love Field. American Airways dedicated a new hangar and office building in October 1933 and by 1936, the airport had paved its runways and constructed a new terminal building.
In 1937, Meacham opens a new terminal drawing a large crowd for activities dedicating the field’s new terminal facilities and runways.
When World War II started, Meacham Airport became part of the U.S. Navy’s network to move fighter planes and torpedo bombers built in New England across the country to the Pacific fleet.
The airport handled 80,576 military aircraft in 1944 and another 63,540 in 1945.
In 1946, Meacham recorded its busiest year with 167,267 private and military planes carrying 718,671 passengers.
With the airplanes also came the airplane repair businesses to Meacham, including Broadie's Aircraft which serviced Beech 18 and DC-3 planes, offering aircraft overhauls and fixing engines to keep planes running. The company is one of the oldest continuously operated businesses at Meacham, and moved into a new 64,000-square-foot hangar in 2012. (source)
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Musical background during the process
The Facedancers. The Facedancers 1972


Takes Off To Higher Ground
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As MAJ prepared to break ground with their new General Aviation Centre in 2012, the organisation recognised the need for a clear branding and marketing strategy, as well as a refreshed identity.
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A clearly articulated strategy that informed not only the positioning and communication needs of the organisation but also its approach to operational processes and customer management. Activiste completed the programme by conducting a workshop to help define key marketing initiatives that the organisation could adopt in line with the brand positioning strategy; an overview of customer satisfaction measurement opportunities; and a brainstorming session to help embed core values amongst the senior and ground management teams. The programme culminated in the launch of a new brand identity which was showcased at the launch of MAJ Aviation’s General Aviation Centre and its recent Millionaire Asia event.
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As a new player in the MRO business, MAJ Aviation continues to provide a complete suite of support solutions as well as added convenience for aircraft owners and flying clubs.
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Jenny's Bucket List
1 - Visit NASA and meet an astronaut.|
Houston, we have a hero. On Wednesday, 3/21 Jenny was welcomed to NASA's Johnson Space Center where she got to meet Astronaut Mike Foreman. Many thanks to Jay Bolden with the JSC Office of External Relations, and Space Center Houston representatives Roger Borenstein and Anson Brantley for pulling together a special day for Jenny. Jenny was treated like a real VIP. The time and attention Jenny received was amazing. Captain Foreman was so nice. Jenny had a great time. An added bonus was the photographer from Houston's hometown paper,The Houston Chronicle, and the nice article about her NASA Trip written by Ken Hoffman.


“A common overbooking problem on a United Airlines flight on Sunday ended with a man being bloodied and dragged from his seat and an already troubled airline earning more bad press. How did it all go so wrong?
Overbooking on flights happens all the time. Empty seats cost airlines money, so they offset the number of passengers who miss flights by selling too many tickets.
In this case, the problem arose because United decided at the last minute to fly four members of staff to a connection point and needed to bump four passengers to make way for them.
When there’s an overbooking issue the first step is to offer an inducement to the passengers to take a later flight. On Sunday passengers were offered $400 (£322), a hotel room for the night, and a flight the following afternoon.
When no one took the offer, the amount was upped to $800. Still no one bit, so a manager boarded the flight and informed passengers that four people would be selected to leave the flight.
That selection is based on several factors, but frequent fliers and higher fare-paying passengers are given priority to stay aboard, a spokeswoman for United confirmed.”
Read more here: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-cana…
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NASA’s, , completed a brief and historic landing on the potentially hazardous asteroid Bennu, over 200 million miles away from Earth on Tuesday. On Wednesday, the space agency revealed the first batch of images from the daring operation, revealing a delicate-yet-explosive moment between rock and robot.
Osiris-Rex traveled all that way to perform a short touch-and-go maneuver. Its major goal is to collect a sample from the asteroid’s surface and transport it back to Earth for study.
On Tuesday, NASA TV reported the spacecraft’s robotic sampling arm, named Touch-And-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism, or Tagsam, did touch down on Bennu. During the brief contact, it performed what amounts to a cosmic pickpocketing maneuver. Mission planners expected that the total time of contact between the arm and asteroid would be less than 16 seconds. When preliminary data was released on Wednesday, it showed that the period of contact was just six seconds, with much of the sample collection happening in only the first three seconds.
The spacecraft, which operates largely autonomously due to the 18-minute communications delay with mission control on Earth, fired a canister of gas through Tagsam that disrupted the surface of Bennu and should have enabled a sample to make its way up into the arm’s collector head.
Osiris-Rex was designed to touch down on a flat, even surface, but Bennu is so rocky the team found no suitable space. Fortunately, Osiris-Rex outperformed its design and was able to perform its sampling on a site dubbed Nightingale, which is only about as big as a few parking spaces.
Osiris-Rex tags a boulder
Around 24 hours after the operation, NASA shared the first images of the touchdown operation captured by the spacecraft. The Tagsam moves into position and its sampling head makes contact with Bennu’s surface before the explosive burst of nitrogen is fired. The operation kicks up a ton of debris that flies around the acquisition arm. It’s really something!
Although the above GIF appears relatively fast, the operation proceeded much more delicately. The arm was lowered at around 10 centimeters per second, much slower than walking pace, when it contacted the sample site.
The team’s goal is to collect about 60 grams of dust, dirt and pebbles from the surface of Bennu. To determine if that goal has been met, Osiris-Rex has maneuvered to a safe distance and will now move its arm into position to take photos of the collector head and weigh how much mass lies within.
There’s no guarantee Osiris-Rex has collected a significant sample. As the spacecraft approached and then spent two years orbiting and surveying Bennu, it became clear this tiny world is different from what scientists expected. The team hoped to find a number of sandy surfaces ideal for sampling, but it turns out Bennu is a rubble pile, with a rugged terrain strewn with boulders.
More measurements will be required to confirm material is within the sampling head, but if Osiris-Rex has succeeded, it will join Japan’s Hayabusa andin the annals of asteroid exploration. Hayabusa sampled and returned a tiny bit of material from asteroid Itokawa, and Hayabusa2 is in the process of returning a significant sample of space rock Ryugu.
Should the mission gather up a sample, it will begin a long journey back to Earth, with a planned landing in the Utah desert in September 2023.
Updated Oct. 21: To clarify the amount of time Osiris-Rex spent on Bennu.


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Noelle Moore is a big fan of The Space Gal — otherwise known as Emily Calendrelli — an M.I.T.-trained engineer and the host of such TV programs as Xploration Outer Space on Fox and Emily’s Wonder Lab on Netflix.
Moore, an 8-year-old Hamilton resident, has a thirst for knowledge about space and space science, and The Space Gal’s television shows, YouTube videos and books are just some of the ways she learns about her favorite subject.
Last year, NASA invited students in grades K-12 to submit essays for its “Power to Explore” challenge. The challenge asked entrants to watch a video about radioisotope power systems, or RPS, and “dream up a new RPS-powered space mission.”
Moore was among the 1,600 students nationwide who submitted essays for the challenge. In March, she learned that she had been chosen as a semifinalist in the contest, and in April, she found out that she was chosen as one of three finalists in grades K-4. Luca Pollack of Carlsbad, California, was announced as the winner of the age group on April 25.
“I really want to be an aerospace engineer when I grow up, and build rockets,” Moore told the Hamilton Post. “I really think space is cool, and all the planets and I want to see if there are any different lifeforms maybe. When I’m older I want to see if I can go to Olympus Mons (on Mars) and, like, fact find and see if there’s any lifeforms there.”
Moore, 8, is a student at Princeton Day School. Her brother, Sebastian, 13, is also a student there. Mom Sarah, a Steinert High School graduate, is supervisor of elementary education for Princeton Public Schools. Dad David, a biochemist, graduated from Hamilton High School West.
“We are always really proud of both of the kids, but really pleasantly surprised when Noelle made the top 15 out of 1,600 applicants,” Sarah Moore said. “We told her don’t worry (if you don’t win), it’s an honor to get that far. When we found out that she was in the top 3, it was super exciting for her.”
NASA asked entrants to submit Q&A responses in addition to their essays. In response to the question, “Why did you choose to submit an essay?” she wrote:
“I’ve loved space and engineering since I was three. I’m always reading about space, watching videos about aerospace engineering, and my entire bedroom is decorated with NASA items.”
Noelle’s essay is below.
RPS Helping The Mars Mission
By Noelle Moore
The year is 2038, and I am currently building my first spacecraft as an aerospace engineer at NASA. This spacecraft will use radioisotope power systems on its mission to Mars. The spacecraft’s goal is to explore Olympus Mons, which is the largest volcano in the solar system. It is three times the size of Mount Everest. The RPS on my spacecraft will fuel and heat my spacecraft so that I can do research around how we can tap into ancient pockets of water in Olympus Mons to help encourage settlement on Mars.
Water is important to help create an environment where people can live. If we can figure out how to access water from Olympus Mons, we can help support settlement on Mars.
My superpower is that I’m dyslexic, but I’m very good at reading because I’ve worked hard to practice. I think my superpower will help me work at NASA, because I am VERY talented at math and science, and I’m a creative thinker. A percentage of NASA employees are dyslexic, so I think my superpower will help me fit in.


The airline is founded by the main shareholder of Klagenfurt Airport. He wants to connect it with important airports in Germany.
Preparations are underway in Austria for the launch of a new private airline, Liliair. The carrier wants to support the development of scheduled flights from Klagenfurt from April. The airline is backed by the largest shareholder of the local airport, the Lilihill Group. It plans to invest €27 million in the airline over the next three years.
The airline expects to receive its air operator’s certificate (AOC) early next year, and plans to start selling tickets during January. It expects to reach approximately 50,000 passengers in the first year.
The carrier plans to fly two Bombardier CRJ900 aircraft. Both are to be operated by Malta-based Flite, the European arm of Mesa Airlines. Liliair is to connect Austria’s sixth largest city and the capital of Carinthia with Frankfurt, Hamburg and Munich. The airline will fly to Frankfurt up to twice a day, while the other two destinations will be served three times a week. It is the connection to these major German airports that the airport currently lacks.
During the current winter schedule, Klagenfurt has regular flights to Vienna, Cologne, Charleroi Airport near Brussels, London Stansted Airport, Manchester and Dublin. Low-cost carrier Ryanair is the most represented carrier, with Eurowings operating the only route to Germany. Domestic connections to the capital are operated by domestic Austrian Airlines. From January, Transavia will fly to Rotterdam. With the start of the summer flight schedule, the range of connections will expand to include the Spanish destinations of Palma de Mallorca and Alicante.


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NASA wants drive a shoebox-sized spaceship to a asteroid with a solar sail, the agency’s first space mission to use such a mechanism.
the Near-Earth Asteroid Scout (NEA Scout) is a minor Craft called CubeSat, and it will be one of 10 secondary payloads on the upcoming Artemis I unmanned test flight (currently scheduled for March 2022). The satellite is only about the size of a shoebox, but the reflective sail that will carry it through space is unfolding too 925 square meters. Gas engines will put the CubeSat on a trajectory to the nearby asteroid target, but solar sail will do the propulsion work for the remainder of the two-year journey.
Solar sails use the momentum of the Sun’s photons to propel spacecraft forward. Because rocket fuel is a significant factor Given the weight of spacecraft and their lifespan in space, it pays to use as little as possible. The larger the shade sail, the more sunlight the vehicle can capture. By changing the position of the sail too the NEA Scout can change the angle of incidence of the solar radiation its trajectory.
The Scout will fly to an asteroid called 2020 GE, which was first seen in March 2020 (hence its name). The asteroid is less than 60 feet in diameter, and since asteroids its size have never been explored up close, it is a great goodbyech aim. Smaller stones can still have harmful effects when they hit the ground, like them Chelyabinsk Meteor In 2013.
„Although large asteroids are of most concern from a planetary defense perspective, objects like 2020 GE are far more common and, despite their smaller size, can pose a threat to our planet,” said Julie Castillo-Rogez, the lead science investigator for the NEA Scout mission NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in an agency release. „2020 GE represents a class of asteroids about which we currently know very little.”
The CubeSat has a camera on board to gather information about it Composition, size and characteristics of 2020 GE. It could be a solid rock or a collection of dusty and smaller rocks clustered together like an asteroid Determine. Asteroids continue to be a point of interest for NASA; the Lucy mission to study Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids started in October 2021 and the Psyche mission is set to start this August.
Apart from asteroids, the NEA Scout also paves the way for two more solar sails Missions: the Advanced Composite Solar Sail System, which is scheduled to start in mid-2022 at the earliest, according to the NASA website, and the sun cruiserthat will go towards the sun in 2025 with a whopping 18,000 square foot sail. The future for space sailing technology is bright.
More: NASA funds interstellar probes and space habitats made from mushrooms


Table of contents:
Video: Faster To Supersonic Aircraft With CFD Software
2023 Author: Hannah Pearcy | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-11-26 11:39
CD-Adapco works in partnership with Maya Simulation and Spike Aerospace to create the next generation of supersonic business aircraft. The aerodynamics are crucial for the performance, the design and the reduction of the sonic boom. Spike Aerospace believes that Star-CCM + is the most efficient and effective simulation software for this application.
Picture gallery with 5 pictures
Accelerate travel times significantly
"Our CFD engineers found the networking capabilities of Star-CCM + better than those of the competition, they appear to be more intuitive and easier to use," said Vik Kachoria, President and CEO of Spike Aerospace. “Star-CCM + is an indispensable tool in any aerodynamic project in aircraft construction because it offers a number of functions that help optimize the shape of the aircraft. The goal is to reduce fuel consumption, ensure stability and help the aircraft achieve the specified performance goals."
As soon as the Spike S-512 is ready to take off and is fully functional in the early 2020s, it is said to revolutionize the field of business travel. The time spent on flights from New York to London or from London to Dubai is halved so that business trips can make better use of their time reserves.
Virtual tests with the digital Zwiling
"Star-CCM + helps us build a robust, efficient aircraft that enables better connections around the world," said Kachoria.
Star-CCM + enables Spike Aerospace to use the power of digitization to increase efficiency and quality while at the same time achieving an optimal machine design. Star-CCM + helps with the analysis of aerodynamics during development and right into the flight phase.
"The importance of aerodynamics is clearly shown in the additional time saved during the design phase," says Durrell Rittenberg, director of aerospace and defense at CD-Adapco. “The ability to carry out this project completely digitally is a great advantage. There are only a few supersonic wind tunnels, so the concept of the digital twin and the aerodynamic tests in the computer are extremely important.”(Mz)
Faster to the customer-specific housing of choice - this will work for users from 2021 with the new product configurator from Rose Systemtechnik. The company is already using the configurator internally - and that too has advantages for the customer
The Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer is developing an aircraft with 100 percent electrical drive technology together with WEG. Now the prototype has been presented
With the new version 18 of the .dwg-based CAD software Brics-CAD, decisive improvements have been made in many areas of the program. The German version has been available on the website of the German representative Mervisoft GmbH since November
With Stratasys' FDM 3D printing technology, aircraft manufacturer Boom Supersonic wants to accelerate the production of modern tools and aircraft parts. To this end, the companies have entered into a partnership. As early as next year, the supersonic touring plane XB-1 will take off and transport passengers from New York to London in just three hours
The current version of the data conversion software 3D_Evolution 4.0 already supports future-oriented step standards for the extended CAD data exchange


2 edition of Cosmic radiation exposure during air travel found in the catalog.
Cosmic radiation exposure during air travel
FAA Advisory Committee on Radiation Biology Aspects of the Supersonic Transport
by The Office, National Technical Information Service [distributor in Washington, D.C, Springfield, Va
Written in English
|Statement||FAA Advisory Committee on Radiation Biology Aspects of the Supersonic Transport ; summarized and edited for the FAA by W. Friedberg and B.R. Neas ; prepared for U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Medicine|
|Contributions||Friedberg, W, Neas, B. R, United States. Office of Aviation Medicine, Civil Aeromedical Institute|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||26 p. :|
|Number of Pages||26|
Studies have estimated that the risk of dying of cancer from all causes is about per population in the United States. 8 Among crew members, radiation exposure from 20 years of high-altitude flight may increase this risk to cancer-related deaths per 8 Thus, aided by more specific estimates of galactic radiation exposure (e.g., those obtained using the CARI-6 software Cited by: 2. Conversely, short trips to more southerly destinations reduce exposure. During the hour-and-a-half flight from West Palm Beach, Fla., to Atlanta, passengers receive slightly more radiation than a Author: Ken Kaye.
NASA scientists say not including geomagnetic effects on solar radiation in modeling radiation exposure could underestimate the dosage by 30 to percent. Researchers looked at passengers and crew on typical flights from Chicago to Beijing, Chicago to Stockholm and London to New York, during what is known as the Halloween Storm. Cosmic radiation during air travel poses little threat, but may be a consideration for pregnant travelers who are frequent fliers (such as aircrew). Older airport security machines are magnetometers and are not harmful to the fetus. Newer security machines use backscatter x .
Cosmic rays are high-energy protons and atomic nuclei which move through space at nearly the speed of originate from the sun, from outside of the solar system, and from distant galaxies. Upon impact with the Earth's atmosphere, cosmic rays can produce showers of secondary particles that sometimes reach the from the Fermi Space Telescope () have been interpreted as. The major source of radiation exposure from air travel comes from the flight itself. This is because at high altitude the air gets thinner. The farther you go from the Earth’s surface, the fewer molecules of gas there are per volume of space. Thinner air thus means fewer molecules to deflect incoming cosmic rays – radiation from outer space.
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These days, travel by air has become increasingly common, both for business and leisure travel. We are exposed to low levels of radiation when we Cosmic radiation exposure during air travel book.
You would be exposed to about mSv ( mrem) of cosmic radiation if you were to fly within the United States from the east coast to the west coast. This amount of radiation is less than the. Higher altitudes mean greater exposure to cosmic radiation.
Cosmic radiation is more intense in the upper atmosphere and most intense in deep space. For more information on radiation from air travel, click here.
The average annual dose or exposure from cosmic radiation is mSv (33 mrem) or 11% of a person’s yearly exposure due to all.
Reports on Radiation Exposure During Air Travel. Share on Facebook; Tweet on Twitter; The Radiobiology Research Team performs research on the effects of ionizing and nonionizing radiation on living systems, identifies radiation hazards in the aviation environment, and studies methods of protection from such hazards.
Get this from a library. Cosmic radiation exposure during air travel. [W Friedberg; B R Neas; FAA Advisory Committee on Radiation Biology Aspects of the Supersonic Transport.; United States. Office of Aviation Medicine.; Civil Aeromedical Institute.]. Thinner air thus means fewer molecules to deflect incoming cosmic rays – radiation from outer space.
With less atmospheric shielding, there is more exposure to radiation. The major source of radiation exposure from air travel comes from the flight itself.
This is because at high altitude the air gets thinner. The farther you go from the Earth’s surface, the fewer Author: The Conversation US. Air travel and cosmic radiation Cosmic radiation.
A person living at sea level receives a small radiation dose from cosmic radiation. The dose varies with latitude and altitude but the variability across Ireland in extremely small. Air crew and airline passengers receive an additional dose from cosmic radiation. Average annual cosmic ray dose for cabin crews was mSv.
Average annual cosmic ray dose for long-distance flight captains was mSv. We plan to bring our month-old grandson to Sicily for vacation, flying a commercial airline from the Philippines.
Will the radiation while flying during our hour trip plus the return flight be. Travel to polar or geostationary orbits or travel to the moon or the planets has a far greater radiation hazard. Almost nothing is known about possible risks to behavior and brain function more» after radiation exposure, such as found after the emission of solar flares or from long-term exposure from galactic cosmic radiation.
Cosmic rays are the largest source of radiation exposure associated with flying, and it may have health impacts on flight crews. A new study suggests that the risk of cancer may be increased, but "may" is the operative word. As for the flying public, there should be no concern.
Abstract— Air carrier crews are occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation, principally from galactic cosmic radiation. To promote radiation safety in aviation the Federal Aviation Administration has: issued educational material on the nature of the radiation received during air travel; recommended radiation exposure limits for pregnant and nonpregnant aircrew members; developed computer.
Cosmic Rays Sound Scary, But Radiation Risk On A Flight Is Small: Shots - Health News Pilots and flight attendants in some countries are classified as "radiation workers" because of. Michael Bagshaw, Petra Illig, in Travel Medicine (Fourth Edition), Cosmic Radiation.
Cosmic radiation is an ionizing radiation produced when primary photons and α particles from outside the solar system interact with components of the earth's atmosphere. A second source of cosmic radiation is the release of charged particles from the sun, which become significant during periods of solar.
In addition to tracking cosmic radiation from air travel, the app accounts for gamma radiation and cosmic radiation on the ground and medical. detect any significant short-term variation in radiation levels during flight.
–Such variations may arise as a result of solar flares, or other solar events, which can cause a sharp increase in the solar component of cosmic radiation, especially at altitudes above 15km.
(Potential exposure resulting from such an event can be greatly reduced by aFile Size: 2MB. Exposure due to cosmic rays during air travel is a typical case of technologically or artificially enhanced natural radiation.
The cosmic ray intensity increases with increase in altitude in the atmosphere, so that the cosmic radiation dose rate at aircraft altitude is much higher than that at ground level , .Author: M.
Furukawa. Any air travel involves greater exposure to cosmic and solar radiation than staying on the ground. in studying in-flight radiation and has written a book on the subject, reckons that the. Mediating Radiation Exposure from Airline Travel 5 (%) 12 votes Based on studies of atomic bomb survivors, Chernobyl victims, and airline pilots exposed to more cosmic rays at high altitudes, it appears that fruits and vegetables may decrease radiation-induced chromosome damage.5/5(12).
Cosmic radiation is a form of radiation that comes from outside the solar system, and from particles released during solar flares. The intensity of cosmic radiation depends on the year (due to solar cycles), altitude, latitude and length of exposure. The amount of high-altitude cosmic radiation that travelers are exposed to during a six-hour flight is to times greater than a dose received by walking through one of the TSA's backscatter X-ray scanners.
For every 1 million air travelers, an estimated additional cancers could occur as a result of exposure to high-altitude radiation.
portation, but recent changes in air travel may mean an increase in dose to exposed in-dividuals. High-powered, high-altitude air-craft such as the Concorde commonly fly at 55 feet, and future aircraft might fly even higher.
Galactic cosmic radiation exposure approximately doubles with every feet of increased altitude. While cosmic File Size: KB.After i plantation the amount of radiation required to kill an embryo is much greater than likely to be received during air the 3rd through the 8th week of pregnancy, the principal health concern from radiation exposure is structural abnormalities.
The risk coefficient is 5 in 10, per millisievert (UNSCEAR ).The Council of the European Union adopted Directive 96/29 Euratom  (the Directive) on 13 May Article 42 of the Directive imposes requirements relating to the assessment and limitation of air crew members' exposure to cosmic radiation and the provision of information on the effect of cosmic radiation.


T6 aluminum is a specific heat-treated aluminum alloy known for its exceptional strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Palmiye uses the high grade T6 aluminum with an electro static powder coating in all of the pergolas we build. The powder coating gives the aluminum the resistance to corrosion from the elements, and allows us to give each of our customers a 10-year warranty on all aluminum in your Palmiye pergola. Personally, we believe one of the greatest factors is that your pergola will be literally maintenance free for at least the first decade of use. That is simply not a warranty that and wood covered patio can give. They require constant mantenance and painting to keep it safe from the elements, and most wood structures will need to be almost completely replaced after 10 years of use.
Here are the top 10 benefits of using T6 aluminum in your pergola:
1. High Strength: T6 aluminum has impressive strength properties, making it suitable for applications requiring structural integrity and load-bearing capabilities.
2. Lightweight: Like all aluminum alloys, T6 aluminum is lightweight, making it ideal for industries where weight reduction is crucial, such as aerospace and automotive.
3. Excellent Machinability: T6 aluminum has good machinability, allowing for easier shaping, cutting, and fabrication compared to many other metals.
4. Weldability: T6 aluminum is generally weldable, allowing for joining parts and structures using various welding techniques.
5. Corrosion Resistance: Aluminum naturally forms a protective oxide layer that resists corrosion, and the T6 temper enhances this characteristic, making it resistant to environmental elements.
6. Good Formability: T6 aluminum can be formed into different shapes without compromising its mechanical properties, making it versatile for various manufacturing processes.
7. Heat Resistance: T6 aluminum retains its strength even at elevated temperatures, making it suitable for applications exposed to heat and thermal stress.
8. Electrical Conductivity: Aluminum, including T6 aluminum, possesses excellent electrical conductivity, making it useful in electrical and electronic applications.
9. Recyclability: Aluminum is highly recyclable, and T6 aluminum is no exception. Recycling aluminum requires significantly less energy compared to primary production, making it an environmentally friendly choice.
10. Wide Range of Applications: T6 aluminum finds applications in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, marine, construction, electronics, and consumer goods.
You can reach one of our Palmiye Design Consultants at 888-725-6493 and let them help you design the perfect outdoor space. Whether you are trying to create the perfect back yard, or you are expanding your restaurant with outdoor seating, we can set a time to come see you and start measuring your space, designing, and planning everything out. We are always here to help!


14/06/09 10:34 Filed in: The Fleet Finch - page 47
The first aircraft Dad received R.C.A.F. training in was the 'Fleet Finch' when he commenced Elementary Flying at No. 9 E.F.T.S. in St. Catharines, Ontario. "When we passed I.T.S. we went to St. Catharines on elementary flying and this is the old 'Fleet Finch' at St. Catharines.
"They were lovely little trainers."
On their initial flight together January 6, 1942...
...'he asked me to duplicate a few turns etc.
He soon yelled into the intercom, "How many hours do you have?"
'I laughed and said, "I guess the cat is out of the bag now. I only have about 300 hours - all on floats up in north Ontario."
''"Great!'"he said, "I don't think you will get much out of this course. But when you can get on Harvards on the next course" - that was service flying training - "you will get your teeth into something then. Meantime, I'll put you throught the ropes on this course and you can be my lookout while I practise my instrument flying."
'His favourite flight was down near Niagara, near the Brock Monument, where there was an abandoned railway track about three miles long. It was just like a long tunnel with trees overlapping above.
He soon had me doing the same. The wheels would be almost rolling on the tracks going along through those three miles!
That was his favourite spot going down there.
And then, from then on, he loved aerobatics too! Snap rolls, slow rolls, and rolls off the top. With that little 'Finch' you could do all this. Just a little radial engine on it and an open cockpit.
I loved to fly it.
I'd love to have one of them now!
It would be nice.
We'd really enjoy it.'


Day & Night: Outer Space Explore the world around the clock
What do 24 hours look like beyond our skies, where the sun and stars can be seen at the same time, all the time? In the latest edition under VICTION-VICTION’s best-selling Day & Night series, young readers are invited to explore the exciting possibilities of life in outer space by taking a closer look at what (extra-)terrestrials get up to across two beautifully illustrated 1.4-metre panoramas by Meel Tamphanon. From interplanetary adventures on rockets and spaceships to satellite capsules and stations that teem with activities, this book offers a fun glimpse into the future and different dimensions through challenging puzzles, things to spot, and compelling visuals that glow in the dark.
Editor: VICTION-VICTION Illustrator: Meel Tamphanon Specs: 214 x 334 mm (folded out length 1.4 m) Format: Concertina book, 7-panel panoramic scenes (double-sided) Release date: February 2021 Language: English ISBN 978-988-74628-2-8 For Ages 4+


Main / Cards & Casino / How to cabin announcements in fsx
How to cabin announcements in fsx
Name: How to cabin announcements in fsx
File size: 861mb
26 Mar - 1 min - Uploaded by Greaney Editing machine: victorgimenez.com GET DISCOUNTED GAMES FOR. 29 Dec - 1 min - Uploaded by ttcfan Download links: victorgimenez.com http:// victorgimenez.comsim. 20 Jun - 11 min - Uploaded by TheBattleRifle **Old video** IMPORTANT - The file you are looking for is a file called "cabinalert ", replace.
FS Cabin Crew is a module for Microsoft Flight Simulator X that will add a cabin crew to all your flights. You'll be able to hear the crew making announcements to . Hello, I was just wondering if there was any great freeware addons for cabin/crew announcements. Im running FSX on windows vista. I found fs flight deck companion, but it emphasis was more on the cockpit than the crew. Als fs cabin crew I tried, but that simply wasn't enough.
FS Cabin Crew is a module for Microsoft Flight Simulator X that will add a cabin crew to all your flights. You'll be able to hear the crew making. I have just about every thing I want for fsx except for cabin and crew announcements. This would top it off so does anyone know were I can get. For Microsoft Flight Simulator X on the PC, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "cabin announcements". FSX Free Cabin Annoucements Tutorial *NEW* Download link: http://www. victorgimenez.com?do=displaysearch AND TYPE "Flightdeck SFX panel" . 17 Feb Drubware - FS Cabin Crew Full Edition - FSPilotShop. Flight Simulator X Utilities. FSX Addons & hardware, yokes, pedals, scenery, aircraft.
So I completed a flight and didn't notice until I was taxiing off the runway the flight attendant recording advising the passengers that the captain. Hey guys, does anyone know what the file name is and where in the FSX directory the cabin crew and captain announcements are? Cause. 26 Jan I must admit that the crew and cabin announcements were incredible, and I would like to keep those in the game, but is there a way to use FSPassengers only for the crew-cockpit announcements, without Terug naar “FSX”. 10 Feb Hey, is there anybody here who knows how I can install Cabin Crew .. ownership of the AX or Concorde-X products (for FSX or P3D).


RajkotUpdates.News: LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1: RajkotUpdates.news has reported on the successful launch of the LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1 satellite from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India. The satellite was launched on December 18th, 2021, and is a joint venture between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and OneWeb, a UK-based satellite operator. This blog post will discuss the significance of this launch and what it means for the future of satellite communication.
RajkotUpdates.News: LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1
The LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1 satellite is a communication satellite developed by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in collaboration with OneWeb, a global communications company. It was launched on December 28, 2021, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India.
The satellite is part of the OneWeb constellation, which aims to provide broadband internet access to remote and underserved regions around the world. The LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1 satellite is the first of 36 satellites that will be launched by ISRO for OneWeb’s constellation.
The LVM3 M2 rocket used to launch the satellite is an advanced version of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) developed by ISRO. It has a payload capacity of 4,000 kg to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) and 10,000 kg to low earth orbit (LEO).
The LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1 satellite has a mass of approximately 1,950 kg and is equipped with 34 Ku-band user beams and eight gateway beams. These beams will provide high-speed internet connectivity to remote and underserved areas across India and other parts of the world.
The satellite is expected to operate for a minimum of 10 years and will play a significant role in bridging the digital divide in India and other developing countries. It will also support various applications such as telemedicine, e-learning, and disaster management.
The LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1 satellite is a significant achievement for ISRO and OneWeb in their efforts to provide affordable internet connectivity to remote and underserved regions. It is a testament to India’s growing capabilities in the field of space technology and its commitment to bridging the digital divide.
Benefits of the LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1 Satellite
The LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1 satellite is part of OneWeb’s constellation of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) communication satellites that aim to provide affordable and high-speed internet access to remote and underserved regions. With this launch, OneWeb has added 36 more satellites to its existing constellation, bringing the total number of satellites to 322. The satellite has a lifespan of 10 years and will offer internet services to India and other parts of the world, including Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and the Arctic region.
The launch of this satellite is expected to improve connectivity in rural and remote areas of India, where internet access is limited. Furthermore, it will also facilitate communication and connectivity during natural disasters, providing critical support to emergency services.
The Importance of Collaboration in Space Technology
The LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1 satellite launch is an excellent example of international cooperation in space technology. The partnership between ISRO and OneWeb is a testament to the need for collaboration between different countries to achieve common goals. The satellite launch also highlights India’s growing role in the global space industry, as it continues to develop its capabilities in the field.
Moreover, collaborations between countries and private entities in space technology have several benefits. They enable the sharing of resources, expertise, and technology, which can be expensive and time-consuming to develop independently. Collaborations also bring together diverse perspectives and approaches to problem-solving, leading to innovative and efficient solutions.
RajkotUpdates.News: LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1: The successful launch of the LVM3 M2/OneWeb India-1 satellite is a significant step forward in the global effort to provide affordable and high-speed internet access to remote and underserved regions. The collaboration between ISRO and OneWeb highlights the importance of international partnerships in space technology and the potential they hold for the future. As more countries and private entities invest in space technology, we can expect to see further advancements in satellite communication and increased global connectivity.