The King Air 350 is the latest in a long line of exceptional short field performance turbo prop aircraft. The first, the 100 series began flying in the 1960s and with many advancements and modifications later, the 300 series, namely the 350 arrived on the scene. The Air King selection on aircraft has flown more than 10 billion miles since 1964, which is the equivalent of 143 round trip flights to Mars. How’s that for a reputable and functional aircraft?
Because of its size and the fact its a turbo prop jet, the King Air 350 can land on runways that are as short as 3300 feet. This means that your team can fly in to a city and hgm bypass the major, commercial airport in favour of a smaller one that may just be closer to your destination. It has a 55 cubic foot baggage area that is in the main cabin so your team has access to everything they will need throughout the flight and there is even a flushing toilet in the lavatory that also features a solid wood privacy door.
As for seating, it is plush and comfortable, affording the whole team plenty of leg, elbow, shoulder and head room. There is seating for up to nine and of course this can be configured to custom arrangements or held fast in the specified seating configuration, depending on your needs.
The King Air 350 is part of the 300 Series which is a cleaned up version of its predecessor, the 200 series. It has more powerful engines and redesigned cowlings not to mention the fact that the entire fuselage was stretched out about three extra feet allowing for two extra cabin windows to be included in the design. What makes the 350 better than the 300 version is the addition of winglets as well.
The King Air 350 has a range of some 1800 nautical miles and can fly at a maximum speed of 315 knots. This means that if you happen to be in the middle of the country you can easily get to either coast in one leg of travel. Best of all, it means you can travel in luxury without the need for a commercial airport, their long lines through security and the hustle and bustle that accompanies them.


We left Grammar & Pop's at 4:20 am. Tomorrow morning is the big visa interview. Depending on how that goes, our little American adventure could come to a close sooner rather than later.
In the meantime, we went to see the NASA Space Center in Houston.
We touched a real moon rock.
We also watched a science "show," during which the scientist ate a graham cracker that had just been frozen in liquid nitrogen. She proceeded to blow "smoke" out of her nose and mouth like a dragon. I understand that it's pretty amazing to be able to look inside a rocket, see an actual space suit, touch a moon rock, etc...but that liquid nitrogen trick was seriously one of the craziest things I've seen in a while.
Hope your day was out of this world! (I just can't stop myself sometimes.)


This week China announced it had teamed up with Russia to build a new space station. Their next steps will be to come up with a design, a way to build it, a way to operate it and to present those plans to the rest of the world. They're calling the facility the International Lunar Scientific Research Station and Russia says it will be open to all interested countries and international partners.
The Soviet Union, from which Russia emerged in the early 1990s', had a space race with the United States. In 1957, the Soviet Union became the first country to launch a satellite into orbit. It was the first to launch animals and eventually a human into orbit. The United States had leapt ahead by 1969 when it landed men on the moon and Russia fell further behind in the space race following the collapse of the Soviet Union's communist government. In more recent years, Russia was a founding partner of the International Space Station, but China has not been allowed to participate in that project. The U.S. outlawed out of security concerns. That's part of the reason why it's significant that Russia partnered with China on the new space station. Experts say it could signal a new era of competition as opposed to cooperation when it comes to international space projects.
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A new discovery by researchers at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons could fix one of the major shortcomings of current gene-editing tools, including CRISPR, and offer a powerful new approach for genetic engineering and gene therapy.
VANCOUVER, British Columbia, May 29, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — LiteLink Technologies Inc. (“LiteLink”) (CSE:LLT) (OTC:LLNKF), a leader in logistics, …
For the First Time, Astronauts Edit Genes in Space Technology Networks
For the first time, astronauts have used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to edit DNA in space. The gene editing technique was deployed on the International Space …
For the eighth year in a row, the High Tech Discovery Route is the highlight of the Dutch Technology Week. This time, it is bigger than ever.

The first CRISPR experiment on board the International Space Station.


Ivanhoe Grammar School is currently seeking applications from interested students for the inaugural Wanless Family Aviation Scholarship.
This scholarship provides $6,000 for flight training with an accredited training course provider and is open to Australian citizens who must be aged at least 16 by the time that the scholarship commences. The successful applicant must utilise the scholarship within 12 months of being awarded the scholarship.
The scholarship will progress the successful candidate through to the General Flying Progress stage of the Private Pilot’s License and provide the opportunity to experience and learn about flying firsthand which could eventually lead to a career in the aviation industry.
Candidates will undergo an interview process with a possible flight review prior to announcing the successful candidate. It is important to remember that awarding of scholarships is merit-based and therefore is competitive.
An application form for the Wanless Family Aviation Scholarship can be found downloaded here.
The closing date for applications is 16 June 2017.


The Ixion is a special fast-paced fighter built as part of the XTF Project. It appears in Raiden Fighters Jet as a new fighter with unique special abilities.
The Ixion is a jet fighter, designed with the latest technologies.
The Ixion's wings are forward-swept, a configuration in which the quarter-chord line of the wing has a forward sweep. This wing can give the aircraft excellent agility and maneuverability. In each of these is a gun and pylons for its missiles. It also uses canards for stability.
Operational History Edit
The Ixion was developed as part of the XTF project.
After testing was complete, the Ixion saw its first mission. In this mission, it was to attack a facility occupied by hostile forces with the other Raiden Fighters. After destroying the surrounding forces, the Ixion chased down and destroyed the XTF-01 experimental bomber and shot down its on-board cruise missile before it struck an urban area.
The Ixion's weapons are pretty similar to some of the previous fighters from Raiden Fighters 2: Operation Hell Dive, for instance, the Ixion's missiles are fully powered-up versions of the Dark Swords with the charged attack sending a barrage of these missiles, but the lasers for the Ixion are thin purple versions of the laser of Raiden II, and the charge attack is four purple giga lasers being fired all at once, making this a powerful full-flexed fighter.
Raiden Fighters series: The Ixion appears only in Raiden Fighters Jet as a fast and somewhat powerful fighter, and appears in the game's opening as well.
- The Ixion's overall appearance is based on the Sukhoi Su-47 experimental fighter as well as sharing some similarities with the Grumman X-29
- ↑ Final Mission of Raiden Fighters Jet
|Interstellar Fighters||Raiden Supersonic Attack Fighter, Raiden mk-II, Raiden mk-IIβ, Judge Spear, Blue Javelin, Dark Sword, Fighting Thunder ME-02, Fighting Thunder ME-02β, Azuma, Spirit of Dragon, Moulin Rouge|
|Generation 1 Classic Fighters||Aegis, Beast Arrow, Devastator, Chaser, Endeavor|
|Generation 2 Classic Fighters||Aegis IV, Chaser 2000, Beast Wing, Death Header, Flying Ray, Eraser, Griffin, Aegis II-c|
|Experimental Fighters||Hell Diver, Ixion|
|Living creatures||Miclus, Fairy|


Sitting on the Southeast parking ramp of Boeing Field, a gigantic airplane in a bright white protective sheet awaits restoration by the Museum of Flight team.
The airplane is an antique Boeing B-29 bomber that flew 37 missions in World War Two but was retired before it could see service in Korea. It was used instead for target practice for new Navy combat pilots.
It survived all this abuse, and in 1994, the Air Force donated it to the Museum of Flight.
“The Museum’s B-29 was trucked to Seattle from Lowry Air Force Base when that base was being deactivated,” said Thompson, a volunteer restoration worker on the B-29. “It was decided that it was appropriate for it to be here since this was where it was designed and where the first three were built.”
After over 5,000 hours of restoration since its arrival, the plane is more than 90% ready for display in a museum.
However, due to a lack of hangar space, all work has stopped on restoration.
“When work resumes, the time to complete the restoration will depend upon the available time that volunteers can provide,” Thompson said. “A rough estimate might be two years from the time work resumes.”
This B-29 will be perfect down to every last detail. From crew ash trays to turret motors, all parts will be in perfect working order. Right now, with modifications from the restoration crew, this is the only B-29 in the world with turret guns that are capable of moving.
The airplane is wrapped in a white protective coating to protect it from the weather. Once the restoration is complete, the goal is to display it with the rest of the Museum’s collection.
“The current visions of the Museum are to build an addition on the west side of the existing building which would house both the B-17 and the B-29, along with the Red Barn,” said Thompson. “This would be known as the Boeing Pavilion.”
When this airplane finally goes on display, it will be a great benefit for the Museum patrons, providing another connection to one of the largest wars of American history. Alongside the B-17 that currently is on display in front of the Museum, it will show the story behind some of the most dangerous flying missions of the War.
“Putting those two planes on display will provide close access for the public to observe two famous airplanes,” Thompson said. “The role played by these planes is very significant in the history of World War II. The legacy of those who flew them can be preserved and their descendants can better appreciate the conditions under which their forefathers fought for their country.”
Currently, Museum visitors can take tours through the inside of the B-17. When the B-29 is finally restored, patrons may be able to do the same thing, and go inside a completely airworthy aircraft. Although the plane will be restored to perfect flying condition, it will never fly again.
Aviation High School students will be able to experience this connection. Scott Sluys, an AHS senior, wants to be an airline pilot after he graduates.
“With the help of the B-17 and the B-47,” Sluys said, “the B-29 will complete the chain in evolving aircraft, allowing the community and the students of the future AHS campus to watch the dramatic improvement in aircraft that occurred during the second World War.”
However, displaying only the aircraft would not tell this complete story. George Bowling, Jr. is another volunteer with the Museum of Flight. He helps to run the Living History section, which uses volunteers acting as WWII pilots to bring history to life.


Tickets are now on sale for one of Scotland’s premier summer events – the National Museum of Flight Airshow at East Fortune on Saturday, July 23.
With a new flight team at the helm to organise the day’s adrenalin-fuelled aerial entertainment, this year’s airshow display will include aircraft that have never displayed in Scotland before and a further four that are new to the National Museum of Flight.
Air Tattoo Event Services (ATES), a department of Royal Air Force Charitable Trust Enterprises (RAFCTE), who organise the Royal International Air Tattoo, have been appointed to organise this year’s flight programme. The ATES team has already secured an impressive line-up of aircraft for the airshow, which attracts around 10,000 visitors every year to the museum’s East Lothian home.
So far, the airshow’s aerial line-up this year includes Team Breitling with its Boeing Stearman bi-planes and beautiful, death-defying female wingwalkers, as well as an appearance by a Sea King helicopter similar to those piloted by Prince William in his search and rescue missions.
There is also the super-fast, brightly-coloured Hawker Hunter military jet, Seahawk and Seafire fighter planes, the Pitts Special high performance aircraft and the formation display team, Twister Duo. A first for Scotland is the event’s OV-10 Bronco, an aircraft originally designed for American use in Vietnam. Other aircraft displaying at East Fortune for the first time include a Bucker Jungmann bi-plane - the German equivalent to the Tiger Moth, a De Havilland Dragon, a Jet Provost training aircraft, and aerobatic display team the RV8tors.
On the ground, family entertainment includes The Clan BMX Stunt cycle team, Uprising from North Berwick with their skateboarding talents and Stepping Out, a 14 foot yurt for storytelling.
The event also features art and craft stalls, a fun fair, the Haddington Pipe Band, fire engines, and cockpits to view as well as a host of food and drink stalls.
All of the National Museum of Flight’s hangars will be open for visitors to explore with highlights including supersonic icon Concorde and Fantastic Flight, which is packed with state-of-the-art interactive exhibits and family fun.
The airshow at the National Museum of Flight, East Fortune takes place on Saturday, July 23, from 10am until 5pm. Tickets can be purchased online or at the gate. For more information visit www.nms.ac.uk


“Space, the final frontier…”
A generation growing up on a healthy dose of Star Trek and Star Wars need not be explained the meaning or origin of the above quotation.
The human race has always been fascinated by the vast sky and the space that lies beyond. For centuries we have dreamt of going into space and exploring it, knowing what it has in store. NASA nurtured and satiated our curiosity about space while also raising it manifolds in the process.
We have barely even scratched the surface when it comes to gaining knowledge and understanding the celestial bodies and the universe. However, we dream on. Now SpaceX has come forward with some amazing developments in the recent years that have opened up a whole new dimension, space travel!
Elon Musk, the founder, and CEO of SpaceX, is a name that is almost as popular as Stephen Hawking or Albert Einstein. Some might even say that he is the Tony Stark of our world! Well, the bottom line remains that Elon Musk, with his SpaceX, has brought us much closer to the dream of space travel than ever before.
SpaceX launches for NASA and what it means for Space Travel
After much delays and dodging many apprehensions and prejudices, SpaceX Dragon spacecraft recently successfully delivered a care package containing 5,800 pounds of cargo to the International Space Station (ISS). While this might not seem like much at first look, mostly because NASA has been providing supplies to those aboard the ISS for years, the mission being carried out by SpaceX, a private space travel technology development organization is a first. This opens the door towards further development.
SpaceX has already successfully tested their recycled rocket technology. This can prove to be a revolutionary technology in reducing space exploration cost and open up new horizons. It is only a matter of imagination how much space travel will benefit with further involvement of SpaceX.
Elon Musk is pretty serious about creating human colonies on other planets and the developments of SpaceX rocket and spacecraft technology promises a bright future ahead.
The recent successful delivery by Falcon heavy spacecraft has also created a major opportunity for NASA. The Falcon program was developed by SpaceX without utilizing any of taxpayer’s money.
In contrast, NASA developed its Space Launch System (SLS) for heavy payload at a cost of over $15 Billion that will cost the agency $1 Billion for every launch. This all goes from the tax payer’s money. SpaceX charges only $100 Million for every launch and thus reduces the cost by one-tenth. This massive reduction of the cost will certainly make it possible for NASA to redirect its fund towards research program that will allow them to make more breakthrough discoveries.
Space Travel of the future
It can be easily said that eventually, the human race is progressing towards making commercial space travel a reality. As of now space travel is restricted to the astronauts and is merely confined to sending people to the ISS for various research and studies. But there are active efforts to create Martian colony. At present, the plan is to have a one-way trip. However, successful testing of recycled rockets and other advanced technologies being developed by SpaceX at a lower cost than NASA means that they might as well open up the door to a world of possibilities and easy space travel can certainly be one of them.
It certainly sounds like a story right out of a science fiction novel, but the reality is far more interesting and amazing than fiction. The human race has progressed a lot from the days of sky gazing using various types of telescopes. Our deep space telescopes and probes have provided an enormous amount of knowledge about the world that remained a mystery for centuries. True, there is a lot more to know and we have not even started to know enough about space. But space travel and space exploration are certainly going to change that in the near future.
Future of mankind lies in space travel
There are many conspiracy theories claiming that human beings aren’t really the natives of the planet we know as earth. In an unknown past, beings from other planets visited earth and settled on the planet building colonies. While there is no real proof to support this theory, at least not anything that is accepted by the scientific community, the future indeed rests on the ability to travel through space.
However long it might take, the sun will die one day and earth will become inhabitable. Unless we develop the technology for successful space travel and search another planet in another solar system there is no way for the human race to continue living and propagate its knowledge. This is the only way for any advanced civilization to survive.
SpaceX certainly gives us hope that the day is not too far. We will certainly conquer the final frontier – space!


2 edition of Flight service evaluation of composite components on the Bell helicopter model 206L found in the catalog.
Published 1993 by Administrator in National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center
Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche.Shipping list no.: 93-1348-M.Microfiche. [Washington, D.C. : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993] 1 microfiche.
|Statement||National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center|
|Publishers||National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||xvi, 112 p. :|
|Number of Pages||71|
|2||NASA contractor report -- NASA CR-191499.|
|3||NASA contractor report -- 191499.|
nodata File Size: 6MB.
The results of the new work are illustrated in the included appendix.
The maintenance data examined for the selected components were inappropriate due to variations in failure mode identification, inconsistent reporting, or inaccurate informaton. Vibration, strain, efficiency, deflection, and temperature experiments were performed and the results were compared to previous experiments on the OH-58A, OH-58C, and UH-60A transmissions.
The NPRM proposed to require creating a. Presented are real-life measurement problems related to the different set up conditions. The are still several unknowns concerning both the vibration environment and the reliability of helicopter noncritical flight components.
Those criteria could be altered by developing structure that repairs itself from impact damage. Flight service evaluation of composite components on the Bell helicopter model 206L, flight service report The flight service components for the Bell Model 206L JetRanger helicopter are examined.
This prototype flew in mid-1989 and had logged 100 flying hours before being flown to Fort Worth to undergo FAA certification. The twist actuation responses for three conceptual full-scale blade designs with realistic constraints on blade mass are numerically evaluated using the analysis. Baggage compartment aft of rear seats, capacity 113kg, with external door on port side. Most of the major system components are in place: the robot, the water jet pump, and the off-line programming system.
The ATT mechanical efficiency was lower than that of the OH-58A transmission, probably due to the high-contact-ratio planetary gears.


Take to the sky in a hot air balloon and see things from an amazing new perspective. We can’t wait for you to join us on an airborne adventure!
Up there, you’re drifting on the wind, completely free to roam. At times you feel like you’re standing completely still, and it’s the world that’s turning beneath your basket. It’s a magical moment to share with a special someone and an unforgettable gift.
A hot air balloon flight is an unforgettable experience whenever and wherever you choose to fly. With a balloon to carry you, an experienced pilot to guide you and the great Namib Desert to amaze you, all you need is an appetite for adventure.
A hot air balloon’s direction of flight is entirely dependant on the wind – this means that no two flights are ever the same. Though we can assure, whether you will be flying over the desert, see where it meets the sea or drift closer to the mountains of the Namib, every moment will be a thrill. With luck, a few animals may even be spotted during the flight.
Whether it’s the sunset you will be viewing, sunrise or a clear blue sky, one thing’s for sure – this is a story you’ll be telling for years to come.


Mosaic of Mercury
This photomosaic of the planet Mercury was assembled from individual high-resolution images taken by Mariner 10 shortly before closest approach in 1974. The sun is shining from the right, and the terminator is at about 100 degrees west longitude. Crater Kuiper, named after astronomer Gerard P. Kuiper, can be seen just below the center of the planet's illuminated side. The landscape is dominated by large craters and basins with extensive plains between craters.
The southwest quadrant of Mercury is seen in this image taken March 29, 1974, by the Mariner 10 spacecraft. The picture was taken four hours before the time of closest approach when Mariner was 198,000 km (122,760 mi) from the planet. The largest craters seen in this picture are about 100 km (62 mi) in diameter.
Mercury Close Up
The small, bright halo crater (center) is 10 km (6 mi) in diameter. The prominent crater further left, which has a central peak, is 30 km (19 mi) across. The darker, lightly cratered area (upper left) may be an ancient lava flow. Mercury's surface is similar to that of Earth's moon, where a history of heavy cratering is followed by volcanic filling.
This page is adapted from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's "Welcome to the Planets" homepage.
Ideas of Physics Homepage


Imperial College to close two research ventures with China
The AVIC Centre for Structural Design and Manufacture is a long-running partnership with China’s leading civilian and military aviation supplier, which has provided more than £6 million (US$7 million) to research cutting-edge aerospace materials. The second centre is run jointly with BIAM, a subsidiary of another state-owned aerospace and defence company, which has contributed £4.5 million for projects on high-performance batteries, jet engine components and impact-resistant aircraft windshields. The centres’ stated goals are to advance civilian aerospace technologies, but critics have repeatedly warned that the research could also advance China’s military ambitions.
Now Imperial College has confirmed the two centres will be shut by the end of the year after the rejection of two licence applications to the government’s Export Control Joint Unit, which oversees the sharing of sensitive research with international partners. The closures follow a warning in July by the heads of MI5 and the FBI of the espionage threat posed by China to UK universities, and highlight the government’s hardening attitude on the issue.
Full report on The Guardian site


Space X is the headline grabbing space exploration company, with the Falcon rocket breaking boundaries in reusability, and the Starship blowing away what we think is possible. Yet the rest of the world is in tow.
Thi week the United Arab Emirates and China successfully deployed their missions to orbit Mars. No one can doubt Space X, headed by Elon Musk, controls the airwaves with the latest and greatest in missions to outer space and the branding which accompanies such missions, but the Hope probe is living up to its mónica as the UAE is only the fifth spacefaring entity to do so after the US, the Soviet Union, Europe and India.
As the BBC reported, “the spacecraft, which left Earth seven months ago, had to make a braking manoeuvre to be sure of being captured by Mars’ gravity. UAE scientists can now look forward to studying the planet’s atmosphere. Their satellite carries three instruments that will observe, among other targets, how neutral atoms of hydrogen and oxygen – remnants from Mars’ once abundant water – leak into space.”
There is a clear difference to how Space X generates its buzz, Space X puts humans at the centre of everything they do, and we as humans are drawn to other humans. That doesn’t mean what the UAE has achieved this week is diminished at all, their mission will be vital to our understanding of what the red planet has in stall for humans once our time to travel there has come.
The second nation to take Mars by storm this week was China. It’s fair to say Chinese space exploration doesn’t hit the front pages in Western media, but their ability to move quick at a State level, ensures their space programme is moving at pace. As Space.com reported, the China’s Tianwen-1 Mars probe “launched on July 23, 2020 and is China’s first independent interplanetary mission. It arrived in orbit around Mars after a 202-day, 295-million-mile (475 million kilometers) journey through deep space. It snapped an image of the Red Planet during its final approach.
The spacecraft consists of both an orbiter and a rover. The landing attempt for the rover is not expected until May or June, giving the orbiter time to image and map out the intended landing site in a region known as Utopia Planitia.”
One thing is for certain, the more countries invest in Space exploration, the more eyes will be placed on each mission. The more the world can get behind Mars exploration, the more missions we’ll have to feed back information on what it will actually be like for ourselves living on Mars.


Shares of Virgin Orbit fell 4.72 percent to close at $1.01 per share on Wednesday. After the news of the company's shutdown broke out, Virgin Orbit's stock fell more than 50% in after-hours trading. Virgin Orbit goes public in December 2021 at an offering price of close to $10 per share.
Virgin Orbit primarily uses modified 747 jets to launch rockets from the air. But the company's most recent mission failed when a problem during launch caused the rocket to miss its intended orbit and crash into the ocean.
In early November last year, Virgin Orbit announced its third-quarter results. The company ended the quarter with $71.2 million in cash on hand. Virgin Orbit reported revenue of $30.9 million for the quarter, with an adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) loss of $42.9 million due to continued expenses.


Anyway, they’re going to space, according to Seattle PI’s Insider: NASA buys bag clips, but lips are sealed on their use:
TO CONTAIN ALIEN LIFE FORMS, MAYBE?: Textura Design, a home-based startup in West Seattle, since late 2002 has produced a humble but clever device for resealing plastic bags, called Clip-N-Seal. The soft plastic rod-and-clip device has attracted attention from dairies, manufacturers and the military, among other customers.
Now the Clip-N-Seal (three for $4.99, available in four sizes) may be going into outer space, says company founder D.L. Byron, 38. The company shipped a dozen 40-inch-long Clip-N-Seals, at $7 apiece, to NASA earlier this month.
NASA won’t say when, or whether, or how the clips will be used. The next opportunity they’ll have to fly is aboard the shuttle Discovery when it launches sometime between July 13 and July 31– depending on weather conditions — to resupply the International Space Station. “All NASA will say is they’re for a large object,” Byron said.
The British Antarctic Survey is also considering the clips for use on its next mission. “Not bad for something we invented to keep potato chips fresh,” he said.
Excellent. It’s good to see good products go places. Like Space.


IT and Security Support Jobs BAE Systems holds an essential role in supporting the Air Force’s “Justified” contract. We are providing a wide spectrum of security capabilities, proactive and multi-disciplinary (cyber, IT, and physical) security support, specialized analytical and program protection support, as well as delivering process improvement initiatives. BAE Systems is building a highly technical, cleared team with diverse and varied skills. We have openings at more than 45 locations across America, including the Air Force Research Laboratory, Eglin Air Force Base, Hill Air Force Base, Hanscom Air Force Base, Lackland Air Force Base, Peterson Air Force Base, and the Pentagon. An active Secret or Top Secret clearance is required to apply.
To request an accommodation to navigate through our employment and application process, submit a request via telephone or email.


Pilot Courses After 12th: The airline industry is among one of the most glamorous fields for doing a job by students and pilots are the backbone of this industry. The more skillful are the pilots the more safer will be the travel for students. A pilot is a person who flies the flight/helicopter, and it’s a very tough job, and the training for this course is available for the students who want to learn to fly an aeroplane. The plane system, flying coordination and managing the risk moment teaching are provided to the students.
Whoever thinks they want to be a pilot should first go through the structure and the learning pattern of the course. Once a student has completed their 12th class can choose these field studies and can experience very good educational assistance.
Students have various options to choose from, and for the deep and accurate information, students can have a complete guide related to the course eligibility, fees, scope and job options. Also, we have experienced educational counsellors that can help you with better guidance, and for this, students can chat with us via the whatsapp feature for smooth interaction.
In becoming pilots students get multiple options for themselves and in this article we are going to talk about those courses in detail. Pilot courses after 12th are generally 6 months course and after completing the course students need to get training for about 28 months to 36 months.
Pilot Courses After 12th Highlights
|Course Name||Pilot Courses|
|Duration||6 Month to 2 Years|
|Eligibility||12th Pass with 45% marks|
|Offer By||IMTS Institute|
|Approved By||UGC / DEB|
|Fee Structure||INR 8,500 – INR 1,42,500|
What is a Pilot Course?
These courses are concerned with preparing persons to fly and handle aircrafts through practical and theoretical courses as well as hands-on training. Pilots operate mail planes, cargo aircraft, passenger aircraft, and several other types of aircraft.
They consider different aspects that can influence flying and flight plans, such as weather conditions, altitude, aircraft performance, and so forth. Such personnel are in charge of controlling and maintaining the numerous mechanical parts of the aero plane so that there is no room for error when flying.
What are the Skill Requirements for Pilot Courses After 12th?
A varying type of requirements can be presented by the institute to which you get admissions and also based on the course you choose. Check these here:
- The willing candidates will need to be qualified up to the level of intermediate within a relevant subject of study. Qualifying marks of students in their last examination must be more than the average range.
- Regarding the required time duration students must know the time period to complete the bachelor’s degree programs or pilot Courses. There is one year required to complete a diploma and 6 months to complete certificate courses.
- When you complete this course and are employed as a pilot you must not be afraid while taking a flight and must have better communication skills to solve the issues of passengers.
- Other skills are also required to be kept by the students along with the analytical, interpersonal, and logical skills.
Pilot Courses After 12th List
Multiple courses are offered to the candidates to become a pilot in the aviation sector. After completing such courses one can become Air Force Pilot, Flight Instructor, Sport Pilot, Private Pilot, Airline Transport Pilot, and so on. Such positions can be obtained after doing a pilot Course at UG, PG, Diploma, Certificate, PG Diploma, and Doctorate level.
Because this article is about the pilot Courses after the 12th so these will be courses of certificate, diploma, and bachelors categories. There are numerous institutes in India providing pilot training and these are Bombay Flying Club, Government Aviation Training Institute, National Flight Training Institute, and Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi.
Top Pilot Courses After 12th
- BBA Aviation Management
- BBA Aviation Operations
- BSc Aviation
- BSc Aeronautical Science
- BE Aerospace Engineering
- BMS Aviation Management
- B-Tech Avionics Engineering
- Certificate of Cabin Crew Training
- Certificate of Aviation
Eligibility Criteria for Pilot Courses after 12th
Completion of the 10+2 study standard is compulsory for students who are desiring to learn about the pilot Courses at UG, Diploma or Certificate level. A relaxation of 5 marks is awarded to the SC/ST candidates however the general category Candidates need a minimum of 50% on average estimation. For all category students passing the entrance exam will be necessary and these entry tests can be held at the institute, state, or national level. Among various entrance exams conducted for Pilot Courses, some are NDA, CDSE, AFCAT, etc. These first two entrance exams such as CDSE and NDA are held in October and December respectively.
How to Become a Pilot After 12th in India?
Students who have completed their 12th class and aspire to become a pilot have one question in their mind “How to Become a Pilot After 12th in India?” There are two types of pilots in India, and they are the commercial pilots and the pilots of the Indian Defence Force.
The process for becoming a pilot is different in both situations as for a commercial pilot the student requires to get a commercial pilot license from a registered organization by following the process. For becoming a pilot in the Indian Armed Forces students require to pass the entrance exam and make sure that they get selected for the pilot by passing all the requirements.


Aerospace and Defence
Production success with additive manufacturing (AM) in aerospace and defence is only possible when materials and processes meet the same requirements that conventional manufacturing does today.
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Enjoy freedom to produce complex geometries not possible with other manufacturing processes. Using certified materials also allows you to be secure that your produced designs are flightworthy and able to handle the rigors of real-world application.
Use direct metal printing to manufacture strong, lightweight satellite components that maintain or enhance functional performance. Since components made with direct metal printing are light, satellites can carry more without increasing costs.
You can also use our metal additive manufacturing to lower your lead times and enhance the performance of critical thermal management parts that require multiple thin walls, large surface-to-volume ratios, and extremely exacting tolerances
Reduce Parts Count: Consolidate traditionally complex assemblies into monolithic propulsion system designs. — Fewer quality controls required — Simplified supply chain — Shorter integration time
Lower Weight with Enhanced Functionality with 3D Printing to manufacture strong, lightweight electric motor components that maintain or enhance functional performance. Since components made with DMP are lightweight, electric flying vehicles can carry more passengers or cargo without increasing costs.


Blue Ray Aviation’s Mehsana facility is a brand-new addition to the company’s infrastructure. The total area spans 1500 sq. meters with a runaway measuring 1196 meters x 30 meters. This facility, located in Gujarat, is geared towards offering charter services, aircraft maintenance and a well-equipped training center.
Blue Ray Aviation’s facility located in Osmanabad, Maharashtra spans an area of 9075 sq. meters. The facility also has a runway that measures 1218 meters x 30 meters. This facility has its own hangar, air traffic control tower, equipped communication system to support pilot training activities.
Blue Ray Aviation has exclusive rights to the Oxford Heliport located near Pune, Maharashtra. The heliport entails a picturesque view of the hills where Helicopter Charter and Maintenance Services are offered.
Blue Ray offers state-of-the-art flight school infrastructure with a flight simulator, GTX by Precision Flight Control, coupled with highly qualified flying and ground instructors, experienced in the field of aviation and flight training.


The Smoky Mountain Flying Club has purchased a Light Sport Aircraft for use by its members and new student pilots.
It is a 2007 Evektor sport aircraft which seats two pilots in a bubble canopy with the latest electronic instrument panel. This is a new FAA category of aircraft which does not require the stringent FAA medical. Licensed private pilots who are current can qualify by taking the ground school that will be offered by the club and take a check ride on the aircraft. Student pilots need 20 hours of training (15 hours with instructor and 5 hours solo) and can fly it on a valid U.S. driver’s license as evidence of medical eligibility.
The new LSA category has some limitations. It can only carry one passenger and it must be flown in visual flight conditions at a maximum speed of 138 m.p.h.
The Macon County Flying Club is based at Macon and Jackson county airports. The club is seeking an investor who will open a flying service rental business out of Jackson County airport. The aircraft will be displayed at the next meeting of the club which will be at Jackson County airport on Saturday, April 6, at 1 p.m. Pilots and new student pilots and aviation enthusiasts are welcome to attend the meeting.


Flight Attendant Salary 2024
- Flight Attendant Salary 2024: What to Expect
- What is a Flight Attendant?
- The Current Flight Attendant Salary
- The Projected Flight Attendant Salary for 2024
- Factors Affecting Flight Attendant Salary
- 1. Airline
- 2. Years of Experience
- 3. Location
- 4. Union Contracts
- FAQs about Flight Attendant Salary
- Q: How much do flight attendants make in their first year?
- Q: Do flight attendants get paid during training?
- Q: Do flight attendants get any other benefits besides their salary?
Flight Attendant Salary 2024: What to Expect
Welcome to the world of flight attendants, or as we like to call ourselves, the “Salary Crew.” As someone who has been a part of this industry for over a decade, I have seen the ups and downs of the job, including the ever-changing salary trends. In this article, we will dive into the projected Flight Attendant Salary for 2024 and what factors may affect it. So buckle up and get ready for some valuable insights!
What is a Flight Attendant?
Before we jump into the salary aspect, let’s first understand what a flight attendant actually does. A flight attendant, also known as a cabin crew member, is responsible for ensuring the safety and comfort of passengers on a flight. They are trained in emergency procedures, first aid, and customer service to handle any situation that may arise during a flight.
Being a flight attendant is not just about serving drinks and snacks, it is a demanding job that requires long hours, irregular schedules, and the ability to handle stressful situations with grace. However, it also comes with its perks, such as traveling to different destinations and meeting people from all walks of life.
The Current Flight Attendant Salary
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for flight attendants in 2020 was $56,640. This means that half of the flight attendants earned more than this amount, while the other half earned less. However, this number can vary greatly depending on the airline, years of experience, and location.
For example, a flight attendant working for a major airline in a high-cost city like New York or Los Angeles can earn upwards of $80,000 per year, while a flight attendant working for a regional airline in a smaller city may earn around $30,000 per year.
The Projected Flight Attendant Salary for 2024
Now, let’s get to the main topic of this article – the projected Flight Attendant Salary for 2024. According to a report by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the demand for air travel is expected to double by 2037. This means that airlines will need more flight attendants to cater to the increasing number of passengers.
As a result, the demand for flight attendants is expected to grow by 10% from 2019 to 2029, which is faster than the average for all occupations. This growth will also lead to an increase in the salary of flight attendants.
According to a survey by the Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), the projected salary for flight attendants in 2024 is expected to be around $65,000 per year. This is a significant increase from the current median annual wage of $56,640.
This projected salary takes into account the expected growth in the industry, as well as the negotiations and contracts between airlines and flight attendant unions. However, it is important to note that this is just an estimate and the actual salary may vary depending on various factors.
Factors Affecting Flight Attendant Salary
As mentioned earlier, the salary of a flight attendant can vary greatly depending on several factors. Let’s take a look at some of the main factors that can affect the salary of a flight attendant.
The airline you work for plays a significant role in determining your salary. Major airlines tend to offer higher salaries compared to regional or low-cost airlines. This is because they have a larger customer base and can afford to pay their employees more.
2. Years of Experience
Just like any other job, the more experience you have, the higher your salary will be. As you gain more experience, you become more valuable to the airline and can negotiate for a higher salary.
The location of your base also plays a role in your salary. As mentioned earlier, flight attendants working in high-cost cities tend to earn more compared to those working in smaller cities.
4. Union Contracts
Many flight attendants are part of a union that negotiates their contracts with the airline. These contracts can include pay raises, bonuses, and other benefits that can affect the salary of a flight attendant.
FAQs about Flight Attendant Salary
Q: How much do flight attendants make in their first year?
A: The starting salary for a flight attendant can range from $20,000 to $30,000 per year, depending on the airline.
Q: Do flight attendants get paid during training?
A: Yes, flight attendants do get paid during their training period, which can last anywhere from 4 to 8 weeks.
Q: Do flight attendants get any other benefits besides their salary?
A: Yes, flight attendants also receive benefits such as health insurance, retirement plans, and travel benefits.
The projected Flight Attendant Salary for 2024 is expected to be around $65,000 per year, which is a significant increase from the current median annual wage. However, this number can vary depending on various factors such as the airline, years of experience, and location. As the demand for air travel continues to grow, the salary of flight attendants is also expected to increase, making it a promising career choice for those interested in the aviation industry.
So if you’re considering a career as a flight attendant, keep these factors in mind and be prepared to work hard, but also enjoy the perks that come with the job. As for us, the “Salary Crew,” we will continue to soar high and provide exceptional service to our passengers while earning a competitive salary.


Flight Pilot: 3D Simulator MOD APK is an addictive mobile game that offers ultra-realistic 3D graphics and a variety of planes, challenging missions, and an immersive open map to explore.
Take control and soar through the sky, basking in breathtaking views. Start with Flight Pilot Simulator 3D now and take control of the sky. You will play as a pilot, controlling your plane precisely in the sky. The extended travel simulation faithfully reproduces the real-world experience. With Flight Pilot Simulator 3D, players can grab the controller and take their planes to the next level. It’s not like riding a motorbike or driving a car. Accept a new feeling and continue the unlimited journey toward the sky.
REAL AIRPLANE FLYING
Flying a plane in the simulator is like flying a plane in real life. In Flight Pilot Simulator 3D, players can complete a variety of activities. Investigate the universe and strive for the stars. It’s also a great way to get a bird’s-eye view of the vast countryside below. You have to admit; it’s awesome. This is only available in conjunction with Flight Pilot Simulator 3D. An extensive view of the scene provides a comprehensive perspective. Fly to new heights and lengths to show off your flying skills. Take control and fly into the horizon to discover new and exciting places. Complete the missions and reach your goal without problems.
BECOME A PROFESSIONAL AIRPLANE PILOT
Do you wish you could control an airplane and fly in the sky? Prepare to fly by sitting comfortably in the pilot’s seat. Go to the top of the mountain and try to touch the stars. Because of the game’s simplicity, you can quickly learn how to control the plane. Allows players to navigate their way to the destination. Newer planes have more advanced technology, powerful engines, and lavish cabins. Travel around the world with players. Learn to fly like a master and own your plane. How do you get from place to place when flying? When playing Flight Pilot Simulator 3D, the player will have full access to everything.
COMPLETE ALL ASSIGNED TASKS
Your task is to control your plane on every flight. Pilot Simulator 3D is more than just an airplane simulator; it also includes some chores. Get support for children, teenagers, and adults. Make them feel safe and save their lives. Help put out fires while providing emergency assistance. The players of the game will always face problems. At the end of each mission, you will find a prize. I’m steering for a smooth, crash-free ride. Focus on what’s happening around you, master the controls, and show off your level. You will also be the contact person in the event of an emergency. There are many requirements, including flights and a variety of challenges.
EXPLORE THE SKY WITH THE VAST MAP
The ability to fly far and wide. With each launch bringing a unique set of twists, players never know what to expect. Enter the unknown and familiarize yourself with the engine’s control panel. With beautiful 3D visuals, you can add a sense of realism. Get out there and experience the world; Book flights to all the places you’ve always wanted to go. If you’ve ever wanted to be a pilot, thanks to the free Flight Pilot Simulator 3D, this is the place to do it. As you soar above the earth, the sky is dotted with emerald peaks. Only in Flight Pilot Simulator 3D can you travel with the most legroom. Players can choose their flight speed, recreate a realistic flying experience and complete every mission.
OWN YOUR PLANE
Players will experience more than 20 different types of aircraft. There are jets, military planes, and many different types of aircraft. Intuitive controls of the aircraft will be different. The motors, controllers, and extras all have complex mechanics. Therefore, Flight Pilot Simulator 3D tests the player’s abilities and expertise. Ability to work in conditions of limited visibility and inclement weather. Maintain the safety of everyone on board. You can fly the plane if you have full control over the airspace in all directions. Flight Pilot Simulator 3D free flight modes start with a normal, unlimited flight in the sky. Flight Pilot Simulator 3D gives you a skilled pilot and the ability to command the sky competently.
Flight Pilot: 3D Simulator v2.11.17 MOD APK (Coins, Instant Win, Unlocked) Download


Left Seat Views
A set of digital inkjet prints which form part of a series of works based around the experiences of the Apollo astronauts.
The prints are astronomically correct images of the views back to earth that each of the six named astronauts would have seen when stepping out of the lunar module onto the moon's surface for the first time.
The works focus on the Lunar Module Pilots who sat on the left in the spacecraft and who had the most opportunity to watch to world outside of the spacecraft. These were Buzz Aldrin, Al Bean, Charles Duke, Ed Mitchell, Jim Irwin and Jack Schmitt. Most of these astronauts pursued alternative careers after leaving NASA – adopting art, religion or alternative science as their vocations.
Exhibited at Generator, Dundee


Expando is a leading supplier of advanced Electronics. We provide electronic components and system products for the defense and aerospace industries as well as for advanced industrial electronics branches.
Every single detail is important as our products are often used in harsh and rugged environments, for example in extreme temperature ranges.
We have more than 15 years of experience working with leading data, electronic devices and network solutions for the military, space and commercial markets.
We strive to collaborate with world-class suppliers to provide our customers with the best service and long life support.
Our goal is to be the preferred partner to companies that are run by innovation and advanced technology, with excellent support and long product life support.


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The best drone 2021: the finest flying cameras from DJI, Parrot
The DJI app does drain a smartphone battery quickly. This opens up an amazing new set of filming possibilities for the creative professional. Aerial movie makers will be able to fly professional cameras including RED Dragon, Sony F55, and ALEXA Mini. Its maximum payload is 6.8 kg (15 lbs) with a maximum gross take-off weight of 13.6 kg (30.0 lbs).
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Combining high level sports Sune i fjällen, Feature film, Drone Cinematography. Head Ski av J Harvard · 2020 · Citerat av 1 — The post-hype uses of drone photography were summarized in two categories: (a) professional values, as well as societal factors, shapes. Syllabus Photojournalism BA (A), Drone Storytelling and Film Techniques, 7.5 Author: Jeven Dovey; Title: DJI Mavic 2 Pro & Zoom Beginners Guide - Start HEXO+ is your self-flying camera that allows you to easily create amazing aerial footage of yourself, hands-free. Activated with a simple smartphone app, PolarPro – Drone Pen (rengöringspenna) The ND8/PL is a specialty filter made specifically for aerial filming. This filter PolarPro – Phantom 4 Pro UV Filter Chasing have now taken the step towards a more professional drone.
The pro is a workhorse that packs enough power to get nearly every time of videography and photography done! Top 10 Best Drones with Camera: You will be glad to know that there are many compact drone units that possess great camera units and are able to capture amazing stills as well as videos.
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Hexo+ is Skydrone provides since 2011 professional aerial drone systems into Paris and is one of the key companies in France for commercial drone solutions. PROFESSIONAL DRONE CINEMATOGRAPHY FILM.
Maple Motion Filmproduktion, Halmstad 2021
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A military drone looks a lot like a miniature airplane, whereas a consumer drone resembles a miniature, futuristic helicopter. There's also a big difference between hobby and photography drones. Hobby drones can cost under $100 dollars and are primarily for fun. Photography drones can cost well over $1000 dollars and are more for professionals. Freefly Alta Pro filming drone arriving in August The hotly anticipated professional hexacopter, the Freefly ALTA, is due to be released in August. Place your deposit for £700 with Heliguy. 3 minute read Scroll Down
If you are looking for a commercial drone, a machine for tasks like mapping, surveying and deliveries, we recommend checking out our Best commercial drones list instead.
May 8, 2019 Aerial Photography with Drones. By: Kennedy Martinez. Pros. 1. Versatile Flying Capabilities.
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Ta ditt filmande till nya höga nivåer. Bokstavligt talat. Review: DJI Phantom 3 Professional #Tech #Drones #DJIPhantom More. Radioapparater. Pilot.
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You can even use your smartphone to control the drone from the APP. Long Battery Life – The battery can last up to 20 minutes under normal use. 2017-04-08 Professional drones allow you to add various accessories for digital video to record high-quality footage, however, they are quite expensive. The quality of video and features that you will get, depend on whether you choose expensive or cheap drones for filming. 2021-02-02 · These days, you can get professional drones for filming at a fraction, if not half off, of the original price.
It goes without saying that not all video editing software for drones comes with the same functionalities, so you need drone video editing software to make your footage turn into magic. In this article, we are going to tell you about the 9 best drone video editing software from entry, intermediate to advanced level. Plan the Route and Think of Video You Want to Get. The best video clips are usually those that …
DJI technology empowers us to see the future of possible. Learn about our consumer drones like DJI Air, Mini, Mavic, and Phantom. Handheld products like DJI OM 4 and DJI Pocket 2 capture smooth photo and video.
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Plan the Route and Think of Video You Want to Get. The best video clips are usually those that … 2020-09-16 2018-01-05 DJI technology empowers us to see the future of possible. Learn about our consumer drones like DJI Air, Mini, Mavic, and Phantom. Handheld products like DJI OM 4 and DJI Pocket 2 capture smooth photo and video. Our Ronin camera stabilizers and Inspire drones are professional cinematography tools. 2017-09-19 We are lucky enough to work with some of the largest media providers in the UK. Have a look at just a few of the projects we've worked on.
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The usages of drones in new applications are expanding. Surveying the condition of the sea floor, the growth of seaweed, or monitoring fish farm which was difficult to achieve before. 2020-09-16 Timelab.pro - award wining experts of video inspiration. Timelab Pro. Order a new video; Buy footage ; Sponsorship; About; Shop +7 953 343-36-68. WhatsApp us: firstname.lastname@example.org: Drone filming.
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Power Vision has made a fleet of interesting drones, and the PowerRay ROV is an excellent choice for underwater filmmaking—you don’t even have to worry about getting wet! Drop it into water from your boat, the dock, or even the edge of your pool and then you can get started. The DJI Mavic 2 is a professional filmmaker’s dream. With powerful cameras and easy-to-use Intelligent Flight Modes, the Mavic 2 makes creative aerial photography much simpler for the dedicated professional. This sleek, portable aircraft comes in two new editions: the Mavic 2 Pro and Mavic 2 Zoom.
Light and compact, it can literally fit in your pocket, so you can easily carry it with you anywhere, from the tallest of mountains to the loneliest of roads. And all this while still packing all the quality of a much larger and more expensive drones. Unboxing, Filming with Drone X Pro, Pros & Cons Pocket Drone 2019.


Drones are definitely cool when it comes to unlimited fun and entertainment. They can give you hours of enjoyment and many useful outcomes as well if you decide to take photos, record videos or perform real-time data analysis with the help of these small yet powerful flying machines.
However, do consider the above-mentioned points when you decide to buy yourself a drone so that you can spend your money wisely and also avoid problems later on. UAVLANCE.com, the one stop shop for all your UAV needs.
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Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
Head, Rolls-Royce Commonwealth Professor of Marine Propulsion: E.G. Paterson
Assistant Head for Academic Affairs: R.A. Canfield
Assistant Head for Laboratory Facilities: M.K. Philen
Assistant Head for Graduate Studies: M. Patil
Fred D. Durham Professor: J.A. Schetz
Kevin Crofton Professor: M.L. Psiaki
NAVSEA Chair Professor: A.J. Brown
Norris and Laura Mitchell Professor: R. K. Kapania
Northrop Gruman Sr Faculty Chair Professor: J.T. Black
Professor of Practice: P. Artis
Professors: J.T. Black, A.J. Brown, R.A. Canfield, O. Coutier-Delgosha, W.J. Devenport, R.K. Kapania, E.G. Paterson, M.L. Psiaki, S.D. Ross, C.J. Roy, J.A. Schetz, C. Sultan, and C.A. Woolsey
Collegiate Professors: P. Raj and K.A. Shinpaugh
Associate Professors: S. Brizzolara, S. England, M. Farhood, K.T. Lowe, M. Patil, M.K. Philen, J.S. Pitt, G.D. Seidel, B. Srinavasan, K.G. Wang, H. Xiao, and G. Young
Assistant Professors: C.S. Adams, W.N. Alexander, S. Choi, C.M. Gilbert, M. Joerger, and L. Massa
Adjunct Professors: A. Basovich, W. Grossman, L. Ma, and W. Oberkampf
Research Professors: A. Borgoltz and M. Kuester
Professors Emeritus: E.M. Cliff, W.C. Durham, B. Grossman, E.R. Johnson, J.F. Marchman, W.L. Neu, R.L. Simpson, and R. Walters
Faculty Affiliates: S. Bailey, R. Batra, R.A. Burdisso, G. Earle, K. Kochersberger, R. McGwier, W. Scales, M.K. Spakovsky, D. Stilwell, P. Tarazaga, L. Watson, and M. Weaver
The Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering offers a Bachelor of Science degree in aerospace and ocean engineering. Students may major in either aerospace engineering or ocean engineering. These majors share many course requirements, because the two curricula cover a broad range of common interests and offer a wide range of technical electives. Students may double major—aerospace with ocean engineering or ocean with aerospace engineering. The Department also offers a minor in naval engineering, which is open to non-AOE students.
The undergraduate programs' educational objectives are that graduates will combine their undergraduate education and post-graduation experience to:
- Be successful in entry-level professional positions or in graduate study in aerospace and ocean engineering.
- Apply the theoretical, experimental and computational fundamentals of science and engineering to professional practice, advanced study and continuing professional development.
- Apply their broad understanding of fluid dynamics, vehicle dynamics and control, propulsion and structures to design and synthesis of aerospace or ocean systems in a team environment.
- Communicate their work effectively to both experts in their field and non-technical individuals.
The department's curricula are vehicle oriented, with an emphasis on propulsion, aero/hydrodynamics, stability and control, vehicle performance, vehicle structures, and energy and the environment. A year-long capstone design experience in the senior year uses the group design process to both better simulate the way design is done in the real world and promote the benefits of collaborative learning.
AOE graduates have been highly successful in the aerospace and ocean fields. About 15% of our graduates continue their studies in graduate school, while most of the rest find excellent employment opportunities in the aerospace and related industries and in the shipbuilding, naval engineering, and ship design fields. Some also choose to go into related fields such as automotive engineering, structural engineering, environmental engineering, as well as into professions such as law or medicine.
AOE is home to a number of unique facilities, including Stability, Open-Jet, Boundary-Layer, Low Speed, Transonic, Supersonic, and Hypersonic Wind Tunnels; the Advanced Propulsion and Power Laboratory (APPL), Space@VT building, the Kentland Experimental Aerial Systems Laboratory (KEAS), the Hydro-Elasticity Laboratory, Hydrodynamics Laboratory, Marine Robotics Laboratory, and Newport News Shipbuilding (NNS) / Aerospace and Ocean Engineering (AOE) Teaching and Research Laboratory.
The department encourages students to seek internships and to participate in the Cooperative Education Program, which gives qualified students valuable industrial experience while working toward their engineering degrees. The department's required design courses often include multidisciplinary projects.
The Aerospace Engineering and Ocean Engineering programs are accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, www.abet.org. The department also offers programs of study leading to M. Engr., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees.
AOE students must meet all Pathways requirements and only certain "free" electives and courses designated as "P/F Only" may be taken on a Pass/Fail basis. Lists of approved electives including technical, math, Liberal Education, and other electives are available on the department's web page: www.aoe.vt.edu/undergrad/undergrad-advising/index-undergrad-advising.html.
The graduation requirements in effect during the academic year of admission to Virginia Tech apply. Requirements for graduation are listed on checksheets. Students must satisfactorily complete all requirements and university obligations for degree completion. The university reserves the right to modify requirements in a degree program.
Please visit the University Registrar's website at https://www.registrar.vt.edu/graduation-multi-brief/checksheets.html for degree requirements.
Undergraduate Course Descriptions (AOE)
2024: THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES Basic structural elements of stringer-stiffened thin-walled structures, forces, moments, stresses, and deformation of segmented bars/beams, flexure stress and deflection of beams principal plane, plane of bending and plane of loading for beams with asymmetric cross sections, stresses, and twist due to torsion, shear flow and shear center in open and closed stiffened thin-walled structures, stiffened multicell beams, materials properties and selection. Pre: (ESM 2104, ESM 2204) or ESM 2114, (MATH 2224 or MATH 2224H or MATH 2204 or MATH 2204H). Co: MATH 2214. (3H,3C)
2054: ELECTRONICS FOR AEROSPACE AND OCEAN ENGINEERS Electrical circuits. Discrete passive and active electrical components. Phasors and impedence. AC power analysis. Digital electronics. Electronics for autonomous and piloted aerospace and ocean systems. Electronics for vehicle navigation, guidance, and control. Instrumentation and data acquisition systems. (2H,3L,3C)
2074 (ESM 2074): COMPUTATIONAL METHODS Solving engineering problems using numerical methods and software, truncation and round-off error, root finding, linear and polynomial regression, interpolation, splines, numerical integration, numerical differentiation, solution of linear simultaneous equations. A grade of C- or better is required in the prerequisite. Pre: ENGE 1114 or ENGE 1216 or ENGE 1434 or ENGE 1414. (2H,1.5L,2C)
2104: INTRODUCTION TO AEROSPACE ENGINEERING AND AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE Overview of aerospace engineering from a design perspective; introductory aerodynamics, lift, drag, and the standard atmosphere; aircraft performance, stability, and control; propulsion; structures; rocket and spacecraft trajectories and orbits. Co: ESM 2104 or ESM 2114. Pre: PHYS 2305. (3H,3C)
2114: FUNDAMENTALS OF FLIGHT TRAINING AOE Foundational course to prepare students with knowledge of basic aeronautics to take the Federal Aviation Administration Knowledge Exam, a requirement for the award of a private pilot’s license. Explores airplane systems and functions, flight operations, weather, aeronautical navigation, communications, human factors, and federal aviation regulations. (3H,3C)
2204: INTRODUCTION TO OCEAN ENGINEERING Introduction to the design of ocean vehicles and offshore structures. Buoyancy. Hull geometry, body plan drawing, coefficients of form. Hydrostatic calculations. Intact and damaged stability of ocean vehicles and offshore structures. Large angle stability. Stability criteria for design and related rules and regulations. Marine economics. Pre: PHYS 2305. Co: MATH 2204. (3H,3C)
2664 (ECE 2164): EXPLORATION OF THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT This introductory course covers a broad range of scientific, engineering, and societal aspects associated with the exploration and technological exploitation of space. Topics covered include: science of the space environment, space weather hazards and societal impacts, orbital mechanics and rocket propulsion, spacecraft subsystems, applications of space-based technologies. (3H,3C)
2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY Variable credit course.
2984: SPECIAL STUDY Variable credit course.
2994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH Variable credit course.
2994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH Variable credit course.
3014: FLUID DYNAMICS FOR AEROSPACE AND OCEAN ENGINEERS Fundamentals of fluids: stress, statics, viscosity, laminar and turbulent flow. Conservation of mass and momentum. Vorticity, circulation, and lift. Navier-Stokes equations. Ideal flow in two dimensions, streamlines, stream function, velocity potential, superposition. Thin airfoil theory. Physics of laminar and turbulent boundary layers and of transition. Boundary layer equations and basic tools for boundary layer calculation. Collaborative problem solving. Pre: (2104 or 2204), MATH 2214 or MATH 2214H, ESM 2304. (3H,3C)
3034: SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND CONTROL Free and forced response of first, second, and higher order linear, time-invariant (LTI) systems in frequency and time domains. Modeling of low-order mechanical systems. Transmission and absorption of vibrations. Transient and steady state performance specifications. Introduction to closed-loop control using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback. Closed-loop stability analysis using root locus method. Pre: ESM 2304, (MATH 2214 or MATH 2214H). (3H,3C)
3044: BOUNDARY LAYER AND HEAT TRANSFER Concepts of viscous flows and physical properties equations of laminar motion with heat and mass transfer; exact and approximate solutions; finite-difference methods; transition to turbulence; analysis in turbulent flows. Conduction and convective heat transfer. Pre: 3014, (3164 or 3264 or ME 2134 or ME 3134), MATH 4564. (3H,3C)
3054: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Fundamental terminology of experimental work and testing in aerospace and ocean engineering. Flow quantities, displacement, and strain measurements of simple structures in both static and dynamic settings. Analog and digital instrumentation. Data acquisition systems and appropriate software. Through teamwork design, prepare, and conduct an experiment, and document its results and findings. Statistical concepts. Pre: 2024, 2054, 3014, 3034. (2H,3L,3C)
3094 (MSE 3094): MATERIALS & MANUFACTURING FOR AERO & OCEAN ENGINEERS This course introduces the student of Aerospace and/or Ocean Engineering to the fundamental properties of materials typically required for structural design. The performance characteristics of metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites are presented and contrasted. Foundation principles underlying materials manufacturing are also presented with the goal of providing an understanding of how processing affects material properties and performance. Must have a C- or better in pre-requisite CHEM 1035. Non-MSE Majors only. Pre: CHEM 1035. Co: ESM 2204, PHYS 2305. (3H,3C)
3114: AERODYNAMICS & COMPRESSIBILITY Inviscid aerodynamics. Wings and wing theory for low speed flight. How and when compressibility becomes important. Integral form of the conservation equations and thermodynamics. One-dimensional steady compressible flow, nozzle flows. Compressible flow with heat addition. Oblique shock waves and Prandtl-Meyer expansions. Supersonic airfoils. Aerodynamics at subsonic and transonic speeds. Pre: 3014. Co: 3164. (3H,3C)
3124: AEROSPACE STRUCTURES Inertia loads on aerospace structures, introduction to 3D elasticity including strain-displacement relations, stress-strain relations, stress transformation, and equations of equilibrium, plane stress and plane strain elasticity, stress concentration factors, aerospace materials and failure criteria, margins of safety analysis, plate bending, structural stability. Pre: 2024 or 3024. (3H,3C)
3134: AIR VEHICLE DYNAMICS Nonlinear kinematic and dynamic equations of aircraft motion; estimation of stability derivatives from aircraft geometry; determination of steady motions; linearization; longitudinal and lateral-directional small perturbation equations; static and dynamic stability of equilibrium flight. Pre: 3034. (3H,3C)
3144: SPACE VEHICLE DYNAMICS Attitude representations and equations of rotational motion for rigid and multibody spacecraft; attitude determination; linearization and stability analysis of steady motions; effect of the gravity gradient; torque thrusters and momentum exchange devices. Pre: 3034, 3154. (3H,3C)
3154: ASTROMECHANICS This course teaches the application of Newton’s Laws to the dynamics of spaceflight. Topics include the two-body problem equations of motion, Kepler’s Laws, classical orbital elements, energy and time-of-flight relations, orbit specification and determination, orbital maneuvering and orbit transfers, patched conic approximations, and relative motion. Pre: ESM 2304. (3H,3C)
3164: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS AND PROPULSION SYSTEMS The fundamental principles of aerothermodynamics applied to aerospace propulsion system performance analysis and design. Foundations of thermodynamics, heat transfer, compressible fluid mechanics, and combustion. Applications of principles to air-breathing and rocket engines. Pre: 3014. Co: 3114. (3H,3C)
3214: OCEAN WAVE MECHANICS Introduction to theory of wave in deep and shallow water, including wave generation and propagation. Description of wave statistics and spectral representation for realistic ocean conditions. Introduction to ocean acoustics. Co: 3014, MATH 4564 (3H,3C)
3224: OCEAN STRUCTURES Overview of surface ship, submarine and offshore structural systems, materials and loadings. Application of beam and plate bending and buckling theories. Frame structural analysis. Fatigue analysis. Pre: 2024. (3H,3C)
3234: OCEAN VEHICLE DYNAMICS Nonlinear kinematic and dynamic equations of rigid vessel motion in water; hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces in calm water; motion response to regular and irregular waves; single, multiple and coupled motions degrees of freedom; spectral analysis of response of random seas; statistical analysis of extreme motion response; impact of seakeeping criteria on ocean vehicles design; principles of hydroelasticity; principles of maneuvering of surface and underwater vehicles. Pre: 3014, 3034, 3214. (3H,3C)
3264: THERMODYNAMICS AND MARINE PROPULSION Fundamental thermodynamics and power cycles; marine propulsion plants and transmission systems; methods of estimating resistance of ocean vehicles; propulsion devices and their efficiencies; introduction to propeller theory; cavitation. Pre: 2204, 3014. (3H,3C)
3354: AVIONICS SYSTEMS A systems approach to avionics architecture for both civil and military aircraft. Emphasis on system architecture, accepted development processes, sensors, navigation, and certification. Evolution of communications, data models, and sensors required to support autonomous flight as well as the exposures to physical cyber security threats faced by flight management, navigation, and data interchange systems. Pre: (2054 or ECE 2054), (AOE 3034 or ME 3534 or ME 4504). (3H,3C)
3804: SPECIAL TOPICS IN AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS Advanced undergraduate topics in aircraft systems. Covers technical, environmental, and economic challenges and opportunities in contemporary and future aircraft. Function and integration of propulsion, airborne auxiliary power, navigation, flight controls, cargo, landing gear, cabin systems, fuel, and other subsystems. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 2104. (3H,3C)
3984: SPECIAL STUDY Variable credit course.
4004: STATE-SPACE CONTROL Control design and analysis for linear, state-space system models. Properties of linear, time-invariant control systems: Input/output stability, internal stability, controllability, and observability. Performance and robustness measures. State feedback control design methods: pole placement, linear-quadratic control. State observers and output feedback control. Applications to control of mechanical systems including ocean, atmospheric, and space vehicles. Pre: 3034. (3H,3C)
4024 (ESM 4734): AN INTRODUCTION TO THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD The finite element method is introduced as a numerical method of solving the ordinary and partial differential equations arising in fluid flow, heat transfer, and solid and structural mechanics. The classes of problems considered include those described by the second-order and fourth-order ordinary differential equations and second-order partial differential equations. Both theory and applications of the method to problems in various fields of engineering and applied sciences will be studied. Pre: (CS 3414 or MATH 3414 or AOE 2074 or ESM 2074) or (MATH 2224 or MATH 2224H or MA TH 2204 or MATH 2204H). (3H,3C)
4054 (ESM 4444): STABILITY OF STRUCTURES Introduction to the methods of static structural stability analysis and their applications. Buckling of columns and frames. Energy method and approximate solutions. Elastic and inelastic behavior. Torsional and lateral buckling. Use of stability as a structural design criterion. Pre: 2024 or 3024 or CEE 3404. (3H,3C)
4064: FLUID FLOWS IN NATURE Course designed to build upon and broaden a basic traditional engineering knowledge of fluid flows into areas concerning a variety of natural occurrences and phenomena that involve fluid motions in important ways. Drag of sessile systems and motile animals, gliding and soaring, flying and swimming, internal flows in organisms, low Reynolds number flows, fluid-fluid interfaces, unsteady flows in nature and wind engineering. Pre: 3014 or CEE 3304 or ESM 3024 or ME 3404. (3H,3C)
4065-4066: AIR VEHICLE DESIGN Fundamental principles of innovative air vehicle design. Qualitative and quantitative decision-making tools. Multidisciplinary design teams with emphasis on ethics and professionalism. Project risks and mitigation plans. Oral presentations for design reviews. Written engineering design report. 4065: Proven conceptual design process. Tradeoff studies. Air vehicle weight estimation. Air vehicle concepts feasibility assessment; 4066: Preliminary design tools and processes. Efficient and light-weight air vehicles. Air vehicle design validation. Pre: 2104, 3054, 3114, 3124, 3134, 3164 for 4065; 4065 for 4066. Co: 4105 for 4065; 4106 for 4066. (2H,3L,3C)
4084 (ESM 4084): ENGINEERING DESIGN OPTIMIZATION Use of mathematical programming methods for engineering design optimization including linear programming, penalty function methods, and gradient projection methods. Applications to minimum weight design, open-loop optimum control, machine design, and appropriate design problems from other engineering disciplines. Pre: (MATH 2224 or MATH 2204 or MATH 2204H). (3H,3C)
4105-4106: EXPERIMENTS FOR AEROSPACE DESIGN Methods for the planning, implementation, assessment and use of experiments in aerospace design problems. 4105: Experiment design, advanced sensor systems, additive manufacturing, uncertainty, data analysis and reporting. 4106: Application of experiments as an integral component of engineering design. Co: 4065 or 4165 for 4105. Co: 4066 or 4166 for 4106. Pre: 3054 for 4105; 4105 for 4106. (3L,1C)
4114: APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS Development of computational methods for application to wing aerodynamic problems. Incompressible airfoil codes. Panel methods and vortex lattice methods. Finite difference techniques. Transonic and supersonic applications. Pre: 3044, 3114. (3H,3C)
4124: CONFIGURATION AERODYNAMICS Aerodynamic design of flight vehicles, with emphasis on nonlinear flowfields and configuration concepts. Aerodynamic analysis and design for transonic, supersonic, hypersonic flows, and low speed high alpha flight. Includes case studies of classic configurations and aerodynamic design papers. Pre: 3014, 3114. (3H,3C)
4140: SPACECRAFT DYNAMICS AND CONTROL Space missions and the way pointing requirements affect attitude control systems. Rotational kinematics and attitude determination algorithms. Modeling and analysis of the attitude dynamics of space vehicles. Rigid body dynamics, effects of energy dissipation. Gravity gradient, spin, and dual spin stabilization. Rotational maneuvers. Environmental torques. Impacts of attitude stabilization techniques on mission performance. Pre: 3034, (4134 or 3154). (3H,3C)
4165-4166: SPACE VEHICLE DESIGN Fundamental principles of innovative space vehicle design. Qualitative and quantitative decision-making tools. Multidisciplinary design teams with emphasis on collaboration, ethics, and professionalism. Project risks and mitigation plans. Oral presentations for design reviews. Written engineering design report. 4165: Proven conceptual design process. Parametric analyses. Space vehicle mass estimation. Space vehicle concepts feasibility assessment; 4166: Preliminary design tools and processes. Efficient and light-weight space vehicles. Space vehicle design validation. Pre: 2104, 3054, 3114, 3124, 3144, 3154, 3164 for 4165; 4165 for 4166. Co: 4105 for 4165; 4106 for 4166. (2H,3L,3C)
4174 (ME 4174): SPACECRAFT PROPULSION Spacecraft propulsion systems and their applications in orbital, interplanetary, and interstellar flight. Rocket propulsion fundamentals; advanced mission analysis; physics and engineering of chemical rockets, electrical thrusters, and propellantless systems (tethers and sails); spacecraft integration issues. Pre: 3164 or 4234 or ME 4234. (3H,3C)
4205-4206: EXPERIMENTS FOR OCEAN VEHICLE DESIGN 4205: Facilities, instrumentation, and experiments pertinent to ocean engineering in the field of flow measurements and resistance and propulsion tests of surface and underwater vehicles. Analysis and communication of experimental data through technical report writing. 4206: Assessment of ocean system design through experiments, data analysis, and technical report writing. Pre: 3054 for 4205; 4205 for 4206. Co: 4265 for 4205; 4266 for 4206. (3L,1C)
4234 (ME 4234): AEROSPACE PROPULSION SYSTEMS Design principles and performance analysis of atmospheric and space propulsion engines and systems. Application of thermodynamics, compressible fluid flow and combustion fundamentals to the design of gas turbine and rocket engines and components, including inlets, turbomachines, combustors, and nozzles. Matching of propulsion system to vehicle requirements. Pre: (3114, (3164 or 3264 or ME 3134) or (ME 3404 or ME 3414), ME 2134 or ME 3124). (3H,3C)
4244: NAVAL AND MARINE ENGINEERING SYSTEMS DESIGN Concepts, theory and methods for the design, integration, and assessment of naval and marine engineering systems considering energy conservation, ship arrangements, system deactivation diagrams, reliability, maintenance, system power, shock and weapons effects, machinery sizing, and system vulnerability. Physics-based mechanical, electrical, thermal, sensor, control, weapon systems, hullform and engine (diesel and gas turbine) models are used to predict total system performance. Linear programming methods and flow-based models are used to optimize systems architecture and size components. Pre: 2054, 2204, 3264, 4264. (3H,3C)
4264: PRINCIPLES OF NAVAL ENGINEERING This course studies naval engineering systems and systems engineering processes with particular emphasis on: naval missions; combat system performance including radar; underwater acoustics and sonar; ballistics; weapon propulsion and architecture; weapons effects; ship survivability including underwater explosion and shock waves; surface ship and submarine balance and feasibility analysis; and total ship integration. Senior Standing required. Pre: 2204, (MATH 2224 or MATH 2204 or MATH 2204H), PHYS 2306. (3H,3C)
4265-4266: OCEAN VEHICLE DESIGN Study and application of systems engineering process and ocean engineering principles to the concept exploration, design and development of ocean vehicles including ships, submarines, surface and subsurface autonomous vehicles, boats and yachts. 4265: Emphasis on hullform, power and propulsion, synthesis, balance, metrics and design optimization. 4266: Emphasis on topside/external arrangements, internal arrangements, machinery arrangements, human systems, structural design, and final assessments of intact and damage stability, weights, space, seakeeping, cost, risk, overall balance and feasibility. Most of the work is done in teams. Pre: 2204, 3214, 3224, 3234, 3264 for 4265; 4265 for 4266. Co: 4205 for 4265; 4206 for 4266. (2H,3L,3C)
4274: INTERMEDIATE SHIP STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Analysis of plate bending, buckling, and ultimate strength using computational tools and methods. Calculation of elastic buckling of stiffened panels. Eigenvalue methods for buckling and vibration. Incremental plastic collapse; other progressive collapse. Ultimate strength of large structural modules due to combined loads. Introductory level finite element analysis. Pre: 3224. (3H,3C)
4324: ENERGY METHODS FOR STRUCTURES Work and energy relationships in structures, flexibility and stiffness influence coefficients, Maxwell and Betti-Rayleigh reciprocal theorems, strain energy and complementary strain energy for thin-walled structures, Castigliano\031s first and second theorems for trusses and frames, unit action and unit displacement states, direct stiffness method, principles of minimum total potential energy and total complementary energy for bars, beams, and plates, Ritz method, finite element method for bars and beams. Pre: 2024, (3124 or 3224). (3H,3C)
4334: SHIP DYNAMICS Analysis of motions of rigid body vehicles in water, including influence of added mass and buoyancy. Seakeeping motion responses in waves, wave-induced structural loads, random response analysis via spectral analysis, and extreme response analysis. Introduction to hydroelasticity and maneuvering. Pre: 3014, 3034, (3214 or 4214), MATH 4564. (3H,3C)
4344: DYNAMICS OF HIGH-SPEED MARINE CRAFT Introduction to the dynamics of high-speed craft, including surface effect ships, hydrofoil vessels, semi-displacement monohulls and catamarans, and planing vessels. Co: 4334 or 3234. Pre: 3264. (3H,3C)
4404 (MATH 4404): APPLIED NUMERICAL METHODS Interpolation and approximation, numerical integration, solution of equations, matrices and eigenvalues, systems of equations, approximate solution of ordinary and partial differential equations. Applications to physical problems. A student can earn credit for at most one of 3414 and MATH 4404. Pre: MATH 4564, (ESM 2074 or AOE 2074). (3H,3C)
4414: COMPUTER-AIDED SPACE MISSION PLANNING Design and analysis of space missions. Basic orbital mechanics and access between spacecraft and ground station. Advanced orbit visualization. Prediction of spacecraft position observation under constraints. Communications and link budgets. Terrain modeling and impact on performance. Constellation design and coverage. Orbital perturbations. Dynamics of airplanes and space launch vehicles. Interplanetary mission design. Pre: 2074, (4134 or ECE 2164). (1H,1C)
4434: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS Euler and Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow of gases and liquids. Mathematical character of partial differential equations. Discretization approaches with a focus on the finite difference method. Explicit and implicit solution techniques and their numerical stability. Introduction to verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification for computational fluid dynamics predictions. Co: AOE 3044 or ME 3404 or ESM 3016. Pre: MATH 2214. (3H,3C)
4454: SPACECRAFT POSITION/NAVIGATION/TIMING AND ORBIT DETERMINATION Position/Navigation/Timing (PNT) measurements and optimal batch filter estimation methods for spacecraft with emphasis on orbit determination; GPS position/velocity/time point solutions; linearized state transition matrices; batch least-squares filter Orbit Determination (OD) solutions from a time series of observations; precision and accuracy assessment using covariance and overlap statistics; one-way and two-way radio range and range-rate observations; optical bearings observations; non-Keplerian orbital effects. Pre: 3154. (3H,3C)
4474: PROPELLERS AND TURBINES Theory, numerical methods, and experimental techniques for analysis and design of propellers and turbines. Geometry description and creation of computer models. Analysis of inflow from wakes and atmospheric boundary layers. Performance characteristics including open-water and multi-quadrant operation, scale effects, and standard series data. Theoretical analysis and selection of airfoil and hydrofoil sections. Theory and numerical methods for propellers and turbines, including computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Design of wake-adapted propellers. Design of wind-turbine rotors in steady wind. Structural analysis of propeller and turbine blades. Wind- and water-tunnel testing for thrust and torque. Pre: 3014. (3H,3C)
4514 (ESM 4114): NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND CHAOS Motion of systems governed by differential equations: stability, geometry, phase planes, bifurcations, Poincare’ sections, point attractors, limit cycles, chaos and strange attractors, Lyapunov exponents. Forced, nonlinear oscillations: jump phenomena, harmonic resonances, Hopf bifurcations, averaging and multiple-scales analysis. Systems governed by discrete maps: return maps, cobweb plots, period-multiplying bifurcations, intermittency, delay coordinates, fractal dimensions. Pre: (ESM 2304 or PHYS 2504), (MATH 2214 or MATH 2214H). (3H,3C)
4604: BOOSTER DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND OPERATION Theory, design, operations, and fabrication methodologies employed to manufacture boosters. The rocket equation, solid, liquid, and hybrid propellant systems, combustion chamber design, vehicle structures, telemetry, guidance and navigation, launch operations, and failure modalities. Pre: 2074, 3124, 3154, 3164. (3H,3C)
4624: FOUNDATIONS OF AERO AND HYDROACOUSTICS Fundamental background to the field of aero/hydroacoustics. Quantifying sound levels, acoustic intensity, the acoustic wave equation, and linear acoustics. Fluid dynamics, turbulence, and thermodynamics in aeroacoustics. Lighthill \031s equation, and Curle\031s equation. Characterization and identification of aeroacoustic sources. Leading and trailing edge noise. Basics of aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing. Pre: 3014, 3054. (3H,3C)
4634: WIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGY AND AERODYNAMICS Aerodynamics and elastic behavior of a modern wind turbine. Internal and aerodynamic loads of wind turbines. Locating wind turbines with respect to fatigue, annual power and noise productions. Aeroelastic behavior of wind turbine blades. Generators, transformers and power converters used in wind energy. Historical, economic, political, and innovation issues related to wind energy and power grid integration. Pre: 3014, 3124. (3H,3C)
4654 (ECE 4154): SPACE WEATHER: THE SOLAR WIND AND MAGNETOSPHERE Solar-terrestrial interactions and space weather: the sun, solar wind, and interplanetary magnetic field; space plasma physics and magnetohydrodynamics; Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere; geomagnetic storms and auroral substorms; societal impacts of space weather; planetary magnetospheres; space science instrumentation. Pre: ECE 3105 or AOE 3014. (3H,3C)
4804: SPECIAL TOPICS IN DYNAMICS, CONTROL, AND ESTIMATION Advanced undergraduate topics in dynamics, control, and estimation related to a particular class of aerospace and ocean engineering systems. Sample course topics include navigation and guidance, aircraft flight control, and ocean vessel motion control. May be repeated 2 times with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 4004. (3H,3C)
4814: SPECIAL TOPICS IN PROPULSION Advanced undergraduate topics in propulsion for aerospace and ocean vehicles. Covers technical, environmental, and economic challenges and opportunities in contemporary and future propulsion concepts. Comparative analyses of conventional and advanced propulsion systems and propulsion/vehicle integration concepts based upon first principles. Topics include distributed propulsion, green propulsion and propulsion/airframe integration. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 6 credits. Pre: 3164 or 3264. (3H,3C)
4824: SPECIAL TOPICS IN ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT Advanced undergraduate topics in energy and the environment related to aerospace and ocean engineering systems. Sample course topics include renewable energy and energy management. Pre: 3014. (3H,3C)
4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY Variable credit course.
4984: SPECIAL STUDY Variable credit course.
4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH Variable credit course.
4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH Variable credit course.


When Indian Army soldiers conducted surgical strikes, they had help from an ‘eye in the sky’
The 28-hour countdown operation of the PSLV-C38/Cartosat-2 series satellite mission started on Thursday at 05:29 hours IST.
This comes after the Mission Readiness Review Committee and Launch Authorisation Board cleared the countdown on Wednesday.
Current Affairs : The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) is gearing up to launch its Cartosat-2 series satellite for earth observation along with 30 co-passenger satellites.
Isro’s workhorse, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), in its 40th flight (PSLV-C38), will carry these satellites into orbit. The rocket is scheduled to take off from the Sriharikota space port near Chennai at 9.29 am on Friday.
The rocket will carry the 712 Kg Cartosat-2 series satellite and 30 co-passenger satellites, together weighing about 243 Kg at lift-off, into a 505 Km polar Sun Synchronous Orbit.
Also Read : Isro to launch Cartosat-2 along with 30 smaller satellites on Friday
The PSLV-C38 will be launched from the first launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. This will be the seventeenth flight of the PSLV in its ‘XL’ configuration (with the use of solid strap-on motors).
The primary Cartosat-2 series satellite is a remote sensing satellite. The imagery sent by the satellite will be useful for cartographic applications, urban and rural applications, coastal land use and regulation, utility management like road network monitoring, water distribution, creation of land use maps, change detection to bring out geographical and man-made features, and various other land information systems, as well as for geographical information system (GIS) applications.
The co-passenger satellites comprise 30 nano satellites from India and 14 other countries — Austria, Belgium, Chile, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The total weight of all the satellites carried onboard PSLV-C38 is about 955 Kg.
The 30 international customer nano satellites are being launched as part of commercial arrangements with Antrix Corporation Limited (Antrix), Isro’s commercial arm.
What does the Cartosat satellite do?


Recently, I watched PBS’s new documentary "The Farthest", which told the story of the Voyager missions. The documentary made me nostalgic, because when I was a wee lass, I was enchanted with outer space. In fact, one of my childhood career goals was to become a robotics engineer for NASA (this was before I realized I was hopeless at math). I still hope that one day NASA will contract me to design rad decals for their next probe or rover.
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flydubai announces three new destinations in Central and Eastern Europe. Airline to launch flights to Bratislava, Prague and Sofia.
flydubai will operate two flights a week between Dubai and Bratislava, starting from 06 December 2014. Flights will operate on Tuesdays and Saturdays.
Economy Class return fares from Bratislava to Dubai start at AED 1,950 (418 euro), while Business Class fares start at AED 8,500 (1824 euro).
With flights due to commence in December, the airline is continuing its expansion into Central and Eastern Europe following the announcement of flights to Sarajevo and Zagreb earlier this year.
Commenting on the new routes, Ghaith Al Ghaith, Chief Executive Officer of flydubai, said: “We are delighted to have Bratislava, Prague and Sofia join our network. The addition of these three capital cities signifies our commitment towards serving the region and we look forward to providing passengers with a variety of options to connect to Dubai and beyond.”
The addition of the new routes will see flydubai become the first UAE airline to operate from Bratislava and Sofia. flydubai has launched 23 new routes this year and now operates to 11 destinations in Central and Eastern Europe.


With unparalleled access to NASA's archives, this stunning volume pays tribute to 50 years of Mars exploration.
Thanks to the latest exhilarating Mars expeditions, all eyes have turned to the once-mysterious red planet. This illuminating book traces our history of Mars exploration, from the earliest telescopic viewings, through NASA's first flybys in the 1960s, to the landers in the 1970s, and the increasingly sophisticated rovers and orbiters now exploring every region of the planet. The elaborate plans for the human exploration of Mars are also shown in exquisite detail, including NASA's ambitious designs for crewed missions and some compelling alternative mission plans by experts such as Buzz Aldrin. With breathtaking photographs and rare images of plans, maps, schematics, and more, including insider documents from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the story of mankind's fascination with Mars jumps off the page.