One-off model from Ford which was once a prized possession for them has found a new home. Ford Eagle Squadron Mustang GT was sold at an auction last weekend. The new owner of the Eagle Squadron Mustang GT is Brayton Williams. The key of it was handed by Vaughn Gittin Jr. at Woodward Dream Cruise. The winning bid for this rare muscle car was $420,000 and the proceeding will be transferred to Experimental Aircraft Association’s youth education programs. This program encourages and support next generation of pilots.
Ford Mustang design chief, Darrell Behmer thanked Brayton for his support for the program and also honoured pilots of the famed Eagle Squadron. Ford Eagle Squadron Mustang GT was created by Ford’s Design Team and Vaughn’s RTR Vehicles. It was showcased at last month’s Goodwood Festival of Speed in United Kingdom. This muscle car pays tribute to the 100th anniversary of the Royal Air Force and the Eagle Squadron volunteer US pilots. They served in World War 2 even before their country officially went into the war. Eagle Squadron Mustang GT features special camouflage design that imitates look of the Eagle Squadron Spitfire aircrafts.
Additional features in the Ford Eagle Squadron Mustang GT comprises of a carbon fiber wide-body kit, custom interior with Eagle Squadron logos, adjustable suspension and 20 inch wheels on all four corners. Ford Eagle Squadron Mustang GT is powered with supercharged 5.0 liter V8 engine. On 93-octane fuel, it offers 700 horsepower and 826 Nm of torque. The engine works in conjugation with six-speed manual transmission that transfers the power to the rear wheels.


Hughes Selected for Complex Commercial SATCOM Solutions (CS3) Contract Vehicle from GSA
This recent award marks the third time that Hughes has been selected as a provider for this lineage of contracts and is a testament to the company's proven delivery of satellite solutions for the federal government. CS3 will help simplify the procurement of complex global
"Hughes is proud to have been selected for the CS3 contract and the opportunity to continue supporting government agencies, worldwide, on their missions requiring satellite communications," said
Under CS3, Hughes will supply government agencies with customizable solutions designed to meet networking requirements across multiple categories, including:
- Emergency Responder Operations
- Interactive Services
- Broadband access
- Continuity of Operations (COOP)
- Training Networks
Hughes will offer government agencies higher speeds, data and reliability than ever before to support critical applications such as:
- Broadband Access - With high-throughput satellite coverage available virtually everywhere, remote locations will no longer be a limiting factor for connecting government sites.
- Continuity of Operations - To protect against network failures and outages, agencies can utilize satellite as a path-diverse backup to their primary networks. Satellite provides additional resiliency to terrestrial-based network infrastructure, which is vulnerable to natural and man-made disasters.
- Emergency Response - Satellite communications provide vital networking capabilities when disasters strike. Vehicle-mounted or flyaway VSAT kits can be quickly deployed for instant, high-speed connectivity, even in the most remote locations enabling the sharing of real time situational awareness video and data.
The Hughes solutions available on CS3 will leverage the Hughes JUPITER™ System, the most widely deployedhigh-throughput satellite broadband platform, which supports a wide range of applications, such as broadband access, enterprise networking, cellular backhaul, and communications-on-the-move. The JUPITER System is the first platform to successfully deploy the DVB-S2X standard, widely recognized as the most bandwidth-efficient in the marketplace, making it the preferred technology choice for delivering advanced satellite broadband services around the globe.
About Hughes Network Systems
View original content with multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hughes-selected-for-complex-commercial-satcom-solutions-cs3-contract-vehicle-from-gsa-300555864.html
Dan Brown, Hughes Network Systems, LLC, (301) 601-7216, Dan.firstname.lastname@example.org; Donna Armstrong, ConnellyWorks, Inc., (571) 323-2585, ext. 6140, email@example.com


(Below is an article I found about the USS Makin Island.)
The USS Makin Island, a Wasp-class amphibious assault ship, was commissioned last Saturday morning at North Island Naval Air Station in San Diego.
Dubbed the 'Prius of Navy warships,' the Makin Island is built with gas turbine engines and electric drive. The Navy projects that this will save nearly $250 million in fuel costs over the ship's lifetime.
The ship, which was built by Northrop Grumman at a cost of about $1.8 billion, was delivered to the base in April. It will be a member of the U.S. Pacific Fleet as part of Amphibious Group Three. It's 844 feet long, weighs 42,800 tons, and was designed to transport Marines and their equipment.
It can hold 1,100 to 1,200 sailors and about 2,000 Marines. It can also carry up to 25 aircraft, including six CH-53 Sea Stallion heavy-lift transport helicopters, AH-1 attack helicopters and AV-8B Harrier II ground attack aircraft.


We all love science fiction movies and the term “space exploration” fascinates everyone of us. Although space exploration is not possible for everyone (unless you are an astronaut at an organization like NASA), but you can get a chance to experience the thrilling history of space exploration. For an extraordinary outer space experience on your trip to Bangkok, visit BCC Hall, Central Plaza Lardprao. From 1st December 2014, a world class exhibition on space exploration, named as NASA – A Human Adventure, will be held at BCC Hall which will run until 1st of February, 2015. Here, you can discover many great events related to the the space programs of NASA and the extraordinary space adventures.
About the Exhibition
The Bangkok Convention Center will display more than 400 original artifacts from NASA’s historical space programs to its visitors. Also, you can admire the life-size replicas of satellites, space cars, rockets, space suits and many other things which are important for the space race. The whole exhibition will be divided into 4 different zones.
These 4 Zones are :
In this part you can see replicas of NASA’s space crafts such as Apollo and Gemini, rockets, space robots, space suits, space food and other electronic and mechanical devices used in space. You can even see the replica of space suit used by Neil Armstrong on his mission.
In rides zone, you can enjoy many different and unique kind of rides such as G Force Simulator where you can feel 1G force and The Globe, which is 360 degree round screen displaying our solar system. There is a Photo Activity Club where visitors can take pictures wearing the space suit.
Visitors can also buy souvenirs related to space such as models of rockets, flight jackets, pens, key chains and many others things.
The Space Café is divided into 7 different zones from zone 1 to zone 7. It is the place where you can get information about the complete space technology such as the making of first rocket, inventions of space vehicles, all information on how astronaut live in space to latest space technology.
Each of the sections displays voices, words and stories of key figures in the development of modern space exploration and follow the historical chronology through replicas, models, real objects and interactive audiovisuals. NASA – A Human Adventure Exhibition is not only entertaining but educational too. Children will love this exhibition and it is an event which can not be missed.
It will open every day from 10:00 to 20:00.
500 Baht on weekend & Public Holiday for adult
400 Baht on weekday for adult
350 Baht on weekend & Public Holiday for students
250 Baht on weekday for students


Captain Jean Castonguay’s retirement began nine minutes early — and it cost him a tie.
Air Canada Flight 879 from Toulouse, France landed at Montreal’s Trudeau International Airport Monday at 2:46 p.m., ahead of a scheduled 2:55 p.m. arrival. That brought the curtain down on the four-decade flying career of the airline’s Montreal-based Airbus A330 chief pilot.
Castonguay, who will turn 65 in March, had a familiar face beside him in the cockpit for his final transatlantic journey: his daughter Marie-Pierre, 28, a first officer with the airline. While this wasn’t the first time the pair had flown together, the special occasion will live long in their memories.
“It was very emotional. We felt so privileged to be experiencing this moment together,” the younger Castonguay, an Air Canada pilot since 2019 who took her first flying lessons at age 15, said Monday afternoon in Dorval after the pair had cleared customs. “He’s been such a great mentor for me. I’m lucky to be flying the same plane, the A330, which we both love. It’s as if his career is continuing through me.”
Added the beaming father: “I’m very proud to be passing the baton to her. She doesn’t need my advice. She’s very good.”
As he reached the arrivals terminal, Castonguay was greeted by family members and more than 20 current and former work colleagues, who gave him a thunderous ovation. He took time to shake hands and trade smiles with everyone, accepting wishes for a happy retirement.
He also had to stand stoically as his daughter cut his black tie in half with a pair of scissors, eliciting much laughter from the gathering.
Flying, the elder Castonguay said after the howling had died down, “is a passion that I will have all my life. Once a pilot, always a pilot.”
International Civil Aviation Organization standards require captains of large transport aircraft to be under age 65.
Castonguay began his career in general aviation, cutting his teeth on smaller planes such as the twin-engine Piper Navajo and the Convair 580 turboprop. He joined Air Canada in 1986, initially flying such jets as the Boeing 727, the Bombardier CRJ and the McDonnell Douglas DC-9.
After being laid off in the early 1990s, Castonguay spent about two years operating Boeing 727s and 757s for the now-defunct Quebec-based carriers Nationair and Royal Airlines, according to his LinkedIn page.
He then rejoined Air Canada, where he worked as a flight instructor, base manager and fleet manager before being named chief pilot for the A330 wide-body jetliner in August 2017.
A chief pilot handles technical issues regarding an aircraft and oversees all pilots qualified on that type of plane. He or she is also responsible for standard operating procedures and fleet manuals, while looking after the airline’s relationship with the aircraft manufacturer.
Castonguay’s career has taken him around the globe, with stops as distant from Montreal as Hong Kong, Seoul and Singapore.
Even today, he says the A330 — 18 units of which are part of the Air Canada fleet, with two more coming soon — remains his favourite aircraft. He’ll now be able to display a scale model of the plane at home, courtesy of Airbus officials, who gave him one Monday before takeoff. Toulouse is where the European plane manufacturer’s headquarters are located.
“I don’t know how the Airbus people found out about my retirement, but they came to congratulate me” Monday morning, Castonguay said. “I’ve been flying the A330 for about 15 years. I’ve had the opportunity to change for the (Boeing 787) Dreamliner and the 777, but I didn’t want to. I love how the plane behaves. We had a bit of turbulence today, but everything went smoothly.”
Castonguay says technological changes over the years haven’t dimmed his love of flying.
“I had as much fun flying an old DC-9 back then as I do now with an Airbus and its onboard computers,” he said. “Technology today, with GPS and all the navigation systems that we have, is so precise that it’s fascinating to see the predictions the plane gives you. You always end up bang on. With a plane like the old DC-9, It was a lot more haphazard.”
Canadian airlines rank last for on-time arrivals in North America
Air Canada pilots look to start bargaining early after WestJet pay hike
Now that retirement time has arrived, Castonguay says he plans to spend the next few months relaxing at home before embarking on the first excursion of his post-Air Canada life. A road trip in Italy with his partner, possibly next spring, is in the works.
“All of Europe is fantastic, places like Nice or Toulouse in the summertime are so pretty, but I’m looking forward to driving around Italy,” he said. “Often as a pilot you don’t have time to enjoy the places that you fly to. You get to the hotel and don’t really have time to go sightseeing.”
And if the opportunity presents itself, Castonguay says he would, well, jump at the chance to sit in the cockpit jump seat on a flight operated by his daughter.
“That’s what we’re hoping,” Marie-Pierre Castonguay said. “We talked about it on the flight today.”


Space truck set for maiden voyage
Europe is set to launch the biggest, most sophisticated spacecraft in its history.
The Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) is an unmanned ship
that can carry up to 7.6 tonnes of supplies to the International Space
Its other primary role is to push the orbiting outpost higher into the sky to keep it from falling back to Earth.
Space Truck, very interesting no one would imagine this 100 years ago and now its reality and its a remarkable success towards approaching further in universe.
Nasir Ali Khan


Samuel Y. W. Low
LEOGPS is an open-source Python software which performs relative satellite navigation between two formation flying satellites, with the objective of high accuracy relative positioning. It uses a TKinter GUI to assist in processing your GPS measurements, and also provides a number of well documented functions, with minimal external package dependencies, useful for your processing (see advanced references below).
LEOGPS is not packaged on PyPI. A direct git clone is all you need to get started with the software.
LEOGPS solves for the double-differenced baseline (using float ambiguity resolution) between satellites flying in formation in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). As such, the relative positioning accuracy diminishes with increasing formation baseline lengths. For formations with baselines kept below 200km, the relative positioning accuracy using the double-differenced kinematic technique can be kept under 1 meter for a typical automotive or space grade GPS receiver.
LEOGPS currently supports only observations from the GPS constellation (L1/L2 frequency), with observation files in RINEX v2.XX format. LEOGPS also uses the precise ephemeris (.EPH) and clock bias and drift files (.CLK) provided by the University of Bern, Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). As such, the coordinate frame used in the relative positioning is the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRS) which is an Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) frame. Since the ephemeris files and RINEX v2 observations default to GPS Time, it is very important to also note that the time scale used in LEOGPS output files is GPS Time (as opposed to UTC).
This project also gives sincere appreciation and credit to the University of Bern, for their provision of the CODE FTP.
Documentation tree for LEOGPS is listed below.
Written By: Samuel Y. W. Low


Sorry for having two posts in a row just being copied/pasted from a daily newspaper, but this one is also an interesting news, and actually I'm expecting to hear similar news in the coming days; about Oman Air launching more daily flights to more destinations.
According to this article on Times of Oman newspaper, Oman Air will launch seven flights a week to London starting from November of this year.
MUSCAT — Oman’s national carrier, Oman Air, will launch its maiden flight to London this November. The daily non-stop — seven flights a week — scheduled between Muscat and London Gatwick will be a milestone in the history of Oman Air.
The carrier can now offer passengers seven flights a week between Muscat and London.
Since Oman has pulled out of Gulf Air ownership last May, I was expecting that Oman would add more airplanes to the fleet of its national carrier and will also have flights to more destinations. Waiting for the day they launch weekly flights between Muscat and Khartoum. I'm quite sure that many Sudanese expatriates in Oman would be delighted to fly to Sudan by the national carrier; Oman Air.


Ian Dooge - Managing Director
Ian got the Aviation bug in 1987 when he started working for Gatwick Handling as a Traffic Officer at Gatwick Airport.
After a couple of years Ramp experience with large commercial jets Ian transferred over to the Executive handling department working at General Aviation terminal for Interflight an Air Charter Operator.
In 1991 Ian went to work for Jeppesen UK in the busy International flight service department and for the next three years learned all about flight planning and trip planning.
1994 Saw Ian leave Jeppesen UK with Tim Lester and joined Airdata Ltd, a UK based flight planning software developer, to start up a 24hour trip support department, Air Data Flight Operations Support (AFOS). Airdata was eventually acquired by Baseops International Inc of Houston Texas and AFOS became Baseops Europe Ltd.
In 2005 Ian moved to Air Partner Plc, a UK charter broker, to help set up another trip support department.
In 2006 Ian left and setup a new trip support company Flight-Assist Ltd. and has built the company up to be one of the leading Trip support companies in Europe.
Mike Woodhall - Director
After 3 years at Royal Holloway University of London, Mike began his aviation career; starting in 1997 as aircrew for Caledonian Airways, then with Virgin Atlantic from March 2000.
Mike left Virgin Atlantic in November 2003, and moved into trip planning by accepting a position at BaseOps Europe.
In September 2005 he was one of the team of specialists who left BaseOps Europe to introduce flight planning to Air Partner a UK charter broking company, where in August 2008 he was appointed Operations Manager.
In October 2009 Mike left Air Partner and joined Flight-Assist Ltd . Mike now runs Flight-Assist (Uk) Ltd the Sister company of Flight-Assist Ltd.
Tim Lester - Sales and Marketing Consultant
Tim's aviation career started in 1966, as an ATC Assistant at London Heathrow.
After a routine medical picked up an eyesight defect that limited his promotional prospects, he decided to move into airline operations. He spent 5 years with Lufthansa, before embarking on what was planned to be a working trip around the world.
He got as far as New Zealand in 1973 - where remained for the next 11 years.
Whilst there he was with Pan American in Auckland where his final position was that of Operations Manager. On his eventual return to the UK, he put his overseas experience to use as a Flight Planner with Memrykord Ltd, a subsidiary of Lockheed Dataplan.
After Jeppesen's acquisition of the company in 1989, Memrykord became Jeppesen UK.
In 1994 Tim joined Airdata Ltd, a UK based flight planning software developer, to head up a 24hour trip support department, Air Data Flight Operations Support (AFOS). Airdata was eventually acquired by Baseops International Inc of Houston Texas and AFOS became Baseops Europe Ltd.
Tim moved to Air Partner Plc, a leading UK charter broker, in 2005, to set up another trip support department.
He retired in 2007, but in late 2009 Ian Dooge tempted him back out of retirement to work as a International Operations Consultant at Flight Assist Ltd.
Tim is married with a grown up son and daughter, and is a "born again" Harley Davidson rider!


Spacenus pitched at the #sentinel2go event at ESOC, Darmstadt. The event was a great achievement for European Space Agency (ESA) and other Earth Observation (EO) communities, as ESA is developing a satellite family named Sentinels, especially for the operational need of the Copernicus program.
Therefore, it was a great honour for the Spacenus family to be invited in this event. Mr. Riazuddin Kawsar, Co-founder and CEO, Spacenus GmbH, was interviewed live on that event and he introduced Spacenus as well as the main goal of our company.
Mr. Lionel Born, another Co-founder and CSO of Spacenus GmbH was also interviewed by the press media and spread words on future prospects of Spacenus.
Farming is a time-critical process and Spacenus is developing tools to make the farming more efficient. Our boundary detection service can detect the agricultural field boundaries, size and shape, which is changes frequently. These geometric data are the basis for the future self-driving tractor operations which is a great vision of Spacenus. Additionally, our machine data link service translates and transfers the agricultural application recommendation services from the satellite to the tractors. With these services in combination with the precise satellite navigation system, the future tractors will seed, fertilize and harvest autonomously.
On that event, Spacenus first unveiled its first flyer to the community and everyone was very interested about Spacenus’ activity and future commitment. Spacenus also indicated about the new invention on automated crop disease detection application. The application is a native mobile app which can detect diseases and recommend possible solutions.
After a long night Spacenus was excited and it was great to have the Sentinel-2B satellite safely in its orbit with her sister satellite Sentinel-2A.


Maria Temming, Science News Writer explains, Fifty years ago, astronauts left more than footprints on Earth’s lunar neighbor
This photo, taken in 1969 by Astronaut Neil Armstrong, shows Astronaut Buzz Aldrin walking on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission. Apollo astronauts left a lot on the moon’s surface, from scientific instruments to trash.
Photo: NASAFifty years ago, astronauts first walked on the moon. Part of NASA’s Apollo program, they kicked off six missions to visit Earth’s lunar neighbor. Once on the moon, Apollo astronauts had two main goals: Get themselves and the moon rocks they gathered home safely.
That meant making space on cramped lunar modules for around 360 kilograms (about 800 pounds) of moon samples. Anything they didn’t need for the ride home got tossed — cameras, hammocks, boots and trash. They even ditched big stuff like moon buggies and launchpads.
But the astronauts left more than trashed castoffs. The crews marked their visits with six American flags and plenty of keepsakes. They also left behind about a dozen experiments to keep tabs on the moon. One still runs today.
These experiments were important parts of Apollo, says Noah Petro. He is based at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. There he works as a project scientist for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission. Its aim has been to map the moon...
Astronauts left more elaborate setups during other Apollo missions. Some of the nuclear-powered devices collected data through 1977. As NASA decided to focus on other projects, it pulled the plug on the whole operation.
The data sat unstudied for years, Petro says. But within the last decade, a new generation of scientists has taken up the torch. They are analyzing Apollo observations to answer some lingering questions.
Source: Science News for Students


2 edition of Aircraft emissions found in the catalog.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency.
Aircraft account for 12% of all U.S. transportation greenhouse gas emissions and 3% of total such U.S. emissions. They are the largest source of transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions not subject to standards. Aircraft emissions The sky's the limit. Air travel is a rapidly growing source of greenhouse gases. But it is also an indispensable way of travel.
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Council has adopted a new aircraft CO2 emissions standard which will reduce the impact of aviation greenhouse gas emissions . Emission inventory (EI) is a comprehensive listing of pollutants from all sources in a geo-graphical area during a period of time. The development of EI database is very important to air quality management and helps us to find out main sources. In general, to develop a reliable EI for one specific area, the following steps are involved: (i) list the types of sources, (ii) determine the types.
Last year, aviation emitted m tonnes of carbon dioxide – % of global energy-related CO 2 emissions, according to Carbon Brief. If aviation were a country it would be the sixth biggest. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on Wednesday proposed new regulations to stem aircraft emissions. EPA’s proposal would adopt emissions standards from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which is aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from new aircraft by 4 percent over 12 years.
Sin in style
Historical and Forecasted Energy Prices by DOE Region and Fuel Type for Three Macroeconomic Scenarios
A vacation among the Sierras
Judaism in the New Testament
Pip Bartletts guide to sea monsters
Geographical account and station records of Velero III in Atlantic waters in 1939 ...
The moving finger writes
Principles of physics
Trial of the action in favor of the Rev. Samuel Russell of Boylston against John Howe of Boylston, for defamation
Pagan Invasion Volume 11
A Manual Of The Litany
This page provides links to regulations and other information for aircraft emissions. Jump to main content. An official website of the United States government.
We've made some changes to If the information you are looking for is not here, you may be. EPA is trying to cut aircraft emissions, but the rule book is cloudy. A Boeing jetliner, belonging to Delta Airlines, lands at McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas, Nevada on March 5. The environmental impact of aviation occurs because aircraft engines emit heat, noise, particulates and gases which contribute to climate change and global dimming.
Airplanes emit particles and gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2), water vapor, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, lead, and black carbon which interact among themselves and with the atmosphere.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on Wednesday proposed the first ever carbon dioxide (CO 2) standards for aircraft — sounds like a big deal, right. After all, aviation emissions.
Aviation emissions in context Inaviation was accountable for % of the total EU28 greenhouse gas emissions and for % of the emissions from transport, making aviation the second most important source of transport GHG emissions after road traffic .Greenhouse gas emissions from aviation in the EU have more than doubled sincewhen it accounted for % of total emissions.
Meanwhile, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a notice of proposed rulemaking in July that would limit allowable greenhouse gas emissions from many turbine aircraft.
The rulemaking was triggered by a provision of the Clean Air Act, as amended in The EPA found that jet engines emit high concentrations of six key greenhouse gases that are associated with climate change. Aviation Emissions and Air Quality Handbook Aviation Emissions and Air Quality Handbook Version 3 Update 1 Federal Aviation Administration Office of Environment and.
Aviation is one of the biggest contributors to carbon emissions. Airplane emissions have increased by % each year since and are expected to make up 25% of the world’s carbon emissions. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on Wednesday proposed new regulations to hinder emissions from air travel, prompting criticism the agency is codifying standards many aircraft.
Aircraft account for 12% of all U.S. transportation greenhouse gas emissions and 3% of total such U.S. emissions. They are the largest source of transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions not. Calculations of Airplane Emissions. The emissions calculated by this calculator are based on calculations froma non-profit environmental organization.
The fuel consumption of a jet depends on the size of the aircraft and distance traveled, but takeoff and climbing to cruising altitude are particularly fuel-intensive.
The contribution of aviation emissions to the ambient environment varies greatly across different aircraft activities (Song and Shon, ).The LTO cycles have widely been considered to impact the ground-level air quality greatly, which is within the planetary boundary layer (typically below 1–3 km) (Woody et al., ; Jacob, ).Therefore, this study especially focused on the LTO.
The commercial aviation industry is targeting a 50 percent cut in greenhouse gas emissions by from levels, but the plans don't address the climate warming caused by. business aircraft emissions are a small portion of those.
The industry has a long history of continually leveraging technology to minimize noise and emissions, while improving safety and efficiency.» Only about 3 percent of the approximat busi-ness aircraft registered in. A third test in August examined emissions from two B aircraft with CFMB22 engines and two aircraft with CFMB1 engines and a fourth test, conducted in October-Novemberevaluated emissions from a Learjet25 aircraft with CJ engines, an A aircraft with PW engines, two B aircraft with RBE4B.
Finally, once EPA promulgates aircraft emissions standards, section of the Clean Air Act requires the FAA to issue subsequent regulations to ensure compliance with these standards.
EPA expects to proceed using a similar approach for a domestic GHG standard. This approach is dependent, however, on EPA’s issuance of a final endangerment. Links between aircraft emissions and potential climate change impacts are depicted below in a schematic Figure: Aviation emissions affect both air quality and the global climate.
Compared to other economic sectors, commercial aviation is a relatively small contributor to emissions of concern for both air quality and climate change. Quantifying aircraft emissions of Shanghai Pudong International Airport with aircraft ground operational data.
Environmental PollutionDOI: / O. Oguntona. Longer-term aircraft fleet modelling: narrative review of tools and measures for mitigating carbon emissions from aircraft fleet.
"When you consider the full flight, which includes emissions from takeoff, cruise and landing, aircraft emissions are also responsible for aro premature deaths a. In fact, if everyone in the world took just one long-haul flight per year, aircraft emissions would far exceed the US’s entire CO2 emissions, according to ICCT analysis.
Aircraft emissions of all species have declined over time, however, considerably more progress has been made with HC and CO than with NOx. NOx CO2 H2O CO HC 0 Relative Emissions/passenger-mile. Aviation & Emissions – A Primer 6. Aircraft Emissions: Impact on Air Quality and Feasibility of Control Paperback – Septem by U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (Creator) See all 2 formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. Price New from Used from Kindle.TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Research Report Exhaust Emissions from In-Use General Aviation Aircraft provides emissions data to better understand and estimate general aviation (GA) aircraft emissions.
Aircraft emissions data for smaller aircraft such as piston and small turbine-powered aircraft either do not exist or have not been independently verified.


BAE Systems Military Air and Information (MAI) has chosen Infor10 to support a substantial business transformation program. The solution, which integrates ERP, Business Intelligence, bar-coding, and a supplier commerce portal through Infor10 ION, will enable BAE Systems MAI to rationalise and standardise its lean core business processes, improving operational efficiency and boosting performance in the delivery and support of major programs such as the Eurofighter Typhoon and F35 Joint Strike Fighter.
Infor was selected as it can deliver a comprehensive, industry-specific solution, built on deep domain expertise in the aerospace and defense industry. Infor10 will be a key enabler in delivering BAE Systems MAI’s business transformation program and the company anticipates substantial savings through reduced licensing and IT maintenance costs.
Underpinning the solution is Infor10 ION, Infor’s middleware, which will connect and integrate applications, enabling BAE Systems MAI to quickly extract information across the business. It is expected that this improved visibility will accelerate effective decision-making and enhance BAE Systems MAI’s competitiveness when bidding for new projects.
The Infor10 deployment will also incorporate Infor10 Workspace to provide a common look-and-feel and a single sign-on across the multiple applications. It delivers a consumer-grade experience and in-context intelligence that will help enable faster decision-making.
“With tighter budgets and greater demands from defense customers around the world, our business is facing significant challenges but also a range of exciting opportunities in all our markets,” said Adrian Fallows, head of strategic business systems, BAE Systems MAI. “Supported by Infor10, this transformation program will drive our competitiveness and ensure BAE Systems MAI is more efficient and responsive to market conditions.”


When flying is such a serious business, why should a flight simulator be any less serious?
We have every right to expect the flight simulator that we are using to be as realistic as possible. As experienced users of flight simulators, we wanted a simulator fame that would give us a 100% immersive experience, one that would make us understand just how challenging flying a plane could.
Make one wrong move, and that will be the last thing you will ever do.
It’s not easy to be a pilot, that’s why pilots are paid so heavily.
Flying is a serious business, being a pilot is one of the toughest and most responsible jobs in the world.
Lives of hundreds are dependent on your every decision.
It is no wonder that Microsoft Flight Simulator 2018 release date is the best flight simulator 2018 for every single aspect and element of the game is designed and developed for providing players the fun and thrill of flying a real life like aircraft from a full size cockpit mockup using the most realistic flight dynamics.
In order to run Microsoft flight simulator 2018 your PC must support the basic system requirement of Windows Vista or Windows 7 OS, or Windows XP with Service Pack 2. There is one, it’s called the Virtual Pilot 3D 2018 and it’s the best flight simulator 2018 by far and it costs just .
Even the flight conditions give you only a little control.
Apart from it, the cockpits are also not realistic.
Despite the difficulty in flying a plane, it helps you further in becoming a better pilot. Not only that, but the controls in this game really make it the best Flight Simulator 2018.


10 Principles of Psychology You Can Use to Improve Your Comercial Pilots Licence Hours Requirement
Our training center is world class and you can even get a flight instructor certification through our cadet program. This includes the basic background information on what it permits you to do, how to get one, and where you can get one. The duration of your training will depend on how frequently you are able to fly and how much time you dedicate towards your studies. We customize our helicopter flight training to meet your needs. But they gave the passion a chance to become a reality. Drag and drop to reorder tracks. Whether you are on the path to becoming a career pilot or wanting to fly only for fun there is a benefit of taking the next step and obtaining your Instrument Rating. Why this course if they are being paid for local flying training academy is not be placed on comercial pilots licence hours requirement of training airplane academy at a new skills. This is a special occasion and will be celebrated with the pilots tradition of cutting the tail off the shirt, lots of pictures and high fives. Adopting this in your flight training means less training time to become a pilot. Some you might have already accomplished in your private training or other experience, and some you might have to devote some time to completing. Although a sport pilot license is rather restricted, obtaining it could be an excellent first step in pursuing further licenses. The accelerated course time should take three to five weeks. Whether you are beginning your career path to the airlines or just looking for a recreational taste of aviation, this course is the primary base for aviation aspirations and careers. You are probably offline. Flight Instructor will ensure you have mastered the necessary theoretical and practical skills necessary to pass your check ride with a designated FAA examiner, and will provide you with an endorsement for your Private Pilot License check ride to be scheduled. You will be specifically instructed in the procedures for conducting commercial operations. It could be a radio call, a change in direction, or an inflight procedure at a certain time. What is Commercial Pilot Training Like? Faa license is a requirement laid down fees by new comercial pilots licence hours requirement. Prices are subject to change without notice. As a result you will perfect the use of a rudder. You no longer need to recall what to do from memory, it becomes second nature.
The length of time that is required to complete the Commercial Pilot course depends largely on your ability, motivation to learn, the amount of time you dedicate to studying and your proficiency with the English language. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. If English is your second language, Academy of Aviation uses simulator time to not only practice your flying skills, but role play with your Instructor as ATC. How Much Do Helicopter Pilots Earn? Have you liked us on Facebook? When would you like to start training? Students that progress quickly through the courses are proficient at English. May fly for pleasure or personal business. Training is focused on precision and smoothness of control applications. When you fly more often, you tend to need fewer hours to become proficient in handling an airplane. This is the academic aspect of your flight training. For the latter, a sport pilot certificate is a great option. The test starts will oral questioning and after that you will go fly with the examiner. Delicate scent of prestigious occupation, crisp pilot uniform and limitless horizons ahead. Above all, we want to support you in your ultimate goal of becoming a professional pilot! This can end up saving you a lot of time after getting your practice hours in. What is the cost savings on a helicopter flight vs. Each takes a different amount of time and has various requirements to fill.
Each certified flight instructor refines your maneuverability skills from the lowest licensing standards to the ATP. Besides, the best flight schools know the time trusted axiom that the best way to learn something is to teach it themselves. We pride ourselves on the level of training provided to all of our students, and encourage them to pursue their passion for aviation. Pilots will not be required to take an additional written exam. For pilots looking to fly for a living, the Commercial rating is required. However, if you want to ever be able to serve as captain at a major commercial carrier you will need to get the complete ATPL certification and everything that entails. He never did get furloughed, like many did, including friends of ours. Why should I get an instrument rating? If you wish to commence the course at the Procedural Instrument Flight Module, then you must be in possession of a BIFM Certificate or hold an EASA CPL. What the hours are online ground school dates where you will i required for their respective national comercial pilots licence hours requirement to acquiring this program speciality tailored to improve your level? How many hours are required for this course? You apply for hire; pilots and third party comercial pilots licence hours requirement for and i get paid to fly and accuracy than minimum. Now is the time for you to become a pilot and seize your dream! Can be paid, compensated to fly, or hired by operators and are required to have higher training standards than private or sport pilots. Be ready to respond to abnormal and emergency simulations such as a failed engine land to highlight your excellence as a future airline pilot. Still, there are some restrictions. Civil Aviation Safety Authority for Commercial Pilot Training. FAA minimums, although this varies from student to student. Contact me with any questions or to schedule your next flight! Visa Commercial Pilot plus Flight Instructor Program.
The commercial pilot needs to become licensed as an airline transport pilot in order to work for commercial airlines. During these solo flights you will be getting your maneuvers up to the FAA standards in order to pass the FAA Final Exam. The Commercial Pilot licence enables the holder to conduct private and commercial flights within Australia in good weather by day. Once you have proven your adeptness to an authorized flight instructor, they will give you a logbook endorsement for solo flight. The duration of the CPL flying component is approximately twenty one weeks, but can vary due to weather delays and students ability. See our rate sheet tab. Dariaus ir Gireno st. With CPL training, you have enough flexibility to work or seek education in other fields at the same time. Recieving your instructor rating can be one of the most rewarding paths in an aviation career. They probably had the head caterer of the photo shoot throw on a jacket and pretend to be a pilot. You must be able to read, speak, write and understand English. Some of the material you will cover will include the learning process, student record keeping, limitations, lesson planning, and instructor techniques. Pay as you go by either deposting money on account before or after each flight. In order to continue enjoying our site, we ask that you confirm your identity as a human. The responsibilities associated with earning a Commercial Pilot certificate involves more regulation requirements. You can fly solo as much as you would like; however, you are not allowed to fly with passengers. Space is limited in these sessions, so please let us know numbers. But commercial flight training is a whole different animal. No, but you can get a new one. An error occurred in the upload. Generally offer one accelerated course a year during the week. As a Private Pilot, you can fly an airplane day and night in visual flight conditions. This will easily save you thousands over time. In other words, we work with you to plan your courses. This can be a great license for local flying.
Your first flight lesson will begin with an introduction to procedures and a flight in a Training airplane of your choice. You will learn the techniques of pinnacle approaches as used when landing on a mountain top or on a roof top helipad. Alvin Antoine, one of our career students, successfully completed his private check ride with DPE Paul Hagarty. Helicopter license holders can be private or commercial pilots. Your CFI and the Chief Instructor will evaluate your theoretical knowledge and flying skills, prior to scheduling the oral and practical exam. Many people ask about PPL meaning. Even though we all know movement is supposed to be happening due to the projected pilot shortage, those of us in the industry are seeing a slow trickle as opposed to the flow we were promised. Focus on advanced maneuvers like stalls and steep turns to demonstrate a firmer grasp for different pilot careers. Especially given that most students need around double the minimum to meet the required standard of proficiency. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The cost to get your CPL depends on several factors. The obvious answer is so you can make money flying. Next session COMING SOON! In fact, each pilot license allows its holder to fly aircraft of a certain category and class. This will depend on how often the student comes in, studies and processes the information. Furthermore, you learn about aircraft weight balance and aircraft performance. This license is excellent for hobbyists. IAA is a State board certified vocational flight school. Commercial pilots are able to fly professionally.
Europe, you can convert it to a European PPL.


News Conference and Events
China successfully launched the second 1m C-SAR operational satellite, Marine monitoring satellite constellation has been officially completed
At 7:47 April 7th, China has successfully launched the 1m C-SAR satellite using the Long March 4C carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
A new development journey of Ocean colour Satellites
The delivery of HY-1 series of satellite competed, the development of HY-3 series satellites started.
HY-2D satellite was successfully launched
At 12:03 on May 19.2021, China has successfully launched the HY-2D satellite using the Long March 4B carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. This signifies China’s ocean dynamic environmental satellite has entered 3 satellites network generation.


Climb aboard a luxury helicopter and swoop high above sites in Dubai such as Atlantis The Palm, Burj Al Arab, and the “Golden Mile”.
Taking a helicopter tour of the city of Dubai is a privilege that only few get to enjoy. Our selection of thoughtfully designed aerial tours are created to ensure an unforgettable experience. See Dubai’s iconic buildings and magnificent skyline from a unique perspective. From the internationally renowned Burj Khalifa and world famous Burj Al Arab to the spectacular “The World Island” and “The Palm Jumeirah”, we can ensure a safe, luxurious and unique unobstructed view of Dubai in well-appointed helicopters.


Since 2008, AirOcean Aviation, LLC has been providing helicopter Utility Patrol services and support to major utility companies in the Northeast, including CL&P, WMECO, United Illuminating and National Grid. We specialize in safe and cost-efficient utilization of resources to provide the safest possible scheduled and emergency patrol services to our customers. Each pilot authorized to conduct aerial power line patrol for AirOcean Aviation has completed extensive ground and flight training and is required to have completed the UAS (Utilities Aviation Specialists) “Flying the Wire Environment” training course within the preceding two years. This training is designed specifically for pilots and crews flying in the low level wire environment. AirOcean Aviation is also proud to hold an “A” Rating from ISNetworld. Since 2008, we have completed thousands of hours of power line patrol accident and incident free. In 2011 and 2012 AirOcean played a vital role in post storm damage assessment and restoration of power following Hurricanes Irene and Sandy.
Safety has always been our first priority and every patrol flight starts on the ground with a thorough safety briefing and detailed plan for the day’s work. Our pilots work hand in hand with the clients’ Aerial Observers to ensure that the job is completed as safely and efficiently as possible.
Our patrol capabilities include Visual, Infrared, Corona and Vegetation Management. Some of these require additional crewmembers making the Crew Resource Management Training an even more vital part of the process.
Some pictures from some of our patrols are shown here. The weather doesn’t always cooperate but when it starts to clear up some of the sights are pretty impressive. This first image picture below was taken during an early morning patrol in the November 2012. The second was taken just a couple of months later when the snow had started to melt in February 2013. The third shows just how beneficial it is to be able to look at problems up close and personal from the air.
AirOcean Aviation, LLC is the primary provider of helicopter aerial patrol for the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection. This government contract covers deer population surveys, waterfowl and migratory bird observation, and moose monitoring. The moose monitoring operations are designed to gather health data and movement patterns of CT’s small moose population.


Blue Sea, a company with deep-sea satellite ambitions, announced on Tuesday it has shut down its operation and said it will be “no longer operating as a satellite service provider”.
Blue Sea’s death is a huge blow to the US space industry.
Its satellite company, Blue Sky, had been planning to launch Blue Sea into space, using a Falcon 9 rocket, but those plans were scrapped due to financial problems.
“We are deeply saddened to have to inform you that Blue Sea has ceased operations as a provider of deep ocean mapping services,” Blue Sea said in a statement.
“In the future, Blue Sea will be working with partners to establish a new satellite constellation.”
Blue Sea did not respond to requests for comment.
It was founded in 2014, after a former US government scientist, Scott McEwen, left the company after his contract with the US Geological Survey expired.
Mr McEwens team had built software for mapping the seafloor, using the Earth’s magnetic field and satellite data.
The satellite, called Blue Sea Explorer, would have been able to survey an area the size of California and then pinpoint a point on the ocean floor.
Blue Sea had been using the satellites for mapping before it was acquired by SpaceX.
The company was also working on a polar orbit satellite, which would have used a similar approach to Blue Sea.
BlueSea was formed as a spin-off from Blue Sky in 2015, and had hoped to use the Blue Sky technology for mapping deep-ocean environments.
Blue Sky said in its statement that the company “has made significant progress with the development of Blue Sea”.
It said it was “working with partners” to create a new constellation of deep-water satellites.
“Blue Sea has been working closely with Blue Sky on the development and launch of new deep ocean satellites,” it said.
“Our current plans are to launch a new Deep Ocean Explorer satellite in 2021.”
Mr McEllen said Blue Sea could have done more to help the US government by using the company’s satellite software.
“I can’t believe it is going away, it’s a shame,” he said.
Blue Sea also had a contract with NASA for mapping Arctic polar ice, but that contract was cancelled after a series of issues with data collection.
Blue Sky also launched its own polar orbit satellites, Blue Planet, but the company said those satellites had been cancelled by SpaceX after a technical failure.


Coming or Going? The North American P-82
By United States Air Force [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
This aircraft is literally two P-51 Mustangs banged together.
I entirely appreciate the thinking behind taking a very successful platform together and doubling the awesome, but I can’t help imagining a number of entertaining scenarios in which a pilot in each fuselage attempts to wrest control of the ‘plane off the other.
I’m also imagining a number of flights in which the pilots spend most of the cruising time in giggling fits as they make faces and thumb their noses at each other along with similar hijinks.
There’s good reasons why this type of combination of two fuselages would be successful, but at first glance it’s such a seemingly-odd thing to do that I can’t help and be amused.
For more technical information, see the Wikipedia page.
Sidenote: The first versions of these aircraft really did fly with two pilots - but not at the same time! The pilots would alternate on long journeys to provide relief for the other. Later versions replaced one pilot position with space for a radar operator.


Do you have the right stuff to become an Astronaut Candidate? Are you ready to become a specialist in all things aviation and rocketry? Join Janet of Janet's Planet and her Mission Specialists for an out-of-this-world adventure! During camp, this year students will have a daily curriculum focusing on the NASA Artemis Mission, Climate Changes, Mars, Aviation, and at the end of the week have their very own Launch Day!
Monday, July 18, 2022 at 9:00 A.M.
Standard price: $225.00
Janet Ivey of the award-winning "Janet's Planet" and President of Explore Mars, Inc. is proud to return to Newberry for another year of Space Academy. Astronaut Science Technology Engineering Arts & Mathematics Academy is geared towards rising 6th – 9th graders.
Buckle up and be prepared to be inspired by all things SPACE, SCIENCE, AVIATION, CYBERSECURITY, and ROCKETS at Janet's Planet Aviation Academy! Your astronaut will be led by Janet of PBS's "Janet's Planet", NASA STEM Certified Florida Teacher of the Year Dr. Lori Bradner, and more fun instructors from 9 AM - 5 PM on July 18th- 22nd, 2022. Each day will include STEAM (Science Technology Engineering Arts Mathematics) activities, physical activities, "Astronaut Training" journaling, and even lunch.
Transportation for field trips, lunch, and snacks are included in the registration fee.


Aviation is one of the fastest growing and technologically advanced modes in transport. In developing economies, significant increases in tourism and business flights place increasing pressures on airports and airspace with regard to capacity, infrastructure, technology systems and human resource. In order to meet this challenge, governments need to evolve to support growth through improvement of domestic legislation and regulatory functions, infrastructure development, embracing regional integration and harmonisation, as well as compliance with international technical and safety regulations.
AMP has a strong capability and experience in analysis of the commercial and general aviation markets, estimating future passenger and freight demands, studying existing flight networks and assessing the sufficiency of airport infrastructure. We provide strategic advice and recommend development frameworks that enable governments and responsible agencies to build a competitive and sustainable national aviation business.


If figures are to be believed 2012 came out as the safest year in terms of casualties from plane crashes with lowest accident rate of 1 per 2.5 million flights which is half of that of 2011. According to Ascend the passenger death rate has decreased over the years. It was 1 per 1.8 million in 1990s, 1 per 3.7 million in 2000-2009 and 1 per 6.1 million in 2010. Insurance claims also reduced to 980 million dollars in 2012. About 160 passengers and crew were killed per year in last decade which is half of the previous decade. We are listing 10 most fatal plane crashes till date
1. Pan Am Flight 1736 and KLM Flight 4805 @ Tenerife North Airport(1977)
A small bomb explosion at Gran Canaria Airport compelled these two flights to divert to Tenerife North Airport on 27 March 1977. Poor visibility, thick fog cover and short of ground radar facilities and communication errors led to the fiasco where two Boeing 747 aircraft’s collided on the runway. 335 people aboard of Pan Am flight and all 248 passengers along with the crew of KLM flight were killed leading the shocking death toll of 583 making it the deadliest plane crashes till date. It is still the most deadly disaster in commercial aviation history. Its repercussions led to the formation of Crew Resource Management where the flight crew had enough powers to challenge their captains if they feel of some errors being committed. ATC jargons were standardized to reduce the occurrence of any misunderstandings which played the main role in the accident.
2. Japan Airlines Flight 123 @ Mount Takamaghara. (1985)
On 12 August, 1985 series of mechanical failure led to this plane crash. 12mins post take off from Haneda airport the alt pressure bulkhead (seals the rear end of the plane to build cabin pressure) leaked and the sudden rush out of gases from the cabin ripped off the vertical stabilizer of the aircraft. Unmaneuverable the plane crashed into the Takamaghara mountains after few failed attempts of the pilot to steer the aircraft to safety. All the 15 crew members and 505 passengers lost their lives. Amazingly only 4 of passenger survived. It is considered the most dreadful single-aircraft accident in the history. Later investigations revealed that the aircraft had malfunctioned 7 years earlier and wasn’t repaired aptly. It led to the formation of Safety Promotion Center at Tokyo International Airport to train people about personable responsibility.
3. Mid- Air Collision Saudi 747 & Kazak IL-76 @ Charkhi Dadri (1996)
( 349 lives)
This is considered to be the most dreaded mid-air collision till date. Between the Saudi 747 & Kazak’s IL-76 a total of 349 people lost their lives. During those days Delhi airport only had one air corridor for both incoming and outgoing aircrafts and 1000 feet was the separation distance kept between incoming & outgoing aircrafts. The collision occurred with the Kazakhstan pilot misunderstanding the directions to fly at an altitude of 14000ft as against the directed altitude of 15000ft. It was in the last few seconds before the impact that the ATC could communicate clearly that the Kazak aircraft needs to pull up which it did with full throttle however fate had its own story and the tail of the IL-76 ripped apart the left wing of the Saudi 747. Both the planes turned into a fireball and plummeted to the ground with no survivors. Post this the aviation authorities of India ordered additional air corridors to separate traffic and that all aircrafts coming to India should have Airborne Collision Avoidance System.
4. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 @ Paris 1974
This crash is a classic example where aircraft maintenance is taken for granted and not looked upon as a serious affair by organizations. This Turkish airline, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 crashed because of its rear cargo hatch blowing off, resulting in decompression and crippled controls. The hatch was closed manually those days to ensure it’s locked properly. Repeated complaints were made for this aircraft’s faulty hatch lock however during regular maintenance this was overlooked and shortcuts where used to solve the problem, finally leading up to the crash on 3rd March, 1974 near Paris where all the 346 passengers on board died.
5. Saudi Arabian Flight 163, Riyadh Airport 1980
287 passengers along with 14 crew members died due to smoke inhalation after the fire broke off in Lockheed L-1011 TriStar after takeoff from Riyadh International Airport in the month of August. The aircraft made emergency landing but it burst into flames. It remains the gravest of disasters which was not due to crash or mid-flight break up. Investigators marked the presence of 2 butane stoves which were kept near fire extinguishers. Airlines modified their training and emergency protocols and Lockheed upgraded to glass laminate enforcement in its planes.
6. American Airlines Flight 191,Chicago O’Hare 1979
On 25th May , 1979 another McDonnell Douglas DC-10 met the tragic end when it crashed after takeoff from O’Hare when left wing engine #1 got detached and flipped over top of the wing and denting the plane. 13 crew members and 258 passengers lost their lives. The detachment of engine was assumed to be the reason for the accident and the maintenance was kept in question and led to grounding of DC-10 by Federal Aviation Administration.
7. China Airways Flight 140 Nagoya Airport, Japan 1994
( 264 lives)
Human error resulted in another accident when the pilot unknowingly pressed the takeoff/go-around button before landing at Nagoya Airport and they could not troubleshoot the situations after autopilot of the Airbus A300 came into action. 264 lost their lives in accident. CAA, Taiwan ordered China Airways to modify the computers used for flight control.
8. American Airlines Flight 587 ,New York, 2001
The second deadly aircraft accident out of John F Kennedy airport when flight 587 crashed into the Belle Harbor just moments after takeoff on 12 Nov, 2001. It killed all 260 passengers including the crew. It was assumed to be a terrorist attack since it happened 2 months after 9/11. But the safety board revealed it that manual fault was responsible. Pilot training program was launched by American Airlines to rectify the mistakes.
9. Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 Abdul Aziz Airport 1991
( 260 lives)
261 Muslim pilgrims going to Mecca died on 11 July, 1991 when the plane caught fire just before landing and again the culprit was McDonnell Douglas Dc-8. Reports revealed that mechanic requested to inflate two tires which were below the minimum but it was ignored because of non availability of nitrogen gas. Friction generated led to generation of enough heat. The aircraft didn’t possess fire or heat sensors for wheel assembly.
10. Air New Zealand Flight 901 Ross Island, Antarctica 1979
( 257 people)
The site seeing route witnessed the fatal accident when Air New Zealand 901 crashed into Mount Erebus killing 257 people. Pilot error resulted in the disaster as the flight path was changed the last night without prior information to the pilot as claimed by people


India recently entered the history books by successfully landing its Chandrayaan-3 probe on the Moon’s unexplored south pole region. This monumental achievement was fueled by the expertise and commitment of ISRO’s leading scientists who envisioned and executed this ambitious lunar mission. Their contributions were vital in making Chandrayaan-3 one of India’s proudest accomplishments. This article highlights the profiles of these exceptional individuals whose knowledge empowered Chandrayaan-3 to fulfill its lofty objectives.
When Chandrayaan-3 completed its flawless landing on August 23, 2023, it marked much more than just another space mission accomplished. It signaled India’s arrival into an elite league of nations that have mastered the complexities of a soft lunar landing. In the words of ISRO Chairman S. Somanath, this historic milestone represented “a giant leap for Indian science.” Only three other nations – the USA, USSR and China – had previously achieved this feat.
Chandrayaan-3 Main Scientist Name List – Who Propelled India’s Historic Chandrayaan 3 Mission
The Captain of India’s Lunar Quest (S. Somanath, Chairman of ISRO)
The man who chaired ISRO during this proud moment was S. Somanath. Since assuming office in January 2022, he spearheaded Chandrayaan-3 from concept to fruition. Somanath’s vast expertise with launch vehicles was key to developing the GSLV Mk III that launched the mission. Drawing from experience in previous lunar and planetary projects, he optimized Chandrayaan-3 for success. As Chairman, Somanath coordinated between ISRO centers transforming plans into flawless execution.
As the captain steering India’s lunar quest, Somanath’s hands-on leadership was evident throughout Chandrayaan-3’s journey. He engaged actively with scientists to transform the mission from drawing boards into operational reality. While giving autonomy to project leads, Somanath regularly reviewed progress, provided guidance and addressed challenges. His stewardship culminated in the historic landing, a fitting testament to Somanath’s vision.
Also Read: Chandrayaan-3 Current Live Location
Importantly, Somanath recognized Chandrayaan-3’s success represented work of thousands at ISRO. He lauded collective team effort, noting “Chandrayaan-3 showcases what we can achieve through dedication and collaboration.” Somanath’s emphasis on teamwork exemplifies his effective leadership style.
The Nerve Center Managing Chandrayaan-3 (P. Veeramuthuvel, Project Director)
Project Director P. Veeramuthuvel served as the nerve center for Chandrayaan-3’s operations. After the July 2023 launch, Veeramuthuvel’s team tracked the orbiter round-the-clock from ISRO’s telemetry station. Their monitoring and commands kept Chandrayaan-3 healthy during its long voyage. Veeramuthuvel was integral to the control room that supervised the descent, guiding the historic landing.
As Project Director, Veeramuthuvel carried massive responsibility on his shoulders. He oversaw mission planning and execution from start to finish. Veeramuthuvel coordinated between ISRO centers to realize the project within stringent deadlines. His hands-on approach ensured all systems including navigation, communications and propulsion worked cohesively. During the landing phase, Veeramuthuvel directly supervised control room operations, displaying remarkable poise under immense pressure.
Colleagues describe Veeramuthuvel as leading by example. His round-the-clock presence motivated employees to give their best. Veeramuthuvel also mentored junior scientists, sharing technical skills and spiritual wisdom. His balance of task orientation and people-centric values was instrumental in Chandrayaan-3’s success.
The Pilot Who Launched Chandrayaan-3 (S. Unnikrishnan Nair, Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre)
The thunderous lift-off of India’s mightiest rocket GSLV Mk III set Chandrayaan-3 on its journey. For this milestone launch, credit goes to S. Unnikrishnan Nair who led the team that developed the indigenous ‘Bahubali’ rocket. Along with Somanath, Nair ensured ‘Bahubali’ met benchmarks to inject Chandrayaan-3 precisely towards the Moon. The flawless launch proved the engineering rigor behind this vehicle.
As Director of ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Nair spearheaded the challenging GSLV Mk III development for over two decades. Under his leadership, engineers overcame complexities in designing, prototyping and testing this massive launch vehicle. Nair’s hands-on approach helped motivate employees to deliver their best. His uncompromising quality standards ensured every GSLV Mk III component worked flawlessly.
Nair’s colleagues describe him as incredibly hardworking and technically sound. He led by example, often working late hours beside junior engineers. His humility and friendly nature made him accessible despite the senior position. GSLV Mk III’s success is a testament to Nair’s vision and dedication.
Charting the Optimal Flight Plan (S Mohana Kumar, Mission Director)
As Chandrayaan-3 sped away from Earth, it followed a meticulously pre-planned path to the Moon. Overseeing this was Mission Director S. Mohana Kumar, a dedicated scientist with over 30 years at ISRO. His immaculate mission design – launch timing, orbital maneuvers etc. – ensured Chandrayaan-3 precisely reached its destination.
As Mission Director, Kumar intricately planned Chandrayaan-3’s trajectory and maneuvers years in advance. His calculations minimized fuel usage through efficient orbits, ensuring adequate propellant remained for landing. Kumar’s flight plan also maximized lifespan in space through stable orbits despite complex lunar gravity. Even minute errors could greatly amplify over vast distances, so his plan’s precision was remarkable.
Colleagues regard Kumar as incredibly disciplined, completely immersed in his work. His doctorate in astrophysics provided sound theoretical basis for the flight plan. Kumar also supervised mission simulations, fine-tuning parameters for optimal results. His balancing of creativity and rigor culminated in the flawless orbital choreography.
Maintaining Contact Across Vast Distances (B N Ramakrishna, Director of ISTRAC)
Once in space, communicating with Chandrayaan-3 was paramount. For this, ISRO relied on Director B.N. Ramakrishna and his team at ISTRAC. Their ground stations and powerful deep space antennas exchanged vital data with Chandrayaan-3 over 4 lakh km away – an impressive feat!
As Director of ISTRAC, Ramakrishna spearheaded the Deep Space Network supporting Chandrayaan-3 communications. His team set up advanced tracking systems and arrays of large dish antennas capable of picking up weak signals from vast distances. Ramakrishna optimized the orientation and sensitivity of these antennas to maximize signal reception. His observations were critical for calibrating transmission timing and frequencies.
Colleagues describe Ramakrishna as deeply engaged, often inspecting antenna installations personally. His hands-on leadership ensured even the smallest details were taken care of. Ramakrishna also mentored young engineers on intricacies of deep space communication. His commitment played a big role in maintaining flawless contact with Chandrayaan-3.
Building Chandrayaan-3’s Components (M Sankaran, Director of URSC)
While the flight team handled space operations, Chandrayaan-3 itself took shape much earlier on the ground. Leading its fabrication was Director M. Sankaran of ISRO’s U R Rao Satellite Centre (URSC). Under his watch, Chandrayaan-3 progressed from concept to assembled orbiter, lander and rover. His team’s flawless work guaranteed Chandrayaan-3’s structural, thermal, electrical and propulsion systems functioned smoothly in deep space.
As Director of the Satellite Centre, Sankaran carried the huge responsibility of delivering Chandrayaan-3’s spacecraft systems. He oversaw their design, prototyping, manufacturing and rigorous testing. Colleagues describe him as a hands-on leader, actively involved in engineering details. Sankaran’s technical expertise helped identify and address challenges in fabrication. His staff also benefited from his mentoring on complex spacecraft technologies.
Beyond technical competence, Sankaran also motivated teams and built excellent collaborative spirit across groups. His balanced leadership ensured Chandrayaan-3 took shape as a world-class spacecraft matching international standards.
The Deputy Captain for the Mission (Kalpana K, Deputy Project Director of ISRO)
Managing Chandrayaan-3’s complexity required an able deputy captain like Kalpana K, Deputy Project Director. She brought vital expertise from previous ISRO lunar and Mars missions. Kalpana assisted the Project Director in reviewing technical aspects and coordinating between agencies during development. Her diligent oversight kept the mission on track pre-launch.
As Deputy Project Director, Kalpana played an indispensable role in Chandrayaan-3’s success. She assisted the lead in planning and monitoring all aspects – technical, administrative, financial. Kalpana’s analytical mind and organisational skills made her an efficient problem-solver. She coordinated seamlessly between multiple ISRO centers who worked together to deliver the mission.
Colleagues respect Kalpana as highly competent yet approachable. She mentored junior colleagues graciously, building their capabilities for the future. Kalpana’s diligence and collaborative approach were integral to overcoming challenges in this complex mission.
India’s First Woman Engineer for a Lunar Mission (Muthayya Vanitha, Deputy Director of ISRO’s Satellite Centre)
Muthayya Vanitha, Deputy Director of the UR Rao Satellite Centre, became India’s first woman engineer in a lunar mission. She applied specialized skills in electronics systems to help build Chandrayaan-3’s equipment. Her diligent work ensured the probe’s power, communication and control systems worked reliably in deep space.
As Chandrayaan-3’s Deputy Director, Vanitha led design and development of the orbiter’s electronics systems. Her team miniaturized advanced systems to fit within size and weight constraints. Vanitha’s innovations enhanced reliability and radiation hardening essential for deep space. Colleagues recall her an excellent mentor, guiding young engineers in electronics hardware integration.
Beyond technical competence, Vanitha inspired women scientists at ISRO. She actively advocated for improving gender balance in India’s space program. Her participation in Chandrayaan-3 is a huge step forward, paving the path for more women in future missions.
The Brilliant Scientist Tracking Chandrayaan-3 (Ritu Karidhal, Senior Scientist and Aerospace Engineer of ISRO)
Among distinguished women scientists in Chandrayaan-3 was Ritu Karidhal Srivastava, renowned as the ‘Rocket Woman of India’. She constantly monitored spacecraft telemetry after launch, drawing from experiences in previous Mars and lunar missions. Under her attentive tracking, Chandrayaan-3 remained in good health while orbiting the Moon.
As a senior scientist, Srivastava played an integral role in Chandrayaan-3’s post-launch phase. She monitored orbiter systems and guided trajectory corrections to keep it precisely on course. Her observations also identified potential anomalies early for corrective action. Colleagues regard her as meticulous, completely dedicated to her work.
Beyond her technical brilliance, Srivastava actively encourages young women to pursue science careers. She emphasizes that gender should not be a limiting factor. Srivastava’s participation in Chandrayaan-3 demonstrates that women can achieve anything with passion. She stands as an inspiration to future women scientists.
The individuals above represented some of the best minds that made Chandrayaan-3 a grand success for India. Their vision, meticulous planning and flawless execution enabled this ambitious lunar mission to fulfill its objectives. While these scientists led from the front, the truth is thousands of diligent ISRO engineers worked tirelessly behind the scenes to turn Chandrayaan-3 into reality.
The Chandrayaan-3 triumph highlights the exceptional talent within India’s space scientists. Their excellence has firmly placed India as one of the world’s leading space-faring nations. Chandrayaan-3 represents just the beginning as ISRO marches bravely into the final frontier for the glory of science and the nation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Who was the main lead scientist of the Chandrayaan-3 mission?
The mission was led by S. Somanath, Chairman of ISRO. As Chairman, he spearheaded Chandrayaan-3 from concept to execution.
2. Who managed the systems and operations for Chandrayaan-3?
P. Veeramuthuvel, as Project Director, served as the nerve center managing systems and operations of Chandrayaan-3 from the mission control center.
3. Who developed the GSLV Mk III rocket used to launch Chandrayaan-3?
The rocket was developed by a team led by S. Unnikrishnan Nair, Director of ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. He spearheaded the design, prototyping and testing of this heavy lift launch vehicle.
4. How did scientists maintain contact with Chandrayaan-3?
Contact was maintained through ISRO’s Deep Space Network under the leadership of B.N. Ramakrishna, Director of ISTRAC. The ground stations tracked and communicated with the spacecraft across vast distances.
5. Who built the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft?
The spacecraft was assembled under M. Sankaran, Director of ISRO’s Satellite Centre. He led the team that designed, manufactured and rigorously tested Chandrayaan-3’s systems.
6. What was the role of Kalpana K in the mission?
She was the Deputy Project Director who assisted the lead in planning, monitoring technical aspects, and coordinating between agencies.
7. Who was the first Indian woman engineer involved in Chandrayaan-3?
Muthayya Vanitha, as Deputy Director, became the first Indian woman engineer in a lunar mission. She applied her specialized skills in electronics systems.


هذه الصفحة متوفرة بهذه اللغة: العربية
27 Feb, 2019
Muscat (WAF): Oman Air and SalamAir –the two Omani Airliners- announced today the suspension of all their flights to Pakistan.
In the wake of escalated tensions between Pakistan and India, the Islamic Republic’s Authority for Civil Aviation closed its aerospace to all commercial flights. This led the Omani Airliners to subsequently suspend their flights to 5 Pakistani cities.
Oman Air said in its statement that it has suspended “its flights to Pakistan, namely Karachi, Islamabad, and Lahore, until further notice”.
“Due to Pakistan Aerospace closure, we regret that SalamAir flights to Karachi, Multan and Sialkot will not be operated till further notice”, SalamAir statement said.


In recent years, the concept of travel has undergone a transformative shift, extending beyond the boundaries of our planet. With advancements in space technology and the growing interest in commercial space travel, the possibility of short-term rentals in space is no longer confined to the realm of science fiction. This article delves into the exciting prospects and challenges associated with short-term space rentals, offering insights into the potential impact on the travel and hospitality industries.
The Rise of Commercial Space Travel
Commercial space travel has evolved from being a distant dream to a tangible reality. Companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic are at the forefront of this revolution, working towards making space accessible to private individuals. As a result, space tourism is on the brink of becoming a sought-after adventure for those who can afford it.
The Allure of Space Rentals
Imagine spending a few days in a space station, orbiting the Earth and gazing at the planet from a unique vantage point. The appeal of such an experience is undeniable. Short-term space rentals promise unparalleled views, weightlessness, and the chance to engage in activities that are impossible on Earth. Spacewalks, observing celestial phenomena, and conducting scientific experiments are just a few examples of what could be on offer.
Challenges to Overcome
While the concept of short-term space rentals is exciting, there are significant challenges that must be addressed. Firstly, the cost barrier remains substantial, limiting access to the privileged few. Additionally, the physiological effects of space travel on the human body, such as muscle atrophy and bone density loss, raise concerns about the safety and comfort of short-term occupants. Adequate training and preparation would be necessary to ensure a pleasant experience for renters.
Regulations and Sustainability
As with any emerging industry, regulatory frameworks must be established to govern short-term space rentals. The potential impact on Earth’s environment and space debris accumulation are critical issues that require attention. Striking a balance between fostering space tourism and preserving the space environment for future generations will be vital in shaping the industry’s trajectory.
Collaboration with the Hospitality Industry
The transition to space travel as a form of tourism necessitates collaboration with the established hospitality industry. Designing comfortable living spaces, providing gourmet space cuisine, and delivering high-quality service in a zero-gravity environment pose intriguing challenges. This collaboration could lead to the creation of a new breed of professionals – space hospitality experts.
Educational and Inspirational Opportunities
Short-term space rentals offer more than just leisure; they have the potential to inspire and educate. Guests could participate in research projects, interact with astronauts and scientists, and gain insights into the mysteries of the universe. Such experiences could spark a newfound interest in space exploration and science among people from various walks of life.


PPG (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA) has completed a $15.5 million investment in its aerospace research and technology (R&T) center in Burbank, California, USA.
With this investment, the R&T center received an expansion of its climate-controlled laboratory and testing space, as well as upgrades to on-site aerospace sealant and coatings equipment. In addition, the 39, 524-ft2 (3,672-m2) facility sports an open-floor plan with dedicated areas to promote collaboration amongst various manufacturing, customer service, and administrate departments.
“PPG continues to improve its R&T capabilities to provide new, innovative products and services to our customers in commercial, regional, military and general aviation,” says Mehran Arbab, global director for PPG’s aerospace coatings and sealants segment. “The enhancements to the Burbank facility strengthen PPG’s overall position as a reliable and innovative partner for our aerospace customers globally.”
PPG’s aerospace R&T facility in Burbank is a leading manufacturer of coatings, sealants, transparencies, packaging and application systems, and transparent armor, as well as chemical management and other services. PPG Aerospace, the company’s aerospace products and service business, is the world's largest supplier of aircraft windshields, windows and canopies. Industries served by PPG Aerospace include airframe manufacturers, airlines, and maintenance providers for global commercial, military, and general aviation industries.
The company held a grand opening ceremony for its R&T center on December 13.
Source: PPG, www.ppg.com.


Dr. Ayman Salem (PI) is the President of MRL Materials Resources LLC. He has earned his Ph.D. (2002) in Materials Science and Engineering from Drexel University. He recently led MRL through an awarded $72M contract from the United States Air Force Research Laboratory for the research and development and assessment of new alloys and metallic materials-processing technologies for aerospace applications. He is also the principal investigator of a team of 5 companies through a $6.5M Office on Naval Research Quality Made contract for the delivery of an additive manufacturing machine and a software property prediction in steel alloys. He founded MRL in 2009 and shepherded it through the end of 2008 financial crisis and the 2019 COVID pandemic with a healthy growth from one scientist to a 40+ scientist, engineer, and technicians with more than $85M of active DoD, DOE, and NASA contracts and commercial services with for various aerospace companies. He is specialized in Integrated Computational Materials Engineering, Materials Data Science, material characterization and quantification, and novel deformation processes.


2 edition of Air traffic control safety oversight found in the catalog.
Air traffic control safety oversight
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
|Series||S. hrg -- 112-65|
|LC Classifications||KF26 .C69215 2011|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||iii, 68 p. :|
|Number of Pages||68|
|LC Control Number||2011506822|
Aviation, transportation, and government officials testified on the Federal Aviation Administration's 'NextGen' program, which would shift the method of air traffic control from a ground-based. Aviation safety: (status of the U.S. air traffic control system): hearing before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, .
Get this from a library! Aviation safety/air traffic control restrictions: hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One hundredth Congress, first session, on oversight of the Federal Aviation Administration and the air traffic control system, J EAM 5 / GUI 2 – ESARR 5 and Related Safety Oversight for Air Traffic Control Officers, Part A – Licensing Oversight Edition Released Issue Page 9 of 54 Military authorities must also comply with ESARR 5 or have equivalent schemes for regulating their ATM personnel. In this context, ‘equivalent’ is interpreted to mean a.
Air Traffic Control Career Prep: A comprehensive guide to one of the best-paying Federal government careers, including test preparation for the initial Air Traffic Control exams. Patrick R. Mattson out of 5 stars /5(19). Safety Oversight Manual Second Edition — Doc AN/ Part A The Establishment and Management of a State’s Safety Oversight System ˘ ˇ ˆ ˆ ˙˝ ˇ ˛ ˆˇ ˘ ˇFile Size: KB.
Preaching in medieval England
History of Coseley
48th International PEN Congress
Seege of Troye
The Daniel fast
Some further account from London, of the small-pox inoculated.
Proceedings of New York university 1945 conference on the New York state franchise tax on business corporations ...
Ligament injuries and their treatment
Constitution by-laws and rules of order of the Young Amateurs School of Natural Sciences of Baltimore, instituted, January, 1857.
Case of the slave-child, Med
Rare and early architectural books
interior of a Gothic minster.
The Air Traffic Safety Oversight Service establishes safety standards and provides independent oversight of the Air Traffic Organization – the provider of air traffic services in the United States. We accomplish this safety oversight in a variety of ways including: Validating the Air Traffic Organization safety related processes used for.
Hrg. Air Traffic Control Safety Oversight [U. Government Printing Office (Gpo)] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The United States Government Printing Office (GPO) was created in Juneand is an agency of the U.S. federal government based in Washington D.C.
The office prints documents produced by and for the federal government. This book is a great introduction to the procedures and principles of air traffic control.
Everything is clearly explained, often with photos or diagrams. Although, by the nature of the subject, it uses a certain amount of technical language, these expressions are explained or written in a way that a non-technical person can by: 2.
Air Traffic Safety Oversight, for those personnel who certify or perform direct safety -related air traffic control services and/or certification on certifiable systems/subsystems/services in sup port of the NAS.
Who this Order Affects. FAA organizations and personnel who perform direct safety-related airFile Size: 1MB. Air Traffic Control Career Prep: A comprehensive guide to one of the best-paying Federal government careers, including test preparation for the initial Air Traffic Control exams.
by Patrick R. Mattson | by the Air Traffic Safety Oversight Service (AOV), within the Office of the Associate Administrator for Aviation Safety (AVS), on the Air Traffic Organization (ATO), and other organizations within the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regarding safety management of the air traffic system.
Size: KB. SUBCOMMITTEE ON AVIATION, ON AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SAFETY OVERSIGHT, Chairwoman Cantwell, Senator Thune, Members of the Subcommittee: Thank you for the opportunity to appear before you today to discuss the issues facing the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) air traffic control safety oversight.
Number B Title Air Traffic Safety Oversight Credentialing and Control Tower Operator Certification Programs Type Order Date Issued Febru 7.
Safety Management System. Appropriate safety management documentation, in accordance with FAA OrderAir Traffic Safety Oversight, ATO OrderAir Traffic Organization Safety Management System, and the ATO Safety Management System Manual, has been completed in support of the notice that preceded this Size: KB.
Discover NATCA National Air Traffic Controllers Association. NATCA is a labor union and aviation safety organization in the United States that represents nea highly skilled air traffic controllers, engineers, and other aviation safety-related professionals.
It was completed by: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No / of 17/10/ on safety oversight in air traffic management and air navigation services.
Amending: Commission Regulation (EC) No / and by: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No / of 17/10/ laying down common requirements for the provision of air navigation services. CAP Safety Management Systems for Air Traffic Management Page v Bibliography 1 CAP Safety Management Systems for Commercial Air Transport Operations 2 Safety Management Systems – Operating Standards Division Guidelines (version last revised 10 Dec ) 3 ICAO Document (Accident Prevention Manual)File Size: KB.
Business Component:Office of the Associate Administrator for Aviation Safety, Air Traffic Safety Oversight Service, Air Traffic Safety Standards Oversight Division (AOV) Learn more about this agency Responsibilities In particular, the incumbent: Applies experience and knowledge of, air traffic control procedures and operations.
WASHINGTON, D.C.—Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV, Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, today announced an Aviation Operations, Safety and Security Subcommittee hearing on air traffic control safety oversight. Get this from a library. Air traffic control safety oversight: hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, [United States.
Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and. Witnesses testified about the status of the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) air traffic control modernization April 2, General Motors Ignition Switch Recall.
− JOAir Traffic Control −Air Traffic Technical Training Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) On an End-of-Lesson Test, you will identify the duty priority, procedural preference, and operational priorities of the air traffic controller. 4 You will meet this objective in accordance with the following reference: FAA Order File Size: 6MB.
The Federal Aviation Administration Air Traffic Safety Oversight Service has assembled materials from our own library, International Civil Aviation Organization standards and guidance documents, and available manuals from other CAAs in order to present a well-rounded guide to the work of an ATSI.
Secrets from the Tower A Powerful, rare and original look into the important world of a Chicago O'Hare air traffic controller Secrets from the Tower is a terrific, thrilling, well-written, funny read, for its fascinating glimpse behind the scenes of an air traffic control tower, and will be enjoyable for anyone who's ever traveled by air.4/5(66).
Get this from a library. Improving the safety of air traffic control at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport: FAA oversight: fourth report. [United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations.]. Chapter 7—Airport Maintenance Standards & Air Traffic Control & Air Operations investigates the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part as related to maintaining runway and taxiway pavements, airfield signage, markings and lighting, navigational aids, and safety areas, as well as monitoring airfield driving and construction activities in.
FUNDAMENTALS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL 5E is an authoritative book that provides readers with a good working knowledge of how and why the air traffic control system works. This book is appropriate for future air traffic controllers, as well as for pilots who need a better understanding of the air traffic control system.
FUNDAMENTALS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL 5E discusses the history of air traffic 5/5(1).Kuwait Civil Aviation Safety Regulations Part 11 – Air Traffic Services Section 3 - ATS Oversight Control of this Document Issue 4 Revision 0 April Page 4 of 12File Size: KB.


Flight delays can be a real hassle to deal with, but do you know why your flight got delayed in the first place? Many passengers just accept that the flight got delayed but do not know the reason why, even if it is important to know. If the airline stated the flight was delayed for operational reasons, extraordinary circumstances, etc. you should know what those things mean. Here are some basics that you should learn.
If the airline states that the flight delay’s cause is because of operational reasons, you have the right to ask them to be more specific. Operational reasons can cover a number of different reasons, so it does not necessarily refer to mechanical issues. The incoming aircraft could be delayed, unavailability of crew members, last minute issues with engine/aircraft, etc. So the airline often uses operational reasons as a quick way to reiterate that your flight is delayed.
So, why is it so crucial that you have to know why your flight is delayed? Because you can get flight compensation depending on the reason why you experienced a flight delay. For example, if your flight experienced technical issues with the plane and you waited for your flight for more than 3 hours, you can earn as much as 600 euros for the delay! For example, if you were supposed to fly in our out of Denmark with Wizzair, you may first search for Wizz Air Flyvningen Annullering Erstatning. You just need to claim your compensation by completing their forms and submitting it accordingly. If you are not familiar with the methods or if you do not have enough time, you can just visit airclaim.com and they will help you sort out your compensation claim as quickly as possible.
Another common reason why your flight might be delayed is because you are waiting for the crew members. The plane needs a certain amount of crew members on board before taking off. If someone is late or not available, the airline will try their best to find another crew member at the last minute, which might not be as quick as you wish it could be. This is to ensure that the flight is safe and comfortable, which is normally the airline’s top priority.
Crew members can include the pilot as well. Obviously, a plane cannot take off without the pilot so the plane cannot leave until the pilot arrives. Luckily, pilots are normally very punctual and know the importance of their job, so late pilots are a rarity. While pilots might be a bit harder to find compared to other crew members, so this late crew member can be a bigger issue. You can read the airline’s rules and regulations to find out if you can get compensation for the flight delay because of a late pilot.
Do not settle for the airline’s excuse of “operational reasons” for a flight delay. You should know the exact reason why the flight got delayed to know if you can get flight compensation because you have rights as a passenger. It is a lot easier than you think and can be done quickly with a little help from professionals.


306th Bomb Group Historical Association
The 306th Bomb Group Historical Association is dedicated to research and education of the history of the 306th Bombardment Group, U.S. 8th Air Force, 1942-1946. The 306th Bomb Group (“The Reich Wreckers”) led the first daylight bombing mission flown by American forces over Germany on January 27, 1943, was the first 8th Air Force bomb group to complete 300 missions, was the longest serving bomb group in the 8th Air Force, and was also the inspiration for the 1949 movie ‘Twelve O’Clock High’, starring Gregory Peck.
We will be selling copies of the book “Shot Down”, the true story of a 306th Bomb Group 10-man crew who were shot down in their B-17 while on a mission in 1944. More info about the book: https://stevesnyderauthor.com/