The Global Space Law Center at Cleveland State University’s Cleveland-Marshall College of Law has completed another year of groundbreaking work on the evolving law of outer space. The space industry is face-to-face with extraordinary developments, including the commercialization of the International Space Station, resource extraction on celestial bodies, suborbital space tourism, and more. The Global Space Law Center is dedicated to resolve the legal issues that arise in the 21st century.
This year the Center’s online summer course on Space Law attracted another generation of future space lawyers and the Center’s student-staffed Research Council provided critical research support for both international and domestic space law initiatives.
Please join me in congratulating Stephen Robison, Jeffrey Murphy, Brian Asquith for their contributions as members of the GSLC Research Council. Here is a sample of some of the initiatives to which they contributed:
The NASA Advisory Council’s Policy and Regulatory Committee: The committee explored new approached to commercialize the International Space Station.
The Hague International Working Group on the Governance of Space Resources: This initiative is coming to the end of its multi-year effort to establish the “Building Blocks” for an international framework to govern the peaceful and fair exploitation of natural resources in space.
The United Nations Space Learning Group: This UN committee was charged with the challenging question of how best to regulate suborbital commercial space planes – such as Virgin Galactic’s SpaceShipTwo – which straddle the border between air and space law.
Thank you again to the 2018/2019 member of the Research Council. The members of the 2019/2020 Research Council will be announced shortly and we look forward to another groundbreaking year!
Mark J. Sundahl, Director of the Global Space Law Center


Balloon Trajectory Archive
Figures showing the forecast balloon trajectories are listed by the
date that the meteorological forecast was started (the `base
time'). There are eight forecasts corresponding to "balloon launches"
at 0, 16, 24, 40, 48, 64, 72 and 88 hours after the base time. Since
all base times are at 12GMT, these correspond to a balloon launch at
12GMT the same day, at 04GMT the following morning and then 12 and
04GMT for the following three days. The most likely launch time will
be in the early morning.
Note that the balloon flight plan includes the 2 hours taken to
inflate the balloon on the deck of Qinetiq's ship Triton. The ship
will be moving with the wind to prevent the balloon being blown
over. The forecast balloon releases occur immediately after inflation
(at 14 and 06GMT).


This Airplane hangar project was HUGE! And, it was nothing short of extraordinary. We are not responsible for passengers wanting to stay on the ground and admire the beauty of this floor – though we’ll admit that the plane looks pretty cool too. The project includes a high concentration of Silver TrueLock HDXT Diamond tiles. Additionally, the hangar includes yellow, orange, black, and red TrueLock HD Ribbed tiles that mark zones.
As indicated by the fact that there is a plane on them, these tiles are strong. The TrueLock HDXT Diamond tiles combine the engineering of a proven tile backing with a modern and sleek diamond profile. We can’t speak highly enough of the tiles, but see them for yourself by ordering free samples.
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I am definitely not a military person though I live in a Navy city, yet the air show which alternates being held over the ocean at Jacksonville beaches and at the Naval Air Station inspires me with the might of the US military. Almost everyone has heard of the Blue Angels, but not everyone has had them roaring over their house sending the cats under the bed and scattering the birds. When you hear those engines, you feel the power.
While there is much air power worthy of notice in the show-- acrobatic prop planes, rescue helicopters, parachute teams, and so many different jets I don't know them all, it is the Blue Angels everyone waits to see. Their performance is always the last act of the show, and no one is ever disappointed.
Two days before the air show, the Blue Angels practice, loudly, over the beaches area. They soar over parking lots, houses, and along the shoreline of the beach. Friday, before the show, I was outside and three Blue Angel planes flew over my back yard. It seemed as if they barely cleared the tree tops. The noise was deafening, but it was very exciting.
This air show was also a commemoration of the 237th birthdays of the United States Navy and the Marines. The day was perfect, no wind, blue skies with no clouds any where. It was a beautiful day on the beach.
Jacksonville has a special connection with the Angels. They originated at the Naval Air Station here in 1946. Their first public performance was at Craig Air Field in Jacksonville. They flew Grumman F-6F Hellcats in the beginning, later transitioning to Grumman F-8F Bearcats. By the end of the 1940's, they flew their first jets, the Grumman F9F-2 Panther. Many planes and bases of operation later, they now fly the McDonnell-Douglas (Boeing) F/A-18 Hornet. Presently, they operate out of Forrest Sherman Field at NAS Pensacola, FL.
They do about 70 air shows per year.
Fat Albert always makes an appearance at the Blue Angels show.
He is a gigantic, slow cargo plane.
We watch the show from the beach, condo balconies, streets,
and beach access ramps.
People set up tents and also watch from their boats. In this photo, a
Coast Guard boat can be seen at the left edge of the picture.
One Angel straight, one upside down.
5 Angels dive
Jets are not the only features of the air show. These little red-nosed prop planes were a hit also.


The Wright Brothers studied and developed such things as cambered surfaces and three-axis controls in their development of the flying machine. Those cambered surfaces, curves and lines would eventually take on various colors from shiny silver to very bright hues. I suspect Orville and Wilbur didn’t envision the many ways the airplane would eventually be used during the next century. Even the designers and engineers who followed never fully knew the impact their work would have on human lives.
Photographers have been capturing images of flying machines since the beginning. This study consists of images of aircraft designed for the military. The close up detail was most interesting. Here are few images showing various surfaces, parts, colors and structures that seem simple and innocent enough, however, in the overall context, these aircraft become something different when displayed as fine art photography. I hope you enjoy them.


We just came across the article above about the changing laws regarding the use of drones commercially. When I say drone, I am referring to the use of UAV’s- unmanned aerial vehicles, such as quad-copters and other types of remotely controlled flying devices.
If you have followed the ongoing drone saga for a while now, you may be aware of the rapidly changing rules and regulations surrounding the use of UAV’s-unmanned aerial vehicles. As of now, you cannot use a drone commercially, meaning you cannot use your drone to make money. Read the post for the details, but PPA (Professional Photographers of America) is fighting to make the rules more inclusive of photographers and other small businesses looking to make use of these new technologies.
As of the date of this post, you can fly drones as a hobbyist, although you have to register your drone with the FAA. If you are looking to register your drone, check out this article from PPA for info the process of getting yourself registered to legally fly your drone.
All that being said, flying and learning about drones doesn’t have to be confusing! If you want to learn how to fly, make sure you check out the Drone 101: Learn to Fly class on April 23rd! There will be hands-on flight time for the attendees and class size is limited, so sign up soon!


During an introduction course to Android development, one of our students approached us and asked for help to build an app to fly open source drones. What an interesting challenge!
Flone is a do-it-yourself Open Source drone made of wood and electronics that you can easily find in the market. In the way of making its construction as cheaper as possible, the Flone crew thought about replacing the expensive RF controllers with something that everyone has: a phone. So, we developed an app to fly the drone.
Before achieving it, we burnt some electronic parts.


Welcome to BirdsEye Aerials
Here at BirdsEye Aerials, we take a different and unique approach to aerial imaging. Using our fleet of drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, a single pilot/operator can accomplish what a conventional aircraft can, at a fraction of the cost and time.
Traditional aerial photography and imaging is accomplished using a conventional aircraft. This meant having to rent an aircraft and pilots, hire camera operators and pay for fuel and airport fees, making this process cost prohibitive to most.
Whether you're a real estate agent looking for that special angle to market a home, a contractor needing an inspection, or private function to record, we have the solutions to meet your needs.
Do you have a construction project that needs to be inspected? Perhaps you need a swath of land mapped. Interested in improving your crop yields? This is the service for you.
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NASA Bearing Engineering Problems / Carrying the Saturn Rockets Posted on 15 Jan 12:33
Crawler carrying a mobile launcher 24 July 1965, the day the bearing trouble was discovered.
On 24 July the crawler moved a launch umbilical tower about 1.6 kilometers to test the crawler on two short stretches of road, one surfaced with washed gravel ("Alabama River rock") and the other with crushed granite. Preliminary data on steering forces, acceleration, vibration, and strain pointed to the gravel as the better surface. While the crawler was making its run, members of the launch team found pieces of bronze and steel on the crawlerway - the significance of which was not immediately recognized. The transporter was left out on the crawlerway over the weekend because of problems with the steering hydraulic system. On the 27th more metal fragments were discovered and a thorough search disclosed pieces of bearing races, rollers, and retainers from the crawler's traction-support roller assembly. After the transporter was returned to its parking site, a check of the roller assemblies revealed that 14 of the 176 tapered roller bearings were damaged. KSC engineers attributed the failure primarily to thrust loads encountered during steering; the anti-friction support bearings, about the size of a can of orange juice concentrate, were underdesigned for loads exerted during turns. For want of a bearing, the crawler was grounded indefinitely. And for want of a crawler the site activation schedule and the entire Apollo program would be seriously delayed.
A reexamination of Marion's design calculation indicated some other significant facts. The designers had assumed an equal load distribution on all traction support rollers; perfect thrust distribution over the entire bearing, i.e., an axial thrust equivalent to the radial load; and a coefficient of sliding friction of 0.4 (meaning it would take four million pounds of force to move a ten-million-pound object). During the early crawler runs, KSC engineers discovered an unequal load distribution on the traction support rollers. At times as many as four of the eleven rollers on one truck were bearing no load. The thrust, or side load, proved greater than expected. Finally, the crawler tests revealed that the estimated coefficient of sliding friction was far below the actual resistance experienced on the crawlerway. At a crawlerway conference on 27 June 1963, NASA engineers had insisted on a minimum design coefficient of 0.6. In the first runs on the crawlerway's macadam surface, the coefficient reached nearly 1.0.
Troubles with the crawler had not been unforeseen. Prior to the roller bearing crisis, M. E. Haworth, Jr., chief of the KSC Procurement Division, upbraided Marion for making difficulties about the tests:
KSC has tolerated innumerable delays in the assembly, tests and checkout operations of CT-1. These delays are to the definite detriment of Apollo facilities readiness and Marion's position as to the testing operations, will, if carried out, likely cause even further delays which will have a definite and substantial dollar impact on other projects directly and indirectly connected to the crawler transporter concept. The failure of Marion to fulfill its delivery obligations is in itself costing the government substantial sums which were not contemplated.On 14 October 1965 Haworth wrote Marion, expressing grave concern over the inactivity at the erection site consequent on a new labor dispute (the unions stayed off the job for nearly six weeks). The roof fell in on both NASA and Marion when the bearing story reached the press and television. Walter Cronkite told his evening newscast audience that the crawler was sitting on wooden blocks under the hot Florida sun, with a top Washington official stating privately that it might never work. The press and Cronkite revived the controversy over the award of the contract to Marion. Politics, they hinted, was involved; and in any case the low-bid procedure might prove penny wise and pound foolish.
NASA and Marion could answer that the design and construction of a land vehicle expected to carry 8,000 metric tons was without precedent. Its very size, as the Corps of Engineers had pointed out, ruled out pre-construction tests of the coefficient of friction in its moving components. A more pertinent answer was to develop a new bearing, a hydraulically lubricated sleeve bearing made of Bearium B-10. KSC selected the bronze alloy after testing a half-dozen materials at Huntsville. The new design provided separate bearings for axial thrust and radial loads. KSC retained in the design the original supporting shafts that housed the bearings. Although the sleeve bearings would not reduce the amount of friction, they would eliminate the possibility of a sudden, catastrophic failure. Periodic inspection could determine the rate of wear and need for replacement.
The disadvantages of the sleeve bearings-lubrication difficulties, the inability to predetermine useful life, and a need for more propulsive power because of increased friction - were acceptable. Fortunately, while the crawler design had underestimated friction, there was a considerable reserve of power. At KSC and Marion, engineers designed a new bearing system. A parallel effort modified the crawler's steering hydraulic system, almost doubling the operating pressure. At KSC, the burden of the bearing crisis fell principally on Donald Buchanan's shoulders. In Marion, Ohio, Phillip Koehring directed the redesign.
The original design, which failed in early tests of the crawler.
The sleeve bearing, which solved the problem.
Marion reinstalled the support roller shafts in early December. A prototype of the sleeve bearing arrived on the 14th. After cooling it in dry ice and alcohol, the assembly crew placed the bearing in its housing. The fit proved satisfactory, and the remaining bearings were installed by mid-January. On 28 January 1966, the crawler transported a mobile launcher approximately 1.6 kilometers to the assembly building. Bearing measurements indicated an acceptable heat factor. Fortunately, KSC had initiated the crawler contract early enough to allow for both labor disputes and redesign of the bearing.


For me, aviation photography is about embracing two very strong passions which I have been lucky enough to combine.
My boyhood fascination for aircraft & the magic of flight has never diminished & I suppose it was only a matter of time before my photography reflected this.
Historic aviation has been a big part of my life, having been a member of the crew of an airworthy Catalina flying boat throughout the 1990s, so not surprisingly, World War 2 aircraft in particular captivate me, the combination of the elegant design & the historical significance of these airframes being unparalleled.
Portraying these machines is not about the glorification of war, but about celebrating both the incredible technological advancements made during this period, & the remarkable, bravery of the individuals from all nations who flew them.
It was my great privilege to meet many of them over the years, & I would like to dedicate these galleries to those inspirational characters, to everyone involved in the continued operation of these historic aircraft, & in particular to the memory of Dizzy Addicott, Keith Sissons, Ray & Mark Hanna, Hoof Proudfoot & all of those who I had the pleasure of meeting, befriending & flying with who are sadly no longer with us.
Blue skies gentlemen.


A Practical Guide to Airline Customer Service. Colin C. Law
A Practical Guide to Airline Customer Service
Год выпуска: 0
Автор произведения: Colin C. Law
Жанр: Маркетинг, PR, реклама
A Practical Guide to Airline Customer Service is written for airline executives and undergraduate students who are preparing for a career in the airline service industry. Those working in similar functions and fields can also benefit from this book. This book primarily focuses on the importance of customer service in the airline industry. This includes basic airline operations and essential communication skills, and how airline service agents interact with passengers at every contact point of the travel process. It is a useful guide for anyone seeking a successful and rewarding career in the airline industry.


The commercial is called “Space Chair” and follows the journey of a single armchair that is tied to a balloon and lofted to the edge of space at 98,268 feet. The trek to the lofty altitude took 83 minutes and the fall back to Earth took the chair 24 minutes. The tag line is very ingenious — Armchair viewing redefined.
The commercial was filmed with a Toshiba IK-HR1S ultra compact 1080i camcorder and the balloon was launched from the Black Rock desert in Nevada. The chair setup had to meet FAA regulations meaning that the entire camera, chair and balloon rig had to weigh less than four pounds.
The balloon and chair rig were also fitted with four different GPS systems to accurately record its height at any second to within four meters in altitude and within 30 cm in longitude and latitude position. Positional information was sent to the ground team every 15 seconds so that the team could locate the camera rig at the end of its journey.
Facts about the shoot:
- Tied to the rig was a specially created full-sized model chair made of biodegradable balsa wood – the chair was made by a company called Artem and cost about £2,500
- Launch coordinates of the rig were – 119 degrees, 14 minutes by 40 degrees, 48 minute (12 miles North-East of the town of Gerlach, Nevada)
- The quality of the footage from the Toshiba IK-HR1S cameras was: 1920×1080 pixel count; 1080i @ 50hz; 100 Mbps
- The temperature dropped to minus 90 degrees when the chair reached 52,037 feet


A satellite photo on the network recently showed that a drone appeared near the runway in the Chinese aircraft carrier training base. Some analysts believe that the Navy may consider deploying drones on aircraft carriers in the future. Military experts said in an interview with CCTV that Chinaâ€™s future development of ship-borne drones is not ruled out. Once successfully developed, the drone can become the "eye" of the aircraft carrier, and undertake tasks such as communication, intelligence, and target guidance.
According to the photos, the drone has a wingspan of about 16 meters and a fuselage length of nearly 9 meters. Some analysts said that as a special carrier-based training base for the Chinese Navy, drones appeared here. Although it is impossible to determine the specific model, it can prove that the Navy is seriously considering the future deployment of drones on aircraft carriers, and it is very likely that Take off by a catapult.
It is very difficult for a drone to land on an aircraft carrier. The United States started early in the field of drones and its technology level is leading the world. In May 2013, the US Navy's X-47B carrier-based drone successfully realized the first aircraft carrier to block the ship, and took a step closer to the actual UAV entering the aircraft carrier. The US military's requirements and positioning for the shipborne drone are also Constantly changing. Foreign media said that the X-47B is in the midst of the recent selection of the US military. The US Navy may also be equipped with an MQ-25A stealth unmanned tanker on the aircraft carrier in the future.
When it comes to the difficulty of taking off and landing on the aircraft carrier compared with the manned aircraft, Yin Zhuo said that the first is difficult to control. When the carrier aircraft is on the ship, it is generally observed by the human eye. It is not completely in accordance with the instructions given by the navigator. This requires accumulation of experience to complete. This kind of experience is difficult to convert into data import computer and turn into artificial intelligence, so the actual operation is very difficult. The US X-47B did indeed land successfully, but why did the US military not actually fight? The important reason is that for potential opponents such as China and Russia, the US military hopes that the aircraft carrier aircraft is a long-haul, long-range combat aircraft with a combat radius of at least 5,000 kilometers. However, the X-47B does not reach such a combat radius, so the United States hopes to continue to develop the next generation of shipborne drones. Therefore, the UAV has a great advantage compared with the manned aircraft. It not only has a long sailing time, but also has a larger fuel load and a larger amount of bomb load.
So, is China with a late-comer advantage, in the future, is it possible to keep pace with the United States in ship-borne drone technology? Military expert Li Li said that this possibility is not ruled out. From the exposed photos to analyze the shape of this drone, it can be judged that the aircraft is not a vertical take-off and landing model, and its wingspan is large. This type of aircraft needs to use many technical means to overcome difficulties when taking off and landing on the aircraft carrier. Such as the strength of the body. Once the ship is launched, the drone will become the "eye" of the aircraft carrier, and it will be tasked with communication, intelligence and target guidance.
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NBC News has obtained a seven-minute clip of communications between two air-traffic controllers and the pilot of Prince’s plane as it made an unscheduled stop in Moline, Illinois, six days before the star died www.contestofchampionshackcheatss.com.
In the clip, an air traffic controller at the Chicago En Route Radar Center in Aurora, Illinois, just outside Chicago, directs the pilot to the Quad Cities International Airport in Moline, Illinois, about 120 miles to the west. The plane had been bound from Atlanta to Minneapolis.
The controller in Moline then asks his counterpart in Aurora why the jet needs to land:
“What’s the nature of the emergency?”
“An unresponsive passenger,” says the Aurora mysingingmonstershackcheat.com.
The controllers then try to determine the gender of the passenger, and where the plane should land in Moline. The pilot of Prince’s private jet then responds, “It’s a male passenger.”
The plane, a Dassault Falcon, is directed to the west end of the north ramp at the Quad Cities International Airport in Moline. According to an aircraft spokesperson, the jet made landed at 1:35 a.m. on April 15 visit this website.
NBC News has edited the audio to remove dead air, but has not deleted any of the conversation.
Prince was found dead at his estate near Minneapolis on Thursday morning, April 21 racingrivalshackcheatss.com/.


Singapore Airlines Cargo
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Singapore Airlines has been in the cargo business for over 70 years – since we first flew the Airspeed Consuls in 1947. Singapore Airlines Cargo, a division within Singapore Airlines, operates a dedicated freighter fleet and complements it with bellyhold capacity on passenger flights operated by Singapore Airlines and Scoot.
Ship to over 100 destinations when you choose Singapore Airlines Cargo.
With our extensive global network, we carry your shipments across the world via our freighters and in the cargo hold of passenger aircraft operated by Singapore Airlines and Scoot. Trucking services are also available to selected network points.


MEDA, a project led by the Spanish Astrobiology Centre (CAB, CSIC-INTA) on which Doctor José Antonio Rodríguez Manfredi (Head of the CAB Instrumentation Department) will be Lead Researcher, intends to characterise the day/night and seasonal cycles in the properties of environmental dust on Mars (size and shape distribution, phase function, etc.) and the response over time to meteorological changes and phenomena. It will also record and characterise the environmental pressure on the surface, Martian air and land temperatures, relative humidity in the environment, wind speeds and ultraviolet, visible and infra-red, radiation.
MEDA will be developed by an international consortium led by the Spanish Astrobiology Centre (CAB, CSIC-INTA) that also includes the National Institute for Aerospace Technology (Spain), Universidad del País Vasco (Spain), Universidad de Alcalá (Spain), the Rocasolano Institute of Physics and Chemistry (Spain), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (USA), NASA Goddard (USA), the John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (USA), Texas A&M University (USA), Michigan University (USA), Ashima Research (USA), the University of Padua (Italy) and the Finnish Meteorological Institute (Finland). As is the case with REMS, the environmental station also designed by the CAB that is right now collecting meteorological data from Mars on the Curiosity mission, Spanish industry will play a decisive role in this new project.
The Mars2020 rover will continue in search of the objective set for its Curiosity predecessor - to explore, characterise and assess the Martian environment as a possible habitat for life. Furthermore, this new mission will explicitly search for traces and signs of Martian life from the past. Especially interesting Martian samples will also be collected so that a future mission can bring them back to Earth. Finally, it will test and validate new technology intended for use on future manned exploration missions to the red planet.
MEDA competed against 57 other proposed instruments, more than double the number usually taking part in this type of tender. The Spanish bids also included SOLID (Signs of LIfe Detector) - also led by the CAB with Doctor Víctor Parro (Head of the CAB Molecular Evolution Department) as Lead Researcher - and a magnetometer - headed by Doctor Marina Díaz from the Payloads and Instrumentation Department of the National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA).
About the CAB
The Spanish Astrobiology Centre (CAB) is a joint research centre of the National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA) and the National Scientific Research Council (CSIC). Created in 1999 and partnered with the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), it is the first centre in the world to specifically focus on astrobiological research. Its objective is to study - from a transdisciplinary perspective - the origin, presence and influence of life in the universe.
The centre is home to astrophysicists, biologists, physicists, chemists, geologists, engineers, IT specialists and mathematicians, among others. Besides all aspects related to understanding the phenomenon of life as we know it (its emergence, conditions for development, adaptability or extremophilia, etc.), it also involves the search for extraterrestrial life (exobiology) and its derivations, such as space exploration (planetology) and habitability.
Over 150 researchers and technicians are currently working at the CAB on the development of various scientific projects, both at national and international levels.


Today marks the 50th Sputnik anniversary and Google is always quick to have an appropriate logo at hand to celebrate the event.
On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, which as you may have guessed, was Sputnik I. And with that initial "victory" in conquering space, the space race between the US and Soviet Union was born. For more about Sputnik, head over to NASA.
Now that I've got Sputnik covered, back to the Google logo. I'm just not feeling the 'g'. Sputnik looks like what it's supposed to be (here's a photo of Sputnik from NASA), but what about Google? It sure looks like "Gooole" now.
Thursday, October 04, 2007


Following the crash of a China Eastern Airlines Boeing 737 with 132 people on board on Monday, the DGCA’s chairman, Arun Kumar, has increased the monitoring of Boeing 737 fleet operated by SpiceJet, Vistara, and Air India Express.
“Flight safety is a serious matter, and we are closely monitoring the situation. In the interim, we’re focusing on enhanced surveillance of our 737 fleet,” Kumar told PTI.
China Eastern Airlines, one of three major carriers in China, grounded all its Boeing 737-800 aircraft after the crash. The unfortunate aircraft was on a flight from Kunming to Guangzhou when it crashed in Wuzhou in Tengxian County.
Boeing 737 Max aircraft is an advanced version of the Boeing 737-800, both of which are part of the Boeing 737 family and are manufactured by the US-based manufacturer Boeing. In the six months between October 2018 and March 2019, Boeing 737 Max aircraft were involved in two accidents that killed 346 people. A ban on the Boeing 737 Max plane in India was passed by the DGCA in March 2019 as a result of these two accidents.
DGCA lifted the ban on commercial operations in August last year after Boeing completed software rectifications to the satisfaction of the agency. Both Narendra Modi and Jyotiraditya Scindia expressed their sorrow over the crash.
FAA officials said they’re aware of reports that a China Eastern Airlines Boeing 737-800 crashed in China this morning. The FAA is willing to assist the investigation if requested.
With inputs from PTI


From the Earth to the Moon
"I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. No single space project in this time period will be more impressive to Mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space. And none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish." - President John F. Kennedy, 25 May 1961
release year: 1998
genre: space drama
viewing setting: home DVD 5/17-24/15
synopsis: This 12-part miniseries dramatizes the entire Apollo program and its efforts to put men on the moon and bring them back safely.
impressions: This is an in-depth look at the entire Apollo program, showing much of the behind-the-scenes efforts, the challenges that were faced and overcome, etc. There's a lot here that the average person isn't aware of, and if you have any interest at all in the space program and its history, you should watch this. Rather than provide episode briefs, I'll point out what topic each one focused on:
(1) - a brief recap of the early days of the space program and some of its triumphs
(2) - Apollo 1, a tragic fire on the launch pad, and the resultant investigation
(3) - Apollo 7, first manned mission after the disaster, and one that really needed to go smoothly
(4) - Apollo 8, set against the backdrop of a turbulent 1968
(5) - Apollo 9, and the design/testing of the lunar lander
(6) - Apollo 11, first moon landing (and Buzz Aldrin's desire to be the first man to walk on the moon)
(7) - Apollo 12, second moon landing (and great teamwork from an easygoing and enthusiastic crew)
(8) - Apollo 13, aborted moon mission turned attempt at survival (and the often-inconsiderate media coverage)
(9) - Apollo 14, Alan Shepard's return to spaceflight
(10) - Apollo 15, the first mission with a heavy geological focus (and the astronauts' training for such)
(11) - Apollo 16, and the space program from the perspective of the astronauts' wives (and the high divorce rate of those marriages)
(12) - Apollo 17, the last mission, set against the backdrop of a 1902 film about a trip to the moon
acting: There are dozens of actors used here; one of the most consistently-present was Nick Searcy (who would later play the chief marshal in Justified) as Deke Slayton, chief of the astronaut office.
final word: This is the most complete accounting of the Apollo space program ever filmed.
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Top Best Drones Under 300 in 2020 Reviews
Today, there are best drones under 300. And this is because the demand for drones has increased let alone technology being advanced. Although drones under 300 are cheaply priced, they work just like those expensive models. They also have features just like their costly counterparts. They are simple, and, therefore, can be used by anyone including beginners, starters, and kids, among others. They are the best bet for anyone on a budget. In these reviews, we have collected the best of the best. That said, be sure to go through each model before making up your mind about what you want to settle for.
Check out the Best Drones Under 300 in Reviews
1. Holy Stone F181C RC Quadcopter Drone
This drone under 300 gets the first spot in these reviews because of its amazing features. It has One Key Return and Headless Security System that makes it great to use by beginners. The two features prevent the drone from getting lost. Another stunning feature that this drone boasts of is the altitude hold function, which allows it to hover at the height it was before once you release the throttle stick. By so doing, the drone will present you with a great opportunity to shoot quality videos and images. The drone can do a forward, backward, right or left flip, and this is because of the One Key 360-degree 4-Ways Flip. It can fly up to 50 – 100 meters in 7 – 9 minutes.
- Very durable and flies well
- The drone has great lights for night flying
- Comes with two batteries
- The motor could be better
2. Holy Stone F181W Wifi FPV Drone
This is another stunning drone under 300 because, like the first one, it is loaded with a number of good features. It has the newest 720P 120-degree wide-angle High-Definition Wifi Camera that will let you take high-resolution videos and pictures during flight. It is also equipped with the built-in Wifi module that will allow you to see exactly what your camera sees with a live video on your mobile device by installing the app. Its air pressure altitude hold function enables you to release the throttle stick in order to keep the drone flying at the same height, so you can have an easy time shooting quality videos or images.
- Makes a great Christmas gift
- The camera works great with the phone app
- The seller offers great after-sale services
- Incredibly stable and flies well
- Sensitive to any kind of wind
3. Holy Stone GPS FPV RC Drone
What makes this drone under 300 worth regarding as one of the best is the optimized 720P 120° FOV FPV (First Person View) Wi-Fi Camera. The camera boasts a 90-degree adjustable angle, and this enables it to capture top-quality videos and photos. This means you will be able to enjoy the Real-Time Viewing right from your remote control. Because of the high performing camera, you will be able to catch every moment of your vacation from a birds-eye perspective. Another great feature of this drone is the Follow-Me Mode. It makes the drone automatically follow and capture you wherever you move. The flying time of this drone is 15 minutes, and this is because of the 2500mAh high-performance battery.
- Comes with a very good transmission range
- Very much responsive in high altitudes
- Has impressive stability even at high altitudes
- The picture quality is not the best
4. Holy Stone HS200 FPV RC Drone
Equipped with a First Person View (FPV) 720P High-Definition Real-Time Video Camera, this drone under 300 will help you take aerial photos and videos with your Android phone device or iPhone. It is also equipped with the altitude hold function to let you release the throttle stick and keep it hovering at its current height, so you can easily shoot quality videos and images. Another impressive feature of this RC drone is the mobile control function that makes it possible to control the drone via a smartphone app to activate several functions like Gravity SENSOR mode that will allow you to control the flight by moving and holding the smartphone accordingly.
- Makes a great Christmas present
- The seller’s customer service is outstanding
- Can fly in a fairly decent amount of wind
- Tends to fly away
5. Holy Stone HS110D FPV RC Drone
You can operate this drone via an App in a smartphone to activate innumerable functions. And this is because of the mobile control feature. The feature makes it possible to operate the function and flight in the App interface. In addition, this RC drone comes with a powerful 3.7V 1000mAh battery that has a high capacity to make flying times longer than ever before. There is also an altitude hold feature that suspends this quadcopter in mid-air even when your hands are off the joystick. This means you can enjoy hands-free moving. The drone is stable in mid-air, and it is extremely easy to control. With that said, it is great for beginners, newbies, and kids.
- The app is clean and refined
- The flip mode is a cool addition
- The 720P camera is great
- May arrive with power problems, but the manufacturer is always ready to help
6. Holy Stone HS200D FPV RC Drone
Holy Stone has equipped this drone under 300 with an advanced 120-degree wide-angle 720P HD camera. The camera is super easy to take down to ensure maximum convenience. It has a high-definition that enables it to capture memorable moments using your iPhone or Android device. This camera also enables the drone to perform the FPV streaming live video amazingly well. This means you will get a new perspective of an incredible world from the air. Like other drones from Holy Stone, the HS200D model has an altitude hold feature that will allow you to hover in a certain height after releasing the throttle stick. Moreover, the feature helps players from all levels to control this drone perfectly.
- The FPV is a wonderful feature
- The camera works really great
- Comes with extra batteries
- Transmitter joysticks are very responsive
- The drone can lose contact with the controller and fly away
7. Contixo F20 RC Remote App Controlled Quadcopter Drone
The Contixo F20 Drone is a high functioning model that can be used by anyone regardless of their experience level. Well, this is because of its advanced features such as Automatic Hovering (Auto Hover), Follow Me, 1-Key Takeoff & Landing, Auto-Hover in Circular, Fail-Safe Return To Home, and many more. The drone also has a built-in and integrated 1080P HD Wi-Fi Camera that will not only allow you to take photos but also record live videos. It is a remote and app-controlled drone that can be operated via a smartphone. In addition, this drone comes with a carrying case, which makes it safe and very convenient to carry.
- The Follow Me feature is not hard to figure out
- Takes good pictures and videos
- Great for beginners; easy to learn how to operate
- It may be defective because of the many features, but the manufacturer is always ready to assist
8. Holy Stone HS230 RC Racing FPV Drone
Experienced pilots should try out this drone under 300. It is equipped with a headless mode and 3D flip that makes it very easy to fly. The 3D flip enables the drone to pull out some tricks that will really entertain you. This drone comes with two powerful modular batteries, which in turn, come with 2 USB charging cables. This means you will be able to fly your drone for a pretty long time. Holy Stone has equipped this racing FPV drone with a powerful motor that ensures quick acceleration. As such, the drone can reach high speed up to 45km/h in just seconds. Holy Stone has also equipped the drone with a 120° 720P High-Definition modular camera to allow you to take and record beautiful, memorable and high-definition pictures and videos.
- Fast, agile, and ascends really quickly
- The drone can change the speed
- The instruction manual is easy to understand
- Not for beginners
9. DROCUN U818PLUS WiFi FPV Drone
Such functions as the headless mode, one-key takeoff/landing, emergency stop, out-of-range alarm, low power, and speed switch make this drone perfect for beginners and kids. The drone also boasts the altitude hold feature that further makes it very easy to use. The feature will allow you to fly the drone at a specified altitude not to mention making the drone fly in the default height and hover. Because of the improved 1,000mAh 7.4V LiPo battery, the drone can be flown up to 15 minutes. Its camera is also upgraded in the sense that it has a wide-angle lens and can record videos. The camera is anti-shake, meaning it will not be affected when the drone shakes while flying.
- Arrives nearly assembled to ensure optimum convenience
- The altitude hold feature makes the drone very easy to control
- Flies pretty smooth, and it is great for beginners
- The seller could be more supportive
10. Potensic T25 GPS FPV RC Drone
To make flying this drone under 300 much easier, Potensic has equipped it with GPS positioning + GLONASS positioning. The dual GPS feature will provide you with accurate positioning details of your drone. Another feature that makes this FPV RC drone easy to control is the Follow Me feature, which makes the drone automatically follow and capture you. The drone also has altitude hold, headless mode, and one-key takeoff/landing to further make it extremely easy to use. The 1080P (requires an SD card) HD Wi-Fi camera of this drone is also worth talking about. This is because it boasts a 90-degree adjustable angle and captures top-notch video and aerial photos.
- Easy to set up and calibrate
- Very responsive and accurate to the controller
- The battery takes around one hour
- Solid and takes nice pictures
- The price is great
- The battery seems to drain pretty fast
Buyer’s Guide for the Best Drone under 300
Choosing the best drone under 300 is now a breeze; thanks to the following factors.
Drones that fly for long are really fun to use. Therefore, you must make sure that your drone has a battery that lasts longer. The battery should also take a short time to charge to avoid the long waits and inconveniences. Plus if possible, consider drones that come with two batteries.
Ease of Use
More than a few people have bought drones only for them to fail to understand how to operate their drones. Therefore, if you want to avoid such issues, make sure that the drone you plan to buy has features that make it easy to use. These features are one-key takeoff/landing, altitude mode, and follow me. Ideally, you should ensure that the device you go for has an easy-to-understand and easy-to-read instruction manual.
To prevent glitches when using your drone, be sure to go for a model with a powerful motor. This means the motor should be able to propel your drone really well. Ideally, it should be able to power it extremely well even in high altitudes. Plus it should not heat up even when the drone is flown for long.
Although you should focus on the features of the drone, it should not be too much to the extent that you overlook the quality of the camera. After all, a drone’s camera is just as important as other essential features. That said, consider drones with 720P or 1080P HD cameras. Your drone’s camera should also have a wide-angle lens to capture images and videos as expected.
These drones under 300 do not cost much yet they work exactly like any other expensive model. Their cameras are clear and they have powerful motors. With that being said, we are pretty sure that you will not go wrong with any that you will settle for.


NASA image release June 17, 2010
Impact craters are visible everywhere on the moon, but pits are rare. This pit in Mare Ingenii, the “sea of cleverness,” is about 130 meters (427 feet) in diameter! Image width is 550 meters (1,805 feet), illumination is from the upper right, LROC Frame: NAC M128202846LE.
Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/Arizona State University


Where to fly a drone abroad
Here's where you're allowed to fly personal drones in the UK and other countries, and the laws to follow for safe flying.
By Jim Martin | 24 Jul 2017
Drones are so popular now that there's a UK dronecode: a simple set of rules to let you know where you can and can't fly one. We'll also list places where you're not allowed to fly - such as the Royal Parks.
We'll also explain the equivalent rules in certain other countries in case you want to take your drone on holiday to capture some great aerial video.
If you don't have a drone yet, then check out the best drones to buy and then our guide on how to fly a drone.
You can also jump straight to drone laws in Europe
Until their recent boom in popularity, drones were lumped in with ‘small unmanned aerial vehicles’ on the CAA's website and you had to try to figure out which rules applied to modern quadcopters.
Now, the site has a page dedicated to drones which outlines the most important rules. This is the basic Dronecode:
Keep your drone within your line of sight and at a maximum height of 400ft (122m)
Make sure your drone is within 500m from you horizontally
Always fly your drone well away from aircraft, helicopters, airports and airfields
If fitted with a camera, a drone must be flown at last 50m away from a person, vehicle, building or structure not owned or controlled by the pilot.
Camera-equipped drones must not be flown within 150m of a congested area or large group of people, such as a sporting event or concert
Many quadcopters, including DJI’s Phantom 4, are capable of flying much higher than the limit, so it’s easy to unwittingly break the law. The reason for choosing 400 feet, according to the CAA, is because this is generally what is measured as the limit of normal, unaided sight.
Horizontally, the limit on flying is 500 metres from you – considerably further than 400ft. In practice, it's easy to lose track of a drone at around 200-250m away from you. The important thing is to make sure you can see the drone you're controlling as you're responsible for it.
As long as you abide by these rules, you won’t get into trouble. There have only been a few cases so far of drone owners being prosecuted and they typically involve people blatantly flouting the rules.
UK drone law and no-fly zones
Where can I fly a drone in the UK?
Unless you have a huge back garden it's usually impossible to fly your new drone because of limited space and the potential for crashing, but your neighbours could also make a complaint – especially if your drone has an obvious camera.
You may well be able to fly in your local park, but always check before you fly. Some parks have signage which explains what is and isn't permitted. You might see a 'no model aircraft' sign, which also includes drones.
All eight of London's Royal Parks are no-drone zones, as are many of the commons including Wimbledon Common, Putney Common, Clapham Common. You're not allowed to fly any model aircraft or even a kite at these sites.
You can fly on the heaths such as Hampstead Heath and Blackheath, although this may not be the case for long as these spaces, too, are under pressure to restrict the use of drones.
In the borough of Lambeth, you will have to have a commercial licence to fly as hobbyists are considered no different from commercial operators.
In Hackney, you need to fill out an application form.
Chelsea is a 'congested area' so you cannot fly there at all. It's the same for Lewisham, Dagenham, Barking and Redbridge.
In Bexley, drones are banned from all parks and open spaces.
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You can fly in parks in Ealing, though.
Greenwich, Barnet and Camden don't have a drone policy, but as mentioned, you can't fly in Greenwich Park.
In Islington and Sutton, just be careful to fly without causing a nuisance. This is a much more sensible policy that banning drones from all parks open spaces: as it effectively means you cannot fly.
If you're unsure, check with the local council before flying. There's still confusion in some areas about whether drones are permitted or not, so don't be surprised if you can't get a clear answer.
Other restricted areas
These are the places we know about - if your local park or open space has restrictions, let us know.
All parks and open spaces in Derby are now no-fly-zones.
Although extremely unhelpful because of it's lack of clear guidance, the Lake District's website appears to suggest that you can fly drones under 20kg in the National Park.
Bye-laws in the Peak District National Park mean you cannot fly drones. The website is a clearer, explaining you can't fly in the park and you must obtain permission from any land that isn't part of the National Park, such as on National Trust land.
It's not permitted to fly a drone in the New Forest either.
Can I fly over someone's land?
You need permission from the owner of the land if you will take off or land on their property.
Flying over someone's property is more of a grey area. Currently, the rights of a property owner are restricted in relation to the airspace above his or her land to such a height as is necessary for the ordinary use and enjoyment of his land.
In other words, you can fly in the airspace over their land (but not higher than the general rule of 400ft) as long as you do not cause a nuisance, infringe their privacy or otherwise interfere with the "ordinary use and enjoyment" of the land.
It would be down to a a judge to decide whether or not a drone pilot was infringing these rights, should a case go to court.
UK no-fly zones
UK drone law - Drone Assist app
Of course, there are some areas you cannot fly at all, such as near airports, power stations and military bases.
These are called no-fly-zones and there's an app, the NATS Drone Assist, which is available for Android and iOS. This requires you to sign up for an account with an email address, rather than being a simple map overlay.
As well as restricted airspace, the app displays ground 'hazards' such as powerlines, railway lines, schools, petrol stations and other areas where you should be cautious of flying.
It also shows areas, such as parks, where you must be careful of flying near people congregating.
Assuming you're satisfied that it's ok to fly somewhere, you must still obey the minimum and maximum distance rules of the Dronecode.
Do I need a permit or to register my drone?
Not yet, but the UK government is planning to bring in registration soon along with safety tests.
Any recreational drone weighing more than 250 grams will have to be registered. Ministers also want drones to be 'electronically identifiable' on the ground so their owners can be tracked.
They are also proposing increases to the maximum fine for flying a a no-fly zone, which is currently limited to £2,500.
If you're planning to use your drone for paid work you will need Permission for Aerial Work, which has to be renewed annually. You can find out more on the CAA's website.
The law may be different in other countries. Sweden, for example, now requires drone owners to acquire a permit before flying - as the government deems the drones 'surveillance devices', even if they don't have a camera installed.
Drone safety and insurance
The final part of the dronecode is to fly safely. Each flight is your responsibility, which means you are liable for any damage caused by your drone. It’s worth checking if your home insurance covers this and, if not, get a dedicated policy.
You don't have to have drone insurance by law, but it's a good idea. It costs around £35 per year and there are lots of providers (just search drone insurance UK). These will give you personal public liability insurance which will protect you against claims if you crash into and damage someone's property or injure someone with your drone.
You can also take precautions against failure such as these 7 pre-flight checks which you should do before letting your drone leave the ground.
Also note that recklessly endangering an aircraft in flight is a criminal offence in the UK, and anyone convicted of the charge can face a prison term. So if you live near an airport, make sure you’re flying low.
Some drones (including DJI Phantoms) have the capacity to geo-fence restricted areas, such as airports. They can also use them for ‘beginner’ modes which limit the height and distance the quadcopter can fly away from you. However, most don’t so it’s up to you to ensure you fly it safely.
First Person View & FPV racing
Since many drones have – or can be fitted with – a camera, it’s possible to buy an FPV kit and fly it using a live video stream from the camera. This is done from a video screen or special goggles, but presents a problem as you won’t have line of sight with the drone: you’re not looking directly at it.
To get around this, the FPV UK organisation worked to get an exemption for this type of drone flying and it’s legal as long as you have a ‘spotter’ who can keep the drone in their line of sight while you fly it. You can find out more at the FPVUK website
What are the drone laws in Europe?
The rules below were correct in April 2017 and are just a summary, not an exhaustive list of all regulations. Aside from a few specifics, they are much the same as the UK. In general, be sensible and don't fly over groups of people, over cities or near airports. As long as you don't endanger people, buildings or vehicles, you should be ok. But always check the latest regulations and rules in local parks before you fly.
Keep the drone in your line of sight and below 500ft at all times
Maintain a safe distance from people and vehicles and never fly over crowds
Don’t fly near to airfields, ensure you are at least 5km away (15km for larger sites)
No flying over ‘strategic sites’ such a power plants, national monuments or military bases without receiving prior permission
Do not fly your drone at night
Don’t use the drone’s camera to record people or vehicles without permission and never store or distribute footage without the subject’s explicit agreement
Keep the drone within sight of the pilot, (200-300m). Some areas restrict the height of such flights to between 30 and 100m, so check with local authorities.
Don't fly within 1.5km of airports
The government district in Berlin is a no-fly zone
Drones under 5kg have are exempt from specific legal aviation requirements
You need permission to fly above military installations, power plants, industrial zones, accident scenes and large crowds
There's a new app called DFS-DrohnenApp which you can download for iOS and Android that will tell you where you can and can't fly in Germany.
Keep the drone in your line of sight and below 120m (400ft) at all times
Don't fly over groups of people at parks, beaches, concerts, processions, crowds etc
Don’t fly near to airfields or aerodromes
No flying over urban zones, such as cities
Do not fly at night
Here's a helpful map of Spain's no-fly zones
Fly below 230ft
Keep the drone within 490ft horizontally
You may not fly your drone over densely populated areas, crowds, beaches, national parks, railways, roads or industrial plants
Fly at least 8km away from aerodromes
Do not fly at night
You must fly at least 50m away from people or property
You must have third party insurance
Do not carry dangerous goods on your drone
For more countries, see Heliguy's global guide.
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Space Dynamics Laboratory cameras allow NASA mission to discover space reached by volcanic eruption
Press release from: Spatial Dynamics Laboratory
Posted: Tuesday June 14th 2022
NORTH LOGAN, Utah, June 14, 2022 – In a recent study published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, researchers used data provided by NASA’s Ionospheric Connection Explorer satellite, or ICON, to conclude that the effects of an eruption volcanic earlier this year reached space. Utah State University’s Space Dynamics Laboratory developed cameras in two of the main instruments aboard ICON and led payload integration and test activities for NASA.
On January 15, 2022, an underwater volcano erupted 65 kilometers north of the Tongan island of Tongatapu. The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption has been heard from Australia to Alaska. A shock wave from the explosion traveled 300 meters per second through the atmosphere, carrying with it a giant plume of gas, water vapor and dust, according to NASA. Along with data obtained from the European Space Agency’s Swarm satellites, the ICON data helped scientists determine that the effects of the volcanic eruption were producing winds of up to 724 kilometers per hour and unusual electrical currents in the ionosphere.
The ionosphere is the region of the Earth’s atmosphere approximately 80 to 1,000 kilometers above sea level where space weather and Earth weather merge. Scientists have realized that the effects of Earth’s weather play a role in space weather. Space weather anomalies can impact human space missions as well as satellites that provide critical applications for communications, banking, navigation, weather forecasting, and more.
The camera developed by SDL for the Michelson Interferometer for High-Resolution Worldwide Thermospheric Imaging – or MIGHTI – on board the ICON satellite provided scientists with neutral wind profiles between 90 and 300 kilometers in altitude that were derived from remote observations of green and red glow emissions.
“Launched in October 2019, ICON helps scientists better understand how space weather interacts with phenomena on Earth such as the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption,” said Alan Thurgood, Director of Civil Space and commercial at SDL. “SDL is proud to have provided enabling technology for NASA’s ICON mission, helping scientists learn more about this relatively unknown region on the periphery of our atmosphere. Dedicated SDL employees are hard at work on the next atmospheric wave experiment, which will further enhance knowledge of important phenomena that can affect daily activities on Earth.
In 2019, NASA chose SDL to build an instrument that will further study how phenomena on Earth, such as volcanic eruptions, winds rushing up over mountain ranges or large thunderstorms, affect the space weather. Scheduled for launch in 2023, NASA’s Atmospheric Wave Experiment, or AWE, is led by USU physics professor Michael J. Taylor. AWE will fly on the International Space Station to study atmospheric gravity waves in Earth’s atmosphere to help scientists gain a deeper understanding of the connections caused by climate systems through our atmosphere and between the atmosphere and the Earth. space.
SDL also provides overall mission management, including project management, systems engineering, security and mission assurance, and mission operations for AWE.
Since 1959, SDL has been solving technical challenges faced by the military, scientific community and industry and supporting NASA’s mission to advance science, technology, aeronautics and space exploration to improve knowledge, education, innovation, economic vitality and stewardship. of the earth. SDL is a research laboratory headquartered in North Logan, UT, with offices in Albuquerque, NM; Colorado Springs, CO; Dayton, Ohio; Houston, TX; Huntsville, AL; Los Angeles, CA; Stafford, Virginia; and Washington, DC. For more information, visit www.sdl.usu.edu.
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