It's about the O3b Network -- a next generation satellite constellation that provides fiber quality Internet connectivity.
It was specifically created to service emerging and insufficiently connected markets in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific, with a collective population of over 3 billion people (hence the name O3b).
Cuba is well within its service coverage.
The only obstacle for this low-cost, fiber-speed satellite network to provide quick and easy connectivity to the Cuban people is the Castro regime.
However, it's not the only option available (without empowering Castro's domestic telecom monopoly, ETECSA).
Over the summer, Dr. Larry Press, a California State University Professor, who has long studied global diffusion of the Internet and has closely followed Cuba, posted various other satellite ("extra-terrestrial") options.
(Note: None of these are prohibited by U.S. sanctions law.)
Below is his post.
One thing is for sure, the worst thing the U.S. could do is allow telecom companies like AT&T to invest in Castro's monopoly, ETECSA. Similar foreign investments in the past have only proven to help the Cuban dictatorship.
Monopolies are bad in open, democratic societies; they are even worse in closed, totalitarian ones.
From Dr. Larry Press' CIS 471:
During the last couple decades, NGOs, governments and entrepreneurs have worked with four extra-terrestrial connectivity technologies:
1. High Altitude Platform
2. Low Earth Orbit Satellite
3. Medium Earth Orbit Satellite
4. Geostationary Satellite
Let's look at Google's projects in this context.
High altitude platforms (HAPs) are blimps, drones or balloons that hover or circulate in the stratosphere. They have cloudless access to solar energy and being above the weather helps with control, but their signals must travel through rain and clouds. They are the lowest flying technology, so packet latency is relatively small, but so is their "footprint" -- the area their signal covers on the ground.
The most visible HAP Internet effort has been that of Sanswire, which has run well-publicized tests for over a decade. Sanswire has gone through bankruptcy, announced projects in Latin America that never materialized and faced complaints by suppliers and employees, but they are still working on Internet connectivity.
Google has two HAP projects, Project Loon, using balloons and a drone project using technology from recently purchased Titan Aerospace. There have been reports of Google blimp trials, but I've not seen any details on those.
Most satellites -- like the Space Station and sensing satellites -- are in low Earth orbit (LEO). LEO satellites move relative to the ground, which means that either communication windows are intermittent or many satellites -- a "constellation" -- are needed to cover the planet.
The first LEO Internet project I know of was used for intermittent connectivity in Africa during the early 1990s. Shortly thereafter, a number of entrepreneurial LEO projects were announced. The most ambitious was Teledesic, which proposed Internet connectivity for the entire planet using a constellation of 288 satellites orbiting at 700 kilometers. Teledesic had high-profile backers like Bill Gates, Paul Allen and a Saudi prince, but the technology of the day was not up to the task and the company failed.
Today, the best-known LEO communication system is Iridium's satellite phone service, consisting of 66 LEO satellites. (Iridium was conceived by Motorola as an Internet project, but was scaled back to telephony, went bankrupt and reemerged as a phone service).
This week, Google acquired Skybox Imaging, a company that has put a LEO satellite in a 600 kilometer orbit. The company was formed for data gathering, for example for providing real time video and images of traffic on roads, the sea and in the air, environmental monitoring, or map and earth imaging.
This sort of imagery has both economic and military value, so it will provide Google both revenue and expertise in the short run. Might they be planning to parlay that into a constellation of Skybox communication satellites -- Teledesic II with modern technology -- in the long run?
Medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites are used for communication and navigation. Google recently announced a project with O3b Networks (other three billion). O3b currently has four satellites in 8,000 kilometer equatorial orbits and they plan to launch four more this year. They say those eight satellites will enable them to offer continuous service to all parts of the Earth within 45 degrees of the Equator.
The project with Google is headed by two O3b executives and they speak of spending billions dollars and putting at least 180 satellites in orbit. When they speak of 180 satellites, one wonders whether they are considering a LEO constellation.
Today's commercial satellite Internet connectivity is provided by geostationary satellites, which are positioned above the equator and remain stationary with respect to the surface of the earth since they orbit exactly once per day. Their orbit altitude enables multi-country footprints, but latency and launch costs are high.
Geostationary satellites have been used in rural areas and developing nations since the early days of the Internet, and the industry has remained viable as a result of technical progress in launch technology (public and private), antennas, solar power, radios and other electronics, as well as tuning of TCP/IP protocols to account for the 1/4 second latency due to the orbital altitude. (I've had surprisingly natural voice over IP conversations with people on geostationary satellite connections).
Have those technologies progressed to the point where HAPs and lower orbit satellites are now viable as well?
Google, along with Facebook, is a founding partner of Internet.org, which seeks "affordable internet access for the two thirds of the world not yet connected." Since the beginning years of the Internet, NGOs, government agencies and entrepreneurs has been working on the Grand Challenge of connecting developing nations. They have not succeeded, but Google, with improved technology, deep pockets, a long-range viewpoint and economic motivation (ads) may be able to pull it off.


zum Personenregister ←oOOOo→ google-Bilderschau
Robert Thelen *1884 †23.02.1968, Flugpionier, Fluglehrer,
Ingenieur, bis 1919 Chefkonstrukteur und Technischen Direktor
der Albatros-Flugzeugwerke GmbH in Berlin-Johannisthal.
Bilder-Übersicht ←oOOOo→ zur Eingangsseite
In 1914 Orville Wright described Robert Thelen as „the best pilot they have here” (meant is JOHANNISTHAL).
„New Altitude Record”, Knoxville Journal and Tribune, Knoxville, Tennessee: March 21, 1914, „Johannisthal, March 20. - The altitude record of 12,303 feet for a flight with three passengers was established today from the aerodrome here by Robert Thelen, the German aviator.”
„Engineer Thelen, with Frau Direktor Worner as passenger,
on his Wright Biplane during the Berlin Aviation Week this month.”
Legend from Flight Magazine, 29 October 1910, page 892.
While he was flying with her, the propeller broke, but he was only 6 meters above the field when it happened, so the crash wasn't that serious.The lady suffered a broken foot, but he wasn't injured.
Robert Thelen soloed in 1909 and by 1910 he had joined the WRIGHT GmbH company in Berlin. 1912 he started with the Albatros Werke in Berlin as director. During WWI he was chief designer and so on ...
© W. Hartwig 2010 - [Stand: 23.01.2012]


THIS EVENT IS NOW CLOSED FOR REGISTRATION.
The US Navy Blue Angels flight team will be performing at the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort on April 23. New pilots, new planes and new formations promise to make this the best event yet for the Navy. In addition there will be opportunities to get on board one of the Blue angel planes, see some fascinating flying from other pilots in their acrobatic aircraft. The flight line will also be open to explore a variety of exhibits.
A fuller description is available on the website at: beaufortairshow.com.
We plan to have a van pick us up at 12:00 on Sunday and return about 5:00. Admission to the show is free and the van should cost us about $30.00 depending on the number attending.
Be sure to register soon, so we can finalize plans.
Sea Pines Men's Club is a 501(c)6 non-profit organization. South Carolina , P.O. Box 3017, Hilton Head Island, SC 29928


Moonfall 2022 DVDrip.720p download full movie torrent
|Seeds 35 Peers 35
In Moonfall, a mysterious force strikes the moon from its orbit around the earth and sends it to insult it on the path of collision with life as we know it. Just weeks before the collision and the world on the verge of extinction, NASA chief and former astronaut Joe Fowler is convinced he has the key to saving us all – but only one astronaut from his past, Brian Harper and conspiracy theorist Hausman, believes him. . These fantastic characters complete the impossible last mission in space, leaving behind everything they love, only to understand that the moon is not what we think.
https://www.mhvvietnam.com/blog/diego-maradona-2019-dvdrip-720p-download-full-movie-torrent.html Centropolis Entertainment
A mysterious force struck the moon from its orbit around the earth and sent it wounded on the way of the collision to life as we know it..


We compare three different instruments used to collect snow depth, i.e., photogrammetric surveys using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), a 3D laser scanning, and manual probing. The relatively high density of manual data (135 pt over 6700 m2
, i.e., 2 pt/100 m2
) enables to assess the performance of UAS in capturing the marked spatial variability of snow. Results suggest that UAS represent a competitive choice among existing techniques for high-precision, high-resolution remote sensing of snow.


- Kleos Space (KSS) prepares to launch its fourth satellite cluster, the Observer Mission (KSF3), after successfully completing environmental testing phases
- Satellites have successfully completed all SAIT activities followed by system-level electrical and mechanical functionality testing
- Kleos confirms that the satellites will be deployed into sun-synchronous orbit from the Space Force Station in Cape Canaveral, Florida, on SpaceX’s Transporter-6 mission, which is scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2022.
- Meanwhile, the company won a first-stage contract from the National Intelligence Service as part of a broad announcement by the agency’s Strategic Commercial Enhancements.
- Shares in Kleos ended the day up 7.14 percent to close at 30 cents
Kleos Space (KSS) is preparing to launch its fourth satellite cluster, the Observer Mission (KSF3), following the successful completion of environmental testing phases.
The satellites have successfully completed the assembly and integration of the system
testing (SAIT), followed by system-level electrical and mechanical functionality testing, including environmental testing.
According to the company, each system was subjected to vibration, thermal and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests that ensure the functionality of the cluster after launch for the duration of the mission.
Cleos confirmed that the satellites will be deployed into a sun-synchronous orbit from the Space Force Station in Cape Canaveral, Florida, as part of SpaceX’s Transporter-6 mission, scheduled for Q4 2022.
In addition, it will increase Kleos’ data collection capacity by another 119 million square kilometers per day.
Meanwhile, the company was awarded a first-stage contract by the National Intelligence Office (NRO) under the Strategic Commercial Enhancements Broad Agency Announcement (SCE BAA) program.
The contract was awarded based on the analysis, modeling and simulation of Kleos’ capabilities to support the US Government’s current and future commercial radio frequency (RF) intelligence needs.
Although the company confirmed that the financial value of the first phase contract is insignificant, it believes that it will significantly affect the potential of Kleos in the future to supply the US government market.
“We are very proud to have won this contract with NRO and begin our planned path to growth with the Earth observation radio frequency data that the company has used for imagery for years,” said Chief Revenue Officer Eric von Eckartsberg.
“This research project represents a significant opportunity to help NROs evaluate the operational utility and decision-making of commercial RF GEOINT and understand how our unique dataset can be leveraged and integrated with NRO operational capabilities.”
Kleos shares ended the day up 7.14 percent to close at 30 cents.


In an ambitious feat of passion and expertise, Parnall Aircraft Company is restoring one of its two Spitfires – the BL688 - to flying standard. The aircraft is already registered with the Civil Aviation Authority under the name G-CJWO and carries the military serial number BL688. The plane was operational during the Second World War, including in the infamous D Day operations.
Our experienced engineering team are methodically restoring the BL688 to flying condition with support from leading organisations in this field, including Prop shop Ltd. trading as the Aircraft Restoration Company, Historic Flying Ltd. at Duxford and Airframe Assemblies on the Isle of Wight. Alongside this, we are building a non-flying (static) example, the St Ives BL709. Both fuselages are being constructed in jigs in the main workshop with the wings for the static assembled in another building at Trelonk. On both flying and static models, we aim for the highest standard of integrity in our reconstructions.
A Spitfire takes approximately 25,000 skilled man hours to construct with suitably experienced staff meeting the criteria of the Civil Aviation Authority. The wings alone will require around 14,000 manhours per pair. Original designs, plans and drawings can be faded, damaged or otherwise hard to read. As with all things aviation, there is a process to be followed and the instruction books do not always exist. Pictures: our skilled engineers working on BL709
The flying BL688 will be able represent the ethos and expertise of the Parnall Aircraft Company at local events in Cornwall and further afield. The BL709 , however, destined for a location that reflects its history in St Ives, will remain static, with a visibly accurate although non-functional engine.
submit your enquiry
Purchasing an Airworthy Spitfire
If you would like to know more about purchasing an airworthy Spitfire like the BL688, please fill in the form below with your enquiry and we will be in touch to help you make your flying dreams a reality.


We are looking for applicants in Artificial Intelligence, Computer Vision, Edge Computing, Digital Twins, Human Computer Interaction, User Modelling, Robotics or Resilient Computing with potentials/achievements in informing space applications.
The post hoder will enjoy 1) a permanent (equivalent to US tenured) position at a top 100 university, 2) significantly reduced teaching, 3) a fully-funded PhD, 4) travel budget, 5) chance for a 2-year fully-funded Post-Doc.
Impact Factor: 8.5† Top 25% Journal in Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence#
Existing studies on formation control for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have not considered encircling targets where an optimum coverage of the target is required at all times. Such coverage plays a critical role in many real-world applications such as tracking hostile UAVs. This paper proposes a new path planning approach called the Flux Guided (FG) method, which generates collision-free trajectories for multiple UAVs while maximising the coverage of target(s). Our method enables UAVs to track directly toward a target whilst maintaining maximum coverage. Furthermore, multiple scattered targets can be tracked by scaling the formation during flight. FG is highly scalable since it only requires communication between sub-set of UAVs on the open boundary of the formation's surface. Experimental results further validate that FG generates UAV trajectories $1.5X shorter than previous work and that trajectory planning for 9 leader/follower UAVs to surround a target in two different scenarios only requires 0.52 seconds and 0.88 seconds, respectively. The resulting trajectories are suitable for robotic controls after time-optimal parameterisation; we demonstrate this using a 3d dynamic particle system that tracks the desired trajectories using a PID controller.
TY - JOUR
John Hartley, Hubert P. H. Shum, Edmond S. L. Ho, He Wang and Subramanian Ramamoorthy, "Formation Control for UAVs Using a Flux Guided Approach," Expert Systems with Applications, pp. 117665, Elsevier, 2022.
Last updated on 17 February 2024


The Marin County Sheriff’s Office says a distress beacon for a small plane was activated at 12:11 p.m.
Authorities responded to the scene but were unable to locate the aircraft due to fog and drizzle in the area obstructing their view. Crews continued to search and eventually found the crash site on a “backcountry ridge” north of Conzelman Road, away from roads and trails.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said the plane was a single-engine Vans RV-10 and crashed around noon.
RELATED: 75 Years Later, Here’s What We Know About a Mysterious Cold War Plane Crash at Marin Co.
The two people on board were pronounced dead at the scene. According to the Marin County Sheriff’s Office, they have been positively identified, but their identities will not be released at this time pending notification of next of kin.
At the time of the accident, there was heavy fog in the area, however, it has not been determined whether this was a factor in the accident.
The FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) announced that they would investigate under the direction of the NTSB.
Late Friday night, the Golden Gate National Park Service tweeted that to help with the aircract Conzelman Road and McCullough Roads (Marin Headlands GG Bridge overlooks) will remain closed all day Saturday to vehicles and bicycles.
Update – Aircraft is identified as a 2017 Vans Aircraft RV10. For public safety and to facilitate aircraft removal, Conzelman Road and McCullough Roads (Marin Headlands GG Bridge overlooks) will remain CLOSED SAT, 5/7, all day to vehicles AND bicycles
— Golden Gate NPS – Alerts (@GGNRANPSAlerts) May 7, 2022
If you’re on the ABC7 News app, click here to watch live
Copyright © 2022 KGO-TV. All rights reserved.


The History of Aircraft Engines
- Non-powered balloons had been around since the late nineteenth century. On September 24, 1852, a French engineer made the world's first-ever first powered flight. He flew 27 km (17 miles) in a steam-powered airship.
- In December 1902, Orville and Wilbur Wright started looking for an engine to power their experimental gliders. Weight was a critical concern. Local manufacturers couldn't provide what they were looking for, so they and their mechanic, Charlie Taylor, were forced to build their own. This engine powered their first flight on December 17, 1903.
Radials and Rotaries
- In the years following the Wrights' successful demonstration, new forms of engines were tried. These included the radial and the rotary engines.
- The turbocharger was an innovation that pushes compressed air into an engine, creating more power. It was invented by Swiss engineer Alfred Buchi, first used in WW I, and it is still a mainstay of modern propeller-powered aircraft.
- The first jet engine was designed in 1913 by Rene Lorin, but never built. Research on the concept continued through the 1920s and 1930s. On August 27, 1939--four days before the beginning of WW ii--the world's first jet plane, the Heinkel He-178, took flight for the first time.


Livermore, CA, July 2022 – DATRON Dynamics congratulates AVBotz and Amador UAVs, robotics teams at Amador Valley High School in Pleasanton, California, on winning second place in each of their international competitions.
AVBotz designs, builds, and competes with their AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle). This year, AVBotz was proud to announce that they placed second in the autonomy challenge of RoboSub, a competition with 39 teams from across the globe. You can check out their video of the AUV Marlin passing through a gate, touching a buoy, dropping markers into a bin, and surfacing in the octagon. Read more about their success in the local news.
The Amador UAV team (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) also earned second place with their drone in the international Student Unmanned Aerial Systems Competition. This challenging competition required students to design, build and demonstrate a UAV capable of autonomous flight and navigation and would need to execute a specific set of tasks. Watch the video of their drone and read their story in the local news.
When AVBotz and Amador UAVs needed help machining parts for their robotic projects, DATRON Dynamics stepped up to help. Chris Hopkins, the Director of Technology, has been helping Amador robotics teams machine parts for their projects since 2015. Because Chris believes in doing more than just making parts and shipping them to the school, he invites the students to DATRON’s Livermore, California office to work alongside him. Chris thoroughly enjoys being a mentor for all CNC-related matters and encourages students to further their engineering education.
Chris and everyone at DATRON Dynamics are excited to see these talented young people accomplishing so much in the field of robotics. We support all STEM programs and are proud that Chris, and the company, have been able to support these next-gen automation engineers. Be sure to read our blog story about machining parts for AVBotz.


Back in the late sixties, the CIA was experimenting on different approaches to space travel. Among these were a program that altered the minds of subjects to make them evolve, giving them the ability to travel in space by way of thought. They would, ideally, sprout wings and take off into the infinite reaches of space, in search for life and resources. Most of the subjects ended up dead during the procedure.
Only one of them did reach the angel-like state without any significant mutations. However, upon her awakening, she destroyed the lab in which she was born, and took off into space with agents on her tail.


The Tuscarawas Regional Technology Park provides high-tech businesses with the best of all worlds. Located in an outer-urban location that is serene and safe, you will also be close enough to major highways, railways and airports to connect you to the world.
Make use of Harry Clever Field – the home of John Glenn’s first solo flight. Just three minutes away, Harry Clever Fields is owned by the City of New Philadelphia, Harry Clever Field has 39 aircraft based on the field. Primarily a single-engine plane field, it can accommodate small corporate jets and multi-engine planes, as well as helicopters, and averages 150 aircraft operations each day.
Akron/Canton Regional Airport is just a 30-minute drive, door-to-door. Akron/Canton Regional provides direct flights to Pittsburgh, Columbus, Washington DC, New York, Chicago, Boston, Atlanta and Charlotte, and connecting flights to anywhere in the world. The airport continues to grow strategically, with CAK 2018, a $110 million capital improvement program, incorporating 10 vital projects including a major runway expansion and a new customs and border patrol facility to accommodate international flights.
Use the map above to explore the area.


At 8:30 pm, an airline pilot and his wife were in their car about 14 miles north of Phoenix. They saw a formation of five white lights flying in a "V" formation. Each light was shining brightly stright down. They resembled landing lights on a plane. He began trying to figure out what they were. He stated that "I have beeen flying for 29 years and I am not used to seeing anything in the sky that I cannot identify." At first he thought it might be Air Force fighters flying in formation, but he discarded that idea because they were flying too slow. He then realized that aircraft would not be flying with their landing lights pointing stright down anyhow. They were not helicopters with searchlights pointing downward because they made no noise. They were not flares. He stated that "I have seen flares both from the air and from the ground. These were not flares."
They both watched as the formation of lights passed silently
by and continued on in a south easterly direction toward Phoenix.
Return to Main UFO Page


After our morning at Stonehenge we took a drive down to Amesbury and then on to Sailsbury for a bit of shopping...but en-route we made a chance discovery and took a little diversion to see the Boscombe Down Aviation Collection. The original museum was created in 1999 but moved to its current site in 2012 and tells the history of Boscombe Down.
|Inside one of the hangers at the museum. There are several full aircraft and dozens of cockpit sections, many of which you can climb into (not me, too big!)|
|Meteor Mk D16 - This complete aircraft was used to chase target drones.|
|This Jaguar GR1 served in the RAF and the IAF before being used for explosives testing. It had now been largely restored.|
|A Hawker Sea Harrier. This one has a side panel removed to show the complex wiring running through the wall of the plane.|
|Auster AOP Mk 4/5. This aircraft was deployed in Normandy in 1944 and is being restored in its Overlord paint scheme.|
|A replica BE2B.|
|There is also an extensive model plane collection.|
This is a nice little museum although I would describe it as an enthusiasts museum, it helps if you know a lot about the exhibits on display. I like the hands on nature of the museum and most of the aircraft cockpits are open and, if your small enough, you can climb in a get a pilots eye view of the insides. Not a bad discovery, especially as it wasn't planned and was very much a happy accident coming across it.
Tomorrow I'm going back to Bovington Tank Museum while the girls do Monkey World just down the road (got to keep everyone happy). I'm looking forward to my visit, even though I have been here dozens of times.


Q. do you own the aircraft?
A. JustJet is a broker for operators and we use multiple different charter operators to fly our passengers.
Q. Is the plane filled for jet shares?
A. Not always. It is fully understood that filling an aircraft is taking away the space you want when flying privately, therefore, for all flights where the aircraft is configured with sofas, only 1 person is seated on a two person sofa or 2 people on a three person sofa. This means that all customers are able to enjoy a spacious and relaxing flight.
Q. Is there a minimum number of passengers required for a jet share to fly?
A. Yes. However, the number is dependent on the flight and aircraft, this is due to the varying costs that need covering.
Q. What’s Included?
A. All our flights operate as a normal full fare charter guest would receive. This means that VIP lounges, Catering (subject to contract), beverages, snacks and magazines are all included. On some flights there will also be a flight attendant who will cater to your every need within reason.
Q. Who RECEIVES the payment?
A. Your payment goes direct to the charter firm. Once you have signed contracts sent by the operator, an invoice will be sent directly from the operator to the guest, who then pays the full amount.
Q. How’s it so cheap?
A. Due to the nature of empty legs, the operators don’t mind only covering costs on the flights, therefore, you are getting the flight for up to 80% off.


- published: 15 May 2017
- views: 816590
How to Become a Commercial Pilot | Pilot Training , Salary , Course Fees, Carrier, Duration 2017 | Toy Airplane link-- http://fkrt.it/ak4lSTuuuN Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge--http://fkrt.it/On4ZJ!NNNN The Adventures of an Ordinary Pilot--http://fkrt.it/azh8hTuuuN The Smell of Kerosene: A Fighter Pilot's Odyssey-- http://fkrt.it/OWUQa!NNNN NDA/NA Exam Book Guide-- http://fkrt.it/OW3HF!NNNN NDA Exam Book-- http://fkrt.it/OE8Za!NNNN Arihant NDA Exam Book-- http://fkrt.it/akpG!TuuuN NDA Exam Solved papers--http://fkrt.it/Ocldw!NNNN Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi (IGRUA)- telephone 0535-2441147 National Flying Training Institute (NFTI) Madhya Pradesh Flying Club (MPFC) Ahmedabad Aviation & Aeronautics Ltd. (AAA)- Mobile : +91-99251 90527 Bombay Flying Club- Telephone: + 91...
http://www.tymacchia.com COMMERCIAL AIRLINE PILOT EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS This video will discuss Commercial Airline Pilot Education Requirements. Public education requirements consist of a High School Diploma followed by a 4 year degree from an accredited university. Three is no requirement to have a technical degree. In fact, your degree can be in History or even Psychology and does not have to be in something as technical as Aerodynamics or Physics, etc. The commercial airline pilot education requirements in the area of pilot training consist of the following. Attain your private pilot's license, followed by an instrument rating and then a commercial rating and a multi-engine rating. Eventually, you will want to attain a CFII rating. That is a Certified Flight Instructor wi...
How To Become A Pilot - [Hindi] - Quick Support. पायलट कैसे बने? हम में से कई लोगो का लक्ष्य पायलट या विमान चालक बनने का होता है. पायलट बनने के लिए उम्मीदवार के पास हिम्मत और जज्बा होना जरूरी है। इसके लिए उम्मीदवार को मानसिक और शारीरिक, दोनों तरह से स्वस्थ होना चाहिए। विमान चालक एयरक्राफ्ट की इंडस्ट्री के उस व्यक्ति को कहते है.
Click here to find out about all the subjects you get to study on your way to becoming a pilot.
Our big Remake of the Training Video (2009) with Swiss on an Airbus A330-200 in Chateauroux. Watch here, how the pilots fly the A330 for the first time, after several houres in the Simulator. Enjoy the 40 mins. ride on the jumpseat! Language: English, German (Swiss) http://www.rueschproductions.com/ http://www.facebook.com/rueschproductions Film images are copy protected, any abuse will be punished!
http://www.fl-flight.com If you want to learn how to become a pilot in this video we'll tell you the requirements that you'll need to meet in order to become a commercial pilot. For additional information visit our website or contact us today: Treasure Coast Flight Training 2580 Se Aviation Way Suite #202 Stuart Fl, 34996 Phone: 772.219.4191
how to become a commercial pilot in Hindi full details Step by step FULL DETAILS Commercial Pilot is getting one of the highest salary in India, Fresh pilot salary is around Rs 1.5 Lakh per moth for domestic Experienced pilot on international route can get 5-6 lakh Rupees per month as salary. To become a pilot, aspirants need to join Air flying schools after completion of 10+2, they should pass the 10+2 exam with physic, chemistry, math. Minimum marks should be 50%. Here is some of the flying schools for training in flying from where SPL, PPL, and CPL training can be completed: Training school Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi, Uttar Pradesh Flying Training Institute, Behala, Calcutta Government Aviation Training Institute, Civil aerodrome, Bhubaneswar Karnal Aviation Club, Kunjpu...
Join Telegram- https://t.me/targetstudyiq Click here to apply-https://goo.gl/7HLi9p Official Notification-https://goo.gl/7HLi9p www.targetstudyiq.com Railways vacancy assistant loco pilot 2018/qualification of loco pilot/education of loco pilot/10th
A look at gcse and a level subjects to think 12 may 2014 regional airlines in the united states do not require pilots have four year college degree. They also limit you upon meeting the requirements of airline transport pilot certificate, are education do i have to get an aviation degree or go college 11 jun 2017 related degrees becoming more popular, particularly since introduction higher apprenticeship in professional how become a pilotpilots fly aircraft like planes and helicopters. What should i do after 10th to become a pilot? Quora. Html url? Q webcache. There are two distinct paths to becoming an learn hundreds of subjects free online with university professors enjoy video lectures on science, math, history, philosophy, photography, by course, i am assuming that you mean a major fie...
An airline pilot operates a plane's engines and controls to navigate and fly the vessel. He or she also checks hydraulic and engine systems for pre-flight safety and monitors fuel consumption and aircraft systems in-flight. Prospective pilots must satisfy a set number of flying hours and be in good physical and mental health to fly an airline carrier. Pilots must deal with possible hazards, such as jet lag, fatigue, and unfavorable weather conditions. However, they also might get to travel all over the world.
http://cfclgb.com - Best pilot school USA, commercial flight academy, international aviation training center, private Pilot courses, top Airline colleges, accelerated Aircraft courses, cheapest Helicopter training program, pilot Career University, flying education, PPL + CPL + SEIR, Simulater and ground training at California, USA.
More than 100 attended the LEAP program Newton County information session on July 10, 2017 at the City of Covington Historic Courthouse in Covington, Georgia. LEAP certificates were presented by Mayor Johnston, Chairman Banes, JPMorgan's Chad Moten, and Carole Bennett with the Georgia Tech Supply Chain & Logistics Institute. Learn more about the LEAP program at https://www.scl.gatech.edu/LEAP.
http://www.workingwithbrian.com - What it Takes to be a Fighter Pilot 1st off, it takes an education. Before you can even begin to think about flying tactical fighter aircraft for any service, you will need to have a college degree. Next, you will need a commission. There are 3 commissioning sources for people coming out of college. Explore all three. You'll have to have more discipline that 99.99% of the people in your age group, at the same place in their life. There's a reason that so few people get the opportunity to fly fighters. It takes discipline. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B913PhaJKiY
Recording of the Intent to Apply Informational Webinar presented on October 3, 2017.
Welcome to the official YouTube Channel Of Ernst Seegers & Associates. We proudly present the pilot of Armed Response By Gregory Parvess, which won the Flaming Fawn award at the 2013 Cape Town Schnit Short Film Festival as best South African Short Film. @schnit_festival
This video tells you what you need to ace you CAS & also what all they test you on.
Books, like VR, open the door to new possibilities and let us experience worlds that would otherwise be beyond reach. Today, we’re excited to bring the two together through a new partnership with the California State Library. This pilot program will place 100 Rifts and Oculus Ready PCs in 90 libraries throughout the state, letting even more people step inside VR and see themselves as part of the revolution. “It’s pretty cool to imagine how many people will try VR for the very first time—and have that ‘wow’ moment—in their local libraries,” says Oculus Education Program Manager Cindy Ball. “We hope early access will cause many people to feel excited and empowered to move beyond just experience VR and to ask how they can become creators and innovators.” Official Oculus Channels: Oculus: h...
CAREERS IN AVIATION.Go through the career opportunities of AVIATION, Govt jobs and Employment News channel from Freshersworld.com – The No.1 job portal for freshers in India. Visit http://www.freshersworld.com?src=Youtube for detailed Career information,Job Opportunities,Education details of AVIATION. As a kid, everyone used to love airplanes? We still do. Aviation, in a literal sense, means operating or merely flying of an aircraft. An aviation degree counts as an initiative to provide willing candidates to empower education regarding departments in the airlines as well as those of airports. It gives an overall spectrum of this course. The bachelor's degree provides insight to the learning of aviation at a basic level covering aviation insurance, international aviation management and ...


by Craig Thomas
At the height of the Cold War, a new Soviet threat triggers a daring heist, and the stakes couldn’t be higher
'A defining novel of the genre and a lost classic' James Swallow
British and American intelligence services have just learned of the Soviet Union’s latest aircraft: the MiG-31.
Codenamed "Firefox", the plane is a marvel of engineering – stealthy, hypersonic, with a thought-guided weapons system – outclassing anything flown by the West. Faced with Soviet air domination, MI6 and the CIA launch a daring mission to steal a Firefox prototype.
Veteran US Air Force pilot Mitchell Gant, is sent to the Soviet Union under an assumed identity. He seems the perfect man for the job. But, deep within the icy heart of Soviet power, the stakes are overwhelming: fail this mission, and lose the war…
Blending Cold War espionage suspense with high-altitude aerial action, Firefox is the original and greatest techno-thriller, from million-copy bestselling author Craig Thomas. Perfect for fans of Tom Clancy and Robert Ludlum.
Praise for Firefox
‘Firefox is as tense and exciting as they come’ TLS
‘Writes far better than Ludlum’ Washington Post


Bombardier Jets has announced production of the iconic Learjet will end after nearly 60 years of production and 3000 new builds.
Inspired by Swiss fighter aircraft and first made famous in the 60’s by celebrities like Frank Sinatra, the Learjet’s days will be coming to a close as Bombardier axes the smaller jet to allow the company to focus on the more larger and profitable Challenger and Global aircraft families.
From its first flight on 7th October 1963, the Learjet had been a favorite choice for private and business aviation, with members of the original Rat Pack frequently using the Learjet as a mode of transport to jet between glamorous locations.
Unfortunately for Learjet, as newer technologies developed and competition from brands like Embraer and Cessna increased, Learjet could not keep pace with the demand for faster flights and more cabin space.
Bombardier spokesman Mark Masluch noted, “Less equipped aircraft at smaller price points drove demand,” while a recent statement from Bombardier referenced a lack of profitability and the need for a cost-cutting plan as reason for ending of production and the subsequent reduction of its workforce by 1,600 positions.
“With more than 3,000 aircraft delivered since its entry-into-service in 1963, the iconic Learjet aircraft has had a remarkable and lasting impact on business aviation”, shared Eric Martel, Bombardier Jets President and CEO. “However, given the increasingly challenging market dynamics, we have made this difficult decision to end Learjet production.”
Now, after nearly 60 years, Bombardier will be calling it a day on the Learjet in Q4 later this year, but the company has revealed the Learjet headquarters in Wichita, Kansas will remain operational and be transformed into a support center for maintenance and upgrades of existing Learjet models.
Gulfstream Delivers Final G550 Jet To Customer
The final Gulfstream G550 business jet has been delivered to an international customer, marking an end of an era for the long-range commercial jet.
After almost 20 years, Gulfstream has delivered its final G550 commercial jet to an international customer.
Entering service in 2003 as a long-range business jet, the G550 has a range of 6,750 nautical miles (12,501 kilometers) at Mach 0.80 and has broken over 55 speed records during its time of service.
Launched as a commercial jet that could be configured for business, government, or military and seat up to 19 passengers, the G550 is a versatile jet that enables owners to fly between international destinations such as Shanghai to Los Angeles, New York to Dubai, or London to Tokyo.
The Gulfstream G550 also launched the PlaneView™ flight deck platform for the first time and led the way with the certified Enhanced Vision System (now known as the Enhanced Flight Vision System – EFVS) as a standard safety feature for pilot safety.
“For nearly two decades, the G550 has been exceeding customer expectations,” said Mark Burns, president, Gulfstream. “The G550 set a new standard for performance and reliability and continues to outperform and impress with its wide-ranging capabilities. Given our vast G550 fleet in service, we look forward to continuing to support all G550 customers around the world with Gulfstream Customer Support’s extensive network.”
The final delivery, which took place at the end of June, brings the global fleet of Gulfstream G550’s in service to a total of 600 jets.
Aerion Supersonic Jets To Close Operations
Aerion Supersonic set to close operations after struggling to acquire further funding to produce its AS2 supersonic business jet.
Aerion Supersonic is reportedly set to close operations after failing to secure the considerable capital required to produce its AS2 business jet at its future $300 million planned facilities at Aerion Park, Florida.
Founded in 2004 with backing from Texan billionaire Robert Bass, Aerion Supersonic started as a solution to the 2003 retired Concorde and gained backing and support from organizations like Boeing, Airbus, Lockheed Martin, and NASA’s Langley Research Center.
Yet despite raising $11.2 billion in pre-sales, Aerion has struggled to gain the capital needed to bring it to market.
“The AS2 supersonic business jet program meets all market, technical, regulatory and sustainability requirements, and the market for a new supersonic segment of general aviation has been validated with $11.2 billion in sales backlog for the AS2,” reads the company statement, as stated by Florida Today.
“However, in the current financial environment, it has proven hugely challenging to close on the scheduled and necessary large new capital requirements to finalize the transition of the AS2 into production. Given these conditions, the Aerion Corporation is now taking the appropriate steps in consideration of this ongoing financial environment.”
As reported by CNBC in early 2020, Aerion Supersonic revealed it would need around $4 billion to continue developing the AS2 after already spending $1 billion on engine development.
Initially, Aerion Supersonic had intended to launch the 1,000-miles-per-hour jet by 2024 and begin commercial activities by 2026, producing 300 AS2 jets during the first decade of production.
Unless 11th-hour funding is secured, the future of Aerion Supersonic is set to remain indefinitely grounded.
Dassault Launches Falcon 10X With Largest Business Cabin Jet Yet
Dassault Aviation’s new Falcon 10X Business Jet is a high-speed ultra-long-range jet capable of flying non-stop from New York to Shanghai.
Dassault Aviation’s Falcon 10X Business Jet is a high-speed ultra-long-range jet featuring the largest and most comfortable cabin on a business jet yet.
Said to “deliver a level of comfort, versatility, and technology not yet seen” in terms of cabin size and comfort, the Falcon 10X is looking to rival the likes of the Gulfstream G700 and Bombardier’s Global 7500 when it goes into production end of 2025.
“The 10X will be more than just another big step forward in business aviation. It will be absolutely the best business jet available in the ultra-long-range category and will remain so for a long time,” shared Dassault Chairman and CEO Eric Trappier.
As the first Dassault business jet to be powered by Rolls-Royce Pearl engines, the new Dassault Falcon 10X can achieve a top speed of Mach 0.925 and, with a nautical mile range of 7,500, will be able to fly nonstop from New York to Shanghai, Los Angeles to Sydney, Hong Kong to New York or even Paris to Santiago.
Created as a “penthouse suite in the sky,” the Dassault Falcon 10X will offer greater modularity than any other aircraft in its class and a selection of multiple interior configurations.
The 10X is large enough to accommodate four-cabin zones of equal length, but owners can configure their cabin as they desire to create a living space to best suit their needs, including an expanded dining/conference area, a dedicated entertainment area with a large-screen monitor, a private stateroom with a queen-size bed or an enlarged master suite with a private stand-up shower.
“Today we are introducing a new benchmark in business aviation,” said Dassault Chairman and CEO Eric Trappier. “The Falcon 10X will offer an unrivalled passenger experience over both short- and long-duration flights, along with breakthrough safety features from Dassault’s frontline fighter technology. We have optimized every aspect of the aircraft with the passenger in mind and established a new level of capability for ultra-long-range aircraft.”


Bombardier Internship For Students 2023: The Bombardier Internship for Students is an excellent opportunity for students interested in the aviation industry. This internship offers students the opportunity to gain valuable experience while working for a globally renowned company.
Accepted students will be paired with a mentor and assigned relevant projects to their field of study. The internship is paid and will last for a total of twelve weeks.
Bombardier Aerospace is a global leader in the development and production of innovative aviation products for the commercial, business, and regional airline markets. It is a truly global company with over 4,500 employees in Canada, the United States, Europe, and Asia.
Regional jets, business aircraft, and commercial airliners are all included in the company’s extensive product catalog. It strives to develop new technologies that will make flying even safer and more efficient.
- Education: Minimum Inter
- Status: Fully Funded
- Location: Montreal, Canada
The Bombardier Internship Program is an intensive, paid work experience for highly qualified individuals seeking aviation industry experience. Interns will have the opportunity to learn about the various aspects of aircraft design and production, as well as the Bombardier organization, through this program. Additionally, interns will gain valuable work experience that they can use to launch their careers in the aviation industry.
Applicants must hold a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution. They should be younger than 25 years old. Candidates must be fluent in English. Applicants must be nationals of a UN member state.
How to Apply for Bombardier Internship For Students 2023
You can apply online through the organization’s website.


Miami is a city known for its beaches, skyscrapers and vibrant nightlife, it has also become a popular place for drone enthusiasts, however; before taking off it is crucial to understand the regulations established by local and federal authorities to fly drones in this city, either for recreational or commercial purposes.
That’s why we will talk about the current regulations and how you can enjoy flying drones in Florida.
Below, you will learn about Miami’s regulations for the use of drones.
For both drone enthusiasts and businesses wishing to use this technology, it is essential to comply with the regulations, ensuring the safety and privacy of residents and visitors.
The United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has established guidelines governing the use of drones in the airspace, learn a little about some of them:
Drone registration: Any drone weighing more than 0.55 pounds (approximately 250 grams) must be registered with the FAA before flying in U.S. airspace, including Miami (Register your drone by clicking here).
Recreational Flight: Drones for recreational use must follow certain guidelines, such as staying at a maximum altitude of 400 feet (approximately 120 meters) above the ground and staying away from airports and restricted areas.
Commercial Flight: If you plan using a drone for commercial purposes, special FAA certification, such as Part 107, is required. In addition, specific guidelines must be followed to ensure safety and protect privacy.
Respect privacy: It is critical to respect people’s privacy while flying a drone, avoid filming or photographing private areas without permission, and maintain an adequate distance from people and buildings.
Taking Miami drone flying to the next level with Volartech
Now that you know the regulations, the question arises, how can you enjoy this exciting activity without worrying about the legal and operational aspects? This is where we stand out as a leading drone service company for businesses that can make the experience easier for you.
Experience and licenses: We have a team of expert pilots with extensive experience in drone flying, all our pilots are FAA certified under Part 107 for commercial operations, which guarantees a safe and legal flight.
Local knowledge: Having in-depth knowledge of Miami’s airspace and restricted areas, means that we can provide accurate information on areas where you can fly safely and legitimately.
Customized service: Whether you want to capture stunning images of Miami Beach or need drone services for your business, we offer customized solutions to meet your specific needs.
Regulatory Compliance: We are committed to complying with all regulations set forth by the FAA and other local authorities, ensuring that every flight is conducted ethically and legally.
In addition, TRUST provides education, testing, and important safety and regulatory information. If you want to fly your drone recreationally under the Recreational Flying Exception, you must pass this test before flying, you must pass this test before flying (Learn more about the TRUST test by clicking here).
If your goal is flying your drone in Miami City, then learn more about the regulations that the Florida Department of Transportation and the Florida Legislature have for you; Florida has four state laws on the use of drones, and you can learn more about them by clicking here.
It is possible to fly drones in Miami, as long as the proper regulations for recreational or commercial flights are met. For those who want to enjoy this activity without worrying about the legal and operational aspects.
With us, you will find a reliable and experienced option, our team of certified pilots in audiovisual content creation, drone piloting, and local knowledge make us an ideal choice.


Cessna Caravan aircraft for sale
The Cessna 208 Caravan built by Cessna is a single turboprop engine, fixed-gear short-haul utility aircraft. The aircraft seats nine passengers, with a single person crew. It is also used for cargo operations.
The Cessna Caravan is produced since 1984, after two years of certification and testing. Cessna designed many different models of the Caravan: the cargo master and the Grand Caravan (passenger model) – the basic airframe of the plane can be modified e.g. with various types of landing gears to allow operating in different environments.


The Saugeen Municipal Airport is the aviation hub of the region, serving Brockton, Hanover and West Grey. Located just a few kilometres east of Walkerton, you can dine at the airport restaurant while watching planes land and take off on a sunny weekend. Over 50 pilots call this airport their home base, and dozens more stop by on a regular basis to touch down, fuel up, grab a bite or head into nearby Walkerton or Hanover. Fuel can be purchased from the self-serve station 24/7, and the airport itself is accessible 365 days a year, offering two runways (north-south and east-west) with full instrument approach systems.
The airport serves as a base for flight training, sightseeing tours, air ambulance services, corporate jets and recreational pilots. Space can also be booked for special events, meetings and private functions. The airport hosts an annual "COPA for Kids" event in June and also hosted the spectacular Royal Canadian Airforce Snowbirds team for Canada's 150th anniversary in 2017. A video is available at www.Brockton.ca/airport.
You can also learn to fly or book a scenic tour, at the Saugeen Airport. Kuhl Aero Academy, a flight training facility, will soon open their doors.
For more information, call 519-364-3220 or visit www.saugeenmunicipalairport.com.


This article was prepared for various flying clubs to run on their websites, explaining aviation medical examinations. As such it is generic, and not specific to this clinic.
As one approaches the exciting prospect of learning to fly an aircraft, one of the first areas of concern is often the fact that a medical examination will have to be completed. The purpose of this brief article is to address this examination, and perhaps demystify some of the concerns you may have had surrounding the whole issue of medical fitness to fly.
Since the start of aviation, it has been recognized that the flight environment makes special demands upon the human body. Medical examinations have been instituted from the very earliest days of aviation. These examinations have evolved, over decades, to form the medical standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization, to which Canada is a signatory. The medical standards that must be met by private or commercial pilots are thus international, and not merely a Canadian matter. Each member state of ICAO is allowed some latitude in interpreting the standards, but you will find them very similar around the world.
It is a common myth that one need be “super human” or in the pinnacle of physical condition in order to fly. Basically, one must be healthy. The exact standards are set out in the CARs, a copy of which may be found on the web via Transport Canada. I will assume, however, for the purposes of this article, that the Reader is not familiar with the CARs. The mechanics of the medical examination are as follows. Private pilots must hold a medical certificate entitled “category 3”, while commercial or airline transport licensed pilots must hold a medical certificate entitled “category 1”. The medical standards, and validity periods, for each of these categories are different. A category 4 medical is held by recreational pilots, and is obtained by filling out a self declaration form with any doctor, an aviation doctor is not necessary. Category 3 and category 1 medical certificates can only be obtained by undergoing a specified medical examination with one of the designated aviation medical examiners (AME). A list of Civil Aviation Medical Examiners is available on the web. These doctors have special training in aviation medicine, and performing the aviation medical examination. They will determine whether you meet the standards for either category 3 or category 1, and make a recommendation to Transport Canada, Civil Aviation Medicine, on your behalf. The final decision as to whether you meet standards, or not, rests with the Regional Aviation Medical Officer (RAMO).
Should you disagree with the decision, you have an opportunity to submit further medical information to the Aviation Medical Review Board for their consideration. Should you still be turned down, and disagree with this, you have a right to a public hearing at the Civil Aviation Tribunal.
Two minor items. Firstly, unlike a car, you may fly an airplane (dual) accompanied by a licensed pilot, without possessing any type of student pilot permit or medical certificate. The airplane is deemed, in this case, to be under the control of the licensed pilot. Thus, you may start your flight instruction at any time, before undergoing a medical examination. It will be necessary for you to hold a student private permit, and valid medical certificate, to solo. Secondly, these aviation medical examinations, are not covered by Medicare, and must be paid for by the pilot. Depending where you are in Canada these medical examination costs anywhere from $150 to $230 dollars. Tests, such as ECGs or audiograms, are extra.
Now, what are these medical standards you must meet?
Fundamentally, you must be healthy. The medical standards are described by body system. Covering the most common medical problems seen by aviation medical physicians, you must:
- Have adequate vision (glasses are permitted) better than 20/30. If you have had laser eye surgery you may still be licensed.
- Have adequate hearing (able to hear whispered speech at 6 m). If your hearing is not this good, there are practical tests which may be performed which will still permit you to be licensed, although you may be required to wear a headset when flying a radio equipped aircraft.
- Be free of any significant, ongoing illness which might result in impairment of consciousness or inability to operate the aircraft safely. It is possible to be licensed with a variety of illnesses, as long as those illnesses are under good control. The topic of medication often comes up. Medications are not permitted when they may have side effects or therapeutic effects which impair a pilot’s ability to operate the aircraft. An example would be narcotic pain-killers. Secondly, certain medications may not be impairing in and of themselves, but their use implies an underlying illness which would not permit the safe piloting of an aircraft. An example would be chemotherapy agents for the treatment of active cancer. Blood pressure must be adequately controlled, although medications are acceptable. A past history of significant heart disease, or lung disease, will be thoroughly investigated to ensure that the pilot has recovered adequately, and is now safe. It is possible to be licensed to fly an aircraft even after one has had a heart attack, provided certain criteria are met. Various handicaps such as missing limbs are also acceptable, provided the pilot is capable of moving all of the control surfaces of the aircraft through their full course of travel, and is capable of exiting the aircraft in an emergency. It may be necessary to be limited to certain, specially equipped, aircraft to permit handicapped pilots to fly.
Obviously, an article like this must be extremely general. Specific circumstances vary so much that the best advice for anyone contemplating flying lessons would be to complete a Transport Canada medical examination if they are in any doubt as to their fitness. Generally, your flight instructor can advise you, or put you in touch with someone such as an aviation medical examiner, who can give more specific advice in your case. Overall, Transport Canada, Civil Aviation Medicine, is anxious to see that anyone who desires to fly an aircraft, and is safe to do so, is allowed to exercise this privilege, and join the flying fraternity. If you have always held back because of health concerns, perhaps now is the time to reconsider, as things may be better than you thought!


The human way to communicate today is not a difficult thing anymore. Today humans can easily communicate with each other with the many media and emerging technologies today. One of the ways is through the help of satellite internet. In general, satellite internet is used for remote areas, so satellite internet is usually referred to as the internet desa.
Apart from that, here are some types of satellites and their functions you need to know!
Communications satellites are for telecommunications, radio broadcasts, television broadcasts and telephones using microwave frequencies.
Navigation Satellite (GPS) that serves to navigate and map making that aims to determine a particular location or point.
Astronomical satellite serves to investigate the solar system such as planets, stars, and other objects.
Military Satellite serves as a communications satellite for military purposes.
Meteorological Satellite (Weather) serves to investigate the weather and climate conditions of the earth to assist in the weather forecast.
SATELLITES TO THE EARTH’S POSITION
GEO – Geostationary (geo-synchronous) earth orbit
A satellite system where the satellite is located approximately 35,680 km above the earth, the average age of GEO 14-17 Years, 24 Hours Works, Serves for VSAT Global Communications, Broadcast, Radio or Television.
LEO – Low earth orbit
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite is located about 200-1400 km above the earth, the average age of LEO 4-8 Years, Serves for Handled Global (Special Needs) used by the military


take the stress out of business travel with a private charter.
this american designed & manufactured aircraft has been a popular choice in the Australian aviation industry for many years, and for good reason. powered by two 350hp flat-six Lycoming engines, the Chieftain’s reliability is among the best in it’s class. Equipped with modern avionics equipment including satellite & airborne weather radars plus GPS. With a max cruising altitude of 3,048M and range up to 1,040KM, it’s equally suited to standard airstrips as it is unsealed tracks for those out-of-the-way mining destinations.
PRICING & QUOTES
please call or fill in the form below to get a custom quote!


Renton Composite Squadron is unique because of its diverse blend of senior members and cadets. No matter what you want your future to hold, Renton Composite Squadron can help you.
Cadets learn everything from first aid to how to fly an airplane with our special and knowledgeable instructors. They also get the chance to go flying in one of our CAP airplanes, gliders and attend Cadet Special Activities, and Encampments.
If you are interested in learning more about us, just come down and experience a meeting for yourself!
If you have any problems with the website or have any questions about the CAP program at all, email Capt Villaluz.
Meeting location address and contact information is on the left side of this webpage. Welcome !
MeetingThe next meeting scheduled is Monday, 1900Hrs (7:00pm).
790 West Perimeter Road
Renton, WA 98057
Meeting time 7 PM to 9 PM
The schedule will be posted on the web.
P.O. Box 1965
Renton WA 98057
1st Lt. Monty Burich
Deputy Commander for Cadets
Capt Ramir Villaluz


3 edition of Forward air controller found in the catalog.
Forward air controller
Shipping list no.: 97-0144-P
|Contributions||Marine Corps Institute (U.S.). Occupational Skills Dept|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||90, 8 p. :|
|Number of Pages||90|
The centurys poetry, 1837-1937
The arguments of the council for the defendant, in support of a plea to the jurisdiction
Live Your Dream: Discover and Achieve Your Life Purpose
San Benito evening-primrose recovery plan (draft)
Children in one-parent families
International Symposium on Macromolecules in honor of Professor Herman F. Mark
Prize poems, 1965-1967
The Florida Boys on the Suwannee River (The Florida Boys , No 1)
Geologic and geophysical investigation of the Beowawe geothermal area, North-Central Nevada.
Canadian trustees handbook
Test of professional competence in management accounting
The Forward Air Controller came into his own during the s and s air war in Southeast Asia. In Vietnam, FACs were an indispensable part of the air war -- the link between forces on the ground and 4/5(5). I Forward air controller book what this book would be story is well told by the Author, of his experiences as a Forward Air Controller.
Where he had to make a complete change in operation and tactics from being /5(). Forward Air is a single-source provider that presents a robust menu of supply chain services for air freight and expedited LTL markets, involving expedited linehaul (LTL), full truckload (TL), cartage, airline.
The Forward Air Controller (FAC), flying low and slow, was a key player in virtually every battle of the Vietnam War. This true story of the Prairie Fire FACs describes the impossible rescues and. His autobiographical book, A Lonely Kind of War depicts his unique job as Forward Air Controller in a Bronco OV aircraft.
Harrison and his few colleagues as FACs coordinated air strikes by fighter /5. 1/25/ The January Newsletter is out. And do one more roll for me." Commander Gerald L.
"Jerry" Coffee. This site is dedicated to personnel who supported and flew the Forward Air Controller mission. Forward air controller definition is - a military officer who directs from a forward position on the ground or in the air the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support of land forces.
Forward Air Controllers Their primary role is to communicate with attack aircraft and call in attack runs on targets on the ground. An FAC, or Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC), as they are known is U.S. The U.S. Ssoldiers with the rd Air Brigade Combat Team, Cavalry, provided security for Belgian forward air controllers during a joint terminal air controller-centric exercise.
Royal Air Force in the African campaigns but it wasn‟t until the war in Italy that the concepts of ground and airborne forward air controlling were well defined. The Rover system was developed by the British File Size: KB.
OPERATION Forward air controller book FREEDOM -- Combat controllers practice firing movements on the range at a forward-deployed location supporting Operation Enduring Freedom.
Air Force Forward air controller book. Forward Air Controllers, or FACs, in the Southeast Asia conflict were rated pilots whose job it was to coordinate air-ground could be ground-based with the troops they were supporting. This is the result of one of the most misunderstood and under-used military instruments of airpower — the airborne forward air controller.
Distinguished from his ground-based brethren by an. This book contains real-life stories submitted by USAF and allied pilots who participated in the Vietnam war as Forward Air Controllers, those who flew with them, those who.
Author Marshall Harrison served in the United States Air Force for three tours of duty during the Vietnam War from to His autobiographical book, A Lonely Kind of War depicts his unique job as /5(). Coveys also provided air cover for U.S.
Army Special Forces "SOG" teams as they infiltrated behind enemy lines into the Trail network. Often, the Covey was the sole link between life and death for an out-numbered SOG team under attack. You will enjoy this book.
COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated. Forward Air Control Rocket Flying FAC Mission Air Show Cessna Skymaster Vietnam Warbird - Duration: 4 minutes, 1 second.
Ho Chi Minh Trail Forward Air Controller. After I (Capt. Richard E. Pierson) was assigned as a Forward Air Controller (FAC) in the Cessna O-1 Bird Dog aircraft, I was ordered from Dover AFB, Delaware to File Size: 9MB.
A very well written account of the making of a forward air controller (FAC) and his tour of duty in Vietnam. This book is filled with non-stop aerial combat interspersed with wit and humor.
I 5/5(5). Tom Yarborough served in the Air Force for thirty years in a variety of flying and staff assignments. A command pilot, he logged 5, hours of flying time, with over 1, of them in combat.
During his /5(3). The eyes and ears of the fast-moving jets who rained death and destruction down on enemy positions, the Forward Air Controller made an art form out of an air strike knowing the targets, 5/5(2). FACs (forward air controllers) in Vietnam flew low and slow, searching for signs of an elusive enemy.
Often they trolled themselves as bait for the NVA troops to try to shoot down. When a /5(22). ANGLICO forward air controllers (FACs), otherwise known as JTACs, are tasked with calling in close air support (CAS) from attack aircraft and helicopters.
Sometimes a single ANGLICO Marine may be. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Da Nang Diary: A Forward Air Controller's Gunsight View of Flying with SOG by Tom Yarborough (, Paperback) at the best.
The FAC was a Forward Air Controller flying in an O-1 Birddog. It was a small, fixed-winged, observation plane. The Air Force used them to control the jet fighter bombers during air strikes, while the Army. - Aircraft used for reconnaissance.
See more ideas about Aircraft, Vietnam and Fighter jets pins. Define forward air controller. forward air controller synonyms, forward air controller pronunciation, forward air controller translation, English dictionary definition of forward air controller.
An officer member of the. Definition of forward air controller in the dictionary. Meaning of forward air controller. What does forward air controller mean. Information and translations of forward air controller in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions.
The author, a retired Air Force pilot, recounts his experiences flying an OV Bronco, a slow-moving, propeller aircraft, as a FAC, forward air controller in Vietnam "synopsis" may belong to another edition /5().
Define forward air controller (airborne). forward air controller (airborne) synonyms, forward air controller (airborne) pronunciation, forward air controller (airborne) translation, English dictionary definition of.
Special Operations: Air Force Combat Controllers The United States Air Force is the largest air force in the world, and when a combat zone is thick with air traffic, someone has to. FAC/CCT. FORWARD AIR CONTROLLERS. RAAF FACs in Vietnam; USAF RAVEN FACs Home Page; AustralianAF(RAAF) FAC Flt Lt Garry Cooper Recommended for CMOH by USA 9th ID Commander.
The "Rustic" Forward Air Controllers (FACs) were USAF OV and O-2A pilots who, along with their French-speaking USAF interpreters, flew FAC missions over Cambodia in support of Cambodian.
C Night Forward Air Controller on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. [PDF] Vietnam Above the Treetops: A Forward Air Controller Reports (Hardback) Vietnam Above the Treetops: A Forward Air Controller Reports (Hardback) Book Review Complete guideline for pdf. He was an engineer with Pratt & Whitney before joining the Air Force, where his first job was as a parachute qualified forward air controller with the Army's 82nd Airborne Division.
Then & now The F. forward air controller (FAC), and his ability to influence mission success. By Department of Defense (DOD) definition, a FAC is "an officer (aviator/pilot) member of.
The book tells the author's experiences as a Forward Air Controller (FAC) flying Rockwell OV Bronco aircraft. Very well-written, the author takes you to flying over enemy territory, providing close air /5(). Pretzel 06 Memories of a Forward Air Controller: Southeast Asia Forty-eight years ago, Tom Petitmermet was assigned a Forward Air Controller in Southeast Asia supporting SOG and 5th.
Military Issues Paper submitted to the Faculty of the The consensus of all groups was that the best forward air controller is a trained The U.S.
Marine Corps (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.A specifically trained and qualified aviation officer who exercises control from the air of aircraft engaged in close air support of ground troops. The forward air controller (airborne) is normally an airborne .One drawback is that it was a hot item for individuals looking for something different, so you had to keep an eye on it all the time -- not a bad idea for any weapon.
I also carried a caliber Smith & Wesson .


- This event has passed.
Women Who Code Meet-Up Edinburgh
May 28, 2019 @ 6:30 pm - 8:30 pm
Director of the U.K. Astronomy Technology Centre in Edinburgh, Scotland – Dr. Gillian Wright will share insights about James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
She is the principal investigator for the MIRI instrument of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). When launched in 2021 Webb will be the biggest space observatory ever, and will enable astronomers from around the world to study the Universe in exquisite detail. She will explain why Webb is an infrared mission and discuss the technical challenges, mission status and the key scientific questions it will help us to answer. Along with this, she will illustrate the importance of code to modern astronomy.


The Air Pink airline, one of seven companies under the Pink Media Group, one of the largest and most powerful commercial media groups in Europe, had recently extended its fleet with three new Cessna XLS+ aircraft. Thanks to the high international standards, business policy, and services, the Air Pink is extending its market each year, and with the present fleet extension, operates to more than 450 airports throughout Europe, Eastern Europe, North Africa, Middle East, as well as several destinations in the United Arab Emirates.
High International Standards of the Air Pink Company Winning the Global Market
The Air Pink Company specializes in VIP and corporative – executive aviation services, offering a comprehensive flight experience for its passengers, offering, first and foremost, the international standard of service, through the safe and comfortable flight, with service tuned to the passengers’ preferences.
The Air Pink was founded under the Pink International Company in 2004. The Air Pink was founded by Zeljko Mitrovic, Pink Media Group President, and Aleksandar Ilic, Air Pink Managing Director. With the team of professional and enthusiastic pilots holding years of experience, the Air Pink had its first commercial flight with an aircraft, type Beech A60 – Duke. Soon after, a jet aircraft in the business aircraft class, Cessna Citation 2 type, had joined the fleet, with eight passenger seats available, improving the quality of transportation offered with even more comfortable passengers cabin and shorter flight duration. Next year, another Cessna Citation 2 aircraft was included in the company fleet, increasing the capacity of an offer for more clients/passengers. After 12 years of operation, the Air Pink presently has a fleet of business aircraft, five of which being Cessna XLS+ type.
Air Pink Fleet Extended by Three New Aircrafts
The Air Pink Company had extended its fleet with three new Cessna XLS+ aircraft. Cessna 560 XLS+, or simply XLS+ is a Business Jet class aircraft – business-type aircraft with the following commercial properties: maximum capacity of nine passengers with luggage and two pilots, range with four passengers approximately 1,722 nautical miles or 3,190 kilometers, range with eight passengers approximately 1,282 nautical miles or 2,370 kilometers; maximum flight level or flight altitude is 45,000 feet or 13,716 meters. Maximum cruise speed is approximately 431 knots or 800 kph.
Air Pink flight – a Unique Choice
Passenger Selects Date and Time of Flight and Departure
The leading advantage of flying with the Air Pink Company is that the client, passenger selects date of flight and time of departure, unlike the carriers using their fleet in regular air traffic or regular charter traffic, being bound to the set flight schedule with predefined date, i.e. day and timing of departure, which does not fit the needs of the majority of business aircraft users for multiple reasons, predominantly business-related, or if they take a leisure flight.
Catering Range – from Standard to Custom
In-flight services in the Air Pink Company business jet significantly differs having an available bar with a selection of beverages, spirits and meals, and the catering that ranges from standard to custom-designed for the passengers.
Internet and Satellite Phone during the Flight
The Air Pink passengers have the Internet connection and satellite phone during the flight.
Faster Passport and Security Check
Another benefit for the Air Pink passengers is being directed to special terminals for general aviation, where passport and security checks are performed faster, while they wait for boarding in special VIP premises, with refreshments available.
Air Pink Company Aircraft are Able to Use Shorter Runways in the Flight Market
The aircraft offered in the flight market by the Air Pink may land on shorter runways, operatively not accessible for the “big aviation” aircraft, being limited by the length of takeoff – landing track, thus avoiding connected flights at an airport to a smaller aircraft or using other modes of transportation such as cars to reach the desired destination.
Air Pink Users – Businesspersons from Major Global Companies and Corporations, along the World Renowned Celebrities
In past 12 years of operation in the business aviation market, the Air Pink had rendered its services to the clients from various fields of operation – from businesspersons from the major global companies and corporation, along with the most popular celebrities, public personas in various fields, movies, music, and sports.
Air Pink Your Personal Jet
The Air Pink Company prides itself with the flight safety level thanks to the high level of the Air Pink pilots’ training, their years of experience, adherence to the procedures prescribed by national civil aviation authorities, quality technical maintenance of the Air Pink aircraft, which is handled by the Sector for Aircraft Maintenance with professional, experienced engineers and mechanics.
This aspect of the industry, above any other, even the commercial effects that keep the Air Pink in a very complex, competitive market, along with the superior service, brings the passengers back to the Air Pink flights, as loyal clients of many years, being with the Air Pink Company from the very beginning, for more than a decade, while bringing the new clients whose requirements are being gladly met by the Air Pink Company making each flight an ultimately pleasant, personalized, unique flying experience, being one of the ideas behind the motto: “Air Pink, your personal Jet.” For more in details about the Air Pink Company, please visit: http://www.airpink.com


March 2, 2016 | Latest Photo
Astronaut Scott Kelly recently landed back on Earth after spending nearly a year on the International Space Station with Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko. The two men lived in outer space for 340 days — the longest continuous stay, according to the Los Angeles Times. In fact, Kelly has now spent a total of 520 days in space, more than any other U.S. astronaut.
That lengthy stay was the point of the mission. Kelly and his identical twin brother, former astronaut Mark Kelly (husband of former Arizona Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords), are part of a scientific experiment to study the effects of long-term exposure to outer space and its zero-gravity conditions. Mark stayed back on Earth while Scott was in space.
“As we prepare to go all the way to Mars in the decade of the 2030s, there's going to be a lot that we're going to have to learn,” Senator Bill Nelson (D-Fla.), a former astronaut who spent six days on the space shuttle Columbia in 1986, said in a statement.
Scott Kelly echoed that sentiment in an interview with NASA TV after he landed in Kazakhstan. “I think that expanding our envelope and our ability to operate is something that will take us further from the planet,” he said. “Developing technology to do so is very important for our economy and our way of life.”
During Kelly’s time in space, both brothers provided blood, saliva and urine samples, had ultrasounds and bone scans and even got flu shots, according to Fox News. Once Kelly returns to NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, scientists will examine him and collect more samples.
Scientists already know some of the effects that microgravity has on the body. For example, in space, blood gets redistributed, with more accumulating in the upper half than in the lower extremities, according to the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI). For this reason, astronauts usually have a puffy face while in space, and their legs are smaller in circumference.
Brinda Rana, PhD, a molecular geneticist at UC San Diego who is involved in two of the 10 research projects, told the LA Times there are more concerning health issues related to this fluid shift, including the raising of intracranial pressure, visual impairment and inflammation potentially linked to cardiovascular disease.
Other ways living without gravity changes your body:
America, Home of the Sleep-Deprived?
© 2020 SafeBee. All Rights Reserved.


Aircraft-interior-led-lighting, aircraft spruce supplies components for a wide variety of homebuilt aircraft and discount pilot supplies.. Aircraft interior cabin lighting bruce aerospace provides a true plug-and-play cabin lighting solution featuring xlume high brightness led technology, delivering exceptional quality and illumination that far outreaches oem fluorescent and many other led lighting systems., lighting safety, comfort and efficiency our interior and exterior led lighting systems feature a robust lightweight design, increased longevity and reliability. with our led systems, you reduce maintenance and operating costs over the life of your aircraft.. Jbrnd’s led lighting provides a higher quality experience with far less power consumption than traditional lighting systems. jbrnd manufactures the lightest and thinnest interior aircraft led lighting options in the industry, with easy to install analog and digital control systems. take a look our various led lighting options for aircraft., this high-quality interior aviation lighting includes energy efficient led dome lights and dome light assemblies, post lights and utility lights. if you're looking for an aviation map light, we've got those as well in various styles..
70813 series led interior cabin light is a high quality, long lasting, dimmer controllable, modern alternative to the a360 series incandescent interior cabin lights. it offers significant technological upgrades over previous products., bruce aerospace is respected around the globe as an elite producer of leading-edge “plug and play” aircraft interior lighting systems that create a beautiful, functional, safe and passenger-pleasing aircraft cabin environment—all of which enhance the brand impact of leading aircraft oems and aftermarket products..
Aeroleds™ landing and navigational lighting products are designed for some of the most extreme operating conditions on the planet. with the focus on efficiency, reliability, and natural lighting, the company has introduced revolutionary landing and navigational lighting products that produce far better results than traditional lighting systems., aircraft lighting international (ali) has been providing state-of-the-art, safety-certified aircraft interior lighting systems. we strive to meet the needs of our customers and aim to continue to be the innovative leader in aviation lighting. we continuously have a number of new products in the pipeline.
Aveoengineering is a world-leading producer of high-technology electronics solutions and innovative led lighting products for the aviation, marine, vehicle, mining, industrial, and obstruction warning/safety markets worldwide.


An Ohio WWTP replaced its multi-stage centrifugal blowers with Inovair direct-drive Modular (IM) model integrally-geared centrifugal blowers. The high-efficiency blowers and improved dynamic control reduced the plant’s annual energy costs.
Controls for aeration equipment are essential for providing precise airflow for process control and energy savings. Inovair experience in the MWWT industry has allowed our team to gain a great deal of knowledge with respect to blower control systems and allows us to offer flexible control systems at very cost-effective pricing.
Inovair also offers a variety of blowers for pre-conditioned air (PCA) carts for military aircraft and because of Inovairs superiority in reliability and performance was chosen to provide the blower for the new state-of-the-art F-35 Joint Strike Fighter.


Heaven and Earth
Powell Air Force Base
The facility opened in 1951 with a great deal of controversy. Many questioned why an Air Force base was necessary near the Kansas-Missouri border and because it was built as a training facility, its presence was even more unusual. Despite this, Powell has managed to remain open ever since.
The Air Force still maintains the facility despite dwindling crops of recruits arriving here for training. With the wave of military base closings in the 90’s, everyone figured that Powell was doomed. It continues to operate, however, even with the annual threats of its demise. Although Powell is listed as a training facility, it functions under a surprising level of secrecy for such a run-of-the mill task. Powell only has a small area of the base accessible to the general public, requiring an official parking sticker to be allowed inside. The only two publicly accessible gates are guarded twenty-four hours a day, and armed guards man the gates of classified areas.
The number of civilians employed by the base is very small in comparison to other facilities of a similar size, keeping Powell AFB and Potter’s Lake from developing the symbiotic relationship that infuses so many “military” towns.


LA Corporate Event Photographer: Dinner at the Space Shuttle Endeavour
LA Corporate Event Photographer
World Affairs Council Dinner at the Space Shuttle Endeavour
The Endeavour was the fifth and final space worthy NASA space shuttle to be built, and first flew in May 1992 and its last mission was in May 2011. In 2012 the majestic high speed Space Shuttle Endeavour took its last flight and greeted all of LA as it flew above the City of Angels and then traveled at walking pace through the streets of LA to a cheering crowd as it journeyed to it’s final resting place at the California science center. If you missed the this historic event you may be interested in visiting the Endeavour at the California Science Center.
Earlier this year The Los Angeles World Affairs Council hosted a dinner at the Endeavour with guest speakers Garrett Reisman and Buzz Aldrin. The two astronauts were on fine form and were happy to answer questions and tell stories of their time in space. It was a fascinating and inspiring evening dining underneath the Endeavour while listening to the stories of Garrett and Buzz.
As a LA Corporate Event Photographer – this was such a unique and fascinating event to document. Here are some of the highlights of the evening to share with you.


Europe’s flagship robotic rover mission to Mars now looks certain to leave Earth in 2018, two years later than recently proposed, the BBC understands.
The ExoMars vehicle is intended to search the Red Planet for signs of past or present life.
The delay is the third for the mission originally planned to launch in 2011.
While the switch will disappoint many people, officials say the change will open up a greatly expanded programme of exploration at the Red Planet.
The European Space Agency (Esa) will now join forces at Mars with the US space agency (Nasa). The two organisations believe they can achieve far more by combining their expertise and budgets.
The basis for this approach was agreed at bilateral discussions in Plymouth, UK, last month.
Since then, scientists and engineers on both sides of the Atlantic have been working up the basic architecture for a series of missions in 2016, 2018 and 2020 (launch opportunities to Mars come up roughly every two years).


“To Infinity……yeah that pretty much covers it…”
I came across some videos yesterday from astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, one relating to the shutdown of NASA and one containing the most astounding fact as he sees it. These are definitely worth checking out.
The first video, embedded above, relates back to a previous post of mine. He has a slightly different, and rather profound, outlook on life and the universe. It honestly moved me, and resonated in my core. Statements like this seem to be passed over by most people, who choose to not think of such things, as if it’ll make them depressed at best, and break their sanity at worst. I personally believe that after the initial fear of that, the effects such things have are life altering…in a good way.
The second video, embedded below, is about the underfunding of the NASA program over the years, and the dreams that have been cast to the wayside as a result of it being shut down. I, for one, was incredibly saddened by the end of NASA. It had a HUGE impact on me as a child.
When I was younger, I (of course) wanted to be an Astronaut. I loved everything to do with space and the universe. I was a member of Young Astronauts, and watched the movie Space Camp dozens of times. My friend around the block and I would then re-enact the movie (mostly just the piloting and space stuff), using his parent’s bed and his Atari 2600 as the space shuttle and controls. I knew so much about NASA and the space program, and I still look at it with fondness and wonder. I ended up abandoning that dream due to my inability to keep up with the work and my lack of Einstein genius.
Now, my son appears to be following in my footsteps, so to speak. He’s in love with all things space related, and I had virtually no part in that. It’s just something that appeals to him innately. What makes me even more sad than the space program ending, is the fact that my son will never know the wonder and joy that it inspired. The dreams and imagination it encouraged. I’ll do my best to show him what I can, but without a destination or goal, like going to space camp, I fear it may just fade away. Still, I’ll continue to dream that one day it’ll come back, and he’ll get the same amount of good from it as I did, if it still appeals to him…


3d Airplane Race Simulator
What is 3d Airplane Race Simulator Game About?
All new 3D airplane race simulator is a fun air flight simulation game. Try your pilot flying skills buy flying your airplane through the rings to complete different levels. As you progress in the game you unlock new and cool airplanes with which you can do even more cool tricks. Can you complete all 20 levels and show that you have what it takes to be a great pilot? Get in the cockpit of your favorite plane and see if you have what it takes in this great flight simulation game!
How to play 3d Airplane Race Simulator game?
Mouse or Arrows = turn 1,2,3 = tricks A,D = rudder
Airplane Free Fly Simulator
Wild Race 3D
Airplane Fly Simulator
Airplane Flight 3D Simulator
Race The Traffic
Airplane Parking Mania Simulator 2019
Airplane Fly 3D Flight Plane
Kart Race 3D
Airplane Flying Simulator
Super 8 race
Airport Airplane Parking Game 3D
Drift Race 3D


Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
School of Science and Engineering
Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik
Tel. +354 5996379; Fax. +354 5996201
RU webpage: http://www.ru.is/haskolinn/starfsfolk/leifurth
Leifur's research interests are in the fields of aerodynamics, computational fluid dynamics, multidisciplinary design optimization, surrogate-based optimization, and engineering design of unmanned vehicles. Current research projects include aero/hydrodynamic optimization of streamlined surfaces, such as airfoils, wings, turbine blades, and underwater vehicles, as well as the development of unmanned vehicle systems, such as flapping-wing micro air vehicles, small unmanned meteorological observer (SUMO) aircraft, and autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles (see http://luv.ru.is/).
Full CV can be found here: http://www.ru.is/kennarar/leifurth/cv-LeifurLeifsson.pdf


Using the background knowledge presented in this lesson, students will
calculate two components of satellites, namely altitude and velocity.
This lesson is comprised of two main problems. In each problem,
students work in groups and use algebraic thinking to determine
solutions to the problems posed. Suggested methods for solving these
problems are described in detail. The teacher is encouraged to
highlight alternative methods for solving the problems as discovered by
students, when appropriate.
Weather satellites are important for collecting data about Earth.
These unmanned spacecraft carry a variety of sensory equipment that
scans Earth and electronically communicates the data back to scientists
on Earth. Two types of environmental satellite systems named for their
orbital characteristics, geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites,
provide the data for scientists to study our environment.
Geostationary satellites orbit at a speed that enables them to
remain constantly over the same area of Earth. This position provides
constant "viewing" of a specific area of Earth. The Geostationary
Operational Environmental Satellites are an important system for the
United States. These satellites are maneuvered into orbits that ensure
constant coverage of the Western Hemisphere. They continually produce
infrared images, weather charts, ice charts, and other data important
to the study of the environment.
Polar-orbiting satellites operate in orbits that cause them to
pass almost over the poles of the Earth. Many of these satellites
operate in Sun-synchronous orbits. The Sun-synchronous orbits are
designed so that the satellite passes over the same terrain at the same
time each day. This orbital feature is important for the collection of
data about Earth.
To simplify the notion of orbits for middle school students, the
orbit discussed in these activities are assumed to be circular. The
orbital period is the time required to complete one orbit around Earth.
Engage the class in a large-group discussion about the satellite
images they see on local television news broadcasts. In the discussion,
help the students distinguish among animations of Shuttle missions,
photographs from the Space Shuttle, pictures from remote robotic
explorations such as Pathfinder on Mars, Hubble Space Telescope images,
and satellite photographs of Earth. If possible, obtain a videotape of
a television weather report of a fast-moving storm that has been
tracked and shown in nearly real time. If the videotape cannot be
obtained, ask students to recall watching such events on television.
(Alternatively, students can use Internet resources to find video
As part of the discussion, ask students to speculate how the
television station obtained these images. Some students may know that
some TV weather graphics are made with satellite data.
This discussion can lead to an opportunity to present the
notions of geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites. The notion of
polar-orbiting satellites (those whose orbits take them above both
poles) may be easier for students to understand. They seem to
understand the notion of the ground track of polar-orbiting satellites.
The reason may be that the movement of these satellites is similar to
that of an airplane in the sky. Thus, presenting the polar-orbiting
notion first may be desirable. The class discussion will determine if
this seems appropriate.
Note: For computations in this lesson, we use 3.14 as the value of pi.
Pose the following question to the class: How do you determine the
velocity of a polar-orbiting satellite when the altitude and the period
of the orbit are known? For example, if a 750-mile high satellite
orbits Earth every 3 hours, 45 minutes, how fast is it traveling? That
is, what is the velocity of the satellite?
Allow the students to work in small groups to draw pictures of
the situation and attempt to think through the solution to the problem
without doing the actual computation. Encourage them to think about the
information they already know, and what information they need to solve
the problem. Students can record this information on their papers.
Once the group has a plan to compute the velocity of the satellite, have each student in the group determine the velocity.
Sample method for solving the example:
Step 1: Change 3 hours, 45 minutes to:
3 45/60 = 3¾ = 3.75 hours
Note that a fraction calculator can be used for this conversion.
The radius of an orbit is calculated from the center of the
Earth. Consequently, the radius of an orbit equals the radius of Earth
plus the altitude of the satellite above the Earth.
Step 2: According to the formula C = 2 × pi, the distance traveled is:
C = 2 × pi × (3960.5 + 750) ≈ 29,581 miles
Note: 3,960.5 miles is the radius of the Earth.
Step 3: The distance of the orbit (29,581 miles) is traveled each 3.75 hours. Therefore, the speed—or velocity—of the satellite is determined by dividing distance by time:
29,581 miles ÷ 3.75 hours ≈ 7,888 miles per hour
|Altitude above Earth ||Period ||Velocity |
|170 miles ||1.5 hours ||~17,293 mph |
|20,150 miles ||20 hours ||~7,570 mph |
When students are sharing solutions,
emphasize solutions' methods. Talk about the different approaches (if any) the students used to reach the same solution.
Pose the following question to the class: How do you find the
altitude of a geosynchronous satellite that is orbiting Earth above the
equator? The velocity of the satellite must be known. Using a value for
the velocity, we could ask, "If there is a satellite traveling at
6,900 miles per hour, how high must it be orbiting?"
This question is sometimes difficult for students because
there is only one number in the problem. Putting students into groups
to draw pictures and think about what is known about the problem will
usually help them identify all the pertinent data. Drawing pictures
will help their discussions.
One possible solution method:
Step 1: A geostationary satellite "orbits" the Earth once
every 24 hours. The time of the orbit is what makes it appear not to
move. It is moving in unison with Earth's rotation.
Step 2: If a satellite travels 6,900 miles in 1 hour, how far does it travel in the 1-day orbit (a period of one day)?
6,900 miles per hour × 24 hours = 165,600 miles
Step 3: 165,600 miles is the circumference (C) of a circle, and C = 2 × pi r. Therefore,
pi × r = 165,600 ÷ 2 = 82,800 miles
r = 82,800 ÷ pi ≈ 26,369 miles.
Step 4: 26,369 miles is the radius of a circle whose center
is the center of the Earth. To determine the satellite's altitude above
the surface of the Earth, the radius of Earth (3,960.5 miles) must be
subtracted from the radius of the circle. Therefore, the altitude above
the Earth is:
26,369 - 3,960.5 = 22,408.5 miles
Once again, it is important to have the students share their
solutions to this problem. They may see different methods for solving
this problem. When students share their thinking, some of their
classmates will gain new or heightened understanding of the lesson
Adapted from Orbiting Satellites in Mission Mathematics, Linking Aerospace and the NCTM Standards, a NASA/NCTM project, NCTM 1997. Images from Web sites are credited by inclusion of the URL and/or direct links to their source.