9 dead after sightseeing plane crashes near Alaska cliff
A sightseeing plane crashed in southeast Alaska Thursday, killing all nine people on board, according to the company that operates the tours.
The plane was carrying the pilot and eight passengers from Holland America Line who were on a sightseeing tour of the Misty Fjords, which they booked through the cruise line. "There are no survivors," the plane's operator, Promech Air, said in a statement..
The crash occurred around 12:20 PT, about 20 miles northeast of Ketchikan, Alaska, according to Holland America.
A helicopter spotted the wreckage of the plane, which had been reported missing, against against the granite rock face of a cliff, 800 feet above Ella Lake, but rain and wind prevented the recovery of the bodies from the crash site, located in rough terrain.
"The initial rescue crew that went in had a very tough time because of the terrain," Clint Johnson, head of the National Transportation Safety Board's Alaska office, told the Associated Press. "It's a very steep, mountainous area, and weather conditions caused them to stand down.'
Another attempt to reach the crash site will be made Friday, officials said.
Johnson it was too early to determine what caused the DeHavilland DHC-3 Otter turboprop to crash, including if the plane flew into the cliff.
The NTSB is sending its Alaska "go-team" to investigate the crash, the agency said in a tweet. The team will include three members from Alaska and at least two people from Washington, D.C., according to AP.
The Coast Guard was informedt around 2:15 p.m. that the plane was overdue, Petty Officer Lauren Steenson told AP. An emergency locator transmitter activated in the Misty Fjords National Monument helped searchers spot the downed plane.
"There is nothing I can say that can alleviate the pain and overwhelming sense of loss that we and the loved ones of those affected are feeling," Marcus Sessoms, president of Promech Air, said in statement. "At this moment, all of us share the pain and anguish of this terrible event. Our thoughts and our prayers go out to everyone touched by this tragedy."
The plane is one of five DeHavilland DHC-3 Otter turboprops operated by Promech Air, which is based in Ketchikan.
The passengers were on a on seven-day cruise aboard the Westerdam, which left Alaska on June 20, Holland America said.
"We are incredibly distressed by this situation, and our thoughts and prayers are with those onboard the plane and their families," the cruise line said in statement. "Holland America Line is extending its full support to traveling companions of the guests involved."
"To fully appreciate the vastness of the Misty Fjords National Monument, you must see it from the air," Holland America says in an advertisement for the excursion. "See sheer granite cliffs, 1,000-foot waterfalls, crystalline lakes and low-hanging mists on your flight from Tongass Narrows over Revillagigedo Island to Misty Fjords."
The names of the victims are being withheld until their families have been notified.
Таньд манай мэдээ, мэдээлэл таалагдаж байвал "LIKE" дарж бидэнтэй нэгдээрэй


A date for history
April 12, 1961 dawned like any other day. There was nothing to suspect that this date would mark the beginning of the era of manned space travel. Unbeknownst to the rest of the world, preparations were under way in a remote part of the Kazakh steppe to launch a spaceship with "Cosmonaut No. 1". Like the exact location of the Tyura-Tam Cosmodrome (later known as Baikonur), its identity was top secret. The protagonist of the feat would be a young 27-year-old Soviet pilot named Yuri Alexeievich Gagarin, born into a humble family of Kolkhoz farmers.
A rocket awaited the cosmonaut on the same ramp from where an R-1957 Semyorka missile ("seven" in Russian) had taken off almost four years earlier (7) with the first artificial satellite in history, the famous Sputnik 1. In fact, the rocket was a variant of the venerable and robust Semyorka to which a third stage had been added to increase its payload. Its official designation was 8K82K, but it would be known by the same name as the spacecraft it was supposed to put into orbit, Vostok ("East" in Russian).
While the launcher was preparing for takeoff, Gagarin and his deputy, Gherman Titov, slept a couple of kilometers away in a small cabin. Or rather, they made them sleep, because the cosmonauts had been unable to sleep all night. At 5:30 a.m. in Moscow, the doctors woke up the two men. After breakfast and a final medical examination, they donned their striking orange Sokol SK-1 pressure suits to facilitate rescue operations. At 6 am they met Grigori Nelyubov - the third alternate cosmonaut - and headed for the launch pad aboard a small bus. The rocket was already loaded with fuel, ready to go. There, the legendary Chief Engineer, Sergey Korolev, responsible for the Vostok program and creator of the R-30 rocket, awaited them.
The first trip
This first space trip would be very short and would consist of a single orbit around the Earth. The Vostok flew over the southern regions of South America and headed towards the African continent. Forty minutes after take-off, the vehicle's automatic guidance system kicked into gear, lining up the spacecraft in the opposite direction to orbital advance in anticipation of the impending braking ignition. While flying over Africa and while it was still about five thousand miles from its landing site, the Vostok fired its small TDU engine to slow down. Not much, but enough so that its trajectory now intersected the higher layers of the atmosphere.
The power-up goes off without a hitch, but Gagarin soon realizes that something is wrong. The spherical capsule (SA) in which it is located should have separated from the service module (PA) shortly after the end of the braking maneuver, but the expected separation does not take place. If the spacecraft enters the atmosphere at 28.000 km / h with the service module still attached, the capsule will be seriously damaged, probably killing its passenger. Gagarin feels the Vostok spinning rapidly around all its axes as the atmospheric friction begins to make itself felt. It's a life or death situation, but Yuri remains calm. The temperature outside increases rapidly, as does the deceleration. Fortunately, ten minutes after braking, the reentry heat eventually melts the fasteners that held the sphere to the service module. The capsule, finally free, is automatically oriented so that its heat shield can cope with the almost 3.000ºC temperature. Surrounded by a ball of plasma, Gagarin now feels the deceleration (negative acceleration) increase progressively until his weight is eight times the usual. But the young pilot is undeterred. His training has prepared him for this occasion.
At the end of the critical reentry phase, the spacecraft continues in free fall through the atmosphere. At seven kilometers up, the rear hatch of the capsule is separated by the action of several explosive bolts and immediately afterwards Gagarin is ejected in his seat by the action of several thrusters. Next, Yuri's parachute unfolds, initiating a slow descent to the ground. Gagarin can see a large river in the distance, so he correctly assumes that it must be the Volga. Just at that moment, the duffel bag with the emergency parachute comes off unexpectedly, hanging at his feet. Yuri fears for a moment that the secondary parachute will open and entangle with the main parachute, but nothing happens and she breathes calmly again. Due to the late separation from the service module, the landing site differs significantly from that expected, so there is no rescue team waiting for you. But Gagarin doesn't care. As he descends, he knows that the hardest part of the mission is over. The weather is magnificent: a wonderful sunny spring day welcomes the first cosmonaut as he makes a soft landing at 11:00 a.m. on April 12, 1961. Gagarin doesn't know it yet, but he has made landfall near Smelovka, a small town in the Saratov region.
After 60 years
Now, after 60 years, space research plays an increasingly important role for all of humanity. The Soviet Union has always advocated the peaceful use of outer space as an exclusive area of cooperation, and Russia honors that tradition by maintaining extensive international ties in the area of the peaceful exploration and use of outer space.
On March 30, 2021, within the framework of the meeting of the co-chairs of the Russia-Venezuela high-level Intergovernmental Commission, the Intergovernmental Agreement on Cooperation in the Exploration and Peaceful Use of Outer Space was signed, which would open up new opportunities for the scientific-technical cooperation between Russia and Venezuela. This legal instrument not only confirms the aspiration of our countries to maintain outer space as an area of peaceful cooperation but also implies several mutually beneficial practical aspects.
The potential for cooperation under the agreement represents a wide range of possibilities for the application of complex space technologies in everyday life. It involves the installation of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) station, development in the field of remote sensing, telecommunications, etc. Most importantly, these technologies will help make the most advanced infrastructure, the most stable connection and our lives more secure.
The objectives of space exploration and the peaceful uses of outer space are beneficial grounds for fruitful international cooperation in which countries large and small can participate effectively. The number of tasks in outer space exploration cannot be covered by a single country, whatever its scientific or technical level. The aim is to maintain outer space as an exclusive sphere of peaceful investigation, of joint exploration for the common good and not to carry the old conflicts and prejudices in the rocket queues, turning the universe into a battlefield for geopolitical selfish interests.


In search of new ways to prevent unwanted casualties on the battlefield and do proper recon, the US Special Forces are testing a tiny, bug-like drone that could change the way the military approaches an unknown battlefield.
The PD-100 Black Hornet 2, to us, a drone, weighs only 18 grams and features a camera an onboard camera that allows users to scope a desired target safely. The drone can fly up to 25 minutes with a range of about 2 miles and features as well, a thermal camera.
This latest invention has been designed by the Norwegian company Prox Dynamics, that is originally funded by the founder of the better know, Blade Runner indoor toy helicopter. The stealth device is also packed with GPS technology allowing it to autonomously fly with its GPS autopilot system to a desired coordinate.
Though we wish we could get our hands on one ourselves, the sticker price for one of these hornets is around $40,000. Though this drone may have many uses, we hope that its end goal would be to save many valuable lives on and off the battlefield.


Airbus SE could cooperate even further with Bombardier Inc further than a current enterprise in the CSeries jets, if its fighter jet is permitted to compete in a Canadian military procurement, and its associates concur, an executive mentioned on Wednesday.
OTTAWA/MONTREAL: Airbus SE could cooperate even further with Bombardier Inc further than a current enterprise in the CSeries jets, if its fighter jet is permitted to compete in a Canadian military procurement, and its associates concur, an executive mentioned on Wednesday.
Canada mentioned final year it will launch an open up level of competition to change its getting old fleet of fighter jets and a ask for for proposal for the open up level of competition is expected in 2019.
Dirk Hoke, main executive of Airbus Defense and Area, mentioned the Eurofighter Storm fighter jet could be an selection for even further collaboration with Bombardier, though he did not specify even further.
“We will absolutely also appear at additional possible even further cooperation with Bombardier further than just the CSeries,” Hoke told Reuters on the sidelines of an Ottawa aerospace meeting, adding that he was “very optimistic and positive about us entering this level of competition.”
Airbus final month agreed to get a the vast majority stake in Bombardier’s CSeries jets method, bolstering the Canadian plane’s income and offering it a probable way out of a detrimental trade dispute with Boeing Co and U.S. regulators.
The CSeries trade dispute has muddied a possible interim military deal in between Boeing and Canada for 18 Super Hornet fighter jets, developing new opportunities for rivals like Airbus, Dassault Aviation SA and Lockheed Martin.
Boeing and Canada experienced originally mentioned getting the fighters as a quit-gap evaluate although the nation organized an open up five-year level of competition to change its getting old fleet of seventy seven Boeing CF-18 fighter jets. Canada has halted talks with Boeing since of the dispute.
Hoke mentioned Airbus is not considering jumping into the interim bid for fighter jets and is ready to see the details from the Canadian federal government on the open up level of competition.
“Ideal now, we have a very positive feeling about it but of training course we have to see … what (are) the specs that have been ultimately defined and verified.”
In 2016, Canada chosen Airbus C295W plane for its fixed-wing search and rescue method, approximated at CUS$3 billion (US$two.36 billion).
Boeing has accused Bombardier of obtaining unlawful subsidies and dumping the CSeries at “absurdly lower” costs in the U.S. current market to win a critical April 2016 buy from Delta Air Lines Inc . The U.S. Commerce Section has notched up proposed trade duties on U.S. income of CSeries jets at approximately three hundred per cent, in a scenario that will be made a decision future year at the International Trade Commission.
(Reporting By Leah Schnurr and Allison Lampert. Additional reporting by David Ljunggren in Ottawa Enhancing by Chizu Nomiyama)


Fully CASA Certified since 2010
Choppercam is fully certified by CASA and carries full PL insurance.
Choppercam is Australias first commercial multirotor operator certified by CASA
At Choppercam we use only the latest technology and strive to keep our technology up to date.
We are currently using a DJI S800 Hexacopter which lifts a Sony NEX5R camera and is capable of flying for 12 minutes at a height of 400 feet. To keep within the regulations we fly within 100meters of our take off point to enable us to fly line of sight. We have a seperate camera operator who has full control of the camer via a transmitter and has full vision on the ground via a TV screen.


Project Caesar is a joint collaboration between the Federation Science Corps, the Federation Space Agency, and its allies. The purpose of Project Caesar is sci-fi-inspired technologies such as warp jump, spacefighters, spaceships, etc. Project Caesar also includes space guns, ion cannons, and others.
Project Caesar is a joint collaboration between the United Earth Federation Science Corps, the United Earth Federation Space Agency, and its allies that focuses all personnel on space operations. Admiral Calliope has ordered this project to begin and thereby allows all available resources to be used.
Here are the list of objects, locations, plans, and notes that are listed here.
|FKE-023||Station Sierra, Atlantic Ocean||Research of space travel, space stations, and colonies.||United Earth Federation|
|FKE-109||Station India, Indian Ocean||Research of warp-jump, the hypothetical faster-than-light propulsion system.||United Earth Federation|
|FKE-019||Ural Mountains, Russian Federation||Research of Colossal-class ion cannons for orbital bombardment.||United Earth Federation||Assisted by the Russian Federation|
|FKE-007||Area 51, United States of America||Purpose of space technology for personnel.||United Earth Federation||Assisted by American scientists.|
|UEF Space Port, New York||New York Military Shipyards||Purpose of training of personnel for space warfare.||UEF Armed Forces|


Aerospace industry materials and production technology are changing rapidly and continuously. The use of difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium and carbon fibre reinforced plastic has increased due to the weight reduction demands of the industry, along with aluminium alloys.
Canela works closely with customers to deliver tools that meet stringent requirements and high safety standards, achieving much higher speeds and feed rates, along with increases in the available power, in order to achieve consistent results and a longer tool life.
In aerospace machining, companies need to deliver parts with high precision, accuracy and speed. Each component of an airplane must have the correct dimensions and at the same time contribute to reduce the aircraft’s weight and meet the latest standards for durability and safety.
Canela has developed solutions to address the growing demand for improved machining solutions for aerospace parts. These solutions provide our customers with tremendous competitive advantages to produce high-quality parts with high accuracy, reduced cycle times, and optimum cost per part. Our long-standing experience in providing competitive machining solutions for aerospace machining, together with our innovative capabilities and desire to improve our solutions continually, are all reasons this is possible. Learn how Canela provide you with both time and resource savings when machining aerospace parts.
In aerospace machining, lightweight resistant material are used. Lightweight material reduces the weight of the aircraft, improves the fuel economy and maintains safety. Both aluminum and titanium are used for those parts.
- Eliminate Traditional Ceramics Limitations.
- Depth-of-cut notching is no longer a limitation for SiAlON ceramics. When notching is severe, primarily with roughing cuts, tougher ceramic grades are applied.
From the hand sketch to the precision product! As a tool supplier and developer, we address the special tool requirements of our aerospace customers and construct them as custom-made products according to customer specifications and our know-how.


Hotol - a breakthrough in space technology
More than half a century after the launch of the first rocket, space flights are very expensive.
Starting each spacecraft is worth millions of dollars. After that, the rocket turns into garbage and pollute the biosphere of our planet. single-flight technology has not changed since 1960. British engineer Allan Bond invented a new concept of space travel and is in step of its implementation.
Central to this concept takes the spacecraft horizontal take-off and landing - HOTOL. The main difference from the rocket is in its engines. HOTOL not carries a heavy fuel tanks, and receiving oxygen and hydrogen from the atmosphere. And only after reaching 28 kilometers starts using domestic fuel supplies.
According to Bond's first flight could take place in 2018. Experts estimate that one flight will cost about 94 million. Dollars. And the spacecraft will be reused. This will reduce the cost of repairs to the International Space Station and to reduce the cost of delivery of satellites into orbit.
But Bond believes that his offspring could be used for colonization of nearby planets and distant corners of space research.


Burke, James D. Formerly, Spacecraft Systems Engineering, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.
Last reviewed:February 2019
Show previous versions
- Body properties
- Large-scale surface features
- Small-scale surface features
- Lunar resources
- Related Primary Literature
- Additional Reading
The Earth's natural satellite. The Moon is a solid body orbiting our planet and is by far the brightest object in the night sky (Fig. 1). Many nations including the United States, China, members of the European Space Agency, India, Japan and Russia have all sent spacecraft that have orbited or landed on the Moon. The Apollo missions undertaken by the American government in the late 1960s and early 1970s represent the only times humans have visited the Moon. The Apollo crews landed, walked and roved upon the lunar surface, bringing back 382 kg (842 lb) of Moon rocks for study on Earth. After a long hiatus, significant interest has resumed in humans returning to and perhaps eventually residing upon the Moon. See also: Astronautics; Lunar and planetary mining technology; Space probe
The content above is only an excerpt.
for your institution. Subscribe
To learn more about subscribing to AccessScience, or to request a no-risk trial of this award-winning scientific reference for your institution, fill in your information and a member of our Sales Team will contact you as soon as possible.
to your librarian. Recommend
Let your librarian know about the award-winning gateway to the most trustworthy and accurate scientific information.
AccessScience provides the most accurate and trustworthy scientific information available.
Recognized as an award-winning gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is an amazing online resource that contains high-quality reference material written specifically for students. Contributors include more than 10,000 highly qualified scientists and 46 Nobel Prize winners.
MORE THAN 8700 articles covering all major scientific disciplines and encompassing the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology and McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology
115,000-PLUS definitions from the McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms
3000 biographies of notable scientific figures
MORE THAN 19,000 downloadable images and animations illustrating key topics
ENGAGING VIDEOS highlighting the life and work of award-winning scientists
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY and additional readings to guide students to deeper understanding and research
LINKS TO CITABLE LITERATURE help students expand their knowledge using primary sources of information


Rescue Squadron Support Services
Metro Professional Services is currently performing under the Rescue Squadron Support Services contract at both Davis-Monthan AFB, AZ & Nellis AFB, NV. Our efforts support the mission of the Air Force’s Rescue Squadrons (RQS) in areas of mission/asset scheduling, mobility/deployment, and administration. We are seeking qualified individuals to bolster our candidate pool for the various positions on this contract.
This contract provides all personnel, transportation, equipment, labor, supervision, tools, and expertise to provide Personnel Support Services for the 79th Rescue Squadron (79 RQS), 55th Rescue Squadron (55 RQS), and 48th Rescue Squadron (48RQS) at Davis-Monthan AFB (DMAFB), AZ, and the 66th Rescue Squadron (66 RQS), 563d Operation Support Squadron (563rd OSS) and 58th Rescue Squadron (58 RQS) at Nellis AFB (NAFB), NV.
HS Diploma as a minimum, some specialized Air Force training is desired.
We have the following positions at Davis-Monthan AFB: Current Operations Schedulers, Unit Deployment Managers, Supply Managers & Vehicle Control Officers. These positions are located at the various Rescue Squadrons at both bases, and therefore it’s desired that prospective candidates have a background in the Rescue arena. For a detailed Performance Work Statement (PWS), which lists the duties & requirements for each position, please submit your resume through this website. All positions require an active DoD Secret or Top Secret clearance depending on the position.
We are currently accepting resumes from qualified candidates to fill future openings at this time, but we currently do not have any openings at this time. Please apply by submitting your resume to [email protected]. From there, we will send you the Performance Work Statement (PWS) for the contract to provide you with further information regarding the position.


Bombardier MRO Services provides innovative after-market aircraft support for Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier and Shorts
We specialise in
- Aircraft Parts Sales
- Innovative Component Repairs
- Technical Publications
- OEM Engineering Support
- Pilot and Engineer Training
Over 100 Years of Pioneering Aviation
We are proud to trace our company's roots to the beginning of aviation. Formed in 1908, by the Short brothers, the company won the first aircraft production contract for six Wright flyers. That initial contract led the Short brothers to be called "the first manufacturers of aircraft in the world".
In 1989, Short Brothers plc was acquired by the global transportation company, Bombardier. Today we combine our aviation heritage with more than 45 years' experience in direct-to-operator support. Support that keeps you flying.
Bombardier MRO Services has two dedicated facilities: Belfast, Northern Ireland and Dallas, Texas, USA. Find out more about our locations.
In addition to our dedicated MRO facilities, our parts are strategically placed within warehouses in North America, Europe and Asia to ensure your component is available when and where you need. it.
Worldwide Support Network
Bombardier MRO Services is a key division of Bombardier Aerospace.
The world’s third largest civil aircraft manufacturer, Bombardier is a leader in the design and manufacture of innovative aviation products and services for the business, commercial and amphibious aircraft markets. Headquartered in Montréal, Canada, Bombardier Aerospace employs more than 29,000 people worldwide (as of July 31, 2010) - some 5,000 of whom are based in Belfast.
Bombardier Aerospace, Belfast
Bombardier MRO Services, is an integral part of Bombardier Aerospace, Belfast.
This site has more than 100 years aviation experience. From design through manufacture to after-market support, Bombardier Aerospace, Belfast provides major aircraft structures and engine nacelles in metal and advanced composites.
Bombardier MRO Services leverages this extensive design and manufacturing expertise to provide comprehensive after-sales support for a range of Airbus, Boeing and Bombardier aircraft as part of the Bombardier Customer Services division.
Bombardier Customer Services
This dynamic global network provides a worldwide service infrastructure working round-the-clock to keep your aircraft flying. Your satisfaction is our number one priority and we focus our efforts on exceeding your expectations at every opportunity.
From contract signing to transition into service, we work with you on fleet performance, training, technical publication, spares support and other services to provide an amazing customer experience.
Our teams partner with operators, work collaboratively across internal functional groups and liaise with our suppliers to support the reliable and efficient operation of your Bombardier Commercial aircraft fleet.
Bombardier MRO Services
We are the OEM for a range of components on Airbus, Boeing and Bombardier aircraft and can leverage our manufacturing experience in Belfast as well as the after-sales expertise of Bombardier Customer Services to bring an innovative, global service to you.
Talk to Us, We'd Love to Talk to You
If you have any questions, comments or queries, please do not hesitate to contact us directly today by calling +44 (0)28 9073 3733 or email us at email@example.com.


When you look at the growth in space launches over the past decade, it’s amazing how quickly humanity has increased the number of payloads delivered into orbit.
Utilizing the latest and most advanced manufacturing technology, space startups have made it affordable to fly payloads into space with new, upgraded and improved launch vehicles.
These launch vehicles deliver payloads into space for far less than the rockets we saw in the 1970s and 1980s. For many modern rocket engines, the cost of getting a kilogram into orbit has fallen by as much as 90%. Many of these cost improvements are made possible by new manufacturing techniques. Others are made possible by new designs. The best orbital launch systems use both.
However, what many may not realize is that 3D printing plays a huge role in manufacturing next-generation rocket engines. These are not the consumer-focused plastic 3D printers that many are familiar with. Instead, some of today’s most advanced rockets feature complex geometries that provide a real performance improvement and are made of exquisite 3D printed metal alloys primarily developed for aerospace applications.
Almost every new aerospace company is using 3D printing to produce critically important components. Some applications include turbo pumps, fuel injectors, heat exchangers, and regeneratively cooled thrust chambers and nozzles. Even traditional space organizations, such as NASA, are exploring 3D printing to drive innovation.
It’s safe to say that 3D printing plays an important role in humanity’s desire to explore space, colonize Mars, and become a multi-planetary species.
What 3D metal printing allows aeronautical engineers is the ability to produce parts without compromising their design for manufacturability. Often, engineers are required to change their most performance-optimizing designs simply because they are too complex or too expensive to reliably produce using traditional manufacturing techniques.
With 3D printing of metals, engineers are freed from these limitations.
However, this technology is used not only to produce engines, but also to create components for spacecraft and satellites.
Launcher, an aerospace startup based in Hawthorne, California, is a prime example of a company using 3D printing for both rocket engines and spacecraft.
Earlier this month, the company successfully launched the Orbiter satellite transport vehicle aboard SpaceX’s Transporter-6 mission.
The vehicle was developed to accurately put satellites into orbit at the lowest price. Previously, accomplishing this task required a dedicated launch that could cost up to 10 times as much as a flight-share launch.
Orbiter used a large number of 3D printed parts from F357 aluminum, 6AI-4V titanium, and Inconel 718 (a nickel superalloy capable of operating at very high temperatures). 3D printed parts were chosen because of the ability of 3D printing to improve performance or reduce part lead time. These parts can be seen in this drawing.
- Tanks (Titanium 6AI-4V): Multi-purpose tanks used as primary and secondary structures as well as thrust tanks printed as one part without internal supports.
- Thruster Bracket (F357 aluminum): This holds the thruster manifold assembly.
- Thruster Manifold (Aluminium F357): Used for attitude control and station keeping,
Fueling Orbiter Engine.
- Orbital Engine Injector (Inconel® 718): Mixes the propellant to be burned in the engine
- Orbital engine chambers (Inconel® 718): The main engine used to change orbit to position
Oriber to properly place payloads into specific orbits.
- Thrust Structure (Titanium 6AI-4V): Supports orbital motor and gimbal assembly.
- Spring Housing (Titanium 6AI-4V): Hold the springs for a detachable system that
Orbiter connects to the launch vehicle.
- Star Camera Baffle (F357 Aluminum): Used for precision navigation to keep the Orbiter in place
Through 3D printing, Launcher was able to replicate and rapidly shorten the development time of this satellite transport vehicle. This kind of rapid iteration is one of the biggest benefits of using 3D printing to develop space applications.
Instead of developing new tools for modified parts, you simply change the design file and print a new version. After designs are finalized, metal 3D printing allows the company to ramp up production quickly, too.
In the next decade, 3D printing of metals will be one of the biggest drivers of innovation in space. Launcher is a prime example of how technology can help companies make a big impact on society – and that doesn’t stop with Orbiter. The Launcher also uses Velo3D’s 3D metal printing solutions to produce critical components for the E2 rocket engine, the closed-cycle combustion engine that powers the first stage of the light launch vehicle.
This highly efficient engine enables a small, low-cost rocket to carry a relatively large amount of payload.
When humanity eventually reaches Mars, it will be possible because of the 3D printed parts.
By Dr. Zack Murphree, Velo3d


by Mary Francis, email@example.com. Posted on October 2, 2013, Wednesday
HISTORIC MOMENT: Ngau (third left) admires a picture of Viking Series 400 presented to him by Mohd Nawawi (third right).
MIRI: Bario created history and earned pride when it was selected by community airline MASwings as the centre for the launching of its new aircraft – Twin Otter Viking Series 400.
Telang Usan assemblyman Dennis Ngau represented Minister of Tourism Datuk Amar Abang Johari Tung Openg to officiate at the special ceremony held at the village’s multi-purpose hall.
The Viking Series 400 is one of the six new aircraft added to MASwings in an effort to increase flight frequencies to the rural areas in Sarawak and Sabah.
MASwings chief executive officer Datuk Captain Mohd Nawawi Awang said the company took delivery of the aircraft from Victoria, Canada on Aug 2, 2013 and began its operation on Sept 16 in conjunction with Sarawak’s 50th anniversary of independence within Malaysia.
The aircraft departed Victoria on Aug 10, heading up to Alaska, over the Bearing Sea to Eastern Russia. From there, it started to head out to South Korea, Taiwan and The Philippines before arriving in Kota Kinabalu after a journey of eight days.
“Above all, we are most proud with our pilot, Captain Stefanus Angkom, an Iban from Saratok who conducted the ferry flight all the way from Canada to Kota Kinabalu.
“To me, this is not just another new aircraft, but to be flown by our own native and delivered to our community is another historic moment that will be cherished,” Mohd Nawawi proudly announced.
According to Mohd Nawawi, the second aircraft was now on its way from Canada and was expected to arrive in a few days’ time, while the third was expected to arrive in early November.
With these new aircraft, MASwings would cease the use of the old aircraft which would have been operating for more than 20 years by the quarter of next year.
He said the new aircraft would be used to connect the rural communities, especially in Sarawak and Sabah, in tandem with MASwings responsibility as a community airline to provide air service to the interior such as Bario in the highlands of Borneo.
With the new aircraft, he also said they would be able to increase flight frequencies to the rural areas and meet the demand for more flights during festive seasons like Christmas, Easter and `Pesta Nukenen’ (Cultural and Food Festival).
Rurum Kelabit Sarawak (RKS) deputy president councillor Robert Ayu and vice chairman Dr Roland Dom Mattu and community chiefs were among those present to witness the launching ceremony.


Visit our page on AirNav for additional FAA and airport operations information, including communications frequencies, navigational aides, runway information, and instrument approach procedures.
Phone: (302) 855-2355
Fax: (302) 855-9378
21553 Rudder Lane, Georgetown, Delaware 19947, United States
08:00 am – 06:00 pm
After hours services available ($)


BGM 100LL Self-Serve Avgas
Located on the North-Ramp by Hangar 1
This Self-Serve Avgas Station is a brand new operation here at BGM. This system is owned and operated by the Broome County Department of Aviation. Their mission is to provide quality and competitively priced Avgas fuel to General Aviation Aircraft tenants and transient. If you require assistance fueling or would like a training of how to use the self-serve system, please reach out to our Airport Operations before your arrival.
For updates on pricing please visit our Airnav information page here:
A multifaceted aviation services company offering flight training and aircraft rental, aircraft sales, and aviation maintenance services.
Goodrich Aviation offers a Pilot Education Center which offers flight training for those interested in a career in aviation. Located in our Hangar’s, Goodrich features aircraft well-equipped with modern technology and a staff of friendly, professional instructors who will work around your schedule.
Want to learn more? Check out their website or contact the Owner, Doug Goodrich.
AeroTechniquesProviding flight instruction since 1981, AeroTechniques offers professional training for Private, Commercial, Instrument, and Flight Instructor Certificates and Ratings. AeroTechniques also offers:
- Tail-wheel, complex, high performance flight reviews
- Specific make and model proficiency training
- Stall/spin training
- Formation flying
The Greater Binghamton Airport offers charter services and aircraft management through international business aviation group, Gama Aviation. Gama Aviation (GA) specializes in aircraft management, executive charter, corporate shuttles, aircraft sales, and aircraft acquisitions. GA’s headquarters are located at Sikorsky Memorial Airport in Stratford, CT., with operating bases in Teterboro, NJ, West Palm Beach, FL, Binghamton, NY and more.
GA’s combined fleet numbers over 60 aircrafts ranging in size from Boeing Business Jets to Citation Jets and Helicopters. GA’s relocation to the Greater Binghamton Airport brought a handful of employees to our airport with two additional business jet aircrafts bringing the total aircrafts based in Binghamton to three. Their BGM fleet now consists of two light jet Citation 2 aircrafts and one mid-sized jet Hawker 800Xp Aircraft.
Gama’s location at BGM puts them in a more viable and centralized point for their clients in the Upstate NY area. Plus BGM is only a 36 minute flight from the NY Metropolitan area allowing them to provide competitive charter services in NYC.
For more information please visit their website. Or contact their General Manager, Jamie Baciuska
- Dynamic prop balancing
- Nicad battery service
- STC Installations
- Weight and Balance
- 50 hour, 100 hour, Annual, Progressive inspections
- Pre-purchase inspections
- Sheet metal repair
- Insurance claims
Quality workmanship is the standard at the Goodrich Aviation Maintenance Center. No matter what your maintenance needs are, our technicians will deliver the skill and craftsmanship to get the job done to the highest industry standards. Specializing in the technically advanced Columbia/Corvalis and other Cessna models. Piper, Beechcraft, Mooney, and Socata aircraft also serviced with the highest quality.
Our staff specializes in installing major modifications including electric de-icing and air conditioning systems, BRS Parachute systems, auxiliary fuel systems, STOL and performance enhancement systems and some avionics.


Verity has established itself as the world’s leading provider of autonomous indoor drones having conducted hundreds of thousands of fully autonomous flights. Verity has developed a unique system of autonomous drones that interact with each other. The failsafe seamless orchestration of these drones has been validated in over 100 venues around the world. They have been used in no-drone restricted zones including airports and stadiums, have flown above the heads of global stars such as Metallica and Céline Dion, and are protected by a large patent portfolio. The system is now being applied to the fast-growing warehouse automation sector with clients such as IKEA. Drones control stock and identify empty space or misplaced items. This reduces costs and human errors while improving workplace safety, and provides valuable insights within the industrial workplace. Verity was founded by Prof. Raffaello D'Andrea, an expert in dynamic systems and controls. In 2012, he had a successful exit when his previous startup Kiva Systems was sold to Amazon for USD 775 million, Amazon's second-biggest acquisition until then.
Wanted field of studies


Guidance to Drill of Air and Anti-Aircraft Force
A drill of raiding and repairing an airfield was staged by the Air and Anti-Aircraft Force of the Korean People’s Army amid the intensified combat drills of all the service personnel to wipe out the US imperialists and their stooges hell-bent on war exercises against the DPRK.
The drill was aimed to check and confirm under simulated conditions of an actual war the distribution of air forces to be involved in raiding “enemy” airfield, their striking procedures and methods, bombing and shooting art of pilots, the powers of various air weapons and the ability for repairing destroyed airfield.
Involved in it were fighter, raider and bomber wings under the Guards 1st Air and Anti-Aircraft Division and the 5th Flight Division of the KPA Air and Anti-Aircraft Force.
After being briefed at an observation post on the decision made by the commander of the KPA Air and Anti-Aircraft Force to carry out the task of striking the “enemy” airfield, the Supreme Commander gave an order to start the drill.
Various types of mine bombs were successively dropped in a brief span of time on the “enemy” airfield in the wake of raiding on its depot, commanding post and runways by use of rocket gun shells and unguided rockets.
Watching the fighters dealing intensive strikes at important posts of the “enemy” airfield, the Supreme Commander said with great satisfaction that such strikes would utterly shock the enemy forces and praised the pilots for their perfect and thrilling strike.
Then, followed a drill for repairing the destroyed airfield.
After the drill,
He said that all the fighter pilots should make a steady and profound study of the Juche-based flying combat method, guerrilla-style war method and conduct intensified flight training to acquire a high level of aeronautics, bombing art and marksmanship and get fully familiar with practical war methods and actions.
Stressing the need to reject formalism and stereotyped patterns and steadily improve contents and forms under the Party’s training-first slogan and thus bring about a turn in raising the quality of flight training, he repeatedly urged all the air units to make the high-intensity training part of daily life and a habit.


Spanish airline Iberia has named its latest Airbus A330-200 “La Habana”, to mark the 70th anniversary of its first flights to Latin America, the company reported on April 4.
The aircraft, which will carry the name of the Cuban capital on its front – just under the pilot’s cabin – is the third of its kind acquired by the company, the first to fly to Latin America from Europe since World War II.
In the past year and a half, Iberia has placed orders for 29 long-haul aircraft, of which 13 are Airbus A330-200 aircraft, like the most recently acquired, due to be delivered in installments through March 2018.
In order to renew and expand its long-haul fleet, the airline will also incorporate 16 state-of-the-art Airbus A350-900 aircraft, which it will receive between 2018 and 2021, according to a press release.
Seven decades later, Iberia is the leading company in Latin America, with over 250 scheduled flights operating per week to 20 destinations in 15 countries of the region.
Havana was one of the first destinations in the continent to be offered by the airline, and its operations with Cuba began in 1949.
Following a stoppage of two years, in June 2015 Iberia resumed its flights to the country and, in the space of just 12 months, the company is due to increase its operations from five to seven weekly flights, the press release highlighted.
Beginning June 1, Spain’s flagship airline will offer daily connections to the Cuban capital.


The Airbus A340 is a medium- to long-range wide-body four-engine jet airliner made by Airbus.
Airbus A-340 Wide-body
The Airbus A340 is a long-range, four-engine, wide-body commercial passenger jet airliner that was developed and produced by the European aerospace company Airbus. The A340 was assembled in Toulouse, France. It seats up to 375 passengers in the standard variants and 440 in the stretched -600 series. Depending on the model, it has a range of 6,700 to 9,000 nautical miles (12,400 to 16,700 km; 7,700 to 10,400 mi). Its distinguishing features are four high-bypass turbofan engines and three-bogie main landing gear.
The A340 was manufactured in four fuselage lengths. The initial variant, A340-300, which entered service in 1993, measured 63.69 metres (209.0 ft). The shorter -200 was developed next, and the A340-600 was a 15.96 metres (52.4 ft) stretch of the -200. The -600 was developed alongside the shorter A340-500, which would become the longest-range commercial airliner until the arrival of the Boeing 777-200LR. The -200 and -300 models were powered by the 151 kilonewtons (34,000 lbf) CFM56-5C, while the 267-kilonewton (60,000 lbf) Rolls-Royce Trent 500 was the exclusive powerplant for the extended-range -500 and -600 models. The initial A340-200 and -300 variants share the fuselage and wing of the twin-engine Airbus A330 with which it was concurrently designed. The heavier A340-500 and -600 are stretched and have enlarged wings.
"Your exciting Journey into digital world of aviation starts "
You are definitely intrigued to discover Airbus A340.
Launch customers Lufthansa and Air France placed the A340 into service in March 1993. In September 2011, 379 orders had been placed (not including private operators), of which 375 were delivered. The most common type were the A340-300 model, with 218 aircraft delivered. Lufthansa is the biggest operator of the A340, having acquired 59 aircraft. The A340 is used on long-haul, trans-oceanic routes due to its immunity from ETOPS restrictions; however, with reliability and fuel efficiency in engines improving, airlines have gradually phased out the type in favour of more economical twinjets of comparable capacity such as the Boeing 777, while Airbus has positioned the larger variants of the Airbus A350 as a successor. Airbus announced on 10 November 2011 that A340 production had been concluded.
Airbus A330 Wide-body
The first A340, a -200, was delivered to Lufthansa on 2 February 1993 and entered service on 15 March. The 228-seat airliner was named Nürnberg. The first A340-300, the 1000th Airbus, was delivered to Air France on 26 February, the first of nine it planned to operate by the end of the year. Air France replaced the Boeing 747 with the A340 on Paris–Washington D.C., flying four times weekly. Lufthansa intended to replace aging DC-10s with the A340s on Frankfurt–New York services.
Primary users Lufthansa
South African Airways
Number built 388 as of 31 May 2018
Program cost $3.5 billion (with A330, 2001 dollars)[
Airbus A340 Wide-body
The Airbus A330 is a medium- to long-range wide-body twin-engine jet airliner made by Airbus. Versions of the A330 have a range of 5,000 to 13,430 kilometres (2,700 to 7,250 nmi; 3,110 to 8,350 mi) and can accommodate up to 335 passengers in a two-class layout or carry 70 tonnes (154,000 lb) of cargo.


Lucky Store extends warm congratulations to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for the remarkable success of Chandrayaan 3, the latest milestone in India's space exploration journey. We are thrilled to join the global community in celebrating this extraordinary achievement, which represents a giant leap forward in unraveling the mysteries of our cosmic neighbor.
1. Acknowledging Excellence
Lucky Store takes immense pride in congratulating ISRO on the triumphant Chandrayaan 3 mission. This accomplishment demonstrates the dedication, innovation, and unwavering commitment of ISRO's scientists and engineers.
2. Journey to Lunar Success
Chandrayaan 3's journey from Earth to the Moon is a testament to human ingenuity. The precision in launch, navigation, and lunar descent showcases ISRO's prowess in space technology.
3. Unlocking Lunar Mysteries
ISRO's dedication to unraveling the Moon's mysteries is evident through Chandrayaan 3's scientific objectives. By analyzing lunar composition and topography, we are poised to gain insights into our celestial companion's evolution.
4. Looking Ahead
As Chandrayaan 3 blazes a trail of success, we eagerly anticipate the future of lunar exploration. ISRO's accomplishments inspire us to dream bigger and reach for the stars, fostering a legacy of continuous innovation.
5. A Cosmic Inspiration
Chandrayaan 3's achievements resonate beyond scientific circles. They inspire humanity's innate curiosity and remind us of the limitless possibilities that await us in the cosmos.
Lucky Store joins hands with the world in applauding ISRO's brilliance, perseverance, and remarkable achievements in the realm of space exploration. As we celebrate Chandrayaan 3's success, we are reminded that humanity's journey into the unknown is fueled by the spirit of exploration and the pursuit of knowledge.


Last Monday “ENAIRE” the manager of air navigation in Spain has put into service a new radar in Lanzarote with the latest technology. It will allow a coverage and surveillance service to flights of the northeastern area of the Canary Islands as well as traffic between the Islands and the Peninsula.
This new radar which serves the ENAIRE Air Control Center in the Canary Islands has an investment of more than 2.5 million euros. In addition it provides coverage to the aircraft for take off and landing for both Lanzarote and Fuerteventura airports. In total it will control the airspace within a radius of about 250 nautical miles, the equivalent of an area of about 670,000 square kilometers.
The performance of this Spanish surveillance system known as Mode S is the most mature and implemented system available. The installation contributes to the international positioning of ENAIRE as an air navigation manager in the field of surveillance in line with the European requirements to progressively introduce new technologies that improve air traffic management in Europe.


I want to spend some time with a couple of my friends.” Trouble in paradise?
The relationship is growing so nicely we overlook our own needs for personal growth and renewal.
You should not think that it is hard to establish a good communication with a foreigner.
On the contrary, it is the difference that attracts people to each other most of all. Get acquainted with remarkable women from this city and find the one who can become the love of your life someday.
The first human spaceflight was launched by the Soviet Union on 12 April 1961 as a part of the Vostok program, with cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard.
Humans have been continuously present in space for 16 years and 297 days on the International Space Station.
Men here are pampered by the attention of women as the number of single women is three times larger!Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight) is space travel with a crew or passengers aboard the spacecraft.Spacecraft carrying people may be operated directly, by human crew, or it may be either remotely operated from ground stations on Earth or be autonomous, able to carry out a specific mission with no human involvement.Have you already seen the photos of gorgeous Russian ladies at this online dating service?These girls look as beautiful in the real life as in the picture.


Question : Can you give me the List of schools offering MBA in aviation???
Here is the List of schools offering MBA in aviation:
Indian Aviation Academy – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Air Hostess Academy – New Delhi, Delhi
Frankfinn Institute of Air Hostess Training – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Ahmedabad Aviation and Aeronautics – Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Rajiv Gandhi Aviation Academy – Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh
Kompass Aviation – New Delhi, Delhi
High Flyers Aviation Services – New Delhi, Delhi
Astro Professional Academy – Udaipur, Rajasthan
Avalon Aviation Academy,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Avalon Aviation Academy,New Delhi,
Sahara India Aviation Academy, New Delhi
- Advice any colleges in Mumbai provide MBA in aviation.
- Top Gaming Institutes in India
- About details for part time hotel management course
- Which institute in India admission MBA in aviation?
- Universities with Aviation Programs in Florida
- MBA In Shipping And Port Management
- Air Hostess Training Institutes in Noida
- Which Offer Part Time Correspondence MBA Institute
- Wardha Valle English High School
- Getting admission for want to know which college


This is YOUR opportunity to view the F-117 Stealth Fighter #-833 with an exclusive visitor experience! The Palm Springs Air Museum is launching a series of 6 limited events for the public to view this incredible aircraft up close and personal with an experienced interpreter as a guide for the evening.
Each experience lasts 90 minutes and will feature a different Skunk Works Expert or F-117 pilot to interpret the airplane, and will include a different Limited Edition T-Shirt for each event, and a chance to look inside the cockpit for each session. There will also be plenty of photo opportunities!
The F-117 is not on regular display, these events are the only way to view the aircraft until complete restoration is complete in Spring 2021. Each event is limited to 117 attendees.
F-117 Experience dates
Friday October 30th; Friday and Saturday November 27th and 28th; Saturday, December 26th; Saturday, January 2nd; and Saturday, February 6th. Each experience will take place in the evening at 5 PM.
Friday October 30th
Steve Justice, the Former Director of Advanced Systems Development at Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works Division
Friday November 27th
Bob Driver, Media Specialist, Lockheed Martin Skunk Works
More speakers directly associated with the aircraft will be announced shortly.
These very limited availability tickets are $45 each or $245 for the entire series of 6 (six) Experiences.
Stealth Fighter F-117A #833 is the second-highest combat mission aircraft in the fleet, logging 75 combat hours during Operation Desert Storm and Allied Force. The aircraft was also the 49th Wing Commander’s aircraft during Operation Allied Force. In total, the aircraft has 5,140 hours of flight.
Receive news and announcements from Palm Springs straight to your inbox


Woodbridge School’s James, Year 12, has been named runner-up out of 31 teams in a major national contest, BAE Systems’ ‘Future Cockpit Design’ competition. James, aged 17, is a member of the RAF in the school’s Combined Cadet Force (CCF) and was the only Cadet to make the top five in this prestigious competition.
BAE Systems is currently at the forefront of developing the UK’s future fighter jets, the TEMPEST and the LANCA, which are hoped to come into service within the next 15 years.
BAE Systems’ national competition was to design ‘a cockpit for the future’. James’ idea was to develop a piece of software that would take Google Maps’ satellite data and NASA’s height maps’ data to allow a pilot anywhere in the world to view their surroundings, ground targets and objectives in an easily intelligible 3D map, which they can manipulate at their discretion.
James explains: “A piece of software, such as this one, is tapping into the fact that, in the future, almost all of a cockpit will be seen and accessed through the augmented reality of the Striker II helmet – the helmet that BAE Systems is currently designing. This will use the ‘Plug and Play’ approach of not having to change anything physical within the jet itself – which would be hugely expensive, compared to just changing some software.
“I was delighted that my idea placed me fifth in BAE’s national competition, and I look forward to doing more projects similar to this one, such as the RAF’s ‘ASTRA-SAT Space Challenge’, in the future.”
The ASTRA-SAT Space Challenge is a STEM competition for RAF Air Cadets to showcase their innovative ideas and the winners will have their names and CCF (RAF) school painted on the fins of the UK’s STARCHASER rocket, ready for its big launch.
To see James being interviewed on his life as an RAF Cadet, his plans for the future and being an international boarder at Woodbridge School go to: https://youtu.be/DtbGWzVFIuE
For further information on Woodbridge School, visit: www.woodbridgeschool.org.uk


TABLE OF CONTENTS
In the future, you will be able to download or view files in various formats and stream video.
Back to magazine cover
About the author: Jim Trusty, ATP/CFI, was named
FAA/Aviation Industry National Flight Instructor for the year in 1997.
To view article, please right click the link below to download doc file:
FROM THE LOGBOOK: Another Needless Accident
About the author: Ruth Rock has been published in "The Logbook", "The Register-Guard",
and in various software programs for higher education.
She has also written aviation humor books, essays, and has
had photographs & artwork published.
To view article, please click the link below:
RETURN OF THE WINGThe radical Blended Wing design has been developed by Boeing in cooperation with the NASA Langley Research Centre. The mammoth plane will have a wing span of 265 feet compared to the 747's 211 feet, and is designed to fit within the newly created terminals used for the 555 seat Airbus A380, which is 262 feet wide. The new 797 is in direct response to the Airbus A380 which has racked up 159 orders, but has not yet flown any passengers. Boeing decided to kill its 747X stretched super jumbo in 2003 after little interest was shown by airline companies, but has continued to develop the ultimate Airbus crusher 797 for years at its Phantom Works research facility in Long Beach, Calif.
CONTEST GIVEWAY!Send us one of your most unusual flying adventures of 500 words (page and a half) or less. If we publish it, win a gift certificate from Starbucks, an opportunity to be published, and lots of free exposure. Please include a picture of yourself and your aircraft, a three to four sentence bio, and your contact info. Email your adventure to email@example.com
NTSB - CASE REVIEWEach quarter, we select a case from the NTSB database and review it. Learning from the mistakes of others helps to ensure our own flight safety as pilots of both fixed wing and helicopters. Click the link below to review the case details.
Aircraft On Approach
S-E-C-R-E-T AIR FIELDS OF OREGON
FREE - SOFTWARE DOWNLOADIf you're building an aviation site on a budget, check out Volusion Live Chat is a "hosted" application, meaning there's nothing to install on your servers and came about in response to customer queries. In a monthly meeting, members of Volusion's sales staff mentioned that several clients had asked questions on how to find and install third-party chat software on their sites. What started out as a way to make the documentation clearer quickly turned into the development of Volusion's own live chat software.
Previous Issue of SKYQUEST
Business LinksMonarch Air - Monarch Air is a Dallas, Texas based Integrated Cessna Flight Center offering flight training, aircraft sales, maintenance and parts.
UGA internet guides
UGA media is the European publisher of internet guides, business portals, travel guides and reference cd-roms.


Up, up and away
Our representation of images from the Royal Aeronautical Society archive is going stratospheric with another image upload. We now have over 13,000 on our site, but to save you looking through all these, here's a tight edit of the most recently added.
It includes ballooning, airships, early aviators, aircraft from First World War quadruplanes to supersonic jet fighters of the Cold War, and much else. A particular favourite is an 1830s airship in the shape of a dolphin that has definite cute appeal.
Click here for this latest selection.


Sunday, December 15, 2013
Great Pilots To Fly With---PIA Pilots Refused To Fly Without Getting Favorite Breakfast
PIA flight enroute to New York from Lahore was delayed hours and hours on the airport as pilot and co-pilot did not get hot snacks in he breakfast. The poor 250 passengers who had come earlier for checking in had to wait aboard the plane for hours long. According to sources the flight No PK 711 had to take off for New York at 6 11 AM but the pilot Sohail Baloch and Assistant pilot Naushad Ali refused to take off till they get hot snacks in the breakfast. PIA administration had to sent special car to bring the favorite breakfast of the pilots from a local hotel. It is noteworthy that international passengers had to reach airport 4 hours before the flight time for checking in. So the passengers reached airport at 2 AM and they had to to wait for 7 hours more to leave for destination. Reasons like this are causing the degradation defamation of once the best airline of the world. It is better to privatize it. Because it is in huge loss.


Cena regularna to 30 – 35 dolarów.
Opis z BG:
„Brand Name: Eachine
Item Name: 2.4G 6 Axis RC Quadcopter
Item NO.: E5C
Gyro: 6 axis
Control Distance: About 50m
Charger Time: About 90mins
Flight Time: 7mins
Battery: 3.7V 650mAh Lithium battery (included)
Remote Control: 4 x AA battery (not included)
Quadcopter Size: 32cm * 32cm * 8cm
Quadcopter Weight: 100g
With 2.0MP 720P camera.
With Headless Mode, no need to adjust the position of aircraft before flying .
One key to return function makes it easily to find the way home.
6-Axis gyro quad-rotorcraft flight, strong stability, can easily implement various flight movements, easier to control.
technology adopted for anti-interference, even more than one quadcopter
is flying at the same time they will not interfere with each other.
Lightweight airframe with nice durability.


The Pentagon wants a new aircraft (lets call it the F-22E Strike Raptor) must be able to operate in the "anti-access/area-denial environment that will exist in the 2030-2050 timeframe. The US airforce wants offensive and defensive "counterair" -- destroying or neutralizing an enemy's ability to control the skies. Boeing Co, the Pentagon's No. 2 supplier after Lockheed, might be able to stay in the fighter business long enough to compete for it, he said, assuming exports can keep its fighter know-how alive as the U.S. Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps buy F-35s in large numbers. The Air Force in its wish list for the futuristic warplane cited greater reach, persistence, survivability, situational awareness, weapons effects and "human-system integration." In the twelve year gap , the US Airforce could get by with a small squadron of F-22s, a larger squadron of inferior F-35 Lightning II, and pilotless combat drones like the Predator and its successor the Reaper.
The J-20 is larger than the F-22A or the Russian Pak-Fa. It is said that the cyber attacks on the US that cost US 40 billion, was to get F-117 Nighthawk blueprints for the J-20. It is said that F-117 Nighthawk elements have went to china in the 1999 Kosovo war. The idea of Chinese reverse-engineering F-117 debris to understand technology is plausible. The idea that the J-20 has 30 years of Russian technology built into it and some F-117 technology would look true. J-20 will be ready in 2017.
The J-20 is of a conventional layout as fighters go - though it is worth mentioning that the size of the J-20 is greater than that of the American F-22 or Russian Sukhoi T-50/PAK FA development. Taken as a whole, the J-20 appears to be the body of the experimental, delta-wing Mikoyan Project 1.44 aircraft with the nose section of a Lockheed F-22 Raptor. The fuselage is noticeably long and wide presumably for the use of large amounts of internal fuel stores, advanced avionics capacities and large internal weapons bays. The cockpit is held well forward in the design and the engines are fitted in the rear. Canards are set along the forward portion of the fuselage and serve to provide improved vortex lift for the airframe body. Likewise, the use of the anhedral set main wing assemblies works in conjunction with these canards to help improve lift. The main wing assemblies, each sporting anhedral, are delta in arrangement and the vertical fins on the tail noticeably canted outwards. The vertical tail fins and forward canards are all-moving surfaces, hinged at internal joints, and help in providing for an agile airframe. There are two small ventral fins near the trailing edge of the main wings, outboard of either engine. The engines are buried deep within the middle and aft portions of the fuselage, aspirated by a set of inward slanted intake openings to either side of the cockpit. The intakes are preceded by a bulbous chine mount that is contoured rather elegantly to either cockpit side. From the first few initial photographs of the J-20, the engines seem to exhaust through a pair of conventional nozzles so no thrust vectoring is apparent in the prototypes. Stealth plays an important role in the design of the J-20 so plasma technology is used in the various exposed moving joints of the vertical tail fins and forward canards. The undercarriage is wholly conventional and made up of a tricycle landing gear arrangement featuring a single-wheeled nose leg and a pair of single-wheeled main landing gear legs. The nose leg retracts forward under and aft of the cockpit floor while the main legs retract forward into the sides of the fuselage. Of note here is the "saw-tooth" edges of the landing gear doors - consistent with the stealth design philosophy of the F-22 Raptor.
Internally, the J-20 will sport the latest in Chinese fly-by-wire technology and advanced fire control and engine management features. The pilot will most likely control the aircraft through a traditional HOTAS (Hands on Throttle and Stick) arrangement and have access to a single, wide-angle, full-color "glass" cockpit liquid crystal display ala the Lockheed F-35 Lightning II. In conjunction with the LCD may be a helmet-mounted sight system for the pilot. A wide-angle HUD (Head-Up Display) will provide pertinent performance and mission information to the pilot above the instrument panel.


Many people have a difficult time understanding acronyms and what they stand for. In this blog post, we will help clarify the definition of an acronym and give examples from aviation that show how useful they can be!
"ACM" is an acronym that stands for "Air Carrier Manual." It is a document which contains information about airline practices, including operational procedures.
Airlines use ACMs to coordinate with one another on flights, as well as communicate safety procedures to pilots. This makes it easier for them to avoid collisions in the air or on the ground. This helps improve efficiency and reduce costs!
1. Acronyms are confusing - There are many acronyms in the aviation industry, and they can be extremely confusing.
2. ACM stands for in aviation - Aircraft Communications and Management. ACM is a subset of ICAO communications. The AIM describes the procedures for both voice and data communications with Air Traffic Services, Flight Information Services, Aeronautical Station Operations (including maintenance), Aerial Work & Taxi operations as well as associated operational control facilities such as Approach Control Units or Area Radar
3. What is an acronym and what does it stand forAn acronym is a word formed from the first letters of each word in a phrase. For example, radar stands for "radio detecting and ranging". Radar actually comes from RAdio Detection And Ranging. The term was used as early as 1940 but it wasn't until 1947 that the public became aware of this technology when an Air Force
4. Why do they exist ? Acronyms exist because they can be easier to remember and communicate. For example, "ATC" stands for air traffic control." That being said, acronyms are not always the best way to communicate information or a message. Many people have a hard time remembering what an acronym means or where it came from so using them
5. Examples of acronyms in the aviation industry - ATC, FBO, CFIACM stands for Airman Certification Manual. FBO is an acronym that stands for Fixed Base Operator. CFI means Certified Flight Instructor, this would be a good person to take flying lessons from!
6. Acronyms can be helpful when trying to communicate quickly or when you need help remembering something specific about a word or phrase that has multiple meanings (i.e., "laser" could refer to light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, a device that uses laser technology, or both).
Admin_script | 5 months ago


Your drone isn’t listening to you. Every command you press, it seems not to like it, huh?
Sometimes Force1 Drone doesn’t act as you want. And this happens when there’s an internal problem with your drone. But there’s a solution to every problem.
So, here’s how to do Force1 drone troubleshooting.
To troubleshoot your Force1 drone, you must check if there’s a problem with the batteries. Make sure the batteries in the drone and transmitter are installed with the correct polarity. Again, you must ensure secured charging cable connections so that the drone can get fully charged.
This is just a glimpse of troubleshooting the drone. Keep reading the article below to see learn the step-by-step procedures.
Quick Troubleshooting Guide
|Problem||Reason||A Quick Troubleshoot|
|The Drone doesn’t turn on.||The preflight operation isn’t in the right sequence.||Review the preflight operation and reboot it.|
|The drone doesn’t charge.||Loose charging cable.||Connect the charging cable with the USB port properly.|
|The drone keeps crashing.||There are many obstacles in front of the drone.||Create enough flight space for the drone.|
|The drone’s LED lights are flashing but the drone can’t fly.||The palm remote battery is not working.||Test the buttons on the palm remote and fix it.|
|The propellers spin but the drone can’t fly.||Propellers are damaged or dirty.||Reboot the drone by powering it down.|
Problem 1: The Drone Isn’t Turning ON
It’s annoying when you’re all prepared for a fun drone flying day and the drone doesn’t work. No matter how prepared you are, the drone isn’t turning ON.
When the drone isn’t powering on, there is a problem in the preflight sequence. The drone won’t act your way if you aren’t serious about the preflight operations.
So, what you have to do is check all the preflight conditions in your Force1 drone. And you have to troubleshoot this Force1 drone just like you can troubleshoot the Striker Spy drone.
Before you start flying the drone, you should ensure the following preflight conditions:
- First of all, you have to check the area if it meets the local and federal guidelines. Make sure it’s an open area where there’s no obstacle.
- Charge the drone and transmitter batteries to 100%.
- Make sure the left stick of the transmitter is kept in the middle position.
- Then, you have to follow the Calibration instructions. You’ll get to learn how to calibrate in the next section.
- Keep the transmitter ON before flying. Don’t forget to turn OFF the drone once you’re done with the flight.
- Always ensure that every connection between your Force 1 drone battery and the motor is secured.
- Check whether the propellers are installed properly. Make sure the motors are working too!
- Keep the drone facing away from you before flying.
Now, let’s get to the real part. Here’s how you’ll conduct the preflight operation or calibrate your drone:
- First, you have to turn on the transmitter. Then, push the left stick down and release it. It will come back automatically and will be prepared for pairing.
- Now, power on your drone. Keep it on an even surface.
- Finally, push the right stick down and then to the right. After you’ve done that, release the stick.
You’ll see the drone body light flashing. This means the drone is calibrating. After the lights turn into a solid color, you’ll know the calibration has been successfully completed.
NOTE: Make sure you don’t move the left stick before the calibration process is completed. Also, you should recalibrate the drone if it crashes and doesn’t perform well.
Problem 2: The Drone Isn’t Charging
As you already saw earlier, charging the drone is a prerequisite for flying drones. But what if the drone isn’t charging at all?
It’s a common problem that drone flyers face. And if your Force1 drone is giving you the same trouble, you should check the connections.
The reason your Force 1 drone is not connecting is because of loose cable connections. It’s disrupting the charging process. When the charging cable is loosely connected to the USB port, it can’t pass the current.
As a result, the drone won’t charge.
The solution to this charging problem is to check the connections. You’ll see a socket in the battery. Make sure you have connected the charging cable to the USB port correctly. And if the Lipo battery is dead, you should charge it.
One way to identify whether the drone is charging or not is to check the indicator lights. You’ll see a red light when you’ve plugged in the USB. This means the drone is charging. If the light gets off afterward, this means the drone is charged fully.
Problem 3: The Drone Keeps Crashing
It’s a serious problem if your drone can’t fly properly. And the reason is pretty silly and obvious which you might have overlooked.
The reason your drone keeps crashing is obstacles. That’s right. When you’re flying your drone amidst a crowdy space or in between buildings, it’s hard to navigate. That’s why the drone keeps falling down.
So, what you have to do is clear all the obstacles when flying your drone. Make sure there’s enough empty space so that the drone doesn’t hit anything.
By doing so, it’ll be much easier to navigate the drone.
Problem 4: The Drone Flashes LED Lights But Won’t Fly
Here’s another problem you may relate to. You’ve been trying to fly your drone. The LED lights are giving you the signal that it’s ready to take off. But the drone doesn’t fly.
The reason the drone isn’t flying is hidden in the palm remote battery. If the battery does not work properly, the drone won’t take off.
To fix this issue, you must check what’s wrong with the palm remote battery. See if it’s working or not. Test the buttons on it.
You have to establish communication between the remote and the drone. Only then your drone would fly.
Problem 5: The Drone Propellers Spin But the Drone Can’t Fly
Lastly, I’ve got a problem that’s a bit more serious than the other Force 1 drone parts issues we discussed. You might see the propellers of the drone are spinning. Yet, the drone still isn’t flying.
The reason this type of issue occurs is damaged propellers. Again, if the propellers are dirty and there is debris inside your drone, it won’t fly.
Yes, many people tend to forget to clean their drones. And that’s a reason why the drone stops working.
So, if you’re in the same situation, you have to clean the drone first. Make sure you reach out to every corner and keep it debris free.
If the propellers are damaged, replace them with new ones.
Then, power down the drone and start it again powering the palm remote. It’s like rebooting your drone.
And that’s how you get your drone flying through the sky again.
Safety Precautions for Force1 Drones
Now, before you run to fly your favorite Force1 drone, you should know about the safety rules. Force1 drone is designed for users aged 14 or above. So, you must keep this in mind while gifting your kid a Force1 drone.
Here are all the safety precautions that every Force1 Drone user must follow:
Keep the Drone in Dry Environment:
Force1 drones consist of electronic components that aren’t compatible with humid environments. So, you must keep the drone away from water or humidity. Otherwise, the electronic components might get damaged.
Avoid Direct Sunlight and Heat:
Make sure the drone isn’t getting direct sunlight. As the drone is made of metal, plastic, fiber, and electronic components, it will get distorted in excessive heat. So, keep in mind the surrounding temperature so that your drone remains safe.
Keep Away from Rotating Motors:
Rotating parts of the drone would cause serious injury to you if you stand nearby. That’s why always maintain a distance when the drone is about to take off or fly.
Keep an Eye on the Surface:
You must be aware of the places you’re flying the drone. Never place your drone on an uneven surface or a dangerous field. Always remember to remove any obstacle that comes in the way of your drone. So, the best thing you can do is avoid areas that don’t have a ground for drone flying.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How long does it take to charge Force 1 drone?
It takes approximately 50 minutes to charge the Force1 drone. With 50-minutes of full charge, you can fly the drone for 8 minutes.
How do you start a Force 1 drone?
To start a Force 1 drone, first, you have to insert the drone batteries. Then place the drone on an even surface. As soon as it’s powered on, you’ll see lights flashing. Then, turn on the transmitter. You’ll hear a beep twice. The drone is ready to take off!
How to dispose of damaged Force 1 batteries?
To dispose of damaged Force 1 batteries, you have to contact the local waste agency. You can also contact the nearest LiPo battery recycling center and let them take care of it. Do not throw the batteries away with household trash. Batteries should be disposed of in a specialized way that doesn’t harm the environment.
So, this is how you can do a Force1 drone troubleshooting whenever you have any issue with your drone. Make sure to maintain all the safety guidelines before and after flying. Hopefully, you’ll have a wonderful flying experience.


Despite the Speedmaster model having been officially declared qualified for manned spaceflight by NASA in 1965 (1), Omega confirmed the willingness to further develop watches which would resist the different aversive facets of working in space.
The project for these developments at the Omega facility was internally codenamed ‘Alaska’. This codename is in the continuity of Omega using names of ‘locations’ for secret watch projects and names of ‘birds’ for secret movement development projects (24). This ‘Alaska’ project was over time subdivided into four entities each dedicated to develop new or ameliorate existing watches for the use in space related missions. The watch development during the decade following the beginning of the project was adapted to the dynamics of NASA’s space program, going from the lunar surface requirements during the Apollo missions, through the introduction of geostationary laboratories and reusable space vehicles. Along the adaptation to NASA’s mission dynamics, Omega also made sure to integrate pertinent horological advancements into the new developments and to test for their suitability in space.
Alaska I , 1968 – 1969: Lunar Surface Chronograph
The ‘Alaska I’ project was initiated for developing a ‘Lunar Surface Chronograph‘. Omega was approached in 1968 by the NASA engineer James ‘Jim’ H. Ragan (2), who wanted to develop a chronograph able to withstand the extreme heat and cold transitions while working on the lunar surface.
The first series of prototypes still retained a black dial (2) but to be able to deal with the extreme heat on the lunar surface, the dial of the second iteration of ‘Alaska I’ prototypes is silvered and matte to allow for maximal heat reflection without disturbing light reflections
Introduction of ‘fancy’ shaped Hands
Many have wondered about the fancy shape of the sub-dial hands introduced during the development of the Alaska I prototype. The technical explanation is, that for better visibility the chronograph hands are red and the sub-dial hands are partially broad shaped to be perfectly visible even when submitted to strong vibrations (2). Regular thin and straight hands would blur when exposed to vibrations (2). The question remains about the origin of the specific shape which was chosen.
Admittedly, the hands show resemblance with the space modules NASA used, beginning with the ‘Mercury’ and also the contemporary ‘Apollo’ command module, but there is neither a functional nor an aesthetic reason to use space module shaped hands. Moreover, the contour of the hands does not correspond exactly to the shapes of these or other spacecrafts.
The explanation for the use of this exact shape for sub-dial hands during the Alaska I project might thus be found elsewhere. We should look for further inspiration within another project Omega was simultaneously involved and which would revolutionise commercial air-fair.
1969 was not only the year men walked on the moon, also another technical challenge would be finalised, where British and French engineers would cooperate to develop the first commercial supersonic airplane.
The 2.3.1969 was a great day for European commercial aviation. The Concorde prototype #001 would perform its maiden flight lasting 28 minutes. Despite avoiding to retract the carriages, to align the adjustable ‘nose’ or to go supersonic, Concorde’s maiden flight was a success. To ensure precise timekeeping, which is crucial during test flights, Omega equipped the Concorde #001 prototype and the other 8 Concorde prototype dashboards with six instruments each. Indeed, following a call for tenders from Sud-Aviation in 1967, Omega was chosen over its Swiss, French and American competitors to supply the time instruments for the future Franco-British supersonic aircraft. Developed within a year by Claude Villars’ Scientific Research engineers, they met a series of very stringent requirements in terms of thermal resistance, humidity, pressure, vibrations, accelerations and shocks. Additional tests were also carried out in salt spray atmospheres, under the effect of various contaminants and even under the effect of attack by certain fungi. Omega would remain the ‘timekeeper’ also for the first 2 (of 14) commercially built ‘presidential’ Concorde’s. (25, 27).
The fancy hands used during the Alaska I and later also during the Alaska II project seem exact, schematic reproductions of the shape of Concorde. Maybe the engineers working on the Alaska I project wanted to commemorate Omega’s involvement in the development of the first and hitherto only European commercial supersonic airplane.
The Case Construction
The watch was initially planned for having a titanium case, which for economic reasons was soon discarded in favour of the case used for the Speedmaster Mark II introduced in 1969. Another innovation was the introduction of an outer protective case made out of anodised aluminium (3).
After testing, a red anodisation was chosen due to the colours high reflectiveness and superior resistance to heat (3). The Swiss patent for this outer case was granted in 1971, the US Patent was filed in 1972 and obtained in 1973.
Ragan would have preferred a case mounted with a Hesalite crystal, as this material does not shatter when destroyed and had proven to be resistant during the tests for qualification of the Speedmaster in 1965. However, the mineral crystal of the Mark II case had proven to seal better against leaks and to withstand impacts without cracking (2).
Another difference to the previous ‘lyre-lugged’ Speedmasters was the lacking external bezel. Omega confirmed, that Ragan would have anyway envisioned to replace the tachymeter scale with more pertinent scales, such as one with 5 min intervals (1). Latter change will be implemented into the ‘Alaska II’ prototypes. As can be seen in the picture above, there is a gap visible between the dial and the case. This is due to the use of smaller dials made for the ‘titanium’ prototype version, which had a rather large rehaut. As this large rehaut is lacking in the Mark II cases (has a smaller, internal counter-ring against the dial) the dial is too small for this case type and does not fit properly.
A New Movement
The movement chosen for these prototypes was the newly introduced cal.: 861, which received a fine tuning and newly developed lubricants which would ensure perfect functioning even in the extreme condition of space (2).
4 watches of the ‘Alaska I’ project where sent to NASA for testing, two with white dial and two with black dial and all white hands (retaining the ‘Concorde’ shaped sub-dial hands, (1)). NASA decided not to replace the ‘regular’ Speedmaster model already qualified for Astronauts.
Alaska II , 1972: Functional optimisations
After the successful moon landing in 1969 Omega continued its quest for the perfect moon watch, also by further developing the ‘Alaska I’ prototypes. The former case designs were dropped and the classic lyre-lugged Speedmaster case was reintroduced.
As a new feature the whole case was sandblasted and thus rendered matte to avoid distracting reflections from the case. The tachymeter bezel was regarded useless in space and was replaced by a 5 min interval bezel as already envisioned during the ‘Alaska I’ prototyping.
The silver / white dial was further enhanced and the ‘Concorde’ shaped sub-dial hands are now black and extended to the seconds hand. One important feature, which will be used for the ‘Alaska III’ prototypes was the introduction of the ‘radial’ numbering on the sub-dial for better readability.
Again, NASA decided not to replace the ‘regular’ Speedmaster model already qualified for Astronauts. Later this version would become the inspiration for the Alaska model issued in 2008.
Alaska III , 1974 – 1978: Functional optimisations, E.V.A. Chronograph
The last Apollo mission with a man walking on the moon surface was Apollo XVII, which was terminated in December 1972. After this date it was clear, that no man would touch the lunar surface again for many decades (NASA announced it for 2030).
A new era of space exploration would start, focusing on the building of permanent space stations in geostationary orbit and the development or re-usable space ships for building and supplying these stations. The start into this new adventure was made by the Russians in 1971, by putting the space station ‘Salyut’ into orbit. The Americans followed in 1973 with ‘Skylab’, while the definitive ‘conquest’ of near earth orbital space was achieved by the co-joint American and Russian Apollo-Soyuz project in 1975 (20).
Around 1976 the ‘Space Shuttle’ project, started to become more than just a drawing-board reality, and with the new craft came the need for all NASA-equipment to be re-evaluated, re-tested and eventually re- qualified (5). When Omega began to work on the ‘Alaska III’ project the goal was to modify the classic moonwatch to create an enhanced version with better readability. In the early phase of the ‘Alaska III’ project it was clear that newly developed movements could replace cal.: 861. With the introduction of the automatic movement cal.: 1040 and its successor cal.: 1045 it was now possible to have automatic driven chronographs. Other prototypes even feature an electromechanical movement, cal.: 1255.
At the same time a new case shape was featured (see discussion below). This ‘ref: 1100x series’ was used to check for the compatibility of automatic and electronic movements and possibly for a specific use in space. Ref.: 11000 watches were started to be made around 1974 and some were used for heavy material resistance testing. These tests performed by Omega and the EMPA (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology) subjected the watches to very high levels of abuse to determine their robustness and their reliability.
Despite experimenting with the compatibility of new movements, the main overall goals during the ‘Alaska III’ project was to reduce reflexions from the case and to increase the readability of the dial (9). During the development a reintroduced feature from the ‘Alaska II’ project revolutionised the readability of the dial: The ‘radial’ numerals.
The Radial Dial
Although the use of a chronograph dial featuring counters with numbers in radial layout dates from 1966, for the Seamaster ref.: 145.006, the first encounter with the radial configuration for a Speedmaster was a drawing given to Omega by James Ragan, as confirmed in an interview in 2017 (23). It is unkown, if Ragan was inspired by the dial of the Seamaster, but the similarities are undeniable. The Speedmaster radial dial had gone through several improvements since its inception during the Alaska II project. Apart from slight changes in the font and indexes, in some instances by adding or removing serifs for certain numbers, also the orientation of the numbers was changed and adapted. The timeline concerning the changes seems not to be linear, as a technical drawing from 1972 (see above) already shows the configuration used later in the Alaska III project (18).
The criteria for changing number orientation, indexes and font details is hypothesised to have been a combination of light reflection tests and personal preferences of the developers concerning the readability of the dial (18).
The 1100x Case
It was quite peculiar, that the case shape used for watches conceived for use in space would change again during Alaska III, after the lyre lugged case was qualified for spaceflight in 1965 and alternative case shapes were gradually abandoned during Alaska I and II. The new specific requirements for the case design seemingly gravitated towards a ‘protrusion free’ overall watch surface, so to minimise the protrusion of the pushers and the crown as well as featuring hidden lugs without compromising function. The protrusion of the pushers and the crown having already been a problem with the first Speedmaster version used during the ‘Gemini’ program (23). Latter considerations would lead to the use of the unusual 1100x case for many Alaska III prototypes, as it fulfils most of the mentioned features (18, 19).
One further feature which can also be seen when scrutinising modern spaces suits but also the design of space vehicles and modules, was the growing use of ‘integrated design’. In this context this design method is most important for the interdisciplinary development of space equipment, which requires the integration of functional elements using the least amount of room and resources and ideally requiring the least intervention by the Astronauts. This new principle was also applied for the watch design as at some point it was envisioned to wear the watch as integral part of the spacesuit, hence attaching it to small fabric protrusions, ‘mini – straplets’, sutured on the gauntlet or the sleeve of the spacesuit and hidden underneath a flap of the suit (see picture: hanging white flap underneath the watch head), thus avoiding the need to mount an outer protective case as designed for Alaska I. It is conceivable that avoiding protrusions on the watch was part of the goal to integrate the watch ‘into’ the suit as to avoid tearing the suit or the watch being ‘caught’ while working (18, 19).
A possible E.V.A. Speedmaster
As after the Apollo missions the focus of space exploration converged towards the use of near space orbital space stations, also the development of equipment for space use converged to the refinement of equipment needed to build and maintain these new habitats. One focus within this new orientation was the optimisation of the spacesuits used during E.V.A.’s (EVA, Extra Vehicular Activities) or ‘space walks’. These outer space activities would become highly important, as they are needed to assemble and repair the space modules and also to maintain and repair other orbital hardware, such as satellites or the ‘Hubble’ telescope. Such EVA’s can last for hours and a meticulous timing is crucial for the missions but also for the Astronauts safety.
If the picture above with the integrated Alaska III prototype is analysed further, one can see that the spacesuit in which the new watch was envisioned to be integrated, is indeed one used for EVA’s. Thus it can be deducted, that the prototypes with 1100x cases might have been specifically designed to be worn when working in outer space, during EVA’s, while wearing these specific EVA suits. As these suits are only used for working in outer space, it makes sense, that some of these 1100x prototypes were specifically and heavily tested for material resistance, as the manoeuvrability inside such an EVA suit is very limited and thus the probability of sudden movements and subsequent breakage of the watch crystal or other components would be increased.
Following this thought it becomes also more understandable, why it was envisioned to use battery powered watches. As EVA suits are only used at certain time periods during a mission, the watches, which are permanently attached to the EVA suit, would not require to be wound or set and would run reliably through the whole mission time. These battery powered versions running with cal.: 1255 had also the advantage to allow for high angle pushers which would allow an easier activation while wearing quite bulky EVA-gloves (19).
Finally 3 versions were submitted to NASA: One was a re-development of the already qualified Speedmaster Professional chronograph, only this time using the newer cal.: 861 surrounded by a matte finished case and a dial that featured a ‘radial’ layout for its chronograph counters (Ref.: ST 145.022). The second proposal was an automatic chronograph with Omega’s cal.: 1045 (normally ref.: 11000, but one ref.: 11003 known) also with ‘radial’ numbering and lastly an electromechanical Speedmaster chronograph that employed a tuning fork as regulating organ (Ref.: 11003). Latter watch running with cal.: 1255, became later known as the ‘Speedsonic’ model ref.: ST 188.0002 (5).
There was one new condition for NASA to use Omega watches: Because of the ‘Buy American Act’, at least 50% of the watches ‘value’ would need to be built in the USA, so Omega had the cases produced locally by the ‘Star Watch Case Co.’ in Michigan. This is also the reason why there is no mentioning of ‘Swiss Made’ on the dial (9). Thus, these watches do not only bear the Omega production info on the case back, they also feature the ‘Star Watch Case Co.’ stamp.
NASA chose again not to completely replace the ‘regular’ Speedmaster, nor to introduce a specific EVA watch. However, finally a first batch of 56 pieces of the most classic Ref.: ST 145.022 was delivered to them. They were used aboard ‘Space Shuttle’ during the 1980ies. A second batch soon followed (9).
Alaska IV , 1978 – 1979: Space Shuttle Speedmaster
In 1978 NASA officially launches the search for a new watch to be used on Space Shuttle missions. The last project of the Alaska series tested a complete electronic watch with LCD display for suitability in space. 20 prototypes were made and some sent to NASA for use in training and in space.
According to the Omega Museum, despite the Astronauts willingness to wear modern and high tech tools (Quartz/LCD), the chances for this prototypes to be selected by NASA were very low as everybody knew that James Ragan had a strong preference for mechanical watches (that he expressed already in the Alaska III / Speedsonic episode) simply because he wanted to exclude any uncontrolled risk in space (22).
For a thorough review of these prototypes please refer to this excellent site.
- Fratello Magazine
- Phillips Auctioneers, Alaska I
- Omega watches, Alaska I
- Omega Watches, Alaska II
- Phillips Auctioneers, Alaska III
- Watchbooks Only
- Omega watches, Alaska III
- Richon M.; Omega, Reise durch die Zeit; Omega AG, 2007
- Dr. Crott
- Phillips Auctioneers
- Personal communication with @vintagewatchzilla
- Personal communication with @t_solo_t
- NASA Spacesuits
- Omega Alaska IV
- Monochrome Watches
- Petros Protopapas, Head of Brand Heritage, Omega: Fratello Podcast
- Omega, On board of Concorde
- Screenshot: Concorde, une Epopée, Documentary FR 2019, Joëlle Novic
- Instruments Concorde Serie


The incident happened on the same weekend that a third light aircraft crashed on a tourist beach near Rome, just 150 miles away on the opposite coast, narrowly missing sunbathing tourists and families with children.
The two experienced pilots who flew into one another were heading for the Spiaggia d’Argento Air Show in Alba Adriatica on Italy’s east coast.
Luigi Wilmo Franceschetti, 43, crash-landed, but second pilot Marco Ricci, 47, died after the wing of his aircraft sheared off in the crash.
A witness told Corriere della Serra: ‘We were walking along the seafront of Tortoreto, we saw two planes flying at low altitude and not very fast.
‘When they clashed we heard a bang. Help arrived instantly, both by sea and by land.’
Airshow organisers posted two brief messages on the event’s Facebook page, saying: ‘Our hearts go out to all the relatives of Marco Ricci. RIP.
‘And we wish a speedy recovery to pilot Luigi Wilmo Franceschetti.’
No other aircraft were involved in the second incident, which saw a small plane forced into an emergency landing – believed to be due to a mechanical failure – at Santa Severa, 30 miles up the coast from Rome.
The unnamed pilots, who both survived the crash, are thought to have been taken to a local hospital and an investigation has been launched.
Video footage from the scene shows hundreds of onlookers gathered around the wreckage, with the propeller buried in the sand at the water’s edge.


PV Sindhu may well become the show stopper at the 12th Plane Carnival in Bengaluru tomorrow (Saturday). The badminton ace is tipped to co-pilot a light combat Tejas aircraft. If that happens the No. 1 lady of Indian badminton will add a new leaf to the aviation history of India on the World Women’s Day.
Kerala’s oldest publication Onmanorama has quoted military sources as saying that Sindhu will be co-piloting a Tejas aircraft.
Even as there is no official confirmation, Sidhu’s flight is tipped to be the major attraction of the show. The flight will also make Sindhu first woman ever to co-pilot the ‘indigenous iron bird’ Tejas.
PV Sindhu in a sheer co-incident will be in the cockpit of the PV 5 or PV 6 trainer versions of the plane fitted with tandem seats.
Sindhu’s family has expressed their excitement about the historic opportunity and honour. “Yes. We have been invited for the show in Bengaluru. We are waiting for the final programme,” Sindhu’s father P V Ramana has told the publication.
Also Read: Badminton princess launches PV Sindhu app
“It’s a great honour for me to fly in a Tejas. It will be a proud moment and I am looking forward,” Sindhu said.
The badminton ace, who had played across the globe, said she always loved being on board an aeroplance, but have never dreamt of getting an opportunity to fly on a military plane.
Vimal Kumar, former India international and director-cum-co-founder of Prakash Padukone Badminton Academy (PPBA), said it will be a lifetime experience for Sindhu.
“She did mention to me about coming for Aero India and never knew that she will be flying the Tejas. It is going to be a great experience for her. The way our pilots go about doing their business is so challenging. The adrenaline rush and all that will be like playing a tough match for her. I am sure she will be thrilled. We are all excited,” Vimal said.
Interestingly, Vimal and his wife Vinitha Kumar, a scientist, will be at Aero India on Saturday when Sindhu is expected to take to the skies.