Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Compatibility of linear-response theory with the Second Law of
  Thermodynamics and the emergence of negative entropy production rates   The reliability of physical theories depends on whether they agree with well
established physical laws. In this work, we address the compatibility of the
Hamiltonian formulation of linear-response theory with the Second Law of
Thermodynamics. In order to do so, we verify three complementary aspects often
understood as statements of the Second Law: 1. No dissipation for quasistatic
process; 2. Dissipation for finite-time processes; 3. Positive entropy
production rate. Our analysis focus on two classes of nonequilibrium isothermal
processes: slowly-varying and finite-time but weak ones. For the former, we
show that these aspects are easily verified. For the later, we present
conditions for the achievement of the first two aspects. We also show that the
third one is not always verified, presenting an example based on Brownian
motion in which we observe negative values in the entropy production rate. In
particular, we compare linear-response and exact results for this example.

11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
1
The categories of this paper are: cs