Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Multitechnique characterization of lapis lazuli for provenance study   Lapis Lazuli is one of the oldest precious stone, being used for glyptic as
early as 7000 years ago: jewels, amulets, seals and inlays are examples of
objects produced using this material. Only few sources of Lapis Lazuli exist in
the world due to the low probability of geological conditions in which it can
form, so that the possibility to associate the raw material to man-made objects
helps to reconstruct trade routes. Since art objects produced using Lapis
Lazuli are valuable, only non-destructive investigations can be carried out to
identify the provenance of the raw materials. Ionoluminescence (IL) is a good
candidate for this task. Similarly to cathodoluminescence (CL), IL consists in
the collection of luminescence spectra induced by MeV ion (usually protons)
irradiation. The main advantage of IL consists in the possibility of working in
air while measuring simultaneously the composition of major and trace element
by means of complementary Ion Beam Analysis techniques like PIXE or PIGE
(Particle Induce X-ray or Gamma-ray Emission). In the present work a systematic
study of the luminescence properties of Lapis Lazuli under charged particles
irradiation is reported. In a first phase a multi-technique approach was
adopted (CL, SEM with microanalysis, micro-Raman) to characterise luminescent
minerals. This characterisation was propaedeutic for IL/PIXE/PIGE measurements
carried out on significant areas selected on the basis of results obtained
previously. Criteria to identify provenance of Lapis Lazuli from four of the
main sources (Afghanistan, Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan, Chile and Siberia)
were proposed.

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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
2
The categories of this paper are: math
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th