Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Liberties in Nature. On Photons, Bugs and Chess Players   Free will is an old philosophical enigma that has been recently revived by
neuropsychology. We restrict ourselves to the problem that determinism seems to
allow only an illusion of freedom but random decissions do not contain any
freedom either. We show that this is a problem of natural sciences, not
philosophy. Physics motivates replacing determinism by the principle of weak
causality and introducing the concept of liberty. Its empirical basis remains
untouched, but the theoretical interpretations of the state space in Newton
theory and of the space-time in general relativity are changed. The emerging
understanding of time agrees with the idea suggested once by Popper. In
biology, the most important liberties are those of mutation, of motion and of
the portable neural representation. We distinguish freedom and liberty. Each
freedom is associated with some liberty and is defined as the ability to
perform three processes called realization, selection and use of memory. This
makes freedom accessible to experimental study. The freedom of will is
explained by giving account of the underlying specific liberty and processes.
While the realization has an ample space for randomness, the selection is
mostly causal. Thus, determinism can be rejected without forcing decissions to
be random. The experiments of Libet and the role of consciousness are
discussed.

10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
2
The categories of this paper are: math
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph