Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Relaxations and Relaxor-Ferroelectric-Like Response of Nanotubularly
  Confined Poly(vinylidene fluoride)   Herein, we elucidate the impact of tubular confinement on the structure and
relaxation behaviour of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) and how these affect
the para-/ferroelectric behavior of this polymer. We use PVDF nanotubes that
were solidified in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Dielectric
spectroscopy measurements evidence a bimodal relaxation process for PVDF
nanotubes: besides the bulk-like -relaxation, we detect a notably slower
relaxation that is associated with the PVDF regions of restricted dynamics at
the interface with the AAO pore. Strickingly, both the bulk-like and the
interfacial relaxation tend to become temperature independent as the
temperature increases - a behavior that has been observed before in inorganic
relaxor ferroelectrics. In line with this, we observe that the real part of the
dielectric permittivity of the PVDF nanotubes exhibits a broad maximum when
plotted against the temperature, which is, again, a typical feature of relaxor
ferroelectrics. As such, we propose that in nanotubular PVDF,
ferroelectric-like nanodomains are formed in the amorphous phase regions
adjacent to the AAO interface. These ferroelectric nanodomains may result from
an anisotropic chain conformation and a preferred orientation of local dipoles
due to selective H-bond formation between the PVDF macromolecues and the AAO
walls. Such relaxor-ferroelectric-like behaviour has not been observed for
non-irradiated PVDF homopolymer; our findings thus may enable in the future
alternative applications for this bulk commodity plastic, e.g., for the
production of electrocaloric devices for solid-state refrigeration which
benefit from a relaxor-ferroelectric-like response.

6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph