Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Re-examining Einstein's $B$ coefficient and rate equations with the Rabi
  model   Starting from the Rabi Hamiltonian, which is useful in arriving at
non-perturbative results within the rotating wave approximation, we have found
Einstein's $B$ coefficient to be time-dependent: $B(t)\propto|J_0(\omega_\gamma
t)|$ for a two-level system (atom or molecule) in thermal radiation field. Here
$\omega_\gamma$ is the corresponding Rabi flopping (angular) frequency and
$J_0$ is the zeroth order Bessel function of the first kind. The resulting
oscillations in the $B$ coefficient---even for very small
$\omega_\gamma$---drives the system away from thermodynamic equilibrium at any
finite temperature contrary to Einstein's assumption. The time-dependent
generalized $B$ coefficient facilitates a path to go beyond Pauli's formalism
of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics involving the quantum statistical
Boltzmann (master) equation. In this context, we have obtained entropy
production of the two-level system by revising Einstein's rate equations, while
considering the $A$ coefficient to be the original time-independent one and the
$B$ coefficient to be time-dependent.

31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
2
The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol