Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The potential for bias in principal causal effect estimation when
  treatment received depends on a key covariate   Motivated by a potential-outcomes perspective, the idea of principal
stratification has been widely recognized for its relevance in settings
susceptible to posttreatment selection bias such as randomized clinical trials
where treatment received can differ from treatment assigned. In one such
setting, we address subtleties involved in inference for causal effects when
using a key covariate to predict membership in latent principal strata. We show
that when treatment received can differ from treatment assigned in both study
arms, incorporating a stratum-predictive covariate can make estimates of the
"complier average causal effect" (CACE) derive from observations in the two
treatment arms with different covariate distributions. Adopting a Bayesian
perspective and using Markov chain Monte Carlo for computation, we develop
posterior checks that characterize the extent to which incorporating the
pretreatment covariate endangers estimation of the CACE. We apply the method to
analyze a clinical trial comparing two treatments for jaw fractures in which
the study protocol allowed surgeons to overrule both possible randomized
treatment assignments based on their clinical judgment and the data contained a
key covariate (injury severity) predictive of treatment received.

4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex