Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Deep convection-driven vortex formation on Jupiter and Saturn   The surface of both Jupiter and Saturn has magnificent vortical storms which
help shape the dynamic nature of their atmospheres. Land- and space-based
observational campaigns over time have established several properties of these
vortices, with some being similar between the two planets, while others are
different. Shallow-water hydrodynamics, where the vortices are treated as
shallow weather-layer phenomenon, is commonly evoked for explaining their
formation and properties. Here we report novel formation mechanisms for
vortices where the primary driving mechanism is the deep planetary convection
occurring in these planets. Using three dimensional simulations of turbulent
convection in rotating spherical shells, we propose two ideas: (1) rotating
turbulent convection generates deep axially-aligned cyclones and anticyclones;
(2) a deep planetary dynamo acts to promote additional anticyclones, some as
large as Jupiter's Great Red Spot, in an overlying atmospheric layer. We use
these ideas to interpret several observational properties of vortices on
Jupiter and Saturn.

20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
19
The categories of this paper are: eess