Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Rings and Bent Chain Galaxies in the GEMS and GOOD Fields   Twenty-four galaxies with rings or partial rings were studied in the GEMS and
GOODS fields out to z~1.4. Most resemble local collisional ring galaxies in
morphology, size, and clumpy star formation. Clump ages range from 10^8 to 10^9
yr and clump masses go up to several x10^8 Msun, based on color evolution
models. The clump ages are consistent with the expected lifetimes of ring
structures if they are formed by collisions. Fifteen other galaxies that
resemble the arcs in partial ring galaxies but have no evident disk emission
were also studied. Their clumps have bluer colors at all redshifts compared to
the clumps in the ring and partial ring sample, and their clump ages are
younger than in rings and partial rings by a factor of ~10. In most respects,
they resemble chain galaxies except for their curvature; we refer to them as
``bent chains.'' Several rings are symmetric with centered nuclei and no
obvious companions. They could be outer Lindblad resonance rings, although some
have no obvious bars or spirals to drive them. If these symmetric cases are
resonance rings, then they could be the precursors of modern resonance rings,
which are only ~30% larger on average. This similarity in radius suggests that
the driving pattern speed has not slowed by more by ~30% during the last ~7 Gy.
Those without bars could be examples of dissolved bars.

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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an