Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Detecting Biosignatures in the Atmospheres of Gas Dwarf Planets with the
  James Webb Space Telescope   Exoplanets with radii between those of Earth and Neptune have stronger
surface gravity than Earth, and can retain a sizable hydrogen-dominated
atmosphere. In contrast to gas giant planets, we call these planets gas dwarf
planets. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will offer unprecedented insight
into these planets. Here, we investigate the detectability of ammonia
(NH$_{3}$, a potential biosignature) in the atmospheres of seven temperate gas
dwarf planets using various JWST instruments. We use petitRadTRANS and PandExo
to model planet atmospheres and simulate JWST observations under different
scenarios by varying cloud conditions, mean molecular weights (MMWs), and
NH$_{3}$ mixing ratios. A metric is defined to quantify detection significance
and provide a ranked list for JWST observations in search of biosignatures in
gas dwarf planets. It is very challenging to search for the 10.3--10.8 $\mu$m
NH$_{3}$ feature using eclipse spectroscopy with MIRI in the presence of photon
and a systemic noise floor of 12.6 ppm for 10 eclipses. NIRISS, NIRSpec, and
MIRI are feasible for transmission spectroscopy to detect NH$_{3}$ features
from 1.5 $\mu$m to 6.1 $\mu$m under optimal conditions such as a clear
atmosphere and low MMWs for a number of gas dwarf planets. We provide examples
of retrieval analyses to further support the detection metric that we use. Our
study shows that searching for potential biosignatures such as NH$_{3}$ is
feasible with a reasonable investment of JWST time for gas dwarf planets given
optimal atmospheric conditions.

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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci