Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Discovery of the Optical Counterparts to Four Energetic Fermi
  Millisecond Pulsars   In the last few years, over 43 millisecond radio pulsars have been discovered
by targeted searches of unidentified gamma-ray sources found by the Fermi
Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. A large fraction of these millisecond pulsars are in
compact binaries with low-mass companions. These systems often show eclipses of
the pulsar signal and are commonly known as black widows and redbacks because
the pulsar is gradually destroying its companion. In this paper, we report on
the optical discovery of four strongly irradiated millisecond pulsar
companions. All four sources show modulations of their color and luminosity at
the known orbital periods from radio timing. Light curve modelling of our
exploratory data shows that the equilibrium temperature reached on the
companion's dayside with respect to their nightside is consistent with about
10-30% of the available spin-down energy from the pulsar being reprocessed to
increase the companion's dayside temperature. This value compares well with the
range observed in other irradiated pulsar binaries and offers insights about
the energetics of the pulsar wind and the production of gamma-ray emission. In
addition, this provides a simple way of estimating the brightness of irradiated
pulsar companions given the pulsar spin-down luminosity. Our analysis also
suggests that two of the four new irradiated pulsar companions are only
partially filling their Roche lobe. Some of these sources are relatively bright
and represent good targets for spectroscopic follow-up. These measurements
could enable, among other things, mass determination of the neutron stars in
these systems.

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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int