Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: From Lab Testing to Science: Applying SAPHIRA HgCdTe L-APD Detectors to
  Adaptive Optics   Due to their high frame rates, high sensitivity, low noise, and low dark
current, SAPHIRA detectors provide new capabilities for astronomical
observations. The SAPHIRA detector is a 320x256@24 $\mu$m pixel HgCdTe linear
avalanche photodiode array manufactured by Leonardo. It is sensitive to 0.8-2.5
$\mu$m light. Unlike other near-infrared arrays, SAPHIRA features a
user-adjustable avalanche gain, which multiplies the photon signal but has
minimal impact on the read noise. This enables the equivalent of sub-electron
read noise and therefore photon-counting performance, which has not previously
been achieved with astronomical near-infrared arrays. SAPHIRA is intended for
high clocking speeds, and we developed a new readout controller to utilize this
capability and thereby enable the high frame rates ($\sim$400 Hz for the full
frame or $\sim$1.7 kHz for a 128x128 pixel subarray). Beginning with the first
science-grade SAPHIRA detectors and continuing with later improved devices, we
deployed SAPHIRAs to the SCExAO instrument at Subaru Telescope. SCExAO is an
extreme adaptive optics instrument intended for observations of high-contrast
objects such as debris disks and extrasolar planets. While at SCExAO, we
demonstrated the ability of SAPHIRA to function as a focal-plane wavefront
sensor, and we performed extensive studies of speckle evolution. Our
demonstration of SAPHIRA's ability to wavefront sense behind pyramid optics
contributed to the decision to select a SAPHIRA detector and pyramid optics for
the facility-class Keck Planet Imager. Additionally, we utilized the high
Strehl provided by SCExAO to characterize the morphology of the HIP 79977
debris disk. Due largely to our characterization of the performance of SAPHIRA
detectors and our demonstration of their capabilities, numerous facilities
throughout the world have recently proposed to use them in instruments
currently in development.

37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
2
The categories of this paper are: math
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio