Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Know Your Enemy: Characteristics of Cyber-Attacks on Medical Imaging
  Devices   Purpose: Used extensively in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of
disease, Medical Imaging Devices (MIDs), such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) machines, play an important role in medicine
today. MIDs are increasingly connected to hospital networks, making them
vulnerable to sophisticated cyber-attacks targeting the devices' infrastructure
and components, which can disrupt digital patient records, and potentially
jeopardize patients' health. Attacks on MIDs are likely to increase, as
attackers' skills improve and the number of unpatched devices with known
vulnerabilities that can be easily exploited grows. Attackers may also block
access to MIDs or disable them, as part of ransomware attacks, which have been
shown to be successful against hospitals. Method and Materials: We conducted a
comprehensive risk analysis survey at the Malware-Lab, based on the
Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) model, in collaboration with
our country's largest health maintenance organization, to define the
characteristics of cyber-attacks on MIDs. The survey includes a range of
vulnerabilities and potential attacks aimed at MIDs, medical and imaging
information systems, and medical protocols and standards such as DICOM and HL7.
Results: Based on our survey, we found that CT devices face the greatest risk
of cyber-attack, due to their pivotal role in acute care imaging. Thus, we
identified several possible attack vectors that target the infrastructure and
functionality of CT devices, which can cause: 1. Disruption of the parameters'
values used in the scanning protocols within the CT devices (e.g., tampering
with the radiation exposure levels); 2. Mechanical disruption of the CT device
(e.g., changing the pitch); 3. Disruption of the tomography scan signals
constructing the digital images; and 4. Denial-of-Service attacks against the
CT device.

18
The categories of this paper are: econ
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
2
The categories of this paper are: math
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom