Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Robust Spatial Extent Inference with a Semiparametric Bootstrap Joint
  Testing Procedure   Spatial extent inference (SEI) is widely used across neuroimaging modalities
to study brain-phenotype associations that inform our understanding of disease.
Recent studies have shown that Gaussian random field (GRF) based tools can have
inflated family-wise error rates (FWERs). This has led to fervent discussion as
to which preprocessing steps are necessary to control the FWER using GRF-based
SEI. The failure of GRF-based methods is due to unrealistic assumptions about
the covariance function of the imaging data. The permutation procedure is the
most robust SEI tool because it estimates the covariance function from the
imaging data. However, the permutation procedure can fail because its
assumption of exchangeability is violated in many imaging modalities. Here, we
propose the (semi-) parametric bootstrap joint (PBJ; sPBJ) testing procedures
that are designed for SEI of multilevel imaging data. The sPBJ procedure uses a
robust estimate of the covariance function, which yields consistent estimates
of standard errors, even if the covariance model is misspecified. We use our
methods to study the association between performance and executive functioning
in a working fMRI study. The sPBJ procedure is robust to variance
misspecification and maintains nominal FWER in small samples, in contrast to
the GRF methods. The sPBJ also has equal or superior power to the PBJ and
permutation procedures. We provide an R package
https://github.com/simonvandekar/pbj to perform inference using the PBJ and
sPBJ procedures

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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: eess