Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Blockchain Framework for Artificial Intelligence Computation   Blockchain is an essentially distributed database recording all transactions
or digital events among participating parties. Each transaction in the records
is approved and verified by consensus of the participants in the system that
requires solving a hard mathematical puzzle, which is known as proof-of-work.
To make the approved records immutable, the mathematical puzzle is not trivial
to solve and therefore consumes substantial computing resources. However, it is
energy-wasteful to have many computational nodes installed in the blockchain
competing to approve the records by just solving a meaningless puzzle. Here, we
pose proof-of-work as a reinforcement-learning problem by modeling the
blockchain growing as a Markov decision process, in which a learning agent
makes an optimal decision over the environment's state, whereas a new block is
added and verified. Specifically, we design the block verification and
consensus mechanism as a deep reinforcement-learning iteration process. As a
result, our method utilizes the determination of state transition and the
randomness of action selection of a Markov decision process, as well as the
computational complexity of a deep neural network, collectively to make the
blocks not easy to recompute and to preserve the order of transactions, while
the blockchain nodes are exploited to train the same deep neural network with
different data samples (state-action pairs) in parallel, allowing the model to
experience multiple episodes across computing nodes but at one time. Our method
is used to design the next generation of public blockchain networks, which has
the potential not only to spare computational resources for industrial
applications but also to encourage data sharing and AI model design for common
problems.

24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an