Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: C2D Spitzer-IRS spectra of disks around T Tauri stars. IV. Crystalline
  silicates   Dust grains in the planet forming regions around young stars are expected to
be heavily processed due to coagulation, fragmentation and crystallization.
This paper focuses on the crystalline silicate dust grains in protoplanetary
disks. As part of the Cores to Disks Legacy Program, we obtained more than a
hundred Spitzer/IRS spectra of TTauri stars. More than 3/4 of our objects show
at least one crystalline silicate emission feature that can be essentially
attributed to Mg-rich silicates. Observational properties of the crystalline
features seen at lambda > 20 mu correlate with each other, while they are
largely uncorrelated with the properties of the amorphous silicate 10 mu
feature. This supports the idea that the IRS spectra essentially probe two
independent disk regions: a warm zone (< 1 AU) emitting at lambda ~ 10 mu and a
much colder region emitting at lambda > 20 mu (< 10 AU). We identify a
crystallinity paradox, as the long-wavelength crystalline silicate features are
3.5 times more frequently detected (~55 % vs. ~15%) than the crystalline
features arising from much warmer disk regions. This suggests that the disk has
an inhomogeneous dust composition within ~10 AU. The abundant crystalline
silicates found far from their presumed formation regions suggests efficient
outward radial transport mechanisms in the disks. The analysis of the shape and
strength of both the amorphous 10 mu feature and the crystalline feature around
23 mu provides evidence for the prevalence of micron-sized grains in upper
layers of disks. Their presence in disk atmospheres suggests efficient vertical
diffusion, likely accompanied by grain-grain fragmentation to balance the
efficient growth expected. Finally, the depletion of submicron-sized grains
points toward removal mechanisms such as stellar winds or radiation pressure.

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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph