Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Haze Production in the Atmospheres of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes:
  Insights from the Lab   Numerous solar system atmospheres possess aerosols including the
characteristic organic hazes of Titan and Pluto. Haze particles substantially
impact atmospheric temperatures structures and may provide organic material to
the surface of a world, thereby affecting its habitability. Observations of
exoplanet atmospheres suggest the presence of aerosols, especially in cooler
(<800 K), smaller (<0.3 times Jupiter's mass) exoplanets. It remains unclear if
the aerosols muting the spectroscopic features of exoplanet atmospheres are
condensate clouds or photochemical hazes, which is difficult to predict from
theory alone. We present here the first laboratory haze simulation experiments
for atmospheric compositions expected for super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. We
explored temperatures from 300 to 600 K and a range of atmospheric
metallicities (100x, 1000x, 10000x solar); all simulated atmospheres produced
particles, and the cooler (300 and 400 K) 1000x solar metallicity
("H2O-dominated", CH4-rich) experiments exhibited haze production rates higher
than our standard Titan simulation (~10 mg/hr versus 7.4 mg/hr for Titan).
However the particle production rates varied greatly, with measured rates as
low as 0.04 mg/hr (100x solar metallicity, 600 K). Here we show that we should
expect some, but not all, super-Earth and mini-Neptune atmospheres to possess a
thick photochemically generated haze.

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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph