Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Complex organic molecules in low-mass protostars on Solar System scales
  -- II. Nitrogen-bearing species   The chemical inventory of planets is determined by the physical and chemical
processes that govern the early phases of star formation. The aim is to
investigate N-bearing complex organic molecules towards two Class 0 protostars
(B1-c and S68N) at millimetre wavelengths with ALMA. Next, the results of the
detected N-bearing species are compared with those of O-bearing species for the
same and other sources. ALMA observations in Band 6 ($\sim$ 1 mm) and Band 5
($\sim$ 2 mm) are studied at $\sim$ 0.5" resolution, complemented by Band 3
($\sim$ 3 mm) data in a $\sim$ 2.5" beam. NH2CHO, C2H5CN, HNCO, HN13CO, DNCO,
CH3CN, CH2DCN, and CHD2CN are identified towards the investigated sources.
Their abundances relative to CH3OH and HNCO are similar for the two sources,
with column densities that are typically an order of magnitude lower than those
of O-bearing species. The largest variations, of an order of magnitude, are
seen for NH2CHO abundance ratios with respect to HNCO and CH3OH and do not
correlate with the protostellar luminosity. In addition, within uncertainties,
the N-bearing species have similar excitation temperatures to those of
O-bearing species ($\sim$ 100 $\sim$ 300 K). The similarity of most abundances
with respect to HNCO, including those of CH2DCN and CHD2CN, hints at a shared
chemical history, especially the high D/H ratio in cold regions prior to star
formation. However, some of the variations in abundances may reflect the
sensitivity of the chemistry to local conditions such as temperature (e.g.
NH2CHO), while others may arise from differences in the emitting areas of the
molecules linked to their different binding energies in the ice. The two
sources discussed here add to the small number of sources with such a detailed
chemical analysis on Solar System scales. Future JWST data will allow a direct
comparison between the ice and gas abundances of N-bearing species.

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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: math
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph