Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Gate-tuned Differentiation of Surface-conducting States in
  Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3 Topological-insulator Thin Crystals   Using field-angle, temperature, and back-gate-voltage dependence of the weak
anti-localization (WAL) and universal conductance fluctuations of thin
Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3 topological-insulator single crystals, in combination with
gate-tuned Hall resistivity measurements, we reliably separated the surface
conduction of the topological nature from both the bulk conduction and
topologically trivial surface conduction. We minimized the bulk conduction in
the crystals and back-gate tuned the Fermi level to the topological
bottom-surface band while keeping the top surface insensitive to back-gating
with the optimal crystal thickness of ~?100 nm. We argue that the WAL effect
occurring by the coherent diffusive motion of carriers in relatively low
magnetic fields is more essential than other transport tools such as the
Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations for confirming the conduction by the
topologically protected surface state. Our approach provides a highly coherent
picture of the surface transport properties of TIs and a reliable means of
investigating the fundamental topological nature of surface conduction and
possible quantum-device applications related to momentum-locked spin
polarization in surface states.

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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org