Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Observing gravitational waves from the first generation of black holes   The properties of the first generation of black-hole seeds trace and
distinguish different models of formation of cosmic structure in the
high-redshift universe. The observational challenge lies in identifying black
holes in the mass range ~100-1000 solar masses at redshift z~10. The typical
frequencies of gravitational waves produced by the coalescence of the first
generation of light seed black-hole binaries fall in the gap between the
spectral ranges of low-frequency space-borne detectors (e.g., LISA) and
high-frequency ground-based detectors (e.g., LIGO, Virgo and GEO 600). As such,
these sources are targets for proposed third-generation ground-based
instruments, such as the Einstein Telescope which is currently in design study.
Using galaxy merger trees and four different models of black hole accretion -
which are meant to illustrate the potential of this new type of source rather
than to yield precise event-rate predictions - we find that such detectors
could observe a few to a few tens of seed black-hole merger events in three
years and provide, possibly unique, information on the evolution of structure
in the corresponding era. We show further that a network of detectors may be
able to measure the luminosity distance to sources to a precision of ~40%,
allowing us to be confident of the high-redshift nature of the sources.

23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat