Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Was Thebes Necessary? Contingency in Spatial Modelling   When data is poor we resort to theory modelling. This is a two-step process.
We have first to identify the appropriate type of model for the system under
consideration and then to tailor it to the specifics of the case. To understand
settlement formation, which is the concern of this paper, this not only
involves choosing input parameter values such as site separations but also
input functions which characterises the ease of travel between sites. Although
the generic behaviour of the model is understood, the details are not.
Different choices will necessarily lead to different outputs (for identical
inputs). We can only proceed if choices that are "close" give outcomes are
similar. Where there are local differences it suggests that there was no
compelling reason for one outcome rather than the other. If these differences
are important for the historic record we may interpret this as sensitivity to
contingency. We re-examine the rise of Greek city states as first formulated by
Rihll and Wilson in 1979, initially using the same "retail" gravity model. We
suggest that, whereas cities like Athens owe their position to a combination of
geography and proximity to other sites, the rise of Thebes is the most
contingent, whose success reflects social forces outside the grasp of simple
network modelling.

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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga