Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Causal Effects of Prenatal Drug Exposure on Birth Defects with Missing
  by Terathanasia   We investigate the causal effects of drug exposure on birth defects,
motivated by a recent cohort study of birth outcomes in pregnancies of women
treated with a given medication, that revealed a higher rate of major
structural birth defects in infants born to exposed versus unexposed women. An
outstanding problem in this study was the missing birth defect outcomes among
pregnancy losses resulting from spontaneous abortion. This led to missing not
at random because, according to the theory of "terathanasia", a defected fetus
is more likely to be spontaneously aborted. In addition, the previous analysis
stratified on live birth against spontaneous abortion, which was itself a
post-exposure variable and hence did not lead to causal interpretation of the
stratified results. In this paper we aimed to estimate and provide inference
for the causal parameters of scientific interest, including the principal
effects, making use of the missing data mechanism informed by terathanasia.
During this process we also dealt with complications in the data including left
truncation, observational nature, and rare events. We report our findings which
shed light on how studies on causal effects of medication or other exposures
during pregnancy may be analyzed.

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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th