Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Why do M dwarfs have more transiting planets?   We propose a planet formation scenario to explain the elevated occurrence
rates of transiting planets around M dwarfs compared to sun-like stars
discovered by Kepler. We use a pebble drift and accretion model to simulate the
growth of planet cores inside and outside of the snow line. A smaller pebble
size interior to the snow line delays the growth of super-Earths, allowing
giant planet cores in the outer disk to form first. When those giant planets
reach pebble isolation mass they cut off the flow of pebbles to the inner disk
and prevent the formation of close-in super-Earths. We apply this model to
stars with masses between 0.1 and 2 solar mass and for a range of initial disk
masses. We find that the masses of hot super-Earths and of cold giant planets
are anti-correlated. The fraction of our simulations that form hot super-Earths
is higher around lower-mass stars and matches the exoplanet occurrence rates
from Kepler. The fraction of simulations forming cold giant planets is
consistent with the stellar mass dependence from radial velocity surveys. A key
testable prediction of the pebble accretion hypothesis is that the occurrence
rates of super-Earths should decrease again for M dwarfs near the sub-stellar
boundary like Trappist-1.

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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: eess
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
2
The categories of this paper are: math
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat