Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Active Osmotic Exchanger for Efficient Nanofiltration Inspired by the
  Kidney   In this paper, we investigate the physical mechanisms underlying one of the
most efficient filtration devices: the kidney. Building on a minimal model of
the Henle loop - the central part of the kidney filtration - we investigate
theoretically the detailed out-of-equilibrium fluxes in this separation process
in order to obtain absolute theoretical bounds for its efficiency in terms of
separation ability and energy consumption. We demonstrate that this separation
process operates at a remarkably small energy cost as compared to traditional
sieving processes while working at much smaller pressures. This unique
energetic efficiency originates in the double-loop geometry of the nephron,
which operates as an active osmotic exchanger. The principles for an
artificial-kidney-inspired filtration device could be readily mimicked based on
existing soft technologies to build compact and low-energy artificial dialytic
devices. Such a "kidney on a chip" also points to new avenues for advanced
water recycling, targeting, in particular, sea-water pretreatment for
decontamination and hardness reduction.

24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex