Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Photon-energy dissipation caused by an external electric circuit in
  "virtual" photo-excitation processes   We consider generation of an electrical pulse by an optical pulse in the
``virtual excitation'' regime. The electronic system, which is any
electro-optic material including a quantum well structure biased by a dc
electric field, is assumed to be coupled to an external circuit. It is found
that the photon frequency is subject to an extra red shift in addition to the
usual self-phase modulation, whereas the photon number is conserved. The Joule
energy consumed in the external circuit is supplied only from the extra red
shift.

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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
16
The categories of this paper are: stat