Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Bosonization with a background $U(1)$ gauge field   Bosonization is one of the most significant frameworks to analyze fermionic
systems. In this work, we propose a new bosonization of Dirac fermion coupled
with $U(1)$ background gauge field consistent with gauge invariance, global
chiral anomaly matching and fermion-boson operator correspondence, either of
which is not satisfied by previously developed bosonizations. The bilinear
Dirac-mass term condensation paradox and its generalized form are resolved by
our bosonization. This new bosonization approach to interacting systems also
correctly captures the conformal characters of a significant class of critical
lattice models, such as conformal dimensions and conformal anomaly of XXZ spin
chain with twisted boundary condition. Our work clarifies the equivalence of
fermionic flux insertion and bosonic background charge insertion for
two-dimensional conformal field theory.

37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom