Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Competitive Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning with Counterfactual
  Thinking   Counterfactual thinking describes a psychological phenomenon that people
re-infer the possible results with different solutions about things that have
already happened. It helps people to gain more experience from mistakes and
thus to perform better in similar future tasks. This paper investigates the
counterfactual thinking for agents to find optimal decision-making strategies
in multi-agent reinforcement learning environments. In particular, we propose a
multi-agent deep reinforcement learning model with a structure which mimics the
human-psychological counterfactual thinking process to improve the competitive
abilities for agents. To this end, our model generates several possible actions
(intent actions) with a parallel policy structure and estimates the rewards and
regrets for these intent actions based on its current understanding of the
environment. Our model incorporates a scenario-based framework to link the
estimated regrets with its inner policies. During the iterations, our model
updates the parallel policies and the corresponding scenario-based regrets for
agents simultaneously. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed model, we
conduct extensive experiments on two different environments with real-world
applications. Experimental results show that counterfactual thinking can
actually benefit the agents to obtain more accumulative rewards from the
environments with fair information by comparing to their opponents while
keeping high performing efficiency.

8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
2
The categories of this paper are: math
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th