Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Modeling all alternative solutions for highly renewable energy systems   As the world is transitioning towards highly renewable energy systems,
advanced tools are needed to analyze such complex networks. Energy system
design is, however, challenged by real-world objective functions consisting of
a blurry mix of technical and socioeconomic agendas, with limitations that
cannot always be clearly stated. As a result, it is highly likely that
solutions which are techno-economically suboptimal will be preferable. Here, we
present a method capable of determining the continuum containing all
techno-economically near-optimal solutions, moving the field of energy system
modeling from discrete solutions to a new era where continuous solution ranges
are available. The presented method is applied to study a range of technical
and socioeconomic metrics on a model of the European electricity system. The
near-optimal region is found to be relatively flat allowing for solutions that
are slightly more expensive than the optimum but better in terms of equality,
land use, and implementation time.

23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph