Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The Scalability, Efficiency and Complexity of Universities and Colleges:
  A New Lens for Assessing the Higher Educational System   The growing need for affordable and accessible higher education is a major
global challenge for the 21st century. Consequently, there is a need to develop
a deeper understanding of the functionality and taxonomy of universities and
colleges and, in particular, how their various characteristics change with
size. Scaling has been a powerful tool for revealing systematic regularities in
systems across a range of topics from physics and biology to cities, and for
understanding the underlying principles of their organization and growth. Here,
we apply this framework to institutions of higher learning in the United States
and show that, like organisms, ecosystems and cities, they scale in a
surprisingly systematic fashion following simple power law behavior. We analyze
the entire spectrum encompassing 5,802 institutions ranging from large research
universities to small professional schools, organized in seven commonly used
sectors, which reveal distinct regimes of institutional scaling behavior.
Metrics include variation in expenditures, revenues, graduation rates and
estimated economic added value, expressed as functions of total enrollment, our
fundamental measure of size. Our results quantify how each regime of
institution leverages specific economies of scale to address distinct
priorities. Taken together, the scaling of features within a sector and shifts
in scaling across sectors implies that there are generic mechanisms and
constraints shared by all sectors which lead to tradeoffs between their
different societal functions and roles. We particularly highlight the strong
complementarity between public and private research universities, and community
and state colleges, four sectors that display superlinear returns to scale.

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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an