Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The Evolution and Space Weather Effects of Solar Coronal Holes   In recent years the role of space weather forecasting has grown tremendously
as our society increasingly relies on satellite dependent technologies. The
forecasting of flare and CME related transient geomagnetic storms has become a
primary initiative, however, minor magnetic storms caused by coronal holes
(CHs) have also proven to be of high importance due to their long lasting and
recurrent geomagnetic effects. In order to study CH properties, the author
developed an automated CH detection method (CHARM), which uses local intensity
histograms to identify CH boundaries. An additional algorithm package (CHEVOL)
was developed to study individual CHs by tracking their boundary evolution. It
is widely accepted that the short-term changes in CH boundaries are due to the
interchange reconnection between the CH open field lines and small loops. In
order to test the interchange reconnection model, the magnetic reconnection
rate and the diffusion coefficient at CH boundaries were determined using
observed CH boundary displacement velocities. The results were found to be in
agreement with those determined by the theory. The MIST algorithm was developed
by the author to build on the CHARM package, providing a fast and consistent
way to link CHs to high-speed solar wind periods detected at Earth. This
allowed us to carry out a long-term analysis (2000-2009) to study the
relationship between CHs, the corresponding HSSW properties, and geomagnetic
indices. The relationship between CH related high-speed solar wind streams and
the electron flux enhancements in the Van Allen radiation belt was confirmed.
The research presented in this thesis includes the small-scale analysis of
individual CHs on time scales of days, which is complemented with large scale
analysis of CH groups on time scales of years. This allowed us to further our
understanding of CH evolution as a whole.

18
The categories of this paper are: econ
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: eess
3
The categories of this paper are: physics