Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Intermediate-mass black holes born via repeated mergers are unlikely
  thermodynamically stable   Black hole (BH) thermodynamics is one of the most fascinating aspects of BH
physics. While its direct proof is challenging to observe for astrophysical
BHs, gravitational waves (GWs) have recently offered a new indirect powerful
method to probe that it is operating in the Universe. In this paper, we discuss
the thermodynamic stability of IMBHs that are born through repeated mergers of
stellar-mass BHs via GW emission in dense star clusters. We show that $\lesssim
20\%$ of the IMBHs born via repeated mergers are thermodynamically unstable for
a non-charged BH, while $\lesssim 40\%$ are thermodynamically unstable for a
moderately-charged BH. Only in the case of unlikely high charges, $\gtrsim
60\%$ of the IMBHs are thermodynamically stable. With the present and upcoming
GW missions, such as LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA, LISA, DECIGO, and ET that promise to
detect tens, or even hundreds, of IMBH mergers via GW emission in the next
decade, IMBH thermodynamics may soon be tested.

13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin