Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Flexibility management with virtual batteries of thermostatically
  controlled loads: real-time control system and potential in Spain   Load flexibility management is a promising approach to face the problem of
balancing generation and demand in electrical grids. This problem is becoming
increasingly difficult due to the variability of renewable energies.
Thermostatically controlled loads can be aggregated and managed by a virtual
battery, and they provide a cost-effective and efficient alternative to
physical storage systems to mitigate the inherent variability of renewable
energy sources. But virtual batteries require of an accurate control system
being capable of tracking frequency regulation signals with minimal error. A
real-time control system allowing virtual batteries to accurately track
frequency or power signals is developed. The performance of this controller is
validated for a virtual battery composed of 1,000 thermostatically controlled
loads. Using virtual batteries equipped with the developed controller, a study
focused on residential thermostatically controlled loads in Spain is performed.
The results of the study quantify the potential of this technology in a country
with different climate areas and provides insight about the feasibility of
virtual batteries as enablers of electrical systems with high levels of
penetration of renewable energy sources.

30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn