Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The third law of thermodynamics in open quantum systems   We consider open quantum systems consisting of a finite system of independent
fermions with arbitrary Hamiltonian coupled to one or more equilibrium fermion
reservoirs (which need not be in equilibrium with each other). A strong form of
the third law of thermodynamics, $S(T) \rightarrow 0$ as $T\rightarrow 0$, is
proven for fully open quantum systems in thermal equilibrium with their
environment, defined as systems where all states are broadened due to
environmental coupling. For generic open quantum systems, it is shown that
$S(T)\rightarrow g\ln 2$ as $T\rightarrow 0$, where $g$ is the number of
localized states lying exactly at the chemical potential of the reservoir. For
driven open quantum systems in a nonequilibrium steady state, it is shown that
the local entropy $S({\bf x}; T) \rightarrow 0$ as $T({\bf x})\rightarrow 0$,
except for cases of measure zero arising due to localized states, where $T({\bf
x})$ is the temperature measured by a local thermometer.

28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con