Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The Emergence of Heterogeneous Scaling in Research Institutions   Research institutions provide the infrastructure for scientific discovery,
yet their role in the production of knowledge is not well characterized. To
address this gap, we analyze interactions of researchers within and between
institutions from millions of scientific papers. Our analysis reveals that the
number of collaborations scales superlinearly with institution size, though at
different rates (heterogeneous densification). We also find that the number of
institutions scales with the number of researchers as a power law (Heaps' law)
and institution sizes approximate Zipf's law. These patterns can be reproduced
by a simple model with three mechanisms: (i) researchers collaborate with
friends-of-friends, (ii) new institutions trigger more potential institutions,
and (iii) researchers are preferentially hired by large institutions. This
model reveals an economy of scale in research: larger institutions grow faster
and amplify collaborations. Our work provides a new understanding of emergent
behavior in research institutions and how they facilitate innovation.

35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
19
The categories of this paper are: eess