Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Mitigating Wordline Crosstalk using Adaptive Trees of Counters   High access frequency of certain rows in the DRAM may cause data loss in
cells of physically adjacent rows due to crosstalk. The malicious exploit of
this crosstalk by repeatedly accessing a row to induce this effect is known as
row hammering. Additionally, inadvertent row hammering may also occur due to
the natural weighted nature of applications' access patterns.
  In this paper, we analyze the efficiency of existing approaches for
mitigating wordline crosstalk and demonstrate that they have been
conservatively designed. Given the unbalanced nature of DRAM accesses, a small
group of dynamically allocated counters in banks can deterministically detect
hot rows and mitigate crosstalk. Based on our findings, we propose a
Counter-based Adaptive Tree (CAT) approach to mitigate wordline crosstalk using
adaptive trees of counters to guide appropriate refreshing of vulnerable rows.
The key idea is to tune the distribution of the counters to the rows in a bank
based on the memory reference patterns. In contrast to deterministic solutions,
CAT utilizes fewer counters, making it practically feasible to be implemented
on-chip. Compared to existing probabilistic approaches, CAT more precisely
refreshes rows vulnerable to crosstalk based on their access frequency.
  Experimental results on workloads from four benchmark suites show that CAT
reduces the Crosstalk Mitigation Refresh Power Overhead in quad-core systems to
7%, which is an improvement over the 21% and 18% incurred in the leading
deterministic and probabilistic approaches, respectively. Moreover, CAT incurs
very low performance overhead (0.5%). Hardware synthesis evaluation shows that
CAT can be implemented on-chip with only a nominal area overhead.

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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol