Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A transparent waveguide chip for versatile TIRF-based microscopy and
  nanoscopy   Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) has enabled
low-background, live-cell friendly imaging of cell surfaces and other thin
samples thanks to the shallow penetration of the evanescent light field into
the sample. The implementation of TIRF on optical waveguide chips (c-TIRF) has
overcome historical limitations on the magnification and field of view (FOV)
compared to lens-based TIRF, and further allows the light to be guided in
complicated patterns that can be used for advanced imaging techniques or
selective stimulation of the sample. However, the opacity of the chips
themselves has thus far precluded their use on inverted microscopes and
complicated sample preparation and handling. In this work, we introduce a new
platform for c-TIRF imaging based on a transparent substrate, which is fully
compatible with sample handling and imaging procedures commonly used with a
standard #1.5 glass coverslip, and is fabricated using standard complementary
metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) techniques, which can easily be scaled up for
mass production. We demonstrate its performance on synthetic and biological
samples using both upright and inverted microscopes, and show how it can be
extended to super-resolution applications, achieving a resolution of 116 nm
using super resolution radial fluctuations (SRRF). These new chips retain the
scalable FOV of opaque chip-based TIRF and the high axial resolution of TIRF,
and have the versatility to be used with many different objective lenses,
microscopy methods, and handling techniques. We thus see c-TIRF as a technology
primed for widespread adoption, increasing both TIRF's accessibility to users
and the range of applications that can benefit from it.

11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
16
The categories of this paper are: stat