Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Do-search -- a tool for causal inference and study design with multiple
  data sources   Epidemiological evidence is based on multiple data sources including clinical
trials, cohort studies, surveys, registries and expert opinions. Merging
information from different sources opens up new possibilities for the
estimation of causal effects. We show how causal effects can be identified and
estimated by combining experiments and observations in real and realistic
scenarios. As a new tool, we present do-search, a recently developed
algorithmic approach that can determine the identifiability of a causal effect.
The approach is based on do-calculus, and it can utilize data with non-trivial
missing data and selection bias mechanisms. When the effect is identifiable,
do-search outputs an identifying formula on which numerical estimation can be
based. When the effect is not identifiable, we can use do-search to recognize
additional data sources and assumptions that would make the effect
identifiable. Throughout the paper, we consider the effect of salt-adding
behavior on blood pressure mediated by the salt intake as an example. The
identifiability of this effect is resolved in various scenarios with different
assumptions on confounding. There are scenarios where the causal effect is
identifiable from a chain of experiments but not from survey data, as well as
scenarios where the opposite is true. As an illustration, we use survey data
from NHANES 2013--2016 and the results from a meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials and estimate the reduction in average systolic blood pressure
under an intervention where the use of table salt is discontinued.

11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga