Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Probing Dark Matter Substructure in Lens Galaxies   We investigate the effects of numerous dark matter subhalos in a galaxy-sized
halo on the events of strong lensing, to assess their presence as expected from
the cold dark matter scenario. Lens galaxies are represented by a smooth
ellipsoid in an external shear field and additional cold dark matter subhalos
taken from Monte Carlo realizations which accord with recent N-body results. We
also consider other possible perturbers, globular clusters and luminous dwarf
satellites, for comparison. We then apply the models to the particular lens
systems with four images, B1422+231 and PG1115+080, for which smooth lens
models are unable to reproduce both the positions of the images and their radio
flux ratios or dust-free optical flux ratios simultaneously. We show that the
perturbations by both globular clusters and dwarf satellites are too small to
change the flux ratios, whereas cold dark matter subhalos are most likely
perturbers to reproduce the observed flux ratios in a statistically significant
manner. This result suggests us the presence of numerous subhalos in lens
galaxies, which is consistent with the results of cosmological N-body
simulations.

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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga