Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Temperature: The ignored factor in quantum mechanics   We have developed a theoretical formalism to introduce temperature as a
parameter into the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics using the
laws of classical thermodynamics and the canonical ensemble scheme of
statistical mechanics. A self-consistent Hamiltonian has then been constructed
for a given quantum many-body system which includes the effect of temperature
in the form of correction terms added to the corresponding zero-temperature
Hamiltonian of the system. Investigating some quantum mechanical systems with
exact zero-temperature solutions including the particle-in-a-box model, the
free particle, and the harmonic oscillator within our finite-temperature
approach up to the first order of self-consistency has led to
temperature-dependent Hamiltonians describing these systems above absolute zero
without encountering any physically unacceptable brand of behavior for their
wave functions and energy spectra. Results firmly support the view that a
quantum mechanical system at a finite temperature behaves as if it is in a
zero-temperature excited state.

16
The categories of this paper are: stat
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci