Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Metrics to find a surrogate endpoint of OS in metastatic oncology
  trials: a simulation study   Surrogate endpoint (SE) for overall survival (OS) in cancer patients is
essential to improving the efficiency of oncology drug development. In
practice, we may discover a new patient level association with OS in a
discovery cohort, and then measure the trial level association across studies
in a meta-analysis to validate the SE. In this work, we simulated pairs of
metrics to quantify the surrogacy at the patient level and the trial level and
evaluated their association, and to understand how well various patient level
metrics from the initial discovery would indicate the eventual utility as a SE.
  Across all the simulation scenarios, we found tight correlation among all the
patient level metrics, including C index, integrated brier score and log hazard
ratio between SE values and OS; and similar correlation between any of them and
the trial level association metric. Despite the continual increase in the true
biological link between SE and OS, both patient and trial level metrics often
plateaued coincidentally in many scenarios; their association always decreased
quickly.
  Under the SE development framework and data generation models considered
here, all patient level metrics are similar in ranking a candidate SE according
to its eventual trial level association; incorporating additional biological
factors into a SE are likely to have diminished return in improving both
patient level and trial level association.

2
The categories of this paper are: math
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph