Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Non-equilibrium coherence dynamics in one-dimensional Bose gases   Low-dimensional systems are beautiful examples of many-body quantum physics.
For one-dimensional systems the Luttinger liquid approach provides insight into
universal properties. Much is known of the equilibrium state, both in the
weakly and strongly interacting regime. However, it remains a challenge to
probe the dynamics by which this equilibrium state is reached. Here we present
a direct experimental study of the coherence dynamics in both isolated and
coupled degenerate 1d Bose gases. Dynamic splitting is used to create two 1d
systems in a phase coherent state. The time evolution of the coherence is
revealed in local phase shifts of the subsequently observed interference
patterns. Completely isolated 1d Bose gases are observed to exhibit a universal
sub-exponential coherence decay in excellent agreement with recent predictions
by Burkov et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 200404 (2007)]. For two coupled 1d Bose
gases the coherence factor is observed to approach a non-zero equilibrium value
as predicted by a Bogoliubov approach. This coupled-system decay to finite
coherence is the matter wave equivalent of phase locking two lasers by
injection. The non-equilibrium dynamics of superfluids plays an important role
in a wide range of physical systems, such as superconductors, quantum-Hall
systems, superfluid Helium, and spin systems. Our experiments studying
coherence dynamics show that 1d Bose gases are ideally suited for investigating
this class of phenomena.

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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph