Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Efficient collective swimming by harnessing vortices through deep
  reinforcement learning   Fish in schooling formations navigate complex flow-fields replete with
mechanical energy in the vortex wakes of their companions. Their schooling
behaviour has been associated with evolutionary advantages including collective
energy savings. How fish harvest energy from their complex fluid environment
and the underlying physical mechanisms governing energy-extraction during
collective swimming, is still unknown. Here we show that fish can improve their
sustained propulsive efficiency by actively following, and judiciously
intercepting, vortices in the wake of other swimmers. This swimming strategy
leads to collective energy-savings and is revealed through the first ever
combination of deep reinforcement learning with high-fidelity flow simulations.
We find that a `smart-swimmer' can adapt its position and body deformation to
synchronise with the momentum of the oncoming vortices, improving its average
swimming-efficiency at no cost to the leader. The results show that fish may
harvest energy deposited in vortices produced by their peers, and support the
conjecture that swimming in formation is energetically advantageous. Moreover,
this study demonstrates that deep reinforcement learning can produce navigation
algorithms for complex flow-fields, with promising implications for energy
savings in autonomous robotic swarms.

34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex