Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Inducing and Manipulating Magnetization in Two-Dimensional ZnO by Strain
  and External Gating   Two-dimensional structures that exhibit intriguing magnetic phenomena such as
perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and switchable magnetization are of great
interests in spintronics research. Herein, the density-functional theory
studies reveal the critical impacts of strain and external gating on
vacancy-induced magnetism and its spin direction in a graphene-like single
layer of zinc oxide (ZnO). In contrast to the pristine and defective ZnO with
an O-vacancy, the presence of a Zn-vacancy induces significant magnetic moments
to its first neighboring O and Zn atoms due to the charge deficit. We further
predict that the direction of magnetization easy axis reverses from an in-plane
to perpendicular orientation under a practically achieved biaxial compressive
strain of $\sim$1--2\% or applying an electric-field by means of the charge
density modulation. This magnetization reversal is driven by the strain- and
electric-field-induced changes in the spin-orbit coupled \emph{d} states of the
first-neighbor Zn atom to the Zn-vacancy. These findings open interesting
prospects for exploiting strain and electric-field engineering to manipulate
magnetism and magnetization orientation of two-dimensional materials.

13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph