Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Formalizing Nakamoto-Style Proof of Stake   Fault-tolerant distributed systems move the trust in a single party to a
majority of parties participating in the protocol. This makes blockchain based
crypto-currencies possible: they allow parties to agree on a total order of
transactions without a trusted third party. To trust a distributed system, the
security of the protocol and the correctness of the implementation must be
indisputable.
  We present the first machine checked proof that guarantees both safety and
liveness for a consensus algorithm. We verify a Proof of Stake (PoS)
Nakamoto-style blockchain (NSB) protocol, using the foundational proof
assistant Coq.
  In particular, we consider a PoS NSB in a synchronous network with a static
set of corrupted parties. We define execution semantics for this setting and
prove chain growth, chain quality, and common prefix which together imply both
safety and liveness.

32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg