Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Massive galaxy clusters as gravitational telescopes for distant
  supernovae   We investigate the potential of using massive clusters as gravitational
telescopes for searches and studies of supernovae of Type Ia and Type II in
optical and near-infrared bands at central wavelengths in the interval 0.8-1.25
microns. Using high-redshift supernova rates derived from the measured star
formation rate, we find the most interesting effects for the detection of
core-collapse SNe in searches at limiting magnitudes m_lim~25-26.5 mag, where
the total detection rate could be significantly enhanced and the number of
detectable events is considerable even in a small field. For shallower
searches, ~24, a net gain factor of up to 3 in the discovery rate could be
obtained, and yet a much larger factor for very high source redshifts. For
programs such as the GOODS/ACS transient survey, the discovery rate of
supernovae beyond z~2 could be significantly increased if the observations were
done in the direction of massive clusters. For extremely deep observations,
m_lim > 27 mag, or for very bright SNe (e.g. Type Ia) the competing effect of
field reduction by lensing dominates, and fewer supernovae are likely to be
discovered behind foreground clusters.

22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
2
The categories of this paper are: math
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ