Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Predictable patterns in planetary transit timing variations and transit
  duration variations due to exomoons   We present new ways to identify single and multiple moons around extrasolar
planets using planetary transit timing variations (TTVs) and transit duration
variations (TDVs). For planets with one moon, measurements from successive
transits exhibit a hitherto undescribed pattern in the TTV-TDV diagram,
originating from the stroboscopic sampling of the planet's orbit around the
planet-moon barycenter. This pattern is fully determined and analytically
predictable after three consecutive transits. The more measurements become
available, the more the TTV-TDV diagram approaches an ellipse. For planets with
multiple moons in orbital mean motion resonance (MMR), like the Galilean moons,
the pattern is much more complex and addressed numerically in this report.
Exomoons in MMR can also form closed, predictable TTV-TDV figures if the drift
of the moons' pericenters is sufficiently slow. We find that MMR exomoons
produce loops in the TTV-TDV diagram and that the number of these loops is
equal to the order of the MMR, or the largest integer in the MMR ratio. We use
a Bayesian model and Monte Carlo simulations to test the discoverability of
exomoons using TTV-TDV diagrams with current and near-future technology. In a
blind test, two of us (BP, DA) successfully retrieved a large moon from
simulated TTV-TDV by co-authors MH and RH, which resembled data from a known
Kepler planet candidate. Single exomoons with a 10% moon-to-planet mass ratio,
like to Pluto-Charon binary, can be detectable in the archival data of the
Kepler primary mission. Multi-exomoon systems, however, require either larger
telescopes or brighter target stars. Complementary detection methods invoking a
moon's own photometric transit or its orbital sampling effect can be used for
validation or falsification. A combination of TESS, CHEOPS, and PLATO data
would offer a compelling opportunity for exomoon discoveries around bright
stars.

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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: nlin