Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Cosmic-ray-induced dissociation and reactions in warm interstellar ices   Context. Cosmic ray particles that hit interstellar grains in dark molecular
cores may induce whole-grain heating. The high temperature of a CR-heated grain
allows energy barriers for bulk diffusion and reactions to be overcome.
Additionally, ice molecules are destroyed by direct cosmic-ray induced
dissociation. Aims. We provide a justified estimate of the significance of
cosmic-ray induced surface-mantle diffusion, chemical reactions in ice, and
dissociation of ice species in a star-forming interstellar cloud core. Methods.
We considered a gas clump in a collapsing low-mass prestellar core and during
the initial stages of protostellar envelope heating with a three-phase chemical
kinetics model. The model includes a proper treatment of the stochastic aspect
of whole-grain heating and new experimental data for dissociation. Results. We
found that the cosmic-ray-induced effects are mostly limited to an increase in
abundance for carbon-chain species. The effect on major species abundances is a
few percentage points at most. The HNC to HCN ice abundance ratio in ice is
increased. Conclusions. Among the processes considered in the model,
dissociation is probably the most significant, while diffusion and reactions on
warm grains are less important. All three processes facilitate the synthesis of
complex molecules, including organic species.

8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg