Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Rapid host switching in generalist Campylobacter strains erodes the
  signal for tracing human infections   Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the biggest causes of
bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world, with human infections
typically arising from zoonotic transmission associated with infected meat,
especially poultry. Because this organism is not thought to survive well
outside of the gut, host associated populations are genetically isolated to
varying degrees. Therefore the likely origin of most Campylobacter strains can
be determined by host-associated variation in the genome. This is instructive
for characterizing the source of human infection at the population level.
However, some common strains appear to have broad host ranges, hindering source
attribution. Whole genome sequencing has the potential to reveal fine-scale
genetic structure associated with host specificity within each of these
strains.
  We found that rates of zoonotic transmission among animal host species in
ST-21, ST-45 and ST-828 clonal complexes were so high that the signal of host
association is all but obliterated. We attributed 89% of clinical cases to a
chicken source, 10% to cattle and 1% to pig. Our results reveal that common
strains of C. jejuni and C. coli infectious to humans are adapted to a
generalist lifestyle, permitting rapid transmission between different hosts.
Furthermore, they show that the weak signal of host association within these
complexes presents a challenge for pinpointing the source of clinical
infections, underlining the view that whole genome sequencing, powerful though
it is, cannot substitute for intensive sampling of suspected transmission
reservoirs.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol