Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Sounds of COVID-19: exploring realistic performance of audio-based
  digital testing   Researchers have been battling with the question of how we can identify
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases efficiently, affordably and at scale.
Recent work has shown how audio based approaches, which collect respiratory
audio data (cough, breathing and voice) can be used for testing, however there
is a lack of exploration of how biases and methodological decisions impact
these tools' performance in practice. In this paper, we explore the realistic
performance of audio-based digital testing of COVID-19. To investigate this, we
collected a large crowdsourced respiratory audio dataset through a mobile app,
alongside recent COVID-19 test result and symptoms intended as a ground truth.
Within the collected dataset, we selected 5,240 samples from 2,478 participants
and split them into different participant-independent sets for model
development and validation. Among these, we controlled for potential
confounding factors (such as demographics and language). The unbiased model
takes features extracted from breathing, coughs, and voice signals as
predictors and yields an AUC-ROC of 0.71 (95\% CI: 0.65$-$0.77). We further
explore different unbalanced distributions to show how biases and participant
splits affect performance. Finally, we discuss how the realistic model
presented could be integrated in clinical practice to realize continuous,
ubiquitous, sustainable and affordable testing at population scale.

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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol