Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Wilson line breaking and gauge coupling unification   We estimate the effect of threshold corrections coming from Wilson lines to
gauge coupling unification in the weakly coupled heterotic string with orbifold
compactification. By expressing the corrections in terms of an effective field
theory calculation we are able to estimate the minimal threshold corrections in
a realistic model without constructing the full string theory. Using this we
show that the effect of the gauge boson Kaluza Klein excitations is
systematically to reduce the string prediction for the unification scale. In
the case of discrete Wilson lines the effect of the Wilson lines on both the
gauge and matter sectors is fixed. We show that the combined effect of the
gauge and matter threshold corrections of the Kaluza Klein excitations of the
MSSM states can readily bring both the prediction for the unification scale and
for the strong coupling constant into good agreement with experiment.

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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con