Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Navigation of C. elegans in three-dimensional media: roll maneuvers and
  planar turns   Free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful genetic model,
essential for investigations ranging from behavior to neuroscience to aging,
and locomotion is a key observable used in these studies. However, despite the
fact that in its natural environment C. elegans moves in three-dimensional (3D)
complex media (decomposing organic matter and water), quantitative in
vestigations of its locomotion have been limited to two-dimensional (2D)
motion. Based on our recent quantitative analysis of 2D turning maneuvers
[Phys. Fluids 25, 081902 (2013)] we follow with the first quantitative
description of how C. elegans moves in 3D environments. We show that by
superposing body torsion and 2D undulations, a burrowing or swimming nematode
can rotate the undulation plane. A combination of these roll maneuvers and 2D
turns associated with variation of undulation-wave parameters allows the
nematode to explore 3D space. We apply our model to analyze 3D chemotaxis of
nematodes burrowing in a gel and swimming in water; we conclude that the
nematode can achieve efficient chemotaxis in different environments without
adjusting its sensory-motor response to chemical signals. Implications of our
findings for understanding of 3D neuromuscular control of nematode body are
discussed.

10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
16
The categories of this paper are: stat