Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function at the Dawn of Gaia   The [O III] 5007 Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function (PNLF) is an excellent
extragalactic standard candle. In theory, the PNLF method should not work at
all, since the luminosities of the brightest planetary nebulae (PNe) should be
highly sensitive to the age of their host stellar population. Yet the method
appears robust, as it consistently produces < 10% distances to galaxies of all
Hubble types, from the earliest ellipticals to the latest-type spirals and
irregulars. It is therefore uniquely suited for cross-checking the results of
other techniques and finding small offsets between the Population I and
Population II distance ladders. We review the calibration of the method and
show that the zero points provided by Cepheids and the Tip of the Red Giant
Branch are in excellent agreement. We then compare the results of the PNLF with
those from Surface Brightness Fluctuation measurements, and show that, although
both techniques agree in a relative sense, the latter method yields distances
that are ~15% larger than those from the PNLF. We trace this discrepancy back
to the calibration galaxies and argue that, due to a small systematic error
associated with internal reddening, the true distance scale likely falls
between the extremes of the two methods. We also demonstrate how PNLF
measurements in the early-type galaxies that have hosted Type Ia supernovae can
help calibrate the SN Ia maximum magnitude-rate of decline relation. Finally,
we discuss how the results from space missions such as Kepler and Gaia can help
our understanding of the PNLF phenomenon and improve our knowledge of the
physics of local planetary nebulae.

18
The categories of this paper are: econ
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph