Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Constraining the baryon loading factor of AGN jets: implication from the
  gamma-ray emission of the Coma cluster   High-energy cosmic rays (CRs) can be accelerated in the relativistic jets of
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) powered by supermassive black holes. The baryon
loading efficiency onto relativistic CR baryons from the accreting black holes
is poorly constrained by observations so far. In this paper, we suggest that
the $\gamma$-ray emission of galaxy clusters can be used to study the baryon
loading factor of AGN jets, since CRs injected by AGN jets are completely
confined in the galaxy clusters and sufficiently interact with intra-cluster
medium via hadronic process, producing diffuse $\gamma$-rays. We study the
propagation of CRs in the galaxy clusters and calculate the radial distribution
of the gamma-rays in the galaxy cluster with different injection rates from
AGNs. By comparison with the $\gamma$-ray flux and upper limits of the Coma
cluster measured by $Fermi$-LAT and VERITAS, we find the upper limit of the
average baryon loading factor {(defined as the efficiency with which the
gravitational energy is converted into relativistic particles)} to be $\eta_{p,
\mathrm{grav}} < 0.1$. The upper limit is much lower than that required to
account for diffuse neutrino flux in the conventional blazar models.

1
The categories of this paper are: cs
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
2
The categories of this paper are: math
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex