Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Phase Transformation in Self-Organized Carbon Tribolayers   The simplest way to obtain thin carbon layers is to draw or rub with a
graphite rod. During rubbing, forces of friction acting in graphite/substrate
tribological system cause drastic changes in the structure of the interface
stratum developing thereby stable self-organized and ordered thin structure. We
present a pioneering experimental investigation of structural and morphological
transformations in carbon tribolayers (CTL). By optical microscopy observation
it is found that CTL is a multilayer structure, the essential building block of
which is a transparent phase shaped as a lamina in-between the surface and
bottom disordered layers of CTL. The surface of the lamina exhibits non-linear
electrical conductivity near zero bias on I-V characteristics. The optical
properties of the whole CTL are mostly controlled by physical processes
occurring in the transparent lamina. The Raman spectrum of CTL contains narrow
bands at 1,589 cm-1 and 1,346 cm-1 corresponding to G and D bands of carbon
crystal lattice. The observed features are interpreted using the relationship
between the bond length and corresponding band frequency, r2{\omega}= const.
Optical absorption of CTL has a feature at 4.6 eV originating from strong
electron-hole interaction. From comparative analysis of experimental data,
structural-spectral correspondence is found. It is concluded that because of
phase transformation during rubbing, a carbon structure consisting of sp3
lamina with a nano-scaled thick sp2 layer on the top is shaped.

13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
16
The categories of this paper are: stat