Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The Role of Energy Scales for the Structure of Ionic Liquids at
  Electrified Interfaces -- A Theory-Based Approach   Ionic liquids offer unique bulk and interfacial characteristics as battery
electrolytes. Our continuum approach naturally describes the electrolyte on a
macroscale. An integral formulation for the molecular repulsion,which can be
quantitatively determined by both experimental and theoretical methods, models
the electrolyteon the nanoscale. In this article, we perform a systematic
series expansion of this integral formulation, derive a description of chemical
potentials in terms of higher-order concentration gradients, and rationalize
the appearance of fourth-order derivative-operators in modified Poisson
equations, recently proposed in this context. In this way, we formulate a
rigorous multi-scale methodology from atomistic quantum chemistry calculations
to phenomenologic continuum models. We apply our generalized framework to ionic
liquids near electrified interfaces and perform analytic asymptotic analysis.
Three energy scales describing electrostatic forces between ions, molecular
repulsion, and thermal motion determine the shape and width of the long-ranging
charged double layer. We classify the charge screening mechanisms dependent on
the system parameters dielectricity, ionsize, interaction strength, and
temperature. We find that the charge density of electrochemical double layers
in ionic liquids either decays exponentially, for negligible molecular
repulsion, or oscillates continuously. Charge ordering across several
ion-diameters occurs if the repulsion between molecules is comparable with
thermal energy and Coulomb interaction. Eventually, phase separation of the
bulk electrolyte into ionic layers emerges once the molecular repulsion becomes
dominant. Our framework predicts the exact phase boundaries between these three
phases as function of temperature, dielectricity and ion-sizes.

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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: math
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an