Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The Effects of a Photoionizing UV Background on the Formation of Disk
  Galaxies   We use high resolution N-body/gasdynamical simulations to investigate the
effects of a photoionizing UV background on the assembly of disk galaxies in
hierarchically clustering universes. We focus on the mass and rotational
properties of gas that can cool to form centrifugally supported disks in dark
matter halos of different mass. Photoheating can significantly reduce the
amount of gas that can cool in galactic halos. Depending on the strength of the
UV background field, the amount of cooled gas can be reduced by up to $50\%$ in
systems with circular speeds in the range $80$-$200$ \kms. The magnitude of the
effect, however, is not enough to solve the ``overcooling'' problem that
plagues hierarchical models of galaxy formation if the UV background is chosen
to be consistent with estimates based on recent observations of QSO absorption
systems. Photoionization has little effect on the collapse of gas at high
redshift and affects preferentially gas that is accreted at late times. Since
disks form inside-out, accreting higher angular momentum gas at later times,
disks formed in the presence of a UV background have spins that are even
smaller than those formed in simulations that do not include the effects of
photoionization. This exacerbates the angular momentum problem that afflicts
hierarchical models of disk formation. We conclude that photoionization cannot
provide the heating mechanism required to reconcile hierarchically clustering
models with observations. Energy feedback and enrichment processes from the
formation and evolution of stars must therefore be indispensable ingredients
for any successful model of the formation of disk galaxies.

24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas