Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Toll signaling enhances mosquito antiplasmodial immunity by promoting differentiation of hemocytes to the Megacyte lineage Activation of Toll signaling in Anopheles gambiae, by silencing Cactus, eliminates Plasmodium ookinetes by enhancing local release of hemocytes-derived microvesicles that promote activation of the mosquito complement-like system. A new effector hemocyte subpopulation of large granulocytes, the megacytes, was recently identified. We report that Cactus silencing dramatically increases the proportion of megacytes, from 5 to 79% of circulating granulocytes. Transcriptomic and morphological analysis, as well as in situ hybridization and expression of cell-specific markers, indicate that Cactus silencing triggers granulocyte differentiation into megacytes. Megacytes are very plastic cells that can extend long filopodia and tend to form clusters in vivo. Moreover, megacytes are massively recruited to the basal midgut surface in response to bacterial feeding and Plasmodium infection. We propose that Toll signaling promotes differentiation of granulocytes to the megacyte lineage, a major cellular effector of antibacterial and antiplasmodial immunity.
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The categories of this paper are: neuroscience
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The categories of this paper are: pharmacology
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The categories of this paper are: toxicology
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The categories of this paper are: genetics
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The categories of this paper are: animal
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The categories of this paper are: cognition
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The categories of this paper are: cancer
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The categories of this paper are: paleontology
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The categories of this paper are: genomics
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The categories of this paper are: evolutionary
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The categories of this paper are: and
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The categories of this paper are: ecology
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The categories of this paper are: bioinformatics
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The categories of this paper are: synthetic
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The categories of this paper are: biochemistry
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The categories of this paper are: biophysics