Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Flash Crash for Cash: Cyber Threats in Decentralized Finance   Decentralized Finance (DeFi) took shape in 2020. An unprecedented amount of
over 14 billion USD moved into DeFi projects offering trading, loans and
insurance. But its growth has also drawn the attention of malicious actors.
Many projects were exploited as quickly as they launched and millions of USD
were lost. While many developers understand integer overflows and reentrancy
attacks, security threats to the DeFi ecosystem are more complex and still
poorly understood. In this paper we provide the first overview of in-the-wild
DeFi security incidents. We observe that many of these exploits are market
attacks, weaponizing weakly implemented business logic in one protocol with
credit provided by another to inflate appropriations. Rather than misusing
individual protocols, attackers increasingly use DeFi's strength of
permissionless composability against itself. By providing the first holistic
analysis of real-world security incidents within the nascent financial
ecosystem DeFi is, we hope to inform threat modeling in decentralized
cryptoeconomic initiatives in the years ahead.

29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
2
The categories of this paper are: math
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: eess
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio