Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: On stochastic heating and its phase-space signatures in low-$\beta$
  kinetic turbulence   We revisit the theory of stochastic heating of ions and investigate its
phase-space signatures in kinetic turbulence of relevance to low-$\beta$
portions of the solar wind. We retain a full scale-dependent approach in our
treatment, and consider the case in which electric-field fluctuations can be
described by a generalized Ohm's law that includes Hall and thermo-electric
effects. These two electric-field terms provide the dominant contributions to
stochastic ion heating when the ion-Larmor scale is much smaller than the ion
skin depth, $\rho_{\mathrm{i}}\ll d_{\mathrm{i}}$, which is the case at
$\beta{\ll}1$. Employing well-known spectral scaling laws for Alfv\'en-wave and
kinetic-Alfv\'en-wave turbulent fluctuations, we obtain scaling relations
characterizing the field-perpendicular particle-energization rate and energy
diffusion coefficient associated with stochastic heating in these two regimes.
Phase-space signatures of ion heating are then investigated using 3D
hybrid-kinetic simulations of continuously driven Alfv\'enic turbulence at low
$\beta$. In these simulations, energization of ions parallel to the magnetic
field is sub-dominant compared to its perpendicular counterpart
($Q_{\parallel,\mathrm{i}}\ll Q_{\perp,\mathrm{i}}$), and the fraction of
turbulent energy that goes into ion heating is ${\approx}75$\% at
$\beta_{\mathrm{i}}=0.3$ and ${\approx}40$\% at
$\beta_{\mathrm{i}}{\simeq}0.1$. The phase-space signatures of ion energization
are consistent with Landau-resonant collisionless damping and a
($\beta$-dependent) combination of ion-cyclotron and stochastic heating. We
demonstrate good agreement between our theory and various signatures associated
with the stochastic portion of the heating. We discuss the effect of
intermittency on stochastic heating and the implications of our work for the
interpretation of stochastic heating in solar-wind spacecraft data.

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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph