Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Probing the evolution of early-type cluster galaxies through chemical
  enrichment   A simple chemical enrichment model for cluster early-type galaxies is
described in which the mechanisms considered in the evolutionary model are
infall of primordial gas, outflows and a possible variation in the star
formation efficiency. We find that - within the framework of our models - only
outflows can generate a suitable range of metallicities. The chemical
enrichment tracks can be combined with the latest population synthesis models
to simulate clusters over a wide redshift range, for a set of toy models. The
color-magnitude relation of local clusters is used as a constraint, fixing the
correlation between absolute luminosity and ejected fraction of gas from
outflows. It is found that the correlations between color or mass-to-light
ratios and absolute luminosity are degenerate with respect to most of the input
parameters. However, a significant change between monolithic and hierarchical
models is predicted for redshifts $z\simgt 1$. The comparison between predicted
and observed mass-to-light ratios yield an approximate linear bias between
total and stellar masses: $M_{\rm Tot}\propto M_{\rm St}^{1.15\pm 0.08}$ in
early-type galaxies. If we assume that outflows constitute the driving
mechanism for the colors observed in cluster early type galaxies, the
metallicity of the intracluster medium (ICM) can be linked to outflows. The
color-magnitude constraint requires faint $M_V\sim -16$ galaxies to eject 85%
of their gas, which means that most of the metals in the ICM may have
originated in these dwarf galaxies.

22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
2
The categories of this paper are: math
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat