Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Multistate nonvolatile straintronics controlled by a lateral electric
  field   We present a multifunctional and multistate permanent memory device based on
lateral electric field control of a strained surface. Sub-coercive electrical
writing of a remnant strain of a PZT substrate imprints stable and rewritable
resistance changes on a CoFe overlayer. A proof-of-principle device, with the
simplest resistance strain gage design, is shown as a memory cell exhibiting
17-memory states of high reproducibility and reliability for nonvolatile
operations. Magnetoresistance of the film also depends on the cell state, and
indicates a rewritable change of magnetic properties persisting in the remnant
strain of the substrate. This makes it possible to combine strain, magnetic and
resistive functionalities in a single memory element, and suggests that
sub-coercive stress studies are of interest for straintronics applications.

32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom