Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Active muscular hydraulics What limits the rate of contraction in muscle? The molecular cycling of actomyosin crossbridges has typically been assumed to be rate limiting, but muscle is a soft, wet and active tissue that is spatially heterogeneous and heirarchically organized across multiple scales. We propose a minimal multiscale model that describes muscle as an active sponge and show how contractions generically induce intracellular fluid flow and power active hydraulic oscillations which dictate the fastest rate of muscle contraction. A key feature is the presence of spatially heterogeneous strains and local volumetric deformations, which we validate by reanalyzing data from existing experiments across different species and muscle types. We further demonstrate that the viscoelastic response of muscle is naturally nonreciprocal (or  odd) due to its active and anisotropic nature and highlight a novel consequence, whereby periodic cycles in strain alone can produce work. Our work suggests a revised view of muscle dynamics that emphasizes the multiscale spatial aspects in addition to temporal aspects, with implications for physiology, biomechanics and locomotion.
2
The categories of this paper are: biology
11
The categories of this paper are: cognition
20
The categories of this paper are: pharmacology
7
The categories of this paper are: ecology
5
The categories of this paper are: cell
15
The categories of this paper are: developmental
1
The categories of this paper are: bioinformatics
24
The categories of this paper are: cancer
32
The categories of this paper are: zoology
8
The categories of this paper are: genomics
23
The categories of this paper are: immunology
12
The categories of this paper are: behavior
21
The categories of this paper are: toxicology
30
The categories of this paper are: scientific
29
The categories of this paper are: education
28
The categories of this paper are: communication