Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Analysis of rainfall seasonality from observations and climate models   Two new indicators of rainfall seasonality based on information entropy, the
relative entropy (RE) and the dimensionless seasonality index (DSI), together
with the mean annual rainfall, are evaluated on a global scale for recently
updated precipitation gridded datasets and for historical simulations from
coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models. The RE provides a measure
of the number of wet months and, for precipitation regimes featuring one
maximum in the monthly rain distribution, it is related to the duration of the
wet season. The DSI combines the rainfall intensity with its degree of
seasonality and it is an indicator of the extent of the global monsoon region.
We show that the RE and the DSI are fairly independent of the time resolution
of the precipitation data, thereby allowing objective metrics for model
intercomparison and ranking.
  Regions with different precipitation regimes are classified and characterized
in terms of RE and DSI. Comparison of different land observational datasets
reveals substantial difference in their local representation of seasonality. It
is shown that two-dimensional maps of RE provide an easy way to compare
rainfall seasonality from various datasets and to determine areas of interest.
CMIP5 models consistently overestimate the RE over tropical Latin America and
underestimate it in Western Africa and East Asia. It is demonstrated that
positive RE biases in a GCM are associated with simulated monthly precipitation
fractions which are too large during the wet months and too small in the months
preceding the wet season; negative biases are instead due to an excess of
rainfall during the dry months.

31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat