Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A controlled study of cold dust content in galaxies from $z=0-2$   At $z=1-3$, the formation of new stars is dominated by dusty galaxies whose
far-IR emission indicates they contain colder dust than local galaxies of a
similar luminosity. We explore the reasons for the evolving IR emission of
similar galaxies over cosmic time using: 1) Local galaxies from GOALS $(L_{\rm
IR}=10^{11}-10^{12}\,L_\odot)$; 2) Galaxies at $z\sim0.1-0.5$ from the 5MUSES
($L_{\rm IR}=10^{10}-10^{12}\,L_\odot$); 3) IR luminous galaxies spanning
$z=0.5-3$ from GOODS and Spitzer xFLS ($L_{\rm IR}>10^{11}\,L_\odot$). All
samples have Spitzer mid-IR spectra, and Herschel and ground-based
submillimeter imaging covering the full IR spectral energy distribution,
allowing us to robustly measure $L_{\rm IR}^{\rm\scriptscriptstyle SF}$,
$T_{\rm dust}$, and $M_{\rm dust}$ for every galaxy. Despite similar infrared
luminosities, $z>0.5$ dusty star forming galaxies have a factor of 5 higher
dust masses and 5K colder temperatures. The increase in dust mass is linked
with an increase in the gas fractions with redshift, and we do not observe a
similar increase in stellar mass or star formation efficiency.
$L_{160}^{\rm\scriptscriptstyle SF}/L_{70}^{\rm\scriptscriptstyle SF}$, a proxy
for $T_{\rm dust}$, is strongly correlated with $L_{\rm
IR}^{\rm\scriptscriptstyle SF}/M_{\rm dust}$ independently of redshift. We
measure merger classification and galaxy size for a subsample, and there is no
obvious correlation between these parameters and $L_{\rm IR}^{\rm
\scriptscriptstyle SF}/M_{\rm dust}$ or $L_{160}^{\rm\scriptscriptstyle
SF}/L_{70}^{\rm\scriptscriptstyle SF}$. In dusty star forming galaxies, the
change in $L_{\rm IR}^{\rm\scriptscriptstyle SF}/M_{\rm dust}$ can fully
account for the observed colder dust temperatures, suggesting that any change
in the spatial extent of the interstellar medium is a second order effect.

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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph