Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Nucleation of dislocations and their dynamics in layered oxides cathode
  materials during battery charging   Defects and their interactions in crystalline solids often underpin material
properties and functionality as they are decisive for stability, result in
enhanced diffusion, and act as a reservoir of vacancies. Recently, lithium-rich
layered oxides have emerged among the leading candidates for the
next-generation energy storage cathode material, delivering 50 % excess
capacity over commercially used compounds. Oxygen-redox reactions are believed
to be responsible for the excess capacity, however, voltage fading has
prevented commercialization of these new materials. Despite extensive research
the understanding of the mechanisms underpinning oxygen-redox reactions and
voltage fade remain incomplete. Here, using operando three-dimensional Bragg
coherent diffractive imaging, we directly observe nucleation of a mobile
dislocation network in nanoparticles of lithium-rich layered oxide material.
Surprisingly, we find that dislocations form more readily in the lithium-rich
layered oxide material as compared with a conventional layered oxide material,
suggesting a link between the defects and the anomalously high capacity in
lithium-rich layered oxides. The formation of a network of partial dislocations
dramatically alters the local lithium environment and contributes to the
voltage fade. Based on our findings we design and demonstrate a method to
recover the original high voltage functionality. Our findings reveal that the
voltage fade in lithium-rich layered oxides is reversible and call for new
paradigms for improved design of oxygen-redox active materials.

25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
2
The categories of this paper are: math
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph