Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Interface-generated spin currents   Transport calculations based on ab-initio band structures reveal large
interface-generated spin currents at Co/Pt, Co/Cu, and Pt/Cu interfaces. These
spin currents are driven by in-plane electric fields but flow out-of-plane, and
can have similar strengths to spin currents generated by the spin Hall effect
in bulk Pt. Each interface generates spin currents with polarization along
$\bf{\hat{z}} \times \bf{E}$, where $\bf{\hat{z}}$ is the interface normal and
$\bf{E}$ denotes the electric field. The Co/Cu and Co/Pt interfaces
additionally generate spin currents with polarization along $\bf{\hat{m}}
\times (\bf{\hat{z}} \times \bf{E})$, where $\bf{\hat{m}}$ gives the
magnetization direction of Co. The latter spin polarization is controlled
by---but not aligned with---the magnetization, providing a novel mechanism for
generating spin torques in magnetic trilayers.

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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg