Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Probabilistically Violating the First Law of Thermodynamics in a Quantum
  Heat Engine   Fluctuations of thermodynamic observables, such as heat and work, contain
relevant information on the underlying physical process. These fluctuations are
however not taken into account in the traditional laws of thermodynamics. While
the second law is extended to fluctuating systems by the celebrated fluctuation
theorems, the first law is generally believed to hold even in the presence of
fluctuations. Here we show that in the presence of quantum fluctuations, also
the first law of thermodynamics may break down. This happens because quantum
mechanics imposes constraints on the knowledge of heat and work. To illustrate
our results, we provide a detailed case-study of work and heat fluctuations in
a quantum heat engine based on a circuit QED architecture. We find
probabilistic violations of the first law and show that they are closely
connected to quantum signatures related to negative quasi-probabilities. Our
results imply that in the presence of quantum fluctuations, the first law of
thermodynamics may not be applicable to individual experimental runs.

24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
2
The categories of this paper are: math
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn