Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Closed-loop three-level charged quantum battery   Quantum batteries are energy storage or extract devices in a quantum system.
Here, we present a closed-loop quantum battery by utilizing a closed-loop
three-state quantum system in which the population dynamics depends on the
three control fields and associated phases. We investigate the charging process
of the closed-loop three-level quantum battery. The charging performance is
greatly improved due to existence of the third field in the system to form a
closed-contour interaction. Through selecting an appropriate the third control
field, the maximum average power can be increased, even far beyond the most
ideal maximum power value of non-closed-loop three-level quantum battery
(corresponding to the most powerful charging obtainable with minimum quantum
speed limit time and the maximum charging energy). We study the effect of
global driving-field phase on the charging process and find the maximum
extractable work (`ergotropy') and charging power vary periodically under
different control field, with a period of $2\pi$. Possible experimental
implementation in nitrogen-vacancy spin is discussed.

36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex