Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Doppler-Shift Asymmetry in High-Velocity Maser Emission from Shocks in
  Circumnuclear Disks   SHORT VERSION: The rapidly rotating, masing circumnuclear disk in the central
sub-parsec region of the galaxy NGC 4258 is remarkably circular and Keplerian,
yet a striking asymmetry appears in the maser spectrum: the red-shifted, high-
velocity sources are much more numerous and significantly more intense than the
blue-shifted ones. A similar strong asymmetry appears also in the recently
discovered, masing, circumnuclear disks in NGC 1068 and NGC 4945, thus
suggesting it may be a general phenomenon.
  We show that the observed Doppler-shift asymmetry can naturally arise due to
spiral shocks in circumnuclear disks, independent of the existence of a warp in
the disk or the azimuthal direction to the observer. The high velocities of
these features reflect the rotational velocities in the disk, and have nothing
to do with the shock speed. In NGC 4258 - the currently most well-defined
masing disk - the proposed scenario can also account for the intriguing
clustering of the high-velocity maser spots in distinct clumps, the restricted
spatial distribution of the low-velocity sources, and the dip in the maser
spectrum at the systemic velocity of the disk. In this case we infer a disk
mass of ~10E4 M_sun and a mass accretion rate of order ~7E-3 M_sun/year, which
may be consistent with an advection-dominated accretion flow. The model is
consistent with the observed Keplerian rotation, and introduces only negligible
corrections to the previously derived black hole mass and galaxy distance.
  Predictions include slow systematic drifts in the velocity and position of
all the high-velocity features, and the existence of circumnuclear disks which
are delineated only by high-velocity maser emission.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org