Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Electron Heating in Low Mach Number Perpendicular shocks. II. Dependence
  on the Pre-Shock Conditions   Recent X-ray observations of merger shocks in galaxy clusters have shown that
the post-shock plasma is two-temperature, with the protons being hotter than
the electrons. In this work, the second of a series, we investigate by means of
two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations the efficiency of electron
irreversible heating in perpendicular low Mach number shocks. We consider
values of plasma beta (ratio of thermal and magnetic pressures) in the range
$4\lesssim \beta_{p0}\lesssim 32$ and sonic Mach number (ratio of shock speed
to pre-shock sound speed) in the range $2\lesssim M_{s}\lesssim 5$, as
appropriate for galaxy cluster shocks. As shown in Paper I, magnetic field
amplification - induced by shock compression of the pre-shock field, or by
strong proton cyclotron and mirror modes accompanying the relaxation of proton
temperature anisotropy - can drive the electron temperature anisotropy beyond
the threshold of the electron whistler instability. The growth of whistler
waves breaks the electron adiabatic invariance, and allows for efficient
entropy production. We find that the post-shock electron temperature $T_{e2}$
exceeds the adiabatic expectation $T_{e2,\rm ad}$ by an amount
$(T_{e2}-T_{e2,\rm ad})/T_{e0}\simeq 0.044 \,M_s (M_s-1)$ (here, $T_{e0}$ is
the pre-shock temperature), which depends only weakly on the plasma beta, over
the range $4\lesssim \beta_{p0}\lesssim 32$ which we have explored, and on the
proton-to-electron mass ratio (the coefficient of $\simeq 0.044$ is measured
for our fiducial $m_i/m_e=49$, and we estimate that it will decrease to $\simeq
0.03$ for the realistic mass ratio). Our results have important implications
for current and future observations of galaxy cluster shocks in the radio band
(synchrotron emission and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect) and at X-ray frequencies.

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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg