Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Universality of Non-equilibrium Fluctuations in Strongly Correlated
  Quantum Liquids   Interacting quantum many-body systems constitute a fascinating playground for
researchers since they form quantum liquids with correlated ground states and
low-lying excitations, which exhibit universal behaviour. In fermionic systems,
such quantum liquids are realized in helium-3 liquid, heavy fermion systems,
neutron stars and cold gases. Their properties in the linear-response regime
have been successfully described by the theory of Fermi liquids. However,
non-equilibrium properties beyond this regime have still to be established and
remain a key issue of many-body physics. Here, we show a precise experimental
demonstration of Landau Fermi-liquid theory extended to the non-equilibrium
regime in a 0-D system. Combining transport and ultra-sensitive current noise
measurements, we have unambiguously identified the SU(2) and SU(4) symmetries
of quantum liquid in a carbon nanotube tuned in the universal Kondo regime. We
find that, while the electronic transport is well described by the free
quasi-particle picture around equilibrium, a two-particle scattering process
due to residual interaction shows up in the non-equilibrium regime. By using
the extended Fermi-liquid theory, we obtain the interaction parameter "Wilson
ratio" $R=1.9 \pm 0.1$ for SU(2) and $R=1.35 \pm 0.1$ for SU(4) as well as the
corresponding effective charges, characterizing the quantum liquid behaviour.
This result, in perfect agreement with theory, provides a strong quantitative
experimental background for further developments of the many-body physics.
Moreover, we discovered a new scaling law for the effective charge, signalling
as-yet-unknown universality in the non-equilibrium regime. Our method to
address quantum liquids through their non-equilibrium noise paves a new road to
tackle the exotic nature of quantum liquids out-of-equilibrium in various
physical systems.

31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
19
The categories of this paper are: eess