Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Hole mediated ferromagnetism in Cu-doped ZnO thin films   We report the successful synthesis of ZnO:Cu thin films doped with holes,
resulting in room temperature ferromagnetism. Hole doping is achieved by
As-diffusion from the GaAs substrate into ZnO films, assisted by thermal
annealing. The As-diffusion is probed with the help of x-ray absorption spectra
collected at the As K-edge which show enhanced signature of diffusion in the
annealed samples. Introduction of holes, due to the As doping, in ZnO films is
further evidenced by the Cu L3,2-edge spectra. XMCD and magnetic measurements
show that the ferromagnetic interaction between doped Cu ions is enhanced after
hole doping.

15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph