Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A short-range metastable defect in the double layer ice   Although the phase of water has extensively investigated whether there exists
a defect distorting only locally the structure still under debate. Here we
report a localized 5775 defect phase presented in the double layer ice on the
Au (111) surface, which is a metastable structure with 5- and 7-membered rings
compared with a perfect hexagonal one. Without altering the total number of the
hydrogen bonds of the ice, the defect only introduces 0.08 {\AA} molecular
displacement and 3.27% interaction energy change outside the defected area.
Such defect also exists without Au support but causes a larger lattice
relaxation or smaller interaction energy change. The excessively high barrier
as well as the low quantum tunneling and thermodynamic probabilities hinder the
formation of the defect by post-grown isomerization from the perfect to the
defected structure. This finding indicates that the defected ice is stable, and
the defect can be formed during the ice growth stage.

12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
18
The categories of this paper are: econ