Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Making Fanaroff-Riley I radio sources. Numerical Hydrodynamic 3D
  Simulations of Low Power Jets   Extragalactic radio sources have been classified into two classes,
Fanaroff-Riley I and II, which differ in morphology and radio power. Strongly
emitting sources belong to the edge-brightened FR II class, and weakly emitting
sources to the edge-darkened FR I class. The origin of this dichotomy is not
yet fully understood. Numerical simulations are successful in generating FR II
morphologies, but they fail to reproduce the diffuse structure of FR Is.
  By means of hydro-dynamical 3D simulations of supersonic jets, we investigate
how the displayed morphologies depend on the jet parameters. Bow shocks and
Mach disks at the jet head, which are probably responsible for the hot spots in
the FR II sources, disappear for a jet kinetic power L_kin < 10^43 erg/s. This
threshold compares favorably with the luminosity at which the FR I/FR II
transition is observed.
  The problem is addressed by numerical means carrying out 3D HD simulations of
supersonic jets that propagate in a non-homogeneous medium with the ambient
temperature that increases with distance from the jet origin, which maintains
constant pressure.
  The jet energy in the lower power sources, instead of being deposited at the
terminal shock, is gradually dissipated by the turbulence. The jets spread out
while propagating, and they smoothly decelerate while mixing with the ambient
medium and produce the plumes characteristic of FR I objects.
  Three-dimensionality is an essential ingredient to explore the FR I evolution
because the properties of turbulence in two and three dimensions are very
different, since there is no energy cascade to small scales in two dimensions,
and two-dimensional simulations with the same parameters lead to FRII-like
behavior.

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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
2
The categories of this paper are: math
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn