Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Three-Dimensional Active Defect Loops   We describe the flows and morphological dynamics of topological defect lines
and loops in three-dimensional active nematics and show, using theory and
numerical modelling, that they are governed by the local profile of the
orientational order surrounding the defects. Analysing a continuous span of
defect loop profiles, ranging from radial and tangential twist to wedge $\pm
1/2$ profiles, we show that the distinct geometries can drive material flow
perpendicular or along the local defect loop segment, whose variation around a
closed loop can lead to net loop motion, elongation or compression of shape, or
buckling of the loops. We demonstrate a correlation between local curvature and
the local orientational profile of the defect loop, indicating dynamic coupling
between geometry and topology. To address the general formation of defect loops
in three dimensions, we show their creation via bend instability from different
initial elastic distortions.

8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
2
The categories of this paper are: math
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
1
The categories of this paper are: cs