Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Phase Sensitivity and Phase Noise of Cantilever-Type Magnetoelastic
  Sensors Based on the $\Delta$E Effect   Magnetoelastic sensors for the detection of low-frequency and low-amplitude
magnetic fields are in the focus of research since more than 30 years. In order
to minimize the limit of detection (LOD) of such sensor systems, it is of high
importance to understand and to be able to quantify the relevant noise sources.
In this contribution, cantilever-type electromechanic and magnetoelastic
resonators, respectively, are comprehensively investigated and mathematically
described not only with regard to their phase sensitivity but especially to the
extent of the sensor-intrinsic phase noise. Both measurements and calculations
reveal that the fundamental LOD is limited by additive phase noise due to
thermal-mechanical noise of the resonator, i.e. by thermally induced random
vibrations of the cantilever, and by thermal-electrical noise of the
piezoelectric material. However, due to losses in the magnetic material
parametric flicker phase noise arises, limiting the overall performance. In
particular it is shown that the LOD is virtually independent of the magnetic
sensitivity but is solely determined by the magnetic losses. Instead of the
sensitivity, the magnetic losses, represented by the material's effective
complex permeability, should be considered as the most important parameter for
the further improvement of such sensors in the future. This implication is not
only valid for magnetoelastic cantilevers but also applies to any type of
magnetoelastic resonator.

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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th