Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Competition Between Regulation-Providing and Fixed-Power Charging
  Stations for Electric Vehicles   This paper models a non-cooperative game between two EV charging stations.
One is a fixed-power charging station purchasing electricity from the grid at
wholesale price and reselling the energy to EV owners at a higher retail price;
the other is regulation-providing and varies the recharging power level of its
clients to provide regulation services to the grid, so its profit comes from
both EV owners (who buy energy) and the grid (which pays for regulation
services). Users are reluctant to charging power variations and prefer shorter
overall charging times, hence regulation-providing charging has to be cheaper
than fixed-power charging.
  We analyze the competition among those charging providers, and examine the
performance at the equilibrium in terms of user welfare, station revenue and
electricity prices. As expected, competing stations provide users with lower
charging prices than when both charging solutions are offered by a monopolistic
provider. Moreover, while competition benefits users, it also benefits the grid
in that the amount of regulation services increases significantly with respect
to the monopolistic case.

4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg