Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Complex Saddle Points and Disorder Lines in QCD at finite temperature
  and density   The properties and consequences of complex saddle points are explored in
phenomenological models of QCD at non-zero temperature and density. Such saddle
points are a consequence of the sign problem, and should be considered in both
theoretical calculations and lattice simulations. Although saddle points in
finite-density QCD are typically in the complex plane, they are constrained by
a symmetry that simplifies analysis. We model the effective potential for
Polyakov loops using two different potential terms for confinement effects, and
consider three different cases for quarks: very heavy quarks, massless quarks
without modeling of chiral symmetry breaking effects, and light quarks with
both deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration effects included in a pair
of PNJL models. In all cases, we find that a single dominant complex saddle
point is required for a consistent description of the model. This saddle point
is generally not far from the real axis; the most easily noticed effect is a
difference between the Polyakov loop expectation values $\left\langle {\rm
Tr}_{F}P\right\rangle $ and $\left\langle {\rm Tr}_{F}P^{\dagger}\right\rangle
$, and that is confined to small region in the $\mu-T$ plane. In all but one
case, a disorder line is found in the region of critical and/or crossover
behavior. The disorder line marks the boundary between exponential decay and
sinusoidally modulated exponential decay of correlation functions. Disorder
line effects are potentially observable in both simulation and experiment.
Precision simulations of QCD in the $\mu-T$ plane have the potential to clearly
discriminate between different models of confinement.

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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio