Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Origin of central abundances in the hot intra-cluster medium - I.
  Individual and average abundance ratios from XMM-Newton EPIC   The hot intra-cluster medium (ICM) is rich in metals, which are synthesized
by supernovae (SNe) explosions and accumulate over time into the deep
gravitational potential well of clusters of galaxies. Since most of the
elements visible in X-rays are formed by type Ia (SNIa) and/or core-collapse
(SNcc) supernovae, measuring their abundances gives us direct information on
the nucleosynthesis products of billions of SNe since the epoch of the star
formation peak (z ~ 2-3). In this study, we use the EPIC and RGS instruments
onboard XMM-Newton to measure the abundances of 9 elements (O, Ne, Mg, Si, S,
Ar, Ca, Fe and Ni) from a sample of 44 nearby cool-core galaxy clusters,
groups, and elliptical galaxies. We find that the Fe abundance shows a large
scatter (~20-40%) over the sample, within 0.2$r_{500}$ and, especially,
0.05$r_{500}$. Unlike the absolute Fe abundance, the abundance ratios (X/Fe)
are quite uniform over the considered temperature range (~0.6-8 keV), and with
a limited scatter. In addition to a unprecedented treatment of systematic
uncertainties, we provide the most accurate abundance ratios measured so far in
the ICM, including Cr/Fe and Mn/Fe that we firmly detect (>4{\sigma} with MOS
and pn independently). We find that Cr/Fe, Mn/Fe and Ni/Fe, differ
significantly from the proto-solar values. However, the large uncertainties in
the proto-solar abundances prevent us from making a robust comparison between
the local and the intra-cluster chemical enrichments. We also note that,
interestingly, and despite the large net exposure time (~4.5 Ms) of our
dataset, no line emission feature is seen around ~3.5 keV.

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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys