Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Time-resolved measurement of single pulse femtosecond laser-induced
  periodic surface structure formation   Time-resolved diffraction microscopy technique has been used to observe the
formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) from the
interaction of a single femtosecond laser pulse (pump) with a nano-scale groove
mechanically formed on a single-crystal Cu substrate. The interaction dynamics
(0-1200 ps) was captured by diffracting a time-delayed, frequency-doubled pulse
from nascent LIPSS formation induced by the pump with an infinity-conjugate
microscopy setup. The LIPSS ripples are observed to form sequentially outward
from the groove edge, with the first one forming after 50 ps. A 1-D analytical
model of electron heating and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation
induced by the interaction of incoming laser pulse with the groove edge
qualitatively explains the time-evloution of LIPSS formation.

29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc