Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Spatial-temporal forecasting the sunspot diagram   We attempt to forecast the Sun's sunspot butterfly diagram in both space
(i.e. in latitude) and time, instead of the usual one-dimensional time series
forecasts prevalent in the scientific literature. We use a prediction method
based on the non-linear embedding of data series in high dimensions. We use
this method to forecast both in latitude (space) and in time, using a full
spatial-temporal series of the sunspot diagram from 1874 to 2015. The analysis
of the results shows that it is indeed possible to reconstruct the overall
shape and amplitude of the spatial-temporal pattern of sunspots, but that the
method in its current form does not have real predictive power. We also apply a
metric called structural similarity to compare the forecasted and the observed
butterfly cycles, showing that this metric can be a useful addition to the
usual root mean square error metric when analysing the efficiency of different
prediction methods.

12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
2
The categories of this paper are: math
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc