Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Measurement error in two-stage analyses, with application to air
  pollution epidemiology   Public health researchers often estimate health effects of exposures (e.g.,
pollution, diet, lifestyle) that cannot be directly measured for study
subjects. A common strategy in environmental epidemiology is to use a
first-stage (exposure) model to estimate the exposure based on covariates
and/or spatio-temporal proximity and to use predictions from the exposure model
as the covariate of interest in the second-stage (health) model. This induces a
complex form of measurement error. We propose an analytical framework and
methodology that is robust to misspecification of the first-stage model and
provides valid inference for the second-stage model parameter of interest.
  We decompose the measurement error into components analogous to classical and
Berkson error and characterize properties of the estimator in the second-stage
model if the first-stage model predictions are plugged in without correction.
Specifically, we derive conditions for compatibility between the first- and
second-stage models that guarantee consistency (and have direct and important
real-world design implications), and we derive an asymptotic estimate of
finite-sample bias when the compatibility conditions are satisfied. We propose
a methodology that (1) corrects for finite-sample bias and (2) correctly
estimates standard errors. We demonstrate the utility of our methodology in
simulations and an example from air pollution epidemiology.

25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga