Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The energy output of the Universe from 0.1 micron to 1000 micron   The dominant source of electromagnetic energy in the Universe today (over
ultraviolet, optical and near-infrared wavelengths) is starlight. However,
quantifying the amount of starlight produced has proven difficult due to
interstellar dust grains which attenuate some unknown fraction of the light.
Combining a recently calibrated galactic dust model with observations of 10,000
nearby galaxies we find that (integrated over all galaxy types and
orientations) only (11 +/- 2)% of the 0.1 micron photons escape their host
galaxies; this value rises linearly (with log(lambda)) to (87 +/- 3)% at 2.1
micron. We deduce that the energy output from stars in the nearby Universe is
(1.6+/-0.2) x 10^{35} W Mpc^{-3} of which (0.9+/-0.1) x 10^{35} W Mpc^{-3}
escapes directly into the inter-galactic medium. Some further ramifications of
dust attenuation are discussed, and equations that correct individual galaxy
flux measurements for its effect are provided.

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The categories of this paper are: physics
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
2
The categories of this paper are: math
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg