Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Electrical Programmable Low-loss high cyclable Nonvolatile Photonic
  Random-Access Memory   The retention-of-state functionality provided by memories is fundamental to
any Turing machine and neural network, hence is critical for any information
system today. While emerging optical machine learning accelerators and photonic
neuromorphic computing paradigms provide promising signal processing and
computing performance, the lack of a photon-photon force in the universe makes
storing optical information challenging. Fortunately, phase change materials
provide such a missing memristive nonvolatile function via their reconfigurable
crystalline structure and allow for rapid optical READ paradigms. However,
demonstrations of photonic memory are limited by high optical loss, low
state-cyclability, and rely on cumbersome non-CMOS like optical
programmability. To overcome all three shortcomings and unlock the full
potential of optical information storage and access, here we introduce a
photonic random-access memory featuring vanishing low optical loss, demonstrate
more than half a million switching cycles, a 100x improvement over
state-of-art, and realize electrical programmability on-chip. The exceedingly
low optical absorption (0.0015 dB/{\mu}m) is achieved via a novel broadband
transparent phase change material, Ge2Sb2Se5 integrated atop a nanophotonic
waveguide of a silicon chip. We show a highly efficient signal modulation (0.2
dB/{\mu}m) achieved by realizing a newly designed paired micro-heaters along
both sides of waveguide, which allows for electronic-standard programmability
of these photonic memories. When interrogated by an optical beam, they offer
picosecond-short memory READ latency. Furthermore, we demonstrate a partial
amorphization scheme realizing multi-state memory levels on a single heater
enhancing footprint efficiency.

29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an