Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Project Icarus: Preliminary Thoughts on the Selection of Probes and
  Instruments for an Icarus-style Interstellar Mission   In this paper we outline the range of probes and scientific instruments that
will be required in order for Icarus to fulfill its scientific mission of
exploring a nearby star, its attendant planetary system, and the intervening
interstellar medium. Based on this preliminary analysis, we estimate that the
minimum total Icarus scientific payload mass (i.e. the mass of probes and
instruments which must be decelerated to rest in the target system to enable a
meaningful programme of scientific investigation) will be in the region of 100
tonnes. Of this, approximately 10 tonnes would be allocated for cruise-phase
science instruments, and about 35 tonnes (i.e. the average of estimated lower
and upper limits of 28 and 41 tonnes) would be contributed by the intra-system
science payload itself (i.e. the dry mass of the stellar and planetary probes
and their instruments). The remaining ~55 tonnes is allocated for the sub-probe
intra-system propulsion requirements (crudely estimated from current Solar
System missions; detailed modelling of sub-probe propulsion systems will be
needed to refine this figure). The overall mass contributed by the science
payload to the total that must be decelerated from the interstellar cruise
velocity will be considerably more than 100 tonnes, however, as allowance must
be made for the payload structural and infrastructural elements required to
support, deploy, and communicate with the science probes and instruments. Based
on the earlier Daedalus study, we estimate another factor of two to allow for
these components. Pending the outcome of more detailed studies, it therefore
appears that an overall science-related payload mass of ~200 tonnes will be
required. This paper is a submission of the Project Icarus Study Group.

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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th