Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Critical phenomena in the temperature-pressure-crowding phase diagram of
  a protein   In the cell, proteins fold and perform complex functions through global
structural rearrangements. Function requires a protein to be at the brink of
stability to be susceptible to small environmental fluctuations, yet stable
enough to maintain structural integrity. These apparently conflicting behaviors
are exhibited by systems near a critical point, where distinct phases merge $-$
a concept beyond previous studies indicating proteins have a well-defined
folded/unfolded phase boundary in the pressure-temperature plane. Here, by
modeling the protein phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) on the temperature (T),
pressure (P), and crowding volume-fraction ($\phi$) phase diagram, we
demonstrate a critical transition where phases merge, and PGK exhibits large
structural fluctuations. Above the critical temperature (Tc), the difference
between the intermediate and unfolded phases disappears. When $\phi$ increases,
the Tc moves to a lower T. We verify the calculations with experiments mapping
the T-P-$\phi$ space, which likewise reveal a critical point at 305 K and 170
MPa that moves to a lower T as $\phi$ increases. Crowding places PGK near a
critical line in its natural parameter space, where large conformational
changes can occur without costly free energy barriers. Specific structures are
proposed for each phase based on simulation.

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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg