Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Every Byte Matters: Traffic Analysis of Bluetooth Wearable Devices   Wearable devices such as smartwatches, fitness trackers, and blood-pressure
monitors process, store, and communicate sensitive and personal information
related to the health, life-style, habits and interests of the wearer. This
data is exchanged with a companion app running on a smartphone over a Bluetooth
connection. In this work, we investigate what can be inferred from the metadata
(such as the packet timings and sizes) of encrypted Bluetooth communications
between a wearable device and its connected smartphone. We show that a passive
eavesdropper can use traffic-analysis attacks to accurately recognize (a)
communicating devices, even without having access to the MAC address, (b) human
actions (e.g., monitoring heart rate, exercising) performed on wearable devices
ranging from fitness trackers to smartwatches, (c) the mere opening of specific
applications on a Wear OS smartwatch (e.g., the opening of a medical app, which
can immediately reveal a condition of the wearer), (d) fine-grained actions
(e.g., recording an insulin injection) within a specific application that helps
diabetic users to monitor their condition, and (e) the profile and habits of
the wearer by continuously monitoring her traffic over an extended period. We
run traffic-analysis attacks by collecting a dataset of Bluetooth traces of
multiple wearable devices, by designing features based on packet sizes and
timings, and by using machine learning to classify the encrypted traffic to
actions performed by the wearer. Then, we explore standard defense strategies;
we show that these defenses do not provide sufficient protection against our
attacks and introduce significant costs. Our research highlights the need to
rethink how applications exchange sensitive information over Bluetooth, to
minimize unnecessary data exchanges, and to design new defenses against
traffic-analysis tailored to the wearable setting.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc