Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The assembly of dusty galaxies at $z \geq 4$: statistical properties   The recent discovery of high redshift dusty galaxies implies a rapid dust
enrichment of their interstellar medium (ISM). To interpret these observations,
we run a cosmological simulation in a 30$h^{-1}$ cMpc/size volume down to $z
\approx 4$. We use the hydrodynamical code dustyGadget, which accounts for the
production of dust by stellar populations and its evolution in the ISM. We find
that the cosmic dust density parameter ($\Omega_{\rm d}$) is mainly driven by
stellar dust at $z \gtrsim 10$, so that mass- and metallicity-dependent yields
are required to assess the dust content in the first galaxies. At $z \lesssim
9$ the growth of grains in the ISM of evolved systems
(Log$(M_{\star}/M_{\odot})>8.5$) significantly increases their dust mass, in
agreement with observations in the redshift range $4 \lesssim z < 8$. Our
simulation shows that the variety of high redshift galaxies observed with ALMA
can naturally be accounted for by modeling the grain-growth timescale as a
function of the physical conditions in the gas cold phase. In addition, the
trends of dust-to-metal (DTM) and dust-to-gas (${\cal D}$) ratios are
compatible with the available data. A qualitative investigation of the
inhomogeneous dust distribution in a representative massive halo at $z \approx
4$ shows that dust is found from the central galaxy up to the closest
satellites along polluted filaments with $\rm Log({\cal D}) \leq -2.4$, but
sharply declines at distances $d \gtrsim 30$ kpc along many lines of sight,
where $\rm Log({\cal D}) \lesssim -4.0$.

17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph