Instruct: Identify the main category of Medrxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: In Vitro Nasal Tissue Model for the Validation of Nasopharyngeal and Mid-turbinate Swabs for SARS-CoV-2 Testing Large-scale population testing is a key tool to mitigate the spread of respiratory pathogens, as in the current COVID-19 pandemic, where swabs are used to collect samples in the upper airways (e.g. nasopharyngeal and mid-turbinate nasal cavities) for diagnostics. However, the high volume of supplies required to achieve large-scale population testing has posed unprecedented challenges for swab manufacturing and distribution, resulting in a global shortage that has heavily impacted testing capacity world-wide and prompted the development of new swabs suitable for large-scale production. Newly designed swabs require rigorous pre-clinical and clinical validation studies that are costly and time consuming (i.e. months to years long); reducing the risks associated with swab validation is therefore paramount for their rapid deployment. To address these shortages, we developed a 3D-printed tissue model that mimics the nasopharyngeal and mid-turbinate nasal cavities, and we validated its use as a new tool to rapidly test swab performance. In addition to the nasal architecture, the tissue model mimics the soft nasal tissue with a silk-based sponge lining, and the physiological nasal fluid with asymptomatic and symptomatic viscosities of synthetic mucus. We performed several assays comparing standard flocked and injection-molded swabs. We quantified the swab pick-up and release, and determined the effect of viral load and mucus viscosity on swab efficacy by spiking the synthetic mucus with heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus. By molecular assays, we found that injected molded swabs performed similarly or superiorly in comparison to standard flocked swabs and we underscored a viscosity-dependent difference in cycle threshold values between the asymptomatic and symptomatic mucus for both swabs. To conclude, we developed an in vitro nasal tissue model, that corroborated previous swab performance data from clinical studies, with the potential of providing researchers with a clinically relevant, reproducible, safe, and cost-effective validation tool for the rapid development of newly designed swabs.
8
The categories of this paper are: epidemiology
46
The categories of this paper are: therapeutics
68
The categories of this paper are: surgery
57
The categories of this paper are: primary
0
The categories of this paper are: neurology
54
The categories of this paper are: gynecology
53
The categories of this paper are: pathology
25
The categories of this paper are: improvement
40
The categories of this paper are: geriatric
1
The categories of this paper are: sports
50
The categories of this paper are: medical
34
The categories of this paper are: therapy
2
The categories of this paper are: medicine
15
The categories of this paper are: allergy
64
The categories of this paper are: ophthalmology
17
The categories of this paper are: informatics