code: 
  """simple docstring"""
  from __future__ import annotations
  
  from math import pi, pow
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if side_length < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_cube() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	return pow(__a				,     3      )
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if height < 0 or radius < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_spherical_cap() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	# Volume is 1/3 pi * height squared * (3 * radius - height)
  	return 1 / 3 * pi * pow(__a				,     2      ) * (3 * radius - height)
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if radius_a < 0 or radius_a < 0 or centers_distance < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_spheres_intersect() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	if centers_distance == 0:
  		return vol_sphere(min(__a				,     __a      )      )
  
  	_UpperCAmelCase =						(
  	    (radius_a - radius_a + centers_distance)
  	    * (radius_a + radius_a - centers_distance)
  	    / (2 * centers_distance)
  	)
  	_UpperCAmelCase =						(
  	    (radius_a - radius_a + centers_distance)
  	    * (radius_a + radius_a - centers_distance)
  	    / (2 * centers_distance)
  	)
  
  	return vol_spherical_cap(__a				,     __a      ) + vol_spherical_cap(__a				,     __a      )
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if radius_a <= 0 or radius_a <= 0 or centers_distance < 0:
  		raise ValueError(
  		    "vol_spheres_union() only accepts non-negative values, non-zero radius"      )
  
  	if centers_distance == 0:
  		return vol_sphere(max(__a				,     __a      )      )
  
  	return (
  	    vol_sphere(__a      )
  	    + vol_sphere(__a      )
  	    - vol_spheres_intersect(__a				,     __a				,     __a      )
  	)
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if width < 0 or height < 0 or length < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_cuboid() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	return float(width * height * length      )
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if height < 0 or area_of_base < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_cone() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	return area_of_base * height / 3.0
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if height < 0 or radius < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_right_circ_cone() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	return pi * pow(__a				,     2      ) * height / 3.0
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if height < 0 or area_of_base < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_prism() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	return float(area_of_base * height      )
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if height < 0 or area_of_base < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_pyramid() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	return area_of_base * height / 3.0
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if radius < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_sphere() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	# Volume is 4/3 * pi * radius cubed
  	return 4 / 3 * pi * pow(__a				,     3      )
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if radius < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_hemisphere() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	# Volume is radius cubed * pi * 2/3
  	return pow(__a				,     3      ) * pi * 2 / 3
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if height < 0 or radius < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_circular_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	# Volume is radius squared * height * pi
  	return pow(__a				,     2      ) * height * pi
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if inner_radius < 0 or outer_radius < 0 or height < 0:
  		raise ValueError(
  		    "vol_hollow_circular_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	if outer_radius <= inner_radius:
  		raise ValueError("outer_radius must be greater than inner_radius"      )
  	return pi * (pow(__a				,     2      ) - pow(__a				,     2      )) * height
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if radius_a < 0 or radius_a < 0 or height < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_conical_frustum() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	return (
  	    1
  	    / 3
  	    * pi
  	    * height
  	    * (pow(__a				,     2      ) + pow(__a				,     2      ) + radius_a * radius_a)
  	)
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__				,     UpperCamelCase__      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	if torus_radius < 0 or tube_radius < 0:
  		raise ValueError("vol_torus() only accepts non-negative values"      )
  	return 2 * pow(__a				,     2      ) * torus_radius * pow(__a				,     2      )
  
  
  
  
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	print("Volumes:"      )
  	print(f"Cube: {vol_cube(2      ) = }"      )  # = 8
  	print(f"Cuboid: {vol_cuboid(2				,     2				,     2      ) = }"      )  # = 8
  	print(f"Cone: {vol_cone(2				,     2      ) = }"      )  # ~= 1.33
  	print(f"Right Circular Cone: {vol_right_circ_cone(2				,     2      ) = }"      )  # ~= 8.38
  	print(f"Prism: {vol_prism(2				,     2      ) = }"      )  # = 4
  	print(f"Pyramid: {vol_pyramid(2				,     2      ) = }"      )  # ~= 1.33
  	print(f"Sphere: {vol_sphere(2      ) = }"      )  # ~= 33.5
  	print(f"Hemisphere: {vol_hemisphere(2      ) = }"      )  # ~= 16.75
  	print(f"Circular Cylinder: {vol_circular_cylinder(2				,     2      ) = }"      )  # ~= 25.1
  	print(f"Torus: {vol_torus(2				,     2      ) = }"      )  # ~= 157.9
  	print(f"Conical Frustum: {vol_conical_frustum(2				,     2				,     4      ) = }"      )  # ~= 58.6
  	print(f"Spherical cap: {vol_spherical_cap(1				,     2      ) = }"      )  # ~= 5.24
  	print(f"Spheres intersetion: {vol_spheres_intersect(2				,     2				,     1      ) = }"      )  # ~= 21.21
  	print(f"Spheres union: {vol_spheres_union(2				,     2				,     1      ) = }"      )  # ~= 45.81
  	print(
  	    f"Hollow Circular Cylinder: {vol_hollow_circular_cylinder(1				,     2				,     3      ) = }"      )  # ~= 28.3
  
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
  	main()
  
  
  
  
  
style_context: 
  """simple docstring"""
  def     __lowerCamelCase  (		UpperCamelCase__ = 400_0000      ):
  
  
  	"""simple docstring"""
  
  
  
  
  
  
  	_UpperCAmelCase =						1
  	_UpperCAmelCase =						2
  	_UpperCAmelCase =						0
  	while j <= n:
  		if j % 2 == 0:
  			total += j
  		_UpperCAmelCase ,      _UpperCAmelCase =						j, i + j
  
  	return total
  
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
  			print(f'''{solution() = }''')
  
  
  
  
  