
"""simple docstring"""





from __future__ import annotations

from collections import deque
from collections.abc import Sequence
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any






@dataclass
class     _UpperCAmelCase:
		lowercase__						=      42
		lowercase__						=      None
		lowercase__						=      None





def       lowerCamelCase__		(			)							->		Node | None:


					"""simple docstring"""





					_UpperCamelCase							 =  Node(1	)
					_UpperCamelCase							 =  Node(2	)
					_UpperCamelCase							 =  Node(3	)
					_UpperCamelCase							 =  Node(4	)
					_UpperCamelCase							 =  Node(5	)
					return tree



def       lowerCamelCase__		(			__snake_case	)							->		list[int]:


					"""simple docstring"""





					return [root.data, *preorder(root.left	), *preorder(root.right	)] if root else []



def       lowerCamelCase__		(			__snake_case	)							->		list[int]:


					"""simple docstring"""





					return postorder(root.left	) + postorder(root.right	) + [root.data] if root else []



def       lowerCamelCase__		(			__snake_case	)							->		list[int]:


					"""simple docstring"""





					return [*inorder(root.left	), root.data, *inorder(root.right	)] if root else []



def       lowerCamelCase__		(			__snake_case	)							->		int:


					"""simple docstring"""





					return (max(height(root.left	),     height(root.right	)	) + 1) if root else 0



def       lowerCamelCase__		(			__snake_case	)							->		Sequence[Node | None]:


					"""simple docstring"""





					_UpperCamelCase							 =  []

					if root is None:
										return output

					_UpperCamelCase							 =  deque([root]	)

					while process_queue:
										_UpperCamelCase							 =  process_queue.popleft()
										output.append(node.data	)

										if node.left:
															process_queue.append(node.left	)
										if node.right:
															process_queue.append(node.right	)
					return output



def       lowerCamelCase__		(			__snake_case,     __snake_case	)							->		Sequence[Node | None]:


					"""simple docstring"""





					_UpperCamelCase							 =  []

					def populate_output(__snake_case,     __snake_case	) -> None:
										if not root:
															return
										if level == 1:
															output.append(root.data	)
										elif level > 1:
															populate_output(root.left,     level - 1	)
															populate_output(root.right,     level - 1	)

					populate_output(__snake_case,     __snake_case	)
					return output



def       lowerCamelCase__		(			__snake_case,     __snake_case	)							->		Sequence[Node | None]:


					"""simple docstring"""





					_UpperCamelCase							 =  []

					def populate_output(__snake_case,     __snake_case	) -> None:
										if root is None:
															return
										if level == 1:
															output.append(root.data	)
										elif level > 1:
															populate_output(root.right,     level - 1	)
															populate_output(root.left,     level - 1	)

					populate_output(__snake_case,     __snake_case	)
					return output



def       lowerCamelCase__		(			__snake_case	)							->		Sequence[Node | None] | list[Any]:


					"""simple docstring"""





					if root is None:
										return []

					_UpperCamelCase							 =  []

					_UpperCamelCase							 =  0
					_UpperCamelCase							 =  height(__snake_case	)

					for h in range(1,     height_tree + 1	):
										if not flag:
															output.append(get_nodes_from_left_to_right(__snake_case,     __snake_case	)	)
															_UpperCamelCase							 =  1
										else:
															output.append(get_nodes_from_right_to_left(__snake_case,     __snake_case	)	)
															_UpperCamelCase							 =  0

					return output



def       lowerCamelCase__		(			)							->		None:  # Main function for testing.


					"""simple docstring"""





					_UpperCamelCase							 =  make_tree()
					print(F'''In-order Traversal: {inorder(__snake_case	)}'''	)
					print(F'''Pre-order Traversal: {preorder(__snake_case	)}'''	)
					print(F'''Post-order Traversal: {postorder(__snake_case	)}''',     '''\n'''	)

					print(F'''Height of Tree: {height(__snake_case	)}''',     '''\n'''	)

					print('''Complete Level Order Traversal: '''	)
					print(level_order(__snake_case	),     '''\n'''	)

					print('''Level-wise order Traversal: '''	)

					for level in range(1,     height(__snake_case	) + 1	):
										print(F'''Level {level}:''',     get_nodes_from_left_to_right(__snake_case,     level=__snake_case	)	)

					print('''\nZigZag order Traversal: '''	)
					print(zigzag(__snake_case	)	)


if __name__ == "__main__":
				import doctest

				doctest.testmod()
				main()








"""simple docstring"""





from __future__ import annotations



def       lowerCamelCase__		(			__snake_case,     __snake_case,     __snake_case	)							->		int | float:


					"""simple docstring"""





					if len(__snake_case	) == 0:
										raise ValueError('''find_max() arg is an empty sequence'''	)
					if (
					    left >= len(__snake_case	)
					    or left < -len(__snake_case	)
					    or right >= len(__snake_case	)
					    or right < -len(__snake_case	)
					):
										raise IndexError('''list index out of range'''	)
					if left == right:
										return nums[left]
					_UpperCamelCase							 =  (left + right) >> 1  # the middle
					_UpperCamelCase							 =  find_max(__snake_case,     __snake_case,     __snake_case	)  # find max in range[left, mid]
					_UpperCamelCase							 =  find_max(__snake_case,     mid + 1,     __snake_case	)  # find max in range[mid + 1, right]

					return left_max if left_max >= right_max else right_max


if __name__ == "__main__":
				import doctest

				doctest.testmod(verbose=True)






