
from __future__ import annotations

from collections import deque
from collections.abc import Sequence
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any


@dataclass
class 				lowercase					:
		__lowercase       :       int
		__lowercase       :       Node | None	     =				None
		__lowercase       :       Node | None	     =				None






def       A       (					)   ->  Node | None:
		'''simple docstring'''

		UpperCamelCase		=     Node(1 )
		UpperCamelCase		=     Node(2 )
		UpperCamelCase		=     Node(3 )
		UpperCamelCase		=     Node(4 )
		UpperCamelCase		=     Node(5 )
		return tree


def       A       (					lowercase )   ->  list[int]:
		'''simple docstring'''

		return [root.data, *preorder(root.left ), *preorder(root.right )] if root else []


def       A       (					lowercase )   ->  list[int]:
		'''simple docstring'''

		return postorder(root.left ) + postorder(root.right ) + [root.data] if root else []


def       A       (					lowercase )   ->  list[int]:
		'''simple docstring'''

		return [*inorder(root.left ), root.data, *inorder(root.right )] if root else []


def       A       (					lowercase )   ->  int:
		'''simple docstring'''

		return (max(height(root.left )    ,       height(root.right ) ) + 1) if root else 0


def       A       (					lowercase )   ->  Sequence[Node | None]:
		'''simple docstring'''

		UpperCamelCase		=     []

		if root is None:
				return output

		UpperCamelCase		=     deque([root] )

		while process_queue:
				UpperCamelCase		=     process_queue.popleft()
				output.append(node.data )

				if node.left:
						process_queue.append(node.left )
				if node.right:
						process_queue.append(node.right )
		return output


def       A       (					lowercase    ,       lowercase )   ->  Sequence[Node | None]:
		'''simple docstring'''

		UpperCamelCase		=     []

		def populate_output(lowercase    ,       lowercase ) -> None:
				if not root:
						return
				if level == 1:
						output.append(root.data )
				elif level > 1:
						populate_output(root.left    ,       level - 1 )
						populate_output(root.right    ,       level - 1 )

		populate_output(lowercase    ,       lowercase )
		return output


def       A       (					lowercase    ,       lowercase )   ->  Sequence[Node | None]:
		'''simple docstring'''

		UpperCamelCase		=     []

		def populate_output(lowercase    ,       lowercase ) -> None:
				if root is None:
						return
				if level == 1:
						output.append(root.data )
				elif level > 1:
						populate_output(root.right    ,       level - 1 )
						populate_output(root.left    ,       level - 1 )

		populate_output(lowercase    ,       lowercase )
		return output


def       A       (					lowercase )   ->  Sequence[Node | None] | list[Any]:
		'''simple docstring'''

		if root is None:
				return []

		UpperCamelCase		=     []

		UpperCamelCase		=     0
		UpperCamelCase		=     height(lowercase )

		for h in range(1    ,       height_tree + 1 ):
				if not flag:
						output.append(get_nodes_from_left_to_right(lowercase    ,       lowercase ) )
						UpperCamelCase		=     1
				else:
						output.append(get_nodes_from_right_to_left(lowercase    ,       lowercase ) )
						UpperCamelCase		=     0

		return output


def       A       (					)   ->  None:  # Main function for testing.
		'''simple docstring'''

		UpperCamelCase		=     make_tree()
		print(f'''In-order Traversal: {inorder(lowercase )}''' )
		print(f'''Pre-order Traversal: {preorder(lowercase )}''' )
		print(f'''Post-order Traversal: {postorder(lowercase )}'''    ,       '\n' )

		print(f'''Height of Tree: {height(lowercase )}'''    ,       '\n' )

		print('Complete Level Order Traversal: ' )
		print(level_order(lowercase )    ,       '\n' )

		print('Level-wise order Traversal: ' )

		for level in range(1    ,       height(lowercase ) + 1 ):
				print(f'''Level {level}:'''    ,       get_nodes_from_left_to_right(lowercase    ,       level=lowercase ) )

		print('\nZigZag order Traversal: ' )
		print(zigzag(lowercase ) )


if __name__ == "__main__":
					import doctest

					doctest.testmod()
					main()


def       A       (					lowercase )   ->  list:
		'''simple docstring'''

		UpperCamelCase		=     len(lowercase )
		for i in range(1    ,       lowercase ):
				UpperCamelCase		=     collection[i]
				UpperCamelCase		=     0
				UpperCamelCase		=     i - 1

				while low <= high:
						UpperCamelCase		=     (low + high) // 2
						if val < collection[mid]:
								UpperCamelCase		=     mid - 1
						else:
								UpperCamelCase		=     mid + 1
				for j in range(lowercase    ,       lowercase    ,       -1 ):
						UpperCamelCase		=     collection[j - 1]
				UpperCamelCase		=     val
		return collection


if __name__ == "__main__":
					_UpperCAmelCase					: List[Any]      =       input("Enter numbers separated by a comma:\n").strip()
					_UpperCAmelCase					: Optional[int]      =       [int(item) for item in user_input.split(",")]
					print(binary_insertion_sort(unsorted))
