
def 							__SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   (		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       :      int = 1000000			)     ->						Optional[Any]:
				__lowercase								=					[i - 1 for i in range(limit + 1			)]

				for i in range(2    ,							limit + 1			):
								if phi[i] == i - 1:
												for j in range(2 * i    ,							limit + 1    ,							_A			):
																phi[j] -= phi[j] // i

				return sum(phi[2 : limit + 1]			)


if __name__ == "__main__":
							print(solution())








from __future__ import annotations




def 			UpperCAmelCase__				(			_A      : float	,      _A      : float	,      _A      : float	,      ):





  '''simple docstring'''







  if (electron_conc, hole_conc, intrinsic_conc).count(0							) != 1:
    raise ValueError('''You cannot supply more or less than 2 values'''							)
  elif electron_conc < 0:
    raise ValueError('''Electron concentration cannot be negative in a semiconductor'''							)
  elif hole_conc < 0:
    raise ValueError('''Hole concentration cannot be negative in a semiconductor'''							)
  elif intrinsic_conc < 0:
    raise ValueError(
        '''Intrinsic concentration cannot be negative in a semiconductor'''							)
  elif electron_conc == 0:
    return (
        "electron_conc",
        intrinsic_conc**2 / hole_conc,
    )
  elif hole_conc == 0:
    return (
        "hole_conc",
        intrinsic_conc**2 / electron_conc,
    )
  elif intrinsic_conc == 0:
    return (
        "intrinsic_conc",
        (electron_conc * hole_conc) ** 0.5,
    )
  else:
    return (-1, -1)


if __name__ == "__main__":
       import doctest

       doctest.testmod()
