
'''simple docstring'''




from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Iterator





class  A				:





     def __init__(							self						,			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE	) ->				None:






         """simple docstring"""






         A       :   Optional[Any]					=						value
         A       :   Node | None					=						None
         A       :   Node | None					=						None





class  A				:





     def __init__(							self						,			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE	) ->				None:






         """simple docstring"""






         A       :   str					=						tree





     def 				__lowerCAmelCase							(							self						,			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE	) ->				int:






         """simple docstring"""






         if node is None:
             return 0
         return node.value + (
             self.depth_first_search(node.left	) + self.depth_first_search(node.right	)
         )





     def __iter__(							self	) ->				Iterator[int]:






         """simple docstring"""






         yield self.depth_first_search(self.tree	)


if __name__ == "__main__":
      import doctest

      doctest.testmod()






import random






def 							_lowercase							(     UpperCamelCase_	,	UpperCamelCase_		)		->		tuple:
					'''simple docstring'''


					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__						, SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__						, SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__													= [], [], []
					for element in data:
										if element < pivot:
															less.append(UpperCamelCase_		)
										elif element > pivot:
															greater.append(UpperCamelCase_		)
										else:
															equal.append(UpperCamelCase_		)
					return less, equal, greater






def 							_lowercase							(     UpperCamelCase_	,	UpperCamelCase_		)		->		Any:
					'''simple docstring'''


					if index >= len(UpperCamelCase_		) or index < 0:
										return None

					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__													= items[random.randint(0	,	len(UpperCamelCase_		) - 1		)]
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__													= 0
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__						, SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__						, SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__													= _partition(UpperCamelCase_	,	UpperCamelCase_		)
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__													= len(UpperCamelCase_		)
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__													= len(UpperCamelCase_		)

					# index is the pivot
					if m <= index < m + count:
										return pivot
					# must be in smaller
					elif m > index:
										return quick_select(UpperCamelCase_	,	UpperCamelCase_		)
					# must be in larger
					else:
										return quick_select(UpperCamelCase_	,	index - (m + count)		)





