





'''simple docstring'''

from __future__ import annotations

import queue


class 					a_     :

    '''simple docstring'''


    def __init__(		self ,		A       )		->   Any:
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			data
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			None
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			None





def lowerCamelCase						(     )						->TreeNode:
    print("""\n********Press N to stop entering at any point of time********\n"""    )
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			input("""Enter the value of the root node: """    ).strip().lower()
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			queue.Queue()
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			TreeNode(int(__lowerCamelCase    )    )
    q.put(__lowerCamelCase    )
    while not q.empty():
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			q.get()
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			F'Enter the left node of {node_found.data}: '
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			input(__lowerCamelCase    ).strip().lower() or """n"""
        if check == "n":
            return tree_node
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			TreeNode(int(__lowerCamelCase    )    )
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			left_node
        q.put(__lowerCamelCase    )
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			F'Enter the right node of {node_found.data}: '
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			input(__lowerCamelCase    ).strip().lower() or """n"""
        if check == "n":
            return tree_node
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			TreeNode(int(__lowerCamelCase    )    )
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			right_node
        q.put(__lowerCamelCase    )
    raise





def lowerCamelCase						(     __lowerCamelCase :    TreeNode    )						->None:
    if not isinstance(__lowerCamelCase					,       __lowerCamelCase    ) or not node:
        return
    print(node.data					,       end=""","""    )
    pre_order(node.left    )
    pre_order(node.right    )





def lowerCamelCase						(     __lowerCamelCase :    TreeNode    )						->None:
    if not isinstance(__lowerCamelCase					,       __lowerCamelCase    ) or not node:
        return
    in_order(node.left    )
    print(node.data					,       end=""","""    )
    in_order(node.right    )





def lowerCamelCase						(     __lowerCamelCase :    TreeNode    )						->None:
    if not isinstance(__lowerCamelCase					,       __lowerCamelCase    ) or not node:
        return
    post_order(node.left    )
    post_order(node.right    )
    print(node.data					,       end=""","""    )





def lowerCamelCase						(     __lowerCamelCase :    TreeNode    )						->None:
    if not isinstance(__lowerCamelCase					,       __lowerCamelCase    ) or not node:
        return
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			queue.Queue()
    q.put(__lowerCamelCase    )
    while not q.empty():
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			q.get()
        print(node_dequeued.data					,       end=""","""    )
        if node_dequeued.left:
            q.put(node_dequeued.left    )
        if node_dequeued.right:
            q.put(node_dequeued.right    )





def lowerCamelCase						(     __lowerCamelCase :    TreeNode    )						->None:
    if not isinstance(__lowerCamelCase					,       __lowerCamelCase    ) or not node:
        return
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			queue.Queue()
    q.put(__lowerCamelCase    )
    while not q.empty():
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			[]
        while not q.empty():
            _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			q.get()
            print(node_dequeued.data					,       end=""","""    )
            if node_dequeued.left:
                list_.append(node_dequeued.left    )
            if node_dequeued.right:
                list_.append(node_dequeued.right    )
        print()
        for node in list_:
            q.put(__lowerCamelCase    )





def lowerCamelCase						(     __lowerCamelCase :    TreeNode    )						->None:
    if not isinstance(__lowerCamelCase					,       __lowerCamelCase    ) or not node:
        return
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			[]
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			node
    while n or stack:
        while n:  # start from root node, find its left child
            print(n.data					,       end=""","""    )
            stack.append(__lowerCamelCase    )
            _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			n.left
        # end of while means current node doesn't have left child
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			stack.pop()
        # start to traverse its right child
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			n.right





def lowerCamelCase						(     __lowerCamelCase :    TreeNode    )						->None:
    if not isinstance(__lowerCamelCase					,       __lowerCamelCase    ) or not node:
        return
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			[]
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			node
    while n or stack:
        while n:
            stack.append(__lowerCamelCase    )
            _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			n.left
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			stack.pop()
        print(n.data					,       end=""","""    )
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			n.right





def lowerCamelCase						(     __lowerCamelCase :    TreeNode    )						->None:
    if not isinstance(__lowerCamelCase					,       __lowerCamelCase    ) or not node:
        return
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				,       _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			[], []
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			node
    stacka.append(__lowerCamelCase    )
    while stacka:  # to find the reversed order of post order, store it in stack2
        _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			stacka.pop()
        if n.left:
            stacka.append(n.left    )
        if n.right:
            stacka.append(n.right    )
        stacka.append(__lowerCamelCase    )
    while stacka:  # pop up from stack2 will be the post order
        print(stacka.pop().data					,       end=""","""    )





def lowerCamelCase						(     __lowerCamelCase :    str = ""					,       __lowerCamelCase :    List[Any]=50					,       __lowerCamelCase :    List[str]="*"    )						->str:
    if not s:
        return "\n" + width * char
    _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				,       _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE									=			divmod(width - len(__lowerCamelCase    ) - 2					,       2    )
    return F'{left * char} {s} {(left + extra) * char}'


if __name__ == "__main__":
      import doctest

      doctest.testmod()
      print(prompt("""Binary Tree Traversals"""))

      lowercase_					= build_tree()
      print(prompt("""Pre Order Traversal"""))
      pre_order(node)
      print(prompt() + """\n""")

      print(prompt("""In Order Traversal"""))
      in_order(node)
      print(prompt() + """\n""")

      print(prompt("""Post Order Traversal"""))
      post_order(node)
      print(prompt() + """\n""")

      print(prompt("""Level Order Traversal"""))
      level_order(node)
      print(prompt() + """\n""")

      print(prompt("""Actual Level Order Traversal"""))
      level_order_actual(node)
      print("""*""" * 50 + """\n""")

      print(prompt("""Pre Order Traversal - Iteration Version"""))
      pre_order_iter(node)
      print(prompt() + """\n""")

      print(prompt("""In Order Traversal - Iteration Version"""))
      in_order_iter(node)
      print(prompt() + """\n""")

      print(prompt("""Post Order Traversal - Iteration Version"""))
      post_order_iter(node)
      print(prompt())








'''simple docstring'''




# Author: OMKAR PATHAK, Nwachukwu Chidiebere

# Use a Python dictionary to construct the graph.
from __future__ import annotations

from pprint import pformat
from typing import Generic, TypeVar

lowerCamelCase							:str				    =					TypeVar('''T''')







class 	_lowerCAmelCase							(			Generic[T] ):


	def __init__(self       ,      lowercase = True							):
				A_	:						dict[T, list[T]]	=     {}  # dictionary of lists
				A_	:						Any	=     directed


	def     _a	(self       ,      lowercase       ,      lowercase							):

				if not self.directed:  # For undirected graphs
							# if both source vertex and destination vertex are both present in the
							# adjacency list, add destination vertex to source vertex list of adjacent
							# vertices and add source vertex to destination vertex list of adjacent
							# vertices.
							if source_vertex in self.adj_list and destination_vertex in self.adj_list:
										self.adj_list[source_vertex].append(lowercase							)
										self.adj_list[destination_vertex].append(lowercase							)
							# if only source vertex is present in adjacency list, add destination vertex
							# to source vertex list of adjacent vertices, then create a new vertex with
							# destination vertex as key and assign a list containing the source vertex
							# as it's first adjacent vertex.
							elif source_vertex in self.adj_list:
										self.adj_list[source_vertex].append(lowercase							)
										A_	:						Dict	=     [source_vertex]
							# if only destination vertex is present in adjacency list, add source vertex
							# to destination vertex list of adjacent vertices, then create a new vertex
							# with source vertex as key and assign a list containing the source vertex
							# as it's first adjacent vertex.
							elif destination_vertex in self.adj_list:
										self.adj_list[destination_vertex].append(lowercase							)
										A_	:						int	=     [destination_vertex]
							# if both source vertex and destination vertex are not present in adjacency
							# list, create a new vertex with source vertex as key and assign a list
							# containing the destination vertex as it's first adjacent vertex also
							# create a new vertex with destination vertex as key and assign a list
							# containing the source vertex as it's first adjacent vertex.
							else:
										A_	:						Optional[Any]	=     [destination_vertex]
										A_	:						Tuple	=     [source_vertex]
				else:  # For directed graphs
							# if both source vertex and destination vertex are present in adjacency
							# list, add destination vertex to source vertex list of adjacent vertices.
							if source_vertex in self.adj_list and destination_vertex in self.adj_list:
										self.adj_list[source_vertex].append(lowercase							)
							# if only source vertex is present in adjacency list, add destination
							# vertex to source vertex list of adjacent vertices and create a new vertex
							# with destination vertex as key, which has no adjacent vertex
							elif source_vertex in self.adj_list:
										self.adj_list[source_vertex].append(lowercase							)
										A_	:						Tuple	=     []
							# if only destination vertex is present in adjacency list, create a new
							# vertex with source vertex as key and assign a list containing destination
							# vertex as first adjacent vertex
							elif destination_vertex in self.adj_list:
										A_	:						Tuple	=     [destination_vertex]
							# if both source vertex and destination vertex are not present in adjacency
							# list, create a new vertex with source vertex as key and a list containing
							# destination vertex as it's first adjacent vertex. Then create a new vertex
							# with destination vertex as key, which has no adjacent vertex
							else:
										A_	:						int	=     [destination_vertex]
										A_	:						List[str]	=     []

				return self


	def __repr__(self							):
				return pformat(self.adj_list							)