





from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Iterable
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any



class  _a  :






							"""simple docstring"""

							snake_case_							=    ('_front', '_back', '_len')



							@dataclass
							class  _a  :






														"""simple docstring"""

														snake_case_							=    None
														snake_case_							=    None
														snake_case_							=    None







							class  _a  :






														"""simple docstring"""

														snake_case_							=    ('_cur',)

														def __init__(   self					:  Optional[int]				,						a					:  Any     )						->Optional[int]:
																				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[Any] =       cur

														def __iter__(   self					:  Union[str, Any]     )						->List[str]:
																				return self






														def   A_	(   self					:  Dict     )						->List[Any]:
																				if self._cur is None:
																										# finished iterating
																										raise StopIteration
																				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Any =       self._cur.val
																				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       self._cur.next_node

																				return val







							def __init__(   self					:  Dict				,						a					:  int = None     )						->str:
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       None
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Any =       None
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[Any] =       0

													if iterable is not None:
																			# append every value to the deque
																			for val in iterable:
																									self.append(__lowercase     )

							def   A_	(   self					:  Union[str, Any]				,						a					:  List[str]     )						->str:
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       self._Node(__lowercase				,						__lowercase				,						__lowercase     )
													if self.is_empty():
																			# front = back
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       node
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Union[str, Any] =       1
													else:
																			# connect nodes
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       node
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Tuple =       self._back
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       node  # assign new back to the new node

																			self._len += 1

																			# make sure there were no errors
																			assert not self.is_empty(), "Error on appending value."

							def   A_	(   self					:  Optional[int]				,						a					:  Tuple     )						->int:
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Dict =       self._Node(__lowercase				,						__lowercase				,						__lowercase     )
													if self.is_empty():
																			# front = back
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Tuple =       node
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Tuple =       1
													else:
																			# connect nodes
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					int =       self._front
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       node
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       node  # assign new front to the new node

																			self._len += 1

																			# make sure there were no errors
																			assert not self.is_empty(), "Error on appending value."

							def   A_	(   self					:  Optional[Any]				,						a					:  int     )						->Any:
													for val in iterable:
																			self.append(__lowercase     )

							def   A_	(   self					:  Optional[int]				,						a					:  Tuple     )						->Optional[int]:
													for val in iterable:
																			self.appendleft(__lowercase     )

							def   A_	(   self					:  Dict     )						->List[str]:
													assert not self.is_empty(), "Deque is empty."

													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       self._back
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[str] =       self._back.prev_node  # set new back
													# drop the last node - python will deallocate memory automatically
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Union[str, Any] =       None

													self._len -= 1

													return topop.val

							def   A_	(   self					:  Dict     )						->Dict:
													assert not self.is_empty(), "Deque is empty."

													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					int =       self._front
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       self._front.next_node  # set new front and drop the first node
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[Any] =       None

													self._len -= 1

													return topop.val

							def   A_	(   self					:  Dict     )						->Optional[int]:
													return self._front is None

							def __len__(   self					:  Optional[Any]     )						->Dict:
													return self._len

							def __eq__(   self					:  Optional[int]				,						a					:  Optional[int]     )						->List[str]:

													if not isinstance(__lowercase				,						__lowercase     ):
																			return NotImplemented

													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[int] =       self._front
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       other._front

													# if the length of the dequeues are not the same, they are not equal
													if len(self     ) != len(__lowercase     ):
																			return False

													while me is not None and oth is not None:
																			# compare every value
																			if me.val != oth.val:
																									return False
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Dict =       me.next_node
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       oth.next_node

													return True

							def __iter__(   self					:  str     )						->List[Any]:
													return Deque._Iterator(self._front     )






							def __repr__(   self					:  List[Any]     )						->Dict:
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[int] =       []
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					int =       self._front
													while aux is not None:
																			# append the values in a list to display
																			values_list.append(aux.val     )
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Tuple =       aux.next_node

													return f"""[{', '.join(repr(__lowercase     ) for val in values_list     )}]"""


if __name__ == "__main__":
				import doctest

				doctest.testmod()







"""simple docstring"""



from __future__ import annotations

from math import pi, pow




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if side_length < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_cube() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 return pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	3			)




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if height < 0 or radius < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_spherical_cap() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 # Volume is 1/3 pi * height squared * (3 * radius - height)
 return 1 / 3 * pi * pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	2			) * (3 * radius - height)




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if radius_a < 0 or radius_a < 0 or centers_distance < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_spheres_intersect() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 if centers_distance == 0:
  return vol_sphere(min(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)			)

 UpperCAmelCase__ 						=				(
     (radius_a - radius_a + centers_distance)
     * (radius_a + radius_a - centers_distance)
     / (2 * centers_distance)
 )
 UpperCAmelCase__ 						=				(
     (radius_a - radius_a + centers_distance)
     * (radius_a + radius_a - centers_distance)
     / (2 * centers_distance)
 )

 return vol_spherical_cap(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			) + vol_spherical_cap(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:

 if radius_a <= 0 or radius_a <= 0 or centers_distance < 0:
  raise ValueError(
      """vol_spheres_union() only accepts non-negative values, non-zero radius"""			)

 if centers_distance == 0:
  return vol_sphere(max(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)			)

 return (
     vol_sphere(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)
     + vol_sphere(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)
     - vol_spheres_intersect(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)
 )




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if width < 0 or height < 0 or length < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_cuboid() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 return float(width * height * length			)




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if height < 0 or area_of_base < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_cone() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 return area_of_base * height / 3.0




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if height < 0 or radius < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_right_circ_cone() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 return pi * pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	2			) * height / 3.0




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if height < 0 or area_of_base < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_prism() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 return float(area_of_base * height			)




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if height < 0 or area_of_base < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_pyramid() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 return area_of_base * height / 3.0




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if radius < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_sphere() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 # Volume is 4/3 * pi * radius cubed
 return 4 / 3 * pi * pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	3			)




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if radius < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_hemisphere() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 # Volume is radius cubed * pi * 2/3
 return pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	3			) * pi * 2 / 3




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if height < 0 or radius < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_circular_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 # Volume is radius squared * height * pi
 return pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	2			) * height * pi




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 # Volume - (outer_radius squared - inner_radius squared) * pi * height
 if inner_radius < 0 or outer_radius < 0 or height < 0:
  raise ValueError(
      """vol_hollow_circular_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 if outer_radius <= inner_radius:
  raise ValueError("""outer_radius must be greater than inner_radius"""			)
 return pi * (pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	2			) - pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	2			)) * height




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 # Volume is 1/3 * pi * height *
 #           (radius_1 squared + radius_2 squared + radius_1 * radius_2)
 if radius_a < 0 or radius_a < 0 or height < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_conical_frustum() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 return (
     1
     / 3
     * pi
     * height
     * (pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	2			) + pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	2			) + radius_a * radius_a)
 )




def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->float:
 if torus_radius < 0 or tube_radius < 0:
  raise ValueError("""vol_torus() only accepts non-negative values"""			)
 return 2 * pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	2			) * torus_radius * pow(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	2			)




def       snake_case__		(   )    ->str:
 print("""Volumes:"""			)
 print(F'''Cube: {vol_cube(2			) = }'''			)  # = 8
 print(F'''Cuboid: {vol_cuboid(2       ,	2       ,	2			) = }'''			)  # = 8
 print(F'''Cone: {vol_cone(2       ,	2			) = }'''			)  # ~= 1.33
 print(F'''Right Circular Cone: {vol_right_circ_cone(2       ,	2			) = }'''			)  # ~= 8.38
 print(F'''Prism: {vol_prism(2       ,	2			) = }'''			)  # = 4
 print(F'''Pyramid: {vol_pyramid(2       ,	2			) = }'''			)  # ~= 1.33
 print(F'''Sphere: {vol_sphere(2			) = }'''			)  # ~= 33.5
 print(F'''Hemisphere: {vol_hemisphere(2			) = }'''			)  # ~= 16.75
 print(F'''Circular Cylinder: {vol_circular_cylinder(2       ,	2			) = }'''			)  # ~= 25.1
 print(F'''Torus: {vol_torus(2       ,	2			) = }'''			)  # ~= 157.9
 print(F'''Conical Frustum: {vol_conical_frustum(2       ,	2       ,	4			) = }'''			)  # ~= 58.6
 print(F'''Spherical cap: {vol_spherical_cap(1       ,	2			) = }'''			)  # ~= 5.24
 print(F'''Spheres intersetion: {vol_spheres_intersect(2       ,	2       ,	1			) = }'''			)  # ~= 21.21
 print(F'''Spheres union: {vol_spheres_union(2       ,	2       ,	1			) = }'''			)  # ~= 45.81
 print(
     F'''Hollow Circular Cylinder: {vol_hollow_circular_cylinder(1       ,	2       ,	3			) = }'''			)  # ~= 28.3


if __name__ == "__main__":
 main()



