

from typing import SupportsIndex

import numpy as np
from scipy.ndimage import convolve







def _a					(			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						:     np.ndarray       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						:     np.ndarray       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						:     np.ndarray						)       ->       np.ndarray:

 """simple docstring"""






 __lowerCAmelCase:  Any        = np.stack((horizontal_flow, vertical_flow)       ,   2						)

 # Create a grid of all pixel coordinates and subtract the flow to get the
 # target pixels coordinates
 __lowerCAmelCase:  List[str]        = np.stack(
     np.meshgrid(np.arange(0       ,   image.shape[1]						)       ,   np.arange(0       ,   image.shape[0]						)						)       ,   2						)
 __lowerCAmelCase:  int        = np.round(grid - flow						).astype(np.intaa						)

 # Find the locations outside of the original image
 __lowerCAmelCase:  Dict        = (grid < 0) | (grid >= np.array([image.shape[1], image.shape[0]]						))
 __lowerCAmelCase:  str        = 0

 __lowerCAmelCase:  List[str]        = image[grid[:, :, 1], grid[:, :, 0]]

 # Set pixels at invalid locations to 0
 __lowerCAmelCase:  List[str]        = 0

 return warped







def _a					(			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						:     np.ndarray       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						:     np.ndarray       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						:     SupportsIndex       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						:     float | None = None       ,   )       ->       tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:

 """simple docstring"""






 if alpha is None:
  __lowerCAmelCase:  Tuple        = 0.1

 # Initialize flow
 __lowerCAmelCase:  Optional[int]        = np.zeros_like(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						)
 __lowerCAmelCase:  Dict        = np.zeros_like(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						)

 # Prepare kernels for the calculation of the derivatives and the average velocity
 __lowerCAmelCase:  List[Any]        = np.array([[-1, 1], [-1, 1]]						) * 0.2_5
 __lowerCAmelCase:  int        = np.array([[-1, -1], [1, 1]]						) * 0.2_5
 __lowerCAmelCase:  Tuple        = np.array([[1, 1], [1, 1]]						) * 0.2_5
 __lowerCAmelCase:  Dict        = np.array(
     [[1 / 12, 1 / 6, 1 / 12], [1 / 6, 0, 1 / 6], [1 / 12, 1 / 6, 1 / 12]]						)

 # Iteratively refine the flow
 for _ in range(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						):
  __lowerCAmelCase:  Optional[int]        = warp(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						)
  __lowerCAmelCase:  List[str]        = convolve(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						) + convolve(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						)
  __lowerCAmelCase:  int        = convolve(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						) + convolve(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						)
  __lowerCAmelCase:  List[Any]        = convolve(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						) + convolve(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,   -kernel_t						)

  __lowerCAmelCase:  Any        = convolve(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						)
  __lowerCAmelCase:  Dict        = convolve(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						)

  # This updates the flow as proposed in the paper (Step 12)
  __lowerCAmelCase:  Tuple        = (
      derivative_x * avg_horizontal_velocity
      + derivative_y * avg_vertical_velocity
      + derivative_t
  )
  __lowerCAmelCase:  int        = update / (alpha**2 + derivative_x**2 + derivative_y**2)

  __lowerCAmelCase:  List[Any]        = avg_horizontal_velocity - derivative_x * update
  __lowerCAmelCase:  Union[str, Any]        = avg_vertical_velocity - derivative_y * update

 return horizontal_flow, vertical_flow


if __name__ == "__main__":
  import doctest

  doctest.testmod()








import numpy as np







def _a					(			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						:     Union[str, Any]						)       ->       List[str]:

 """simple docstring"""






 __lowerCAmelCase:  Union[str, Any]        = np.exp(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						)

 # Add up the all the exponentials
 __lowerCAmelCase:  Dict        = np.sum(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE						)

 # Divide every exponent by the sum of all exponents
 __lowerCAmelCase:  int        = exponent_vector / sum_of_exponents

 return softmax_vector


if __name__ == "__main__":
  print(softmax((0,)))





