

"""simple docstring"""
def       UpperCamelCase_					(     lowerCamelCase							:					Optional[int]   )						->     list:



       """simple docstring"""







       __magic_name__			:		List[str]        =     len(lowercase__   )

       # Set the gap value to be decreased by a factor of 1.3
       # after each iteration
       __magic_name__			:		Union[str, Any]        =     1.3

       # Continue sorting until the gap is 1
       while gap > 1:
              # Decrease the gap value
              __magic_name__			:		Dict        =     int(gap / shrink   )

              # Sort the elements using insertion sort
              for i in range(lowercase__     , len(lowercase__   )   ):
                     __magic_name__			:		Optional[Any]        =     collection[i]
                     __magic_name__			:		Optional[Any]        =     i
                     while j >= gap and collection[j - gap] > temp:
                            __magic_name__			:		Any        =     collection[j - gap]
                            j -= gap
                     __magic_name__			:		Tuple        =     temp

       return collection


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()





from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Generic, TypeVar

UpperCamelCase__			=    TypeVar("T")
class       _lowerCAmelCase (			Generic[T]      ):






			"""simple docstring"""





			def __init__(					self						:							int      ,  lowercase						:							T )    ->       Union[str, Any]:
									"""simple docstring"""







									__lowercase											=					data  # Assign data
									__lowercase											=					None  # Initialize next as null
									__lowercase											=					None  # Initialize prev as null





class       _lowerCAmelCase (			Generic[T]      ):






			"""simple docstring"""





			def __init__(					self						:							Any )    ->       None:
									"""simple docstring"""







									__lowercase											=					None





			def 		snake_case__      (					self						:							str      ,  lowercase						:							T )    ->       None:
									"""simple docstring"""







									if self.head is None:
															__lowercase											=					Node(lowercase )
									else:
															__lowercase											=					Node(lowercase )
															__lowercase											=					new_node
															__lowercase											=					self.head
															__lowercase											=					None
															__lowercase											=					new_node





			def 		snake_case__      (					self						:							Optional[Any] )    ->       T | None:
									"""simple docstring"""







									if self.head is None:
															return None
									else:
															assert self.head is not None
															__lowercase											=					self.head.data
															__lowercase											=					self.head.next
															if self.head is not None:
																					__lowercase											=					None
															return temp





			def 		snake_case__      (					self						:							Optional[Any] )    ->       T | None:
									"""simple docstring"""







									return self.head.data if self.head is not None else None





			def __len__(					self						:							List[str] )    ->       int:
									"""simple docstring"""







									__lowercase											=					self.head
									__lowercase											=					0
									while temp is not None:
															count += 1
															__lowercase											=					temp.next
									return count





			def 		snake_case__      (					self						:							Optional[Any] )    ->       bool:
									"""simple docstring"""







									return self.head is None







			def 		snake_case__      (					self						:							Optional[Any] )    ->       None:
									"""simple docstring"""







									print("""stack elements are:""" )
									__lowercase											=					self.head
									while temp is not None:
															print(temp.data      ,  end="""->""" )
															__lowercase											=					temp.next


# Code execution starts here
if __name__ == "__main__":
			# Start with the empty stack
			UpperCamelCase__			=    Stack()

			# Insert 4 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->None
			print("Stack operations using Doubly LinkedList")
			stack.push(4)

			# Insert 5 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->None
			stack.push(5)

			# Insert 6 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->6->None
			stack.push(6)

			# Insert 7 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->6->7->None
			stack.push(7)

			# Print the stack
			stack.print_stack()

			# Print the top element
			print("\nTop element is ", stack.top())

			# Print the stack size
			print("Size of the stack is ", len(stack))

			# pop the top element
			stack.pop()

			# pop the top element
			stack.pop()

			# two elements have now been popped off
			stack.print_stack()

			# Print True if the stack is empty else False
			print("\nstack is empty:", stack.is_empty())





