






'''simple docstring'''





import math



def 			__UpperCAmelCase				(lowercase__				)		->				float:

						'''simple docstring'''


						a_				     =   math.log(2	,10				) * number
						a_				     =   round((log_number - int(lowercase__				))	,15				)

						return difference



def 			__UpperCAmelCase				(lowercase__ = 678910				)		->				int:

						'''simple docstring'''


						a_				     =   90
						a_				     =   0

						a_				     =   math.log(1.23	,10				)
						a_				     =   math.log(1.24	,10				)
						a_				     =   0

						while position < number:
												a_				     =   log_difference(lowercase__				)

												if difference >= upper_limit:
																		power_iterator += 93

												elif difference < lower_limit:
																		power_iterator += 196

												else:
																		a_				     =   power_iterator
																		power_iterator += 196
																		position += 1

						return previous_power


if __name__ == "__main__":
							import doctest

							doctest.testmod()

							print(F'{solution() = }')











'''simple docstring'''





from __future__ import annotations

a_      = [2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 0, 8, 9, 1, 2, 0, 6, 4, 2, 0, 6, 5, 3, 2, 7]





class 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   :



		def __init__(    self:    Optional[int]				,   a:    int)  ->None:






								'''simple docstring'''


								a_				     =   -1
								a_				     =   -1
								a_				     =   [-1] * length
								a_				     =   None
								a_				     =   None




		def __repr__(    self:    Union[str, Any])  ->str:






								'''simple docstring'''


								return f"""Node(min_value={self.minn} max_value={self.maxx})"""





def 			__UpperCAmelCase				(lowercase__				)		->				Node | None:

						'''simple docstring'''


						a_				     =   Node(len(lowercase__				)				)
						a_     ,       a_				     =   min(lowercase__				), max(lowercase__				)
						# Leaf node case where the node contains only one unique value
						if root.minn == root.maxx:
												return root
						a_				     =   (root.minn + root.maxx) // 2

						a_				     =   []
						a_				     =   []

						for index, num in enumerate(lowercase__				):
												if num <= pivot:
																		left_arr.append(lowercase__				)
												else:
																		right_arr.append(lowercase__				)
												a_				     =   len(lowercase__				)
						a_				     =   build_tree(lowercase__				)
						a_				     =   build_tree(lowercase__				)
						return root



def 			__UpperCAmelCase				(lowercase__	,lowercase__	,lowercase__				)		->				int:

						'''simple docstring'''


						if index < 0 or node is None:
												return 0
						# Leaf node cases
						if node.minn == node.maxx:
												return index + 1 if node.minn == num else 0
						a_				     =   (node.minn + node.maxx) // 2
						if num <= pivot:
												# go the left subtree and map index to the left subtree
												return rank_till_index(node.left	,lowercase__	,node.map_left[index] - 1				)
						else:
												# go to the right subtree and map index to the right subtree
												return rank_till_index(node.right	,lowercase__	,index - node.map_left[index]				)



def 			__UpperCAmelCase				(lowercase__	,lowercase__	,lowercase__	,lowercase__				)		->				int:

						'''simple docstring'''


						if start > end:
												return 0
						a_				     =   rank_till_index(lowercase__	,lowercase__	,lowercase__				)
						a_				     =   rank_till_index(lowercase__	,lowercase__	,start - 1				)
						return rank_till_end - rank_before_start



def 			__UpperCAmelCase				(lowercase__	,lowercase__	,lowercase__	,lowercase__				)		->				int:

						'''simple docstring'''


						if index > (end - start) or start > end or node is None:
												return -1
						# Leaf node case
						if node.minn == node.maxx:
												return node.minn
						# Number of elements in the left subtree in interval [start, end]
						a_				     =   node.map_left[end] - (
						    node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0
						)
						if num_elements_in_left_tree > index:
												return quantile(
												    node.left	,lowercase__	,(node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)	,node.map_left[end] - 1	,)
						else:
												return quantile(
												    node.right	,index - num_elements_in_left_tree	,start - (node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)	,end - node.map_left[end]	,)



def 			__UpperCAmelCase				(lowercase__	,lowercase__	,lowercase__	,lowercase__	,lowercase__				)		->				int:

						'''simple docstring'''


						if (
						    start > end
						    or node is None
						    or start_num > end_num
						    or node.minn > end_num
						    or node.maxx < start_num
						):
												return 0
						if start_num <= node.minn and node.maxx <= end_num:
												return end - start + 1
						a_				     =   range_counting(
						    node.left	,(node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)	,node.map_left[end] - 1	,lowercase__	,lowercase__	,)
						a_				     =   range_counting(
						    node.right	,start - (node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)	,end - node.map_left[end]	,lowercase__	,lowercase__	,)
						return left + right


if __name__ == "__main__":
							import doctest

							doctest.testmod()



