






'''simple docstring'''





def 			__UpperCAmelCase				(lowercase__				)		->				int:

						'''simple docstring'''


						a_				     =   str(lowercase__				).strip()
						if not oct_string:
												raise ValueError("Empty string was passed to the function"				)
						a_				     =   oct_string[0] == "-"
						if is_negative:
												a_				     =   oct_string[1:]
						if not oct_string.isdigit() or not all(0 <= int(lowercase__				) <= 7 for char in oct_string				):
												raise ValueError("Non-octal value was passed to the function"				)
						a_				     =   0
						for char in oct_string:
												a_				     =   8 * decimal_number + int(lowercase__				)
						if is_negative:
												a_				     =   -decimal_number
						return decimal_number


if __name__ == "__main__":
							from doctest import testmod

							testmod()











'''simple docstring'''





from __future__ import annotations





class 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   :



		def __init__(    self:    List[str]				,   a:    int = 0)  ->None:






								'''simple docstring'''


								a_				     =   value
								a_				     =   None
								a_				     =   None





def 			__UpperCAmelCase				(lowercase__	,lowercase__				)		->				Node | None:

						'''simple docstring'''


						if treea is None:
												return treea
						if treea is None:
												return treea

						a_				     =   treea.value + treea.value
						a_				     =   merge_two_binary_trees(treea.left	,treea.left				)
						a_				     =   merge_two_binary_trees(treea.right	,treea.right				)
						return treea



def 			__UpperCAmelCase				(lowercase__				)		->				None:

						'''simple docstring'''


						if root:
												print(root.value				)
												print_preorder(root.left				)
												print_preorder(root.right				)


if __name__ == "__main__":
							a_      = Node(1)
							a_      = Node(2)
							a_      = Node(3)
							a_      = Node(4)

							a_      = Node(2)
							a_      = Node(4)
							a_      = Node(6)
							a_      = Node(9)
							a_      = Node(5)

							print('Tree1 is: ')
							print_preorder(treea)
							print('Tree2 is: ')
							print_preorder(treea)
							a_      = merge_two_binary_trees(treea, treea)
							print('Merged Tree is: ')
							print_preorder(merged_tree)



