





'''simple docstring'''


from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Generic, TypeVar

lowerCAmelCase      :  Any      							=TypeVar('''T''')
class    a_     (       Generic[T]							):





     def __init__(				self	:      List[str]			,   lowercase	:      T		):





        """simple docstring"""




        lowercase_    :Optional[int]					    =				data  # Assign data
        lowercase_    :Node[T] | None					    =				None  # Initialize next as null
        lowercase_    :Node[T] | None					    =				None  # Initialize prev as null







class    a_     (       Generic[T]							):





     def __init__(				self	:      Any		):





        """simple docstring"""




        lowercase_    :Node[T] | None					    =				None





     def 							lowercase__   (				self	:      str			,   lowercase	:      T		):





        """simple docstring"""




        if self.head is None:
           lowercase_    :Tuple					    =				Node(lowercase		)
        else:
           lowercase_    :int					    =				Node(lowercase		)
           lowercase_    :str					    =				new_node
           lowercase_    :List[str]					    =				self.head
           lowercase_    :Union[str, Any]					    =				None
           lowercase_    :Dict					    =				new_node





     def 							lowercase__   (				self	:      str		):





        """simple docstring"""




        if self.head is None:
           return None
        else:
           assert self.head is not None
           lowercase_    :Optional[int]					    =				self.head.data
           lowercase_    :Tuple					    =				self.head.next
           if self.head is not None:
              lowercase_    :List[Any]					    =				None
           return temp





     def 							lowercase__   (				self	:      Dict		):





        """simple docstring"""




        return self.head.data if self.head is not None else None





     def __len__(				self	:      Tuple		):





        """simple docstring"""




        lowercase_    :Any					    =				self.head
        lowercase_    :List[Any]					    =				0
        while temp is not None:
           count += 1
           lowercase_    :List[str]					    =				temp.next
        return count





     def 							lowercase__   (				self	:      List[Any]		):





        """simple docstring"""




        return self.head is None







     def 							lowercase__   (				self	:      List[Any]		):





        """simple docstring"""




        print("stack elements are:"		)
        lowercase_    :Dict					    =				self.head
        while temp is not None:
           print(temp.data			,   end="->"		)
           lowercase_    :Dict					    =				temp.next


# Code execution starts here
if __name__ == "__main__":
 # Start with the empty stack
 lowerCAmelCase      :  Stack[int]      							=Stack()

 # Insert 4 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->None
 print('''Stack operations using Doubly LinkedList''')
 stack.push(4)

 # Insert 5 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->None
 stack.push(5)

 # Insert 6 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->6->None
 stack.push(6)

 # Insert 7 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->6->7->None
 stack.push(7)

 # Print the stack
 stack.print_stack()

 # Print the top element
 print('''\nTop element is ''', stack.top())

 # Print the stack size
 print('''Size of the stack is ''', len(stack))

 # pop the top element
 stack.pop()

 # pop the top element
 stack.pop()

 # two elements have now been popped off
 stack.print_stack()

 # Print True if the stack is empty else False
 print('''\nstack is empty:''', stack.is_empty())









'''simple docstring'''


import multiprocessing
import os
from typing import BinaryIO, Optional, Union

from .. import Dataset, Features, NamedSplit, config
from ..formatting import query_table
from ..packaged_modules.csv.csv import Csv
from ..utils import logging
from ..utils.typing import NestedDataStructureLike, PathLike
from .abc import AbstractDatasetReader
class    a_     (       _lowerCAmelCase							):





     def __init__(				self	:      Dict			,   lowercase	:      NestedDataStructureLike[PathLike]			,   lowercase	:      Optional[NamedSplit] = None			,   lowercase	:      Optional[Features] = None			,   lowercase	:      str = None			,   lowercase	:      bool = False			,   lowercase	:      bool = False			,   lowercase	:      Optional[int] = None			,   **lowercase	:      Any			,   ):





        """simple docstring"""




        super().__init__(
            lowercase			,   split=lowercase			,   features=lowercase			,   cache_dir=lowercase			,   keep_in_memory=lowercase			,   streaming=lowercase			,   num_proc=lowercase			,   **lowercase			,   )
        lowercase_    :Any					    =				path_or_paths if isinstance(lowercase			,   lowercase		) else {self.split: path_or_paths}
        lowercase_    :Any					    =				Csv(
            cache_dir=lowercase			,   data_files=lowercase			,   features=lowercase			,   **lowercase			,   )







     def 							lowercase__   (				self	:      Any		):





        """simple docstring"""




        if self.streaming:
           lowercase_    :Union[str, Any]					    =				self.builder.as_streaming_dataset(split=self.split		)
        # Build regular (map-style) dataset
        else:
           lowercase_    :Dict					    =				None
           lowercase_    :List[str]					    =				None
           lowercase_    :List[Any]					    =				None
           lowercase_    :Union[str, Any]					    =				None

           self.builder.download_and_prepare(
               download_config=lowercase			,   download_mode=lowercase			,   verification_mode=lowercase			,   base_path=lowercase			,   num_proc=self.num_proc			,   )
           lowercase_    :int					    =				self.builder.as_dataset(
               split=self.split			,   verification_mode=lowercase			,   in_memory=self.keep_in_memory		)
        return dataset







class    a_     :





     def __init__(				self	:      Dict			,   lowercase	:      Dataset			,   lowercase	:      Union[PathLike, BinaryIO]			,   lowercase	:      Optional[int] = None			,   lowercase	:      Optional[int] = None			,   **lowercase	:      Any			,   ):





        """simple docstring"""




        if num_proc is not None and num_proc <= 0:
           raise ValueError(F'num_proc {num_proc} must be an integer > 0.'		)

        lowercase_    :str					    =				dataset
        lowercase_    :List[Any]					    =				path_or_buf
        lowercase_    :Any					    =				batch_size if batch_size else config.DEFAULT_MAX_BATCH_SIZE
        lowercase_    :int					    =				num_proc
        lowercase_    :Optional[Any]					    =				"utf-8"
        lowercase_    :Dict					    =				to_csv_kwargs





     def 							lowercase__   (				self	:      Union[str, Any]		):





        """simple docstring"""




        lowercase_    :int					    =				self.to_csv_kwargs.pop("path_or_buf"			,   lowercase		)
        lowercase_    :List[str]					    =				self.to_csv_kwargs.pop("header"			,   lowercase		)
        lowercase_    :Optional[Any]					    =				self.to_csv_kwargs.pop("index"			,   lowercase		)

        if isinstance(self.path_or_buf			,   (str, bytes, os.PathLike)		):
           with open(self.path_or_buf			,   "wb+"		) as buffer:
              lowercase_    :List[Any]					    =				self._write(file_obj=lowercase			,   header=lowercase			,   index=lowercase			,   **self.to_csv_kwargs		)
        else:
           lowercase_    :Any					    =				self._write(file_obj=self.path_or_buf			,   header=lowercase			,   index=lowercase			,   **self.to_csv_kwargs		)
        return written





     def 							lowercase__   (				self	:      List[Any]			,   lowercase	:      Union[str, Any]		):





        """simple docstring"""




        lowercase_    ,							lowercase_    ,							lowercase_    ,							lowercase_    :Optional[Any]					    =				args

        lowercase_    :Dict					    =				query_table(
            table=self.dataset.data			,   key=slice(lowercase			,   offset + self.batch_size		)			,   indices=self.dataset._indices			,   )
        lowercase_    :List[str]					    =				batch.to_pandas().to_csv(
            path_or_buf=lowercase			,   header=header if (offset == 0) else False			,   index=lowercase			,   **lowercase		)
        return csv_str.encode(self.encoding		)







     def 							lowercase__   (				self	:      Dict			,   lowercase	:      BinaryIO			,   lowercase	:      Dict			,   lowercase	:      int			,   **lowercase	:      Any		):





        """simple docstring"""




        lowercase_    :Dict					    =				0

        if self.num_proc is None or self.num_proc == 1:
           for offset in logging.tqdm(
               range(0			,   len(self.dataset		)			,   self.batch_size		)			,   unit="ba"			,   disable=not logging.is_progress_bar_enabled()			,   desc="Creating CSV from Arrow format"			,   ):
              lowercase_    :Optional[Any]					    =				self._batch_csv((offset, header, index, to_csv_kwargs)		)
              written += file_obj.write(lowercase		)

        else:
           lowercase_    ,							lowercase_    :Optional[int]					    =				len(self.dataset		), self.batch_size
           with multiprocessing.Pool(self.num_proc		) as pool:
              for csv_str in logging.tqdm(
                  pool.imap(
                      self._batch_csv			,   [(offset, header, index, to_csv_kwargs) for offset in range(0			,   lowercase			,   lowercase		)]			,   )			,   total=(num_rows // batch_size) + 1 if num_rows % batch_size else num_rows // batch_size			,   unit="ba"			,   disable=not logging.is_progress_bar_enabled()			,   desc="Creating CSV from Arrow format"			,   ):
                 written += file_obj.write(lowercase		)

        return written


