#
Serialization

`huggingface_hub` contains helpers to help ML libraries serialize models weights in a standardized way. This part of the lib is still under development and will be improved in future releases. The goal is to harmonize how weights are serialized on the Hub, both to remove code duplication across libraries and to foster conventions on the Hub.

##
Save torch state dict

The main helper of the `serialization` module takes a torch `nn.Module` as input and saves it to disk. It handles the logic to save shared tensors (see safetensors explanation) as well as logic to split the state dictionary into shards, using split_torch_state_dict_into_shards() under the hood. At the moment, only `torch` framework is supported.

If you want to save a state dictionary (e.g. a mapping between layer names and related tensors) instead of a `nn.Module`, you can use save_torch_state_dict() which provides the same features. This is useful for example if you want to apply custom logic to the state dict before saving it.

####
huggingface_hub.save_torch_model

< source >

( model: torch.nn.Module save_directory: Union filename_pattern: Optional = None force_contiguous: bool = True max_shard_size: Union = '5GB' metadata: Optional = None safe_serialization: bool = True )

Parameters

- model (`torch.nn.Module`) — The model to save on disk.
- save_directory (`str` or `Path`) — The directory in which the model will be saved.
- filename_pattern (`str`, optional) — The pattern to generate the files names in which the model will be saved. Pattern must be a string that can be formatted with `filename_pattern.format(suffix=...)` and must contain the keyword `suffix` Defaults to `"model{suffix}.safetensors"` or `pytorch_model{suffix}.bin` depending on `safe_serialization` parameter.
- force_contiguous (`boolean`, optional) — Forcing the state_dict to be saved as contiguous tensors. This has no effect on the correctness of the model, but it could potentially change performance if the layout of the tensor was chosen specifically for that reason. Defaults to `True`.
- max_shard_size (`int` or `str`, optional) — The maximum size of each shard, in bytes. Defaults to 5GB.
- metadata (`Dict[str, str]`, optional) — Extra information to save along with the model. Some metadata will be added for each dropped tensors. This information will not be enough to recover the entire shared structure but might help understanding things.
- safe_serialization (`bool`, optional) — Whether to save as safetensors, which is the default behavior. If `False`, the shards are saved as pickle. Safe serialization is recommended for security reasons. Saving as pickle is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.

Saves a given torch model to disk, handling sharding and shared tensors issues.

See also save_torch_state_dict() to save a state dict with more flexibility.

For more information about tensor sharing, check out this guide.

The model state dictionary is split into shards so that each shard is smaller than a given size. The shards are saved in the `save_directory` with the given `filename_pattern`. If the model is too big to fit in a single shard, an index file is saved in the `save_directory` to indicate where each tensor is saved. This helper uses split_torch_state_dict_into_shards() under the hood. If `safe_serialization` is `True`, the shards are saved as safetensors (the default). Otherwise, the shards are saved as pickle.

Before saving the model, the `save_directory` is cleaned from any previous shard files.

If one of the model’s tensor is bigger than `max_shard_size`, it will end up in its own shard which will have a size greater than `max_shard_size`.

Example:

    >>> from huggingface_hub import save_torch_model
    >>> model = ... # A PyTorch model

    # Save state dict to "path/to/folder". The model will be split into shards of 5GB each and saved as safetensors.
    >>> save_torch_model(model, "path/to/folder")

    # Load model back
    >>> from huggingface_hub import load_torch_model  # TODO
    >>> load_torch_model(model, "path/to/folder")
    >>>

####
huggingface_hub.save_torch_state_dict

< source >

( state_dict: Dict save_directory: Union filename_pattern: Optional = None force_contiguous: bool = True max_shard_size: Union = '5GB' metadata: Optional = None safe_serialization: bool = True )

Parameters

- state_dict (`Dict[str, torch.Tensor]`) — The state dictionary to save.
- save_directory (`str` or `Path`) — The directory in which the model will be saved.
- filename_pattern (`str`, optional) — The pattern to generate the files names in which the model will be saved. Pattern must be a string that can be formatted with `filename_pattern.format(suffix=...)` and must contain the keyword `suffix` Defaults to `"model{suffix}.safetensors"` or `pytorch_model{suffix}.bin` depending on `safe_serialization` parameter.
- force_contiguous (`boolean`, optional) — Forcing the state_dict to be saved as contiguous tensors. This has no effect on the correctness of the model, but it could potentially change performance if the layout of the tensor was chosen specifically for that reason. Defaults to `True`.
- max_shard_size (`int` or `str`, optional) — The maximum size of each shard, in bytes. Defaults to 5GB.
- metadata (`Dict[str, str]`, optional) — Extra information to save along with the model. Some metadata will be added for each dropped tensors. This information will not be enough to recover the entire shared structure but might help understanding things.
- safe_serialization (`bool`, optional) — Whether to save as safetensors, which is the default behavior. If `False`, the shards are saved as pickle. Safe serialization is recommended for security reasons. Saving as pickle is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.

Save a model state dictionary to the disk, handling sharding and shared tensors issues.

See also save_torch_model() to directly save a PyTorch model.

For more information about tensor sharing, check out this guide.

The model state dictionary is split into shards so that each shard is smaller than a given size. The shards are saved in the `save_directory` with the given `filename_pattern`. If the model is too big to fit in a single shard, an index file is saved in the `save_directory` to indicate where each tensor is saved. This helper uses split_torch_state_dict_into_shards() under the hood. If `safe_serialization` is `True`, the shards are saved as safetensors (the default). Otherwise, the shards are saved as pickle.

Before saving the model, the `save_directory` is cleaned from any previous shard files.

If one of the model’s tensor is bigger than `max_shard_size`, it will end up in its own shard which will have a size greater than `max_shard_size`.

Example:

    >>> from huggingface_hub import save_torch_state_dict
    >>> model = ... # A PyTorch model

    # Save state dict to "path/to/folder". The model will be split into shards of 5GB each and saved as safetensors.
    >>> state_dict = model_to_save.state_dict()
    >>> save_torch_state_dict(state_dict, "path/to/folder")

##
Split state dict into shards

The `serialization` module also contains low-level helpers to split a state dictionary into several shards, while creating a proper index in the process. These helpers are available for `torch` and `tensorflow` tensors and are designed to be easily extended to any other ML frameworks.

###
split_tf_state_dict_into_shards

####
huggingface_hub.split_tf_state_dict_into_shards

< source >

( state_dict: Dict filename_pattern: str = 'tf_model{suffix}.h5' max_shard_size: Union = '5GB' ) →
`StateDictSplit`

Parameters

- state_dict (`Dict[str, Tensor]`) — The state dictionary to save.
- filename_pattern (`str`, optional) — The pattern to generate the files names in which the model will be saved. Pattern must be a string that can be formatted with `filename_pattern.format(suffix=...)` and must contain the keyword `suffix` Defaults to `"tf_model{suffix}.h5"`.
- max_shard_size (`int` or `str`, optional) — The maximum size of each shard, in bytes. Defaults to 5GB.

Returns

`StateDictSplit`

A `StateDictSplit` object containing the shards and the index to retrieve them.

Split a model state dictionary in shards so that each shard is smaller than a given size.

The shards are determined by iterating through the `state_dict` in the order of its keys. There is no optimization made to make each shard as close as possible to the maximum size passed. For example, if the limit is 10GB and we have tensors of sizes [6GB, 6GB, 2GB, 6GB, 2GB, 2GB] they will get sharded as [6GB], [6+2GB], [6+2+2GB] and not [6+2+2GB], [6+2GB], [6GB].

If one of the model’s tensor is bigger than `max_shard_size`, it will end up in its own shard which will have a size greater than `max_shard_size`.

###
split_torch_state_dict_into_shards

####
huggingface_hub.split_torch_state_dict_into_shards

< source >

( state_dict: Dict filename_pattern: str = 'model{suffix}.safetensors' max_shard_size: Union = '5GB' ) →
`StateDictSplit`

Parameters

- state_dict (`Dict[str, torch.Tensor]`) — The state dictionary to save.
- filename_pattern (`str`, optional) — The pattern to generate the files names in which the model will be saved. Pattern must be a string that can be formatted with `filename_pattern.format(suffix=...)` and must contain the keyword `suffix` Defaults to `"model{suffix}.safetensors"`.
- max_shard_size (`int` or `str`, optional) — The maximum size of each shard, in bytes. Defaults to 5GB.

Returns

`StateDictSplit`

A `StateDictSplit` object containing the shards and the index to retrieve them.

Split a model state dictionary in shards so that each shard is smaller than a given size.

The shards are determined by iterating through the `state_dict` in the order of its keys. There is no optimization made to make each shard as close as possible to the maximum size passed. For example, if the limit is 10GB and we have tensors of sizes [6GB, 6GB, 2GB, 6GB, 2GB, 2GB] they will get sharded as [6GB], [6+2GB], [6+2+2GB] and not [6+2+2GB], [6+2GB], [6GB].

To save a model state dictionary to the disk, see save_torch_state_dict(). This helper uses `split_torch_state_dict_into_shards` under the hood.

If one of the model’s tensor is bigger than `max_shard_size`, it will end up in its own shard which will have a size greater than `max_shard_size`.

Example:

    >>> import json
    >>> import os
    >>> from safetensors.torch import save_file as safe_save_file
    >>> from huggingface_hub import split_torch_state_dict_into_shards

    >>> def save_state_dict(state_dict: Dict[str, torch.Tensor], save_directory: str):
    ...     state_dict_split = split_torch_state_dict_into_shards(state_dict)
    ...     for filename, tensors in state_dict_split.filename_to_tensors.items():
    ...         shard = {tensor: state_dict[tensor] for tensor in tensors}
    ...         safe_save_file(
    ...             shard,
    ...             os.path.join(save_directory, filename),
    ...             metadata={"format": "pt"},
    ...         )
    ...     if state_dict_split.is_sharded:
    ...         index = {
    ...             "metadata": state_dict_split.metadata,
    ...             "weight_map": state_dict_split.tensor_to_filename,
    ...         }
    ...         with open(os.path.join(save_directory, "model.safetensors.index.json"), "w") as f:
    ...             f.write(json.dumps(index, indent=2))

###
split_state_dict_into_shards_factory

This is the underlying factory from which each framework-specific helper is derived. In practice, you are not expected to use this factory directly except if you need to adapt it to a framework that is not yet supported. If that is the case, please let us know by opening a new issue on the `huggingface_hub` repo.

####
huggingface_hub.split_state_dict_into_shards_factory

< source >

( state_dict: Dict get_storage_size: Callable filename_pattern: str get_storage_id: Callable = <function <lambda> at 0x7f1493973490> max_shard_size: Union = '5GB' ) →
`StateDictSplit`

Parameters

- state_dict (`Dict[str, Tensor]`) — The state dictionary to save.
- get_storage_size (`Callable[[Tensor], int]`) — A function that returns the size of a tensor when saved on disk in bytes.
- get_storage_id (`Callable[[Tensor], Optional[Any]]`, optional) — A function that returns a unique identifier to a tensor storage. Multiple different tensors can share the same underlying storage. This identifier is guaranteed to be unique and constant for this tensor’s storage during its lifetime. Two tensor storages with non-overlapping lifetimes may have the same id.
- filename_pattern (`str`, optional) — The pattern to generate the files names in which the model will be saved. Pattern must be a string that can be formatted with `filename_pattern.format(suffix=...)` and must contain the keyword `suffix`
- max_shard_size (`int` or `str`, optional) — The maximum size of each shard, in bytes. Defaults to 5GB.

Returns

`StateDictSplit`

A `StateDictSplit` object containing the shards and the index to retrieve them.

Split a model state dictionary in shards so that each shard is smaller than a given size.

The shards are determined by iterating through the `state_dict` in the order of its keys. There is no optimization made to make each shard as close as possible to the maximum size passed. For example, if the limit is 10GB and we have tensors of sizes [6GB, 6GB, 2GB, 6GB, 2GB, 2GB] they will get sharded as [6GB], [6+2GB], [6+2+2GB] and not [6+2+2GB], [6+2GB], [6GB].

If one of the model’s tensor is bigger than `max_shard_size`, it will end up in its own shard which will have a size greater than `max_shard_size`.

##
Helpers

###
get_torch_storage_id

####
huggingface_hub.get_torch_storage_id

< source >

( tensor: torch.Tensor )

Return unique identifier to a tensor storage.

Multiple different tensors can share the same underlying storage. For example, “meta” tensors all share the same storage, and thus their identifier will all be equal. This identifier is guaranteed to be unique and constant for this tensor’s storage during its lifetime. Two tensor storages with non-overlapping lifetimes may have the same id.

Taken from https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/1ecf5f7c982d761b4daaa96719d162c324187c64/src/transformers/pytorch_utils.py#L278.

###
get_torch_storage_size

####
huggingface_hub.get_torch_storage_size

< source >

( tensor: torch.Tensor )

Taken from https://github.com/huggingface/safetensors/blob/08db34094e9e59e2f9218f2df133b7b4aaff5a99/bindings/python/py_src/safetensors/torch.py#L31C1-L41C59

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