Is there a current source for the LGEO parts library? I'm working on a povray render of a model. I've seen the LGEO (not a typo) part library referenced in various places, but I haven't been able to find a working download link.

Is there a current source for an updated version of this part library?
As stated in your "various places" link, the LDraw.org web site maintains an All-In-One-Installer (AIOI) which contains and installs LGEO and is updated in January every year so I assume they use the latest version of LGEO. 

BTW, I found an LGEO quirk when launching POV-Ray from within LPub3D which I use for generating building instructions.  I kept the screenshot below highlighting how you have to tell LPub3D that LGEO is not available, even though the AIOI installed it: