Software-based training on Linux 10 years ago I used to learn from an old version of Fritz on DVD. It was great. It had a teaching move while you played full games and it also had automated curriculum to teach you openings, endings, and tactics.

At this point in my life I've fully rejected all Windows and MacOS operating systems in favor of Linux. I'd like to have a chess learning experience like I did with Fritz, though.

I've signed up for Chessbase/Fritz online, but it doesn't seem to have any of the many learning features that I had a decade ago. Do I have any other good options?

I'm looking for a richer learning experience than just an engine analyzing my games post-hoc.
Have you taken a look at lichess.org ? It has a solid web interface, Android/iPhone applications, plenty of chess games/variants, analysis move, there are a few trainings, starting from the basics and ending with pretty advanced stuff, finally there are puzzles taken from the actual chess games, where you have to win the game someone won (or lost) before.