What are the best books on (A) General Theory, (B) Calculation Process/Improvement? I will introduce my request by saying that up until fairly recently I was completely oblivious to chess despite practicing as a kid, I have a clear understanding of the FIDE rules but that's about it.

Though being an advanced player in similar disciplines I understand the concepts of opening theory, endgame, evaluation of position, albeit not in a chess context.

What are the best books of reference on:

(A) General Theory: or ways to think about chess beyond the rules themselves, having heard terms such as scope, dynamics, positional judgement, the importance of the center, pawn structures, etc/?

(B) Calculation in chess: a description of the thought process, methods for improving?
Chess principles: 


Aron Nimzowitsch's My System  [Essential. Good for beginners as well]
School of Chess Excellence series 3 - Strategic Play by Mark Dvoretsky. [Intermediate level]
Grandmaster Preparation - Strategic Play by Jacob Aagaard [Advanced. Aagard's books have tough puzzles which will be very hard for Beginners.]


Pawn Structures: [You can read the theory and games to understand the principles. Not very technical, so should be equally understanable by Beginners. At the same time, intermediate/advanced level player will be better able to participate with the book using analysis.]


Winning Chess Middlegame by Sokolov 
Winning Pawn Structures by Alexander Baburin 


Calculation: 


Think like a Grand Master - Kotov [Good for all levels. But beginners will find the technical parts difficult]
Secrets of Chess Training by Mark Dvoretsky. [Advanced. dot. A difficult book since it dwells on analysis and getting better at the technical aspects]
Other authors: Jeremy Silman, Andrew Soltis (The Inner Game of Chess?) 
[I have all the above books in my library, and have read them in parts at least, but I don't have the books of Soltis and Silman. Never read them, But I heard good feedback about them. Worth a try, I guess.]