How to deal with unorthodox players? I am new to chess and know only a bit of opening theory and understand some general ideas like developing my pieces, threatening and controlling the center of the board, etc. but I struggle against players who follow no opening and just bring out the queen and run amok on the board. 

How does one wanting to stick to principles deal with such unorthodox play? Am I just too new to understand that there are book responses to such moves or should I focus on repulsing pieces before I develop or should I just follow my plan for development? 

Also, I would really appreciate any recommendations about resources for beginners.
Just do what you would do against 'normal' players. Develop your pieces, occupy the center, castle your king, but at the same, watch out for tactics (which, against a lone queen, means: don't leave pawns or pieces undefended).

You can harass the queen during development to gain extra tempi (e.g. 1. e4 e5 2. Qg4 Nf6), that never hurts, but you can also just wait until your development is complete, and only then attack the queen. There are no 'book moves' for this.