How computers have changed the way humans play chess A few years ago Vishy Anand mentioned in an interview that computers had changed the way humans play chess.  Obviously computers help a lot in opening preparation, but what other concrete examples are there?


Is there a certain opening line or endgame whose evaluation has changed a lot due to computer analysis?
Have new principles or strategies been found thanks to computers?
Are grandmaster specifically training to play computer moves instead of relying on traditional principles?
Computers allowed the creation of endgame tables, which allow the user to know with 100% certainty if a position can be won, and how to do it. Currently all positions containing 7 or fewer pieces are 100% known.  I am unaware of any opening line busted by computers.
Not that I know of, but computers do find answers to some hard questions. So while computers don't change the principles, they can surely change the evaluation of specific positions. For example, it is common for computers to find flaws in pre-computer chess books, even books held in high regard.
No. Grandmasters use computers as a training aid, however.