Riemann Hypothesis and Complexity Theory It is known that "Assuming the generalized Riemann hypothesis (GRH) if VP = VNP then PH collapses to second level". Why would one think of a relation between VP,VNP and the Riemann hypothesis. Where does a statement about the zeros of the Riemann zeta function appear in a statement about complexity classes ? I have not read the original result. It would be nice if anyone could provide some intuition.
Valiant's classes are defined over some field. They can use arbitrary constants from that field. To draw some conclusion about Boolean complexity classes, one needs to replace these arbitrary constants by small discrete constants. Here GRH comes into play, since it ensures the existence of enough primes with certain properties.