$DTIME_1(o(n^2))\setminus$ REGULAR Maybe this is well-known, but I couldn't find any example of a non-regular lanugage that is decidable on a single-tape Turing machine in subquadratic time.
Help!

Related paper: On the structure of one-tape nondeterministic turing machine time hierarchy by Kobayashi.

Related question: Why do we use single tape Turing machines for time complexity? by Kaveh.
For example, I think you can decide if $\lfloor\log_2|w|\rfloor$ is even in time $O(n\log n)$: you first overwrite the input string with all 1s, and then do $\log n$ passes over the string where you turn every other 1 into a 0 (while skipping 0s that are already there). You keep track of the number of passes modulo 2.