How should I perform research as an Undergraduate Are there distinct fields or types of problems which have contributions that are realistic to achieve for an undergraduate?
Yes, ask your professor to give you a problem that you may solve as an undergraduate. You can also look for publications that say that the problems are appropriate for undergraduates. 

I think that a research project that you could do that would be interesting would be to create a language that would compile to the EVM (I suggest scratch https://scratch.mit.edu/).

Another would be to explore user interface design for voice systems like making an Alexa App or one that you create yourself to solve some problem that you face.

A good example can be found at http://www.ics.uci.edu/~theory/269/020125.pdf