Auditable encrypted ledger Consider a cloud-based accounting system that needs access to aggregate information such as an account's balance but doesn't need access to individual transaction amounts in a ledger.

Does there exist a homomorphic encryption scheme that allows a public observer (such as a cloud computing provider) to compute the plaintext sum of a set of encrypted unsigned integers without being able to decode any individual transaction value (n=1 notwithstanding)?

As another example, regulations exist to ensure capital reserves. An institution could use such a scheme to furnish proof of compliance without disclosing individual transactions.
For all non-negative integers $n_0$,$n_1$,$n_2$ and random strings $r_0,r_1,r_2$

$n_0 \:\: = \:\: (n_0+n_1+n_2)-(n_1+n_2)$
$=$
$\operatorname{plaintextsum}(\operatorname{encrypt}(n_0,r_0),\operatorname{encrypt}(n_1,r_1),\operatorname{encrypt}(n_2,r_2))$

$- \: \operatorname{plaintextsum}(\operatorname{encrypt}(n_1,r_1),\operatorname{encrypt}(n_2,r_2))$

.

Therefore any such scheme would be completely insecure

if more than 2 non-negative integers are encrypted with it.