Efficiently computable function as a counter-example to Sarnak's Mobius conjecture Recently, Gil Kalai and Dick Lipton both wrote nice articles on an interesting conjecture proposed by Peter Sarnak, an expert in number theory and the Riemann Hypothesis.


  Conjecture. Let $\mu(k)$ be the Möbius function. Suppose $f: \mathbb{N} \to \{-1,1\}$ is an $\mathsf{AC}^0$ function with input $k$ in the form of binary representation of $k$, then
  $$ \sum_{k \leq n} \mu(k) \cdot f(k) = o(n) \text.$$


Note that if $f(k) = 1$ then we have an equivalent form of the Prime number theorem.

UPDATE: Ben Green on MathOverflow provided a short paper which claims to prove the conjecture. Take a look at the paper.

On the other hand, we know that by setting $f(k) = \mu(k)$ (with slight modification so the range is in $\\{-1,1\\}$), the resulting sum has the estimation
$$ \sum_{k \leq n} \mu(k)^2 = \Omega(n) \text.$$
There is an upper bound that $\mu(k)$ can be computed in $\mathsf{UP} \cap \mathsf{coUP} \subseteq \mathsf{NP} \cap \mathsf{coNP}$, so the constraint proposed on $f(k)$ in the conjecture cannot be relaxed to an $\mathsf{NP}$ function.
My question is: 


  What is the lowest complexity class $\mathsf{C}$ we currently know, such that a function $f(k)$ in $\mathsf{C}$ satisfies the estimation
  $$ \sum_{k \leq n} \mu(k) \cdot f(k) = \Omega(n) \text{?}$$
  In particular, since some of the theorists believe that computing $\mu(k)$ is not in $\mathsf{P}$, can we provide other $\mathsf{P}$ functions $f(k)$ which implies a linear growth in the summation? Can even better bounds be obtained?
There have been interesting developments on this problem, however Replacing $AC^0$ with ACC(2) (Namely allowing mod 2 gates as well) is still well out-of-reach. Some progress beyond Ben Green's theorem can be found in this MO question https://mathoverflow.net/questions/57543/walsh-fourier-transform-of-the-mobius-function as well as this one https://mathoverflow.net/questions/97261/mobius-randomness-of-the-rudin-shapiro-sequence . In addition, Jean Bourgain proved Mobius randomness for every monotone function $f$ (in terms of the binary-digit expansion).