Is e.g. 我与的朋友在二月份去中国 a colloquial way to say "I'm going to China with my friends in Feburary"? Is this a colloquial way to say this?


  我与的朋友在二月份去中国


or what about


  我二月份与的朋友在去中国
First, 的 is not needed and doesn't make sense. Omit it altogether (or make it 我的朋友).
Second, 在 is to express what is happening right now. It is close to "is doing ~" in English (e.g. 我在看书。). If you talk about what will happen in the future, 要 should be the word for it. So replace 在 with 要.


So, the one answer should be:


  我二月份要与朋友去中国。