What happens to a human after he dies according to Catholicism? What happens to a human after he dies according to the Catholicism? A good answer should reference official church sources.
In the Penny Catechism Q 332. asks, "What are the four last things to be ever remembered?"

The answer is:      


  The four last things to be ever remembered are Death, Judgment, Hell, and Heaven. [cf. Ecclus 7:36].


Therefore after death the body turns to dust and the soul of man is judged1. 

The soul of man then goes to hell or to heaven (perhaps via purgatory) and awaits the resurrection of the body so that each one may receive good or evil, according to what he has done in the body. [cf. CCC 366.]

1. cf. Heb 9:27 (RSVCE).

Cf. Particular Judgment | New Advent.



Please see also: ARTICLE 12 "I BELIEVE IN LIFE EVERLASTING" of the Catechism of the Catholic Church.