What is an overview of non-literal methods of interpreting the Bible in Christianity? Following my viewing of this superb discussion between the previous Archbishop of Canterbury and Richard Dawkins:

Dialogue with Richard Dawkins, Rowan Williams and Anthony Kenny (YouTube)

. . . I understood that Archbishop Rowan Williams interpreted the Genesis creation account not perhaps as literal but to be understood as a theme: God created everything and created man in His image.

What is an overview of Christian approaches to the Bible that utilize a non-literal method of interpreting the various texts of the Bible?

Here are two examples of what I might mean by "non-literal interpretation" in particular stories in the Bible:


Noah's ark: not perhaps to be read as a literal historical account, but rather as a story in which God offers salvation to all those who will "come aboard the ship of faith"
Samson and Delilah: Samson's power was "cut off" through the temptation of a woman
A comprehensive overview of sorts is attempted on the Wikipedia page on Biblical Hermeneutics, but it is so comprehensive that it is incomprehensible (at least to me).

I think an abridged overview of sorts can be constructed by looking at what hermeneutic principles were applied within the Church during its first few hundred years.

Justin Martyr (100-165), relied heavily on typology in the interpretation of the Old Testament that he presented to Trypho, a Jew (Dialog with the Jew Trypho).  His typological interpretation of the flood comes close to what you posted in your question.

Irenaeus of Lyon (130-202) relied heavily on a hermeneutic principle of letting Scripture interpret Scripture.  This means that (John Breck, Scripture in Tradition, p.53):


  a.  Every interpretation must be in harmony with other passages of
  Scripture
  
  b. Obscure passages can be interpreted by those that are clear and
  evident


Following Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, hermeneutics took the form of an Alexandrian "school" and an Antioch (or Antiochene) "school".  Exegesis within the Alexandrian school was generally allegorical, whereas exegesis within the Antiochene school relied on a more literal reading of Scripture.  The most prominent exegetes within each of these schools within the Church were probably the contemporaries Cyril of Alexandria (376-444) and John Chrysostom (349-407).  Although each are classified as belonging to their respective school, neither was strictly allegorical or strictly literal in their exegesis.  Both Cyril and Chrysostom employed all of the aforementioned methods, but employed certain techniques more than others.

I think that any hermeneutic principle that developed after the late 4th/early 5th century can probably be analyzed in terms of how much it employs each of the early methods discussed above:


Typology
Using Scripture to interpret Scripture
Allegory
Historical/factual reading