If Jesus is God, who/where does Jesus pray to? I realize that some of Christianity believe God and Jesus to be one being, whereas some believe them to be separate and distinct beings. I come from the background of the latter group, which reasoning I am already familiar with.

According to Christianity which holds Jesus to be God incarnate, who does Jesus pray to while He is in the Garden of Gethsemane or at Calvary, or before raising Lazarus, and at other points in His mortal life? Is it God being in two places at once, being omnipresent? Or am I misunderstanding something else?

It's obvious that Jesus is praying to the Father, as He directly addresses "Father," but what I'm trying to understand is what this really means to the group of Christianity I've mentioned.

Bonus points if you could touch on where Jesus is praying to (or rather, where God/The Father is while Jesus is praying).
There are countless works already done on Trinity. Inspired by all these existing works, here is how we may address the question to whom Jesus prays to. 

Jesus never said "I am God" nor "I am the Father" but said "I and my Father are one". The New Testament always address Jesus as the Lord, the Christ, the Word of God and the Son of God.

One with Father? This word is the most confusing part. As we are only mortal flesh, we are not capable of understanding the unique nature of God. Jesus also many times found it difficult to explain about God and Heavenly things. It's like trying to explain how a computer works to the elderly people who are not familiar with it. Once I tried to explain how a computer works to my father, it was impossible and I gave up.


  John 3:12 (NIV) I have spoken to you of earthly things and you do not
  believe; how then will you believe if I speak of heavenly things?


It is not wrong to say that Jesus is God because Jesus equated himself with God (John 8:58). Jesus is the Word of God, who was with God from the beginning, was (also) God, who became flesh in order to die for our sins.


  John 1:1-18 (NIV) -Excerpt
  
  In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word
  was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were
  made; without him nothing was made that has been made. The Word became
  flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the
  glory of the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace
  and truth. No one has ever seen God, but the one and only Son, who is
  himself God and is in closest relationship with the Father, has made
  him known.


Answer: Jesus was praying to God, the Father, who is one with Him, who is in Heaven even when Jesus the Son was on earth. Jesus never did His own will but the will of the Father. Jesus came from the Father in Heaven to earth to fulfill His mission, which was to die for our sins. After the mission assigned to Him was completed, Jesus went back to the Father and sits at the right hand of the Father. Jesus is now a mediator between God and man, interceding for us always and acts as a High priest for us by using His own blood as an offering to the Father. 


  Matthew 12:50 (NIV) For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother and sister and mother.”
  
  John 16:28 (NIV) I came from the Father and entered the world; now I am leaving the world and going back to the Father.”
  
  Mark 16:19 (NIV) After the Lord Jesus had spoken to them, he was taken
  up into heaven and he sat at the right hand of God.
  
  1 Timothy 2:5 (NIV) For there is one God and one mediator between God and mankind, the man Christ Jesus,
  
  Romans 8:34 (NIV) Who then is the one who condemns? No one. Christ
  Jesus who died—more than that, who was raised to life—is at the right
  hand of God and is also interceding for us.