Does the Bible give any rules for music? Does the Bible provide any rules or even any indication about what kind or style of music is appropriate, both for worship and in general?
I don't think the Bible makes any mention of musical style.  What it does say is to "Make a joyful noise unto the lord" (KJV), Psalm 100.

Modern music of course is usually accompanied by words, and the Bible of course does have much to say about words.  "Let no unwholesome talk come out of your mouth" Ephesians 4:29, which could apply any popular music.