Do non-Christians go to hell? What is the official stance of various Christian denominations on whether or not non-believers go to hell?   How do denominations which preach that they do, reconcile the damnation of people who grow up in other religions with a just and loving God? To be clear, I'm not asking for individual opinion or biblical interpretation but for sources of the official doctrine.
The Apostles Creed was written at least 150 years after the apostles had all died. It is called the Apostles’ Creed because it is supposed to be a record of what the apostles taught.  It makes this declaration about the resurrected Christ and future judgement:

He ascended into heaven and sits at the right hand of God the Father Almighty, whence He shall come to judge the living and the dead.

Although the Apostles Creed does not mention hell, it acknowledges a judgement to come.
The Athanasian Creed (known in Latin as Quicumque vult) is an early summary of Christian doctrine. It is traditionally believed to have been written by Athanasius, archbishop of Alexandria, who lived in the 4th century A.D.  Section 39 to 44 says this about Christ after his resurrection:

“He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again to judge the living and the dead. At his coming all people shall rise bodily to give an account of their own deeds. Those who have done good will enter eternal life, those who have done evil will enter eternal fire. This is the catholic faith. One cannot be saved without believing this firmly and faithfully.”  Source: https://www.gotquestions.org/Athanasian-creed.html

NOTE: The word 'catholic' (lower case letter c) means universal.  The final point relates to accepting and believing all points in the Creed.  In other words, if you don’t accept it all then you are not saved.  Those who are saved enter eternal life.  The unsaved enter eternal fire.
I don’t know if this is the earliest doctrinal statement on hell, but I believe it is accepted by the Catholic Church.  However, a lot of Christians are now saying that hell is not real, but is a metaphor for eternal separation from God.
The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) represents the doctrinal views of the Church of England, the Church of Scotland and Presbyterian churches throughout the world.  Chapter 33 deals with the last judgment:


God hath appointed a day, wherein he will judge the world, in righteousness, by Jesus Christ, to whom all power and judgment is given of the Father. In which day, not only the apostate angels shall be judged, but likewise all persons that have lived upon earth shall appear before the tribunal of Christ, to give an account of their thoughts, words, and deeds; and to receive according to what they have done in the body, whether good or evil.

The end of God's appointing this day is for the manifestation of the glory of his mercy, in the eternal salvation of the elect; and of his justice, in the damnation of the reprobate, who are wicked and disobedient. For then shall the righteous go into everlasting life, and receive that fullness of joy and refreshing, which shall come from the presence of the Lord; but the wicked who know not God, and obey not the gospel of Jesus Christ, shall be cast into eternal torments, and be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power.

As Christ would have us to be certainly persuaded that there shall be a day of judgment, both to deter all men from sin; and for the greater consolation of the godly in their adversity: so will he have that day unknown to men, that they may shake off all carnal security, and be always watchful, because they know not at what hour the Lord will come; and may be ever prepared to say, Come Lord Jesus, come quickly, Amen.



This article provides useful and interesting information on the history of this doctrinal statement of faith that still holds good for most mainstream Protestant denominations: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith
The two partial quotes below come from an evangelical Protestant ministry – not a denomination.  Although not “official doctrine” they may address your points on reconciling hell with a just and loving God.  It’s the “just” part that a lot of people overlook.

John 3:18 explains in the simplest terms who will go to heaven and who will go to hell: “Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already because they have not believed in the name of God’s one and only Son.” So, those who go to hell are specifically those who do not believe in Jesus’ name. To “believe” goes beyond a mental recognition of the truth. To believe in Christ for salvation requires a transfer of allegiance. We stop worshiping ourselves, we forsake our sin, and we begin to worship God with our heart, soul, mind, and strength (Matthew 22:36–37; Mark 12:30).  Source: https://www.gotquestions.org/who-will-go-to-hell.html
“How can a loving God send someone to hell?” The entire question is wrong. A better wording is “If God is love, then why do some people go to hell?” Romans 1:18–20 lays the foundation for the answer: “The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of people, who suppress the truth by their wickedness, since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse” (emphasis added).
When answering the question “how can a loving God send someone to hell?” another facet of God’s nature comes into play. God is not only love, but He is perfect justice as well. Justice requires adequate payment for crimes committed. The only just punishment for high treason against our perfect Creator is eternal separation from Him. That separation means the absence of goodness, light, relationship, and joy, which are all facets of God’s nature. To excuse our sin would require God to be less than just, and to allow sin-tainted humans into His perfect heaven would render that place less than perfect. That’s why only the perfect Son of God could go to the cross in our place. Only His perfect blood was an acceptable payment for the debt we each owe God (Colossians 2:14). When we refuse Jesus as our substitute, we must pay the price ourselves (Romans 6:23).
God gave us the freedom to choose how we respond to Him. If He forced us to love Him, we would be robots. To give us no option but obedience would be a violation of our free will. Love is only love when it is voluntary. We cannot love God unless we have the option of not loving Him. Because God honors our autonomy, He will never force surrender or loyalty. However, there are consequences for either choice. C. S. Lewis summarizes this truth in his classic work, The Great Divorce: “There are only two kinds of people in the end: those who say to God, ‘Thy will be done,’ and those to whom God says, in the end, ‘Thy will be done.’ All that are in Hell, choose it.”  Source: https://www.gotquestions.org/loving-God-send-someone-hell.html

Many denominations reject the concept of a literal place of eternal punishment.  Seventh Day Adventists, Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons) to mention just three.  It would be difficult to find official doctrines on all Christian denomination.