Does the Catholic Church rank the cardinal virtues? The three theological virtues which serve as the basic foundation for all others are faith, hope, and love. The cardinal virtues which build upon them are temperance, justice, wisdom, and courage. 

Does the Catholic church have or condone any sort of official ranking system for the virtues? There are numerous minor virtues which flow out from the cardinal virtues- is there a map or chart which organizes and shows the causal connection?
From the Recapitulatio of Fr. Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange, O.P.'s De Virtutibus Theologicis (p. 20), a commentary on St. Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica II-II, he gives the following categorization of the virtues (virtutes), following the organization of St. Thomas's treatment of the virtues in his Summa:



Here's a rough translation:


The Virtues


Theological (regarding the end)


in the will


virtue uniting us to God according to the beloved itself: CHARITY
virtue tending to God desired by us: HOPE

in the intellect


virtue knowing God according to the authority of God revealing: FAITH


Cardinal (regarding the means)


in the reason


regarding the right direction of the acts of the moral virtues: PRUDENCE 

in the appetite


rational


regarding the operations toward another, rendering according to strict duty: JUSTICE

sensitive


regarding the passions


withdrawing from it what reason dictates (for fear): FORTITUDE
impelling toward something against reason (for sensual desires): TEMPERANCE







Prudence is indeed first among the cardinal virtues because it it deals with the "right direction of the acts of the moral virtues." Thomistic thought holds that "The will follows, does not precede, the intellect" (Thesis 21 of the 24 Thomistic Theses.) 

St. Thomas Aquinas also wrote a Disputed Questions on the Virtues, and he distinguished three types of virtues—intellectual, moral, and theological—in Summa I-II q. 57.

The intellectual virtues are divided as follows (cf. Reality: A Synthesis of Thomistic Thought ch. 47 art. 2 "Classification of the Virtues"):


Intellectual Virtues


Speculative Order


Wisdom
Science (knowledge)
Understanding

Practical Order


Prudence
Art