Do cases of scientific foreknowledge in the Bible come from Exegesis or Eisegesis? There are many apologists who say that scientific knowledge can be found in the Scriptures, although they are not really explicit. [The only fact I can see clearly stated is that the Universe had a beginning (Genesis 1:1; John 1:3, 17:24; Romans 1:20).] Here are a few examples of scientific foreknowledge in the Bible:

The universe is expanding (Isaiah 45:12, 40:22, 42:5; Job 9:8; Psalms 104:2)
The correct description of the stars (Job 38:31-32)
The water cycle (Genesis 8:22; Job 36:27-28; Psalms 135:7; Ecclesiastes 1:7; Amos 9:6)
The Earth is round (Job 26:7; Isaiah 40:22)
Ocean currents (Psalms 8:8)
First law of thermodynamics (Genesis 2:1)
Second law of thermodynamics (Psalms 102:25-26)
And many more

Are theses intances of a later development to accommodate Scripture to modern science or were they understood like that by Christians in different eras?
No. It's not science - go speak to a scientist to find out. Or better still, actually study some science.
If a text mentions a tree am I suddenly a botanist?
The Bible mentions what it does because it is also about the world. Because humans live in a world and its presenting a certain cosmogony about the relationship of humans to the world around them.
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@curiousdanii: Whilst God knows more about trees than we will ever do; reading the Bible doesn't make us into God - to think so is, in the Christian dispensation - blasphemy. Which is why we still have to study trees and much else to become a botanist. So what's your point?