What is the Biblical basis for believing that God punishes Christians for disobedience? Suppose that a person is faithful and counted among those in Christ, and the person is disobedient in some manner.  What is the Biblical basis for the idea that God will punish this Christian beyond the immediate natural consequences of their actions?
For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth.
Hebrews 12:6 (KJV)



As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten: be zealous therefore, and repent.
Revelation 3:19


The parable of the talents:

And that servant, which knew his lord’s will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes.
Luke 12:47


Ananias and Sapphria:

But a certain man named Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a possession,
And kept back part of the price, his wife also being privy to it, and brought a certain part, and laid it at the apostles’ feet.
But Peter said, Ananias, why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy Ghost, and to keep back part of the price of the land?
...
And Ananias hearing these words fell down, and gave up the ghost: and great fear came on all them that heard these things.
...
And it was about the space of three hours after, when his wife, not knowing what was done, came in.
And Peter answered unto her, Tell me whether ye sold the land for so much? And she said, Yea, for so much.
Then Peter said unto her, How is it that ye have agreed together to tempt the Spirit of the Lord? behold, the feet of them which have buried thy husband are at the door, and shall carry thee out.
Then fell she down straightway at his feet, and yielded up the ghost: and the young men came in, and found her dead, and, carrying her forth, buried her by her husband.
Acts 5:1-10

Dying because of lying is not an &quot;immediate natural consequence&quot; (or else almost everyone would be dead); it is a punishment of God.

The Bible is clear that God punishes disobedience.