Who is Father or God in Christianity The following are some lines in which Jesus (Peace be upon him) mentions "Father" or "God".  

Is Islam we consider "Father" or "God" to be referring to Allah as Jesus (Peace be upon him) is considered to be a prophet of Allah.  

I would like to know what these lines are referring to in Christianity:


  My Father, who has given them to me,  is greater than all;  no one can snatch them out of my Father’s hand.&mdash;John 10:29 (NIV)  
  
  "You heard me say, 'I am going away and I am coming back to you.' If you loved me, you would be glad that I am going to the Father, for the Father is greater than I.&mdash;John 14:28 (NIV)
  
  But if it is by the Spirit of God that I drive out demons, then the kingdom of God  has come upon you.&mdash;Matthew 12:28 (NIV)  
  
  About three in the afternoon Jesus cried out in a loud voice, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” (which means “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”).&mdash;Matthew 27:46 (NIV) (parallel in Mark 15:34)
  
  But if I drive out demons by the finger of God,  then the kingdom of God  has come upon you.&mdash;Luke 11:20 (NIV)


Also in the next one it is said by Jesus (Peace be upon him) that "he who sent me".  


  By myself I can do nothing;  I judge only as I hear, and my judgment is just,  for I seek not to please myself but him who sent me. John 5:30
This is a pretty important question, so it will take some time to address.

Yes, Jesus refers to God as Father, and the Father did, indeed, send Jesus.  However, Jesus Himself claimed to be God.  This is only reconcilable as we understand the Trinity.

First of all, it should be noted that most Christians do not believe that God (the Father) had sexual relations with God (the Mother) to produce Jesus (the Son).  To most Christians, this is as unthinkable as it is for Muslims.

Understanding the Trinity

The image of God is seen not only in mankind, but in all of creation, as every creation reflects the image of its creator.  This answer reveals something about me.


The Physical Universe is itself a trinity, consisting of 1) Time, 2) Space, and 3) Matter.  The three coexist, and one cannot exist without the other two.
Time is a trinity as well, consisting of 1) past, 2) present, and 3) future.  The past is not the present; the present is not the future; the future is not the past.
Space is also a trinity, existing in three dimensions--length, width, and height.
Matter also consists of three distinct forms--1) solid, 2) liquid, and 3) gas.  Water (H20 - 3 molecules/one substance) coexists as ice, water and vapor.
Mankind is a trinity as well, consisting of 1) body, 2) soul, and 3) spirit.  One's soul is not his body; his body is not his spirit; and his spirit is not his body.


So, creation reflects the image of its Creator, as can be seen in many different ways.  God is understood by most Christians to be a Trinity--Father, Son, and Spirit.  

The relationship of "Son" to "Father" does indicate reproduction or time with God, who is beyond time, space, and matter (since He created those).  The Father sends the Son (and the Son sends the Spirit).  So, there is a Divine Order, but not Divine generation.

Even in the Old Testament, God says, "Let Us make man in Our image, in Our likeness."  Genesis 1:26  The Koran affirms that God's word cannot be changed, so both the Old and New Testaments can be trusted.

Jesus is God


John 1:1-14 is fairly explicit.  Here, Jesus is introduced to us with the title "The Word", who was 1) in the beginning, 2) was with God, and who 3) was God.  The Word became a man.  This reveals that it is Jesus who was the Word who became a man and lived among us.
In John 8:58, Jesus identifies Himself by the name with which He introduced Himself to Moses in Exodus 3--the I AM.  The people responded by picking up stones to stone Him, because they knew exactly what He was claiming, and that was not merely that He was 2,000 years old, but that He was God.
Also, the Jews proclaimed that the very reason they wanted Him crucified was that He claimed to be God.  (John 19:7)
In Revelation 1, Jesus also calls Himself "The Alpha and the Omega, the Almighty".


Conclusion

So, again, Jesus is "The Son"--not that He was conceived by a father and mother, but that this is His relationship to the First Person of the Trinity, the Father.  

God eternally exists as a Trinity, just as the physical universe itself, time, space, matter, and we ourselves all exist as trinities, reflecting our Creator.

REFERENCES


  In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was in the beginning with God. 3  All things were
  made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was
  made...  14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have
  seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of
  grace and truth. John 1:1-3, 14 ESV
  
  Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.”  John 8:58 ESV
  
  The Jews answered him, “We have a law, and according to that law he ought to die because he has made himself the Son of God.”  John 19:7
  
  “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.”  Revelation 1:8 ESV*
  
  Then God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of
  the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over
  every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” So God created man in
  his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he
  created them.  Genesis 1:26-27 ESV
  
  Then the Lord God said, “Behold, the man has become like one of us in knowing good and evil. Now, lest he reach out his hand and take also
  of the tree of life and eat, and live forever”  Genesis 3:22 ESV