In Catholicism, do the teachers more truly constitute the "church" than the hearers? While reading Louis Berkhof's Systematic Theology, I found him claiming that Catholicism makes an important distinction between the teaching church (ecclesia docens) and the hearing church (ecclesia audiens):


  [Roman Catholics] make a distinction between the ecclesia docens and the ecclesia audiens, that is, between the "the Church consisting of those who rule, teach, and edify" and "the Church which is taught, governed, and receives the sacraments." In the strictest sense of the word it is not the ecclesia audiens but the ecclesia docens that constitutes the Church.  The latter shares directly in the glorious attributes of the Church, but the former is adorned with them only indirectly. (5.2.A.1; bold added)


Is this a fair characterization of Catholic ecclesiology?  Does official Catholic teaching indicate that the teaching church more truly constitutes the "Church," and more directly shares in its glorious attributes?
Short answer: no, it's not a fair assessment, particularly in light of what the Church itself professes.  

The assertion being made is much like asserting that the Soldiers aren't really the Army, but that the Generals are.  As such, it takes on the character of a false dichotomy and is a flawed premise, since the Church as it exists isn't an either-or proposition.  It is a both proposition.  The two bodies require each other. (I am not sure if symbiosis is the proper term here for the relationship).  


Without the leadership, the Church would not be what it is, due
explicitly to the stated Apostolic Succession as a basis of the Roman Catholic Church.  (See the Creed, among other points of doctrine on that score).  The Magisterium, the teaching body, operates in a continuum over time  going back as far as one needs/desires to go. 
Without the faithful, there is NO church to lead.  "We are the body
of Christ" is more than a metaphor, from the point of view of the
Church.


Part of what makes the Church as an institution subject to such analysis is that its life lasts far beyond the lifespan of a given believer.  That said, the body of believers remains, in aggregate, even as each believer is born, lives, and then dies.  This has been true since the Church was founded. 

The Catechism of the Catholic Church, article 752, supports the points above:  


  752 In Christian usage, the word "church" designates the liturgical
  assembly141 but also the local community142 or
  the whole universal community of believers.143These three
  meanings are inseparable. "The Church" is the People that God
  gathers in the whole world. She exists in local communities and is
  made real as a liturgical, above all a Eucharistic, assembly. She
  draws her life from the word and the Body of Christ and so herself
  becomes Christ's Body.


Footnotes / citations from the Catechism is as follows: 

141 1 Corinthians 11:18; ⇒ 14:19, ⇒ 28, ⇒ 34, ⇒ 35.
142 1 Corinthans 1:2; ⇒ 16:1.
143 1 Corinthians 15:9; ⇒ Galatians 1:13; ⇒ Philippians 3:6.  

A recent document (Sensus Fidei in the life of the Church) likewise minimizes any distinction between these two bodies within the Church: 


  
  The importance of the sensus fidei in the life of the Church was strongly emphasised by the Second Vatican Council. Banishing the
  caricature of an active hierarchy and a passive laity, and in
  particular the notion of a strict separation between the teaching
  Church (Ecclesia docens) and the learning Church (Ecclesia discens), 
  the council taught that all the baptised participate in their own
  proper way in the three offices of Christ as prophet, priest and king.
  In particular, it taught that Christ fulfills his prophetic office not
  only by means of the hierarchy but also via the laity.
  


Thanks are due to @MattGutting for raising the point about Sensus Fidei addressing the matter this question refers to. 

For an analyst "outside the church" to assert what the church "really is" invites error.  To say that "in practice" only part of the church is "really the church" is an error.  The Church only exists with both. 

This statement in particular is at odds with what it means to be In Communion with the rest of the Church: 


  but the former is adorned with them only indirectly. (5.2.A.1; bold added)


The Seven Sacraments are available to all of the Faithful, with the notable exception being that for deacons, priests, and bishops their accepting ordination will limit or preclude the Sacrament of Marriage.   The Sacrament of Ordination is a calling to service and sacrifice at the individual level, for the good of the whole; the other Sacrament of Service, Marriage, is (per the church) a calling to service and sacrifice at the individual level for the good of the whole from the family on out.  At this point, I am straying well into another topic / question.  

Full Disclosure/Caveat: my experience with the Church is post-Vatican II. This answer relies on writings rooted in Vatican II deliberations.  The conflict between what the Church now professes and the broad sweep of historical Christian thought on the point raised in the cited article in the question means that this answer is limited to current teaching.  The article from which the question is derived covers quite a bit of ground.  The terms in question are terms of art used in Catholic documents: ecclesia docens and ecclesia discerns can be found in John Hardon's Modern Catholic Dictionary, or in The Catholic Encyclopedia.  Interestingly, the term without specification, ecclesia, has the following definition: (Per Hardon)  


  ECCLESIA. The unchanged Latin rendering of the Greek ekklesia,
  meaning assembly or community. The Bible uses the term in the
  Septuagint translation of the Hebrew kahal in both a secular and a
  religious sense. In the New Testament the word is used of the whole
  community of the believers in Christ (Matthew 16:18) and of a
  singly community of the faithful (Romans 6:5). The Catechism of
  Trent defines Ecclesia as the Church, which is the faithful of the
  whole world (I, 10,2). (Etymology. Latin ecclesia, universal or an
  individual Church; from Greek ekklesia, assembly of people called
  together.)


It is reasonable to argue that the inherent meaning in both terms remains rooted to the "single community of the faithful" and the modifiers connote roles within the greater body of the faithful aka the universal/catholic church.  At this point I think I hear some angels putting on their ballet slippers ...