How does the Catholic church distinguish between the human soul and spirit? I see questions about the creation of the human soul, and the soul's "infusion" into the body. But the Bible considers a human being to "have" three parts or concepts: spirit, soul, and body. How does the Catholic church regard the relationship between these three concepts?

In the bible we read that God breathed "the breath of life" into Adam, and he "became" a living soul. Elsewhere we read that at death a human's spirit "returns to God, who gave it", and Paul says that the human spirit is "dead" until regeneration takes place.

A good answer will reference official Catholic teaching on the meaning of the bible passages and the nature of (tri-partite?) humans as spirit, body, and soul. If there is no official position on some point, the view of church teachers is requested.

Bible Passages from WEB (World English Bible) -- emphasis and [] mine


  (Gen 2:7 [WEB])
  Yahweh God formed man from the dust of the ground [body], and breathed into his nostrils the breath [spirit?] of life; and man became a living soul.
  
  (Eccl 12:7 [WEB])
  and the dust [body] returns to the earth as it was, and the spirit returns to God who gave it.
  
  (Rom 8:10 [WEB])
  If Christ is in you, the body is dead because of sin, but the spirit is alive because of righteousness. [spirit was dead, but now lives?]
Regarding "spirit", the New Catholic Encyclopedia states:


  For those of the Christian tradition, spirit is always personal and subjective, and all other
  manifestations of spirit can be reduced to their source in
  the person. Within this tradition, the radical and essential
  manifestation of spirit has been variously singled out as:
  creative activity, self-consciousness, interiority or subjectivity, intelligence, reason, knowledge of universals,
  love, freedom, and communication (dialogue). These are
  activities by which the presence of spirit may be known,
  and they furnish a clue to the nature of spirit in itself as
  a form of subsistent being.
  
  Christian thought also recognizes three main kinds
  of spirit: (1) the human soul, incomplete in its mode of
  subsisting and extrinsically dependent on the body; (2)
  pure finite spirit, i.e., the angel, perfectly subsisting and
  independent of matter; and (3) Absolute Spirit, or God,
  infinite, utterly pure, and fully actual being (subsistent
  existence) without any limitation. Man’s primary apprehension of these forms of spirit is gained through self-
  knowledge. The spiritual being most proportionate to his
  way of knowing is his own soul, manifesting its nature
  through activities that are immediately present to his consciousness. His knowledge of other spiritual realities is
  in turn based on such knowledge (cf. St. Thomas Aquinas, C. gent. 3.46).


So, human beings, because have body, and the soul is the form of the body (e.g. here), have souls. The soul is the spirit. 

Angels, it seems, have no soul because have no body. In effect, the encyclopedia states regarding angels:


  The Church has defined as dogma that besides the visible world God also created
  a kingdom of invisible spirits, called angels, and that He
  created them before the creation of the world (Lateran Council IV, 1215, ch. 1, H. Denzinger Enchiridion symbolorum [Freiburg 1963] 800; repeated at Vatican Council I, 1870, ibid. 3002; cf., earlier, the Nicene Creed of 25, ibid. )


Same seems to apply to God. Being immaterial, It has spirit, but no soul. 

PS: unless the dogma that the soul is the form of the body refers to human souls only, it might be possible for angels to have another form of soul. I haven't found a definitive teaching on this.