Access uncapped 5 V output on 3D printer controller board Typically in Arduinos, most of the 5&nbsp;V outputs that have a limited amount of current (40&nbsp;mA). 

Are there any 3D printer boards, or is there even a more usual spot, where you can get a 5&nbsp;V output that isn't capped by the microcontroller?

I know that USB 2.0 is (typically) limited to 500&nbsp;mA especally when connected to a laptop. Just wondering if there was a way to for e.g. get a 200&nbsp;mA output from one of the 5&nbsp;V pins, or more if there is a stronger power supply connected to the USB port.
Any pin that is labeled as "5&nbsp;V" can supply the full amount of current. Looking at, for example, the Arduino MEGA pinout, we can see several pins labeled in red with "5&nbsp;V". These are the pins you can use. Most 3D printer boards will expose the 5&nbsp;V pins at several points. For example, the endstop connectors often have a 5&nbsp;V pin that can be used.

The pins that are limited to 40&nbsp;mA that you are thinking of are the digital pins, i.e. the pins that can be switched on/off by the microcontroller. These are actually more limited than this, and while in some cases drawing 40&nbsp;mA from them may be possible, it is not a good idea.