@article{Fakih2019,
abstract = {This study aims to detect, localize, and assess the severity of barely visible indentation damage in a composite sandwich structure using ultrasonic guided waves. A quasistatic loading was gradually applied on a specimen of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resulting in dents on the surface. Lamb-wave measurements, from a sensor network mounted on the panel's surface, were taken for the intact condition and three damage cases (0.2, 0.5, and 2.7-mm dents). Three approaches were adopted to define the damage indices (DIs) toward anomaly detection, namely, amplitude variation, symbolic dynamics, and root mean square deviation. Data fusion was performed between measurements from multiple excitation frequencies for single and multiple DIs, where the anomaly combination between all the frequencies and the DIs was called a total anomaly. An imaging algorithm was implemented for damage localization in conjunction with single and combined DIs. It was shown that combining the effects of different frequencies and/or different DIs increases the robustness and consistency of the damage detection and localization process. Moreover, a distance-based classification technique was applied using features from single DIs and the combined anomaly measure. Accuracies higher than 91{\%} were attained for the majority of the cases tested.},
author = {<NAME> <NAME> Abdul-Aziz, Ali},
doi = {10.1115/1.4044177},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/42. nde{\_}2{\_}3{\_}031004 (Just to reference for SHM in composite strucutres).pdf:pdf},
issn = {25723898},
journal = {Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems},
keywords = {barely visible indentation damage,composite sandwich structures,damage classification,damage detection,damage localization,fusion of damage indices,guided waves,ultrasonics},
number = {3},
title = {{Robust Localization and Classification of Barely Visible Indentations in Composite Structures by Fusion of Ultrasonic Damage Indices}},
volume = {2},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Hameed2019a,
abstract = {A multi-stage damage detection method based on Lamb waves is proposed for plate-like structures, which is not only for locating the damage position accurately, but also for estimating the damage size precisely. Considering a layout of PZT wafers in a square grid arrangement, the multi-stage damage detection method is based on the same PZT layout to achieve the damage detection in multiple stages with improving accuracy. Firstly, an aluminum plate with a hole is identified numerically by finite element method based on the multi-stage method. After the group velocity of Lamb wave in an aluminum plate is obtained numerically by the time of flight (ToF) and cross-correlation method, the position and size of holed-damage can be assessed by the first stage detection. The second stage is carried through one more data obtained by the same layout of PZT wafers, and the size of hole can be estimated more precisely. The third stage only depends on the need of improving detection results of the second stage. An experimental verification is carried through the multi-stage detection method applied in an aluminum plate with a hole. Therefore, the proposed method based on PZT wafers can conduct a multi-stage damage detection in the same PZT layout, and it can reach to a more accurate assessment quantitatively without requiring more PZT wafers. The method is simple and straightforward, and very cost effective in damage detection of plate-like structures.},
author = {<NAME> <NAME> <NAME> <NAME>},
doi = {10.1063/1.5099775},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/34. Lamb wave based multistage damage (Previously was 1.1.2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735418325},
issn = {15517616},
journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
number = {May},
title = {{Lamb wave based multistage damage detection method}},
volume = {2102},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Kudela2018a,
abstract = {Piezoelectric transducer arrays are utilized in Structural Health Monitoring systems as a means for excitation and sensing of elastic waves. Anomalies of propagating waves have enabled to develop damage detection algorithms. Depending on actuation-sensing strategies these algorithms can be classified as pitch-catch and pulse-echo. Despite many signal processing methods such as delay-sum, time-reversal, probability-based diagnostic imaging, etc. the spatial damage information provided by the actuator-sensor paths to reconstruct the damage image is limited. A novel strategy based on Lamb wave focusing is proposed in order to increase damage imaging resolution. In the proposed method all actuators are used at the same time exciting specially designed waveforms so that inspect one specific point of the structure. Damage map is created by applying appropriate signal processing. It uses dispersion curve of selected Lamb wave mode for dispersion compensation. The dispersion curve is acquired by using laser scanning Doppler vibrometer. The damage indicator is calculated based on the energy of compensated signals registered by sensors. It is shown that apart from high energy level at excitation point, energy is concentrated exactly in the damaged region. An example of crack detection and visualization in an aluminum plate is shown confirming the accuracy of the proposed method. Also the proposed method is compared to well-established delay-and-sum algorithm.},
author = {<NAME> Radzienski, <NAME> Ostachowicz, <NAME> <NAME>},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.02.008},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/33. 1-s2.0-S0888327018300645-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10961216},
journal = {Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing},
keywords = {Damage localization,Lamb waves,PZT,SHM,Sensor array,Wave focusing},
pages = {21--32},
publisher = {The Authors},
title = {{Structural Health Monitoring system based on a concept of Lamb wave focusing by the piezoelectric array}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.02.008},
volume = {108},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Su2004,
abstract = {Delamination in composite structures plays a major role in lowering structural strength and stiffness, consequently downgrading system integrity and reliability. A Lamb wave-based quantitative identification technique for delamination in CF/EP composite structures was established. Propagation of Lamb waves in a series of composite laminates, individually bearing a delamination, was evaluated using dynamic FEM analyses. Taking advantage of wavelet transform and artificial neural algorithms, an Intelligent Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition (ISPPR) package was developed, by which the spectrographic characteristics of simulated Lamb wave signals in the time-frequency domain were extracted and digitised as Digital Damage Fingerprints (DDF), to construct a Damage Parameters Database (DPD). The DPD was then used offline to train a multi-layer feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) under supervision of an error-backpropagation (BP) algorithm. Assisted by an active online structural health monitoring (AO-SHM) system with an active piezoelectric actuator/sensor network, the proposed methodology was validated online by identifying actual delaminations in CF/EP (T650/F584) quasi-isotropic composite laminates. {\textcopyright} 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {<NAME> and <NAME>},
doi = {10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.05.011},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/35. Lamb wave-based quantitative identification of delamination in CFEP composite structures (Previously was 1.22.1).pdf:pdf},
issn = {02638223},
journal = {Composite Structures},
keywords = {Artificial neural network,Composite structures,Damage detection,Delamination,FEM simulation,Lamb wave,Wavelet transform},
number = {1-4},
pages = {627--637},
title = {{Lamb wave-based quantitative identification of delamination in CF/EP composite structures using artificial neural algorithm}},
volume = {66},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Kudela2015,
abstract = {This research is related to a signal processing of full wavefield data as an effective tool for detection, localization and visualization of a crack growth in thin-walled structures. Full wavefield data of propagating Lamb waves in structures such as plates and shells made out of metallic alloys and composite laminates contain a wealth of information about wave pattern anomalies due to occurrence of a damage. The aim is to demonstrate a method for enhancing damage visualization in structures such that estimation of the length and orientation of the crack can be easily obtained. The proposed signal processing involves application of discrete fast Fourier transform, wavenumber domain filtering and inverse discrete Fourier transform. The method is further enhanced by a technique for compensation of the wave attenuation so that the effects of structural damage have the same influence regardless of the location. The concept is first illustrated on numerically simulated data, and then tested on experimental results. In the experiments, full wavefield measurements are obtained using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer, which allows the measurement of displacements and/or velocities along three axes over a user-defined grid. In the proposed method only out-of-plane velocities are used. Tests performed on simple aluminum and composite plates with artificially introduced longitudinal cracks confirm the effectiveness of the method and its potential for application to the inspection of a variety of structural components. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {<NAME>{\l} <NAME>{\'{n}}ski, <NAME>, Wies{\l}aw},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymssp.2014.05.041},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/38. Identificationofcracksinthin-walledstructuresbymeansofwavenumberfiltering (Previously was 1.6.1.2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {10961216},
journal = {Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing},
keywords = {Crack identification,Lamb waves,Laser vibrometry,Wavefield,Wavenumber filtering},
pages = {456--466},
title = {{Identification of cracks in thin-walled structures by means of wavenumber filtering}},
volume = {50-51},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Hameed2019b,
abstract = {The damage detection method for composite laminates introduced in this research uses piezoelectric (lead zirconate titanate, PZT) transducers to excite/sense the Lamb wave signals. The complicated wave signals scattered by damage are accurately processed using a continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) based on the Gabor wavelet. The transducers are arranged on a composite laminate in the form of a network of square detection cells and triangular subcells. The damage location is estimated using the concept of centroid in two-stage detection method. The first stage detection is carried out by exciting a transducer at the center of each detection cell to locate the damaged cell and subcell. The damage localization is improved by exciting an additional transducer at the corner of the damaged subcell during the second stage detection. The damage size is then quantitatively estimated using cubic spline curve (CSC) and elliptical parametric (EP) methods based on the damage edge points. The damage location is estimated in two detection stages for high-accuracy because the damage edge points are calculated with reference to the estimated location of the damage. The arrangement of transducers and signal processing technique remain the same at all the stages of damage detection. Results from previous detection stages contribute to the improvement of damage detection in the subsequent stages. The size of detection cell plays a crucial role in designing the detection stages, and the proposed method can accurately quantify both location and size of the damage in composite laminate.},
author = {<NAME> and <NAME>},
doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2957515},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/36. Transverse Damage Localization and Quantitative Size Estimation for (Previously was 1.2.2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {21693536},
journal = {IEEE Access},
keywords = {Composite laminate,PZT transducer,continuous wavelet transform,damage size quantification,elliptical reconstruction},
number = {December},
pages = {174859--174872},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Transverse Damage Localization and Quantitative Size Estimation for Composite Laminates Based on Lamb Waves}},
volume = {7},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Ricci2016,
abstract = {The integrity of safety-critical structural composites can be enhanced by the use of innovative ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation techniques. Among the various existing techniques, guided wave methods provide a good promise in terms of sensitivity to a variety of damage types or defects and the extent of the area that can be monitored, given the ability of these waves to travel relatively long distances within the structure under investigation. In comparison with isotropic metallic structures, wave propagation in composite structures presents additional complexity for effective damage identification. The material inhomogeneity, anisotropy, and the multilayered construction of composite materials lead to significant dependence of wave modes on laminate layup configurations, direction of propagation, frequency, and interface conditions. In this article, a specific structure will be analyzed with different levels of complexities in an effort to determine the propagation characteristics of the waves. The investigated structure is a stiffened composite plate of finite thickness and infinite lateral dimensions. The work is carried out using theoretical analysis, numerical modeling, and laboratory experiments. Numerical (finite element) simulations are used for more realistic models, where the geometric and material complexities present practical difficulties in direct analysis using theoretical constructs only.},
author = {<NAME> <NAME> <NAME> Boffa, <NAME>. and <NAME>.},
doi = {10.1177/1475921716636335},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/37. StructuralHealthMonitoring-2016-Ricci-1475921716636335.pdf:pdf},
issn = {17413168},
journal = {Structural Health Monitoring},
keywords = {Composite materials,Lamb waves,delaminations,guided waves,nondestructive evaluation,structural health monitoring},
number = {3},
pages = {351--358},
title = {{Guided waves in a stiffened composite laminate with a delamination}},
volume = {15},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Ostachowicz2014,
abstract = {The signals acquired by measurements of elastic wave propagation have been used for damage detection since the 1970s. The measurements have been carried out mostly by using piezoelectric transducers of various types. Many different sensor configurations and data processing have been proposed to detect and localise structural defects, both for real-time and off-line testing. Nevertheless, in the last decade, significant progress in the measurement techniques such as scanning laser Doppler vibrometry and shearographic interferometry has been made. These techniques enable measurement of a full wavefield of elastic waves. This opens up new possibilities and solutions for the problems of the damage detection in structures. Many researchers successfully applied this type of measurements for the damage detection and localisation in thin-walled structures. Moreover, advanced signal processing techniques, such as wavenumber filtering, give the possibility of damage size estimation, by filling the gap between damage detection and damage prognosis. The aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive review of methods used for the full wavefield measurement. It also describes and compares selected signal processing algorithms developed for damage detection and visualisation based on these measuring techniques. Criticism aspects, as well as advantages of each algorithm, are denoted based on the authors' expertise in the field. {\textcopyright} 2014 Wiley Publishing Ltd.},
author = {<NAME> Radzie{\'{n}}<NAME> <NAME>.},
doi = {10.1111/str.12098},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/39. 50th Anniversary Article Comparison Studies of Full Wavefield Signal Processing for Crack Detection (Check at last).pdf:pdf},
issn = {14751305},
journal = {Strain},
keywords = {damage detection,elastic waves,full wavefield,signal processing},
number = {4},
pages = {275--291},
title = {{50th anniversary article: Comparison studies of full wavefield signal processing for crack detection}},
volume = {50},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Yu2019,
abstract = {Ultrasonic guided waves have proven to be an effective and efficient method for damage detection and quantification in various plate-like structures. In honeycomb sandwich structures, wave propagation and interaction with typical defects such as hidden debonding damage are complicated; hence, the detection of defects using guided waves remains a challenging problem. The work presented in this article investigates the interaction of low-frequency guided waves with core–skin debonding damage in aluminum core honeycomb sandwich structures using finite element simulations. Due to debonding damage, the waves propagating in the debonded skin panel change to fundamental antisymmetric Lamb waves with different wavenumber values. Exploiting this mechanism, experimental inspection using a non-contact laser Doppler vibrometer was performed to acquire wavefield data from pristine and debonded structures. The data were then processed and analyzed with two wavefield data–based imaging approaches, the filter reconstruction imaging and the spatial wavenumber imaging. Both approaches can clearly indicate the presence, location, and size of the debonding in the structures, thus proving to be effective methods for debonding detection and quantification for honeycomb sandwich structures.},
author = {<NAME> <NAME> <NAME> <NAME>},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X18758180},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/41. 1045389x18758180.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15308138},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
keywords = {Honeycomb sandwich,debonding detection,guided waves,wavenumber analysis},
number = {9},
pages = {1306--1317},
title = {{Core–skin debonding detection in honeycomb sandwich structures through guided wave wavefield analysis}},
volume = {30},
year = {2019}
}
@book{Rahul2018,
abstract = {The health monitoring of aerostructures assists performance enhancement of existing structures. Continuous monitoring and different techniques involved in the structural monitoring help to increase the efficiency of structures, postpone the failures, and provide the prototype for future aerospace structures with better durability. Structural performance of aerospace composites depends on strength, stiffness, yield capacity, bending capacity, resistance against corrosion, impact and lightning, and fatigue due to cyclic loading. In structural monitoring, the four different stages followed to monitor any damage in aerospace composite structure are operation evaluation, data accession, feature extraction, followed by statistical modeling. This chapter on structural health monitoring for aerostructures elaborates the methods to detect and prevent the failures in the structures, as observed through a series of literature available based on the type of damages and techniques to detect them like cracking, fiber pullout, delamination and shearography, eddy current method, transient thermographic method, etc, respectively. In this chapter structural health monitoring of composite aerostructures is reviewed in detail. Different techniques used to monitor the various failures occurring in the composite structures in aerospace industry are explained in detail. Structures made of composite material used in aerospace fail due to fiber-matrix damage. Hence, it is important to analyze such damage like fiber buckling, fiber splitting, fiber cracking, fiber fracture, and fiber bending, and cracks in the matrix etc. to prevent catastrophic results.},
author = {<NAME> <NAME> <NAME> <NAME> <NAME>.},
booktitle = {Structural Health Monitoring of Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-102291-7.00003-4},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/40. Structural Health Monitoring of Aerospace Composites (Previously was 1.2.1).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081022917},
keywords = {Aerostructures,Cracking,Debonding,Delamination,Structural health monitoring},
number = {August},
pages = {33--52},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Structural health monitoring of aerospace composites}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102291-7.00003-4},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Kessler2002,
abstract = {Cost-effective and reliable damage detection is critical for the utilization of composite materials. This paper presents part of an experimental and analytical survey of candidate methods for in situ damage detection of composite materials. Experimental results are presented for the application of Lamb wave techniques to quasi-isotropic graphite/epoxy test specimens containing representative damage modes, including delamination, transverse ply cracks and through-holes. Linear wave scans were performed on narrow laminated specimens and sandwich beams with various cores by monitoring the transmitted waves with piezoceramic sensors. Optimal actuator and sensor configurations were devised through experimentation, and various types of driving signal were explored. These experiments provided a procedure capable of easily and accurately determining the time of flight of a Lamb wave pulse between an actuator and sensor. Lamb wave techniques provide more information about damage presence and severity than previously tested methods (frequency response techniques), and provide the possibility of determining damage location due to their local response nature. These methods may prove suitable for structural health monitoring applications since they travel long distances and can be applied with conformable piezoelectric actuators and sensors that require little power.},
author = {<NAME>. and <NAME> <NAME>},
doi = {10.1088/0964-1726/11/2/310},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/32. Seth{\_}S{\_}Kessler{\_}2002{\_}Smart{\_}Mater.{\_}Struct.{\_}11{\_}310.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09641726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {2},
pages = {269--278},
title = {{Damage detection in composite materials using Lamb wave methods}},
volume = {11},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Radzienski2019,
abstract = {Composite materials are widely used in the industry, and the interest of this material is growing rapidly, due to its light weight, strength and various other desired mechanical properties. However, composite materials are prone to production defects and other defects originated during exploitation, which may jeopardize the safety of such a structure. Thus, non-destructive evaluation methods that are material-independent and suitable for a wide range of defects identification are needed. In this paper, a technique for damage characterization in composite plates is proposed. In the presented non-destructive testing method, guided waves are excited by a piezoelectric transducer, attached to tested specimens, and measured by a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer in a dense grid of points. By means of signal processing, irregularities in wavefield images caused by any material defects are extracted and used for damage characterization. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated on four different composite panels: Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer, glass fiber-reinforced polymer, composite reinforced by randomly-oriented short glass fibers and aluminum-honeycomb core sandwich composite. Obtained results confirm its versatility and efficacy in damage characterization in various types of composite plates.},
author = {Radzie{\'{n}}ski, <NAME>, <NAME> {<NAME>}, <NAME> Ostachowicz, Wies{\l}aw},
doi = {10.3390/s19091958},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/29. Damage Identification in Various Types of Composite Plates Using Guided Waves (Previously was 1.21).pdf:pdf},
issn = {14248220},
journal = {Sensors (Switzerland)},
keywords = {Damage detection,Full wavefield processing,Guided waves,Laser vibrometry,NDT,SLDV},
number = {9},
title = {{Damage identification in various types of composite plates using guided waves excited by a piezoelectric transducer and measured by a laser vibrometer}},
volume = {19},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Wandowski2011,
abstract = {In this study, Lamb wave propagation phenomena have been used to localise discontinuities in aluminium and composite panels. For that purpose, piezoelectric transducers have been used to excite and register Lamb waves in the panels. Excited waves that propagate and reflect from the panel edges and discontinuities were registered by piezoelectric sensors as voltage changes in time. Three different experiments have been conducted to investigate the wave propagation phenomena. In the first experiment, the attenuation and dispersion of Lamb waves in the aluminium panel has been studied. The second experiment has been oriented to localise an additional mass attached to the same panel. A dedicated signal-processing algorithm has been developed to aid the localisation procedure that allowed to extract relevant features of the discontinuity. The algorithm has been tested on signals from the panel with and without the additional mass. The results obtained have been compared to find the position of the discontinuity. The third experiment concerned a more realistic damage scenario when piezoelectric transducers have been arranged as a clock-like array to find a crack in a composite panel. {\textcopyright} 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
author = {<NAME> <NAME> <NAME> <NAME>.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00708.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/28. j.1475-1305.2009.00708.x.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00392103},
journal = {Strain},
keywords = {Lamb waves,Structural Health Monitoring,damage localisation,piezoelectric transducers,signal processing},
number = {5},
pages = {449--457},
title = {{Lamb waves for damage localisation in panels}},
volume = {47},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Rogge2013,
abstract = {Delaminations in composite laminates resulting from impact events may be accompanied by minimal indication of damage at the surface. As such, inspections are required to ensure defects are within allowable limits. Conventional ultrasonic scanning techniques have been shown to effectively characterize the size and depth of delaminations but require physical contact with the structure and considerable setup time. Alternatively, a non-contact scanning laser vibrometer may be used to measure guided wave propagation in the laminate structure generated by permanently bonded transducers. A local Fourier domain analysis method is presented for processing guided wavefield data to estimate spatially dependent wavenumber values, which can be used to determine delamination depth. The technique is applied to simulated wavefields and results are analyzed to determine limitations of the technique with regards to determining defect size and depth. Based on simulation results, guidelines for application of the technique are developed. Finally, experimental wavefield data is obtained in quasi-isotropic carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates with impact damage. The recorded wavefields are analyzed and wavenumber is measured to an accuracy of up to 8.5{\%} in the region of shallow delaminations. These results show the promise of local wavenumber domain analysis to characterize the depth of delamination damage in composite laminates. The technique can find application in automated vehicle health assurance systems with potential for high detection rates and greatly reduced operator effort and setup time. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Rogge, <NAME>. and Leckey, <NAME>.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ultras.2012.12.015},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/22. 1-s2.0-S0041624X13000607-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0041624X},
journal = {Ultrasonics},
keywords = {Guided waves,Nondestructive evaluation,Structural health monitoring,Ultrasonic wavefield imaging,Windowed Fourier transforms},
number = {7},
pages = {1217--1226},
publisher = {<NAME>.},
title = {{Characterization of impact damage in composite laminates using guided wavefield imaging and local wavenumber domain analysis}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2012.12.015},
volume = {53},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Ogurtsov1960,
abstract = {The solution of problems on the fracture of solids under the action of impulsive dynamic loadings encounters great difficulties. Even before the onset of fracture the process becomes very complicated because different parts of the body are governed by different "stress-strain" relation, and the position of the boundaries between these parts changes with time. When cracks appear, which lead to new time-dependent boundary conditions, one cannot even speak of any kind of rigorous solution of the problem. This paper is concerned with the study of dynamic stresses in a medium obeying Hooke's law. In materials whose elastic limit and ultimate strength are close to one another (under dynamic loading) such studies can identify points from which the formation of cracks in the first stage of fracture will originate. If, however, there exists a noticeable interval between the elastic limit and the ultimate strength, where the material is subjected to some inelastic deformations, then these studies can identify instants of time and parts of the body where dangerous stresses can be expected with the greatest probability. The rigorous solution also becomes useful in the evaluation of some approximate theories found in the literature. It shows, for instance, that the acoustic theory [1,2] is inadequate and the quasi-static theory [3] is limited in its applicability. Dynamic problems of the theory of elasticity in the case of a half-space, a single-layer or a multi-layered medium with plane-parallel separation boundaries were studied in many papers. A major protion of these papers is devoted to the development and also the the qualitative and quantitative study of formulas for the displacement-vector components. The transition to stresses somewhat complicates the solutions. This complication, however, is unimportant in analogous studies. {\textcopyright} 1960.},
author = {<NAME>.},
doi = {10.1016/0021-8928(60)90171-4},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/30. rspa.1917.0008.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00218928},
journal = {Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics},
number = {3},
pages = {640--652},
title = {{Stress waves in an elastic plate}},
volume = {24},
year = {1960}
}
@article{Kudela2018,
abstract = {The aim of this research is an analysis of full wavefield Lamb wave interaction with impact-induced damage at various impact energies in order to find out the limitation of the wavenumber adaptive image filtering method. In other words, the relation between impact energy and damage detectability will be shown. A numerical model based on the time domain spectral element method is used for modeling of Lamb wave propagation and interaction with barely visible impact damage in a carbon-epoxy laminate. Numerical studies are followed by experimental research on the same material with an impact damage induced by various energy and also a Teflon insert simulating delamination. Wavenumber adaptive image filtering and signal processing are used for damage visualization and assessment for both numerical and experimental full wavefield data. It is shown that it is possible to visualize and assess the impact damage location, size and to some extent severity by using the proposed technique.},
author = {<NAME> Radzienski, <NAME> Ostachowicz, Wieslaw},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.09.020},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/23. 1-s2.0-S088832701730496X-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10961216},
journal = {Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing},
keywords = {Delamination,Impact damage,Lamb waves,Laser vibrometry,Wavefield,Wavenumber filtering},
pages = {23--36},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Impact induced damage assessment by means of Lamb wave image processing}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.09.020},
volume = {102},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Sikdar2018,
abstract = {3D-core sandwich composites are novel lightweight construction materials being used heavily in defense, aerospace, marine, and automobile industries. In spite of the many commendable advantages, the 3D-core sandwich composite structures are prone to barely visible low-speed impact damages that may significantly jeopardize the safety and integrity of the structural assembly. The aim of this paper is to develop an advanced structural health monitoring framework to efficiently identify such damages in the sandwich structure using ultrasonic guided wave propagation. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and laboratory experiments of guided wave propagation in 3DCSCS have been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the identification of barely visible impact damages. It is found that the presence of such damage regions significantly magnifies the fundamental antisymmetric mode of the propagating signals. The 3D numerical simulation gives physical insight and a good agreement has been observed with experimental results which affirms our understanding of the effect of damage on the propagating waves. The impact damage regions in the sandwich structure are experimentally identified using a modified signal difference algorithm based health monitoring framework. The proposed structural monitoring framework is found to be significantly efficient for the detection of impact damages in a sandwich structure.},
author = {<NAME> and <NAME>, <NAME>, <NAME>},
doi = {10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.11.067},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/24. 1-s2.0-S0263822317331239-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {02638223},
journal = {Composite Structures},
keywords = {3D-core sandwich composite structure,Barely visible impact damage,Dispersion,Guided wave,Laser-Doppler-Vibrometer,Piezoelectric transducer disc},
number = {September 2017},
pages = {646--655},
title = {{Online detection of barely visible low-speed impact damage in 3D-core sandwich composite structure}},
volume = {185},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Lamb1917,
abstract = {The theory of waves in an infinitely long cylindrical rod was discussed by Pochhammer in 1876 in a well-known paper. The somewhat simpler problem of two-dimensional waves in a solid bounded by parallel planes was considered by Lord Rayleigh and by the present writer‡ in 1889. The main object in these various investigations was to verify, or to ascertain small corrections to, the ordinary theory of the vibrations of thin rods or plates, and the wave-length was accordingly assumed in the end to be great in comparison with the thickness. It occurred to me some time ago that a further examination of the two-dimensional problem was desirable for more than one reason. In the first place, the number of cases in which the various types of vibration of a solid, none of whose dimensions is regarded as small, have been studied is so restricted that any addition to it would have some degree of interest, if merely as a contribution to elastic theory. Again, modern seismology has suggested various questions relating to waves and vibrations in an elastic stratum imagined as resting on matter of a different elasticity and density. These questions naturally present great mathematical difficulties, and it seemed unpromising to attempt any further discussion of them unless the comparatively simple problem which forms the subject of this paper should be found to admit of a practical solution. In itself it has, of course, no bearing on the questions referred to.},
author = {<NAME>, Proc R <NAME>},
doi = {10.1098/rspa.1917.0008},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/30. lamb1917.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0950-1207},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character},
number = {648},
pages = {114--128},
title = {{On waves in an elastic plate}},
volume = {93},
year = {1917}
}
@article{MMaia,
abstract = {Structural health monitoring and damage detection techniques are tools of great importance namely in the offshore, civil, mechanical and aeronautical engineering communities, either due to safety reasons or to the economical benefits it may bring. The need for detecting damage in complex structures has led to the development of a vast amount of techniques, in particular those based upon structural vibration analysis. In the present article, some of the latest advances in Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection have been covered, with an emphasis on composite structures, given the fact that this kind of materials have currently a wide range of engineering applications. FOREWORD It should be noted that this review is not intended to be a general, all-encompassing review about structural health monitoring (SHM); it was planned as the starting point for a study focusing on damage detection, localization and assessment on certain kind of structures. Thus, the line of thought behind the search and the structure of this review is a result of objectives beyond the scope of the paper itself. Nevertheless, it was considered that, once the above was understood, an updated synopsis such as this could also be useful for other researchers in the same field.},
author = {{<NAME>}, <NAME>},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/24. 2006 Montalvao Review SHM Composites Final SVD-05-06 PRE-PRINT.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Shock and Vibration Digest A REVIEW ON VIBRATION-BASED STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
url = {http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/24581/1/2006 Montalvao Review SHM Composites Final SVD-05-06 PRE-PRINT.pdf}
}
@book{Maschinen,
abstract = {This introduction begins with a brief history of SHM technology development. Recent research has begun to recognise that a productive approach to the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) problem is to regard it as one of statistical pattern recognition (SPR); a paradigm addressing the problem in such a way is described in detail herein as it forms the basis for the organisation of this book. In the process of providing the historical overview and summarising the SPR paradigm, the subsequent chapters in this book are cited in an effort to show how they fit into this overview of SHM. In the conclusions are stated a number of technical challenges that the authors believe must be addressed if SHM is to gain wider acceptance.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {B},
author = {<NAME>. and <NAME>},
booktitle = {CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Courses and Lectures},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-7091-0399-9_1},
eprint = {B},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/New Trends in Vibration Based Structural Health Monitoring.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783709103982},
issn = {23093706},
number = {520},
pages = {1--17},
pmid = {17255041},
title = {{An introduction to structural health monitoring}},
volume = {520},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Tian2015,
abstract = {Laminated composites are susceptible to delamination due to their weak transverse tensile and interlaminar shear strengths as compared to their in-plane properties. Delamination damage can occur internally, where it is not visible to the naked eye. Development of reliable, quantitative techniques for detecting delamination damage in laminated composite components will be imperative for safe and functional optimally designed next-generation composite structures. In this article, we study the potential of using Lamb waves for delamination detection and quantification, using model-assisted data acquisition. Novel wavenumber analysis approaches are developed and discussed to show how they can be used to investigate Lamb wave interactions with delaminated plies. Ultrasonic wave simulations are implemented to provide both in-plane and out-of-plane wave motion for the wavenumber studies. The out-of-plane results are verified against data obtained from experimental tests. It is found that the wavenumber methods can not only determine the delaminated region of the plate and its length, but can also identify the plies between which the delamination occurs. We envision that the wavenumber approaches can lead to a complete delamination quantification in the future.},
author = {<NAME> and <NAME> and <NAME>},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X14557506},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/18. tian2014.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15308138},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
keywords = {Lamb waves,delamination quantification,elastodynamic finite integration technique simulat,frequency-wavenumber analysis},
number = {13},
pages = {1723--1738},
title = {{Delamination detection and quantification on laminated composite structures with Lamb waves and wavenumber analysis}},
volume = {26},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Lugovtsova2019,
abstract = {Guided waves (GW) are of great interest for non-destructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) of engineering structures such as for oil and gas pipelines, rails, aircraft components, adhesive bonds and possibly much more. Development of a technique based on GWs requires careful understanding obtained through modelling and analysis of wave propagation and mode-damage interaction due to the dispersion and multimodal character of GWs. The Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) is a suitable numerical approach for this purpose allowing calculation of dispersion curves, mode shapes and GW propagation analysis. In this article, the SBFEM is used to analyse wave propagation in a plate consisting of an isotropic aluminium layer bonded as a hybrid to an anisotropic carbon fibre reinforced plastics layer. This hybrid composite corresponds to one of those considered in a Type III composite pressure vessel used for storing gases, e.g., hydrogen in automotive and aerospace applications. The results show that most of the wave energy can be concentrated in a certain layer depending on the mode used, and by that damage present in this layer can be detected. The results obtained help to understand the wave propagation in multi-layered structures and are important for further development of NDT and SHM for engineering structures consisting of multiple layers.},
author = {<NAME>},
doi = {10.3390/app9214600},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/25. Analysis of Guided Wave Propagation in a Multi-Layered Structure in View of SHM (Previously was 1.8).pdf:pdf},
issn = {20763417},
journal = {Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
keywords = {composite,lamb waves,numerical modelling,pressure vessels,ultrasonic testing},
number = {21},
title = {{Analysis of guided wave propagation in a multi-layered structure in view of structural health monitoring}},
volume = {9},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Wang2020,
abstract = {Joint structures, such as riveting, hinges, and flanges, are widely used in complex mechanical systems. A small unexpected change of a joint can lead to complicated wave-scattering in its connected waveguides. The conversion between wave modes can be used to quantify the variation of the connection status of joints. This gives rise to the challenge of exciting and sensing only one specific wave mode in practice. In this paper, transmitted wave amplitudes of a flange joint are first calculated by the wave finite element method (WFEM) to study the quantitative relationship between the local stiffness changes of the damaged site and the wave-mode conversion. Wave-mode piezoelectric transducers are subsequently designed for torsional, longitudinal, and flexural waves in cylindrical waveguides. The idea is to use the distribution and interconnection of the piezoelectric materials to cancel the charge contributed from the non-targeting waves. We conducted numerical simulations to demonstrate the selective coupling features of the designed wave transducers and found difference of several orders of magnitude in voltages between targeting wave mode and other wave modes. Four selected wave transducers were then extended to monitor the connection status of the flange. The wave-scattering features in the simulation and WFEM were verified to be in good agreement.},
author = {<NAME> <NAME> <NAME> <NAME>},
doi = {10.3390/s20030601},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/26. Piezoelectric Transducers for Structural Health Monitoring of Joint Structures in Cylinders A Wave-Based Design Approach (Previously was 1.24).pdf:pdf},
issn = {14248220},
journal = {Sensors (Switzerland)},
keywords = {Joint structures,Piezoelectric transducer,Structural health monitoring,Wave and finite element method,Wave-mode conversion},
number = {3},
pages = {0--26},
title = {{Piezoelectric transducers for structural health monitoring of joint structures in cylinders: A wave-based design approach}},
volume = {20},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Munian2018,
abstract = {Elastic guided wave based evaluation is useful to detect delamination in composites. This paper reports a detailed account of guided wave interaction with delamination in laminated composites modeled using time domain spectral finite element (TSFE) method. Wave scattering due to different delamination positions is studied. Wave field near the delamination in different layer-wise positions is investigated, which is useful to further characterize and correlate the far field wave packet carrying the parametric signature of delamination. Off-axis delamination in composite laminate creates an asymmetry in the elastodynamic stress transfer. It leads to wave mode conversions. Sensitivity of the delamination to the wavelengths is studied. The outcome of this study indicates potential possibilities to use frequency-wavelength information to discriminate various sizes of delamination. Energy of the scattered waves and dissipation/conversion of the wave energy due to the defects depend on the resonance characteristics of the sub-laminates. Wave scattering effect due to length-wise multiple delaminations and edge delamination is also analyzed. The resonance patterns in the signals are analyzed with reference to the defect quantification problem.},
author = {<NAME> and <NAME> and <NAME>.},
doi = {10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.08.072},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/<NAME>/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/27. Lamb wave interaction with composite delamination (Previously was 1.6).pdf:pdf},
issn = {02638223},
journal = {Composite Structures},
keywords = {Composite,Damage detection,Delamination,Lamb waves,Time domain spectral finite element method,Ultrasonic},
number = {April},
pages = {484--498},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Lamb wave interaction with composite delamination}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.08.072},
volume = {206},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Sikdar2019,
abstract = {Bonded composite structures are a special type of sandwich-like structures in which multiple carbon-fibre laminates are bonded with adhesives, and debonding can appear at the bond layer due to variable loading and uncertain operating conditions. This study aims to investigate the debonding effects on Lamb wave propagation in a bonded composite structure under variable ambient temperature conditions. In the process, a combined theoretical analysis, time-domain spectral element simulation and experimental analysis of elastic wave propagation in a carbon-fibre reinforced adhesively-bonded composite structure have been carried out. It is shown that theoretical analysis and spectral formulation are effectively able to capture the behaviour of Lamb modes in the healthy structure due to variations in ambient temperature. It is found that the primary anti-symmetric Lamb wave mode amplitude and velocity decrease with an increase in ambient temperature. Furthermore, the spectral formulation accurately captures the effects of debonding on the Lamb wave signals under variable temperature conditions that are consistent with the experimental results. Finally, temperature correction factors are proposed for the primary anti-symmetric mode velocity and amplitude difference calculations and the effectiveness of the factors is successfully verified for selected study cases.},
author = {<NAME> <NAME> <NAME> Banerjee, <NAME> Ostachowicz, Wies{\l}aw},
doi = {10.1088/1361-665X/aaefaa},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/20. Sikdar{\_}2019{\_}Smart{\_}Mater.{\_}Struct.{\_}28{\_}015021.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1361665X},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
keywords = {Lamb waves,bonded composite structure,debonding,dispersion,epoxy adhesive,piezoelectric disc transducers},
number = {1},
title = {{Effects of debonding on Lamb wave propagation in a bonded composite structure under variable temperature conditions}},
volume = {28},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Girolamo2018,
abstract = {A fully non-contact laser-based nondestructive inspection (NDI) system is developed to detect and visualize damage in structures. The study focuses on the size quantification and characterization of a barely visible impact damage (BVID) in a honeycomb composite panel. The hardware consists of a Q-switched Nd:YAG pulse laser that probes the panel by generating broadband guided waves via thermo-elastic expansion. The laser, in combination with a set of galvano-mirrors is used to raster scan over a two-dimensional surface covering the damaged region of an impacted quasi-isotropic [60/0/−60]s honeycomb composite panel. The out-of-plane velocities are measured at a fixed location normal to the surface by a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). An ultrasonic full wavefield assembled from the three-dimensional space-time data matrix in the interrogated area is first acquired and then processed for imaging the impacted damage area. A wavenumber filtering technique in terms of wave vectors is applied to distinguish the forward and backward wavefields in the wavenumber-frequency domain. A zero-lag cross correlation (ZLCC) imaging condition is then employed in the space-frequency domain for damage imaging. The ZLCC imaging condition consists of cross correlating the incident and reflected wavefields in the entire scanned region. The condition not only images the damage boundary between incident and reflected waves outside the damage region but also, for longer time windows, enables to capture the momentary standing waves formed within the damaged region. The ZLCC imaging condition imaged two delaminated region: a main delamination, which was a skewed elliptic with major and minor axis lengths roughly 17 mm and 10 mm respectively, and a secondary delamination region approximately 6 mm by 4 mm, however, which can only be shown at higher frequency range around 80–95 kHz. To conclude, the ZLCC results were in very good agreement with ultrasonic C-scan and X-ray computed tomographic (X-ray CT) scan results. Since the imaging condition is performed in the space-frequency domain, the imaging from ZLCC can also reveal resonance modes which are shown in the main delaminated area by windowing a narrow frequency band sequentially.},
author = {<NAME> and <NAME>},
doi = {10.1016/j.ultras.2018.02.014},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/21. 1-s2.0-S0041624X17309484-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0041624X},
journal = {Ultrasonics},
keywords = {Barely visible impact damage,Damage visualization,Honeycomb composite panel,Laser ultrasonics,Non-destructive inspection,Zero-lag cross correlation imaging condition},
pages = {152--165},
title = {{Impact damage visualization in a honeycomb composite panel through laser inspection using zero-lag cross-correlation imaging condition}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2018.02.014},
volume = {87},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Park2014,
abstract = {This study proposes a complete noncontact laser ultrasonic wavefield imaging technique to automatically detect and visualize hidden delamination and debonding in composite structures. First, ultrasonic wavefield is obtained from a target structure by scanning a Nd:YAG pulse laser beam for ultrasonic wave generation and measuring the corresponding ultrasonic responses using a laser Doppler vibrometer. Then, hidden damages are identified and visualized through adoption of a standing wave filter, which can isolate damage-induced standing waves from the obtained wavefield. The proposed technique has following advantages over the existing techniques: (1) it does not require any sensor installation; (2) it is noninvasive, rapidly deployable and applicable to harsh environments; and (3) it can visualize damage with high spatial resolution without any baseline data, which enables automated and intuitive damage diagnosis. The feasibility of the proposed technique is demonstrated by visualizing a debonding in a carbon fiber reinforced plastic aircraft wing and a delamination in a glass fiber reinforced plastic wind turbine blade. Furthermore, the effects of temperature and static loading variations on the proposed technique are also examined. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},
author = {<NAME> and <NAME> and <NAME>},
doi = {10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.05.029},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/19. 1-s2.0-S0266353814001845-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {02663538},
journal = {Composites Science and Technology},
keywords = {B. Debonding,B. Delamination,D. Non-destructive testing,D. Ultrasonics,Laser ultrasonic imaging},
pages = {10--18},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Visualization of hidden delamination and debonding in composites through noncontact laser ultrasonic scanning}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.05.029},
volume = {100},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Mei2019,
abstract = {In this paper, some recent piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) progress achieved in our laboratory for active materials and smart structures (LAMSS) at the University of South Carolina: http: //www.me.sc.edu/research/lamss/ group is presented. First, the characterization of the PWAS materials shows that no significant change in the microstructure after exposure to high temperature and nuclear radiation, and the PWAS transducer can be used in harsh environments for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Next, PWAS active sensing of various damage types in aluminum and composite structures are explored. PWAS transducers can successfully detect the simulated crack and corrosion damage in aluminum plates through the wavefield analysis, and the simulated delamination damage in composite plates through the damage imaging method. Finally, the novel use of PWAS transducers as acoustic emission (AE) sensors for in situ AE detection during fatigue crack growth is presented. The time of arrival of AE signals at multiple PWAS transducers confirms that the AE signals are originating from the crack, and that the amplitude decay due to geometric spreading is observed.},
author = {<NAME>, <NAME> and <NAME> and <NAME> and Giurgiutiu, Victor},
doi = {10.3390/s19020383},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/17. sensors-19-00383.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14248220},
journal = {Sensors (Switzerland)},
keywords = {Acoustic emission,Active sensing,Damage detection,Passive sensing,Piezoelectric wafer active sensors,Structural health monitoring},
number = {2},
title = {{Recent advances in piezoelectric wafer active sensors for structural health monitoring applications}},
volume = {19},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Hameed2019,
abstract = {A multistage damage detection method is introduced in this work that uses piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers to excite/sense the Lamb wave signals. A continuous wavelet transformation (CWT), based on the Gabor wavelet, is applied to accurately process the complicated wave signals caused by the damage. For a network of transducers, the damage can be detected in one detection cell based on the signals scattered by the damage, and then it can be quantitatively estimated by three detection stages using the outer tangent circle and least-squares methods. First, a single-stage damage detection method is carried out by exciting a transducer at the center of the detection cell to locate the damaged subcell. Then, the corner transducers are excited in the second and third stages of detection to improve the damage detection, especially the size estimation. The method does not require any baseline signal, and it only utilizes the same arrangement of transducers and the same data processing technique in all stages. The results from previous detection stages contribute to the improvement of damage detection in the subsequent stages. Both numerical simulation and experimental evaluation were used to verify that the method can accurately quantify the damage location and size. It was also found that the size of the detection cell plays a vital role in the accuracy of the results in this Lamb-wave-based multistage damage detection method.},
author = {<NAME> and <NAME> and <NAME> and <NAME>},
doi = {10.3390/s19092010},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/15.  Lamb-Wave-Based Multistage Damage Detection Method Using an Active PZT Sensor Network for Large Structures.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14248220},
journal = {Sensors (Switzerland)},
keywords = {Elliptical reconstruction,Gabor wavelet transform,Lamb wave,Multistage damage quantification,PZT transducer},
number = {9},
title = {{Lamb-wave-based multistage damage detection method using an active PZT sensor network for large structures}},
volume = {19},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Guemes2020a,
abstract = {Condition-based maintenance refers to the installation of permanent sensors on a structure/system. By means of early fault detection, severe damage can be avoided, allowing efficient timing of maintenance works and avoiding unnecessary inspections at the same time. These are the goals for structural health monitoring (SHM). The changes caused by incipient damage on raw data collected by sensors are quite small, and are usually contaminated by noise and varying environmental factors, so the algorithms used to extract information from sensor data need to focus on sensitive damage features. The developments of SHM techniques over the last 20 years have been more related to algorithm improvements than to sensor progress, which essentially have been maintained without major conceptual changes (with regards to accelerometers, piezoelectric wafers, and fiber optic sensors). The main different SHM systems (vibration methods, strain-based fiber optics methods, guided waves, acoustic emission, and nanoparticle-doped resins) are reviewed, and the main issues to be solved are identified. Reliability is the key question, and can only be demonstrated through a probability of detection (POD) analysis. Attention has only been paid to this issue over the last ten years, but now it is a growing trend. Simulation of the SHM system is needed in order to reduce the number of experiments.},
author = {G{\"{<NAME>, <NAME>, <NAME> Sierra-P{\'{<NAME>{\'{a}}n},
doi = {10.3390/jcs4010013},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/11. Structural Health Monitoring for Advanced Composite Structures A Review.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2504-477X},
journal = {Journal of Composites Science},
keywords = {condition-based maintenance,damage detection,pod,probability of detection},
number = {1},
pages = {13},
title = {{Structural Health Monitoring for Advanced Composite Structures: A Review}},
volume = {4},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Scuro2018,
abstract = {Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) concerns the continuous monitoring of civil and industrial buildings to increase human safety and to reduce maintenance costs. The SHM system furnishes information about the alterations in a single part or in the whole structure caused by materials aging, action of the environment, or accidental events. Typically, SHM systems are devoted to monitoring: humidity, temperature, accelerations, tensile stress, compressive stress, and building materials degradation. The methods used are non-invasive and require the deployment of sensors in checkpoints well defined by the experts. The information from the sensors is merged with the mathematical models to determine the structure safety.},
author = {Scuro, <NAME> Sciammarella, <NAME> Lamonaca, <NAME> Olivito, <NAME>, <NAME>},
doi = {10.1109/MIM.2018.8573586},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/literature review/Already Cited/9. IoT for Structural Health Monitoring.pdf:pdf},
issn = {19410123},
journal = {IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine},
number = {6},
title = {{IoT for structural health monitoring}},
volume = {21},
year = {2018}
}
@misc{TibaduizaBurgos2020,
abstract = {The damage identification process provides relevant information about the current state of a structure under inspection, and it can be approached from two different points of view. The first approach uses data-driven algorithms, which are usually associated with the collection of data using sensors. Data are subsequently processed and analyzed. The second approach uses models to analyze information about the structure. In the latter case, the overall performance of the approach is associated with the accuracy of the model and the information that is used to define it. Although both approaches are widely used, data-driven algorithms are preferred in most cases because they afford the ability to analyze data acquired from sensors and to provide a real-time solution for decision making; however, these approaches involve high-performance processors due to the high computational cost. As a contribution to the researchers working with data-driven algorithms and applications, this work presents a brief review of data-driven algorithms for damage identification in structural health-monitoring applications. This review covers damage detection, localization, classification, extension, and prognosis, as well as the development of smart structures. The literature is systematically reviewed according to the natural steps of a structural health-monitoring system. This review also includes information on the types of sensors used as well as on the development of data-driven algorithms for damage identification.},
author = {{<NAME>}, <NAME>. and {<NAME>}, <NAME>. and Pedraza, Cesar and Agis, <NAME>, Francesc},
booktitle = {Sensors (Switzerland)},
doi = {10.3390/s20030733},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tibaduiza Burgos et al. - 2020 - Damage identification in structural health monitoring A brief review from its implementation to the use.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14248220},
keywords = {Damage identification,Data-driven algorithms,Sensors,Structural health monitoring},
month = {feb},
number = {3},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
title = {{Damage identification in structural health monitoring: A brief review from its implementation to the use of data-driven applications}},
volume = {20},
year = {2020}
}
@book{Farrar2012,
abstract = {Understanding the rheological properties of fresh concrete, the hydration phenomenon of cement responsible for structuration, the relationship between the characteristics of the porous solid obtained and its mechanical performances or resistance to the aggressive penetration requires a complex knowledge of the physicochemistry of reactive porous materials. The development of simple formulation rules therefore requires the assimilation of this knowledge and a good command of the properties of these materials. The purpose of this book is to provide the mix designer with useful knowledge on granular materials and porous materials, which will enable the innovative design of concrete. Topics covered include the characterization of granular materials, the concepts of porosity and specific surface area, and the transport properties (diffusion and permeation) of concrete. Some of these topics are already covered in other general books dedicated to granular or porous materials. The objective here is to bring them together in one book by adapting them for use by concrete specialists. Applications in the form of exercises are offered at the end of each chapter to enable readers to assimilate the theoretical knowledge and to apply such knowledge to concrete problems encountered in civil engineering. {\textcopyright}2013 <NAME> {\&} Sons, Ltd.},
author = {Farrar, <NAME> and <NAME>},
booktitle = {Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective},
doi = {10.1002/9781118443118},
isbn = {9781119994336},
title = {{Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective}},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Lamonaca2018,
abstract = {Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm extends the connectivity capability to everyday life object through Internet The availability of billions of connected devices spread all over and each of them able to acquire and elaborate data open new scenarios in the development of new data acquisition systems and in the design of methods for the automatic management of such big data, allowing new digital services. In the last few years a new field of application of the IoT is the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and the systems developed in this framework have been experimented with good results. Such systems are mainly devoted to monitoring, for example, multiple parts of a civil/industrial structure, reducing the risks for people due to sudden collapse, The aim of this work is to give an overview of the different types of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) used to identify, detect and characterize the degradation and damage of all types of engineering structures, highlighting their benefits, and their improvement obtained thanks the application of IoT paradigm.},
author = {<NAME> and <NAME>, <NAME> and Olivito, <NAME>},
doi = {10.1109/METROI4.2018.8439038},
isbn = {9781538624975},
journal = {2018 Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoT, MetroInd 4.0 and IoT 2018 - Proceedings},
keywords = {Internet of things (IoT),Structural Health Monitoring (SHM),civil engeneering},
number = {September},
pages = {95--100},
title = {{Internet of Things for Structural Health Monitoring}},
year = {2018}
}
@book{,
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Unknown - Unknown - Advanced Structural Damage Detection Advanced Structural Damage Detection From Theory To Engineering.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781118422984},
title = {{Advanced Structural Damage Detection Advanced Structural Damage Detection : From Theory To Engineering}}
}
@book{stepinski2013advanced,
author = {<NAME> and <NAME>},
publisher = {John Wiley {\&} Sons},
title = {{Advanced structural damage detection: from theory to engineering applications}},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Chang2000,
abstract = {A structural damage detection method based on parameter identification using an iterative neural network (NN) technique is proposed in this study. The NN model is first trained off-line using an initial training data set that consists of assumed structural parameters as outputs and their corresponding dynamic characteristics as inputs. The structural parameters are assumed with different levels of reduction to simulate various degrees of structural damage. The concept of orthogonal array is adopted to generate the representative combinations of parameter changes, which can significantly reduce the number of training data while maintaining the data completeness. A modified back-propagation learning algorithm is proposed which can overcome possible saturation of the sigmoid function and speed up the training process. The trained NN model is used to predict the structural parameters by feeding in measured dynamic characteristics. The predicted structural parameters are then used in the FE model to calculate the dynamic characteristics. The NN model would go through a retraining process if the calculated characteristics deviate from the measured ones. The identified structural parameters are then used to infer the location and the extent of structural damages. The proposed method is verified both numerically and experimentally using a clamped-clamped T beam. The results indicate that the current approach can identify both the location and the extent of damages in the beam.},
author = {<NAME>. and <NAME>. and <NAME> <NAME>.},
doi = {10.1106/XU88-UW1T-A6AM-X7EA},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/literature review/Already Cited/1. wang2000.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1045389X},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
number = {1},
pages = {32--42},
title = {{Structural damage detection using an iterative neural network}},
volume = {11},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Farrar2007,
abstract = {The process of implementing a damage identification strategy for aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering infrastructure is referred to as structural health monitoring (SHM). Here, damage is defined as changes to the material and/or geometric properties of these systems, including changes to the boundary conditions and system connectivity, which adversely affect the system's performance. A wide variety of highly effective local non-destructive evaluation tools are available for such monitoring. However, the majority of SHM research conducted over the last 30 years has attempted to identify damage in structures on a more global basis. The past 10 years have seen a rapid increase in the amount of research related to SHM as quantified by the significant escalation in papers published on this subject. The increased interest in SHM and its associated potential for significant life-safety and economic benefits has motivated the need for this theme issue. This introduction begins with a brief history of SHM technology development. Recent research has begun to recognize that the SHM problem is fundamentally one of the statistical pattern recognition (SPR) and a paradigm to address such a problem is described in detail herein as it forms the basis for organization of this theme issue. In the process of providing the historical overview and summarizing the SPR paradigm, the subsequent articles in this theme issue are cited in an effort to show how they fit into this overview of SHM. In conclusion, technical challenges that must be addressed if SHM is to gain wider application are discussed in a general manner. {\textcopyright} 2006 The Royal Society.},
author = {<NAME>. and <NAME>},
doi = {10.1098/rsta.2006.1928},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/literature review/Already Cited/4. An introduction to Structural Health Monithoring.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1364503X},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
keywords = {Condition monitoring,Non-destructive testing/evalution,Structural health monitoring},
number = {1851},
pages = {303--315},
pmid = {17255041},
title = {{An introduction to structural health monitoring}},
volume = {365},
year = {2007}
}
@article{lee2008overview,
author = {<NAME> <NAME> <NAME>ung-Bang and <NAME> and <NAME>},
journal = {Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea},
number = {6},
pages = {615--632},
publisher = {The Computational Structural Engineering Institute},
title = {{An Overview of Information Processing Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges}},
volume = {21},
year = {2008}
}
@article{DeLuca2020,
abstract = {The paper deals with the development of a Finite Element (FE) model aimed to simulate the propagation mechanisms of guided waves in a complex composite structure, such as a blended Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymers (GFRP) winglet, for real-time damage detection and monitoring purposes. The reliability of the herein presented FE model has been assessed against an experimental tests campaign, involving the winglet under both reference/pristine configuration and impacted/damaged configuration, also changing the actuator location. Because of the good level of accuracy shown by the numerical-experimental comparisons, the FE model has been used also for numerically investigating new actuators and damage position configurations, not experimentally analysed. Damage Indexes (DI's) have been calculated to quantify the variations of the signals' amplitude caused by the induced damage. Moreover, the Probability Ellipse (PE) method, which estimates the probability of the presence of the damage in the monitored area starting from the knowledge of selected DI's for each sensors-path, has been used in both older and newer damage position. The accuracy of the PE method in detecting the damage location is herein discussed.},
author = {{<NAME>}, A and Perfetto, D and {<NAME>}, A and Petrone, G and Caputo, F},
doi = {10.1016/j.tafmec.2019.102408},
issn = {01678442},
journal = {Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics},
keywords = {Composite,Damage index,Damage modelling,FE analysis,Guided waves,Probability Ellipse method,SHM},
number = {November 2019},
pages = {102408},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Guided wave SHM system for damage detection in complex composite structure}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2019.102408},
volume = {105},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yang2019,
abstract = {Lamb waves provide sensitive and effective approach for nondestructive inspection of large-scale composite structures. Traditionally in Lamb wave-based damage detection systems, the piezoelectric (PZT) wafer transducers are attached on the surface of composite components. However, surface-bonded PZT wafers are fragile, and they may lose serviceability when external load happens. In this paper, numerical and theoretical investigations are firstly carried out to analyze the Lamb wave features generated by PZT wafers that are located in the mid-thickness of a thin-walled plate. Subsequently, the authors integrate the PZT wafer arrays in woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy (WGF/epoxy) laminates with stacking sequence of [90°/0°] 4 . It is found that the approximate single S0 Lamb wave mode is generated by the built-in PZT wafers. This makes the received signals very simple and easy to be interpreted. Utilizing the signals obtained by the built-in and surface-bonded PZT wafer transmitter-receiver arrays, damage localization algorithms that considered the slowness profiles are compiled to help locating the defects. The compared results demonstrate that the built-in PZT strategy has great potential for quantitative non-destructive evaluation of composite structures.},
author = {<NAME>, <NAME> and <NAME> and <NAME> and <NAME> and <NAME> and <NAME> and <NAME>},
doi = {10.1002/adem.201801040},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/43. adem.201801040.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15272648},
journal = {Advanced Engineering Materials},
keywords = {FRP structures,built-in PZT arrays,damage localization,single S0 Lamb wave mode,smart materials},
number = {3},
pages = {1--12},
title = {{Damage Localization in Composite Laminates by Building in PZT Wafer Transducers: A Comparative Study with Surface-Bonded PZT Strategy}},
volume = {21},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Li2012,
abstract = {Composite materials which are widely used in the aerospace industry, are usually subjected to frequent variation of temperature. Thermal cyclic loading may induce material degradation. Considering the long-term service of aircraft composites and the importance of safety in the aircraft industry, even a little damage that may be accumulative via thermal fatigue is often of great concern. Therefore, there is a demand to develop non-destructive approaches to evaluate thermal fatigue damage in an early stage. Due to the sensitivity of acoustic nonlinearity to micro-damage, the nonlinear ultrasonic technique has been explored as a promising tool for early detection of micro-damage. This paper investigates an experimental scheme for characterizing thermal fatigue damage in composite laminates using second harmonic Lamb waves. The present results show a monotonic increase of acoustic nonlinearity with respect to thermal fatigue cycles. The experimental observation of the correlation between the acoustic nonlinearity and thermal fatigue cycles in carbon/epoxy laminates verifies that nonlinear Lamb waves can be used to assess thermal fatigue damage rendering improved sensitivity over conventional linear feature based non-destructive evaluation techniques. Velocity and attenuation based ultrasonic studies are carried out for comparison with the nonlinear ultrasonic approach and it is found that nonlinear acoustic parameters are more promising indicators of thermal fatigue damage than linear ones. {\textcopyright} 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author = {<NAME> <NAME> <NAME>.},
doi = {10.1088/0964-1726/21/8/085019},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/44. Li{\_}2012{\_}Smart{\_}Mater.{\_}Struct.{\_}21{\_}085019.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09641726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {8},
title = {{Detection of thermal fatigue in composites by second harmonic Lamb waves}},
volume = {21},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Zak2012,
abstract = {This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of certain structural health monitoring (SHM) strategies based on propagation of guided elastic waves within thin-walled shell structures. This is realized based on results of numerical and experimental investigations obtained by the use of the spectral finite element method (SFEM) together with laser scanning vibrometry (LSV) and subsequent application of two different integral-based indices for damage quantification, these being the integral mean value (IMV) and the root mean square (RMS). Numerical tests by SFEM were carried out for a square plate with through-hole damage, a cracked fuselage section with two stiffeners and a cracked wing section skin, all made out of aluminium. Experimental measurements by LSV included tests on a square aluminium plate, composite plate and a composite stabilizer of a PZL W-3A helicopter, all with simulated damage. During numerical and experimental investigations damage sensitivity of both IMV and RMS indices was tested by considering various displacement components, signal timescales or weighting factors. A certain practical method for quick construction of RMS damage maps based on experimental measurements by LSV was also presented. {\textcopyright} 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author = {<NAME> Radzie{\'{n}}<NAME> <NAME> <NAME>.},
doi = {10.1088/0964-1726/21/3/035024},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/45. {\.{Z}}ak{\_}2012{\_}Smart{\_}Mater.{\_}Struct.{\_}21{\_}035024.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09641726},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
number = {3},
title = {{Damage detection strategies based on propagation of guided elastic waves}},
volume = {21},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Toyama2004,
abstract = {This paper proposes a new inspection technique using Lamb waves to detect impact-induced delamination in composite laminates. The technique, which consists of two line scans, is as follows. The first scan measures the arrival times of the transmitted S0 mode along the 0° direction to detect delamination and evaluate its size. The second scan measures the maximum amplitude of the earliest wave packet in a line, including the longest delamination, to locate its edge. We performed this technique on impacted CFRP cross-ply laminates. A remarkable decrease in the arrival times due to the delamination is detected, and the delamination length can be calculated based on a simple model for Lamb-wave propagation. Furthermore, the delamination edge is located as a sudden decrease in the amplitude. The technique enables detecting the delamination and evaluating its size and location using only the two scans. We demonstrated the validity and usefulness of this technique. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {<NAME>. and <NAME>.},
doi = {10.1016/j.compscitech.2003.10.011},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/46. 1-s2.0-S0266353803003968-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {02663538},
journal = {Composites Science and Technology},
keywords = {A. Polymer matrix composites (PMCs),B. Impact behavior,C. Delamination,D. Non-destructive testing,D. Ultrasonics},
number = {9},
pages = {1293--1300},
title = {{Lamb wave method for quick inspection of impact-induced delamination in composite laminates}},
volume = {64},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Rauter2015,
abstract = {To detect micro-structural damages like fiber/matrix cracks and delaminations in composite materials accurately new methods are developed. Previous works have investigated and shown that the acoustical nonlinearity parameter is a good tool to detect micro-structural damages like plasticity in metal and fatigue damages in metal and composites. In this work, the second harmonic generation is used to analyze composite specimens for impact damages. Therefore, Lamb waves are launched and detected by a piezoelectric actuator and sensor, respectively, at a certain frequency to generate cumulative second harmonic modes. The excitation frequency has to meet special conditions. The signal processing is done by using the wavelet transform to avoid misinterpretations that may occur using the short-time Fourier transform. The Morlet wavelet is used as the mother wavelet. The results of the relative acoustical nonlinearity parameter are compared to the development of the group velocity due to impact damages. It is shown that the relative acoustical nonlinearity parameter is more sensitive to impact damages than the development of the group velocity. {\textcopyright} 2015},
author = {<NAME> and <NAME>},
doi = {10.1080/15376494.2014.907950},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/47. rauter2014.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15376532},
journal = {Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures},
keywords = {Composites,Higher harmonics,Impact damages,Lamb waves},
number = {1-2},
pages = {44--51},
title = {{Impact damage detection in composite structures considering nonlinear lamb wave propagation}},
volume = {22},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Fiborek2018,
abstract = {The research focuses on the electromechanical impedance method. The electromechanical impedance method can be treated as non-destructive testing or structural health monitoring approach. It is important to have a reliable tool that allows verifying the integrity of the investigated objects. The electromechanical impedance method was applied here to assess the carbon fibre–reinforced polymer samples. The single and adhesively bonded samples were investigated. In the reported research, the electromechanical impedance spectra up to 5 MHz were considered. The investigation comprised of modelling using spectral element method and experimental measurements. Numerical and experimental spectra were analysed. Differences in spectra caused by differences in considered samples were observed.},
author = {<NAME> Malinowski, <NAME> Kudela, <NAME>, <NAME> Ostachowicz, <NAME>.},
doi = {10.1177/1045389X18758193},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/16. fiborek2018.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15308138},
journal = {Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures},
keywords = {Electromechanical impedance,carbon fibre–reinforced polymer,time–domain spectral element method},
number = {16},
pages = {3214--3221},
title = {{Time-domain spectral element method for modelling of the electromechanical impedance of disbonded composites}},
volume = {29},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Askaripour2019,
abstract = {Scrutinizing delaminated composites is extensively conducted based on measurements of various types of nondestructive sensing apparatus, classified herein as systems of thermographic inspection, piezoelectric inspection, optical interferometric inspection, electromagnetic testing, ultrasonic testing, and visual testing. The development of the subject has been reviewed during 2000–2017. Not only does the substantial corresponding literature strongly indicates numerous increasing industrial demand for composites, including carbon fiber-reinforced polymer, glass fiber-reinforced polymer, and fiber-reinforced metal laminate, but also the significant potential of composites to delaminate when subjected particularly to impact, machining operation or manufacturing imperfections. Conducting a study on the corresponding literature, the subject of delamination inspection within composites is found to be a dynamic, mature field, while lacking a thorough literature review. Therefore, the present study addresses the mentioned gap regarding various sensation systems utilized so as to detect internal anomalies in composites for the review arrangement. To that end, the literature inclusion in terms of citation times is electronically adopted associated with an appropriate combination of keywords. The study may be considered as a comprehensive, up-to-date review covering all delamination inspection techniques founded on sensation systems, thus benefiting the readers with information in an organized configuration.},
author = {<NAME> <NAME>},
doi = {10.3390/jcs3040095},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/13. A Survey of Scrutinizing Delaminated Composites.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2504-477X},
journal = {Journal of Composites Science},
keywords = {composite laminates,delamination,electromagnetic,interferometry,piezoelectric,thermography,ultrasonic,visual},
number = {4},
pages = {95},
title = {{A Survey of Scrutinizing Delaminated Composites via Various Categories of Sensing Apparatus}},
volume = {3},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Mitra2016,
abstract = {The paper provides a state of the art review of guided wave based structural health monitoring (SHM). First, the fundamental concepts of guided wave propagation and its implementation for SHM is explained. Following sections present the different modeling schemes adopted, developments in the area of transducers for generation, and sensing of wave, signal processing and imaging technique, statistical and machine learning schemes for feature extraction. Next, a section is presented on the recent advancements in nonlinear guided wave for SHM. This is followed by section on Rayleigh and SH waves. Next is a section on real-life implementation of guided wave for industrial problems. The paper, though briefly talks about the early development for completeness, is primarily focussed on the recent progress made in the last decade. The paper ends by discussing and highlighting the future directions and open areas of research in guided wave based SHM.},
author = {<NAME> <NAME>.},
doi = {10.1088/0964-1726/25/5/053001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/14. Guided wave based structural health monitoring A Review.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1361665X},
journal = {Smart Materials and Structures},
keywords = {damage detection,guided wave,structural health monitoring},
number = {5},
pages = {0},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
title = {{Guided wave based structural health monitoring: A review}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/5/053001},
volume = {25},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Crane2017,
abstract = {Monitoring a structure to track both the material and component degradation has long been a goal of the aircraft maintenance community. Research with this goal has concentrated on investigating new and novel instrumentation and analysis capabilities to make structural health monitoring (SHM) a reality in order to reduce unnecessary inspections and unscheduled maintenance actions. While research efforts have shown promise for metal components, those involving composite materials have not achieved the same level of capability or acceptance. Without a SHM capability the composite community has relied on detailed inspections during periodic maintenance actions to detect both structural damage and gage the extent of material degradation. Types of damage and degraded material properties include impact damage with the associated subsurface delaminations, debonding of fibers from the matrix at stress concentrations, corrosion of the fasteners used to join composites to metals, and failing adhesive bonds. This approach is expensive and reduces the economic advantage that composites offer the designe.},
author = {<NAME>.},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.10350-9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/12. Introduction to Structural Health Monitoring.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081005330},
journal = {Comprehensive Composite Materials II},
keywords = {Composites,Structural health monitoring,Structural monitoring},
number = {March},
pages = {355--357},
title = {{Introduction to structural health monitoring}},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Worden2007,
abstract = {In broad terms, there are two approaches to damage identification. Model-driven methods establish a high-fidelity physical model of the structure, usually by finite element analysis, and then establish a comparison metric between the model and the measured data from the real structure. If the model is for a system or structure in normal (i.e. undamaged) condition, any departures indicate that the structure has deviated from normal condition and damage is inferred. Data-driven approaches also establish a model, but this is usually a statistical representation of the system, e.g. a probability density function of the normal condition. Departures from normality are then signalled by measured data appearing in regions of very low density. The algorithms that have been developed over the years for data-driven approaches are mainly drawn from the discipline of pattern recognition, or more broadly, machine learning. The object of this paper is to illustrate the utility of the data-driven approach to damage identification by means of a number of case studies. {\textcopyright} 2006 The Royal Society.},
author = {<NAME> and <NAME>},
doi = {10.1098/rsta.2006.1938},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/literature review/Already Cited/10. The application of machine learning to structural health monitoring.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1364503X},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
keywords = {Machine learning,Neural networks,Pattern recognition,Statistical learning theory,Structural health monitoring,Support vector machines},
number = {1851},
pages = {515--537},
title = {{The application of machine learning to structural health monitoring}},
volume = {365},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Journal,
author = {Journal, Open Access},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Saeed Ullah/Desktop/SHM related papers/SHM related papers1/literature review/Already Cited/31. Damage detection of structural elements based on active sensing and machine learning approaches.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Heavy detection Metal Phytoextraction Sewage based Sludge on Damage of structural in elements using Sunflower active sensing and machine learning approaches}},
volume = {5}
}
