Organ
How much time did it take to restore the organ?
Notre Dame de Paris
Church of the Holy Trinity, Berwick-on-Tweed Anabantoidei Carlisle Cathedral Boardwalk Hall Auditorium Organ Organ transplantation in China
Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Berwick-on-Tweed-Organ Anabantoidei-Labyrinth_organ Carlisle_Cathedral-Organ Boardwalk_Hall_Auditorium_Organ-Current_state Organ_transplantation_in_China-Wait_times
An organ was installed in 1773 by Byfield and Green of London, and a large rebuild took place in 1855 by Nicholson of Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1869 another rebuild was carried out by Harrison and Harrison when the organ was positioned either side of the west window in the west gallery. The north and south galleries were removed in 1905 and the organ was stripped from its position in the west gallery and moved to its present position in a specially built organ chamber to the north of the chancel by Harrison and Harrison. In 1928 the organ was thoroughly overhauled by Ingrams. In the late '70s a disastrous attempted restoration was carried out by the organist at that time. The organ continued to be used until the early 2000s when a Makin electronic organ was purchased as a temporary stop gap whilst funds were raised to restore the Harrison organ. In 2006 the organ restoration fund having reached £50,000 an Organ Restoration Group was formed to seek quotations from three restorers and Paul Ritchie, the former Diocesan Organ Adviser, was taken on as adviser to the group. Principal Pipe Organs of York have been contracted to restore the organ which will take place in 2010. A fund raising campaign for £160,000 to cover the cost of complete restoration and its future maintenance is now underway under the auspices of the Berwick Parish Church Trust by whom donations will be gratefully received. Donations should be sent to The Honorary Treasurer, The Berwick Parish Church Trust, c/o Greaves West and Ayre, 1/3 Sandgate, Berwick upon Tweed, TD15 1EW. 
The labyrinth organ, a defining characteristic of fish in the suborder Anabantoidei, is a much-folded suprabranchial accessory breathing organ. It is formed by vascularized expansion of the epibranchial bone of the first gill arch and used for respiration in air. This organ allows labyrinth fish to take in oxygen directly from the air, instead of taking it from the water in which they reside through use of gills. The labyrinth organ helps the inhaled oxygen to be absorbed into the bloodstream. As a result, labyrinth fish can survive for a short period of time out of water, as they can inhale the air around them, provided they stay moist. Labyrinth fish are not born with functional labyrinth organs. The development of the organ is gradual and most labyrinth fish breathe entirely with their gills and develop the labyrinth organs when they grow older. 
The earliest documented organ at Carlisle Cathedral is one mentioned in an inventory of 1571. The present organ was built by Henry Willis in 1856 and was innovative for its date. It was enlarged in 1875 to include the 32 foot pipes. In 1906 it was further extended by Harrison & Harrison. In 1930, the organ was moved to its present position by an unknown builder. In 1962, J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd rebuilt the organ to give it a more classical sound. In 1997, a rebuilding by David Wells sought to restore the organ to its original Victorian tone. At this time a number of new stops were added. The organ has 4 manuals, 72 stops: Pedal 18 stops, Positive 14 stops, Great 13 stops, Swell 14 stops, Solo 13 stops.  
The organ has declined and is now in poor condition, and is no longer entirely functional. The upper chambers (Fanfare, Echo, and String III divisions) have long been inaccessible due to the presence of asbestos (which has recently been removed), which left the pipework decayed and out of tune. The Gallery chambers have suffered water damage due to roof leaks. Also, the remote combination action of the main console, housed in the Auditorium basement, was flooded and rendered unusable due to the 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane, and it took several years before another mechanism could be integrated into the main console. Because of this, and the overall decline of the rest of the organ due to lack of repairs, the organ hasn't been playable for a long time. There isn't enough money to employ three required technicians to provide the constant maintenance required, let alone to restore the organ to its original state. Full restoration of the organ is estimated to cost up to $13 million. In September 1998, a part of the organ (the Right Stage chamber) was restored to playable condition. Afterwards, a recording session took place, which captured the organ's record holders (the 64′ Diaphone-Dulzian, and the 100″ Tuba Imperial and Grand Ophicleide). This was made possible by a $1.17 million grant from the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority, which was used to return the Right Stage Chamber of the Main Auditorium organ and the entire Ballroom (Kimball) Organ to playable condition. Unfortunately, due to lack of planning and oversight and the carelessness of workmen during the renovation of the Boardwalk Hall, much damage has been done to the organ. Pipes were removed, bent, and stepped on. Windlines to various pipe chambers were cut, with no effort to identify the lines nor any plans to re-route or repair them. The relay for the left stage chamber was cut out without regard to its restoration, and various switching and control cables were cut. The 5-manual console connection was cut. Also, cement dust has entered the switching contacts, magnets and the organ pipes themselves. All this left the entire organ damaged and the Right Stage chamber, which was 98% operational in 1998, was completely disabled. The relay of the Ballroom Organ was also removed in a careless way, which rendered that organ unplayable as well. The organization in charge of the organs, ACCHOS (Atlantic City Convention Hall Organ Society), set about raising funds to restore both organs and on June 11, 2007, ACCHOS announced that, under the supervision of a new curator, work is underway to restore the entire Ballroom Organ, and the Right Stage chamber of the Main Auditorium organ back to working order, as they were around 1998. The Left Stage chamber is to be restored, pending the installation of a new relay. Thanks to the efforts of ACCHOS, the 64' Diaphone Dulzian is now operational. In addition, new fire suppressant systems and chamber lighting have now been installed in all 8 chambers including the Echo and Fanfare chambers. Recently, the Right stage chamber (which was used in the 1998 recording "The Auditorium Organ") has been brought back online and is working once again. Work continues on the Left stage chamber. The Ballroom Kimball organ has also been restored. 
The wait times for organ transplants for organ recipients in China are much lower than elsewhere in the world, and there is evidence that the execution of prisoners for their organs is "timed for the convenience of the waiting recipient." Organ tourists to China report receiving kidney transplants within days of arriving in China. A report produced by David Matas and David Kilgour cites the China International Transplantation Assistant Centre website as saying "it may take only one week to find out the suitable (kidney) donor, the maximum time being one month..." By way of comparison, the median waiting time for an organ transplantation in Australia is 6 months to 4 years, in Canada, it is 6 years as of 2011. In UK it is 3 years. 