Merchandising
How much money does merchandising for South Park generate per year?
South Park
Financial independence All-commodity volume Tim Rothwell College athletics in the United States Colonial Williamsburg
Financial_independence-Abstract All-commodity_volume-Examples_of_application Tim_Rothwell-Universal_Studios College_athletics_in_the_United_States-Professional_pay Colonial_Williamsburg-Merchandising
Financial independence is generally used to describe the state of having sufficient personal wealth to live, without having to work actively for basic necessities. For financially independent people, their assets generate income that is greater than their expenses. For example, a person's quarterly expenses may total $4000. They receive dividends from stocks they have previously purchased totaling $5,000 quarterly, while also having more money in other assets. Under these circumstances, a person is financially independent. A person's assets and liabilities are an important factor in determining if they have achieved financial independence. An "asset" is anything of value that can be liquidated if a person has debt, whereas a "liability" is related to debt, in that it is the responsibility of one possessing it to provide compensation. (Homes and automobiles with no liens or mortgages are common assets. )It does not matter how old or young someone is or how much money they have or make. If they can generate enough money to meet their needs from sources other than their primary occupation, then they have achieved financial independence. Age is potentially irrelevant with respect to financial independence. If they are 25 years old and their expenses are only $100 per month and they have assets that generate $101 or more per month, they have achieved financial independence, and they are now free to do things that they enjoy without having to worry as much. If, on the other hand, they are 50 years old and earn a million dollars a month but still have expenses above a million dollars a month, then they are not financially independent because they still have to generate the difference each month just to stay even. However, this needs to take into consideration the effects of inflation. If a person needs $100/month for living expenses today, that figure will be $105/month next year and $110.25/month in the following year to support the same lifestyle assuming a 5% annual inflation rate. Therefore, if the person in the above example obtains their passive income from a perpetuity, there will be a time when they lose their financial independence because of inflation. 
Based on the above logic, common applications of ACV equivalization are as follows:  The overall importance of one retailer vs. another in terms of sales volume, or even geographical locations (e.g., New York Metro vs. Omaha). An item (e.g., mayonnaise), or even grouping of items (e.g., grocery dry goods) has an average share of every million dollars of sales in a sales outlet, representing its overall importance to that outlet. As the example above, an item or aggregated grouping of items can have its distribution measured in equivalized fashion – what percentage of the total market ACV does a product actually sell in (i.e., appear on the shelf)? Related to share above, an item or category of items can have a sales rate per million dollars of ACV. This allows for comparison of how well an item sells in one outlet vs. another regardless of its overall distribution. This is often referred to as weighted sales velocity. What percentage of ACV$ in a market is a product or grouping benefiting from trade merchandising such as feature advertisements, in-store point of sale display, coupons, etc. One can then deduce how much one time period has extra merchandising support versus another.  
He entered the entertainment industry at Universal Studios, where over a seven-year period, he rose to the level of senior vice president of Universal Studios' consumer products group. During his tenure he oversaw merchandising and marketing launches for numerous theatrical titles including "Jurassic Park", "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial," "How the Grinch Stole Christmas," "The Fast and the Furious" and "Hulk" movies. 
Debate over Paying Athletes. Professional pay. In recent years, a debate has arisen over whether college athletes should be paid or not. Ever since the instatement of the collegiate athletics, athletes have not received compensation for their participation. Yet it has been argued that college athletes are being exploited by their colleges by not being paid. There are arguments in favor of paying athletes. "The NCAA brings in millions of dollars each year in television, advertising and licensing revenue, and the schools benefit from ticket and merchandising sales and donations. "A few schools even benefit from owning their own networks. The University of Texas owns The Longhorn Network and Brigham Young University owns BYUtv. "Everyone seems to profit except the men and women who make it all possible by playing. Paying college athletes would present a myriad of legal issues for the NCAA and its member institutions. First among them would be the fact that by paying college athletes, whether by salary or stipend, the athletes would lose their amateur status and become employees of the institution that they represent. As employees, according to Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act, these athletes would be entitled to form or join labor organizations and collectively bargain. The National College Players Association already serves as an advocacy group for college players across the nation, and it is not a stretch to imagine that this group, or one like it, would take the next step and certify as a union given the revenue involved in college athletics. Already graduate teaching assistants at several colleges have formed unions so there is a precedent for this sort of activity among students on college campuses. Paying college athletes would also present issues under Title IX and the Fair Pay Act. Title IX dictates that institutions accepting federal funds must offer equal opportunities to both men and women." About 10% of college teams help to generate a large net amount of revenue for their school, but the athletes are not personally rewarded for their contribution. In 2010, two of the most profitable college conferences—the Southeastern Conference and the Big Ten—earned over one billion dollars and $905 million, respectively. The University of Texas' football program, the most valuable in college sports, is estimated by forbes.com to be worth over 133 million dollars, totaling over a billion dollars in the last decade. This money is distributed among administrators, coaches, media outlets, and other parties, but not to the players. Collegiate athletics entails time-consuming, intense commitment to practice and play. ESPN writer Robert Lipsyte contends that "a lot of athletes are simply getting cheated out of the chance for an education" since they are not able to truly focus on their studies. Only some athletic scholarships are "full rides", and many student-athletes are not able to afford dining, entertainment, and even some educational expenses. Outside of summertime, when work is permitted, student-athletes have no extra time for work in addition to practice, training, and classes. Paying student-athletes would give the athletes an incentive to stay in school and complete their degree programs, rather than leave early for the professional leagues. They would be much less tempted to earn money by taking illegal payments and shaving points. By not paying their athletes, colleges avoid paying workmen's-compensation benefits to the "hundreds" of college athletes incapacitated by injuries each year, according to journalist Taylor Branch. Colleges such as University of Connecticut (UConn), Syracuse University, and Kansas State University have some of the worst graduation rates in the country for their student-athletes. UConn has had 25% graduation rate until recently when they improved to 50%. Yet, UConn still receives $1.4 million for reaching and competing in the NCAA tournament despite the low amount of graduates. The institutions and the NCAA do not appear to be committed to making sure that their athletes actually graduate. Paying these athletes would give some incentive to stay and finish college. Steve Spurrier, the head football coach of the South Carolina Gamecocks, says that 28 men's football and basketball coaches in the conference are all for paying athletes up to $300 per game for football players and a little less for basketball players. It would cost the SEC about $280,000 per year, says Spurrier, which is nothing compared to the amount of money being brought in the conference. After a number of efforts to go to trial against the NCAA's incoming revenue, a court date has been set. Former UCLA Bruin Ed O'Bannon along with Oscar Robertson and Bill Russell lead the lawsuit. The trial is scheduled to begin during the summer of 2014. Although the NCAA claims that their athletes have amateur status, the organization has made billions of dollars off of merchandise licenses. The NCAA has earned billions from broadcast revenues annually. By selling the image of their players, the NCAA is able to make money from each sport. O'Bannon has stated that some of this revenue should be spread out among the players who help bring in this cash to the NCAA. Last year, ESPN analyst Jay Bilas gave evidence to this fact showing how a person could search the NCAA website by player name and have the resulting school jersey appear. In a recent court case brought by a few Northwestern University football players against the NCAA, argued that the players should be able to unionize and bargain collectively. The court ruled in the plaintiffs (players) favor. The court's decision only applied to those football players at Northwestern on a scholarship. Kain Colter, a former quarterback at Northwestern, testified that required football practice and playing had reduced the time he could have used to pursue his quest to become a medical doctor. He stated that athletic departments should decrease the maximum amount of hours a player must participate in a sport to remain part of the team and retain a scholarship. As it stands, 50 hours a week is the maximum. It is said many other universities will soon follow. The recently formed College Athletes Players Association (CAPA) is focusing mainly on the idea of giving compensation to football and basketball players. It hasn't decided if this will affect nonrevenue sports. The NCAA has denied the thought of calling student-athletes ‘employees’. 
Central to the Rockefeller vision of Williamsburg was the need for retailing, not only to generate money to pay for the upkeep of Williamsburg, but also to aid in educating visitors through affordable reproductions. The Williamsburg Reproductions items sold in the Craft House were inspired by or reproductions of items in the collections. Vendors such as Wedgwood, Charles Overly, Kittinger, Stickley Furniture, Martin Senour, Kirk Steiff Co., and Virginia Metalcrafters have made products licensed by Colonial Williamsburg. 