How do you calculate the probability of photoelectric effect ?
Calculate group and grand means Calculate k = number of groups , n = number of observations per group , N = total number of observations ( k x n ) Calculate SS - total ( or total variance ) as : ( Each score - Grand mean ) ^2 then summed Calculate SS - treat ( or treatment effect ) as : ( Each group mean - Grand mean ) ^2 then summed x n Calculate SS - error ( or error effect ) as ( Each score - Its group mean ) ^2 then summed Calculate df - total : N-1 , df - treat : k-1 and df - error k ( n-1 ) Calculate Mean Square MS - treat : SS - treat / df - treat , then MS - error : SS - error / df - error Calculate obtained f value : MS - treat / MS - error Use F - table or probability function , to look up critical f value with a certain significance level Conclude as to whether treatment effect significantly affects the variable of interest