text:
iPhone private MAC address not working? 2 MAC addresses appear in my router
I just connected my iPhone to a brand new router and saw that 2 new MAC addresses appeared in connected devices.
By disabling the "Private address" feature I could verify that both MAC addresses belong to my iPhone.
I understand that this is a privacy feature, but what's the point if my hardware address shows up anyway?
This was my first time connecting to this network and the private address feature is enabled by default.
I have tested this on 2 routers, same thing with this iPhone. However, when using an Android device with the private address feature, only the spoofed MAC appears in my devices list.
Wonder if this just happens to me or also to others. And, more important: How can I prevent this from happening?

Did you compare the MAC to the one in Settings?

Yes, in the wifi settings when connected to the network.

The MAC address shown in WiFi settings is the address announced to the router, not the iPhones actual MAC address. You can find your iPhones MAC address(es) in "Settings > General > About".

So which two MAC addresses have shown up, both the MAC address from the WiFi settings and the one in General->About (whatever it is called, the first entry in the General section)?

Yes, that is correct! Both the spoofed and the 'hard coded' one

Can you document which router and how it’s set up in a follow on question?  Or edit this to remove all the side questions.

The point of randomizing MAC address is so that each router you connect to around town doesn’t get to know your device and sell your data to track you trivially. You will have to erase all history of Mac addresses on your router in a factory reset and be sure you enable privacy before connecting to test this on basic routers.
Imagine you had a bank that would give you new credit card numbers for each merchant. Then you would know which merchant had a breach and. It have to change the others.
I would ask a second follow on question for your router not working (it depends more on the router details - none of which are documented in your question). At home, you don’t have to worry as much about being “known” to “your router” so I would disable this feature for that network if you don’t want to hassle with configuring your router configuration to work well with this privacy option. You also may want to sign out of iCloud if you have other devices that join Wi-Fi automatically when iCloud shares credentials like watch, TV or HomePod.

If I understand the OP correctly, it‘s about the iPhone using both the static AND the random MAC when connecting to the router (which would reduce the value of using random MAC). Seems to be an issue with the phone, not the router (they tested it with different routers).

@nohillside could be, most times we investigated this, staff either loaded software on the phone as well as didn’t clear past connection data store from the router in a thorough factory reset. Let’s see if we can draw them to ask a follow on question with enough technical detail to answer. Also, I have seen this where iCloud shares wifi with other devices - would be interesting if a connection before expected leaked the device native hardware address.


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How to make Chinese pinyin keyboard work in vim?
When I am using a Chinese keyboard as input source, I cannot navigate around vim using regular keys.
I would like to leave the Chinese keyboard selected, but still be able to use vim as normal when I am not in insert mode.
When in Insert mode, any typing should type Chinese, but when not in a typing mode keys should have their normal vim functionality.

The arrow keys still work, but other than that, you'd have to switch keyboards to navigate or turn on insert/replace/delete functions, then switch back.  Perhaps use Cmd-dot to toggle back and forth.
If you have a numeric keypad, you could program some of those keys with different navigation outputs.  Or function keys.
I use mostly TextEdit.  I’ll get some downvotes for having the audacity to suggest it’s not completely useless.  Other editors are available that do a lot more.  But there’s some value in choosing a simpler product that does everything you need over one that can do a lot of things you don’t need.  Can’t recommend TextEdit for Monterey, though—Apple is still working on a serious bug.

source: Stack Exchange

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

sort: votes


text:
Stop iPhone automatically opening airdropped files
I would like my iPhone 7 running iOS 14.7.1 to not open Photos when pictures are airdropped to it.
How can I disable that behaviour?

Unfortunately, there is no way to achieve this as iOS is programmed to automatically open the default handler app after it receives data via AirDrop.

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Can devices draw power from the MacBook's 3.5 mm audio port?
Can devices draw any power from the 3.5 mm audio port on MacBook Pros?

The answer to this depends on why you're asking the question:
Is the audio port intended to be used for drawing power? - No.
Can a device theoretically draw power from the audio port? - Yes.
Can a device draw enough power to for example charge a phone? - No.
I.e. in most practical circumstances and "wishful thinking" about the audio port - the answer is no. However, if you're doing a hobby project, control the audio output and think it would be fun to power a single LED or similar - that's within reach.

How much power can a device theoretically draw? and is it possible to draw power from it while listening to music through it?

@theonlygusti Let me know what you intend to draw power for, and we can go into more specifics. If the intention is to draw power, you usually wouldn't be listening to music at the same time, but rather maximize the power by outputting non-music.

Just to clarify regarding the amount of power - expect milliwatt range.


text:
How much power can be drawn from the MacBook Pro's 3.5 mm port?
How much power can be drawn from the MacBook Pro's 3.5 mm audio port?
Is it possible for a device to draw power from it while playing aloud any audio the MacBook may be outputting through it?

If the device is ordinary headphones, then yes—they use a few milliwatts. But what sort of device are you thinking about?

The only power which comes from the audio port is the audio signal. No sound? No power. There is not a constant power supply from it.

@AndrewMorton so a device can't draw any power at all from it unless the computer sends power down it, as it does when playing audio?

That is correct.

The exact amount of power depends on the model of MacBook Pro.
You can usually expect to be able to draw something in the small milliwatt range at best - i.e. something like 10-20 mW for a smart phone audio output, and a laptop perhaps 50-100 mW.
If you happen to have a new MacBook Pro, it is possible to draw a lot more power as it is specially equipped for providing power:

When you connect headphones with an impedance of less than 150 ohms, the headphone jack provides up to 1.25 volts RMS. For headphones with an impedance of 150 to 1k ohms, the headphone jack delivers 3 volts RMS

And yes, it is theoretically possible to play aloud the audio while drawing the power - but it is not practical. The audio signal basically is the power, so for practical purposes you would try to maximize power output by effectively playing non-music (i.e. basically loud "noise").

How do you know 10mW?

@theonlygusti As I replied on your question, could you please tell us a bit about what you intend to use this for? - Then it's possible to give you more details and specifics about what is possible.

Also be sure to comment with exactly what kind of MacBook Pro you have.

to power an amp for monitoring a microphone

Which specific amp? (model)

And why would you want to do this? - Can you give us some specifics here? - Are you recording the microphone audio on that 3.5 mm audio jack? are you outputting the mix there? - Is it an XLR microphone with phantom power you need to power? - What exactly is the setup - and why can't you just power it like it is usually done with a PSU?

I don't know yet, I just wanted to know if it's possible to power an amp using the headphone jack

It would be more convenient to not have to have a separate power supply. I would like to listen to computer output at the same time as my own voice through earphones, as low-latency as possible (software monitoring has too high a latency)

@theonlygusti It is impossible to answer that question without knowledge of the amplifier. I.e. you can get amplifiers that eats 100s of watts for powering speakers - and you can some that only need a tiny bit of power to power the weakest set of headphones.

@theonlygusti I'm trying to wrap my head around what you want to do here. First off, it is not practical to power a headphone amplifier through the 3.5 mm jack. Forget that idea again. Do you have an existing audio interface / DAC?

Usually you would have an external audio interface - you can get very cheap ones on USB for example. It would be able to record the microphone, and you would be able to playback your audio from the computer - and many of these have a button you can press to monitor the microphone in the headphones mixed with the computer playback. It is not software monitoring, so there's no latency issue.

An amp can never work at 3V?

Sure - you can amplify with 3V. However, 3V just means "3 volts" - it's the voltage. It doesn't say anything about how much power you can draw. You need to state whether you're talking about building electronics yourself for a hobby amplifier - or you're talking about buying a product on the market.

Do you know how much power can be drawn then?

@theonlygusti Yes, that's what I have written in my answer. Note that the noted values are maximums if you output a special loud sound. If you want to playback music, you'll only get fractions of that during quieter parts, and nothing during silence.

But you just said 3V says nothing about the power....

Yes, that’s right! - I’m not really sure what is confusing you here? 3V by itself doesn’t say anything about power - you would need to know the number of amps (ampere) as well. When I write about watt in my answer, that is power.

Therefore you didn't actually say how much power can be drawn in your answer

I’m not sure what the question is here - the answer says to expect 50-100 mW. That is power. And you still haven’t specified what kind of MBP you have.

I.e. if you happen to have one of those listed in the answer, you can expect quite a bit more if you have the right kind of impedance. Note that it is Vrms, but then it could theoretically be up to 600 mW.

From https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212856 (thanks to @jksoegaard for the reference in their answer!), the adaptive-impedance audio interface circuit on the new MBP operates in two modes:

When you connect headphones with an impedance of less than 150 ohms, the headphone jack provides up to 1.25 volts RMS.

For headphones with an impedance of 150 to 1k ohms, the headphone jack delivers 3 volts RMS.

From the basic physics of resistive circuits:
P = V^2 / R

This means that we can infer the following:

In low-impedance mode, the best-case voltage is 1.25 Vrms. Presuming a flat power curve (i.e., the voltage drops accordingly to maintain constant power through a reduced resistance), this means that at 150 Ω the power delivered into the load is P = V^2 / R = (1.25 Vrms)^2 / 150 Ω = 10.4 mWrms. If the power curve is not flat then the available power may be higher or lower for lower-impedance loads.
In high-impedance mode, the voltage is fixed at 3 Vrms. Maximum power develops through minimum resistance, so at the lower end of the 150-1kΩ impedance range we have P = (3 Vrms)^2 / 150 Ω = 60 mWrms.

In both cases these are optimal parameters derived from a combination of electrical characterizations on Apple's part and a simplified theoretical model on our part. Real-world conditions are not as optimal and will likely see a slight reduction to these maximums.


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How to rescale macOS output volume to be quieter
My headphones are too loud for me. How can I resize macOS' volume control so that max volume is only 30% of the actual possible power output?
And then I have fine control within the 0-30% range.
At the moment, 1 pixel from mute is still too loud in some environments.

Related: Lowest volume is still too loud—how can I make it even lower? (not a duplicate, IMHO, since the current question is asking for a different solution)

See https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/use-headphone-audio-level-features-iph64ac7296f

I don't know a software solution for this on current macOS versions (there are/were solutions up to macOS 10.15; they are likely using kernel extensions and thus don't work on macOS 11+), but you can solve it with hardware:
Search for "headphones volume control adapter". These are adapters you plug in between your Mac and you headphones which can lower the volume.


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iPhone to Mac audio Airplay not working in Monterey
MacOS Monterey introduces Airplay to Mac from iOS devices but the audio Airplay is sometimes not working. However, video airplay works without any issues.

Open activity monitor, search for coreaudiod, then quit the process.


text:
Mission control move a space shortcut not working in Monterey
After I updated to MacOS Monterey, move right/left a space keyboard shortcut (mission control) is no longer working. I even changed the key mapping but this doesn't seem to fix it. And interestingly, when I hit the shortcut key, I hear an alert sound.
I use this command everyday, any comment would be appreciated.

Do you use an extended keyboard? If so the numbers above qwerty & those on the 10-key pad are considered different.

No, I use the regular version of apple magic keyboard.

In my case, I had shortcuts to define file labels defined as Services, but somehow the definition wasn't properly migrated when upgrading to macOS 11. At the end I had to review all keyboard shortcuts in System Settings, remove any conflicting ones and reboot twice to get rid of the stale definitions.

Please don't roll back useful edits. They are done following the guidelines of the site and standard English language rules.

This reads more like a story than an actual answer. Can you edit your post down to the actual part which answers the question by explaining how you solved the problem (would assume one or two paragraphs)? Don‘t worry too much about getting the wording or spelling right, other users can support on this with an edit on their own.

Not sure why you rollback any edits to your answer. Please have look at https://apple.stackexchange.com/help/editing to understand the purpose of edits. If there is a specific reason against any edit, please leave a comment.

Please raise a question on Meta if you want to discuss the lock on this answer.


text:
QuickTime save as m4a
I opened an m4a, I trimmed it (cmd t), now I want to save the new audio.
For some reason it's forcing me to save as MOV, instead of allowing me to save as m4a (the original format in the first place).
I discovered that choosing to overwrite an existing m4a file works, no MOV extension.
However, choosing to save as a new file seems to require MOV file extension.
How can I save as m4a for new file?


text:
Copying files / folders between user accounts
I have 2 admin user accounts on my Mac (both are mine).
There is a folder that I'd like to move from one of the accounts to the other. I tried simply locating the folder in Finder and then copying / pasting it into the other user folder.
I've set read & write to everyone and also Apply to enclosed items.
But it doesn't seem to play nicely with Dropbox, as it won't sync properly (see the 'x' icons next to each file). It says it doesn't have permission to access the files.

So you were able to move the files and folders you needed to successfully without an apparent problem. However, you are now having trouble with Dropbox processing them in their new location. Is that correct?

Are both admin users logged in simultaneously AND is Dropbox logged in by these two admin users?

@Alper yep thats correct

@IconDaemon not logged in at the same time no, also the account that I'm copying from doesn't have dropbox... although now I think about it, I could just log into dropbox from that account and sync everything that way!

Note: Here an item can be a file or folder.

How to Transfer an Item to Another User Without Having to Enter a Password.
This answer was tested using macOS Monterey 12.0.1.
If a user A wants to give a copy of an item to user B, then user A can do so by copying the item to user B's Drop Box (which is the /Users/B/Public/Drop Box folder). This may require holding down the option key, if dragging and dropping the item to user B's Drop Box. User A may then elect to put the original item in the trash.

Note: Having user A move an item to user B's Drop Box can result in User B having to enter a password in order to move the item to the trash. This is why copying should be used instead.

For user B to take ownership of the item, user B needs to copy the item from user B's Drop Box. This may require holding down the option key, if dragging and dropping the item from user B's Drop Box. User B may then elect to move the item in user B's Drop Box to the trash.

Note: Having user B move the item from user B's Drop Box will result in user A retaining ownership of the item. This is why copying should be used instead.

Thanks, I've both with and without sudo but I get the following error: zsh: bad substitution

I change my answer to one that works and does not require using the Terminal.

I change my answer to one that does not require using the Terminal or entering passwords.


text:
Stop "your system has run out of application memory" pop up
How do I stop this "Force Quit Applications" — "Your system has run out of application memory" pop up from appearing and interrupting my workflow?

Which mac and which macOS?

@lhf big sur, Macbook pro 2015

This happens when your boot volume is almost completely full and your current workload has overflowed your physical memory, causing some of it to get swapped out to disk.
This is a dangerous condition because many user and system processes were not designed or tested under out-of-space conditions and frequently end up corrupting data.
To avoid system slowdown and crashes at best, and data loss at worst, you must immediately:

Quit as many apps as possible.
(Optional but highly recommended) Reboot into Recovery and run Disk First Aid on your boot volume to fix any corruption that may have occurred.
Free up space on your drive. Try to keep at least 10% free at all times. This will prevent a recurrence of the issue and also reduce file fragmentation as a bonus.
You may (in addition to #3 which is absolutely necessary in all cases) want to invest in upgrading to more DRAM if your system is capable of it. It sounds like your workflow frequently exceeds physical memory and this would help reduce slowdowns due to swap.

What gunk would you suspect my harddrive to be accummulating? I haven't installed anything in forever, and I delete all of Downloads (I use this dir for any files I save temporarily before re-sending over the internet) and empty trash frequently.

@theonlygusti You are asking a very broad question and there are very many resources here and elsewhere on the Internet to help you answer the real question that you are asking: "What's taking up space on my drive?" I won't go down that rabbit hole here. The only thing that I will say is that one of (very, very) many possibilities is what I mentioned in my answer to your original question: There may be one or more processes that are consuming large amounts of memory and causing lots of swapfiles to be created, thus eating your otherwise-ample storage.


text:
How to use Mail even if harddrive is full?
I get the error

Mail cannot save information about your mailboxes because there isn’t enough space in your home folder.

And have no choice but to quite Mail.
How can I use it anyway?

Same root cause & same fix as https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/432571/stop-your-system-has-run-out-of-application-memory-pop-up Free up some space. Your drive is critically over-full.

You can't. If you've got no space, then there's nowhere to save new emails or meta-data.
You need to have free space on your storage for your computer to operate correctly. I would suggest 20Gb for a 128Gb drive; 50Gb for 250; 75Gb for a 500; and 100Gb for 1Tb.
You need to remove some of your user files and data to another volume.

why can't it delete local copies of old emails?

Because it can't save the database: there's not enough room. One check the Mac has always done, that Windows never used to [though that may have changed in recent years] is that it checks it has space before starting an operation. You may argue that it will have enough space afterwards but for safety it will keep both versions of any copy/overwite until it has finished the entire operation.

@theonlygusti The typical size of an email is a few K. You're going to have to delete thousands just to recover a few Megabytes. This is not a Mail problem: it's an everything problem. Start with something big.

@benwiggy "nowhere to save new emails" if emails are all a few kb large, then surely it can delete local old emails to save new emails?

@theonlygusti You're trying to argue that it should work differently from the way it actually works. One email might be small, but in writing to the database (which may be large), it may need to make a copy of the DB file. Delete some Gigabytes of stuff!!


text:
Strange pop-up during upgrade to XCode 13.2
During the process of updating Xcode from verison 13.1 to 13.2, I got a pop-up stating:

Existing software on your system loaded a system extension signed by
"Oracle America, Inc." which will be incompatible with a future
version of macOS. Contact the developer for support.

This seems wierd.  Has anyone else experienced this?  I can't find any recent results on Google.
If it was part of the XCode upgrade, then why doesn't it state that... and why is it talking about Oracle?
If it's not part of the upgrade... well... the only thing I can think of is that I had Oracle Virtual box installed a long time ago (uninstalled long ago also because it is apparently not compatible with Monterey)... but why would this popup be re-triggered by an XCode upgrade?
Oh, and most importantly, did someone just put a rootkit on my mac?

Anything that triggers a re-scan will popup this type of message; a system update, or in this case Xcode. Many similar messages were seen in Mojave, prior to the demise of 32-bit support. You're being warned the extension is end-of-life & will cease to work in a future update.
I can only guess that you didn't uninstall VirtualBox correctly - perhaps only throwing out the app itself.
OSXDaily has instructions on how to fully uninstall VirtualBox  - both automatic & manual methods. See How to Uninstall VirtualBox on Mac
The general rule on uninstall is that if it needed an installer app to install it, it will need one to uninstall it, or risk leaving bits behind.
For future occasions, I'd perhaps suggest AppCleaner (Freeware).
I see no reason to believe this is any type of malware, merely an incomplete uninstall.


text:
What traffic is not sent? Send all traffic over VPN connection
When setting up a new VPN in System Preferences > Network, in the Advanced page you can select a checkbox to

Send all traffic over VPN connection

It is disabled by default.
What traffic would not be sent over the VPN if it were left disabled?

When you connect to a VPN, you usually only get access to a subnet (host to network). This depends on the VPN technology and configuration used, of course, but it's one of the setups you see most often.
By enabling this checkbox, your Mac tries to route all traffic through the VPN, even traffic that would otherwise be sent to your local gateway (host to everywhere). This is useful if you want all your browsing and other network traffic to be routed through the VPN. You may want to this for example to pretend you're at a different location or because your company has a trusted internet connection and you're sitting in a suspicious internet cafe.

So in the checkbox-disabled case, you get access to machines on the VPN's network, and the VPN is only used to access those machines? When accessing the rest of the internet, your normal connection is used?

Yes, that's correct. The exception being when you're connected to a VPN that is already in host-to-everywhere mode due to the VPN configuration (either the one you set up or the one pushed by the server, if the protocol supports it). In that case, all traffic goes via VPN by default, even if the checkbox is disabled.


text:
How can I order all files and directories by last access date?
How can I sort all files and directories on my harddrive in order of most recent access?
Access by myself or by a program.
I would like to see the old stuff I have lying around that just doesn't get used.

What do you mean by "sort"? Do you want to change sort order in Finder, or when running ls in Terminal, or something else?

@nohillside I just want to see which parts of my file system are most unused

I assume this is about file in your User directory then?

CleanMyMac X is good for this type of search, or look at things by size, maybe - https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/5353/how-can-i-figure-out-whats-slowly-eating-my-hd-space

@nohillside no it's about files everywhere

man ls then :-)

Open a new finder window with CMD+n.  If it doesn't default to "Recents" - choose it.  Hit the cog, and choose "Show Search Criteria".

This takes you to a "Raw query" (other views will also do the same - I just use this as it's not grouped), choose to view by "list";

This enables the column headings, which you can now use to affect the sorting order.  Just click on "Date Last Opened" until it sorts by oldest first;

And ... that's it!  Obviously, it won't care about files you've never opened but that's fine.  TBH, I use CleanMyMac for this type of thing, as it builds an index so you can sort by various attributes (e.g. file size is a good one) very easily.

Recents seems to only show my Documents? I can't see any system or application files in it

It's because you don't as a user "open" these files, they list as "--" for the last opened date, which you'll see if you change the raw query string to; (kMDItemFSName=".")

But I would like to find out about last "access by myself or by a program"

That’s the change to “all files” which I mentioned in my previous post above.

I do not see where you mentioned all files previously.

Hmmm maybe it's implied as I've replied to you - but "all files" is when you change the raw query string to; (kMDItemFSName=".")


text:
How to put audio file from mac into iPhone voice memos?
How can I get an audio file from my mac into my iPhone's voice memos app?
I tried airdropping but voice memos was not an option to open with.


text:
Brightness controller not working after screen replaced

it's an A1706 EMC 3163  any idea? if it's software or the screen it self?

Who did replace the screen?

Me? :P I think the screen doesn't have the ambiance ... sensor is the cause


text:
Does flagging an email store that information locally or on the mailserver?
Do emails I flag on macOS Mail.app also get flagged on whichever email provider I am using?
Can I safely uninstall and reinstall Mail.app, and recreate all my internet accounts, without losing information such as which emails I have flagged?

POP or IMAP?...

@Tetsujin Exchange, Exchange, and IMAP


text:
Password required when deleting files from Macintosh HD
I'm trying to uninstall my Wacom drivers from my Mac and each time I try to delete any, it asks me for my password.
I think this is what is annoyingly preventing me from removing them all in one go via the EasyFind app.
Is there a way to disable this? or perhaps for me to give EasyFind permission to delete files from Macintosh HD / Library?

What OS, specifically & what folders show the issue? With full perms on Mojave, EasyFind tells me it can only delete immediately, not send to Trash [the action then fails.]. Have you tried something like AppCleaner (Freeware) instead, for this type of action?

BTW, most things that required an installer to install also require an uninstaller to uninstall - Wacom's is inside the Wacom Tablet Utility - https://support.wacom.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500006264581-How-do-I-uninstall-and-re-install-the-Wacom-driver-on-Mac-OS-for-a-Pen-Tablet-Pen-Display-or-Pen-Computer-

@Tetsujin thanks, I have a vague memory of using that app many years ago but completely forgot about it!

@Tetsujin as for the wacom uninstaller, yep I do use this but annoyingly it doesn't completely remove everything and I have to manually search for all the other files to to a clean uninstall


text:
Mac terminal found open with “man James” text. Have I been hacked?
I found a terminal window open with the below.
I ran /bin/bash -x and it looks like VMware was accessed and GPG tools.
It also added something suspicious to my login items... have I been hacked?! Also who is “James”

Here's the output of bash -x. I don't see how I could have done this accidentally:
Last login: Fri Dec 24 13:49:08 on ttys000
+ '[' -x /usr/libexec/path_helper ']'
++ /usr/libexec/path_helper -s
+ eval 'PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Applications/VMware' 'Fusion.app/Contents/Public:/usr/local/MacGPG2/bin";' export 'PATH;'
++ PATH='/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Applications/VMware Fusion.app/Contents/Public:/usr/local/MacGPG2/bin'
++ export PATH
+ '[' /bin/bash '!=' no ']'
+ '[' -r /etc/bashrc ']'
+ . /etc/bashrc
++ '[' -z '\s-\v\$ ' ']'
++ PS1='\h:\W \u\$ '
++ shopt -s checkwinsize
++ '[' -r /etc/bashrc_Apple_Terminal ']'
++ . /etc/bashrc_Apple_Terminal
+++ '[' -z '' ']'
+++ PROMPT_COMMAND=update_terminal_cwd
+++ '[' 0 -eq 0 ']'
+++ '[' -n B3526B6E-3B69-45CD-8A59-121709AEFBEA ']'
+++ '[' '!' -e /Users/USER/.bash_sessions_disable ']'
+++ SHELL_SESSION_DID_INIT=1
+++ SHELL_SESSION_DIR=/Users/USER/.bash_sessions
+++ SHELL_SESSION_FILE=/Users/USER/.bash_sessions/B3526B6E-3B69-45CD-8A59-121709AEFBEA.session
+++ mkdir -m 700 -p /Users/USER/.bash_sessions
+++ '[' -r /Users/USER/.bash_sessions/B3526B6E-3B69-45CD-8A59-121709AEFBEA.session ']'
+++ '[' 1 -eq 1 ']'
+++ SHELL_SESSION_HISTFILE=/Users/USER/.bash_sessions/B3526B6E-3B69-45CD-8A59-121709AEFBEA.history
+++ SHELL_SESSION_HISTFILE_NEW=/Users/USER/.bash_sessions/B3526B6E-3B69-45CD-8A59-121709AEFBEA.historynew
+++ SHELL_SESSION_HISTFILE_SHARED=/Users/USER/.bash_history
+++ '[' -s /Users/USER/.bash_sessions/B3526B6E-3B69-45CD-8A59-121709AEFBEA.history ']'
+++ PROMPT_COMMAND='shell_session_history_check; update_terminal_cwd'
+++ SHELL_SESSION_TIMESTAMP_FILE=/Users/USER/.bash_sessions/_expiration_check_timestamp
+++ trap shell_session_update EXIT

The default interactive shell is now zsh.
To update your account to use zsh, please run `chsh -s /bin/zsh`.
For more details, please visit https://support.apple.com/kb/HT208050.
++ shell_session_history_check
++ '[' 0 -eq 0 ']'
++ SHELL_SESSION_DID_HISTORY_CHECK=1
++ shell_session_history_allowed
++ '[' -n /Users/USER/.bash_history ']'
++ local allowed=0
++ shopt -q histappend
++ '[' -n '' ']'
++ allowed=1
++ '[' 1 -eq 1 ']'
++ return 0
++ shell_session_history_enable
++ umask 077
++ /usr/bin/touch /Users/USER/.bash_sessions/B3526B6E-3B69-45CD-8A59-121709AEFBEA.historynew
++ HISTFILE=/Users/USER/.bash_sessions/B3526B6E-3B69-45CD-8A59-121709AEFBEA.historynew
++ SHELL_SESSION_HISTORY=1
++ '[' 'shell_session_history_check; update_terminal_cwd' = shell_session_history_check ']'
++ [[ shell_session_history_check; update_terminal_cwd =~ (.*)(; *shell_session_history_check *| *shell_session_history_check *; *)(.*) ]]
++ PROMPT_COMMAND=update_terminal_cwd
++ update_terminal_cwd
++ local url_path=
++ local i ch hexch LC_CTYPE=C LC_COLLATE=C LC_ALL= LANG=
++ (( i = 0 ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=/
++ [[ / =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=/
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=U
++ [[ U =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=U
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=s
++ [[ s =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=s
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=e
++ [[ e =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=e
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=r
++ [[ r =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=r
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=s
++ [[ s =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=s
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=/
++ [[ / =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=/
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=t
++ [[ t =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=t
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=r
++ [[ r =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=r
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=a
++ [[ a =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=a
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=v
++ [[ v =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=v
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=i
++ [[ i =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=i
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=s
++ [[ s =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=s
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=d
++ [[ d =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=d
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=a
++ [[ a =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=a
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=r
++ [[ r =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=r
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=g
++ [[ g =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=g
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=i
++ [[ i =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=i
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ ch=e
++ [[ e =~ [/._~A-Za-z0-9-] ]]
++ url_path+=e
++ (( ++i ))
++ (( i < 19 ))
++ printf '\e]7;%s\a' file://USER-MacBook-Pro.local/Users/USER
USER-MacBook-Pro:~ USER$

Maybe you've been hacked, maybe you haven't.  But the fact that you got a "man James" window open is a poor indicator of a hack, and it's far more likely that you accidentally triggered the opening of that window yourself.
Here's how it might have been triggered:

Double-click the word "James" to select it in some application — for example, on this page in your web browser.
Hit ⌘-⇧-M on your keyboard, which triggers the "Open man page in Terminal" service.

The telltale indicator that the "Open man page in Terminal" service was triggered is the fact that the window opened with a yellow background. If an attacker had opened that window in any other way, they would likely not have gone to the trouble to make it yellow.
Furthermore, the existence of a keyboard shortcut in the default configuration of macOS suggests that you may have triggered it accidentally yourself. To see where that keyboard shortcut is defined, go to “System Preferences → Keyboard → Shortcuts → Services.”

As for the bash -x output, it all looks very innocuous to me. Those are just the commands that get run automatically every time you launch a shell, usually silently, to compose the dynamic shell prompt. See /etc/bashrc on an installation of any recent version of macOS.

I doubt man James was run directly, i.e. by someone typing that in Terminal. The window in your screenshot shows the default theme for man page output.
There is a default text service provided by Terminal that opens a man page for the selected text. I believe the text ‘James’ was right-clicked and the service selected, or selected and the keyboard shortcut pressed.

It can also be the product of the Touch Bar button, if they had "James" written accidentally on the terminal and pressed the touchbar it would open the man page.

All we can say is that something or someone on your Mac used Terminal to run man James.

running bash -x afterwards doesn‘t help, you may want to look at the bash history though
The Terminal output in the second screenshot shows how PATH gets defined (assume you have installed VMware and GPG)
Toolbox Tool Launcher seems to be an entry for an application which isn‘t installed anymore (click on the yellow sign for details)

Also, the code you are showing as run is the usual code which gets executed when starting bash or zsh, see /etc/profile, /etc/bashrc and /etc/bashrc_Apple_Terminal.

This is solid advice. I might add, uninstall those apps, clean up the launch items and make a backup. Over time you can check if anything else pops up, but nothing here seems unexpected or unusual.

You were not hacked.
Somehow a keyboard shortcut was accidentally triggered.
This is mentioned in 200_success’s answer, but I am posting my own answer to add more specific details and references.
There is a default/built-in keyboard shortcut called: “Open man Page in Terminal” that is triggered by highlighting text and hitting this combination of keys: ⇧ (Shift)+⌘ (Command)+M

I just did that while highlighting the name of my main system drive — “Primary” — and this is the output:

A few things to note about that terminal screenshot:

The yellow is not the default Terminal color which is typically just a basic white background with black text.
The title bar has the text, man Primary which reflects that the command run via a script. Open up a Terminal window and the default text is basically [username] — -bash —80x24 and even if you ran man Primary on your own the title would not change to that.

Also, the output of the bash -x command simply shows the startup commands that are run when a terminal session — or SSH login session to your machine — when you open up a Terminal window. When you run bash -x it opens up Bash in tracing mode as explained here:

”Print a trace of simple commands, for commands, case commands, select commands, and arithmetic for commands and their arguments or associated word lists after they are expanded and before they are executed. The value of the PS4 variable is expanded and the resultant value is printed before the command and its expanded arguments.”

Which basically means it launches a Bash session in a verbose mode that shows you exactly what Bash is doing when it starts. For example, here is what the bash -x output looks like on my machine:
+ export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
+ PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
+ export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
+ PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

My Bash setup is fairly simple, but if you were to look into the .bash_history, .bash_profile and .bashrc files in your terminal you would see items that are the equivalent of your output in some way.


text:
Run MacOS Intel guest VM in a MacOS M1 host
I have an M1 Macbook. Inside it, I want to emulate MacOS running as Intel, so I don't have to keep switching to my Intel Mac to cross-compile/test my code.
I've looked at UTM and it looks like it's capable of emulating Intel for other OSes like Windows and Linux, but the gallery doesn't have MacOS. I used the instructions here to convert the MacOS Monterey installer to an ISO and load it in UTM, but  it can't seem to recognize it (it just opens up some weird shell at the boot loader).
Is there any way to emulate a MacOS Intel guest inside of an MacOS M1 host, such that the guest OS basically behaves like an Intel Macbook?

A Virtual Machine cannot emulate, because if it did emulate, it would be an Emulator, not a Virtual Machine.

Is it possible to emulate MacOS running as Intel on an M1 Macbook?

You can use arch to force execution via Rosetta, would this help?

No, I need a full Intel-emulated environment. Basically as if I'm running macOS in VMWare and it thinks it's running in Intel.

I have the same need for different reasons. I need access to older macOS versions for many reasons. But I want to upgrade my old intel macbook to an M1. But I can't do that unless I can run OSes like El Capitan and High Sierra in emulators/vm's in it. If VMWare (or parallels) added emulation support, that would be so useful. Oh well.

You're right that UTM can emulate an Intel processor (as it is a front-end for QEMU, which can emulate various architectures), but you can't easily boot a macOS disk in QEMU/UTM due to Apple's proprietary hardware and anti-piracy measures. You'd have to set up something similar to a Hackintosh, using particular flags for QEMU and a bootloader such as OpenCore or Clover. It probably isn't worth doing, as you will have pretty bad performance and no graphics acceleration (no graphical effects and everything will be slow and choppy).
If you want to do it anyway this (or a similar repo, there are several) would probably help, although you won't be able to use KVM or HVF since virtualization acceleration doesn't work on an emulator, and you'd have to figure out some of the steps yourself as the repo is targeted towards Linux distributions and some things may not work fully on a Mac.


text:
Starting today, no internet for 2 MacBook Pro with BigSur
I am having issues connecting to the Internet using two 15'' MacBook Pros (Mid 2014 and 2017), both running Big Sur. Until today, I had no connection issues with them. A few more details:

On both machines, I can ping www.google.com but I cannot access the same page from a browser.
I have the same result with Chrome, Firefox and Safari.
I am trying to connect the machines to my home wifi, which has two channels (standard and 5G). The issue is not solved if I change the network.
If I run Wireless Diagnostics, I get the message "your wi-fi connection appears to be working as expected".
I have the same issues if I try to connect the two MacBook Pros to my phone's hotspot.
None of the issues listed above occur when I use my 13'' Mac running Sierra.

The only hypothesis I have is that the issue is somehow related to the OS. Do you think that makes sense? Do you have suggestions on how to proceed? Thanks!

Can you try with curl ? Ex : curl -o xx.html https://www.google.com    Or : curl -o xx2.html http://www.google.com

Thanks for the hint! I tried and I got the error Couldn't connect to server.

Have you got a firewall or proxy on your network or on your computers ?


text:
How to install two instances of the same app on iOS?
For apps that require me to log in with a user account but don't support multiple accounts per instance, for example instagram, discord, messenger, it would be handy to have more than one of them installed at a time.
How can I do that?

A microsecond Google Search Experience® found this and this and this ...

It is not possible to install two instances of the same app on iOS.
Some services accessed by an app also have a web site with equivalent or at least similar functionality. You might be able to get some of the functionality you require by using the app for one account, and the web site (through Safari) for the other account.


text:
Fastest way to record audio macOS Big Sur?
The fastest way I currently have is:

cmdspacequienter (Open QuickTime Player.app)
cmdw (close the Open dialog)
cmdshiftn (New Audio Recording)

Is there already a faster way to prepare to record audio? Can I set up a faster method of opening an audio recorder? Or can I make the QuickTime Player experience less painful (for example by disabling the automatic Open dialog)

From Mojave onwards, MacOS comes with a Voice Memos app, which may be faster and better-suited to your purpose.
Command N (or press the red button) will start a new recording.
You can also sync the recording using iCloud, if you want.
Alternatively, from Monterey onwards, you could use Shortcuts.app to create a Shortcut that records audio. It would then be available in the shortcuts menulet from the menu bar.

Can I customise the mic that voice memos uses? https://apple.stackexchange.com/q/434882/150109

Using Automator.app, you can create a new "Quick Action" document. Next, add a "Run AppleScript" action to the Workflow and insert this following AppleScript code into the "Run AppleScript" action
tell application "QuickTime Player"
    activate
    set newAudioRecording to new audio recording
    start newAudioRecording
end tell

Next, save the new "Quick Action" document. (I saved it as "New QT Audio Recording"
Now you can assign it a keyboard shortcut in System Preferences.


text:
Change Voice Memos microphone to the non-system setting one
How can I change the Voice Memos microphone?
Even though Voice Memos User Guide says

To create a recording, use the built-in microphone, a supported headset or an external mic

I can't see how can I choose which one to use.
QuickTime Player lets me choose the microphone to make new recordings with. I am not forced to use the system setting.
Can I customise Voice Memos to also use an input device of my choosing, that won't necessarily be the system setting?

What have you checked so far? System Preferences and input devices?


text:
How to use laptop mic instead of headphone mic by software?
How can I use my macbook microphone even when trrs headphones are connected, by only changing software — without having to fiddle around with any hardware, converters, the physical connection, as all of the answers here suggest to: Internal Mic Option Disappears when using Apple Earbuds
How can I change my system to always use laptop microphone?

Try using the built-in Audio MIDI Setup app. Step 3 on this Apple Support page should help you.

You can use an app that manages sound inputs and outputs for you, such as SoundSource. It saves your settings so you only have to change your preferred output method once.
Or you can use the Sounds pane in system preferences, under input you can click the mic you want to use and Mac should remember that choice as well.


text:
Can other computers in the same lan access my Mac?
I use a simple password on my Mac for my daily logins. I would like to know if it is vulnerable to remote access.
Can other computers on the same lan access my Mac if they know the username, password and IP address?

Simple answer is yes - however if you want to do this properly then use ssh and not use the password and use bonjour or some local DNS so access it by name. To get a useful answer please supply more details of the scenario you are in. Also if the routers are setup correctly you don't even need to be on the same lan

Which problem are you trying to solve here?

@nohillside My password is simple for daily login, but if other computers can log in my Mac use it, I have to use a long complex password.

Anybody can walk up to your Mac and try to login, so a non-simple password is advisable anyway. But please edit your question to focus on the actual problem.

Simple answer: YES
Longer answer: Remote access is possible if you have enabled it in the Sharing pane in System Preferences.
But: A weak password also makes it easier to login while you are away, and/or to guess it from observing your fingers while you type. So if you value your privacy and your data, do yourself a favor and set a strong one.


text:
Changing the title of an alert button maliciously
Is it possible for a malicious developer to interchange ok and cancel in the title of an alert button? In other words, "ok" means cancel, "cancel" means ok.
https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/ios/views/alerts/

Probably, why? you want to do it?

It's entirely up the developer what the consequence of pressing each button is.

Yes, if the developer wants to interchange the labels or purpose of an alert's buttons, they can.
This is also possible without malicious intent. A mistake or error in the code written by the developer can create this behaviour.


text:
I cannot back-button to get to google search results
In Safari on macOS:

Open a new tab
Search for something using Safari omnibar (type something into the omnibar, press enter, be presented with Google search results webpage)
Click a result
Press back (or cmd [)

It takes you back to new tab start page, not to search results.
How can I make it take me to search results instead? The search results page does not show up in history either.

You never opened a search results page, so there's nothing to go back to. This is not new behaviour. If you want to go back to somewhere, you need to open somewhere [eg Google search] to go back to.

The very first option, inside the omnibar itself is 'Search Google' or whoever your chosen default is. Unless you actually go to a web page, there will be nothing to go back to. The list you see is generated on the fly, courtesy of Spotlight, & doesn't form part of your history.

Then I cannot repro your issue here. once you have a google page, that's your 'return to'

@Tetsujin that Google page doesn't go into my history nor can I go back to it after opening one of its links

I see the same results as theonlygusti. If you switch your default engine to DuckDuckGo, for example then you can see the difference: search, choose a result, find it isn't what you want and use the back button to go back to the previous results list.

Did you ever solve this? Added a bounty to draw attention.

I have the same very issue, too. When I search something in address bar and then click a result, I cannot go back and have to search it again. I update the OS to see whether they fix this but no, and they will not, I guess. Once they fixed this but immediately they released x.x.1 version because it led security vulnerabilities.

I was experiencing this same issue. I was able to fix it by disabling all of the checkbox options in Safari search settings and clicking ok. Google searches then showed up in history. Re-enabling all these checkboxes still allowed the searches to show up in history.

Safari version 16.1
OSX Ventura 13.0.1

Even though the question is a few months old now, I recently had the same problem with Safari 15.5 and macOS 12.4. In addition, some websites did not load properly.
For me, it helped to close all open tabs and restart Safari.

I agree - I can not reproduce this on several machines I have available for testing without needing to close tabs or restart the app.

I don’t understand the comment by @Tetsujin that "you never opened a search page" when that is literally what Safari is doing when using the address bar to search Google. You search in Safari, Safari opens a Google search results page, therefore this page should be in your Safari history and Safari should go back to this page when hitting the back button after clicking on one of the results. This is a bug, plain and simple, and is not Safari's expected behavior.
My understanding is that Safari does not generate a full Google search results page "on the fly" or do any search at all other than open a search page. This to me is obviously a very annoying bug.

It is unclear how your answer resolves the problem in the OP.

I too don’t understand what you are saying Braden. Doesn’t safari on macOS have a setting to include search results in the app and spotlight itself without causing a web page to display? It’s called quick results and causes people problems when they want to block a web page and the search API gets called behind the scenes.

Also +1 for offering a post to clarify the issue - even if it’s not a direct answer (according to my opinion/understanding at the moment), it may help us all agree on terms and what’s happening.

@bmike the question's not about spotlight. The behaviour is that in Safari itself, often searching from the omnibar loads a google results page (in Safari!) that doesn't enter the browser history. I tested just now and it did this time, but often it doesn't.

I think you’re mistaken in terminology @theonlygusti but this is pretty obscure. https://support.apple.com/guide/safari/change-safari-preferences-ibrwcd8bc28e/mac Safari has Smart Search Field which includes spotlight in two places. 1) Safari Suggestions can come from spotlight 2) Quick Website Search uses Spotlight. I’m not saying you are opening spotlight GUI but the backend results still are present in Safari Omni bar by default.

@bmike No, theonlygusti is correct, I'm here because I have the same issue, and it's extremely annoying. I'm not talking about Spotlight, the Smart Search Field, or Quick Website Search. I'm talking about using the Safari address bar to navigate to Google, click on a result, and then when using the back button, the Google search result page is skipped and the new tab page is opened instead.

I'll put up a proper answer @IsaacMoore - I think we're no longer addressing the main point which looks to be some extension / setting and not that Safari isn't dropping history events for searches.

I was not able to find a way to reproduce your issue, but rather than continue in comments on another answer, I'll stake a proper answer so we can edit it into shape.

Google puts one entry into my history for each "search" and then press enter (two searches produce two history entries)
Duck Duck Go puts two entries (two searches produce four history entries)

You may be on to something where the "second" entry is being suppressed on your specific profile or there's a setting to suppress it. If my theory is valid - you might only get one entry for Duck Duck Go and zero for google.
To reproduce my results - clear all search history and then toggle off all the items except Include search engine suggestions (although I don't see any of these settings below changing my results)

Here is what google search for two phrases shows in my history - first using Google - then using Duck Duck Go

I wonder if people that lack these history events have extensions or settings that may be affecting this. A quick way to isolate that would be to make a new user on your Mac and repeat the quick test above.


text:
Save all macports packages of Big Sur and install them or upgrade them into new macport packages manager of Monterey OS
I have just upgraded my macBook pro 16" from Big Sur to Monterey.
The issue is that I have tried to save all the macports that I had previously on Big Sur but I get an error :
$ sudo port -qv installed > myports.txt
Error: Current platform "darwin 21" does not match expected platform "darwin 20"
Error: If you upgraded your OS, please follow the migration instructions: https://trac.macports.org/wiki/Migration
Error: /opt/local/bin/port: Failed to initialize MacPorts, OS platform mismatch

port selfupdate
Error: Current platform "darwin 21" does not match expected platform "darwin 20"
Error: If you upgraded your OS, please follow the migration instructions: https://trac.macports.org/wiki/Migration
OS platform mismatch
    while executing
"mportinit ui_options global_options global_variations"
Error: /opt/local/bin/port: Failed to initialize MacPorts, OS platform mismatch

I would like to install the new version of macport for Monterey but I don't know how to save all the /opt/local/* packages of previous macOS Big Sur macports.
Could anyone see a fix to keep all my macports packages with Monterey OS ?

The official Macports migration instructions are here https://trac.macports.org/wiki/Migration
They suggest installing the new Macports version before running the port -qv installed  command - thus you should not get that error.
Personally I run the port -qv installed  command whilst still on the old macOPS and then do the OS and macports reinstallation


text:
How to completely uninstall Mail.app and related data?
How can I delete Mail.app and associated data (like cached emails and mailboxes) from my laptop?
Then, how can I reinstall a fresh version of Mail.app?

Why would you need to remove the application?

@MarcWilson because searching and finding flagged emails don't work

Have you rebuilt the mailboxes? What macOS does your machine have?

This is an XY Problem - the X has already been posted - https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/435234/how-to-get-mail-search-to-work

Since the data (preferences, mails, and related metadata) won't change if you delete the app, there really is no point in deleting Mail.app. It will not fix your problem and on macOS 11+ is likely to cause even bigger problems. A quick way to check whether clearing your data fixes the issue: create a new user account on your Mac and then set up your mail account there. If it works, you can try to reset the mail related data on your main account. If it doesn't fix it, then there might be a bug in Mail.app (reinstalling wouldn't fix it; only an update would).

@DarkDust my question does literally ask "How can I delete Mail.app and associated data (like cached emails and mailboxes"

I understand that, but as Tetsujin already wrote, this question looks like an XY problem: you actually want to solve a different problem (Mail misbehaving, search doesn't work?), don't you? One part of your question (deleting Mail.app) won't help you. I just wanted to suggest a quick way to check whether you actually stand a chance to solve your "original" problem, or whether it's an Apple bug for which you have to wait for an update.

To remove, and then redownload, a macOS default app is impossible.
Removing default apps, such as Podcasts.app, Mail.app, etc, can be made possible by 3rd-party or open-source applications such as this, but doing so can void the warranty of your copy of macOS (stopping you from getting more updates, etc). It is also possible to accidentally delete vital system files this way, and I personally do not recommend it.
Once you have deleted a preloaded application in this way, you cannot reinstall the official Apple version (which will get updates, etc) because it's not meant to be uninstalled, much less reinstalled. There is no public download.
There is a workaround:
This is a little more drastic, however, but you can uninstall and reinstall a fresh copy of macOS. Move files to an external device, reset the laptop, and reinstall macOS, then move your files back. This is a bit of a nuisance and can be finicky, however, so if there is any way to avoid this method, then it is advisable to do so. (For example, if the problem is irrelevant enough or ignorable, then ignore it.)
For instructions on how to reinstall a fresh copy of macOS: Apple's instructions

Thanks to SIP, Mail.app cannot be removed from /Applications in recent versions of MacOS.

On macOS 11 Big Sur and up, the default apps live in the Sealed System Volume (I think it actually started in 10.15, but not sure). Trying to remove these apps is now much harder and you can break your system (meaning: it won't boot anymore). The instructions of the linked GitHub repo thus don't even work with Big Sur.

Try rebuilding your Mailbox. It will take some time, depending on the size of the mailbox. The following link from Apple should help you.
https://support.apple.com/guide/mail/rebuild-mailboxes-mlhlp1227/mac

If rebuilding the Mailbox doesn’t resolve the issue, delete the e-mail account and reinstall that (the account).  If it is IMAP or Exchange, all messages will be re-downloaded from the server.

I have already tried both


text:
What's the difference between emptying the trash and securely emptying the trash?
The trash command has these two options:
-e  Empty the trash (asks for confirmation)
-s  Securely empty the trash (asks for confirmation)

What's the difference?

-bash: trash: command not found. What kind of command is this, where did you install it from? Did you reach out to the author of it for clarification?

@nohillside turns out it's a brew install trash one, i forgot that

I think since El Cap you can only get to Secure Empty Trash in a spinny rust HD, not an SSD… as there's no way to ensure secure delete on an unencrypted SSD.

Anyway, closely related: https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/132982/whats-the-difference-between-empty-trash-and-secure-empty-trash?rq=1. And kind of irrelevant nowadays as the functionality is not part of recent versions of macOS any longer.

Ah, https://github.com/ali-rantakari/trash then. Which just calls Finder to empty the trash (see trash.m, line 224).


text:
how do I resolve module_init function definition file not found on terminal start up?
When I start Terminal this is what comes up
Last login: Sat Jan 22 13:29:23 on ttys000
Users/finngraf/.zshrc:17: module_init: function definition file not found
finngraf@finns-macbook-pro ~ %

A friend showed me how to view the code that's trying to be run
by using nano .zshrc and going to line 17 because that's where the error is
So I run it and get this
# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/Users/finngraf/opt/anaconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.zsh' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)" if [
$? -eq 0 ]; then
    eval "$__conda_setup" else
    if [ -f "/Users/finngraf/opt/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/Users/finngraf/opt/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
    else
        export PATH="/Users/finngraf/opt/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi fi unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<

module_init

as far as I understand the issue is that it can't run this module_init command. I've tried to find out more about it, but I've hit a wall. Can anyone tell me how to resolve the error and maybe tell me what the cause of this issue might be?
I'm running MacOs 12.1 Monterey on A 2020 Mac Pro M1

The ~/.zshrc file is one you control and you make decisions as to what goes in there. You have allowed cond to setitself up in there. You have also either edited the file to add module_init or installed some other software that added that line. If you don't know what installed it then delete the line. Basically you should understand what each line in ~/.zshrc does or at least trust the program that added it - if not then delete it


text:
What does the microphone in the earpiece of an iPhone do?
I found out that my iPhone 11 has 3 microphones.  As far as I know it's the bottom mic that is used for almost all input.  And the rear next to the camera for camera shots only.  But one thing remains, namely what sits in the earpiece.  But what exactly is it used for? Does anybody have an idea.

I found a succinct description on MacRumors

I would like to know which microphone is active with which app?

All three, all the time a mic is needed. One becomes the primary mic,
and the other two are used for noise cancellation.
As for which mic becomes the primary, it's not app-dependent, but
rather use-case dependent.
In regular phone mode, obviously the bottom mic is the primary, with
the rear mic used for noise cancellation. But when you switch to
speakerphone mode, the phone switches between the three mics depending
on where a clear, loud human voice is speaking relative to the phone,
and how the phone is oriented. Same is true for when audio recording
apps are being used.
For video recording, and FaceTime: Primary mic depends on which camera
is being used. Turning on the front-facing camera makes the
front-facing mic the primary. Using the rear camera switches it to the
rear mic.


text:
Show notifications on lockscreen
My iPhone has always been in do not disturb mode.
Before the most recent iOS update, to 15(.2.1), it used to be the case that notifications would show on my lockscreen. Now they never do.
How can I get notifications to appear on my lockscreen again?
To clarify, I would like the same behaviour I had before updating to iOS 15:

notifications pile up onto my lockscreen, but do not make sound or vibration
I never get any kind of pop-up notifications or alert sounds when I have unlocked and am using my phone

so you are you now in do not disturb mode or not?

@X_841 yes I am in do not disturb mode

iOS 15 introduced new features to allow for customizing the appearance and behaviour of apps, notifications and the home/lock screen. This includes the so called "focus" feature. You can now set very specific modes like "work", "sleep", "do not disturb",... and customize the apps shown on the home screen, the notifications and more.
All these settings can be found under settings -> Focus. In your case you'd need to select Do not disturb now and under "allowed notifications" enable apps/people.

It looks like I hav to add them one-by-one, and will have to manually add all future apps and contacts. Also it looks like this will send me notifications even while my phone is not locked. I want to retain the previous behaviour: when i am using my phone, no notifications at all. When I am not using my phone, notifications pile up on lock screen.


text:
How to get cookies.txt for YouTube from Safari?
I want to get my cookies.txt for YouTube so that I can youtube-dl my liked videos playlist.
How can I get my cookies from Safari? Opening the web inspector just lets me view them, I can't see how to download the text file from here.

Safari cookies are located under ~/Library/Cookies. However, they're binary cookies, so you'll have to decode it to human-readable (Netscape equivalent) cookies.
To do so, you would have to install this tool and follow the instruction (I've never used it before, so I don't know if this still works.)
Personally, I'd rather just install Chrome (or a browser that uses Chromium, such as Vivaldi, etc) and use extensions like Get cookies.txt locally, though.

Is it just me, or is the folder empty now? (Safari, v16.0)

@AlexandreCassagne At least on my MBP (Monterey 12.4, Safari 16.0) I have cookies. I think it's just you.

It's empty for me as well on macOS 13.1 (Ventura) and Safari 16.2, and trying to run sudo ls ~/Library/Cookies gives "Operation not permitted"

I have cookies there (Safari 15.5; MacOS 10.15.7).

@LinusUnnebäck You can get around the "Operation not permitted" by by going into System Preferences > Security & Privacy and giving Full Disk Access to Terminal. However, on my machine, after doing this, I've discovered that the folder is empty


text:
Assign caps-lock to change input sources AND remove change input sources from globe key
My M1 MBP has this double function key, the fn/ key in the bottom left corner.

By default it, unfortunately for me, serves 2 purposes

It acts as the old fn key so pressing so for example fn + ▶ = end, fn + ◀ = home, fn + ▲ = Page Up, fn + ▼ = Page Down, etc...

If you have 2 or more input sources (eg, English + Japanese) then it switches between the sources

This has the frustrating experience that, for those unfortunately few people that actually use multiple input sources, in the normal course of using the fn combos above, quite often I end up switching input sources when I don't want to.
The solution I wanted to try to use was to turn off the  key's "change input source" function and change caps lock to instead be "change input source"
Unfortunately I can't figure out how to do it.
Under System Preferences->Keyboard->Keyboard is the option to make the  key "Do nothing"

And under "Modifier keys" there is the option to set caps lock to be the  key

but unfortunately those 2 seem to in conflict. The first setting to make the  key "Do nothing" means that setting caps lock to  does nothing. Keeping  as "change input source" and setting caps lock to be  means caps lock changes input sources but the actual  key also still changes input sources.
Going over to Shortcuts->Input Sources and trying to "Select the previous input source" doesn't allow me to set it to caps lock.

Is there some other way I can make the fn key not change input sources and make caps lock change input source?

Isn't there a box to check to make Caps Lock switch keyboards in System Preferences > Keyboard > Input Sources?  This only works for switching between Latin and non-Latin keyboards, however, and it's not clear what you need.

I don't see the setting you mention img. Also it's not an option under modifier keys either. img

I don't think it is available with 3rd party keyboards like your Google stuff.  If you had Apple's Japanese IM on the list, you would probably see another box at the bottom for using Caps Lock.

Yes, the Apple Japanese IME has a caps-lock option. But it's irrelevant to the question above. All it does is switch modes inside the Japanese IME. It doesn't switch between input sources

That's not how mine works.  If US is the last Latin keyboard used, then caps lock switches Hiragana or Katakana to the US flag in the top right corner, so it is definitely switching input sources.  Only if you use Romaji last instead of US will caps lock switch to Romaji.  But that doesn't matter if you are using Google IM's anyway.  Google really should offer the caps lock option.  It's available when you make a custom layout for something like Russian in Ukulele.

I would argue Apple should fix this at a higher level rather than every individual IME have to add special options. The solution I was hoping for is that some MacOS guru would tell me which .plist to edit to set the keys the way I want that the SysPrefs has not provided a UI for.

I had the same question today and found that setting at:
Keyboard > Input Sources > Use the Caps Lock Key to...

Hope this helps

It only works with Apple's keyboard layouts, and the OP is using one from Google instead.


text:
How to disable all notification sounds and banner alerts but allow notifications on lockscreen?
In iOS 15 how can I stop all notification noises and stop banner alerts and other types of notification pop-up from ever appearing while I am using the phone, but allow notifications to pile up on the lockscreen so that when I turn my phone on I can see a list of all the notifications that have accumulated since I turned it off?

One option could be scheduling a custom Focus Mode (a variant of Don't Disturb).

You can define who(exceptions) you want to get notified about if they call (only if you want to — don't add anyone for the behaviour you want based on your question)
Mass enable or disable apps when the mode is turned on.
Add a schedule when it kicks in and ends. (if you make it 00:00 to 00:00, I think it will always be on.)

All notifications will only pile up on the lockscreen. Additionally, if you don't want to see the app bubbles you can individually turn them off.
This link could useful.
Steps:

Settings --> Focus --> Click the (+) in the top right -->  Custom -->  Give it a name and icon.
Remove everyone to get previous dnd behaviour --> Allow/Allow None
Remove all apps --> Allow/Allow None
Done
Home Screen --> Hide Notification Badges. (Since you only want it on Lock Screen)
Lockscreen --> (You can dim Lock Screen), Silenced Notification -->"Show on Lock Screen".
Add Schedule or Automation --> Time --> Schedule --> From 00:00 to 00:00. --> Tap every day to select.
Done.

How do I do this? Should I add or remove everyone? How do I make a focus for my phone only?

@theonlygusti I modified my answer, please let me know if that works the way you want it.


text:
Setting to download app updates only when connected to power?
The last 3 days the app using the most power according to my iPhone is the App Store. I'm guessing it's downloading app updates. Is there a setting to only download updates while the phone is charging?

low power mode should work

Yes.   Turn on low power mode.

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT205234

Hmmm, I don't really want the merf the entire phone experience just to turn off app downloading

I honestly can’t tell when it’s on, so there not much “merf” -  if you don’t like that, I suppose turn off automatic updates. Those are the only two levers you have afaik


text:
What's the correct file to store environmental variables for zsh?
I'm a bit confused as to how all of this works. Seemingly every tutorial tells me something different. So far there's about 4 different files I can add environmental variables to:
.zshrc
.profile
.zprofile
.zshenv
Which file should I be adding environmental variables to? So far I've got variables in all of them, along with other things like aliases.
Does it really matter, or is there a proper standard to follow?
Edit: Question closed due to it being 'opinion-based'. To clarify, please only provide factual answers, and not opinions.

The initial version of the answer you got actually was just stating an opinion :-)

There is no need to dig into tutorials for this: Just do a man zshall and search for the section labelled STARTUP/SHUTDOWN FILES. From this you learn which files are processed under which circumstances by zsh (it helps drawing a diagram of the different cases on a sheet of paper), and then you will see, where you want to place which definitions, so that it suits best. Mostly, you will distinguish 4 cases: non-interactive login shell, non-interacitve non-login shell, interacitve login shell, interactive non-login shell.

There is a standard as defined in the zsh manual https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Files.html#Startup_002fShutdown-Files
Unfortunately Apple did not read them fully and so for macOS there is a slight difference. Or they tried to provide adding to path only for login sessions but their solution path_helper messes up what the user sets in .zshenv.
The file that the variables in differs as the files are read differently depending on how the shell is launched.
So given the files you list
.profile
Nothing to do with zsh - it is the one file that sh reads. (bash will read this as a login shell if there is no .bash_profile
.zshenv
This file is read by all zsh shells when they start. So any common environment variable should be here.
This include $PATH if you follow the zsh manual; however Apple did not read that and in /etc/zshrc which is read after that they add to and reorder the $PATH
This file is read by scripts.

.zshenv is sourced on all invocations of the shell, unless the -f option is set. It should contain commands to set the command search path, plus other important environment variables. .zshenv should not contain commands that produce output or assume the shell is attached to a tty.

.zprofile and .zlogin
Called at login - this is on each Terminal on macOS but only once on other Unixes

.zlogin is sourced in login shells. It should contain commands that should be executed only in login shells. .zlogout is sourced when login shells exit. .zprofile is similar to .zlogin, except that it is sourced before .zshrc. .zprofile is meant as an alternative to .zlogin for ksh fans; the two are not intended to be used together, although this could certainly be done if desired.
.zlogin is not the place for alias definitions, options, environment variable settings, etc.; as a general rule, it should not change the shell environment at all. Rather, it should be used to set the terminal type and run a series of external commands (fortune, msgs, etc).

.zshrc
This is read in an interactive shell ie when you run the shell to type things in.

.zshrc is sourced in interactive shells. It should contain commands to set up aliases, functions, options, key bindings, etc.

Also in macOS this is the simplest place to alter the $PATH to correct the order that Apple changes with /usr/libexec/path_helper as your change is in one place - however if you want to be complete you can fix path_helper chnages in ~/.zlogin but you would also then need to add your changes in $PATH in another file for non interactive runs as well).

Certainly sheds some light for me on a most confusing area. I only have .zshrc, none of the others. Is that bad? Also, I don't have /etc/path_helper (macOS 12.2).

Sorry I did that from memory and got it wrong I have edited the correct path /usr/libexec/path_helper

Thank you for this. The clears some stuff up for me. I feel like I need to do a course on all this kind of stuff, as my knowledge is clearly lacking when it comes to shells etc

@AaronWright No need for a course. Just learn to read the manuals, for may Unix things especially older ones they are complete. Videos and blogs are often produced by those who do not fully understand the issues and so many are wrong - unfortunately you have to know the issues to be able to see which blogs etc are useful as there is no editing or other quality assurance on the web. Books are likely to be more accurate but even then I suspect many are wrong.

Keeping in line with standards in Bash and .bashrc, you can feel safe storing environment variables for zsh in .zshrc.
Official explanation of load order and purpose of dotfiles are in the zsh man:
STARTUP/SHUTDOWN FILES
       Commands are first read from /etc/zshenv; this  cannot  be  overridden.
       Subsequent behaviour is modified by the RCS and GLOBAL_RCS options; the former affects all startup files, while the second only affects  global startup  files  (those  shown here with an path starting with a /).  If one of the options is  unset  at  any  point,  any  subsequent  startup file(s)  of the corresponding type will not be read.  It is also possible for a file in  $ZDOTDIR  to  re-enable  GLOBAL_RCS.  Both  RCS  and GLOBAL_RCS are set by default.

       Commands  are then read from $ZDOTDIR/.zshenv.  If the shell is a login
       shell, commands are read from /etc/zprofile  and  then  $ZDOTDIR/.zpro-
       file.   Then,  if  the  shell  is  interactive,  commands are read from
       /etc/zshrc and then $ZDOTDIR/.zshrc.  Finally, if the shell is a  login
       shell, /etc/zlogin and $ZDOTDIR/.zlogin are read.

       When  a  login  shell  exits,  the  files  $ZDOTDIR/.zlogout  and  then
       /etc/zlogout are read.  This happens with either an explicit  exit  via
       the exit or logout commands, or an implicit exit by reading end-of-file
       from the terminal.  However, if the shell terminates  due  to  exec'ing
       another  process,  the  logout  files  are  not  read.   These are also
       affected by the RCS and GLOBAL_RCS options.  Note  also  that  the  RCS
       option  affects  the saving of history files, i.e. if RCS is unset when
       the shell exits, no history file will be saved.

       If ZDOTDIR is unset, HOME is used instead.  Files listed above as being
       in /etc may be in another directory, depending on the installation.

       As /etc/zshenv is run for all instances of zsh, it is important that it
       be kept as small as possible.  In particular, it is a good idea to  put
       code  that does not need to be run for every single shell behind a test
       of the form `if [[ -o rcs ]]; then ...' so that it will not be executed
       when zsh is invoked with the `-f' option.

       Any  of  these files may be pre-compiled with the zcompile builtin com-
       mand (see zshbuiltins(1)).  If a compiled file exists  (named  for  the
       original  file plus the .zwc extension) and it is newer than the origi-
       nal file, the compiled file will be used instead.

FILES

$ZDOTDIR/.zshenv
$ZDOTDIR/.zprofile
$ZDOTDIR/.zshrc
$ZDOTDIR/.zlogin
$ZDOTDIR/.zlogout
${TMPPREFIX}*   (default is /tmp/zsh*)
/etc/zshenv
/etc/zprofile
/etc/zshrc
/etc/zlogin
/etc/zlogout    (installation-specific - /etc is the default)

Perfect thank you. My question was closed because it was opinion-based (which is incorrect). Thankfully you answered it in time :) I searched the manual but couldn't find anything on this. Searching again, I found it.

-1 as zsh is not bash - it has an improved order of startup files
The correct place for many environment variables is ~/.,zshenv zsh is clearer what the files are for. Also ~/.zshrc is not called in all cases

zsh has an improved order?  Hardly.  zsh takes what bash does and makes it worse.  Far worse.

It is clear to me that semantic file naming for environment variables in zshenv versus bash lacking bashenv as a standard practice, I would objectively call tht an improvement over bash. As to the ordering, would you mind sharing @MarcWilson as to your ideal order and reasoning? I'm here to learn from other developers, especially if we disagree and I assume I may be wrong.

Zsh needs all of zshenv/zprofile/zshrc?  Hardly.  Even bash does not claim to need to replace .profile with a file of its own, even while its developer thinks it needs to have different startup files for login vs non-login shells.

@MarcWilson Understandably that it doesn't "need" them, but it's in the manpages and there must be reasons for such. Following the ZSH developers' own guidance, I answered the question, no opinion included. I was asking for your ideal order and some reasoning, and you seem to have simply given more dogma, I'd still like to get the background and anecdotes behind your conclusions here so that we can record some productive knowledge for future readers of this thread. Is that too much to ask for?

@AaronWright I'm confused why you commented that my answer was sufficient, then accepted the other answer that just restates the same things I said.

Ws just slightly more detailed


text:
Is it possible to disable Sidecar in macOS or iOS?
Is it possible to disable the Sidecar feature on macOS or iOS? I never use it and will sometime accidentally select "Move to [iPad]" when trying to move a window to my other monitor and it locks up my Mac until it timeouts trying to connect to the iPad.


text:
How to download private YouTube videos with Safari as browser?
How can I download my private youtube videos?
I use youtube-dl to download youtube videos normally. To download private videos apparently it needs a cookies.txt which I can't seem to get from Safari 15.
So what methods exist to download private videos from YouTube on macOS without installing a new browser or compiling a Rust application manually?

How about this? Have you forgot you've asked same question before?

@Skye-AT that question seems to be how to get cookies. This question is how to download youtube video on macOS

And that would be using youtube-dl with cookies.txt, I would say it's essentially the same question...

You can easily copy cookies from Safari via the built-in developer tools (which is basically documented on the linked question).


text:
How do I change my username on Zoom, on my iPhone, without logging into Zoom?
I need to change my username in Zoom.  It's incorrect.  I can't log in because I don't have a zoom account.  All instructions I can find on the Zoom website or on other sites (which seem to have scraped Zoom for instructions) require you to log in.

Please clarify your specific problem or provide additional details to highlight exactly what you need. As it's currently written, it's hard to tell exactly what you're asking.

You seem to have to be in a meeting in order to change your username, if you don't have a Zoom account.

Join a meeting.  (You may need a friend to schedule one for you)
Click on/touch Participants
Click on/touch yourself
Click on/touch "rename"
Type the new name
Click done, leave, &tc to close the windows and leave the meeting


text:
Prevent non-admin accounts editing DNS records
Is it possible to prevent any non-admin users in MacOS Monterey from being able to change DNS in System Preferences?
I know that the user is required to enter admin login details when they attempt it, but I'd prefer it if these settings could only be changed when actually logged in to an admin user account.

Technically speaking non-admin users can‘t change these entries, it always requires an admin account to do so. What are you trying to prevent here?

Any restriction you add as an admin can be removed as an admin. You will need to ensure regular users never know the name and password for an admin user in this case.


text:
How can an app be asking for my iPhone's unlock passcode?
This is new, and scary to me, experience.
I wanted to try to use Whatsapp from the web. To do this I was told to open the app on iOS and go to settings->Linked Devices->Link A Device

And then it asks me to enter my iPhone's unlock code

I've never seen this behavior before. IIRC the only times I've seen my iPhone ask for me to enter my passcode is (1) to unlock the phone (2) when I double click the right side button to pay and it can't see my face
What is this feature of iOS that lets an app ask for the iPhone's unlock code. What is happening here? Is this Facebook doing something nefarious or is it some special feature of iOS that I've never encountered before.

This is very much a concern. On the web, it doesn’t take long to see attempts to pop up alerts to phish or steal credentials. Knowing when you’re typing into a trusted process can be very tricky to tell.

Whatsapp is an unusual app in that it will use your phone to send a message so the desktop has to connect to it.

iPhone: Tap Link a Device > OK. On iOS 14 and above, use Touch ID or Face ID to unlock. If you don’t have biometric authentication enabled, you’ll be prompted to enter the pin you use to unlock your phone.

https://faq.whatsapp.com/web/download-and-installation/how-to-log-in-or-out

In Settings->Account->Privacy->Screen Lock the only option is "Require Face ID" and it's off

They have explained in FAQ. I edited the answer.

Thanks. Any idea how I know that display is actually iOS and not just the app putting up a screen that looks exactly the same and then recording my passcode? The other places I put my passcode in (when unlocking the phone, when I double tap to pay) I know are from the OS since only the OS can respond to those gestures but any app can display something that looks like my lock screen in response to a button in their own app

In simple words, whenever any program/app wants to verify you, it will call a function & the os will ask for biometric/passcode and if it's correct; the function returns the calling program a True value and the program proceeds further. These sensitive information are stored securely by OS and are not accessible to any program. If you want to test, you can enter wrong passcode and it will fail. That means it's checking the already stored password and only the system function is allowed to do that. Hope it clarifies.

That didn't really answer my question. My point is the app itself can display a fake "enter your passcode" page and then not use the passcode but send it to their servers "passcode for user123 is probably 432432". Ideally the OS should provide some way to verify the screen is the OS passcode screen, not some fake passcode screen. As I said above, the only times I've seen this screen before are on phone unlock and tap to pay and only the OS can respond to those 2 gestures. OTOH hand, any app can put up a fake passcode screen and AFAICT there's no way for a user to tell if it's fake or real.

I get your point. But if you believe it's a fake prompt by the app, that means the app doesn't already know your password and in that case if you are entering wrong password; it should open with even wrong one as there is no way of validating if it's wrong for a fake pop up.

Ok, so it sounds like anytime a user sees an app present that screen they should first enter a wrong passcode to prove it's the real OS screen. If it fails then it is the OS screen so enter the correct code. If it succeeds on the wrong code then it's a fake screen. Ok, good to know the secure way to handle an app appearing to ask for a passcode


text:
How do I clear cache on KakaoTalk, on my iPhone?
I use KakaoTalk on my iPhone. On Mar 31 2015, @kakaotalk tweeted

Hi @ZephPhillips you can clear up space by going to your KakaoTalk settings and clearing the cache. Hope that helps~

But I found no option to clear cache in KakaoTalk settings on my iPhone. Can someone please list all steps and screenshot them?
I contacted KakaoTalk by completing their online form, but they haven't replied.


text:
Why does Windows 10 still ask me to confirm deletions of files on my iPhone, when it doesn't for files on my hard drive?
I already turned off file delete confirmation for my Windows 10, and this Dialog no longer appears for the files on my C:\ drive.
But after I plug my iPhone into my Windows 10 thru USB, this Dialog still appears whenever I delete a file on my iPhone. Please see screenshot below.
Why does the Delete Confirmation Dialog still appear on my Windows 10, whenever I delete files on my iPhone?
I don't require immediate file deletion. I can happily keep the Recycle Bin as a safety net, so that when I click "Delete", files are moved to the Recycle Bin first and can be undeleted. How can I accomplish this?

You may have the same message with usb drives as windows does not have trash for usb devices like keys or phone. Try shift-delete(from numeric keypad)  on windows to suppress message.

@PtitXav - USB drives behave the same way. Shift/Del prompts an 'are you sure' message.

Probably because there's no safety net - the file will not go to trash, it will be immediately deleted, permanently.
The same happens if you try to 'hard' delete directly from Windows' own desktop using Shift/Del instead of just Del. The same is true of network file delete.

If you change that Properties setting From 'Custom size" to "Don't move files to the Recycle Bin…" then Shift/Del from the internal drives won't ask you. [I can't test whether this will also apply to the iPhone, but it ought to follow a similar rule-set.]
WARNING: Toggling this will remove the recycle bin functionality — that is, the recycle bin will no longer operate. If you want to remove any 'are you sure' messages for a permanent delete, you have to beware the consequences.

doesn't this mean the recycle bin will not work anymore? What if the user would like to continue using the recycle bin?

Correct. Toggling this will remove the recycle bin functionality. If you want to remove any 'are you sure' messages for a permanent delete, you have to beware the consequences.

thanks. can you please see the para. that I added to my edited post, just above the screenshot?

Windows can't do that. It can't do it for networked drives or USB sticks either. The iPhone mounts to Windows like a USB stick.


text:
Make my toggle-input-source shortcut always toggle input source
If there are only two input sources and the next-input-source shortcut is cmd alt space, then

cmd space to open spotlight
cmd alt space to toggle input source
cmd alt space to toggle input source
cmd space to close spotlight

The second not the original input source is now selected. It should be the first.
This is almost definitely a bug because this doesn't happen with the original ctrl alt space next-input-source shortcut.
However, is there a way to keep this keyboard shortcut and make it work correctly every time?

You can specify a shortcut to select the previous or next input source (which will do the same thing if there are only two) in System Preferences.
Go to Keyboard > Shortcuts > Input Sources and enter a shortcut there