text:
How to check that my Phone supports MicroSd Card SDXC UHS1 Bus Speed U30 card or not?
My device manufacturer technical specifications say that Expandable storage supported is of 128GB FAT32 hope its slots must be supporting SDXC form factor not SDHC form factor and UHS1 U3 BUS SPEED
I want to purchase a card of 64GB or 128GB for my device and want to pre-confirm before purchasing
I have readed  answer to the question  microsd Speed necessary that UHS  class U3 is not supported in all type of phones
and link of    Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD_card#BUS
also say that

"Older host devices generally do not support newer card formats, and even when they might support the bus interface used by the card.."

and link of   Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD_card#Bus
also say that

"Use of UHS requires that the host device command the card to drop from 3.3-volt to 1.8-volt operation and select the 4-bit transfer mode."

This all confused me  so I want to confirm with online and other site whether integrated sdcard reader / host controllers specification  but  nothing could be founded for android and specially for my device
I want to know will the Micro SD-Card slot/host controller  will able to detect SDXC UHS1 Bus speed class U3 cards or not and if detected can it perform on good speed or not?

SDXC UHS cards are always backward compatible, see Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD_card#Compatibility_2 And also the UHS 1/2/3 description. There you can see for example that UHS2 card just have additional contacts that are ignored in older readers.

Similar situation: https://android.stackexchange.com/q/217557/218526

@Robert readed the wikipedia link `Older host devices generally do not support newer card formats, and even when they might support the bus interface used by the card..:'  thats why i m confused as i have android lolipop 5.1.1 and the device manufacturer say it supports 128GB fat32 cards ....i want to know that is the slot of my phone old host SDHC  or a UHS slot.... will it UHS1 be detected .. if yes then will it work in bus speed   UHS1 (109 Mbps bus speed) and U30 (30MBPs speed)...can it be seen on slot or any tool app command  to check the bus speed  supported.... uhs2 have more pins

@IrfanLatif Similar situation: android.stackexchange.com/q/217557/218526 – asked about the  capcity and  my  question is regarding bus speed UHS1 u3

`Older host devices generally do not support newer card formats, and even when they might support the bus interface used by the card..:' That statement is about SDHC/SDXC cards, not UHS. If your manual mentions 128 GB cards then it is has to have an SDXC reader.

@Androidquery the common point is: vendors don't reveal in detail the exact capabilities of host controllers they use in their devices. And the common conclusion is: no one is able to answer your question for sure unless they have tested the same SD card with the same device. // It's not always necessary to get a word to word answer, situations can be perceived from similar situations. You'll find scores of similar questions without any conclusion on web and this community as well.

Duplicate of: Support for Ultra High Speed MicroSD cards

@Robert thank kindly post copy your comment to answer so I can vote or accept it

@IrfanLatif buddy thanks y u always mark my question duplicate it's good I read other links and I get some more knowledge... But the link u send asked for Motorola which supports  32gb SHDC card and my device supports 128 GB must be SDXC  card just want to confirm will it work in bus speed of uhs1 and u3 30mbps.. so it's different scenario

If your phone specification state that it can support sd card >32gb (recent phones have support like 128gb, 512gb, 1tb or 2tb), then it supports SDXC.
Otherwise if it only supports 32gb and below, it only supports SDHC since there are no SDHC cards that has greater than 32gb of storage.
Regardless of the UHS-1 class, your phone can still detect micro SD cards that is SDXC compatible since it only specifies the card speed, not the compatibility. At the moment, no phone supports UHS-2 cards (not to be confused with UHS-1 class 2 or U2) but you can still use it since it is backwards compatible - though, you will not gain the optimal speed of that card.
Hope this helps!


text:
How to infuse/push/modify/install busybox SU in twrprecovery.img for getting root privilages commands?
Question :How to infuse/push/modify/install busybox SU in twrprecovery.img for getting root privilages commands
I want to take backup restore flash  change some  PM Package management and SM storage Management settings of my android 5.1.1 /6.0 mobile phone  through adb shell commands or through twrp terminal without installing twrp or SU or rooting mobile device

Firstly  I want to take backup of  mobile system.img userdata.img through  adb pull command and then recover write back adb push

My concerns related to first :
a. As adb pull reads and copy data  but adb push writes on the device
b. Will adb push work without rooting mobile phone without root privilages.
c. If phone bricked or something gets wrong while rooting and phone is not rooted then will adb push work or not.
Steps of commands using for backup of device
    Adb devices
    adb reboot bootloader
    adb pull /dev/block/mmcblk0 mmcblk0.img
    Adb push mmcblk0.img /dev/block/mmcblk0 mmcblk0.img

Using PM package manager on unrooted mobile android 5.1.1 with following commands but error
Adb devices
adb reboot bootloader
adb shell pm set-install-location 2
adb shell pm get-install-location

Error of command

/sbin/sh: pm: not found

what I understood from above error means that  PM binary  command file  is not available in /sbin/sh/ folder as phone is not rooted  so what I think if I put these binary files or install busybox within twrprecovery.img before loading  and run  temporary pm command so that I don't have to root  the device and temporary set the changes in device.
If it's possible then kindly share the link for step by step procedure
for modifying twrprecovery.img before booting in pc computer windows as I am new novice to adb shell Linux commands

Thirdly As whenever I run  SM storage manager command adb shell  following command on unrooted android 6.0 mobile from it gives following errors
Adb devices
adb reboot bootloader
adb shell sm has-adoptable
adb shell sm set -force- adoptable true

It gives following errors

/sbin/sh: sm: not found

what I understood from above error means that  SM binary  command file  is not available in /sbin/sh/ folder as phone is not rooted  so what I think if I put these binary files or install busybox within twrprecovery.img before loading  and run  temporary pm command so that I don't have to root  the device and temporary set the changes in device.
If it's possible then kindly share the link for step by step procedure for modifying Twrprecovery.img before booting in pc windows as I am new novice to adb shell Linux commands

Now if boot in fastboot mode and run twrprexovery.img or cwgmod recovery.img with these commands and then in twrp or cgmod terminal windows can I run busybox or Super user or PM SM command
Adb devices
Adb boot bootloader
Fastboot boot twrprecovery.img

Secondly the whole ideas is that I want to virtually temporary use twrp terminal with busybox or Super user binary  to execute services packages like PM (package manager)  SM (storage manager) within from twrp recovery menu terminal (loaded in fastboot boot twrprecovery.img mode). Or adb sideload If it's possible technically feasable. If yes then can we modify  twrprexovery.img and infuse insert busybox in it before loading or after loading.

Thirdly  I don't want to install twrp or busybox or any super user binary  file inside mobile device and don't want to install anything inside mobile except the changes alteration of settings done after execution of SM PM commands. That is I want to execute PM SM from within twrprecovery.img

On the devices I know adb reboot bootloader boots into bootloader mode. Bootloader mode means fastboot mode. And if device is in fastboot mode only fastboot works, but not adb. See https://android.stackexchange.com/q/221634/2241

Sorry but yout question doesn't make much sense. There are some random pieces, not clear what you are trying to do. At least you need to understand the difference between normal Android OS vs. fastboot/bootloader mode vs. recovery mode. pm, sm and other similar commands are interfaces to access Android's services like Package Manager, Storage Manager etc. And Android OS is not running when you are in bootloader or recovery mode. So these services aren't running either.

Does this answer your question? How to make full stock ROM backup before rooting and recover from image if bricked while rooting?

@IrfanLatif bro thanks a lot for a comment after long time...yes what I want to do is run PM (package manager) SM (storage manager) in  bootloder mode without pushing in device just want to temporary run set values and exit. As PM (made for andorid 4.0 kitkat) binary is not available in android 5.1 after rooting  and  SM (available in android 6 marshmellow) so either pushing binary in device want to run virtually from twrp recovery image or busy box in twrp terminal window if possible

@alecxs bro thanks to answer again  just to clarify that questions I tried to modify twrpr recovery image as you answer there but was not suceedul just sarted a new thread to clarify and get more suggestions advice opinion from experts. If posible or not if yes then how any tricks to do it. As twrprexoveey image ia giving eroor of mount 0 may be encryption error. Want to try if  it works or not. Your answers was okay gr8  in that question but for novice it's little tricky I m still trying to get some simple links step by step

as already stated sm is not even a binary How to use an external sdcard as internal in Android Lolipop 5.1.1? therefore (as already stated too) one can't run sm/pm in recovery mode. furthermore no su required because twrp shell is already root. regarding ramdisk modifications there is step by step instructions (osm0sis AIK xda thread) what step you are struggling?

@alecxs bro okay thanx I had not seen AIK link for modifying I will see and study it and try thanks a lot. For sm there is a windows batch file made by someone for muiui mobile don't know if it will work or not see the detail link https://miui.blog/any-devices/sd-card-auto-formatting-tool-windows-linux/

that will format MicroSD as adoptable-storage which is only supported since android 6+

(1) fastboot and adb are completely independent boot modes with different protocol languages. if you messed up aboot you can't unbrick from fastboot. just don't touch it. adb is always available in twrp, there is no problem to restore backup (2) pm, sm depends not on rooting. pm always works in android, but set-install-location is only available android 6+ (3) seen this link before, that will just format MicroSD as adoptable-storage (no root required) which is only supported since android 6+ (you don't have it therefore of no use)

no. have a look into bootStrapServices and think about it. busybox is just supersede/predecessor to toybox (self-hosting core utils) which is default in android

a) adb pull requires root access. This can be achieved by running custom recovery like TWRP.
b) adb push works the same way like adb pull and requires root access (without rooting android).
c) adb daemon only works on booted kernel (android or recovery) therefore not on bricked devices.
Warning: Never write whole mmcblk0 because this contains bootloader and little kernel, therefore fastboot  will not work in case you bricked!
Backup every partition on it's own instead. you will get a full list of symlinks to all partitions from adb
adb shell ls -l /dev/block/bootdevice/by-name

commands for raw backup of device (encrypted)
adb reboot bootloader
fastboot boot twrp*.img
adb pull /dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/boot
adb pull /dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/system
adb pull /dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/modem
adb pull /dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/persist
adb pull /dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/userdata
...

Android service Package Manager pm requires java which is not available in recovery mode.
It might be possible to start java when /system is mounted and even possible to execute pm but still Package Manager will badly crash because of missing framework dependencies.
Someone could figure out all required services and may be able to start them in right order, but that ends up similar to fully booted android and is not worth the effort.

Android service Storage Manager sm is not available in recovery mode for the same reason.
Furthermore adoptable-storage isn't available on Android 5.1.1 regardless it is rooted or not.
It is pointless to copy files like sm.jar from other android version and there is no way to run it from recovery, not even temporary. Integrating adoptable-storage on android 5 will result in compiling custom ROM which requires lot of patience. Anyone who manages this most likely would become a skilled developer during this long troubleshooting period.

su sm pm and busybox are unrelated to each other. None of that tools will help to edit some storage settings in a way to overcome problem 2. + 3.
Furthermore /data is encrypted and storage settings can not edited -offline- until you decrypt userdata or disable encryption (which requires factory reset and modification of boot).

It is possible to temporary push desired binaries like busybox into RAM while in recovery mode, or permanently integrate it in recovery ramdisk by modification of twrp.img
Steps for adding busybox into recovery ramdisk

download twrp.img
download Android.Image.Kitchen.Win32.zip
download Busybox.Installer.zip
disable antivir heuristic and extract the zip files. make sure Android_Image_Kitchen \ android_win_tools \ sudo.exe is not in quarantine
place twrp.img in Android_Image_Kitchen directory
open cmd.exe, navigate to directory and execute unpackimg.bat
copy busybox-arm-selinux binary into Android_Image_Kitchen \ ramdisk \ sbin directory and rename it busybox
execute repackimg.bat

There is no need to root android for doing modifications in boot.img
you can even install custom init.rc script or init.d shell script without installing su or busybox
You can write custom mount script for MicroSD Card sdext2 partition. You can even do all the symlinks offline from twrp recovery adb shell commands.
But this is unusual and over-complicated when one could just install Link2SD as system app and automatized the whole symlink handling.
However, for more information about creating custom init.rc or init.d script refer to
How to run an executable on boot and keep it running?

bro great thanx a lotz just sleeppy just now it's midnight here I will try all in morning still great compiled efoorted answe.bro thanks a lot hope all works fine

bro as you said "adb fastboot daemon only works on booted kernel (android or recovery) therefore not on bricked devices." Then how we can recover use the images if it's bricked...how to get the mobile back if it's bricked

as u you say aboout PM SM command executables that java is needed yes when I tried 3 years before it gave java error but I have seen many articles  forums to use PM SM command without rooting in adb shell one I am sharing  http://www.baatkar.com/2015/12/how-to-install-apps-directly-into-your.html may be PM command was inbuilt in android 4 kitkat and lower versions but not in android 5.1 is there any option to way in android 5.1 or android 6 through any other ways or hacks or tricks or scripts...

SM storage manager can java  JDK installed on pc. some links batch file using   Adb shell sm partition disk:179:160 mixed 25
but works in MI xiomi  mobile unrooted android 5.1.1 or.android 6 https://miui.blog/any-devices/sd-card-auto-formatting-tool-windows-linux/. Another link which says it can be done in android 6 without rooting   https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38044532/how-to-turn-a-portable-sd-card-into-internal-storage-via-adb-command. And another link https://www.bettermobileapp.com/article/12200839/Tutorial%3A+How+to+enable+adoptable+storage+on+an+MIUI+phone+with+Android+6

Can SM PM run in modified old twrp recovery  version with busybox. Is there any other recovery image which have java and service enabled like.CWM TWRP like other recoveries https://maheshtechnicals.com/2020/07/21/best-custom-recovery-for-android/

Bro as busybox I thought will infuse PM SM SU or system commands to twrp or any image and will able to run java and programs as I readed that Busybox allows you or programs to perform actions on your phone using Linux (copied from Unix) commands. Android is basically a specialized Linux OS with a Java compatible (Dalvik) machine for running programs. Is there any other alternative of busy box which canbbe in built in twrp or CWM which make  the temporary run java  and other services to run  PM SM commands in recovery mode

@Androidquery again I don't know what you are trying to do. None of the links you provided mention anywhere that pm or sm commands can be run from TWRP. We've already tried to explain that these are not merely commands (like those provided by busybox or toybox or any other standalone multi-command binary). They are simple CLI tools to conveniently access Android's services which are running in Java stack. It's the whole operating system, not a small program that you can run in recovery. What's the point of recovery if the whole Android OS is running inside it. You've been misguided.

@IrfanLatif bro recovery means to recover the os and troubleshoot I can understand safe mode.or recovery mode can't run all services on boot baa those services may be giving problems  so it's made silent in safe mode or recovery mode but if there is no root previlages administrative rights to modify the setting the. How will admin troubleshoot modify settings in recovery and  as java dependies files or android services as  alecx bro replied can be individually run by mounting system. Is there any recovery or custom rom which is there which can enable or run services java to run SM PM

source: Stack Exchange

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

sort: votes


text:
Is permission elevation still a security issue for end users when updating Android?
Is this still an issue for end users?:
Researchers have determined that the Android update process has a vulnerability that allows permission elevation without user knowledge.
Android allows installed applications, if so designed, to obtain additional capabilities without the owner's consent, just by updating the phone's operating system to a newer version.
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/beware-of-danger-lurking-in-android-phone-updates/

From my understanding this vulnerability only works for updates that introduce new permissions.
Therefore the update from 2.3.6 to 4.0.x which contained a lot of changes had the highest impact regarding this vulnerability.
I have not checked it but my impression of the latest major Android updates is that the major privacy related permissions don't change very often. Therefore even if this had not been fixed by Google the attack surface is relative small.
Additionally at that time only the static APK manifest defined permissions existed. Nowadays Android has the additionaly run-time permission system where the user is been asked to explicitly grant a specific permission to the app at run-time (e.g. sd-card access). This also reduces the impact of such an attack if it would still be possible.

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
How to install recovery for S7 when in bootloop and not recognized by USB
My Samsung Galaxy S7 (SM-G930F) that was installing LineageOS 18.1 is stuck in a bootloop and I can not get into recovery or pretty much do anything. I can, however, get into download mode, but the phone is not recognized by USB connection. (From what I read a year ago, I think that this is an issue with some Samsung Galaxy S7 phones. It has not worked for a while).
Is there a way to install/get in recovery without a USB connection (since the USB is not recognized). The USB connection does put power into the device so the issue is likely with the connection and data transfer.

I was able to drain down the battery and in that manner get into recovery mode.
Update: also realized that the following may work. VolUp+VolDown+Home+Power eventually puts into reboot, and then Jump in and do VolUp+Home+Powerand when Samsung logo comes, let go of power. This is a touch-and-go and may not always work. Needs considerable artistry to make it work.


text:
Info on and removal of COVID contact tracing in Google Play Services
Has anybody had a closer look into this module what it really does?
I want to know if the functionality will work if bluetooth is turned off.
I guess a surefire method to test this would be to remove the SIM, disable all antennas and measure EM radiation (though I'm not sure if there's still cell tower communication with the SIM removed).
Even if the answer above is no: I don't want this software on my Phone.

Is it possible to modify Google Play Services (GPS), remove contact tracing, and
use GPS as usual after? This seems the best option but an update might then again overwrite it.
Root and remove GPS. I have a OnePlus 7. Will everything keep working well except the Google apps of course?
LineageOS maybe but I like OxygenOS a lot..
Other options?

Much would be cleared up if we can see the code. Is this possible?

For more information: Exposure Notifications: Using technology to help public health authorities fight COVID‑19 (comment edited to remove incorrect info about LineageOS with Google Play Service)

sorry but you are using a GOOGLE product and you have accepted policies if you are paranoid you should not use any smartphone at all. CCC has little information

@alecxs i did not accept contact tracing as far as I know.

you have accepted policies on initial setup. google can do everything. its like facebook own all rights on everything you sent with whatsapp. btw you know you can't use google maps without google play services? google was always tracing phones

Even with the latest GApps flashed the Covid-tracer section don't appear in the Google settings on my rooted device. Other stock devices have the Covid-section in Google settings. Therefore e.g. the Swiss Covid app that uses the new API does not work on my rooted device. May be the new tracking API is limited to stock devices (or those that pass the SafetyNet tests?).

@Robert i think SafetyNet because of low security of RKI app. however, my android 7.0 device is rooted with SuperSU but i got it anyway

watch with speed 1.5 x or you will fall into sleep ;) https://youtu.be/jRE0qb4bG1o

@alecxs The linked app has nothing to to with COVID tracking using the new Google/Apple COVID tracking API which is the topic here. That app allows RKI to access to the user's fitness data.

i did not link it, just my toughts RKI started puplic debate about privacy security of COVID apps in common

As @alecxs mentioned in his answer, contacts tracing through new Covid API is not the only thing you should be worried about. If you have been using a phone with GMS for a few months, Google definitely knows more about you than you do. The only working solution is to not use any of the Google products at all. But it's not only Google, do not use Facebook and many other apps which track your IDs and analyze your data for personal profiling and targeted advertisement etc. Selling your data to third parties is also not beyond question, and not even uncommon, I'd say.

The Covid contact tracing in Google Play Services is an API. And according to he documentation this API is working opt-in. By default your device will not track anything.
Also note that "contact" in this context means "a cryptographically random token generated by a different device that was within Bluetooth range at a certain time". No contact data like name is transmitted.
For "activating" this interface you need at least one of the Google certified Covid 19 tracing apps (there can be only one app per country and only public health agency is allowed to publish one).
And in such an app Google enforces that the user has a switch for enabling and disabling the tracking system.
However if you still not trust Play Services with integrated Covid tracking API you should switch to a Custom ROM + OpenGApps. Every device I have tested that uses this combination does not provide the COVID contact tracing API, even if the very latest version of Google Play Services is installed. Hence it seems like the tracing API is generally disabled for Custom ROMS using OpenGApps.
It is still unclear why on some devices with CustomROM and OpenGApps the COVID tracking API is available and on other devices this option does not show up even with latest OpenGApps installed.
You can verify on your own if your PlayService support Covid 19 tracking:
Open Settings -> Google If the first entry in the services list shows you something about "Notifications on encountered Covid 19 infections" than the API is ready to use. If not then every Covid tracking app that wants to use this API will not work (the app will just show the error code 39501).

Do you know if a useful test would be to install a COVID app and see if it reports errors?

An API doesn't tell us what it actually does. It only tells us which functionality is public. In other words, one could toggle off tracking and think: I'm all good now. But who's to say code is not running autonomically in the background, activating your bluetooth without showing it and report back home as soon as there's an internet connection, or even via a green card cell tower channel? I know this is out there. Then again, many things happening today are too.

I just checked my Galaxy S5 and my SM-T713 and both have LOS 16 dated 4/19 with OpenGApps and I have the "COVID-19 Exposure Notifications" listed at the top of Settings -> Google services.

@Paul Do you know if Google Play Services updated before you checked the settings?

These devices have been installed for at least 6 months. My observation is that Google Play Services usually just updates itself whenever it wants to (including over cell service).

@progonkpa Google would be really stupid to collect data even if the user has not activated the tracking: the GoogleServices code is more or less public and the BlueToth beacons can easily be recognized. Therefore earlier or later someone would notice this. And in Europe we have the GDPR - violation can be sued with up to 4% of the firm’s worldwide annual revenue from the preceding financial year. For Google/Alphabet this would be a few billion dollar. Nobody in a commercial company would be so dumb to risk this.

@Robert In normal circumstances I'd agree with you. Now, they'll get green light from governments because of 'the common good'. They attacked our Constitutional rights globally, tracking is the next lock step. Tracking is voluntary atm, though the installation was not. I deem it extremely likely that tracking won't be voluntary soon. That is if all people keep going along with this bs narrative.

@progonkpa Tracking is mandatory if your government has decided so (not if Google does). There are already countries that have it mandatory (some countries in near east) and they decided so before the API was available.

@Robert Yes. So this post boils down to not giving the government the option to track us, via Google, using our own devices.

@progonkpa Tracking on Android was always possible even without the new tracking API. You can simply use Bluetooth to send whatever you like. Hence technically it does not make much difference. France for example has released their apps that do not (and will never) use the Google API because they want a centralized system.

Google Play Services v20.15.15 seems to be the last version before covid tracing was added. Stock phone FW versions released before April 2020 should all have a lower version of Google Play Services - don't update past 20.15.15

Google Play Services introduced user-tracking capabilities in my Android device without my knowledge or consent. I consider this software a user-tracking software (read Google's Software is Malware from Free Software Foundation) which also offers services to third-party app developers to spy on their users. This sordid state of affairs led me to the following solution which disables Google Play Services software, other preinstalled softwares from Google, and their user-spying capabilities.
Instructions in brief that you need to execute:

Transfer all your phones contacts into the phone's SIM card.
Download the APK for alternative browser to Chrome to external sdcard.
Move all the files you want to keep from phone's internal card to the external card.
Factory reset your phone.
Wait for Factory reset.
Skip past Google credentials prompt.
Switch off app permissions.
Delete Google apps like YouTube and Chrome.
Disable and close Google Play Services, and mute error messages about its absence.
Install browser APK from sdcard.
Browse to an independent app store and download replacement apps.

Details

Transfer all your phone's contacts into the phone's SIM card. Your phone is about to be wiped and your connection with Google is about to terminate. (There are working alternatives to everything Google offers, so you'll hardly notice it gone once you've did all this.)

Go to the website of Mozilla or Opera or whatever browser you like. Download the APK of the latest browser from their website. You're not going to install this APK yet. You are going to save this to your SDCARD and install it later. You will need this file and it's the only file you will need.
If you are unable to find the APK on the website you can consider a third-party app store such as APKPURE which is like Google Play Store, except that it's not from Google. See if you can find a decent browser APK as an alternative to Chrome (in my opinion, Google Chrome also tracks your location and reports your movements and contacts to unknown parties).

Go through your whole phone and copy across any files on the phone's internal card to the external sdcard. This can be a time consuming process depending upon how much data is stored in your phone. All the data from the phone's internal memory is about to be wiped in later instructions, so make sure you copy everything important beforehand.

Reset your phone. (Reset only the Internal memory if an option is available to you.) To do this you can go to Settings → System → Reset options, or you can just switch off the phone and switch it back on again whilst holding the Volume Up button.

Wait for Factory reset to complete and for your phone to boot to the device/phone setup screen.

Now that you've reached the First screen, please type in your Google credentials.

Swipe down from the Status bar and click the cog icon to open Settings. Go to Apps and Notifcations, then from there App permissions. Go through all of them and switch all of them to off state right away.

Go back to Apps and Notifications setting. If you see any app from Google just disable it, then force stop the app which is already running in the back ground. Get rid of everything preinstalled by Google before you even start using your new fresh phone, especially the Google Play Services which is essential for disabling removing COVID-19 notification API.
Do note that disabling Google Play Services (upon which insanely high number of third-party apps in Play Store depend upon) means you are going to get some error messages from third-party apps to show up. You can mute such messages because even though they mention that they need Google Play Services to function they actually don't in reality. The benefit to the user is that user-tracking services offered by Google Play Services to third-party apps installed in your phone would no longer be available to such installed apps anymore.
Speaking redundantly here, there would a few error messages that will appear immediately and may pop up occasionally over the course of the month until you have used all the apps you usually do in the course of a month, and until you have caught and dealt with all the error messages as they come up. This will include your phone's dialer app, text messages app, camera app, and basic functional apps. They will all work without Google Play Services

With caveat mentioned in step 8. in mind, go on, disable Google Play Services and force stop it, just like you did that with Chrome, YouTube, Photos, Drive, Gmail, etc. (You will still be able to access Drive and Gmail via your non-Chrome browser whose APK you downloaded earlier.)
Now deal with the error messages. If you click on the error message itself, it raises up the Google Play Services app, expecting you to click Enable. That's not what you want to do. Each error message starts off with the name of the app that generated the error message. Go to Settings → Apps*not. → the actual app that generated the error messages, then click on Notifications. In there find a setting mentioning "Google Play Services notifications" or something to that effect. Switch off these notifications. If this notification toggle isn't there then there's the option of switching off the apps notifications generally.
There will be three or four of these errors to work through right off the bat. Other error messages might pop up later in the day as you use an app for the first time on your freshly factory reset device. Just disable the notification on the app itself. It's unlikely you'll see any error messages after the first hour. Maybe in the first 24 hours you'll have dealt with all of them. Maybe one will pop up in a week, maybe a week. You will find your phone and its apps (non Google) still functions perfectly without Google Play Services, and that the error messages are more like a mutable warning rather than some fatal crash.

Go to Files. Go to your external sdcard and find the APK file you downloaded earlier. Click on it and you'll be asked about installing from other sources. Files is not Google Play Store so, yes, you want to install from other sources - your sdcard will be the primary means of installing software. Click through everything that needs to be clicked to get the browser installed. Now that that's done, you cant start looking for an alternative to Google Play Store.

I use APKPure app store myself but there are a variety of websites which cater toward getting the APK of an app rather than installing from the fancy mechanisms as offered by the likes of Samsung or a Huawei app store. I think some of these stores-by-manufacturer might provide you with an APK store independent of the fact you don't have one of their phones. If you can download the APK from it, then it will work in Android. The one thing you need to suss out is whether your phone is 32 or 64 bit and whether is ARM or x86. If it's x86, sod this whole post and just install a touch screen version of Linux. It's easy and your options are as open as a desktop PC. With ARM there are a few versions of Linux you can install but it's beyond the scope of this text to install it. Have a search for "UserLAnd" (sic) if you want a better version of Linux on your phone than Android but it can get quite technical at the moment.
Most phones are ARM32, but try downloading APKX files. If they work on your phone, then that means you have an ARM64 chip in your phone.
You probably want APKs to use email. Search email apps in your choice of app store. In the app, you can fill out your Gmail address on the create account screen and most email clients will fill out the server details automatically. There's a Google help page about setting up your email client manually with correct SMTP, POP3, IMAP, etc., kind of stuff if the email app you chose doesn't do it for you. I used AqualMail which doesn't rely on Google Play to function. As an alternative to an app, you can use Gmail, Hotmail, Outlook, Yahoo, etc., directly through your browser.

That's the end of the tutorial.

Hello Stephen. I took the liberty to edit your answer to remove those parts of the text which didn't address the question but went into the territory of opinions and legality of acts of corporations. We are a Q&A platform focused on technical subject matters. Opinions and legal issues are outside the scope of our website (see [help/on-topic]). I encourage you to use our dedicated communities [law.se] and [opensource.se] if you have questions around legality of acts of corporations or suspect violation of GNU GPL 2.0...continued...

...You can also try open-ended discussion platforms such as Reddit and XDA Forums, or our [chat] to express yourself better if opinions are in need to be given expression to. You can link to such discussion in this post of yours so that interested readers can read or participate in such discussion. This keeps our site stayed on-course but also allows our community members the liberty to express themselves and read opinions of others.

Would you remove your edit please. Your opinion that I should provide no opinion is frankly insulting. Before "we" are anything, "we" are all contributors but your standing on my toes pal. I dont take the huge amount of effort you've went to in altering my words too kindly, especially with all thats happenned in terms of internet freedoms that this topic is central to. That our views on why we would remove the malware is essential for others being fed google garbage to understand as part of the process of restoring online privacy in spite of google. Uninterested in your opinion deleting mine.

@StephenDuffy Stack Exchange is an objective/factual Q&A site. We discourage personal opinions as much as we can. You may hate Google and Apple as much as you can, that is your rights, but this site is not the place to express anyone's opinion. The original wording was all over the place that some were not suitable for SE and even insulting to some people, and that may breach the Code of Conducts which your answer might get flagged as rude and deleted completely instead. Frankly, the edit saved your answer, or we had to remove it otherwise.

Contact tracing is not the only way a user can be tracked and mass-scale user tracking has been in motion for a long time. Some examples:

On Replicant, it is argued that Samsung Galaxy devices running proprietary Android versions come with a back-door that provides remote access to the data stored on the device..
Keith Collins of Quartz says that Google collects Android users’ locations even when location services are disabled.
Lindsworth Horatio Deer on his blog posted that NSA can hack the Baseband Processor and control your smartphone even when the phone is switched off.

One mitigating measure against Google Play Services' tracking is to root your device and use app like cn.wq.disableservice. With this you can have control over GMS and block single actions, like prevent GMS from updating itself. It's painful to understand all the things but it should be technically possible to block data transfers.

This however would not be sufficient. You are already being profile/tracked when you are using:

proprietary software or services (such as Android OS as shipped by an OEM);
various services such as cloud syncing of personal/private data;
real-time text to speech translation -- your audio could be getting saved onto the cloud. You can see some of that data collected by Google here;
maps with real-time live traffic data.

Some services/software, such as Google Play Store, even force this tracking by requiring the user to sign in to use the product. Furthermore, a staggering number of Android apps use some sort of analytics such as Firebase.

credits: @IrfanLatif + Firelord

Apps can enable/disable their components at any time. Unfortunately disabling app components doesn't work with many of Google apps.

https://kojenov.com/2020-09-15-hisilicon-encoder-vulnerabilities


text:
How to install apps to SD card with low internal storage - adoptable, app2sd, Xposed?
I’ve spent hours today trying to install an app on my 9.0 phone.
App size: ~1.5gb
Internal storage: 13/16gb.
SD card (formatted to adoptable): 4/64gb
I’ve read answers here explaining why it won’t work, others mentioning symlink or terminal commands, and others talking about link2sd and root options.
Basically I have a lot of outdated and incomplete answers from here, with no real verified recent solutions.
I thought this would be a simple search but I’m trying to get a conclusive answer before spending another day fiddling with my phone.
Too bad I can’t use my Stack Overflow rep for a bounty. Thank you fine people for your time.
(If anyone knows a definitive rooted and unrooted solution then hopefully this answer can help someone else looking for a 2020 response.)

all newly installed apps will go to adoptable-storage automatically

Adoptable Storage and Apps2SD/Link2SD are working solutions (at least up to Android 9) with their pros and cons. Not sure about Xposed. For details see How to free Internal Storage by moving data or using symlink / bind-mount with Adoptable Storage? and How to move apps from internal to external storage?. Make the question more specific if you find something missing or not working or if you have a specific requirement.

@alecxs the adoptable storage does not work. I am getting insufficient storage error with the prompt to delete. I’ve tried reformatting and ensured it was adoptable multiple times

@IrfanLatif the specific question would how to get the adoptable storage to work properly, since I cannot install any apps due to insufficient storage errors. I saw the answers you linked to earlier

That's answered in linked questions. Note installLocation. But I'm not sure if app is directly installed to SD card (or moved after installation) if installLocation is set to preferExternal or auto. I personally never used Adoptable Storage, except for testing.

@IrfanLatif I had read that answer earlier but it seems like I was just looking for something More clear like “use bind mounts, here is the terminal command” I’ll give it a go tomorrow

have you ever tested free up storage (moving DCIM to PC, uninstall updates or apps)? if you uninstall, then install, it is installed to adoptable-storage. bear in mind the reason for playstore not installing apps might not be related to actually storage


text:
Root my oreo device?
I have some experience with rooting, upgrading, installing twrp and another stuff.
My phone is Samsung Galaxy J7+ with (oreo).
Btw, based on some articles that i've read, it's too risky if i want to root my device in os 8.1 (oreo).
And i just want to make sure if i can still make it.
When i'm rooting my device as far as i know, i need twrp (tar files and installing this will need ODIN) and in this case i want to use superSU, bcz i have bad experience with Magisk and anyway i just want superSU. And i don't really remember if installing twrp and rooting my device will cause my internal data to be erased or not.
And i've seen some videos on YT explaining another alternative without twrp, that is using cmd or whatever but please don't suggest me to use this way cz it looks complicated and i doubt if i can do that. Another way is using "KingRoot". But it doesn't work when i tried it on my device with os 7.0 (Nougat). It seems KingRoot only work on the old os?
Back to my main question, So to make it easy, i'll list my questions :

Is it possible rooting device with os 8.1 (oreo)?
Will my internal data get deleted if i install twrp and root?
How to root my device without losing my internal data?

Hope you can help me.
Actually i'm frustated bcz i accidentally deleted some files a month ago and lost my important photo. And there is no way except rooting my device to get back my deleted photo.

yes 2. yes 3. no way

Installing TWRP is not a technical requirement for rooting but usually the rooting methods are designed to be easily usable through TWRP. Similarly erasing data is not directly related to TWRP or rooting, but unlocking bootloader is usually the prerequisite which erases data (on most of the devices). But the situation vary for different devices, even for same device sometimes. The possibility to root a device usually depends on if the bootloader is unlockable and if the device got community's attention so that TWRP and rooting methods are available.

Does this answer your question? Is there a way to root an Android phone without unlocking the bootloader?

Why are the rooting apps like KingRoot not working anymore?

https://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=3747535


text:
How to remove uninstalled app?
I know the title might sound strange, but it does happen on my phone (Samsung). As you can see here, these apps can't be viewed (opened), uninstalled, nor hidden because they don't exist and never be installed on my phone.

Initially, those apps came from a system app called Configuration update. It's been uninstalled by LADB, but why those annoying apps still exist (not really exist, but they just appear like that)?
My best thought to solve this problem is installing those apps and then hide it. But I will never install those apps. This is my least possibility that I could think of. Do you have better idea?
Thanks in advance!
P.s. I had never installed the apps in the first place. Before I uninstalled the Configuration update, there were logo of each app (such as bird for twitter, note for tiktok, etc. not those identical android logo) but the apps still gray and when they've been uninstalled, the apps are still gray like that.

By "LADB", did you mean this app? If so, what commands did you use to uninstall the system apps? Is the device rooted?

@AndrewT. Exactly. Yes that app. My app is unrooted. I saw on youtube. I believe it's  (pm uninstall --user 0 ). Did I do something wrong?

I'm sorry I mean, my phone is unrooted. Lol.

Ah, I see. I have never used that command, but based on this XDA article and this comment, that command only uninstalls the app for the main user, making it unavailable only. It's impossible to uninstall system apps completely without root access. As for hiding them from the app launcher, it may be still a valid question though.


text:
An app Can't be connected to Facebook
I installed an app (GRE preparation) from Play Store, but when I tried to log in, this message appeared:

For your account security, logging in to Facebook from an embedded
browser is disabled. You may be able to continue by updating the app
you're logging in from and trying again.

The app is the latest version and it works fine on my another device (Android 8.1, the one I'm using is 11). How to solve this problem? I've tried some tips I got from YouTube without success. I ask this as a general question, because I also encountered this problem when I installed another app, that means, the problem is on my phone.
Link app: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.galvanizetestprep.vocabbuilder

Looks like this is not something that an end-user can fix, since it's developer-related: Meta for Developers - For Your Account Security Logging Into From An Embedded Browser Is Disabled. One of the posts linked to an announcement about Deprecating support for FB Login authentication on Android embedded browsers since October 5, 2021.

Perhaps the one on Android 8.1 is still working because you have logged in with your Facebook account before the deprecation. I don't want you to risk this, but if you log out on Android 8.1, then try to log in again, I'm afraid you will face the same issue.


text:
Logging into Facebook from any apps , but through a browser
Problem:
So, my problem here is there's an app (for convenient reason we don't talk about the name of the app) that when I login to the app, it will always be directed to the Facebook that I have installed. The Facebook itself wasn't installed by default, so that I had to install it from Play Store, that means by default (without any help), this Facebook can't be disabled.
I'm talking about a system app or whatever its name. I.e. the system app usually has this button below, my phone with android 8.1 has this button on the Facebook, but my phone with android 11 doesn't

The thing is, whenever I login, it will fail to be connected to Facebook, please see the screenshot below:

So, somehow, I need the app to be always directed to the browser instead. First of all, of course, I need to login to Facebook in a browser, afterwards I want, when I login to the app, it will be directed to the browser that I've logged in, instead of to the installed Facebook app, which will usually happen.
How to do that? I've contacted the developer about this problem but haven't got answered. I'm sure it's possible, because when I uninstall Facebook, it will be directed to the browser. But I don't want to uninstall my Facebook. Is it possible to be done without root?
I'm thinking of using Appcloner. This app has a feature directing the app to web.

I'm not a fan of cloning app, though. I just don't like it. Do you have any ideas as to how to solve this problem without cloning the app, uninstalling my Facebook, rooting?

Unpack apk, search and replace the string and repack Also there's an app that can change link behaviour

Thanks, which app exactly? Other than the app cloner?

While this might work, mind to explain how that's done? Not all our users are tech-savvy. While on it, please also include what this means to app updates.

@user516076 does WLFX's suggestion work?

@AndrewT. Honestly I've no Idea. I've searched on YT and Googled all the possibility apps but I haven't found how. My best way to do this, though, it isn't what I want, is uninstalling Facebook.


text:
Where is hidden additional data of an app stored?
This question came to my mind when I installed Oxford Dictionary. It's strange that I couldn't see the additional files (audio, dictionary, and pictures) in an unrooted device. This app has a base app (idk what it's called) and it will download the additional files through the app (these files are not automatically downloaded when the app's installed from playstore).
The reason I need to know the storage placement is, so I could copy the additional files and paste to let's say SD Card or OTG memory stick and ditto to my other device, so that I needn't download it again because the file is quite huge.
The problem is I couldn't find it anywhere. Is it because my phone is unrooted since it's probably stored in deep storage that requires root to modify it? If that so, at least, when I check the properties of the storage of the app i.e. that is placed in Android > data, (the name of folders are usually started by "com. xxx") the file size shows 0 kb that means nothing's there. At first, I assume it happens because my device is unrooted and I came across with this discussion here that I can actually see the root files (using MiXplorer), but I can't modify it. Well, even if I couldn't modify it, at least, I should be able to see them. However, I've searched the files everywhere and I still couldn't find them. What's the problem?
It says there that it's stored in internal storage and usually oxford products are saved in Android / data / package name

However, this is what I mean when the file size is 0 and there's nothing in there. I'm using MiXplorer btw and I've tried to check in root storage.

Anyway, Is it possible to find and copy the hidden additional files? Using app or maybe with the help of PC using certain software I can?

Does this answer your question? Where Android apps store data?

@IrfanLatif unfortunately no. The discussion doesn't answer my problem as to why the listed package folder shows 0.

Does this answer your question? Transfer Android app with offline data to NEW PHONE without ROOT

Does this answer your question? How do you extract an App's data from a full backup made through "adb backup"?

@user516076 please read my answer completely including the comments.

Sorry guys. But I think you've misunderstood my question. I don't need to backup nor I still couldn't find the reason whythe size shows 0. But thanks for your attempts trying to help me. I've even clicked all those blue links from the answer and the comment and there is no a sentence explaining as to the problem I'm having. I only need to copy the file without backing up and do complicated things.

@user516076 I think you misunderstood the other posts. You don't need root to modify the app data in internal storage (/data/data respectively /data/user/) you need root to see those files! No root no access to those files. If both phones are running Android 11+ then may be the Android device migration wizard is able to migrate these data when connecting old and new device via USB but that is just an unconfirmed  theory (did not had this case in reality).

@Robert no sir. I mean. I can't modify the file that's probably stored in root/deep storage/system/whatever idk the name.

Use adb from a PC connected via USB to the phone. Check if you can copy the files. As a user on an unrooted device adb gives you the highest permission you can reach for reading and writing files.

@Robert ok thanks for the suggestion. I'll try

Is it possible to find and copy the hidden additional files? Using app or maybe with the help of PC using certain software I can?

yes, if your device has previously unlocked bootloader and Magisk installed, you can read/check size of
/data/user/0/com.oup.elt.dicts.bilingual/files

otherwise connect your phone via adb, create backup and extract it (see linked questions)
adb backup com.oup.elt.dicts.bilingual


text:
How to convert .img to .tar to flash using Samsung odin tool?
I have downloaded touch recovery from clockworkmod website. How do I flash downloaded .img file using Odin / Mobile Odin tool?

where do i fine that recovery.img file? Link please

Quoting the answer from XDA Forum.
In linux or windows with cygwin.
$ tar -H ustar -c recovery.img > recovery.tar
$ md5sum -t recovery.tar >> recovery.tar
$ mv recovery.tar recovery.tar.md5

where do i fine that recovery.img file? Link please

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/


text:
Connect Galaxy S3 Wifi Connection to Computer
I tried googling this, but it kept giving me the USB tethering option, which I don't want.
My laptop currently cannot connect to the Wifi we have at work, because there is a problem with Cisco, Windows 8, and Killer Networks cards not working together.
However, my Galaxy S3 can connect to the Wifi at work perfectly fine.
I know that you can take your phone's mobile data connection, and use that as an internet connection over USB or Wifi.
My question is, if your phone is connected to a Wifi network ALREADY, can you USB tether it to your computer, and use that to connect your computer to the same Wifi network?
Thanks.

You don't want the USB tethering option, but you're asking if it's OK to USB tether it to your PC? Weird question.

Okay I'll clarify. I want to connect my phone to my computer via USB so that my computer can share my phone's Wifi connection.  But, I want it to use the Wifi connection that my phone is connected to, NOT my mobile data. And from what I saw on my phone, it only does USB tethering over a mobile network.

you want to connect to the WiFi network via your phone. yes?

Yes Sid that's correct.

Probably not a good solution, but have you tried turning off mobile data while connecting to the WiFi? Would that work?

I haven't, but I'll try that.  Is there anything else I can try? I heard that turning off the mobile data only works sometimes and not with all phones.

Possibly a duplicate of Can I use my Android device as Wi-Fi Dongle (ie Tethering to PC through USB, but using Wi-FI not Phone Network)?  or How can I tether my phone's Wi-Fi connection to a PC over USB?

You should be able to just tether and while your phone is connected to the wifi network that connection should be used.
If this is not the case turning off the mobile data should force it to use the wifi connection

Install Kies; it automatically installs all the required drivers. Then, tether to your computer via Wi-Fi hotspot, bluetooth, or USB.
I always use it like that with my S3.

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/


text:
Calendar app on Desire - Can I get Stock Android Calendar?
So i'm pretty sick of the calendar app on my HTC Desire... it's good, and does most things well, but something it does badly which is just really a stupid oversight by htc is this:  The date picker does not show the day of the picked date.  Even when you have selected the date, the event you're creating doesn't tell you the day.  WTF??
I guess i should ask if this is the same onthe stock android calendar app?  If not, how can i get that one on my desire?
I'm very tempted to ditch the HTC ROM and install a Gingerbread ROM... the running out of space issue is beyond a joke too.  ugh!
thanks heaps
greg

You probably have the HTC Sense calendar, which is different from the regular calendar.  To replace it:

Root your phone.
Use a file manager like Root Explorer to back up any files you replace and to copy in new ones.  You'll need to browse to /system/app and mount it as R/W.
Use an AOSP (android-open-source-project) calendar like this one from XDA (has instructions).  It's for 2.1, it might work for 2.2 but if not just search XDA for another.

Thanks for the info... i will root my phone soon, but figure i'll just put a gingerbread rom on there.. i think i want to get rid of all the sense gunk.

i'm also very tempted to buy a nexus s... not because its an amazing phone (its not - why no SD card???), but because it's the only option with a pure google android experience... i'm getting the feeling the manufacturers introduce more issues than  its worth by modding their android versions. :|

By the way i found Calengoo app, which is excellent.  I think i'll just use this from now on, until i get to rooting my phone and getting rid of sense ui. :)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/


text:
Stock Mail App - Outlook Sync, File As Problem
My MD now has a Desire and I notice something strange happening when he syncs his outlook contacts.
Now I know from both sides (outlook, Android) , it doesn't really matter what you file someone's name as because when you search, it still appears either way. However, he is very particular so here is my problem.
When he syncs his outlook contacts to the device, on outlook they now appear as first name, last name. Even though they are set to File As Lastname, Firstname. Now if I open a contact in Outlook, flip the File As back from and to what it was, it then appears in outlook correctly (well how he wants it to).
However, next sync it will re appear as first, last... although file as is still last, first (Outlook)
Anyone have any ideas or noticed something similar?
I appreciate this is a minor issue but I would like to resolve it for him if possible.
Thanks for reading and any help appreciated.

Are you doing manual sync's or is the phone connected to Exchange?

we have exchange ota services. sorry I should have added that.

Currently there is no way to do this on an HTC phone. The People app from HTC will automatically display names as First and Last.
However if you connect the phone to exchange, as I have mine, then all Exchange contacts show up as Last and First, including in Mail and in People. So as of right now I would say if you can get his phone on Exchange, only display contacts from Exchange, and tell him to put them all in Exchange, then it should be a workaround to the issue.

Yeah I apologise, I should have added this is using exchange 2007 ota services. Its as if it was correct in exchange, sync'd to his phone and then I assume he added someone new to the phone and when it sync'd back it was first Last. No worries, I will sync again with those tests I did and add a new one and sync again to find out. Thanks for the pointer on the HTC app though.

@Pace, keep in mind you might have to have Exchange setup so that is lists contacts as Last, First. Not sure but that might make a difference.

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/


text:
Where to upload video files? to have online video albums? To share them for WhatsAPP apps
I am having lot of Video files which are my personal to give to my girl friend.
My girl friend personal video files are also to send to me.
Now both together, i want to keep them as Album, Which i need to upload to Google Drive or Microsoft Sky-drive or Drop-box.
Like Photo upload/share concept, is there Video upload/share apps in Android?
Which could also help me:

While using, WhatsAPP, or Skype
i need to send my google drive videos to someone using send video?
Is there any way in Android?

Yes, you can use Google Drive, Dropbox or SkyDrive to upload your Videos. I think though that the YouTube app would be better, just remember to mark your video as "private". You can even set up an extra Google Account just for that which you can both use with the same password.

You don't need to if she just logs on to the same YouTube account. Or, you just go into the YouTube app, select the Video and touch "Share" (the icon where one dot is connected to tweo dots) and select WhatsApp.

NO NO - Did you used Picasa? In Android when you use Picasa you can have your pictures always available for sending as attachment using any other third party Apps. You method is not the answer to send video from remote location via attachment such as if i write email or chat or use skype on Android i cant browse those videos to send it over via file transfering method.

Then use Picasa. It can do Videos, too.


text:
Is it possible to specify multiple home pages for the default android browser?
That is, I want my browser to start with two tabs open, set to two different URLs.
I have tried putting "google.com | facebook.com" into the URL but that does not seem to achieve the intended effect.

No, it's not possible.
How did I get such result? As always I started to google this possibility but found nothing interesting. So I decided to check Android Browser source code. If you want you can download it by typing in console:
git clone https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/apps/Browser

After 5-10 minutes (I'm not new in programming) of looking repository I found 2 facts:
1) The homepage is saved as one String (Java type).
2) The homepage is opening by calling this function (in Controller.java):
@Override
public Tab openTabToHomePage() {
    return openTab(mSettings.getHomePage(), false, true, false);
}

So as you see (If you know programming a bit) it returns one tab, not several (like List<Tab>).

Kudos for taking the time to read the source. I should have done that but wasn't familiar with Android source tree to quickly find the browser code.


text:
Getting adb root: I did unpack and repack the boot img yet adb root doesn't work
my android is a Marshmallow 6.0.1 (EDIT: It is Samsung!) I just unpacked the boot.img and edited the build.prop by setting:
ro.secure=0
ro.debuggable=1
ro.adb.secure=0

repacket it, flashed it and everything is in it's place.
I no longer get the adbd cannot run as root in production builds error
BUT If I run adb root I get the restarting adb as root and nothing happens afterwards.
Can't adb remount because Not running as root. Try "adb root" first.
what else do I need to change?
EDIT: I just ran adb root again and this time the phone disconnected the USB:
error: protocol fault (couldn't read status): Connection reset by peer
error: write failure during connection: Connection reset by peer

Does this answer your question? Why "adb root" does nothing?

it's selinux issue

@IrfanLatif not interely I need to know how to inject an unrestricted context on the phone policy


text:
Is there a way to know when an audio was recorded
I recently received an audio on whatsapp and I am pretty much sure that its not altered.Is there a way to know when was that audio recorded in the senders phone.
Edit:It is a voice call conversation.

No. Unless the name itself has a time stamp like in the case of recorded telephone calls, which by default are time stamped (though that can be changed)

Its actually a vooce call conversation

This is independent of Android, but you can try checking the metadata of the file (perhaps there's an Android app for this, but I don't know) and see if the created date is stored. Otherwise, there's no way.


text:
LineageOS - is it possible to install and run apps without using Gapps or MicroG?
I am trying to work out whether it would be possible to use a custom rom such as LineageOS without flashing Gapps rather than using the LineageOS+MicroG as an option. The basic requirement is to be able move away from the Big Brother.
I have read that LineageOS+MicroG option is a good one but it creates security risks because of the need to do signature spoofing.
I am just a newbie here and wondering whether it would be possible to install a downloaded apk directly on LineageOS? If yes, would like to find more details on this process. If no, are there any solutions to this problem or we just have to put up with the Big Brother until Linux phones make inroads into this space?
Many thanks
EDIT: Thanks for all those who provided valuable comments/suggestions. I decided to try out LineageOS for MicroG and found it quite a painless process. The phone works great without the Big Brother tracking me. I also run DNS66 (from F-Droid Store) which stops ads on some apps. Overall, pretty much impressed with the outcome.
Thanks again.

As mentioned I am a newbie in this space and trying to get my head around this issue. Would appreciate if you can point me to a good source explaining this. So far, I have only found out that there is a security issue using MicroG but haven't seen anything that refutes this. Thanks.

I feel like there's a different concern: 1) yes, it's possible to install and run apps without any Google dependency (custom ROM cannot include Google apps by default), but 2) apps that relies on Google services might not work well, and thus needs Google replacement, like OpenGApps, MicroG, etc... otherwise, download alternative apps that don't rely on Google services at all.

@AndrewT., thanks very much for the clarification. Is signature spoofing a requirement with OpenGApps as well?

@gdesilva no. OpenGapps is a bundle of Google Play Services, its dependencies, and other Google apps, originally developed by Google. So they don't need spoofing. microG is an alternative, hacked, open source, partial implementation of Play Services. The microG package com.google.android.gms claiming to be Play Services (Google Mobile Suite) is not developed by Google, so needs to spoof its signatures. // All of this has nothing to do with app installation, which always works. But apps dependent on Google APIs may not work without GMS/GSF etc. Or may work with limited functionality.

Related answers: https://android.stackexchange.com/a/209870/218526, https://android.stackexchange.com/a/217900/218526, https://android.stackexchange.com/a/216646/218526, https://android.stackexchange.com/a/215550/218526

Many people are going Google-free and gapps-free now.
Do it like this:
Install F-Droid store, then install Aurora store from F-Droid.
Aurora store is to install apps from Google Play store.
Most Play store apps will run fine...  some won't.  For those, look for alternatives.


text:
adb shell mount command: documentation?
I'm creating a guide for noobs on editing the SystemUI.apk on the US Galaxy S3. But, before I post the guide, I want to make sure I know my stuff! I'm looking to learn about ADB (and ADB shell) and its various commands. I've noticed that some users mount their system read-write like so:
mount -o remount,rw /system

But, others mount like so:
mount -o remount,rw -t yaffs2 /dev/block/mtdblock4 /system

I have a little bit of knowledge behind this (-o signifies options, yaffs2 signifies the file system, /dev/block/mtdblock4 signifies mount point, and /system is the actual directory), but why do people have different commands? Is it unsafe to miss some of the arguments? Why do some people include the mount point? The file system? Some separate multiple options using commas, others use spaces: does that matter?
Instead of asking 50 questions like those, does anyone know where to find the documentation/reference/explanation of the mount command, and describing its options? If you are feeling extra great, any documentation/reference/explanation regarding ADB and busybox-for-android available? (Besides these: http://busybox.net/downloads/BusyBox.html and http://developer.android.com/tools/help/adb.html , which are a little lacking.)
Someone knows these things, but my Google-fu is took weak... :( I would sincerely appreciate your guidance, any at all! :)

mount is fairly standard *nix utility. I don't think you'll really find any specific "Android" documentation for it, but the man page is readily available.

Wow, thanks! That page really helped. Bookmarked! :)

On some devices/ROMs most mount points seem to be defined in a special config file called /etc/fstab. In this case, you can ommit the device information and options, as they can be automatically determinded.
However, other devices/ROMs use init scripts to create the mounts, and have the special options defined there (CM7.2 on my Motorola Milestone seems to be one example for this). If you omit the device information here, you will simply get an error.
So which variant to take very much depends on the device/ROM. Safest way is to first check how the file system in question is mounted (e.g. using mount |grep system to show it for the /system mount point), and then adapt this information for your use.

Oh, OK. Like in the man page posted in the comment above, mount will guess if I omit. But, what if I specify the wrong for system, for example? My /system is mounted as ext4, but say I use -t yaffs2? Will that return a simple error or will it actually, probably dangerously, convert it to the specified file system? Thanks for the explanation of how Android describes its mount points! :)

It's basically the same as on Linux (as Android runs on top of a Linux kernel). And no, no automatically conversion will take place -- the mount process will simply fail, as it cannot correctly determine the file system specifics.

Awesome! :D Thank for the clarification, :) I really appreciated your help! :)

Android uses by default toolbox, if you want you can use busybox instead. I haven't found documentation except a string in the binary saying Usage: %s [-r] [-w] [-o options] [-t type] device directory and the toolbox/mount.c, which is at http://gitorious.org/android-enablement/system-core/blobs/bc7b0cbe156da639f0cbe17bf89725d87e86512a/toolbox/mount.c

Thanks for the info! Izzy's answer was more helpful, but seeing the "usage" string was important, too!


text:
What are the benefits of "Restore Android ID from a backup" after a factory reset?
As far as I can tell Titanium Backup is the only application that has the ability to restore this ID but there's no explanation of what it is or why one would restore it.
Without restoring I'm able to access the Play Store and restore apps and settings without issue and all the apps work fine.
Why should the Android ID be restored?

Some developers use the Android ID as a way of verifying who you are. So if you don't restore the Android ID, you will have to re-validate certain apps.
For example, Google Play Music and Netflix will see a new device tied to your account (source). Google Play Music limits the number of devices you can have attached, so people who wipe their phone multiple times to try out new roms may have problems trying to sync with Google Play Music as they reach the 10 device limit (source). You can deauthorize devices if you have reached your limit.
In practice, it's generally best to restore the ID if you are going to also restore apps via Titanium Backup. There is no upside to keeping a new ID, and there are potential downsides if you don't restore.


text:
IP blacklisted - unusual traffic - possible malware?
Over the past month I've had about 5 or so occasions where Google force me to do a capture on a normal search, saying that there is unusual traffic from my device.
Recently, past few days, I've had a few specific websites and apps timeout while all other services work as normal.
So, I decided to look into my devices traffic. I found this quite difficult on an android device. But what I did find is that my ip address appears on two blacklists. One of the blacklists state the following:
This IP is infected (or NATting for a computer that is infected) with an infection that is emitting spam.

Note: [ip removed] appeared to be suspicious because it was using the following name to identify itself during email connections (port 25) via the HELO/EHLO smtp commands: ".".

I have installed avg antivirus and performed I full scan where no threats were found. The only email client I use is gmail which does not use port 25. Avg does not have a firewall so I have not yet blocked outgoing requests on port 25.

How might I find out what is sending requests over port 25?
How might I remove it
Are there any other steps I should take?

Please help.
Thanks.
Nokia 7.2 handset
Android 10 (up to date)
Using 4g connection
Edit 1: I have factory reset my device and have a different IP address. As soon as I went into chrome I was greeted with "we have detected unusual traffic from your computer network" and the new IP appears on two blacklists for the same reasons. Although the connectivity issues to specific websites have now been solved.

Are you using a VPN? That's one common reason for this as I realised when I had this issue long back

It's possible that this is a dynamic IP and thus you're sharing IP with others. I've had once the same experience when accessing Wikipedia and noticing I suddenly got a notification for vandalism from my IP address. At this point, the issue is possibly not on your device, but you're just unlucky to get this IP address from your data provider. Try toggling the mobile data (or airplane mode) to reset the IP address and hope that you get a new IP address that is not blacklisted. Otherwise, contact your mobile provider to let them know about this issue.

@beeshyams I am not using a vpn

@Andrew T. I have toggles my data and it yields the same up address, also since this problem started I have restarted my device dozens of times.

Regarding the edit, there are at least 2 probable causes: 1) your device is infected (and this question is a valid question trying to identify the culprit, perhaps https://android.stackexchange.com/q/17745/44325 might help), or 2) a range of IP address is blacklisted due to someone else on the same provider doing something suspicious, which you can't do anything about it (perhaps VPN might help, otherwise note each blacklisted IP address and tell the mobile provider to investigate the issue)


text:
How to stop notification sound from playing three times?
I noticed several years ago after getting a new phone that newer versions of the Android software seem to play my notification sound three times. Prior to this phone it only ever played once. It gets pretty annoying and I was wondering if there's any way to configure this so the sound only plays once? Or is this hard-coded?
It has happened with my last three phones, so it's likely a feature of newer versions of the Android software. I have a Samsung Galaxy J7 running Android 7.1.1.
Whenever I get a notification sound (custom WAV sound that is just the door chime from Star Trek TNG playing once) for an email, app, etc, instead of just playing once, it plays three times in a row.
I have not been able to locate any settings that would allow me to configure how many times it plays.

Ironically, I had this problem.  I just checked my Star Trek Chime file, and the file contains the chime three times.  Whoops.  Try a different custom sound.  The whistle file I got from the same website just whistles once.


text:
Custom recovery and Google OTA
Will I receive Google updates for my Galaxy Nexus if I replace stock recovery with CWM (like explained in Why isn't Clockworkmod Recovery “Sticking”)?

Having CWM installed won't prevent your phone from noticing that an update is available, but it may prevent the update from installing in the usual automated fashion.  The update process actually works by creating a special file with a "script" for the recovery to run, then rebooting to recovery; CWM will just show its menu instead of running the script.  It may be possible to apply the upgrade through CWM as an ordinary update zip, but if you want to make sure the process is seamless, it'd be a good idea to flash back to the stock recovery before installing the update.
BTW, the JRO03O update for the Galaxy Nexus removes the automatic stock recovery flash that you linked to.  You no longer have to do anything special to keep CWM installed when running stock.


text:
Samsung Galaxy 3 (GT i5801) - Waiting for FROYO Update

Possible Duplicate:
When will my phone get Android 2.2 (FroYo)?

I have purchased "Samsung Galaxy 3" Model number is GT-5801 - an android enabled phone, currently it is having Android 2.1 firmware, i would like to know whether it is upgradable to the upcoming version or not? I am not finding  "System Updates" options anywhere in the phone so please let me know.
I dont want to have updated firmware with the JailBreak or such kind of way !!

Please see the When will my phone get Android 2.2 post http://android.stackexchange.com/questions/2696/when-will-my-phone-get-android-2-2-froyo

and also it maybe a good idea to change the question title


text:
How can enable the Android Accessory Interface (USB) on Windows?
I would like to use the Android USB Accessory Mode. This allows to open a data connection between an Android app and an app on another USB device, like a Windows machine.
To start this communication, on the Windows machine, an App must start a USB Host mode. For this, it must send some specific data to the Android Accessory Interface, which will be shows as a USB device inside Windows.
Unfortunately, on my Windows machine, this Android Accessory Interface will not be shown. This will be identified by a device instance ID of USB\VID_18D1&PID_2D01&MI_....
To show this device, I updated my Windows 10 Pro installation and all drivers. Additionally, I installed a special USB driver from Samsung for my Galaxy A20e.
How can enable the Android Accessory Interface (USB) for my Samsung Galaxy A20e device?

A common mistake is to install the drivers to the wrong device. If ad and/or MTP is active at the same time you should see an USB compound device in device manager in Windows. Select an device that belongs to the Android phone and then switch View -> View by connection then you should see the compound device and below all the devices that belong to the Android phone. As USB accessory mode is designed to connect custom USB devices you may need to emulate a standard USB protocol on Android side or develope a matching Windows USB driver for whatever your app uses on USB level.

To switch to the Android Accessory mode, I enabled the USB debugging inside the settings of my Samsung A20e. After this, I was able to connect from my Windows App to the Android device to start the accessory mode with this procedure:

Get the device ID of the USB adapter (ADB interface) with the GUID f72fe0d4-cbcb-407d-8814-9ed673d0dd6b.
This can be used as the file name to get a file handle with CreateFile (please use FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED).
The file handle can be passed to WinUsb_Initialize to get a WinUsb handle.
Now you can request the protocol (51) and send some information (52) like manufacturer, model, etc. to the Samsung device with WinUsb_ControlTransfer.
After this, you can start the accessory mode with command 53.

This will disconnect my Samsung Galaxy from my Windows computer and connect again as Google device (VID of 0x18d1).
After this, I wasn't be able to use MTP or RNDIS furthermore.

Did it work for the android device to see the Windows machine as accessory? Were you able to obtain bi-directional communication? thx.

@GoranHoriaMihail: With this solution, the Windows machines see the Android machine.


text:
Keeping Gboard open while multitasking
I'm using an Android 10 Samsung device that supports multitasking using pop-up windows. I'm trying to type on the main window with a YouTube window in the foreground. The keyboard keeps closing whenever I use the YouTube pop-up. Is there any way to keep it open?

Well there is a way.. but even if you have your keyboard always open, you'll have to press on the text box of the other app after using youtube to bring it in focus.
If you still want to have it opened always then you can use "Automate" app..
Just set a gesture(quick tiles or button combination) to trigger the "always on keyboard" and set the action..
Comment if you have any doubt..

Thanks. Is there any way without a third-party app, though?

With gboard? I don't think so.. There are other keyboards which offer this feature but then you'll lack the cool functions of gboard..

Which keyboard offer that functionality?

Do you have a link to that automate app?

@Slion I don't remember which keyboards I was talking about (hacker's keyboard maybe, not sure). It's been 3 yrs. Anyway, here's the Automate app: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.llamalab.automate

Thanks, though I can't find that always on keyboard action.

@Slion use ADB shell command action, adb shell input keyevent 108 read more here. There's a lot to play around in that app. Also, check this for Hacker's keyboard thing. If it was helpful, an upvote would be great.


text:
How can I disable the "Install update to keep device running smoothly" notification?
Once every few weeks, I get this notification to update the device after unlocking my phone.

I have automatic updates disabled in system settings as well. Hoping there is a service that a "root service disabler" app could disable to put an end to these notifications.
My device is rooted and on Android 11.

This is not a notification. A notification does not look like that. Since you didn't share the full screenshot it is hard to tell what that UI element. It could be an activity or a dialog. Activities can be disabled easily with root. Dialogs, not so. OTOH, if there is a System Update app then disabling it usually solves the problem too. In Settings -> Apps -> App apps, do you see an app named something as Update or System update. Have you tried disabling it and restarting the phone to see if that solves the problem?

I might have accidentally found your thread on XDA Forums, and looks like you're using a rooted Essential phone? I also found this thread on Reddit that said even Essential phone on LineageOS also got the same dialog, and it might be related to Google Play Services.

@AndrewT. Haha yes you did. The Phone is a Google Pixel 4 XL on Android 11 (per the signature on XDA actually) and from what I read "essentials" is also part of the Google Play Services notification section. I saw on there that I had "~1 Setup" notification so I disabled that. Will see if that was what this popup was. Probably will take a week or two before I see it again anyway so will have to wait a bit and keeping this question open.

@AndrewT. Updated the thread with a new picture. I only have "all alerts" and "account" notifications turned on in the Google Play app notification settings also. Just got the alert today again.

Eli Billauer wrote an extensive blog article about preventing Android system update, including disabling the popup. You might want to check and try it.

Methinks this thing is a virus. It's not a notification that stock Android would ever issue. I had the same problem a while back whilst still using a Pixel 3, not jailbroken. This was before Google stopped issuing security updates; I was running Android 12, Build number SP1A.210812.016.C2.
Every Saturday at 17:00, I'd get the same pop-up message that you did (see pic). I never installed the "update" of course; tapping outside the pop-up screen made it disappear for another week - But it continued to reappear every Saturday at 17:00 (I'm in the Eastern USA time zone).
When I upgraded to a Pixel 5a (which I'm still using) I chose to not copy everything from the Pixel 3; It was a pain, but I just manually installed all the apps I wanted. Then, I did a factory reset on the old Pixel 3, re-installed Android 12 via the standard System interface, and the pop-up never reappeared.
I have no idea how this thing got on my phone, if in fact it is a virus. Possibly steganography attack via an image file? In any event, I humbly recommend that you start fresh with a new phone or wipe the one you're using and start over. Good luck...

AFAIK, this is not a virus, but a dialog by Google Play Services notifying that the device has pending updates.

Interesting - But golly, it looks suspicious. What's still odd is that the prompt disappeared after I did a factory reset and reinstalled the exact same operating system version...


text:
Should I change the battery of my Samsung A7 (2018)?
My phone shut off completely a few hours ago. It was at 20% and somehow it jumped to 0% and shut off. I didn't know what happened so I just put it to charge.
I had this phone for 2 years, if not 3. I've been using it everyday, nearly all day. For like 5-6 months I've been using it till it was at 20% percent and charge it till it was 90% ( I never used it till it was 0%). But in the first 2 years I used to let it charge overnight. I stopped doing this since July 2020( I think).
I tried my best to not use too much battery, I closed background apps, limited my brightness and leave it alone when it heated up( it started happening quite often for the last few months, but not that much).
It does charge normally.
I read an article about this kind of thing and what to do, and one of them was to do a factory reset. I don't want to do that.
Should I change the battery? I had this phone for like 3 years, I think I should change the battery.

The battery level is more an assumption not an exact value. That a device shuts down at 20% may happen if the assumptions on the remaining battery are not correct. Was it directly off or did the device properly performed a shutdown? Regarding the question if you should replace the battery the overall run time between two charges is more important. If that is enough from your perspective you can still use the current battery.

If you mean shut down by the 'power off' button, I didn't do that. The device on its own did that. And I did check, it was 20%. I just put the phone down and it shut off completely and when I tried to power it on, it showed me 0% and powered off again.

No I was asking if the phone was performing it's shut down sequence like a PC or if it was just off like a computer in a power outage. But if you have not seen the display when it happened you don't know which one happened. The problem is if it just goes off you lose data or some data may be written in a wrong way which can lead to problems. This is the reason I was asking.

There isn't any data lost, or written in the wrong way ( I don't think so). Everything is in its place, just how it was before. About the charging part, it does charge pretty good with one charger. But if I use a different one (similar to the first one) it charges very slow or not at all.

Assuming your battery is bad and therefore this power off scenarios happen more and more often, then with each power loss there is a small chance that something goes wrong. Therefore you should monitor your phone if this was a single event or if it happens frequently. If the latter happens it is time for a new battery.

So you're saying I should wait and see if it happens again?

professional repair service is recommended because there is high risk of breaking back cover https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p40OLb9_uAE

Try other battery. If phone work properly than you can change battery.
Use code *#*#4636#*#*. go to battery information. If health is not good. Change the battery.

Have you or somebody else ever encountered a device with a battery state not "Good"?

It doesn't work for me

@Leyla Justo make it sure: you must enter this code in the phone app, on the numeric keypad, as if you were trying to call someone by entering their number manually. Also: charge your phone to full, then use it normally until the battery is empty and it turns off again. Do this once or twice (or 3 times). This will re-calibrate the charge monitor. If this helps, then the problem is solved.


text:
Interact with notification action from ADB Shell
I have an Android(7) phone [also fine if you can provide a solution for Android 10] and a Linux pc. By enabling USB debugging and using the terminal of my pc, I am able to read the notifications of my phone using the command: adb shell dumpsys notification --noredact
Now, there are some notifications in android in which we can interact with the app directly from the notification. For example, in a Whatsapp notification, there are usually two buttons: Reply & Mark as read. In YouTube, there are options like Play, Turn off, Watch later. In the output of the above command, these options are visible in the following form:
actions={
        [0] "Reply" -> PendingIntent{6becf48: PendingIntentRecord{87b8050 com.whatsapp startService (whitelist: +30s0ms)}}
        [1] "Mark as read" -> PendingIntent{c1661e1: PendingIntentRecord{b8e3249 com.whatsapp startService (whitelist: +30s0ms)}}
      }

I have two questions:

Can we interact with these options from adb shell? For example, is there any command like adb shell <SOME COMMAND> 'Message to be sent in whatsapp with reply option' which will send the text as a reply in whatsapp without opening the app?

Is it possible to swipe the notifications using any adb command? (Not the adb shell input swipe x0 y0 x1 y1, it requires to unlock the phone each time)

Thank you in advance!
Edit:
Here is what I found that may be relevant to this question.
I think that I have to somehow launch the specific intent linked to the mentioned PendingIntent id (in this case 6becf48 or 87b8050)
Using tthe command adb shell dumpsys activity intents > output.txt and then searching for 87b8050 in output.txt, I found the name of the intent. It was as follows:
  * PendingIntentRecord{87b8050 com.whatsapp startService (whitelist: +30s0ms)}
    uid=10104 packageName=com.whatsapp type=startService flags=0x0
    requestIntent=act=com.whatsapp.intent.action.DIRECT_REPLY_FROM_MESSAGE dat=content://com.whatsapp.provider.contact/contacts/2256 cmp=com.whatsapp/.notification.DirectReplyService (has extras)
    whitelistDuration=+30s0ms

Now I think that it may be possible to launch the intent com.whatsapp.intent.action.DIRECT_REPLY_FROM_MESSAGE using adb shell am command, and passing the intent id and message as some parameters.
(Just like we can launch Whatsapp from adb with am command, it should be possible to launch the pendingIntent also.)
Edit 2:
Using this command:
adb shell am startservice -a com.whatsapp.intent.action.DIRECT_REPLY_FROM_MESSAGE -d content://com.whatsapp.provider.contact/contacts/2256 -n com.whatsapp/.notification.DirectReplyService --es 'com.whatsapp.Intent.EXTRA_TEXT' 'Hi. Okay.'

The output was following:
Starting service: Intent { act=com.whatsapp.intent.action.DIRECT_REPLY_FROM_MESSAGE dat=content://com.whatsapp.provider.contact/contacts/2256 cmp=com.whatsapp/.notification.DirectReplyService (has extras) }
Error: Requires permission not exported from uid 10104

I too am interested in this question.. I currently use "Automate" app for automatically interacting with my notifications(if that helps)

Thanks for the information, I shall check this out. But as it seems, the app requires a lot of permissions. It'd be nice if we can do it from our adb terminal.

No, it doesn't. That's what i like about this app. Just deny all the permissions at the start and then afterwards it will ask for one or two necessary permissions. I too am too paranoid about my privacy. This app lists all the permissions it has and you can anytime revoke permissions you don't want anymore. Disable the internet access for additional security. I'll search about the adb thing too tho.. BTW why dont you try scrcpy(just for fun). I just love scrcpy and use it very often with adb over wifi. https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy

Scrcpy is a very nice thing. I had not heard of it before. Thanks a lot!

You're most welcome. Btw i searched the web and came to a conclusion that there isn't a way yet to do what you want.. I searched for all adb and notification related stuffs and found that you can only list(dumpsys) and clear(requires root) notifications NOT interact sadly. Hope you can do it with scrcpy graphically.. P.S. See scrcpy's command list.

I understand that this has not been mentioned explicitly anywhere. But I still believe this is doable. Please see my recent edit to the question.

Let us continue this discussion in chat.

I found a way.. it's a little long but possible.. Remember automate app i mentioned? it can interact with notifications.. So.. by dumpsys you can know what notifications came and then you can send notification of message you want to reply from adb to your device. The automate app will then pick the notification you sent from adb and forward it to whatsapp(as it can interact with notifications)

Hello. It would be nice if you mention why must you interact with the Android's notifications with ADB alone? Would it not be acceptable if a solution emerges wherein you instruct a third-party app (through ADB) to do the job for you. That is, read the notification and show it to your Linux PC, and send the reply message from your ADB to the target app.

Also, there is this KDEConnect app (see Reply to Whatsapp and others subheading) which seems to promise replying to WhatsApp from your PC. I know it can sync notifications but I never tried its reply feature. You can give it a try.

Third, if you don't want an automate app and scrcpy solution is not acceptable either, I can offer a bounty on your question so that your question receives more attention. Let me know if you are interested.

@Firelord , it would be okay if it is necessary to implement through an external app. But given the versatile collection of ADB commands (and lack of broad description/tutorials :-) ), I have an impression that this can be done with a few line of commands. In that case, I would obviously prefer the 'ADB only solution' over any third party app. Automate, scrcpy and KDEConnect are nice alternatives. I have aready tried scrcpy, it is very useful. But it would be better if this can be achieved with ADB only. I would be very grateful if you please offer a bounty on this question.


text:
Where is the precmd command in android?
I'm kind of used to linux. I'm using Busybox from the Busybox Free installer, with Busybox 1.21.0-Stericson. Trying to chance my shell to the Busybox shell using busybox ash gives the following error after every single command:
ash: precmd: not found
echo $PS1
$(precmd)$USER@$HOSTNAME:${PWD: -?} $

I tried to go back to the normal shell and find out WHERE precmd is:
which precmd

It just changes the prompt to have "1|" in front of it, without giving me WHERE it is. I found a solution here, but have no idea where to put it. I'm basically trying to do the same as this question (make Busybox shell the default).

precmd is a function, and as far as I understand ash doesn't support it.

There was a solution here: http://blog.bstpierre.org/zsh-prompt as I said. I need to find out where to put the code.

If you are using Connectbot: according to an article at XDA-Developers, this is nothing but a cosmetical error:

Connectbot seems to set shell variable 'PS1' to "$(precmd)$USER@$HOSTNAME:${PWD:-?} $ ".
  It means your shell (the busybox's ash applet) will try to use output from 'precmd' as a part of a command prompt.
  So when 'precmd' was not provided, error messages will be generated wenever a prompt was to be shown.

To fix this, mentioned post says you can use PS1="> " (or simply unset PS1) to work around that error.

Looking for further references, I found you already cross-posted this to stackoverflow and got an answer there. It would have been fair to update your question here accordingly, as you obviously got a solution there (the same, it seems) which solved your issue.


text:
How does GS3 dual SIM adapter work?
I have seen that some online shops sell a Samsung Galaxy S3 dual SIM adapter. I haven't found much information about how does it work, but I have doubts about it.
Some links:

https://www.amazon.it/NC2-Premium-Addatatore-Dualsim-Samsung/dp/B008E6M802/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1354533958&sr=8-1
http://www.ebay.it/itm/ADATTATORE-DUAL-SIM-PER-SAMSUNG-GALAXY-S3-I9300-SIII-ACE-E-HTC-ONE-2-HSDPA-/200855685432?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_101&hash=item2ec3ee8938
http://www.ebay.it/itm/NC2-3G-Dualsim-Adapter-No-Cut-fur-2-Sims-im-Samsung-Galaxy-S3-/300826215660?pt=Handy_Zubeh%C3%B6r&hash=item460aa3c4ec
http://www.ebay.it/itm/Adaptateur-Double-Carte-SIM-Dual-SIM-Adapter-pour-SAMSUNG-GALAXY-S3-/281033313462?pt=FR_Mobiles_PDAs_Autres&hash=item416ee40cb6

In fact, I have a phone SIM card that I use for calling and receiving with my own number, and sometimes I can get a data SIM card with some free internet traffic.
The idea behind my interest for the dual SIM adapter for th GS3 is to tell the phone to call from SIM 1 and connect to UMTS from SIM 2. My simple doubt is that Android isn't simply supporting 2 cards on phones designed for 1.
I mean, if my phone had natively 2 SIM slots I could expect a menu option "default call with SIM 1/2", or "which SIM do you want to connect with?", but the official specs of GS3 offer 1 SIM only as standard cell phones.
The question is, then
How does a dual SIM adapter integrate with existing phone software?

A link to the adapter's web page will be quite useful.

Unless your phone have two SIM card slots, support as you require is not possible. The market has adapters which goes into the existing SIM card slot of phone and will help you to switch between SIMs after shutdown.  The ONLY advantage of using this instead of swapping SIMs by conventional way is to keep both SIMs together with phone and reduce wear and tear on the SIM slot.
Samsung and other manufactures have dual SIM phones which have two SIM slots and the phone can be configured accordingly for usage. Having said that, watch out for terminologies like Dual Active, Dual Standby. Unfortunately confusion prevails even in manufacturer's web sites. So, to be sure try the behaviour before you buy.
You can read about these in the Wikipedia.