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How to politely decline the university medal?
I have studied in an Australian university and throughout my university studies, I declined all prizes awarded to me. It is not that I have had something against my university but it is due to my own ethical values. I believe that a true scholar should have no interest in fame and prizes and that is exactly the reason I declined all the prizes given to me so far (I want to remain a true scholar).
It's not that I see myself superior to others in any way; indeed, I always claimed to be the dumbest student in my university. If it takes someone 10 minutes to understand a math theorem, it would take me at least 3 hours to understand it properly.  Some people unfortunately misinterpret my statement:

I believe that a true scholar should have no interest in fame and
  prizes and that is exactly the reason I declined all the prizes given
  to me so far (I want to remain a true scholar).

I did not mean in any way, that someone who accepts prizes is not a true scholar and if that is the message conveyed by my statement, then I apologize from the bottom of my heart. This statement only applies to me; if I accept prizes, then I think that I am better than others and because of this I decline prizes because I want to remain a true scholar. I do not want to feel superior to others. This will make me not work hard. Some people said that I am following Perelman's footsteps. I honestly do not even consider myself a successful student; how could I dare to compare myself to Perelman. I am only an ordinary dumb student.
I just received an email from the university that this July (my graduation ceremony), they will award the university medal to me. I am going to decline the university medal but I am not sure what is the best way to do this politely so that the academics at my university will not be offended.
Update: After discussing this with the dean of my faculty, I agreed to accept the university medal. It will be annotated in my academic transcript, record, and testamur. This helps my Phd admission chances in the top 10 universities (something I was told by academics at my university).

Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat. (I can't move comments to chat twice, so additional chatter is liable to be deleted.)

"Thank you for the honour, however I politely decline the medal for personal reasons."

Upcoming question on meta: How to politely decline a stack exchange gold badge? joking :)

Something I'm having to learn myself lately is the following: "my statement could be interpreted in such-and-such a way, but it's ok because I do not in any way intend the statement in that way, so I make the statement anyway". This is actually somewhat wrong. How your statement is interpreted is nearly as or even more important than how you intended it, and the fact that you had detected it ahead of time indicates that you were aware of the issue and could have corrected it. This approach can lead to a lot of problems.

By rejecting awards constantly, you start to appear like a big-headed egotistical jerk who thinks they are way above everyone else. Quite the opposite affect to your intention. Take the award, say your appreciation that others think highly of you, and move on.

You say that you feel to be the dumbest student and need much more time than others. That's not condescending, that's you underestimating yourself. The prizes and medals do proof that you're not the dumbest. Start believing in yourself and accept that you in fact are superior  in this sense to others. Underestimating your own capabilities hurts your career much more than acknowledging them.

Awards and social recognition seem to be strong drives for many personalities to work hard. By publicly rejecting awards there is therefore a risk you may annoy people in management positions and undermine their effort to make students work hard and excel. There probably exists some smoother way you could hint them that they should consider someone else more comfortable in being a role model before any announcement is made.

One of the other sides to you always refusing awards, is "What will happen when you are looking for people to work with/for you?" Chances are, your reputation will get out. I imagine that most people will not want to work with or for a person who actively refused to be recognized for the work they do. Do what you want with your life, but you're making it much harder for yourself down the line.

"I did not mean in any way, that someone who accepts prizes is not a true scholar" but thats exactly the madsage that you send. When you say that someone needs to fulfill X to be a try Y then this means that Y cannot be true without X. Get your logic together

The discussion here about your question provides an interesting microcosm of the sort of responses you are likely to get to your decision to decline the medal from people at your university who learn about it. Already here we are seeing a lot of people who don't even know you telling you to reconsider your decision, implying that you have a moral duty to accept the medal as a service to the university and to the other students who ostensibly are meant to be inspired by your excellent academic performance (which seems like a very weak argument to me personally), and offering other kinds of unsolicited advice that doesn't answer the specific question you asked. I sense in these responses a fair amount of indignation and possibly offense, and I think it's interesting to try to understand what is causing it.
My feeling is that what's going on is that for most people it's hard and even offensive to see someone turning down a great honor or privilege that they themselves would be happy to have and maybe can only dream of achieving. It feels to people like a waste, like seeing something very valuable being casually thrown away, or like seeing a rich person lighting a cigar with a $100 bill. As much as people may be able to understand your reasoning at an intellectual level, at the emotional level it feels that not accepting the medal is an act of condescension on your part, as if you are saying that you are so much better than everyone else that you don't even need earthly benefits like awards or medals to feel superior.
With this analysis in mind, let me answer your question. If you have indeed decided not to accept the medal, there is nothing you can do other than to explain your decision and the reasoning for it to the people at your university as clearly as you can, just as you explained it here. You should fully expect that some of them will be offended, and some of them will try to convince you to change your mind and offer the same kind of advice and moralistic arguments that are being offered to you here. I don't think that can be avoided, but I don't necessarily think that it needs to be avoided either. I have great respect for people who follow their beliefs at the risk of being unpopular or angering others and would like to encourage you to ultimately do what you think is right, after carefully weighing all the relevant information. Good luck!

Dan Romik, if you will read my answer below you will see it is not a moralistic argument but rather a logical one for rethinking the personal policy of the OP. Your advice however is quite correct on what the OP should expect if he continues on his current course.

@O.M.Y. yes, your answer is quite good, I voted it up and agree that the advice you offer is not moralistic.

Thank you for expressing things in a neutral/analytical manner rather than in the rude/angry manner I feel some other answers have used. This is much more respectful and focuses on answering the actual question, which was about how to decline, not whether or not the OP should decline as some people appear to have misinterpreted it.

@Pharap glad you appreciate it. To be fair to the other answers, some of the most interesting questions on academia.se involve someone who asks a question based on certain flawed premises, and a good answer will try to add insight that answers the "real" question that is not quite what the OP asked about, and maybe even give constructive criticism that points out the ways in which OP is misguided. I've done this myself and think that when done respectfully it is appropriate and can result in the best and most correct answer. So "judgmental" answers are not always unhelpful.

@DanRomik In this case I think it is unhelpful. The OP has made their mind up that they want to decline the reward and is asking the best way to be respectful about it. It's clear from their history of declining that no amount of criticising their decision will change their mind, so it doesn't make sense to try to do so. SE is here to answer questions, not to be the moral judge of people's decisions. In a clear cut X-Y problem situation it makes sense to point out someone is asking the wrong question, but this is not one of those situations.

@Pharap yes I agree, that's why I answered as I did, but I guess what I'm saying is I see where some of the other answers are coming from (and I'm trying to refrain from judging the people who wrote them, just as I was refraining from commenting on OP's decision).

@DanRomik That makes sense, I can respect not wanting to judge other's answers.

While I support the other highly-upvoted answers, and feel like this answer degrades them by calling them out for being too emotionally charged (when the highest upvoted answer has clearly logical reasoning behind it), this is also still a good answer, and reasonably a good one to accept.

The problem is as @WetlabWalter says: the medal is not just for you - it is for everybody that supported you and, in fact, indirectly for your class, and lecturers.
You have a good reason (for yourself) to decline it, which is commendable.
But you might offend those who recommended you, those who taught you (who would be indirectly honoured) and possibly your classmates.
If on weighing your principles against this you still stand by your decision to decline the prize, send a letter as long beforehand as you can, explaining your position and emphasise your history of declining prizes (to indicate that they are not the only one on the receiving end of the rejection).
Don't decline on the event itself, this will be a major embarrassment.
Finally, if you develop a reputation for declining prizes, grant managers may decide that they'd rather not put glamourous, funded programs your way, so be prepared for limitations of funding in the future. For anybody as brilliant as a Grothendieck or Perelman, that should not be a problem, but if that's not the case, take that into account.
PostScriptum: The balance of prize distribution is very fine. A prize is supposed to honour the recipient. But if the recipient is absolutely outstanding, the recipient would add as much glamour to the prize as the other way around. Therefore, a rejection penalises also the prize-giver.
Why are prizes at all relevant? You have a point in that a true scholar should not be motivated by prizes and honours. However, in today's very crowded fields, a prize is like a flag that demonstrates "this is how things should be done". It sets a signal of example for others. By rejecting the prize you send the message that you do not care to be an example; which is entirely your right - but you must be aware of that.
Interestingly, Sartre was one of the few people declining the Nobel prize (literature). It was claimed that, some years later, he decided that he'd rather be in need of the prize money and asked whether he could get it retrospectively (after this story, he couldn't). Whether this anecdote is true or false, it makes clear you have to think hard whether there could be a constellation whether you could regret your decision - it doesn't have to be for the money, of course.

Tracing a parallel between the military salute (you salute the rank, not the person) and academic awards, it is not the scholar that is being awarded, it is the scholar's work. +1 on pointing out both that you miss enriching the field and hurting the award's perceived value.

@NajibIdrissi The ideal scholar does the work not for honours, fame and riches, but for the value of knowledge and wisdom. I assumed that the OP takes this position and I - in principle - would agree with this; while the former may drive some scientists, they can do much harm, the least of it encouraging bean-counting exercises, e.g. in hiring. However, other points come into consideration, too, and great science is today not anymore a single person's achievement. The social component cannot be ignored, and prizes are a part of that - by which I tried to balance OP's point in my response.

@NajibIdrissi As comments are not really a good place for discussion, perhaps you might be able to wordsmith that sentence into its own question?

Minor edit? Was "constellation" supposed to be "consolation"?

@tniles09 I meant "constellation" as in "configuration"/"confluence" and similar.

@NajibIdrissi Ok, I weakened my too strong statement of agreement with OP. However, I can see OP's point - I'll give you another perspective: Some people feel truly embarrassed by prizes. This is not necessarily coquetry, it's often real. They eschew honours for many reasons: Modesty, impostor syndrome, avoidance of visibility (e.g. to avoid detractors), feeling that a prize also implies a responsibility (for the future) that they do not want to take on, or because they think it's creating an atmosphere of competition which they do not support. They just want to do research and be left alone.

They just want to do research and be left alone. — I would also like a pony.

@JeffE "Pony"! ;-) I ran out of characters, trying to explain to possible motives for OP's point. With the global dominance of US-style research atmosphere, has it become so unthinkable that researchers might want to concentrate just on research? Not being media stars, not running after grants, not opening businesses, not creating scientific franchises, not being figureheads, not collecting medals, just doing their stuff. And yet, that's what most research was like in Europe, until around the 80s. Much here is discussed as if the US perspective were the only possible one. Sorry, it's not.

@CaptainEmacs Oh, no, it's not at all unthinkable, even in the US, that researchers might want to be left alone to do research.  But what we want does not always coincide with reality.  And there is an enormous difference between "not being media stars, not running after grants, not opening businesses, not creating scientific franchises, not being figureheads, not collecting medals" and actively refusing recognition.

@JeffE For a pop singer participating in a competition, then voted for as Eurovision candidate and then deciding to reject his nomination, as happened in Germany, you would be right. He joined the competition, so people have a reasonable expectation that he is willing to go for the prize and the responsibility it entails if he wins. As a scientist, all you agree to is to join a scholarly activity, and publish, and, if your head of department squeezes you, gain grants. Some introverted people or people from "introversion"-primed societies really do not want the extra attention from a prize.

I can't downvote, but the note about Sartre is simple speculation without any proof and taints an answer that is, otherwise, quite good.

@Odexios Ok, it's contentious, but more than speculation, but less than corroborated fact - a claim by a member of the Nobel committee: http://www.newappsblog.com/2013/07/sartre-and-the-myth-of-the-nobel-prize-money-.html I will change that.

Get over yourself.
This isn't about you.  And this isn't really even about your work.  This is about a community celebrating its own values, by recognizing the individuals that best represent those values.
"True scholars" don't exist in a vacuum.  We are part of a community of scholars.  We use resources created by that community, most obviously in the form of the work of our predecessors ("shoulders of giants"), but more indirectly through the efforts of colleagues, teachers, students, advisors, committee members, letter-writers, department chairs, librarians, referees, editors, conference organizers, and funding agencies that make our work possible.  We owe that community an incredible debt.  Accepting recognition gives you an opportunity, which most people never have, to display the gratitude that you owe that community.
It's noble and selfless not to pursue recognition, but by actively declining recognition, you are making a clear and public statement that the offered recognition—and by extension, the community that offers it—is either inappropriate or beneath your notice.
If you actually believe that the university has selected you inappropriately, either through incompetence or malice, or that the ethical and intellectual standards of the university are so compromised that you don't want to support them, then of course you should refuse the prize.  Otherwise, refusal is simply selfish; the appropriate response is to accept the recognition with humility and gratitude, and then get back to work.

Let me add a response to a specific comment by @CaptainEmacs:

As a scientist, all you agree to is to join a scholarly activity, and publish, and, if your head of department squeezes you, gain grants. Some introverted people or people from "introversion"-primed societies really do not want the extra attention from a prize.

I respectfully disagree with the first sentence.  Becoming a scientist entails more than just doing research and publishing the results of that research.  We also have an ethical obligation to evaluate our colleagues' work (because they evaluate ours), to write recommendation letters for our students and junior colleagues (because our advisors and senior colleagues have written them for us), and to make our work visible (because we work for the benefit of the community, not just for ourselves).  And yes, I believe we have an ethical obligation to help promote our communities/organizations/subfields, because we have materially benefited from others' promotion of our communities/organizations/subfields.
Yes, I understand agree that some people really do not want the extra attention from prizes.  For similar reasons, some people really do not want to submit their results for peer review, or really do not want to present their work to a live audience, or really do not want to write grant proposals to obtain the necessary resources for their work.  But sometimes we all have to do things we really don't want to do.

I probably wouldn't judge the OP so harshly. There may be a cultural background to the question. Please check my response comment to Pete Clark for details.

(1/2) I believe there is indeed a cultural influence here (the OP calls this an ethics issue) but that does not make JeffE's answer any less accurate. While I would probably not have used the phrasing he did, his essential message that awards are not strictly about the recipient is on target.

(2/2) In England it has been cultural for generations that those of lower classes should not aspire to the upper classes. Know your place has been a watchword among many of the working class and an admonition used by the gentry. Today that is changing as people realize the Machiavellian flaw in this cultural norm designed to keep people from being "uppity". This aspiring young scholar must compete in a global society and to do so may need to re-evaluate his self-denial ethics and their appropriateness in the context of his real world work community.

Sorry Jeff, I disagree, and particularly -1 for Get over yourself and for refusal is simply selfish. How is it selfish to stand up to the principles you believe in, even sacrificing material benefits in the process? You may legitimately disagree with OP's philosophy, but to describe it as selfish to decline a medal is bizarre and illogical. OP has absolutely no responsibility to agree to be a symbol of something he doesn't believe in, or to help the community express values, even ones he does agree with, in a way that he objects to (or, for that matter, to feel any humility or gratitude).

@O.M.Y. I wasn't thinking about England, in fact. There are other countries where flaunting success may incur social sanctions. A Japanese (or so I was told) proverb says: "the nail that sticks out is battered into place". A similar proverb holds for Germany (which had a much less pronounced social stratification, until recently). From my time there I remember that recipients of awards there needed to be extra carefully downplaying it not to tread on people's toes. Plus, unless of status elevated utterly beyond suspicion, awards given out were viewed with skepticism.

@JeffE, I second goblin. Your text seems a preaching and not an answer to the OP's question which is about how to politely decline the award. The same way as this stackexchange is not about answering questions related to someone's decision ('shopping questions'), it is also not about teaching someone what a good scientist is - especially when the OP hasn't even asked you about it.

@John the answer clearly states that it is not possible to do so polutely, which answers the question.

@JeffE,  papers don't have dictatorial and preachy section headers.  What you think stands out from the wall of text could be construed to be in a rude tone by OP (and others), regardless of your good intentions.

@JeffE "We also have an ethical obligation to evaluate our colleagues' work (because they evaluate ours)" - well, this kind of emphasises my point that you take a US-centric approach. This peer-review concept, while not originating in the US, has been strongly promoted as "the 'right' evaluation" model by US-style research. I do my duty in peer-review because I am realistic, but the amount of review work that I have to do to in fixing third parties' unsatisfactory papers (instead of offering that time to students of the department that pays me) makes me doubt that this is a good investment.

@JeffE I am highly sceptical of peer-review as a model (and it's no justification that hiring committees rely on this; the former drives the latter); and I am not alone on that. Now, to link to OP's question: I interpret your statement as taking an award as a special form of peer-review. Now, the OP cannot get papers counting towards his career without passing peer-review as gate-keeper. However, the award is an unsought peer-assessment. Most of us (including me) would like that appreciation. But I think that OP's position is perfectly legitimate, if lonely.

@JeffE To conclude my long series of comments: your response is taking a "you are hurting the community - this is the one right way to see this action" approach. Perhaps I even agree with the first part. But arguing from a  communities' perspective can get into a groupthink-like moral high ground argument ("you owe the community ...") without even considering that the odd-man-out may just have a point. "...sometimes we all have to do things we really don't want to do." - indeed. But accepting an award one does not believe in is not in that strong category.

I'm pretty sure it has more or less been covered, but sometimes when you decide to set aside a moral or ideological constraint that may or may not hold you back in other fields, you are going to relax your other constraints as well. This happens because suddenly some things prove not to be crucial, or the alternatives, once tasted, may be too lucrative. Also You will at some level of consciousness start believing that if it's alright to drop one constraint, it's alright to drop others too. It is better to (moderately) punish oneself for making an exception for extraordinary circumstances imho.

That said, I agree with most of your points, I just believe one's own morals and rules are very important and should not be put aside because of one event alone.

@John Your comment is fundamentally against the core mission of SO/SE. The core mission of Stack Exchange is to provide valuable knowledge to people dealing with real problems. It is absolutely appropriate to challenge an asker's desired approach when a large portion of the community regards it as a fundamentally bad idea. This answer may not have a very good tone, and if that's the problem you have with it, that's fine. But the idea that you should never challenge an asker's underlying assumptions is horrible for SE in general and will lead to it being a less useful site.

@jpmc26, I fail to understand where in JeffE's 'answer' is an actual answer to OP's question. CaptainEmacs actually provided an actual answer, with cautious remarks, and a summary of potential consequences in the OP's professional career. That is a perfect way to address the specific question in a way to also help the wider audience. In JeffE's answer, it is all advice on and personal opinions and preaching on for example how to behave as a good scientist. This does not sound like the aim for SE, and if it is becoming like one I would like to leave it.

I consider this answer to be very rude and disrepsectful to the OP. They have made the decision that they are declining the award for their own personal reasons - end of. The question is how to do so politely, not whether or not they should be doing so. Also I disagree that all scientists work for the benefit of the community, there are many who pursue science for the sake of pursuing it and the enjoyment they get from doing so. Similarly as a programmer, I program because I enjoy doing so, not because I want to write useful programs that help people.

@Pharap: You perhaps fail to see what JeffE and I and others see. Do you consider it possible to politely say the following exact sentence to the university: "I am the dumbest student in the university but I still got the top overall grade!" No it is not!! Similarly, some of us believe that what the asker is asking for is impossible, even though we may have differing reasons for believing so. My reason is basically contained in this very comment.

@John: With respect, I fail to understand how "don't do this" is not an answer to the question. To take a more extreme example, if somebody asked you "How should I commit suicide?", I would hope the answer you would give them would be "Don't do it, for reasons X, Y, Z, ...". The fact that the question assumes a certain kind of answer is appropriate does not necessarily entail that the best answer is of that kind. I see your point that the answer could have been worded in a less-opinionated manner, but JeffE's response is certainly an answer to the question.

@user21820 Yes, I do. The OP can simply say "I am sorry but I simply cannot accept this award because I do not feel that I am deserving of it. Perhaps there is someone else more deserving to whom you could give the award?" Also, the award isn't necissarily for getting the best marks, just for having good marks.

My answer to your question is that I think that you should seriously rethink your opinion about "True Scholars" (I will expound on the reasons below) but if you are unable or unwilling to do so then rather than refuse to accept awards in your own name, accept them on behalf of all students at the university and use whatever prize money may be attached to create a scholarship program for the benefit of future "true scholars". Who knows, you might be able to set up the scholarship for "true scholars" only and require recipients to pledge to refuse all awards in order to be awarded the scholarship.
As for the idea that a "True Scholar" accepts no awards/rewards, respectfully that is poppycock! It is correct that a true scholar seeks no award but that is not the same thing.
When a colleague says "Thank you" or "Good job" do you decline that? If not then you are a hypocrite because those too are awards of an informal nature. Tell those pesky colleagues to knock it off.
What about merit scholarships? Those are also a form of award based on accomplishments, should those be refused by students needing funds to complete their studies? or should they only be for merit in fields unrelated to the student's studies?
A true scholar seeks no awards and does what he or she does for the love of the work, but accepting kudos is part of the human experience and unless you plan to be a hermit you need to be part of the human experience.
Furthermore, awards signify reputation and reputation is part of the work because it allows your work to be considered more seriously by others. It is part of the work because without peer review and collaboration the work cannot progress. A paper is published on the merit of the work, but it is considered (moved to the top of the review stack) on the reputation of the author(s). Without reputation a paper can be delayed and possibly ignored for a great deal of time. Getting published is part of the work of a modern scholar because that is how the work is shared and expanded on.
In a bygone era when scholars were few, a scholar's reputation could be established by word of mouth or letters of introduction. But in a world with millions of scholars spread globally in multiple languages, the reputation of a scholar is crucial to being able to separate the wheat from the chaff. People's time is valuable so why would they bother reading a research paper or proposal from an "unknown" with no reputation. A person who does not have a reputation may very well have a wonderful insight into an important matter but if his or her insight is never considered by others so what?!
Finally, I propose to you that saying no true scholar accepts awards is part of the NTS fallacy. Saying this means that any scholar who dares to accept an award for the work they have done is not a "real" scholar, thus by that logic Albert Einstein was a fake. Poppycock I say again!

"saying no true scholar accepts awards is part of the NTS fallacy" - that's not what OP says. S/he says: "a true scholar should have no interest in fame and prizes". A slight, but important difference.

@Captain: Right, but declining something that someone presents you with does not imply less interest in fame than accepting it.  I am reminded of Richard Feynmann describing his brief desire not to accept the Nobel Prize.  A kindly journalist spoke to him off the record and convinced him there was no way to do it without kicking up much more of a stink.  (And cf. Grigori Perelman for the flip side of that story.)

By declining the award, the OP implies that he, a student, knows what a true scholar is more than the faculty who decided on the award.  Well, there is no contradiction there: he could be right.  But the act of declining is a significant piece of politics, which will probably draw some attention.  IMO it is more in keeping with a true scholar to just say "Thank you" and get back to work.

@PeteL.Clark I agree with you, partly. I avoided the Feynman example, as it is probably on the wrong side of the boundary - he tried to leave the NAS (he didn't want to be member of an institution whose job was to decide who was worthy of being in it), but how did he get there in the first place? He attempted to leave it only once he could afford it. Agreed, the gracious thing is to be polite and accept. But I see a downside, too. Why being given awards one did not ask for? It may also be a self-promotion of the giver. "Good Job!" can be appreciative or patronising, depending on context.

@PeteL.Clark Another point. I have worked with people from many cultures; there are cultures where there are routes of belief where self-aggrandisement is strictly frowned upon. To me, I read between the lines that the OP may have such a background. Awards can be a real embarrassment for people embracing certain philosophical lines from such cultures. Even in some countries in Europe, showing off was a strict no-no, and success incl. awards needed to be downplayed to not upset peers (no joke!). This changed about 2 decades ago due to US influence.

@Captain: Yes, the point made in your latter comment in very well taken.  I think it is likely that the OP is informed by deep cultural sensibilities here.  I think that's actually part of a good answer: if the OP turns down the award saying that in his cultural upbringing such awards are embarrassing / inappropriate, that goes a long way to mollifying any offense he may cause.

@CaptainEmacs -- the poster said "I believe that a true scholar should have no interest in fame and prizes" which is by basic semantics equivalent to saying "It is my opinion that those who are interested in fame and prizes are not true scholars", ergo "No true scholar would be interested in fame and prizes." Maybe the OP did not realize his statement resolves this way but it does.

@O.M.Y. Your argument creeps slowly from interpreting OP's "I believe that ... should ..." as "No ... would ...". I do not think it is fair to the OP to put words in his mouth that they didn't use. You want to make a point, and disagree with the OP, fair enough. But we should respect where they are coming from. You make your interpretation sound absolute, similar to your response above; maybe you are right, but give yourself (and the OP) an ever so small benefit of doubt?

The interpretation is pretty clear. Try this exact quote by the OP: "I believe that a true scholar should have no interest in fame and prizes and that is exactly the reason I declined all the prizes given to me so far (I want to remain a true scholar)." [emphasis added] ... summation: I declined all prizes because I want to remain a TS ergo to accept any prize makes me not a TS because *no TS can accept prizes" --- it's pretty hard to interpret it any other way. Again, maybe the OP did not realize his statement resolves this way but it does.

You commenters are using flawed logic! When I say I do A because I want to be B, that doesn't imply if I do not do A, I cannot be B.

@reinierpost -- the OP said I do A because I want to remain B, implying that if he does the opposite he will lose the status of being B.

OP may or may not feel that way; it doesn't logically follow.  If I don't drink alcohol because I want to remain an upstanding citizen, it doesn't follow that I consider it impossible to drink alcohol and be an upstanding citizen.

The OP has stated "I believe that a true scholar should have no interest in fame and prizes". Based on his own words he is obviously does feel that way. This is the last response I will make on this subject.

I don't know precisely which university you are at, but at least at the University of Sydney the University Medal is not merely a medal or an award. Its also a grade and is printed on your degree as such. So for instance, possible grades for an Honours degree are "2nd class honours", then "1st class honours", then "1st class honours with university medal" (source: the latter is what is printed on my degree). So to reject the university medal is about as absurd as trying to reject "first class honours" on your Honours degree.
EDIT: I am elaborating in response to a comment below. From Wikipedia

In some universities, the University Medal is treated as a distinct division or class of the Honours degree ("First class Honours and University Medal").

This includes the biggest university in Australia. So, at a minimum, make sure you are not at such a university, or else your question does not make much sense. For Americans, it is like asking how to turn down a grade of Magna Cum Laude on a Bachelor's degree. And even if the OP is not at such a university he should hesitate to turn down something which is, at least on a de-facto level, simply considered as a division of an Honours degree. Employers will simply assume he was in a lower division.
EDIT 2: I am updating this again to provide more context on the university medal. The university of Sydney explicitly lists this as a grade: honours grades at University of Sydney. Depending on the institute, in Australia the university medal often goes to several students. For example, here are the university medal guidelines from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). The Science faculty at UTS hands out from 3 to 6 of these in a year. Moreover, they are usually given to the students with the highest average grades, and the latter is typically the main (or sole) criteria for them. An average of 85% (High Distinction level) across the subject is a typical prerequisite.
Grade inflation is a pretty serious problem in Australia, and my feeling is that more university medals are handed out now than in the past. At least in academia, some employers or potential PhD advisors really do look for, or even expect, potential students to have a university medal. Either explicitly or by default, in the Australian university system the university medal plays mostly the same role that the top Latin Honours plays in other countries. Especially if the OP wants a career in academia, I encourage him to think again before insisting on receiving a lower grade on his Honours Degree.

Why are you writing this as an answer? You're not in any way answering the posed question. What you're saying isn't incorrect, but it's not an answer. -1.

How so? If the OP is at an institute where the medal is considered a class of the Honours degree then declining it is both impossible and something that makes no sense. Imho it makes no sense to refuse a "summa cum laude" or an A and a question asking how to do so is kind of silly. And even if he is not at such an institute (which the OP should check!), then I think it provides useful context to know that a medal is commonly considered as a grade at other major universities, and so many people defacto consider it as such and just assume the OP did not achieve it if its not on the CV.

Yes thats correct, the university medal (at least at many departments in Australia) is usually awarded to several graduating students.

Yes, but worse the OP is offending his thesis advisor, who likely had to fight for him to be one of the recipients of the medal in a committee.

@faisceaux What in the world are you talking about? Are you saying that declining the medal is physically impossible? Did you even read the question? It is stated therein that he/she has already declined some of these awards, so it is very much possible. The analogies with getting good grades is also completely misplaced: you have to showcase your grades in order to apply for jobs or enroll in further courses. You dont have to showcase your medals, they are not a requirement. If employers did not care about grades, then I am sure the OP would choose to decline being graded as well.

I dont think you understand what the "university medal" is. Please see the wikipedia link I provided. At many institutes in Australia it is not really an award (despite the name!), but an entire division/class of Honours degree. I.e. it basically is the same as "magna cum laude" at these institutes, and multiple people receive it. Its not "analogous" to a grade it literally is a grade (although it also comes with a medal). This is a uniquely Australian phenomenon I believe.

To do a phd (at least in Australia), you only need first class honors (no university medal). Some universities even accept second class honors upper division.

@Aditya. Indeed, first class honours is usually the explicit requirement. But many of the more "in demand" advisors look for people with university medals (at least this was the case a few years ago, in pure maths).  Also, if you want to consider going overseas, to a top uni in the UK or US (and you should consider it), then a university medal is very helpful or even basically necessary. If you are thinking of doing a PhD (in maths) and want advice from someone who has been through the system, feel free to PM me.

Do you mind if I ask where you did your phd? I did a double degrees in electrical engineering and pure math; I am going to concentrate on control theory which has a lot of math. I am thinking of going to Caltech.

Thanks. I am not really sure how to communicate privately on SE? if I had your email, I could email you. Congratulations for your postdoc.

It's nice to see another answer using purely logical arguements instead of emotionally charged ones.

hmm, I went to a high school which had no academic prizes because the head thought they were wrong. I received a prize for being top of my year as an undergrad at a well-known English university.
I am now a professor at an Australian university and regularly participate in deciding the award of the honours medal for my subject.
If you wrote me a letter thanking me for awarding the honours medal and saying that you did not want to accept a prize or medal since prizes conflict with your values, I would think you were a bit odd but I would not be offended.
For what it's worth, I think that honours medals tend to be awarded very objectively, but prizes, in general, in academe are very political and taken far too seriously. Academic careers are unfortunately about building prestige in various ways to land a prestigious job. If you get a non-prestigious job you will probably have a heavy teaching load and little research money and so not much time for scholarship.

+1 for a constructive and alternative perspective on the issue.

I think the short answer is GautierC's comment: Send them a letter politely explaining why you reject the prize. Make clear that you are not rejecting it because you have some problem with the people awarding it, i.e. it's not "I don't want to be associated with people like you who do X", but a general principle you follow. Do it far enough in advance so that they can give the prize to someone else.
But on a larger scale, I question the premise of your question. "I believe that a true scholar should have no interest in fame and prizes." Personally, I haven't sought any sort of awards or prizes since I was in high school. But when on occassion someone offers me some award or honor, I think it's simply polite to accept it and sound grateful. Telling people, "I don't care about your awards" sounds arrogant and rude. You're telling them that their opinions don't matter. Imagine if you paid a compliment to someone -- whether it's "that was an excellent paper you published in that prestigious journal" or "that dress is very pretty" or whatever -- and the person replied, "I don't care about your opinion." You would surely feel insulted.
You don't have to be scrambling after fame and posing for the cameras to accept an award that is offered you. Just say "thank you", accept the award, and put the plaque or certificate or whatever in the closet and don't worry about it. Then the people who gave the award are happy, and you are not hurt in any way.
I think this position of yours could ultimately lead to others not wanting to work with you. They will feel slighted and insulted at your rejection of their offers.
When you apply for a job, being able to list awards and honors on your resume will surely help. Similarly when applying for a research grant. I guess you could say, "I rejected numerous awards because accepting awards violates my eithical standards", but if I was evaluating the application, I'd suspect that was an excuse for not earning any.

The last paragraph here is key for me.

I agree with your answer about sending a polite letter and the comment that being able to list awards looks good on a CV, but I don't agree that respectfully declining a reward is insulting or implies that the OP would be saying "I don't care about your awards", nor do I think that people would refuse to work with the OP simply because he refused an award.

@Pharap RE Refuse to work with him because: If he refused one time, and handled it politely, probably not. if it's part of a pattern of behavior that others perceive as arrogant or rude, maybe. That's what I meant by "ultimately": I don't see how rejecting an award could be interpreted as anything other than "I don't care about your awards" -- unless it's "I don't want to be associated with your organization". How else could one interpret a rejection other than "I don't think this is important" or something harsher?

@Jay It could be interpreted as the person being humble and thinking they don't deserve the award, the precise opposite of arrogance. That's not the case here but it's a perfectly legitimate reason to want to refuse an award.

@Jay Actually looking at the newly edited information, it seems that this is linked to humbility afterwards, but of a more extreme nature.

@parap I don't see how, "I don't believe that True Scholars such as myself should accept such awards because they are beneath our noble calling" could be interpreted as humility. But whatever. Wasn't my main point. We obviously disagree.

@Jay I hope there isn't a user with the name 'parap' because if there is they just got a message about a conversation they weren't involved in.

@Pharap Whoops, typo. If there is a user named "parap", I hope he wasn't totally traumatized.

To show that the other opinions are not shared unilaterally, not even in the US, here a statement by Feynman, the Nobel Prize winner, himself:
"I don't like honors. I'm appreciated for the work that I did, and for people who appreciate it, and I notice that other physicists use my work. I don't need anything else. I don't think there's any sense to anything else. I don't see that it makes any point that someone in the Swedish Academy decides that this work is noble enough to receive a prize. I've already got the prize. The prize is the pleasure of finding the thing out, the kick in the discovery, the observation that other people use it. Those are the real things. The honors are unreal to me. I don't believe in honors. It bothers me, honors. Honors is epilets, honors is uniforms. My poppa brought me up this way. I can't stand it, it hurts me. When I was in High School, one of the first honors I got was to be a member of the Arista, which is a group of kids who got good grades. Everybody wanted to be a member of the Arista. I discovered that what they did in their meetings was to sit around to discuss who else was worthy to join this wonderful group that we are. OK So we sat around trying to decide who would get to be allowed into this Arista. This kind of thing bothers me psychologically for one or another reason. I don't understand myself. Honors, and from that day to this, always bothered me. I had trouble when I became a member of the National Academy of Science, and I had ultimately to resign. Because there was another organization, most of whose time was spent in choosing who was illustrious enough to be allowed to join us in our organization. Including such questions as: 'we physicists have to stick together because there's a very good chemist that they're trying to get in and we haven't got enough room...'. What's the matter with chemists? The whole thing was rotten . Because the purpose was mostly to decide who could have this honor. OK? I don't like honors."
He actually played with the idea of not receiving the prize ("Surely you are joking, Mr.Feynman"), but he grudgingly acceded that there was no way to get out without having more hassle. So you are not alone in your way of thinking, Perelman who declined the Fields Medal is another example.
So what is the problem ? If you are declining something, you are sending always the message "It has for me not such a value that it something to strive for". If someone offers you then a prize or honor, people are forced to reason for themselves if a prize or honor is really something to be proud of, you are subconsciously attacking their judgement.
Back to the counterarguments:

" the medal is not just for you - it is for everybody that supported
  you and, in fact, indirectly for your class, and lecturers."
  "This is
  about a community celebrating its own values, by recognizing the
  individuals that best represent those values.[...] Accepting
  recognition gives you an opportunity, which most people never
  have[bold by me], to display the gratitude that you owe that community."

I think the reason is simple: The western world, especially the US, has two conflicting values: Everyone should be treated equal and people should strive for the best and leaving the competition behind. This is per definition impossible.
One acceptable solution may be: People are striving and fighting, but the collective must approve the final result. This "most people never have" is particularly telling: Why should people base their decision on what many other people which they have nothing to do with get?
By declining you are essentially denying them their power to influence you which gives them the illusion to have some control over the situation. That may be the reason people are arguing "that he thinks better of himself" and acting hurt and angry.
I find it particularly strange that here in Academia people are unaware of invisible filter bubbles. We have a huge number of different and known cultures (Deaf, LBGT, religious rights) who have a decidedly other viewpoint than the consensus. Why have people here so much trouble to understand that denying honors may have reasons which do not imply negative judgement of other people and that there people and cultures out there which even value such decisions?

However, in today's very crowded fields, a prize is like a flag that
  demonstrates "this is how things should be done". It sets a signal of
  example for others.

Counterargument: Why not simply celebrating the content of the research itself? Time will tell always if a discovery has any worth. And how embarassing for the prize giver if the prize and acknowledgment reward bad or offensive research. It may send "We were so blinded that we did not see the true nature of the research" and it gives an incentive for the prize giver to sweep bad decisions under a rug.

People's time is valuable so why would they bother reading a research
  paper or proposal from an "unknown" with no reputation.

Because it is good science.
Sure, we have now the situation that there are so many people in the academic environment that you need to filter and choose, so your position has strong merit. On the other hand: If everyone never read anything apart from a specific group assigned with merit and good research is never capable to enter the academic mainstream: Is such an academic system not broken by definition?

We also have an ethical obligation to evaluate our colleagues' work
  (because they evaluate ours),
  to write recommendation letters for our students and junior colleagues
  (because our advisors and senior colleagues have written them for us),
  and to make our work visible (because we work for the benefit of the
  community, not just for ourselves). And yes, I believe we have an
  ethical obligation to help promote our communities/organizations
  /subfields, because we have materially benefited from others' promotion
  of our communities/organizations/subfields.

If you view the history, some countries give or gave away university education essentially for free (which is still practised in some countries), provide research opportunities without grants and with less competition there was no pressure to write recommendation letters. So many arguments you mention are much more culture-specific than you may have thought.
I accept that not receiving honors will make live a lot more difficult and the decision to do this should be carefully considered, but I do not accept that declining honors is a bad thing.

To clarify: in my response I mentioned the counterarguments, as well as arguments, because the OP deserves to understand where the other side comes from; this was not to belittle the OP's point. I really like your exposition: it makes crystal clear how culture-dependent the view on prize-accepting actually is, and the Feynman quote is just right to the point. I furthermore see some deep insight in your observation that "By declining you are essentially denying them their power to influence you...". Indeed, the most judgemental comments are where posters see themselves judged by the OP.

And, although you contradict my responses, I still like your comments: "Why not celebrate research" - I agree with this, almost totally; there is no greater reward than discover new phenomena, principles, etc. Again, I saw my job as responder to give the OP an idea why prizes exist, and why it may make sense for him to accept them, and what it means to others. And it's part of the context to clarify that not accepting has a cost. And, I studiously avoided Feynman since he could afford to turn down any honour he liked or offend anyone as he thought fit - few others would ever have this luxury.

@CaptainEmacs First thanks for your nice response. I already did understand that you do not straightly oppose the original poster as your comments with JeffE pointed out. Your sentence itself was right to the point so I could not resist to use it. Yes, Feynman was famous, but on the other hand he showed his behavior from his youth on and was able to get famous with it. I think that many people can still distinguish real nastiness from cheeky behavior with a good heart behind it.

This is an extremely good and insightful answer, and not just because of the Feynman quote (which itself should be mandatory reading for everyone, to remind them that OP is in very good company in his beliefs about awards). I wish it gets a lot more attention. Thank you!

I adore Feynman, he is an inspiration to me and I am not even a scientist. However it seems to me that a CAREFUL reading of his explanation of his view on "honors" shows he is not actually talking about awards (plaques, trophies, medals), he is actually talking about elitist organizations which give out awards. Those kinds of organizations bother me too. It is a lot like the difference between faith (the internal viewpoint) and religion (the external organization). Many people have deep profound views on faith but detest all organized religions seeing them as exploitations of faith.

As you can see from the other answers, a lot of people will get offended by your refusal to accept the award. Most academics greatly value the endless list of awards and honors that they give to each other, and no matter how you say it, they will interpret a refusal to accept an award as saying you're better than them in some way. Trying to explain that it's nothing personal and is part of a belief system of yours will likely be like talking to a wall. My suggestion would be to just accept the award, not because it's the right thing to do, but because of the damage it would do to your career and reputation by refusing it. Sometimes you have to do unpleasant things to further your career, and this is a relatively minor one.

Just a few minor points in light of the useful answers already given:

If a True Scholar should not have interest in fame and prizes, that does not necessarily mean s/he would decline them, it means s/he would not mind them when studying/researching. So your conclusion does not seem to follow from your ethical stance (which I am not judging). At least, it does not necessarily follow. Going to a lot of trouble to refuse an award seems to indicate some level of interest.
If you had not already decided how to act, I would have encouraged you to give a moment's thought to the following question: Do you believe another person should get the award, or no person should get the award? Assuming it's the latter, I think that a refusal to accept the award phrased not as personal humility but as a principled objection to the system of awards would be less offensive. However, as @faisceaux suggests, in Australia things are more complicated.
When I was a Teaching Assistant I would often argue against grading students. I mean, obviously you want to mark errors in homework and make comments about the content, and a pass/fail is reasonable (usually) - but I didn't approve of putting people on a scale of who's best, for multiple reasons which I won't go into. Of course I was never made the TA-in-charge of any course I was in.


text:
Donating money to scientific research after my death
I'm lucky - I probably won't have to provide for any loved ones after I die (they can take care of themselves). That means I can use my assets on whatever I want, and most likely, that will be science. The exact amount I can spare depends on how much longer I have to live, but an order of magnitude estimate is $10 million.
I understand that most funding requires proposals from the scientists, which are then peer reviewed. I'm not particularly interested in that. Instead I'm thinking of finding people working on what I'm most interested in (cosmology) and funding them to do whatever they want, trusting in their integrity to use the funds appropriately.
Questions:

Is it better to use the funds as a one-shot lump sum, or make it sustainable (that is, keep the principal, and use only the interest on that for funding)?
What is a good amount to provide a single professor? Is it better to provide one researcher with the $10 million, or ten different researchers with $1 million, or some other number?
How do I go about this? Can I just ask for the professors' bank account numbers, and write in my will to transfer $X into that account?
I'd like to talk to the professors, preferably face-to-face, to assess their character. Are the professors likely to be willing to talk?

EDIT: Thanks for answers. I'll need to think about it. I'm not keen on funding PhD students since there're already too many graduates and too few permanent positions. I'm also not keen on funding a fellowship because when I wrote my own applications there were so very many fellowships, many of which required their own separate application. I'm hoping to make things easy.
I also want to free some scientists from spending so much of their time writing funding proposals. Endowing a chair is a possibility but that ties the money to a single university, which is again something I need to think about. Hopefully there'll be many more years before I die to sort all these out, and thanks again for answers.

Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.

This is amazing. You sound like you're an emeritus professor worried about how to spend the last decade or two of his life, whereas 1 month ago you were worried about whether graduate admissions would care about you having cheated on an exam when you were 8 years old. Time sure flies!!

@Mehrdad, I could live to a hundred, or I might be knocked down by a car tomorrow and killed. Grim. PS, if you've been looking through my questions, you should've realized that I ask questions about things that happened in the past - sometimes by a long time.

Funding people instead of projects is in fact a good idea if you are interested in a supporting fundamental research problems to be addressed. There are multiple ways to go about this, and it's a reasonably well established principle, so you might want to search around a bit how other funding organizations and (non-profit) foundations approach this.

Lump sum vs. funding from interest is really a choice between aiming at one or two breakthroughs within a period of 5 to 10 years vs. continuously supporting research in a specific field, on a smaller scale, over 50 to 100 years. This relates to the answer of the next questions...
Amount to give to a single professor: A strategy for short term funding (using up the capital) would be to fund the establishment of a new research group, i.e., pay the salary of someone early in their career (assistant or associate professor level) plus some funds for research staff (PhD students and post-docs). I would recommend a funding level of $2M (that is what the Consolidator Grant of the European Research Council provides for a period of 5 years) to $5M per professor, depending on how much expensive equipment and materials are needed to do this research. That means you could fund 2 to 5 such groups. After the period of funding at that level, these persons should have achieved sufficient research results to be self-sustainable, though you cannot be sure that they will continue working on the kind of questions you aimed to fund.
For long term funding, I would recommend donating the whole sum as a Financial endowment (see Endowed professorships) to one university. If you assume an interest rate of 1 %, it will pay $100k per year, which might be just enough to pay a professor's salary, or, if the university agrees to pay the professor, could be used to fund 1 - 2 PhD students or post-docs working with the professor.
How to spend the money: Don't transfer that money to a professor's private account. Professors get research budgets from their universities, and if the funder wants to, the spending restrictions can be extremely flexible while still making sure that the money is only used on research related costs. So you either need to make an agreement with a university for them to administer the money according to the stipulations you agree on, or set up a foundation that administers the money and pays it to universities, who then put it in the research budget of the professors that it's meant to support. For the first option, you may want to contact a university's alumni or financial office, or maybe the dean of a department in the area you'd like to support.
Don't plan to select the persons you're funding yourself. First, it's better to fund young researchers, and if you talk to potential candidates while you still can do it, I'd hope that these will be old, or at least senior researchers, by the time the money becomes available. Instead, choose the persons that will do the selection. In the endowment case, that would be the university department that gets the endowment. Make sure that the general research direction and overall functioning of the department fits to your aims, and only select them if you're reasonably confident that they will use the money according to your aims. In the non-profit foundation case, I'd suggest setting up an advisory board with reputable scientists in the field you'd like to fund, and let them run the selection. Keep in mind that the composition of this group (institutions they come from, character, etc.) will be an important factor in who they select for funding. If this is going to operate over a longer time, make sure that there are regulations in place how new persons can enter the advisory board when you won't be there anymore.

I'm just curious if those start up funds are specific to cosmology or across fields?

Thanks for the answer. Can you clarify why it's not a good idea to select the persons I'll fund myself? I have some knowledge of cosmology, and besides since it's so hard to become a professor, I imagine that any professor at any  major university would be suitable.

@Allure I am not sure I agree with the argument not to choose the people oneself, provided one has a sufficiently deep understanding of the matter to judge whether the work of these people goes in the direction one supports. However, one should have a mechanism in place to replace these people should they become unavailable.

What does "fundamental research problems to be addressed" mean exactly?

@Allure Even if you know the research field well, it seems better not to have a lot of time between selection of the researcher to fund and the start of the actual funding. So it depends a lot on when you are expecting to die (which I hoped was not too soon).

You are in a fortunate position, and so are the ones who may benefit from your generosity.
I imagine that you will have no problem getting people to talk to you. As far as modalities are concerned, the easiest way to find out how to do this best is probably to talk to someone in the "development office" of university of your choice. Just transferring the money into a professor's bank account is not a winning strategy, because that person might have to pay taxes and you'd have no guarantee that the money is actually spent on research (as opposed to a nice vacation in the Caribbean). On the other hand, development offices are well equipped to deal with donors. Options include making your money a "no strings attached" grant to an individual professor, endowing a "chair", or endowing fellowships for graduate students or postdocs in a particular area of research -- in essence, universities will be very happy to take your money, but you can set the conditions on how it will be used. All of this includes helping you draft details of these arrangements that will then become part of your will and that will be executed when the time comes.
If you talk to someone in a research university's development office, you will find out that your situation is more common than you may think. Your contacts there will have seen every variation of arrangements and should be able to help you find ways to achieve what you want!

One suggestion to consider is endowing a Professorial chair. The cost of this I believe is something like $5 million.
The university would take care of the administration and it would be an ongoing contribution to science. It would also be clear where the money is going -- the Professor's salary. This is different to making a more nebulous donation.
You can choose the area the chair should be in and its name. Potentially you could have some limited input into selecting the inaugural holder of the chair.
You would need to approach the department/university to explore this option. But bear in mind that you need to convince them that you are serious about donating.

“Potentially you could have some limited input into selecting the inaugural holder of the chair.“ sure, if you can predict the time of your death.

@DonQuiKong Or if you donate the money before you actually die, which is what usually happens.

@DavidRicherby but not what op asked ;)

FYI, the cost varies from school to school. At a smaller school, you might get more bang for your buck. Here's one from a few years ago that cost $2 million.

@DonQuiKong Actually, the question doesn't explicitly say that the money would only become available after the asker's death. It would certainly make sense to donate a good chunk of the money before dying.

@DavidRicherby it does talk about putting the professors into the will and the title says after death. But you're right, not explicitly.

@RichardErickson The $5 million figure was for Harvard computer science, but I can't find the reference anymore. I think it will vary widely even within a single university.

@DonQuiKong It's called a bequest. Conditions like who should be the initial holder are written into an agreement, then the agreement is added to the will, so the transfer of assets only occurs after death. Universities are often willing to treat an irrevocable bequest as a donation that has already occurred, e.g. naming buildings while the donor is alive.

How much money you endow is up to you. The school may suggest to do something else with the money if it's a small sum, but I'm sure that in some areas where the cost of doing research is not high (math, liberal arts, cosmology), there are plenty of chairs with an endowment of $1M or less. Even one million gives you $50k to play with per year -- a lot of good research can be done with that.

@user71659 : I have not previously encountered the concept of an irrevocable bequest.  I suspect it would be very hard to set up such a thing in (for example) England and Wales (and would vary by state in the US).

@MartinBonner An irrevocable bequest is not much different from a loan. It is a promissory note to pay X in exchange for naming rights or whatever. It's just that its only due after death. Compare this to a loan continues to be a liability to your estate after death.

@user71659 : Ah-ha!  Yes, that would work in E&W.

The best thing you could do is to contact a university Development Office - they deal with all kinds of donations for research and will be able to develop some interesting options for you.
The amount you need to give to achieve different things will differ university to university. If you get in touch and express your interest in giving to Cosmology, a Development Officer can come and speak with you about your preferences and the logistics of giving (including how endowing positions works and how payments are made). They will typically write you a proposal covering all of these things and introduce you to relevant academics, and eventually, if it's the right project for you, be able to put together a gift agreement which sets out your expectations and theirs. If you intend to make the gift in your life time the university will want to build a good relationship with you, include you in the life and work of the institution and report to you on what your gift has achieved.
It's worth noting that you don't need to fund a specific person, you can always fund a particular post (for example, a professor in cosmology or some graduate scholarships to work in a certain area) which can be held by a succession of people over decades. You can also pledge a certain amount and then fulfil that pledge over an extended period of time. FYI if you endow a post typically the institute will invest the capital to generate an annual return of anything from 4% upwards which would be the annual 'spend' (i.e in the case of a post, the salary of that person).
I would suggest in the first instance identifying a few universities who undertake work you're interested in, and then contacting the Development Office to see what they can do. The bigger universities in the US and UK in particular are very familiar with this kind of funding.
I work as a Development Officer for a university in the UK so this information is based on my professional experience.
Good luck, and I hope you find a project that you feel is really worthwhile.

You should find people/organizations who have done this in the past and see what they did and how it's working/not working, and if you can get them to open up, see if these people/organizations will provide advice for you.  Specifically for cosmology:

The Simons Foundation, which recently founded the Center for Computational Astrophysics (which has the "Cosmology X Data Science" group as one of its groups) and is providing funding the Simons Observatory, which has various cosmology telescopes in operation and planned
The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, a particularly old foundation that (among other things) has helped fund the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Sloan fellowships, among which cosmologists are recipients

In addition to seeing how these foundations do things, it may be possible that you could donate your money directly to them, which might be a relatively simple option to make sure your funds get managed properly.  I do not know at all how these foundations are set up and if they accept donations.
Beyond that, I think the best option would be to seek out a lawyer that specializes in such things and ask their advice on the best and most effective thing to do with your money.
And thanks!  Though I do not work in cosmology, my work in astrophysics has been greatly enhanced by data obtain through projects that were partly funded by private money.  Astrophysics in particular has benefited greatly from wealthy benefactors.

As it's your money, other people can only offer opinions.  You might consider that

A sustainable endowment will cost money to manage.
The more researchers you fund, the more paperwork will be required.  Organizations that give a lot of money usually use a mixture of strategies, so they must think there is no one correct answer.
Details change over time, so leave this to the executor of your estate.
Probably they will be willing to talk to you, but they prefer to be assessed by experts in their field, not unknown people.

Nearly all funding goes to institutions for management on behalf of an individual, not directly to individuals.

Don't do the dividing yourself. Let someone else do it. Or let an organization that you trust do it, doesn't have to be a big one either - it may be better to go with a smaller one so that they will honor you and spend the money more how you would of liked it to be spent

Or make your own organization

OP made clear that they do not trust peer review. I think selecting a person (a group of persons) to endow and then make sure that there is an organisation/institution managing the money that makes sure that money is spent on eligible expenses (PhDs, conference travels etc.) is probably what they are looking for.

@CaptainEmacs I don't follow how that is not what I suggested :S

It's not that I don't trust peer review, it's that I want to avoid it. A common complaint among scientists is that they spend too much time putting together proposals, most of which don't succeed. I can't change how science works at large, but I want to free some scientists from this obligation.

"Let someone else do it [...] or [...] an organisation that you trust" read this way. Perhaps I misunderstood. How would that work if not essentially someone is the peer reviewer here (even the people on the board)? In addition, small does not mean they do what you expect. I know people who were in the board of organisations and sometimes group dynamics moves in mysterious ways. I think OP is in better shape if they make clear what (including topic/group of researchers) the money is directed to and the organisation has only to manage compliance.

@Allure I think I understand you. You should make sure, though, that you specify what happens if  the people you select are not available anymore and how to prevent that money gets just burned (yes, it does happen, or sometimes the institutions people work for demand a portion of the money as overheads). Also, too much money at once may be a problem - research mostly plays the long game (with exceptions), so it may be wiser to stretch the program over time. E.g. 6 postdocs over 10 years typically beats 20 postdocs over 3 years if we talk about funding individuals rather than departments.

To add an alternative, consider investing in things that universities and national funds neglect, that is still useful or essential for research.
I am a mathematician and use a lot of software. MathOverflow, OEIS, FindStat and Wikipedia are essential tools in my research, and help hundreds to millions of people. Developing things like FindStat and other databases requires high knowledge of the field, as well as programming skills.
However, such development is not considered as 'fancy' as publications, so it is a risk to devote time to software projects as a mathematician.
Hiring developers or otherwise contribute with server costs for such projects would be a nice gesture. Or, simply ask 100 researchers to improve wikipedia articles and paying them a small sum.
What about funding a conference, where each participant can choose from a list of wiki pages that needs to be expanded (related to their field), and doing this is a prerequisite for attending?

very very very good idea. free software.

Good ideas. Updating Wikipedia is probably not happening (because of Wikipedia's conflict-of-interest policies) but I'll think about the others.

Just a thought: If you want to reduce the amount of work for funding proposals and also do not want to tie your money to a single chair/faculty, you could also establish a price.
A committee could choose "the best paper in cosmology" every year and offer 50.000$ to the author(s). This would be nearly no bureaucracy for the scientists and you would be sure that the money goes to people with interesting, new research.

Do scientists usually use prize money for further research? If not, a prize doesn't seem like funding science - it's more of a reward for a job well done.

I think it is important that the prize money is given to sufficiently young scientists (not like the Nobel prize) who are still active. More like the Fields medal, which you can only win if you are less than forty years of age. Additionally, you can apply the same restrictions as for funding and decide that the money can only be spend for research purposes.

Out of interest the university in the UK I work at takes about 30% of any grants to cover "overheads". I would assume it would be the same for any donations.
It might be worth checking in your country but I do not know if there would be a way around it.

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What to report as impact factor for a journal that had one the year I submitted my manuscript, but not in the year of publication?
I had submitted a paper in a journal whose impact factor was .78 according to Thompson Reuters citation reports in 2013. My paper got accepted in that journal and was published in 2014. The journal did not receive any impact factor for the year 2014. Sometimes I have to mention the impact factor of my papers with them but I do not know how to find the impact factor for this particular journal (It had impact factor when I submitted but when published it did not receive any impact factor). Please guide me what impact factor should I use for my above mentioned paper.
I have same question for change in the impact factor of a journal from submission time to publication time. Thank you.

Out of curiosity, when do you need to mention IFs?  I never do in my field/country.

@Kimball It seems (from reading various questions here) that in some places/fields, people are asked to list these things along with their publications when applying for jobs. I have no idea which locations or fields this applies to though (seeing as I am in the same field as you, I have also never had to do this).

Considering that IF is basically a measure of the quality of the journal and not the article itself, asking IF during interviews is a stupid practice. When people are stupid then feed them crap. Report the latest IF if it is higher than or equal to the one at the time of your publication. This is dishonesty but it is fine because you are not technically lying (an article has no impact factor in the first place).

Quick answer: the safest is to give the IF followed by the closest year of estimation: IF 3.5 (2013). The wisest is to understand why the journal does not have an IF for 2014: did it change its name, was it withdrawn from the JCR (journal citation report)?
Impact factors for one year can be available after a few months.  You can mention other sources like Scimago, that may have other figures (eigenfactor, etc).

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Which is more important to get into top CS PhD program: High GPA or industry R&D project experience?
As a computer science undergraduate I'll only be allowed to start a research project/ publication in the 3rd and 4th year at our university. I am in my 1st year 1st semester and got the chance to join R&D project firm. But I noticed that it is slightly hindering my GPA (assignments etc.).
When applying to a CS PhD program is it more beneficial to maintain a high GPA or do R&D industrial projects for 1st and 2nd year(mostly image processing based) until I get to start research publications?
Edit - I am talking about a GPA difference of around 3.6/3.7 to at least 3.8.
I forgot to mention that I may be able to join few research publications (probably nothing that can be regarded as high quality research though) if I continue to work at the R&D firm.

When you say it's "hindering your GPA" do you mean it's gone from e.g. 3.9/4 to 3.8 (almost perfect to slightly less perfect), or 3.6 to 3.2 (just above the minimum requirement for many PhD programs to below the minimum)? Please [edit] your post to clarify.

"Allowed"? Research (in CS) isn't something you wait for permission to do. You have a mind. You have a laptop. Go!

Neither.
Top CS PhD progams are looking for strong evidence of future potential as an independent researcher.  Everything else is secondary. Recommendation letters that speak directly to your research potential, in personal, technical, and credible detail, with direct comparisons with other students they have mentored who have gone on to strong PhD programs, will serve you far better than either a perfect GPA or industry internships or even both.  Strong research results are even better.
A better way to way to ask this question is...

Which is more important for finding a strong, supportive mentor and a fruitful topic for undergraduate research: high GPA or industry internships?

But even this is missing the mark. It's not your GPA that you want to maximize, but rather (1) your mastery of the material, and (2) your interactions with faculty.  A recommendation letter that says nothing but "My class was hard; Oshan got an A." is utterly useless. (We call them DWIC letters, for "Did Well In Class".)
Similarly, industry interships are only useful if they provide you with opportunities for intellectual creativity, or leverage for getting into a specific research project that you care about.  In particular, unless you actually care enough about image processing to want to do research on it, an internship doing image processing is just spinning your wheels.
The most important advice I can give is to talk to your potential research mentors as soon as possible. Ask them what they look for in potential undergraduate researchers. (They might say "a high GPA" or "industry internships", and then you have your answer.)  Ask them about their track record in placing students in top PhD programs.  Ask them what they would expect you to justify a strong recommendation letter. Ask them what sort of research they do, and how to get involved.  If they don't have time to work with you ask for pointers to interesting papers to read, problems to think about, projects to work on on your own.  Do not wait for permission; just start knocking on doors. Today.


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Are full-time and part-time postgraduate students who graduate in same year considered to be the same batch?
As I understand, in academia 'Class of 20XX' refers to students graduating during the year 20XX irrespective of the year they joined college.
Suppose for a postgraduate course, one person chooses the full-time study mode while another chooses the part-time one. Both of them graduate during the same year. Are the both considered as the same class?

In the Netherlands, I've heard this being used but more for the year they started at university. I was "lichting/class of 2009", but graduated in 2015.

Are they both considered in the same class by whom?  For what purpose?

@JeffE By the university. Purpose could be varied e.g. graduation, awards

Both of them graduate during the same year. Are they both considered as the same class?

Yes and no.  Yes, if there's a concept of the "Class of 20XX", then anyone graduating in 20XX will be considered part of it (regardless of when they started or how long they took).  However, in my experience this terminology is much less common in graduate school.  It makes some sense for programs that typically take a fixed amount of time, like medical school or law school, but it's not a particularly meaningful concept for Ph.D. programs.  It's much easier to talk about a Class of 20XX if you can predict well in advance which class you'll be in.
When I was a graduate student, we primarily identified with the cohort we entered grad school with (because of time spent studying together and preparing for the qualifying exam), rather than those who ended up graduating in the same year.  Nobody talked about a Class of 19XX.  If anyone had, it would have been clear what it meant, but it would have sounded odd.

OK, I was looking for an identifier of students who have similar shared experiences. So I guess cohort is more precise than batch or class.

As far as universities in the US go, yes.
Even on a 'full-time' program, it may take a varying amount of calendar time to complete a PhD, depending on the discipline, any issues encountered in the course of performing research, etc.


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How to normalize scores of abstracts across different reviewers at an interdisciplinary symposium?
For an interdisciplinary symposium: is it more fair to the participants to:

Average scores of submitted abstracts across different reviewers?
Estimate the overlap of the scientific domains between a participant and the reviewers, and weight different reviews accordingly? (which may introduce some bias)

(A detailed examination of reviewers is not possible. Reviewers are quite mixed, and come from different domains. Reviewers should be capable to judge most abstracts.)

To be honest, neither of the options you present sound particularly "fair".  In my field (computer science), it's fairly common to normalize review scores by looking at the distribution of scores for the 30-45 submissions each program committee member is responsible for.  Also, each reviewer is asked to rate their confidence/expertise in addition to rating the paper.

But in any case, I hope you're not basing your acceptance decisions on scores but on the content of the reviews.

it is indeed only an intermediate step

@JeffE Just playing Devil's advocate, but presumably rejection and acceptance is an implicit scoring of the abstract as 0 = reject or 1 = accept.


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Should I report students that hand in similar reports (up to small permutations) in an assignment?
I am currently correcting assignments (pass/fail) for a Bachelor's course in which I am a TA. Students write some code and then discuss their results and approach in a report (in groups of two). My task is to "review a report and provide feedback for students how to improve their report" then they do a supplementation and pass.
The task/content is the same for all students so I will naturally encounter similar results.
While writing feedback I've noticed that I was pointing out exactly the same mistakes in two reports (including the same typos in equations). Upon closer inspection I realized both groups provide the same results and (more importantly) fail to provide results in the same area, i.e. the program should be run with different parameters, both groups only run one (and the same) set of parameters.
Both reports follow the same structure with small permutations, e.g. renaming sections or rephrasing of sentences and make the same "meta" mistakes like discussing their results in the conclusion.
However, looking at the code it looks like two different implementations (i.e. they seem to be using their respective code).
My initial response was to escalate this to the professor in charge and let him deal with it, but then I realized that I might be too pedantic, which I sometimes am. (My impression is that any of the other TAs would just shrug it off as "odd", but not do anything further.)

One of the groups has already caused trouble for another reason, so I don't want to "accidentally" escalate the overall situation.
I guess my question is how to apply the ethical guidelines of "propper scientific conduct" in this gray(ish) area, given that it is some "unimportant" assignment (of many) for a Bachelor's degree course. Should the needle tip towards "turn a blind eye" or towards "no exceptions".

Yes, report it to the professor.  It is better to err on the side of keeping him informed.
If he considers that it's too minor to pursue further, then he can tell you so, and then you'll know not to report any similar incidents in the future.  But this is ultimately his decision, not yours.

You could report it without giving names first, or just discuss the general behavior in such a case. If the professor doesn't care, you are not escalating anything, if he does care you can still give the names afterwards. All in all, I agree with this answer that it is not your choice to make.

You are acting on behalf of your professor here, so try to anticipate what your professor would do. Were you given any guidelines about cheating and plagiarism that you can apply? Have there been any analogous situations in the past from which you can extrapolate?
If not, you still should make an educated guess and err on the side of escalation.
Why? Imagine your prof would find the issue to be serious and you hadn't escalated. They would conclude that you made a mistake letting this pass. Imagine, by contrast, your prof would find the issue to be insignificant and you still had escalated. For your prof this would be a minor inconvenience (having to take a second look at two assignments about which they were briefed), but they would not conclude that you made a mistake.

Students should learn about what constitutes plagiarism and what does not. Raising it with the students therefore has value.
Whether there is actual copying (from each other or a third source) is perhaps unclear, and it is not really your place to make that judgement.
Whether the students should be in any way 'punished' is sensitive to local rules/procedures and what they have been told about what they can/can't do (it is not as obvious to students what is acceptable as many academics think it is).
In most cases, the professor is the best person to make a judgement on how to proceed. In non-ideal situations, I might not point it out to the professor if I knew that they or the system would be very strict, particularly if you can't say for sure you've picked up on all instances of the same behaviour.

Actually, it is the opposite here. The system is very relaxed and I doubt there will be any consequences for the students either way. I think the worst case is that I will be a nuisance for the professor, but I'd rather be a nuisance and do what's right then the opposite.

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How can I keep my scholarship when I am in danger of failing to meet GPA requirements?
This year, I have started a mathematics graduate programm at a top level private university in my Country. I took 3 courses: Algebra 1, Analysis 1 and Commutative Algebra. During the semester, I have faced some problems, e.g. my family, and I could not able to work on my classes regularly. So, at the end, I will end up with getting a GPA about 1.5/4. The university provides a scholarship that includes my accommodation and monthly stipends. In order to keep this scholarship, my average GPA must not be below 2.7 for 2 semesters. So even if I take 3 or 4 courses and get 4.0 in the next semester, my GPA will be below 2.7. I believe sure that I can do better in the next semester.
So, what should I do? I really need some suggestions because I am very happy with the university, classes I take and the qualified lecturers.

Hi, and welcome to A.SE. Random strangers on the internet are not going to be able to help you with your problem. The best course of action would be to talk with your scholarship administrators; they may be able to work with you as you attempt to improve your performance in the coming term.

"So even if I take 3 or 4 courses and get 4.0 in the next semester, my GPA will be below 2.7." - I'm confused. If you got a 1.5 in your first semester and you take the same number of credits with a 4.0 your second semester, wouldn't you have a 2.75?

The courses I take this semester has 4,4 and 3 credits because 2 of them are compulsory. There is not any course in the second semester which has 4 credits.
C- for a 4 credit and 3 credit course & D for a 4 credit course for the first semester gives us 1.45 GPA and if I take 3 courses in the second semester with 3 credits, my GPA will be 2.15 at the end of the year.

Uh... I'm pretty sure that arithmetic is wrong. If you carried a 1.509 GPA on 11 credits (4+4+3) and then you get a 4.0 on another 9 credits (3+3+3), you'll have a 2.63. If you could manage four classes your second semester and a 4.0, you'd have a 2.8 for the year. (Not that I think a 4.0 semester is very likely; but you should at least understand how close or far you are.)

Have you reached out to your university for support?

@Jeff, not yet, I am still at home.

Unless the average grades in those classes was C or lower (which would not be the case in graduate level classes in the U.S.), something is really wrong here.  Were you well prepared in foundational knowledge from your Bachelor's?  Was the grade largely or entirely based on exam performance?  Did you freeze up or have some unusual problem during the exams? // I would suggest that you document the family problems (and/or any health or mental health or caregiver challenges you may have faced during the semester), and try to withdraw from those classes. // There are some unsavory practices...

...in some schools in the U.S., usually at the undergraduate level, involving admitting more students to a program than are objectively properly qualified, for the purpose of collecting more tuition income, from underprepared students who then end up dropping out.  So it would be good to know whether you were properly accepted to the program, and how much all this is costing. // The high level of engagement you showed suggests the difficulty may not lie entirely with you.

First: Go talk to someone about this. Your advisor would be a good start. They will know the policies of your university better than us.
Second: You may be able to replace those grades by repeating the courses (you obviously need to anyway), in which case your GPA could potentially be 4.0 by the end of your next semester. This is how it worked at my undergrad but you'll have to check the policy at your university.

I am thinking to go to the Grad. School of Sciences about it. I have an advisor but he was so busy that we will not meet until the end of this semester. Unfortunately it may not be possible to replace those grades because the classes I take are Algebra 1, Analysis 1 and Commutative Algebra which is an elective course so they will not be available next semester.


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Returning to grad school after several years in industry, who to ask for references for NSF graduate fellowship?
I got a masters degree in computer science in 2012 and worked in Microsoft since then. I'm returning to get my PhD starting spring 2017.
I would like to apply for the NSF grad fellowship but having been out of school for so long and not being in school at the time of the application, I'm not sure who to ask for references. I have exchaged a lot of emails with my potential advisor on possible research directions and he will be reviewing my application but I'm not sure if that's enough for him to write me a letter.
For admission, I got letters from my former professors but I'm not sure if those will be strong enough.
I have a really strong research proposal. (At least thats what my potential advisor says)
Do I have a chance without strong reference letters?

Have you read the eligibility requirements for the NSF GRFP?  My understanding is that you will not be eligible since you already have a masters.  From the NSF website:  "If you have completed less than twelve months of your Ph.D. but have previously completed a Master's degree, you would not be eligible for the GRFP, unless you meet the criteria for an extenuating circumstance as described in Section IV of the Program Solicitation."  This was in the eligibility requirements for 2016, but I doubt they will change dramatically for 2017.

@JohnChang the "interruption of at least two consecutive years" after the masters and before the PhD should make the OP eligible according to the page you linked. See the section titled "What if I have completed more than 12 months of graduate study?"

@ff524 My understanding is that applies to those have completed more than 12 months of graduate study and had that study interrupted without completing a degree.  Maybe I'm misinterpreting what they mean by "interruption."

@ff524 Ah, I think you're right.  From the program solicitation "Applicants who have completed...a previous graduate...degree are eligible only if they have had an interruption in graduate study of at least two consecutive years prior to November 1, 2015.... Applicants must address the reasons for the interruption in graduate study in the Personal, Relevant Background and Future Goals Statement."  So, sounds like the interruption would indeed make the OP eligible (with an explanation).

I have reviewed for the NSF GRFP before, including a few applications from students with extenuating circumstances.
Your potential advisor can still write you a reference letter. I have seen some first-year graduate students get relatively strong reference letters from their new advisors. The advisor writes their impression of the student based on the first 3-4 months of working together, plus the student's application materials to the graduate program if they were particularly strong. The best thing your new advisor can do, though, is attest to the level of support you'll get from them and the university for your research project and training endeavors. If they can speak to the feasibility of your project and how it potentially ties into the work that they're already doing in the lab, but still how it stands independently, that could go a long way.
And yes, your other recommendation letters should be from those former professors, who can speak about your scholarly promise. The best thing would be if one of them could address the gap in some way and confirm that they are confident you are passionate and that your time away only renewed your passion for graduate school, or whatnot. A reference writer who believes in you and who you provide with a resume and a statement that attests to this might be the best person to do this.
If your supervisors at Microsoft were not PhDs and did not do research they are not suitable references, so don't submit any from them.
However, I would also consider whether you might be eligible to apply next year, and consider waiting to apply in fall 2017 if you are. The NSF says this:
Applicants who have completed more than twelve months of graduate study or have earned a previous graduate or professional degree are eligible only if they have had an interruption in graduate study of at least two consecutive years prior to November 1 of the year the application is submitted. To be eligible, applicants must have completed no additional graduate study by August 1 of that year. Applicants must address the reasons for the interruption in graduate study in the Personal, Relevant Background and Future Goals Statement.
It sounds like you might be eligible next year as well, given that most school years don't begin until after August 1. You may be more competitive next year as your advisor would've known you for a year and you may also be able to get one other reference letter from someone at your graduate institution. Since you can now only apply for the NSF GRFP one time, consider when is the best time to apply.