text:
What colour is this?
Given three number values - being the Red, Green, and Blue elements of a colour (eight bits per channel, 0 to 255) - your program must output the name of the given colour.
For example;
Input:  255, 0, 0
Output: Red

or;
Input:  80, 0, 0
Output: Dark Red

This is a popularity contest, so whichever answer has the most votes by the first of July wins.
Ispired by: Show the input RGB color

The name according to what?

Will common sense do?

No. I think it would be better to pick from one of the standard colour lists. Or a non-standard lists to make the challenge a bit harder.

Otherwise maybe the International Colour Authority.

So basically we need to make a table lookup?

It's a popularity contest - so the point is creativity.

Quite interesting to see this question became quite famous

Does it have to be from the perspective of someone with normal vision? :p

I'm badly colorblind. Code that would respond in a manner accurate to my vision would take many fewer characters than what the rest of you are coming up with.

@michaelsterm this isn't code golf. If you post an answer with a link to a wiki page explaining your type of colour blindness, then it could be quite interesting.

Yeah, that's what I was going for too - thought it'd be funny to post an answer for someone totally colorblind - "convert to greyscale". (I'm only mildly colorblind; that's a much harder problem.)

I am voting to close as unclear because it lacks an objective validity criterion (an objective mapping between RGB values and color names).

Python
This is a Python script that uses the results from xkcd's Color Survey, in which Randall Munroe asked thousands of people the exact same question. He arrived at the following chart:

The survey only has data on fully-saturated colors (I guess non-saturated colors would all be described as 'grayish'). This means we have to do some color-related tricks to force our input to become fully saturated.
What I've done here is just convert the input color to HSV, crank up the saturation, and call it a day. This is probably not very correct from a color perception point of view, but it works well enough here - and it's simple enough that you only need the standard library. Batteries included indeed.
The script expects satfaces.txt, from here (mirror), to be in the current directory.
import sys, colorsys

n = (int(sys.argv[1], 16))
r = ((n & 0xff0000) >> 16) / 255.0
g = ((n & 0x00ff00) >> 8) / 255.0
b = ((n & 0x0000ff)) / 255.0

(h, s, v) = colorsys.rgb_to_hsv(r, g, b)
(r, g, b) = colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(h, 1, v)

match = "[{}, {}, {}]".format(int(r*255), int(g*255), int(b*255))

for line in open("satfaces.txt"):
    if line.startswith(match):
        print("You were thinking of: " + line.split("] ")[1].strip())
        break

Some example runs:
$ python color.py CEB301
You were thinking of: yellow
$ python color.py CC9900
You were thinking of: orange
$ python color.py CC0000
You were thinking of: red
$ python color.py 0077FF
You were thinking of: blue

And here are the colors:

I'd say that's pretty close.

The XKCD survey is the first thing I thought of when I saw the question. :)

@undergroundmonorail Same here. I'm pretty sure one could just replace my brain with a black box that only references xkcd all day

For more fun, you can try seeing if there's an exact match in rgb.txt first: http://xkcd.com/color/rgb.txt

@Charles Ah, but AFAICT rgb.txt doesn't have all the triplets. The satfaces.txt does have all possible values, which means I don't have to do any math to see which of the data points is closest to the input. That said, there is something poetic about having it return "baby shit brown" for #ad900d...

@WanderNauta I was thinking you could just fail over to satfaces.txt if there was no exact match.  I guess you could find near matches (and maybe then fail over?) but that is more complicated.

@Charles Hmm, that would be pretty easy indeed. On the other hand, you'd need an additional data file. I think I'll leave the baby shit detection feature to other competitors :)

Well done and congratulations. The winner by a long shot (though neck and neck for a while there) is @WanderNauta.

@unclemeat: Yes, we had the same scores for a few days until around 30+ votes. haha

Congrats WanderNauta!

Update with GUI!

I take the color list from this Wikipedia page (and the related pages).
I also included some NLG to produce results like "Bulgarian Rose with slightly less green and blue" and some variants of it. Try to play along to see whether you can guess the true "Bulgarian Rose" using those feedbacks. :)
The algorithm will try to find the color which is the closest to the input, as defined by the Euclidean distance. So you can input any number triplet and it will give the color which is the closest to that triplet.
(the code accepts "comma-space separated", "space separated", or "comma separated" values)
Warning
This code connects to Wikipedia, and so it requires Internet connection in order to run the first time (and write the information in a file in the same dictionary). The subsequent times, though, it will read from file. If you want the offline version, the code is available at this Ideone link (with sample run).
Code:
import re, os
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as BS
import requests
import cPickle as pickle
import random

def encode_color(text):
    return tuple(map(int, re.split(', |,| ', text)))

def color_name(col):
    global color_map, color_nums
    arr = color_nums
    closest = None
    min_dist = 10**8
    for color in arr:
        dist = sum((color[i]-col[i])**2 for i in range(3))
        if dist < min_dist:
            closest = color
            min_dist = dist
    result = color_map[closest]
    rgb = ['red', 'green', 'blue']
    slightly_more = ['with a hint of', 'with traces of', 'with slightly more']
    slightly_less = ['with subdued', 'with slightly less']
    more_more = ['with more', 'with strong hint of']
    more_less = ['with less', 'with diminished']
    count = 0
    adds = ['','']
    for i in range(3):
        expl_list = ['']
        if 5 < col[i]-closest[i] < 10:
            expl_list = slightly_more
            count += 1
            add_idx = 0
        elif 10 <= col[i]-closest[i]:
            expl_list = more_more
            count += 2
            add_idx = 0
        elif -10 <= col[i]-closest[i] < -5:
            expl_list = slightly_less
            count -= 1
            add_idx = 1
        elif col[i]-closest[i] <= -10:
            expl_list = more_less
            count -= 2
            add_idx = 1
        expl = expl_list[random.randint(0, len(expl_list)-1)]
        if expl is not '':
            if adds[add_idx] is '':
                adds[add_idx] += ' %s %s' % (expl, rgb[i])
            else:
                adds[add_idx] += ' and %s' % rgb[i]
    if 3 <= count <= 4:
        result = 'A slightly brighter '+result
    elif 4 < count:
        result = 'A brighter '+result
    elif -4 <= count <= -3:
        result = 'A slightly darker '+result
    elif count < -4:
        result = 'A darker '+result
    elif count > 0:
        result += adds[0]
    elif count < 0:
        result += adds[1]
    return result

links = ['http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colors:_A%E2%80%93F',
         'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colors:_G%E2%80%93M',
         'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colors:_N%E2%80%93Z']

def is_color(tag):
    return tag.name == 'th' and len(tag.contents)==1 and tag.contents[0].name=='a'

def parse_color(hexa):
    return (int(hexa[0:2], 16), int(hexa[2:4], 16), int(hexa[4:6], 16))

print 'Loading color names...'
if os.path.exists('parse_wiki_color.pickle'):
    with open('parse_wiki_color.pickle', 'rb') as infile:
        color_map, color_nums = pickle.load(infile)
else:
    color_map = {}
    color_nums = []
    for link in links:
        soup = BS(requests.get(link).text,'lxml')
        for color in soup.find_all(is_color):
            try:
                color_num = parse_color(color.next_sibling.next_sibling.string[1:])
                color_nums.append(color_num)
                color_map[color_num] = str(color.a.string)
            except:
                continue
    color_nums = sorted(color_nums)
    with open('parse_wiki_color.pickle', 'wb') as outfile:
        pickle.dump((color_map, color_nums), outfile, protocol=2)
print 'Color names loaded'

def main(event=None):
    global var, col_name, col_disp
    text = var.get()
    color = encode_color(text)
    result = color_name(color)
    col_name.set(result)
    col_rgb.set(color)
    var.set('')
    col_disp.configure(background='#%02x%02x%02x' % color)

from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
frame = Frame(root)
frame.pack()
caption = Label(frame, text='Enter RGB color:')
caption.pack(side=LEFT)
var = StringVar()
entry = Entry(frame, textvariable=var)
entry.focus_set()
entry.pack(side=LEFT)
entry.bind('<Return>',func=main)
button = Button(frame, text='Get name', command=main)
button.pack(side=LEFT)
col_rgb = StringVar()
col_rgb_disp = Label(root, textvariable=col_rgb)
col_rgb_disp.pack()
col_name = StringVar()
col_label = Label(root, textvariable=col_name)
col_label.pack()
col_disp = Label(root)
col_disp.configure(padx=50, pady=45, relief=RAISED)
col_disp.pack()
root.geometry('400x200')
root.mainloop()

Good, but you need to make your terminology a little more pretentious. You should change slightly more to with a hint of and slightly less to subdued.

@steveverrill: Updated!

Impressive. +1 it is.

is this python?

Yes, it's Python 2.

I've never got so many votes in StackExchange before. Thanks everyone!

JavaScript
The following function is written with canine users in mind:
function getColorName(r, g, b) {
    return "gray";
}

For the more refined dogs out there:
function getColorName(r, g, b) {
    var gray = (0.21*r + 0.71*g + 0.07*b);
    if (gray < 64)
        return "black";
    else if (gray < 128)
        return "dark gray";
    else if (gray < 192)
        return "light gray";
    else if (gray < 256)
        return "white";
    else
        whimper();
}

canines do actually see color though

@Pinna_be Sssh, I know, but you are ruining the joke. ;)

roses are yellow / violets are blue / dogs can see color / just not quite like you

+1 else whimper(); - love it

var gray = (0.21*r + 0.71*g + 0.07*b); why not 0.33 for each? Or just add them all and divide by 3? Is there some joke that I'm missing here?

@Cruncher The human (and canine?) perception of brightness does not work that way. Just compare (0,255,0) and (0,0,255): Green appears much brighter than blue.

@SebastianNegraszus That would make (0, 0, 255) come out as (18, 18, 18) which is pretty much black.

@Cruncher it's basically a conversion to YUV color space with slightly modified values. It would really work with correct coefficients, black-and-white TVs worked like this.

Food is food, who cares what colour it is... ;)

@TheBlueDog: That, coupled with your user name, is priceless.

This might work for bulls...

Why the modified values?  The typical YUV conversion values seem more appropriate (see #00f next to #121212 - they don't look similar to me at all).

@Cruncher, 0.2126R + 0.7152G + 0.0722B is the equation for luminance, not "gray" as the code implies. Luminance is a photometric measure of how bright an object appears.

I approve of this answer

That weighted average of RGB formula for Luminance is for linear RGB components, i.e. after gamma-correction.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminance_(relative).  See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luma_(video)

haha very funny

Javascript
window.location = 'http://www.color-hex.com/color/' + 'ff00ff'

I like this one.

Mathematica
Update: Added a parameter for setting the number of closest colors to display.
The default is 5 colors.
Given the RGB values of an unnamed color, the following finds the n nearest colors from a list of 140 HTML color names. It then plots the unnamed color and its 5 nearest neighbors in a 3-space, with axes for Red, Green, and Blue.  In the plot label it names the nearest color and provides its RGB values.
colorInterpret[rgb_,n_: 5]:=
Module[{colorData,valsRGB,pts,closest},
colorData=({ColorData["HTML",#],#}&/@ColorData["HTML","Range"][[1]])/.{RGBColor[x__]:> {x}};
valsRGB=colorData[[All,1]];
pts=Append[colorData[[Position[valsRGB,#]&/@Nearest[valsRGB,rgb,n]//Flatten]],{rgb,"Unnamed Color"}];
closest=pts[[1]];
Graphics3D[{PointSize[.05],
{RGBColor@@#,Point[#],Text[Style[#2,Black,14],(#-{.01,.01,.01})]}&@@@pts
},
Axes-> True,
PlotLabel-> Row[{"closest color: ", closest}],
ImageSize-> 600,
ImagePadding-> 50,
BaseStyle-> 14,
AxesLabel->{Style["Red",18],Style["Green",18],Style["Blue",18]}]]

Examples
Display the 5 closest colors:
 colorInterpret[{.55, .86, .69}]

Display the 15 closest colors:

Nice visualisation!

Really awesome solution, +1 for 3-dimensional visualization.

CJam
l~]:X;"xkcd.com/color/rgb.txt"gN%"  "f%{[1=1>eu2/{:~Gb}%X]z{:-}%2f#:+}$0=0=

This gets the list of colors from xkcd and finds the nearest one.
Note: the space-looking string in the middle is actually one tab.
To run it, please use the interpreter from http://sf.net/p/cjam
Example:
Input 147 125 0
Output baby poop

R
R has an embedded list of 657 color names for plotting purposes. The following code take input from user, and computes the distance between this rgb input and the rgb value of those 657 colors and outputs the name of the closest one.
a=as.integer(strsplit(readline(),", ")[[1]]);color_list=sapply(colors(),col2rgb);names(which.min(colSums(abs(apply(color_list,2,function(x)x-a)))))

Ungolfed:
a <- as.integer(strsplit(readline(),", ")[[1]]) #Ask user input as stdin, and process it
color_list <- sapply(colors(),col2rgb) #Convert the color name list into an RGB matrix
#Computes the difference with user input, adds the absolute value and output the name of the element with the minimal value
names(which.min(colSums(abs(apply(color_list, 2, function(x)x-a)))))

Examples:
> a=as.integer(strsplit(readline(),", ")[[1]]);color_list=sapply(colors(),col2rgb);names(which.min(colSums(abs(apply(color_list,2,function(x)x-a)))))
80, 0, 2
[1] "darkred"
> a=as.integer(strsplit(readline(),", ")[[1]]);color_list=sapply(colors(),col2rgb);names(which.min(colSums(abs(apply(color_list,2,function(x)x-a)))))
150, 150, 150
[1] "gray59"
> a=as.integer(strsplit(readline(),", ")[[1]]);color_list=sapply(colors(),col2rgb);names(which.min(colSums(abs(apply(color_list,2,function(x)x-a)))))
0, 200, 255
[1] "deepskyblue"
> a=as.integer(strsplit(readline(),", ")[[1]]);color_list=sapply(colors(),col2rgb);names(which.min(colSums(abs(apply(color_list,2,function(x)x-a)))))
255, 100, 70
[1] "tomato"

Edit:
Same idea but using the list of name from colorHexa:
a=strsplit(xpathSApply(htmlParse("http://www.colorhexa.com/color-names"),"//li",xmlValue),"#")
n=sapply(a,`[`,1)
r=apply(do.call(rbind,strsplit(sapply(a,`[`,2)," "))[,2:4],2,as.integer)
n[which.min(colSums(abs(apply(r,1,`-`,as.integer(strsplit(readline(),", ")[[1]])))))]

Example:
> a=strsplit(xpathSApply(htmlParse("http://www.colorhexa.com/color-names"),"//li",xmlValue),"#")
> n=sapply(a,`[`,1)
> r=apply(do.call(rbind,strsplit(sapply(a,`[`,2)," "))[,2:4],2,as.integer)
> n[which.min(colSums(abs(apply(r,1,`-`,as.integer(strsplit(readline(),", ")[[1]])))))]
208, 32, 12
[1] " Fire engine red "

Not sure why you golfed it.

Because it amuses me. 2) I didn't golf it, i just made it a one-liner so that readline doesn't read the following line of code as if it was stdin in interactive mode. I used the word "ungolfed" to say "indented, with line breaks and comments". If I had really golfed it i wouldn't have used color_list as variable name.

@plannapus You're contradicting yourself; you golfed it because it amused you but you didn't golf it. :P Nice solution anyway, and the right language for the job.

Perl
Expects http://xkcd.com/color/rgb.txt in current directory.  Displays five closest colours with nice percentage.
Example run
> perl code.pl
147,125,0
99.87% baby poop
98.44% yellowish brown
98.31% puke brown
97.79% poo
97.27% diarrhea

Code
#!perl -w
use strict;

sub hex2rgb ($) {
    my ($h) = @_;
    map {hex} ($h=~/[0-9a-fA-F]{2}/g)
}

sub distance ($$) {
    my ($acol1, $acol2) = @_;
    my $r = 0;
    $r += abs($acol1->[$_] - $acol2->[$_]) for (0..$#$acol1);
    $r
}

sub read_rgb {
    open my $rgb, '<', 'rgb.txt' or die $!;
    my @col;
    while (<$rgb>) {
    my ($name, $hex) = split /\t#/;
    my @rgb = hex2rgb $hex;
    push @col, [@rgb, $name];
    }
    close $rgb;
    \@col
}

my $acolours = read_rgb;
my @C = split /, */, <>;

printf "%.02f%% %s\n", (768-$_->[0])/768*100, $_->[4] for
    (sort {$a->[0] <=> $b->[0]}
     map [distance(\@C, $_), @$_], @$acolours)[0..4];

perfect example!  But also a good solution.

Scala
My attempt — the killer feature is that it doesn't require Internet connection! (I hope it's not too long :D )
Also, I did summon Chtulhu while preparing color database (because I parsed a subset of HTML with regex; the regex and the link to source are in comments)
Edit: improved accuracy
Example run: http://ideone.com/e3n0dG
object Main {

  def main(args: Array[String]) {
    val color = extractBrightness(readLine().split("[, ]+").map(_.toInt))

    val nearestColor = colors.minBy(t => distance(extractBrightness(parseColor(t._1)), color, weight))._2
    println(s"Your color is $nearestColor")
  }

  def parseColor(s: String) = {
    s.sliding(2, 2).map(Integer.parseInt(_, 16)).toVector
  }

  def distance(c1: Seq[Double], c2: Seq[Double], weight: Seq[Double]) = {
    c1.zip(c2).map(t => ((x: Double) => x * x)(t._1 - t._2)).zip(weight).map(t => t._1 * t._2).sum
  }

  val weight = Vector(0.01, 1.0, 0.8)

  def extractBrightness(c: Seq[Int]) = {
    val Seq(r, g, b) = c
    val brightness = c.sum.toDouble / 3
    val rOffset = r - brightness
    val bOffset = b - brightness
    Seq(brightness, rOffset, bOffset)
  }

  // colors are extracted by using this regex:
[\s\S]*?([\w ]+)[\s\S]*?#(......)[\s\S]*?

  // from this page: http://www.colorhexa.com/color-names
  val colors = Vector(
    "5d8aa8" -> "Air Force blue",
    "f0f8ff" -> "Alice blue",
    "e32636" -> "Alizarin crimson",
    "efdecd" -> "Almond",
    "e52b50" -> "Amaranth",
    "ffbf00" -> "Amber",
    "ff033e" -> "American rose",
    "9966cc" -> "Amethyst",
    "a4c639" -> "Android Green",
    "cd9575" -> "Antique brass",
    "915c83" -> "Antique fuchsia",
    "faebd7" -> "Antique white",
    "008000" -> "Ao",
    "8db600" -> "Apple green",
    "fbceb1" -> "Apricot",
    "00ffff" -> "Aqua",
    "7fffd4" -> "Aquamarine",
    "4b5320" -> "Army green",
    "e9d66b" -> "Arylide yellow",
    "b2beb5" -> "Ash grey",
    "87a96b" -> "Asparagus",
    "ff9966" -> "Atomic tangerine",
    "a52a2a" -> "Auburn",
    "fdee00" -> "Aureolin",
    "6e7f80" -> "AuroMetalSaurus",
    "ff2052" -> "Awesome",
    "007fff" -> "Azure",
    "89cff0" -> "Baby blue",
    "a1caf1" -> "Baby blue eyes",
    "f4c2c2" -> "Baby pink",
    "21abcd" -> "Ball Blue",
    "fae7b5" -> "Banana Mania",
    "ffe135" -> "Banana yellow",
    "848482" -> "Battleship grey",
    "98777b" -> "Bazaar",
    "bcd4e6" -> "Beau blue",
    "9f8170" -> "Beaver",
    "f5f5dc" -> "Beige",
    "ffe4c4" -> "Bisque",
    "3d2b1f" -> "Bistre",
    "fe6f5e" -> "Bittersweet",
    "000000" -> "Black",
    "ffebcd" -> "Blanched Almond",
    "318ce7" -> "Bleu de France",
    "ace5ee" -> "Blizzard Blue",
    "faf0be" -> "Blond",
    "0000ff" -> "Blue",
    "a2a2d0" -> "Blue Bell",
    "6699cc" -> "Blue Gray",
    "0d98ba" -> "Blue green",
    "8a2be2" -> "Blue purple",
    "8a2be2" -> "Blue violet",
    "de5d83" -> "Blush",
    "79443b" -> "Bole",
    "0095b6" -> "Bondi blue",
    "e3dac9" -> "Bone",
    "cc0000" -> "Boston University Red",
    "006a4e" -> "Bottle green",
    "873260" -> "Boysenberry",
    "0070ff" -> "Brandeis blue",
    "b5a642" -> "Brass",
    "cb4154" -> "Brick red",
    "1dacd6" -> "Bright cerulean",
    "66ff00" -> "Bright green",
    "bf94e4" -> "Bright lavender",
    "c32148" -> "Bright maroon",
    "ff007f" -> "Bright pink",
    "08e8de" -> "Bright turquoise",
    "d19fe8" -> "Bright ube",
    "f4bbff" -> "Brilliant lavender",
    "ff55a3" -> "Brilliant rose",
    "fb607f" -> "Brink pink",
    "004225" -> "British racing green",
    "cd7f32" -> "Bronze",
    "a52a2a" -> "Brown",
    "ffc1cc" -> "Bubble gum",
    "e7feff" -> "Bubbles",
    "f0dc82" -> "Buff",
    "480607" -> "Bulgarian rose",
    "800020" -> "Burgundy",
    "deb887" -> "Burlywood",
    "cc5500" -> "Burnt orange",
    "e97451" -> "Burnt sienna",
    "8a3324" -> "Burnt umber",
    "bd33a4" -> "Byzantine",
    "702963" -> "Byzantium",
    "007aa5" -> "CG Blue",
    "e03c31" -> "CG Red",
    "536872" -> "Cadet",
    "5f9ea0" -> "Cadet blue",
    "91a3b0" -> "Cadet grey",
    "006b3c" -> "Cadmium green",
    "ed872d" -> "Cadmium orange",
    "e30022" -> "Cadmium red",
    "fff600" -> "Cadmium yellow",
    "a67b5b" -> "Café au lait",
    "4b3621" -> "Café noir",
    "1e4d2b" -> "Cal Poly Pomona green",
    "a3c1ad" -> "Cambridge Blue",
    "c19a6b" -> "Camel",
    "78866b" -> "Camouflage green",
    "ffff99" -> "Canary",
    "ffef00" -> "Canary yellow",
    "ff0800" -> "Candy apple red",
    "e4717a" -> "Candy pink",
    "00bfff" -> "Capri",
    "592720" -> "Caput mortuum",
    "c41e3a" -> "Cardinal",
    "00cc99" -> "Caribbean green",
    "ff0040" -> "Carmine",
    "eb4c42" -> "Carmine pink",
    "ff0038" -> "Carmine red",
    "ffa6c9" -> "Carnation pink",
    "b31b1b" -> "Carnelian",
    "99badd" -> "Carolina blue",
    "ed9121" -> "Carrot orange",
    "ace1af" -> "Celadon",
    "b2ffff" -> "Celeste",
    "4997d0" -> "Celestial blue",
    "de3163" -> "Cerise",
    "ec3b83" -> "Cerise pink",
    "007ba7" -> "Cerulean",
    "2a52be" -> "Cerulean blue",
    "a0785a" -> "Chamoisee",
    "fad6a5" -> "Champagne",
    "36454f" -> "Charcoal",
    "7fff00" -> "Chartreuse",
    "de3163" -> "Cherry",
    "ffb7c5" -> "Cherry blossom pink",
    "cd5c5c" -> "Chestnut",
    "d2691e" -> "Chocolate",
    "ffa700" -> "Chrome yellow",
    "98817b" -> "Cinereous",
    "e34234" -> "Cinnabar",
    "d2691e" -> "Cinnamon",
    "e4d00a" -> "Citrine",
    "fbcce7" -> "Classic rose",
    "0047ab" -> "Cobalt",
    "d2691e" -> "Cocoa brown",
    "6f4e37" -> "Coffee",
    "9bddff" -> "Columbia blue",
    "002e63" -> "Cool black",
    "8c92ac" -> "Cool grey",
    "b87333" -> "Copper",
    "996666" -> "Copper rose",
    "ff3800" -> "Coquelicot",
    "ff7f50" -> "Coral",
    "f88379" -> "Coral pink",
    "ff4040" -> "Coral red",
    "893f45" -> "Cordovan",
    "fbec5d" -> "Corn",
    "b31b1b" -> "Cornell Red",
    "9aceeb" -> "Cornflower",
    "6495ed" -> "Cornflower blue",
    "fff8dc" -> "Cornsilk",
    "fff8e7" -> "Cosmic latte",
    "ffbcd9" -> "Cotton candy",
    "fffdd0" -> "Cream",
    "dc143c" -> "Crimson",
    "990000" -> "Crimson Red",
    "be0032" -> "Crimson glory",
    "00ffff" -> "Cyan",
    "ffff31" -> "Daffodil",
    "f0e130" -> "Dandelion",
    "00008b" -> "Dark blue",
    "654321" -> "Dark brown",
    "5d3954" -> "Dark byzantium",
    "a40000" -> "Dark candy apple red",
    "08457e" -> "Dark cerulean",
    "986960" -> "Dark chestnut",
    "cd5b45" -> "Dark coral",
    "008b8b" -> "Dark cyan",
    "536878" -> "Dark electric blue",
    "b8860b" -> "Dark goldenrod",
    "a9a9a9" -> "Dark gray",
    "013220" -> "Dark green",
    "1a2421" -> "Dark jungle green",
    "bdb76b" -> "Dark khaki",
    "483c32" -> "Dark lava",
    "734f96" -> "Dark lavender",
    "8b008b" -> "Dark magenta",
    "003366" -> "Dark midnight blue",
    "556b2f" -> "Dark olive green",
    "ff8c00" -> "Dark orange",
    "9932cc" -> "Dark orchid",
    "779ecb" -> "Dark pastel blue",
    "03c03c" -> "Dark pastel green",
    "966fd6" -> "Dark pastel purple",
    "c23b22" -> "Dark pastel red",
    "e75480" -> "Dark pink",
    "003399" -> "Dark powder blue",
    "872657" -> "Dark raspberry",
    "8b0000" -> "Dark red",
    "e9967a" -> "Dark salmon",
    "560319" -> "Dark scarlet",
    "8fbc8f" -> "Dark sea green",
    "3c1414" -> "Dark sienna",
    "483d8b" -> "Dark slate blue",
    "2f4f4f" -> "Dark slate gray",
    "177245" -> "Dark spring green",
    "918151" -> "Dark tan",
    "ffa812" -> "Dark tangerine",
    "483c32" -> "Dark taupe",
    "cc4e5c" -> "Dark terra cotta",
    "00ced1" -> "Dark turquoise",
    "9400d3" -> "Dark violet",
    "00693e" -> "Dartmouth green",
    "555555" -> "Davy grey",
    "d70a53" -> "Debian red",
    "a9203e" -> "Deep carmine",
    "ef3038" -> "Deep carmine pink",
    "e9692c" -> "Deep carrot orange",
    "da3287" -> "Deep cerise",
    "fad6a5" -> "Deep champagne",
    "b94e48" -> "Deep chestnut",
    "704241" -> "Deep coffee",
    "c154c1" -> "Deep fuchsia",
    "004b49" -> "Deep jungle green",
    "9955bb" -> "Deep lilac",
    "cc00cc" -> "Deep magenta",
    "ffcba4" -> "Deep peach",
    "ff1493" -> "Deep pink",
    "ff9933" -> "Deep saffron",
    "00bfff" -> "Deep sky blue",
    "1560bd" -> "Denim",
    "c19a6b" -> "Desert",
    "edc9af" -> "Desert sand",
    "696969" -> "Dim gray",
    "1e90ff" -> "Dodger blue",
    "d71868" -> "Dogwood rose",
    "85bb65" -> "Dollar bill",
    "967117" -> "Drab",
    "00009c" -> "Duke blue",
    "e1a95f" -> "Earth yellow",
    "c2b280" -> "Ecru",
    "614051" -> "Eggplant",
    "f0ead6" -> "Eggshell",
    "1034a6" -> "Egyptian blue",
    "7df9ff" -> "Electric blue",
    "ff003f" -> "Electric crimson",
    "00ffff" -> "Electric cyan",
    "00ff00" -> "Electric green",
    "6f00ff" -> "Electric indigo",
    "f4bbff" -> "Electric lavender",
    "ccff00" -> "Electric lime",
    "bf00ff" -> "Electric purple",
    "3f00ff" -> "Electric ultramarine",
    "8f00ff" -> "Electric violet",
    "ffff00" -> "Electric yellow",
    "50c878" -> "Emerald",
    "96c8a2" -> "Eton blue",
    "c19a6b" -> "Fallow",
    "801818" -> "Falu red",
    "ff00ff" -> "Famous",
    "b53389" -> "Fandango",
    "f400a1" -> "Fashion fuchsia",
    "e5aa70" -> "Fawn",
    "4d5d53" -> "Feldgrau",
    "71bc78" -> "Fern",
    "4f7942" -> "Fern green",
    "ff2800" -> "Ferrari Red",
    "6c541e" -> "Field drab",
    "ce2029" -> "Fire engine red",
    "b22222" -> "Firebrick",
    "e25822" -> "Flame",
    "fc8eac" -> "Flamingo pink",
    "f7e98e" -> "Flavescent",
    "eedc82" -> "Flax",
    "fffaf0" -> "Floral white",
    "ffbf00" -> "Fluorescent orange",
    "ff1493" -> "Fluorescent pink",
    "ccff00" -> "Fluorescent yellow",
    "ff004f" -> "Folly",
    "228b22" -> "Forest green",
    "a67b5b" -> "French beige",
    "0072bb" -> "French blue",
    "86608e" -> "French lilac",
    "f64a8a" -> "French rose",
    "ff00ff" -> "Fuchsia",
    "ff77ff" -> "Fuchsia pink",
    "e48400" -> "Fulvous",
    "cc6666" -> "Fuzzy Wuzzy",
    "dcdcdc" -> "Gainsboro",
    "e49b0f" -> "Gamboge",
    "f8f8ff" -> "Ghost white",
    "b06500" -> "Ginger",
    "6082b6" -> "Glaucous",
    "e6e8fa" -> "Glitter",
    "ffd700" -> "Gold",
    "996515" -> "Golden brown",
    "fcc200" -> "Golden poppy",
    "ffdf00" -> "Golden yellow",
    "daa520" -> "Goldenrod",
    "a8e4a0" -> "Granny Smith Apple",
    "808080" -> "Gray",
    "465945" -> "Gray asparagus",
    "00ff00" -> "Green",
    "1164b4" -> "Green Blue",
    "adff2f" -> "Green yellow",
    "a99a86" -> "Grullo",
    "00ff7f" -> "Guppie green",
    "663854" -> "Halayà úbe",
    "446ccf" -> "Han blue",
    "5218fa" -> "Han purple",
    "e9d66b" -> "Hansa yellow",
    "3fff00" -> "Harlequin",
    "c90016" -> "Harvard crimson",
    "da9100" -> "Harvest Gold",
    "808000" -> "Heart Gold",
    "df73ff" -> "Heliotrope",
    "f400a1" -> "Hollywood cerise",
    "f0fff0" -> "Honeydew",
    "49796b" -> "Hooker green",
    "ff1dce" -> "Hot magenta",
    "ff69b4" -> "Hot pink",
    "355e3b" -> "Hunter green",
    "fcf75e" -> "Icterine",
    "b2ec5d" -> "Inchworm",
    "138808" -> "India green",
    "cd5c5c" -> "Indian red",
    "e3a857" -> "Indian yellow",
    "4b0082" -> "Indigo",
    "002fa7" -> "International Klein Blue",
    "ff4f00" -> "International orange",
    "5a4fcf" -> "Iris",
    "f4f0ec" -> "Isabelline",
    "009000" -> "Islamic green",
    "fffff0" -> "Ivory",
    "00a86b" -> "Jade",
    "f8de7e" -> "Jasmine",
    "d73b3e" -> "Jasper",
    "a50b5e" -> "Jazzberry jam",
    "fada5e" -> "Jonquil",
    "bdda57" -> "June bud",
    "29ab87" -> "Jungle green",
    "e8000d" -> "KU Crimson",
    "4cbb17" -> "Kelly green",
    "c3b091" -> "Khaki",
    "087830" -> "La Salle Green",
    "d6cadd" -> "Languid lavender",
    "26619c" -> "Lapis lazuli",
    "fefe22" -> "Laser Lemon",
    "a9ba9d" -> "Laurel green",
    "cf1020" -> "Lava",
    "e6e6fa" -> "Lavender",
    "ccccff" -> "Lavender blue",
    "fff0f5" -> "Lavender blush",
    "c4c3d0" -> "Lavender gray",
    "9457eb" -> "Lavender indigo",
    "ee82ee" -> "Lavender magenta",
    "e6e6fa" -> "Lavender mist",
    "fbaed2" -> "Lavender pink",
    "967bb6" -> "Lavender purple",
    "fba0e3" -> "Lavender rose",
    "7cfc00" -> "Lawn green",
    "fff700" -> "Lemon",
    "fff44f" -> "Lemon Yellow",
    "fffacd" -> "Lemon chiffon",
    "bfff00" -> "Lemon lime",
    "f56991" -> "Light Crimson",
    "e68fac" -> "Light Thulian pink",
    "fdd5b1" -> "Light apricot",
    "add8e6" -> "Light blue",
    "b5651d" -> "Light brown",
    "e66771" -> "Light carmine pink",
    "f08080" -> "Light coral",
    "93ccea" -> "Light cornflower blue",
    "e0ffff" -> "Light cyan",
    "f984ef" -> "Light fuchsia pink",
    "fafad2" -> "Light goldenrod yellow",
    "d3d3d3" -> "Light gray",
    "90ee90" -> "Light green",
    "f0e68c" -> "Light khaki",
    "b19cd9" -> "Light pastel purple",
    "ffb6c1" -> "Light pink",
    "ffa07a" -> "Light salmon",
    "ff9999" -> "Light salmon pink",
    "20b2aa" -> "Light sea green",
    "87cefa" -> "Light sky blue",
    "778899" -> "Light slate gray",
    "b38b6d" -> "Light taupe",
    "ffffed" -> "Light yellow",
    "c8a2c8" -> "Lilac",
    "bfff00" -> "Lime",
    "32cd32" -> "Lime green",
    "195905" -> "Lincoln green",
    "faf0e6" -> "Linen",
    "c19a6b" -> "Lion",
    "534b4f" -> "Liver",
    "e62020" -> "Lust",
    "18453b" -> "MSU Green",
    "ffbd88" -> "Macaroni and Cheese",
    "ff00ff" -> "Magenta",
    "aaf0d1" -> "Magic mint",
    "f8f4ff" -> "Magnolia",
    "c04000" -> "Mahogany",
    "fbec5d" -> "Maize",
    "6050dc" -> "Majorelle Blue",
    "0bda51" -> "Malachite",
    "979aaa" -> "Manatee",
    "ff8243" -> "Mango Tango",
    "74c365" -> "Mantis",
    "800000" -> "Maroon",
    "e0b0ff" -> "Mauve",
    "915f6d" -> "Mauve taupe",
    "ef98aa" -> "Mauvelous",
    "73c2fb" -> "Maya blue",
    "e5b73b" -> "Meat brown",
    "0067a5" -> "Medium Persian blue",
    "66ddaa" -> "Medium aquamarine",
    "0000cd" -> "Medium blue",
    "e2062c" -> "Medium candy apple red",
    "af4035" -> "Medium carmine",
    "f3e5ab" -> "Medium champagne",
    "035096" -> "Medium electric blue",
    "1c352d" -> "Medium jungle green",
    "dda0dd" -> "Medium lavender magenta",
    "ba55d3" -> "Medium orchid",
    "9370db" -> "Medium purple",
    "bb3385" -> "Medium red violet",
    "3cb371" -> "Medium sea green",
    "7b68ee" -> "Medium slate blue",
    "c9dc87" -> "Medium spring bud",
    "00fa9a" -> "Medium spring green",
    "674c47" -> "Medium taupe",
    "0054b4" -> "Medium teal blue",
    "48d1cc" -> "Medium turquoise",
    "c71585" -> "Medium violet red",
    "fdbcb4" -> "Melon",
    "191970" -> "Midnight blue",
    "004953" -> "Midnight green",
    "ffc40c" -> "Mikado yellow",
    "3eb489" -> "Mint",
    "f5fffa" -> "Mint cream",
    "98ff98" -> "Mint green",
    "ffe4e1" -> "Misty rose",
    "faebd7" -> "Moccasin",
    "967117" -> "Mode beige",
    "73a9c2" -> "Moonstone blue",
    "ae0c00" -> "Mordant red 19",
    "addfad" -> "Moss green",
    "30ba8f" -> "Mountain Meadow",
    "997a8d" -> "Mountbatten pink",
    "c54b8c" -> "Mulberry",
    "f2f3f4" -> "Munsell",
    "ffdb58" -> "Mustard",
    "21421e" -> "Myrtle",
    "f6adc6" -> "Nadeshiko pink",
    "2a8000" -> "Napier green",
    "fada5e" -> "Naples yellow",
    "ffdead" -> "Navajo white",
    "000080" -> "Navy blue",
    "ffa343" -> "Neon Carrot",
    "fe59c2" -> "Neon fuchsia",
    "39ff14" -> "Neon green",
    "059033" -> "North Texas Green",
    "0077be" -> "Ocean Boat Blue",
    "cc7722" -> "Ochre",
    "008000" -> "Office green",
    "cfb53b" -> "Old gold",
    "fdf5e6" -> "Old lace",
    "796878" -> "Old lavender",
    "673147" -> "Old mauve",
    "c08081" -> "Old rose",
    "808000" -> "Olive",
    "6b8e23" -> "Olive Drab",
    "bab86c" -> "Olive Green",
    "9ab973" -> "Olivine",
    "0f0f0f" -> "Onyx",
    "b784a7" -> "Opera mauve",
    "ffa500" -> "Orange",
    "f8d568" -> "Orange Yellow",
    "ff9f00" -> "Orange peel",
    "ff4500" -> "Orange red",
    "da70d6" -> "Orchid",
    "654321" -> "Otter brown",
    "414a4c" -> "Outer Space",
    "ff6e4a" -> "Outrageous Orange",
    "002147" -> "Oxford Blue",
    "1ca9c9" -> "Pacific Blue",
    "006600" -> "Pakistan green",
    "273be2" -> "Palatinate blue",
    "682860" -> "Palatinate purple",
    "bcd4e6" -> "Pale aqua",
    "afeeee" -> "Pale blue",
    "987654" -> "Pale brown",
    "af4035" -> "Pale carmine",
    "9bc4e2" -> "Pale cerulean",
    "ddadaf" -> "Pale chestnut",
    "da8a67" -> "Pale copper",
    "abcdef" -> "Pale cornflower blue",
    "e6be8a" -> "Pale gold",
    "eee8aa" -> "Pale goldenrod",
    "98fb98" -> "Pale green",
    "dcd0ff" -> "Pale lavender",
    "f984e5" -> "Pale magenta",
    "fadadd" -> "Pale pink",
    "dda0dd" -> "Pale plum",
    "db7093" -> "Pale red violet",
    "96ded1" -> "Pale robin egg blue",
    "c9c0bb" -> "Pale silver",
    "ecebbd" -> "Pale spring bud",
    "bc987e" -> "Pale taupe",
    "db7093" -> "Pale violet red",
    "78184a" -> "Pansy purple",
    "ffefd5" -> "Papaya whip",
    "50c878" -> "Paris Green",
    "aec6cf" -> "Pastel blue",
    "836953" -> "Pastel brown",
    "cfcfc4" -> "Pastel gray",
    "77dd77" -> "Pastel green",
    "f49ac2" -> "Pastel magenta",
    "ffb347" -> "Pastel orange",
    "ffd1dc" -> "Pastel pink",
    "b39eb5" -> "Pastel purple",
    "ff6961" -> "Pastel red",
    "cb99c9" -> "Pastel violet",
    "fdfd96" -> "Pastel yellow",
    "800080" -> "Patriarch",
    "536878" -> "Payne grey",
    "ffe5b4" -> "Peach",
    "ffdab9" -> "Peach puff",
    "fadfad" -> "Peach yellow",
    "d1e231" -> "Pear",
    "eae0c8" -> "Pearl",
    "88d8c0" -> "Pearl Aqua",
    "e6e200" -> "Peridot",
    "ccccff" -> "Periwinkle",
    "1c39bb" -> "Persian blue",
    "32127a" -> "Persian indigo",
    "d99058" -> "Persian orange",
    "f77fbe" -> "Persian pink",
    "701c1c" -> "Persian plum",
    "cc3333" -> "Persian red",
    "fe28a2" -> "Persian rose",
    "df00ff" -> "Phlox",
    "000f89" -> "Phthalo blue",
    "123524" -> "Phthalo green",
    "fddde6" -> "Piggy pink",
    "01796f" -> "Pine green",
    "ffc0cb" -> "Pink",
    "fc74fd" -> "Pink Flamingo",
    "f78fa7" -> "Pink Sherbet",
    "e7accf" -> "Pink pearl",
    "93c572" -> "Pistachio",
    "e5e4e2" -> "Platinum",
    "dda0dd" -> "Plum",
    "ff5a36" -> "Portland Orange",
    "b0e0e6" -> "Powder blue",
    "ff8f00" -> "Princeton orange",
    "003153" -> "Prussian blue",
    "df00ff" -> "Psychedelic purple",
    "cc8899" -> "Puce",
    "ff7518" -> "Pumpkin",
    "800080" -> "Purple",
    "69359c" -> "Purple Heart",
    "9678b6" -> "Purple mountain majesty",
    "fe4eda" -> "Purple pizzazz",
    "50404d" -> "Purple taupe",
    "5d8aa8" -> "Rackley",
    "ff355e" -> "Radical Red",
    "e30b5d" -> "Raspberry",
    "915f6d" -> "Raspberry glace",
    "e25098" -> "Raspberry pink",
    "b3446c" -> "Raspberry rose",
    "d68a59" -> "Raw Sienna",
    "ff33cc" -> "Razzle dazzle rose",
    "e3256b" -> "Razzmatazz",
    "ff0000" -> "Red",
    "ff5349" -> "Red Orange",
    "a52a2a" -> "Red brown",
    "c71585" -> "Red violet",
    "004040" -> "Rich black",
    "d70040" -> "Rich carmine",
    "0892d0" -> "Rich electric blue",
    "b666d2" -> "Rich lilac",
    "b03060" -> "Rich maroon",
    "414833" -> "Rifle green",
    "ff007f" -> "Rose",
    "f9429e" -> "Rose bonbon",
    "674846" -> "Rose ebony",
    "b76e79" -> "Rose gold",
    "e32636" -> "Rose madder",
    "ff66cc" -> "Rose pink",
    "aa98a9" -> "Rose quartz",
    "905d5d" -> "Rose taupe",
    "ab4e52" -> "Rose vale",
    "65000b" -> "Rosewood",
    "d40000" -> "Rosso corsa",
    "bc8f8f" -> "Rosy brown",
    "0038a8" -> "Royal azure",
    "4169e1" -> "Royal blue",
    "ca2c92" -> "Royal fuchsia",
    "7851a9" -> "Royal purple",
    "e0115f" -> "Ruby",
    "ff0028" -> "Ruddy",
    "bb6528" -> "Ruddy brown",
    "e18e96" -> "Ruddy pink",
    "a81c07" -> "Rufous",
    "80461b" -> "Russet",
    "b7410e" -> "Rust",
    "00563f" -> "Sacramento State green",
    "8b4513" -> "Saddle brown",
    "ff6700" -> "Safety orange",
    "f4c430" -> "Saffron",
    "23297a" -> "Saint Patrick Blue",
    "ff8c69" -> "Salmon",
    "ff91a4" -> "Salmon pink",
    "c2b280" -> "Sand",
    "967117" -> "Sand dune",
    "ecd540" -> "Sandstorm",
    "f4a460" -> "Sandy brown",
    "967117" -> "Sandy taupe",
    "507d2a" -> "Sap green",
    "0f52ba" -> "Sapphire",
    "cba135" -> "Satin sheen gold",
    "ff2400" -> "Scarlet",
    "ffd800" -> "School bus yellow",
    "76ff7a" -> "Screamin Green",
    "006994" -> "Sea blue",
    "2e8b57" -> "Sea green",
    "321414" -> "Seal brown",
    "fff5ee" -> "Seashell",
    "ffba00" -> "Selective yellow",
    "704214" -> "Sepia",
    "8a795d" -> "Shadow",
    "45cea2" -> "Shamrock",
    "009e60" -> "Shamrock green",
    "fc0fc0" -> "Shocking pink",
    "882d17" -> "Sienna",
    "c0c0c0" -> "Silver",
    "cb410b" -> "Sinopia",
    "007474" -> "Skobeloff",
    "87ceeb" -> "Sky blue",
    "cf71af" -> "Sky magenta",
    "6a5acd" -> "Slate blue",
    "708090" -> "Slate gray",
    "003399" -> "Smalt",
    "933d41" -> "Smokey topaz",
    "100c08" -> "Smoky black",
    "fffafa" -> "Snow",
    "0fc0fc" -> "Spiro Disco Ball",
    "a7fc00" -> "Spring bud",
    "00ff7f" -> "Spring green",
    "4682b4" -> "Steel blue",
    "fada5e" -> "Stil de grain yellow",
    "990000" -> "Stizza",
    "008080" -> "Stormcloud",
    "e4d96f" -> "Straw",
    "ffcc33" -> "Sunglow",
    "fad6a5" -> "Sunset",
    "fd5e53" -> "Sunset Orange",
    "d2b48c" -> "Tan",
    "f94d00" -> "Tangelo",
    "f28500" -> "Tangerine",
    "ffcc00" -> "Tangerine yellow",
    "483c32" -> "Taupe",
    "8b8589" -> "Taupe gray",
    "cd5700" -> "Tawny",
    "d0f0c0" -> "Tea green",
    "f4c2c2" -> "Tea rose",
    "008080" -> "Teal",
    "367588" -> "Teal blue",
    "006d5b" -> "Teal green",
    "e2725b" -> "Terra cotta",
    "d8bfd8" -> "Thistle",
    "de6fa1" -> "Thulian pink",
    "fc89ac" -> "Tickle Me Pink",
    "0abab5" -> "Tiffany Blue",
    "e08d3c" -> "Tiger eye",
    "dbd7d2" -> "Timberwolf",
    "eee600" -> "Titanium yellow",
    "ff6347" -> "Tomato",
    "746cc0" -> "Toolbox",
    "ffc87c" -> "Topaz",
    "fd0e35" -> "Tractor red",
    "808080" -> "Trolley Grey",
    "00755e" -> "Tropical rain forest",
    "0073cf" -> "True Blue",
    "417dc1" -> "Tufts Blue",
    "deaa88" -> "Tumbleweed",
    "b57281" -> "Turkish rose",
    "30d5c8" -> "Turquoise",
    "00ffef" -> "Turquoise blue",
    "a0d6b4" -> "Turquoise green",
    "66424d" -> "Tuscan red",
    "8a496b" -> "Twilight lavender",
    "66023c" -> "Tyrian purple",
    "0033aa" -> "UA blue",
    "d9004c" -> "UA red",
    "536895" -> "UCLA Blue",
    "ffb300" -> "UCLA Gold",
    "3cd070" -> "UFO Green",
    "014421" -> "UP Forest green",
    "7b1113" -> "UP Maroon",
    "990000" -> "USC Cardinal",
    "ffcc00" -> "USC Gold",
    "8878c3" -> "Ube",
    "ff6fff" -> "Ultra pink",
    "120a8f" -> "Ultramarine",
    "4166f5" -> "Ultramarine blue",
    "635147" -> "Umber",
    "5b92e5" -> "United Nations blue",
    "b78727" -> "University of California Gold",
    "ffff66" -> "Unmellow Yellow",
    "ae2029" -> "Upsdell red",
    "e1ad21" -> "Urobilin",
    "d3003f" -> "Utah Crimson",
    "f3e5ab" -> "Vanilla",
    "c5b358" -> "Vegas gold",
    "c80815" -> "Venetian red",
    "43b3ae" -> "Verdigris",
    "e34234" -> "Vermilion",
    "a020f0" -> "Veronica",
    "ee82ee" -> "Violet",
    "324ab2" -> "Violet Blue",
    "f75394" -> "Violet Red",
    "40826d" -> "Viridian",
    "922724" -> "Vivid auburn",
    "9f1d35" -> "Vivid burgundy",
    "da1d81" -> "Vivid cerise",
    "ffa089" -> "Vivid tangerine",
    "9f00ff" -> "Vivid violet",
    "004242" -> "Warm black",
    "00ffff" -> "Waterspout",
    "645452" -> "Wenge",
    "f5deb3" -> "Wheat",
    "ffffff" -> "White",
    "f5f5f5" -> "White smoke",
    "ff43a4" -> "Wild Strawberry",
    "fc6c85" -> "Wild Watermelon",
    "a2add0" -> "Wild blue yonder",
    "722f37" -> "Wine",
    "c9a0dc" -> "Wisteria",
    "738678" -> "Xanadu",
    "0f4d92" -> "Yale Blue",
    "ffff00" -> "Yellow",
    "ffae42" -> "Yellow Orange",
    "9acd32" -> "Yellow green",
    "0014a8" -> "Zaffre",
    "2c1608" -> "Zinnwaldite brown")
}

Well, since I had it laying around, here it is in Objective-C:
- (NSString*)colorNameFromColor:(NSColor*)chosenColor
{
    NSColor*    calibratedColor = [chosenColor colorUsingColorSpaceName:NSCalibratedRGBColorSpace];

    CGFloat  hue;
    CGFloat  saturation;
    CGFloat  brightness;
    [calibratedColor getHue:&hue
                 saturation:&saturation
                 brightness:&brightness
                      alpha:nil];

    // I found that when the saturation was below 1% I couldn't tell
    // the color from gray
    if (saturation <= 0.01)
    {
        saturation = 0.0;
    }

    NSString*   colorName   = @"";

    // If saturation is 0.0, then this is a grayscale color
    if (saturation == 0.0)
    {
        if (brightness <= 0.2)
        {
            colorName = @"black";
        }
        else if (brightness > 0.95)
        {
            colorName = @"white";
        }
        else
        {
            colorName = @"gray";

            if (brightness < 0.33)
            {
                colorName = [@"dark " stringByAppendingString:colorName];
            }
            else if (brightness > 0.66)
            {
                colorName = [@"light " stringByAppendingString:colorName];
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if ((hue <= 15.0 / 360.0) || (hue > 330.0 / 360.0))
        {
            colorName = @"red";
        }
        else if (hue < 45.0 / 360.0)
        {
            colorName = @"orange";
        }
        else if (hue < 70.0 / 360.0)
        {
            colorName = @"yellow";
        }
        else if (hue < 150.0 / 360.0)
        {
            colorName = @"green";
        }
        else if (hue < 190.0 / 360.0)
        {
            colorName = @"cyan";
        }
        else if (hue < 250.0 / 360.0)
        {
            colorName = @"blue";
        }
        else if (hue < 290.0 / 360.0)
        {
            colorName = @"purple";
        }
        else
        {
            colorName = @"magenta";
        }

        if (brightness < 0.5)
        {
            colorName = [@"dark " stringByAppendingString:colorName];
        }
        else if (brightness > 0.8)
        {
            colorName = [@"bright " stringByAppendingString:colorName];
        }
    }

    return colorName;
}

Pharo Smalltalk
Put this in a Pharo Workspace and print it.
| color colorNames nearestColorName |
color := Color r: 255 g: 0 b: 0 range: 255.
colorNames := Color registeredColorNames copyWithout: #transparent.
nearestColorName := colorNames detectMin: [ :each | (Color named: each) diff: color].

The results are of mixed quality. All darker colors are named as gray, dark gray or very dark gray. Probably Color's diff: method could be better.
For a very simple visualization do:
((Morph newBounds: (0@0 extent: 200@200 ) color: color) addMorph: nearestColorName asMorph) openInWorld.

A C# Solution with Linq and KnownColors from .NET
string GetColorName(int r, int g, int b){
    return Enum.GetValues(typeof(KnownColor))
        .OfType<KnownColor>()
        .Select(x => Color.FromKnownColor(x))
        .Select(x => new {Col = x, Offset = Math.Abs(r - x.R) + Math.Abs(g - x.G) + Math.Abs(b - x.B)})
        .OrderBy(x => x.Offset)
        .Select(x => x.Col)
        .First().Name;
}

SAS macro, based on the (rather quaint) SAS V8 colour names as documented here:
https://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/gref/zgscheme.htm#zrs-hues
Sample input:
%rgbname(100,100,50);

Sample output:

EDIT: Updated with much more compact version.
%macro rgbname(r,g,b);
data _null_;
    infile "C:\temp\colours.csv" dlm = ',' lrecl=32767 missover firstobs = 2 end = eof;
    format name description $32. rgb hls $8.;
    input name description rgb hls;
    R = input(substr(rgb,3,2),hex.);
    G = input(substr(rgb,5,2),hex.);
    B = input(substr(rgb,7,2),hex.);
    retain min_distance outdesc;
    distance = (r-&r)**2 + (g-&g)**2 + (b-&b)**2;
    min_distance = min(distance, min_distance);
    if distance = min_distance then outdesc = description;
    if eof then call symput("COLOUR_NAME", outdesc);
run;
dm log "postmessage ""You meant &COLOUR_NAME""" continue;
%mend rgbname;

XKCD version - a blatant ripoff of the top answer, but it's a nice little demo of the filename URL engine, and doesn't require manual preparation of a CSV:
%macro rgb_xkcd_name(r,g,b);
filename xkcd URL "http://bpaste.net/raw/402634/" debug;
data _null_;
    infile xkcd dlm = ',][' lrecl=32767 missover end = eof;
    format r g b 3. name $32.;
    input r g b name;
    retain min_distance outname;
    distance = (r-&r)**2 + (g-&g)**2 + (b-&b)**2;
    min_distance = min(distance, min_distance);
    if distance = min_distance then outname = name;
    if eof then do;
        call symput("COLOUR_NAME", outname);
        put _all_;
    end;
run;
dm log "postmessage ""XKCD thinks you meant &COLOUR_NAME""" continue;
%mend rgb_xkcd_name;

Tcl
This references X11 colors from rgb.txt. On my Ubuntu it's in /etc/X11/rgb.txt though I know on some systems it's in /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt. Google rgb.txt and download it if you don't run X11.
#! /usr/bin/env tclsh

set f [open /etc/X11/rgb.txt]
set raw [read $f]
close $f

set COLORS {}
foreach line [split $raw \n] {
    regexp {(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+(.+)} $line -> r g b name
    if {[info exists name] && $name != ""} {
        lappend COLORS [format %02x%02x%02x $r $g $b] $name
    }
}

proc color_distance {a b} {
    set a [scan $a %2x%2x%2x]
    set b [scan $b %2x%2x%2x]
    set dist 0

    foreach x $a y $b {
        set dist [expr {$dist + (abs($x-$y)**2)}]
    }
    return $dist
}

proc identify {given_color} {
    global COLORS
    set d 0xffffff
    set n "not found"
    set c ""

    foreach {test_color name} $COLORS {
        set dist [color_distance $given_color $test_color]
        if {$dist < $d} {
            set d $dist
            set n $name
            set c $test_color
        }
    }

    return "$n ($c)"
}

puts [identify $argv]

Pass color code as command line argument.

Python 2.6
With UI:
Obfuscated (8,397 bytes):
exec("import re;import base64");exec((lambda p,y:(lambda o,b,f:re.sub(o,b,f))(r"([0-9a-f]+)",lambda m:p(m,y),base64.b64decode("[encoded data, 5132 characters]")))(lambda a,b:b[int("0x"+a.group(1),16)],"0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|colorCanvas1|colorDifs|a|instructionsLabel|colorCanvas|canvasText1|create_rectangle|green|greenEntry|return|canvasText|value|numbers|colorName|16|color|pady|padx|redEntry|blue|Application|not|valid|root|20|hex_to_rgb|range|Those|lightgoldenrodyellow|red|colorlist|colors|blueLabel|green_dif|mediumspringgreen|__init__|redLabel|rectFill|mediumaquamarine|blue_dif|Entry|mediumslateblue|mediumvioletred|mediumturquoise|convert|lightsteelblue|darkolivegreen|cornflowerblue|lightslategrey|mediumseagreen|red_dif|blanchedalmond|darkturquoise|darkslateblue|lightseagreen|darkslategray|darkgoldenrod|paleturquoise|lavenderblush|palevioletred|text|palegoldenrod|height|submit|lightskyblue|darkseagreen|greenLabel|antiquewhite|lemonchiffon|master|midnightblue|in|mediumorchid|sticky|def|green1|int|mediumpurple|self|are|Canvas|forestgreen|greenyellow|lightyellow|saddlebrown|darkmagenta|navajowhite|yellowgreen|deepskyblue|floralwhite|lightsalmon|springgreen|sandybrown|grid|lightgreen|blueviolet|darkviolet|lightcoral|Frame|mediumblue|whitesmoke|blue1|darksalmon|aquamarine|papayawhip|width|darkorchid|darkorange|ValueError|dodgerblue|powderblue|ghostwhite|chartreuse|darkgreen|darkkhaki|cadetblue|chocolate|mistyrose|Converter|indianred|000080|02x|lightcyan|steelblue|firebrick|turquoise|abs|slategray|get|palegreen|limegreen|00008b|256|rosybrown|slateblue|olivedrab|peachpuff|lawngreen|burlywood|royalblue|goldenrod|aliceblue|str|orangered|lightgray|mintcream|lightpink|geometry|seagreen|seashell|lavender|lv|fill|mainloop|darkcyan|deeppink|darkgray|moccasin|darkblue|honeydew|red1|loop|cornsilk|thistle|hotpink|Convert|dimgrey|oldlace|crimson|darkred|magenta|command|460x180|skyblue|Tkinter|708090|00ff7f|fdf5e6|e6e6fa|dda0dd|da70d6|ffefd5|ba55d3|b22222|maroon|fff0f5|fff8dc|f5fffa|d8bfd8|ff7f50|cd853f|gainsboro|87ceeb|adff2f|98fb98|f08080|f0e68c|0000cd|import|ff69b4|bisque|ff00ff|7fffd4|d3d3d3|f8f8ff|008080|6a5acd|778899|d87093|7cfc00|e9967a|9370d8|808000|afeeee|f5f5dc|20b2aa|for|c0c0c0|d2b48c|2e8b57|f5f5f5|8b4513|66cdaa|ffa500|fafad2|7b68ee|c71585|6b8e23|orange|faf0e6|4169e1|40e0d0|lightblue|ffffff|8a2be2|add8e6|7fff00|ffa07a|006400|fffff0|fff5ee|8b0000|6495ed|9400d3|ffd700|dcdcdc|00ced1|0000ff|dc143c|except|008000|f0fff0|808080|440|ffff00|f4a460|32cd32|f0ffff|87cefa|9acd32|4682b4|fffaf0|daa520|ffffe0|RGB|00ff00|fa8072|ff1493|008b8b|fffafa|b8860b|ff8c00|ffc0cb|191970|ffb6c1|00ffff|sienna|d2691e|cd5c5c|00fa9a|a52a2a|if|faebd7|800080|deb887|purple|4b0082|556b2f|bc8f8f|ffe4e1|8b008b|3cb371|ffe4b5|ee82ee|f0f8ff|a0522d|silver|violet|ffebcd|483d8b|1e90ff|ff6347|f5deb3|00bfff|eee8aa|000000|orchid|9932cc|2f4f4f|8fbc8f|ffe4c4|48d1cc|5f9ea0|salmon|800000|ff0000|fffacd|ffdab9|lstrip|ffdead|yellow|460|b0c4de|ff4500|Button|228b22|e0ffff|a9a9a9|b0e0e6|90ee90|bdb76b|696969|tomato|indigo|black|wheat|ivory|colorLabel|items|beige|Green|khaki|brown|olive|Enter|tuple|class|Color|linen|title|white|azure|coral|plum|peru|aqua|lime|from|Blue|Name|gold|snow|grey|teal|navy|pink|keys|try|i|len|app|Red|column|The|min|tan|to|Tk|row|hexValue|is|W|blueEntry|columnspan|Label".split("|")))

Not Obfuscated (6,898 bytes):
from Tkinter import *
colorlist = {'#7cfc00': 'lawngreen', '#808080': 'grey', '#00008b': 'darkblue', '#ffe4b5': 'moccasin', '#fffff0': 'ivory', '#9400d3': 'darkviolet', '#b8860b': 'darkgoldenrod', '#fffaf0': 'floralwhite', '#8b008b': 'darkmagenta', '#fff5ee': 'seashell', '#ff8c00': 'darkorange', '#5f9ea0': 'cadetblue', '#2f4f4f': 'darkslategray', '#afeeee': 'paleturquoise', '#add8e6': 'lightblue', '#fffafa': 'snow', '#1e90ff': 'dodgerblue', '#000000': 'black', '#8fbc8f': 'darkseagreen', '#7fffd4': 'aquamarine', '#ffe4e1': 'mistyrose', '#800000': 'maroon', '#6495ed': 'cornflowerblue', '#4169e1': 'royalblue', '#40e0d0': 'turquoise', '#ffffff': 'white', '#00ced1': 'darkturquoise', '#8b0000': 'darkred', '#ee82ee': 'violet', '#adff2f': 'greenyellow', '#b0e0e6': 'powderblue', '#7b68ee': 'mediumslateblue', '#ff00ff': 'magenta', '#4682b4': 'steelblue', '#ff6347': 'tomato', '#00ff7f': 'springgreen', '#ffefd5': 'papayawhip', '#ffd700': 'gold', '#f5fffa': 'mintcream', '#dda0dd': 'plum', '#cd5c5c': 'indianred', '#ffa07a': 'lightsalmon', '#00fa9a': 'mediumspringgreen', '#f8f8ff': 'ghostwhite', '#008000': 'green', '#faebd7': 'antiquewhite', '#f0fff0': 'honeydew', '#c0c0c0': 'silver', '#228b22': 'forestgreen', '#7fff00': 'chartreuse', '#fafad2': 'lightgoldenrodyellow', '#fff8dc': 'cornsilk', '#f4a460': 'sandybrown', '#6b8e23': 'olivedrab', '#9932cc': 'darkorchid', '#fdf5e6': 'oldlace', '#3cb371': 'mediumseagreen', '#d8bfd8': 'thistle', '#808000': 'olive', '#a9a9a9': 'darkgray', '#f5f5dc': 'beige', '#f5deb3': 'wheat', '#ffa500': 'orange', '#00ff00': 'lime', '#90ee90': 'lightgreen', '#a0522d': 'sienna', '#8b4513': 'saddlebrown', '#00ffff': 'aqua', '#4b0082': 'indigo', '#66cdaa': 'mediumaquamarine', '#b22222': 'firebrick', '#d2b48c': 'tan', '#ffebcd': 'blanchedalmond', '#0000ff': 'blue', '#da70d6': 'orchid', '#fffacd': 'lemonchiffon', '#ff7f50': 'coral', '#f5f5f5': 'whitesmoke', '#ffc0cb': 'pink', '#f0e68c': 'khaki', '#ffffe0': 'lightyellow', '#f0ffff': 'azure', '#f0f8ff': 'aliceblue', '#daa520': 'goldenrod', '#c71585': 'mediumvioletred', '#b0c4de': 'lightsteelblue', '#fa8072': 'salmon', '#708090': 'slategray', '#ff1493': 'deeppink', '#6a5acd': 'slateblue', '#2e8b57': 'seagreen', '#e9967a': 'darksalmon', '#778899': 'lightslategrey', '#ba55d3': 'mediumorchid', '#ff4500': 'orangered', '#a52a2a': 'brown', '#696969': 'dimgrey', '#191970': 'midnightblue', '#dc143c': 'crimson', '#bdb76b': 'darkkhaki', '#ffff00': 'yellow', '#d87093': 'palevioletred', '#556b2f': 'darkolivegreen', '#9370d8': 'mediumpurple', '#eee8aa': 'palegoldenrod', '#cd853f': 'peru', '#faf0e6': 'linen', '#bc8f8f': 'rosybrown', '#d2691e': 'chocolate', '#008080': 'teal', '#98fb98': 'palegreen', '#ff69b4': 'hotpink', '#e0ffff': 'lightcyan', '#87cefa': 'lightskyblue', '#ffdead': 'navajowhite', '#483d8b': 'darkslateblue', '#32cd32': 'limegreen', '#e6e6fa': 'lavender', '#800080': 'purple', '#d3d3d3': 'lightgray', '#006400': 'darkgreen', '#0000cd': 'mediumblue', '#00bfff': 'deepskyblue', '#ffe4c4': 'bisque', '#48d1cc': 'mediumturquoise', '#008b8b': 'darkcyan', '#9acd32': 'yellowgreen', '#f08080': 'lightcoral', '#ff0000': 'red', '#deb887': 'burlywood', '#ffb6c1': 'lightpink', '#20b2aa': 'lightseagreen', '#87ceeb': 'skyblue', '#fff0f5': 'lavenderblush', '#8a2be2': 'blueviolet', '#000080': 'navy', '#dcdcdc': 'gainsboro', '#ffdab9': 'peachpuff'}

def hex_to_rgb(value):
    value = value.lstrip('#')
    lv = len(value)
    return tuple(int(value[i:i+lv/3], 16) for i in range(0, lv, lv/3))

class Application(Frame):

    def __init__(self, master):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.grid()
        self.loop()

    def loop(self):
        self.instructionsLabel = Label(self, text = "Enter in a RGB value.")
        self.instructionsLabel.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 3)

        self.redLabel = Label(self, text = "Red")
        self.redLabel.grid(row = 2, column = 0, padx = 5, pady = 5)
        self.redEntry = Entry(self)
        self.redEntry.grid(row = 3, column = 0, padx = 5, pady = 5)

        self.greenLabel = Label(self, text = "Green")
        self.greenLabel.grid(row = 2, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5)
        self.greenEntry = Entry(self)
        self.greenEntry.grid(row = 3, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5)

        self.blueLabel = Label(self, text = "Blue")
        self.blueLabel.grid(row = 2, column = 2, padx = 5, pady = 5)
        self.blueEntry = Entry(self)
        self.blueEntry.grid(row = 3, column = 2, padx = 5, pady = 5)

        self.submit = Button(self, text = "Convert", command = self.convert)
        self.submit.grid(row = 4, column = 0, columnspan = 3)

        self.colorLabel = Label(self)
        self.colorLabel.grid(row = 5, column = 0, columnspan = 3)

        self.colorCanvas = Canvas(self, width = 460, height = 20)
        self.colorCanvas.grid(row = 6, column = 0, columnspan = 3)

        self.canvasText = Label(self)
        self.canvasText.grid(row = 6, column = 0, sticky = W)

        self.colorCanvas1 = Canvas(self, width = 460, height = 20)
        self.colorCanvas1.grid(row = 7, column = 0, columnspan = 3)

        self.canvasText1 = Label(self)
        self.canvasText1.grid(row = 7, column = 0, sticky = W)

    def convert(self):
        try:
            red = int(self.redEntry.get())
            green = int(self.greenEntry.get())
            blue = int(self.blueEntry.get())
        except ValueError:
            self.colorLabel["text"] = "Those are not valid numbers."
            return

        if red not in range(256):
            self.colorLabel["text"] = "Those are not valid numbers."
            return
        if green not in range(256):
            self.colorLabel["text"] = "Those are not valid numbers."
            return
        if blue not in range(256):
            self.colorLabel["text"] = "Those are not valid numbers."
            return

        colorDifs = {}
        colors = {}
        for hexValue, colorName in colorlist.items():
            colors[colorName] = hexValue
            red1, green1, blue1 = hex_to_rgb(hexValue)
            red_dif = abs(red1 - red)
            green_dif = abs(green1 - green)
            blue_dif = abs(blue1 - blue)
            colorDifs[red_dif + green_dif + blue_dif] = colorName
        color = colorDifs[min(colorDifs.keys())];

        hexValue = colors[color]

        rectFill = '#%02x%02x%02x' % (red, green, blue)

        self.colorLabel["text"] = "The color is " +  color
        self.canvasText["text"] = "(" + str(red) + ", " + str(green) + ", " + str(blue) + ")"
        self.canvasText1["text"] = color
        self.colorCanvas.create_rectangle(20, 0, 440, 20, fill = rectFill)
        self.colorCanvas1.create_rectangle(20, 0, 440, 20, fill = hexValue)

root = Tk()
root.title("RGB to Color Name Converter")
root.geometry("460x180")
app = Application(root)

root.mainloop()

Without UI:
Obfuscated (6,543 bytes):
exec("import re;import base64");exec((lambda p,y:(lambda o,b,f:re.sub(o,b,f))(r"([0-9a-f]+)",lambda m:p(m,y),base64.b64decode("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")))(lambda a,b:b[int("0x"+a.group(1),16)],"000000|1|2|3|colorName|blue|rgbValue|value|again|ValueError|red|try|print|colors|int|range|hex_to_rgb|while|lightgoldenrodyellow|colorlist|except|green_dif|16|blue_dif|mediumaquamarine|True|hexValue|color|mediumvioletred|mediumslateblue|break|mediumturquoise|red_dif|cornflowerblue|darkolivegreen|mediumseagreen|lightslategrey|lightsteelblue|blanchedalmond|palevioletred|lavenderblush|darkgoldenrod|paleturquoise|lightseagreen|darkslategray|darkslateblue|darkturquoise|palegoldenrod|midnightblue|mediumpurple|return|else|antiquewhite|lightskyblue|darkseagreen|mediumorchid|lemonchiffon|forestgreen|navajowhite|greenyellow|lightyellow|floralwhite|yellowgreen|lightsalmon|saddlebrown|darkmagenta|deepskyblue|springgreen|lightcoral|sandybrown|lightgreen|darkorange|aquamarine|dodgerblue|darksalmon|powderblue|blueviolet|in|mediumblue|n|papayawhip|whitesmoke|ghostwhite|darkorchid|chartreuse|darkviolet|darkgreen|lawngreen|steelblue|olivedrab|limegreen|royalblue|darkkhaki|cadetblue|mintcream|gainsboro|rosybrown|slateblue|not|chocolate|firebrick|mistyrose|goldenrod|turquoise|aliceblue|abs|burlywood|slategray|indianred|orangered|256|lightgray|lightblue|peachpuff|palegreen|lightcyan|lightpink|moccasin|honeydew|seashell|lavender|darkblue|seagreen|lv|deeppink|continue|cornsilk|darkgray|000080|darkred|thistle|hotpink|magenta|dimgrey|oldlace|skyblue|crimson|483d8b|darkcyan|00008b|1e90ff|ff6347|eee8aa|c0c0c0|fffaf0|4682b4|d2b48c|dda0dd|ff4500|00ff7f|da70d6|ffffe0|f5f5f5|daa520|ffefd5|008b8b|66cdaa|fffafa|ffa500|b22222|e9967a|raw_input|orchid|b8860b|f08080|maroon|Please|fff0f5|fafad2|7b68ee|e6e6fa|9932cc|fff8dc|c71585|ffc0cb|e0ffff|191970|2f4f4f|8fbc8f|6b8e23|orange|fdf5e6|f5fffa|ffb6c1|00ffff|faf0e6|fa8072|4169e1|sienna|d2691e|d8bfd8|cd5c5c|ff7f50|708090|48d1cc|00fa9a|a52a2a|ffe4c4|9400d3|ffffff|f0f8ff|ba55d3|cd853f|8b4513|add8e6|0000cd|7fff00|faebd7|9acd32|87ceeb|rgb|ffd700|deb887|adff2f|98fb98|purple|fffff0|2e8b57|fff5ee|salmon|800000|f5deb3|8b0000|a0522d|fffacd|ff1493|6495ed|ffdab9|5f9ea0|if|dcdcdc|f0e68c|556b2f|lstrip|bc8f8f|a9a9a9|778899|006400|ffdead|yellow|ffe4e1|for|bisque|8b008b|b0c4de|ff00ff|00ced1|00ff00|3cb371|ffa07a|8a2be2|7fffd4|ffe4b5|228b22|bdb76b|0000ff|d3d3d3|ee82ee|ff8c00|f8f8ff|dc143c|ff69b4|4b0082|800080|008080|b0e0e6|6a5acd|ff0000|87cefa|d87093|90ee90|7cfc00|008000|9370d8|00bfff|808000|20b2aa|afeeee|f0fff0|696969|808080|silver|tomato|ffff00|violet|f4a460|indigo|ffebcd|32cd32|def|f5f5dc|f0ffff|40e0d0|khaki|ivory|linen|input|black|white|beige|ENTER|brown|olive|Press|GREEN|azure|items|wheat|tuple|coral|aqua|lime|grey|teal|plum|gold|peru|keys|snow|navy|pink|BLUE|RGB|The|the|min|i|RED|tan|len|is|INVALID|0|to|mediumspringgreen|green|nPlease".split("|")))

Not Obfuscated (5,050 bytes):
colorlist = {'#7cfc00': 'lawngreen', '#808080': 'grey', '#00008b': 'darkblue', '#ffe4b5': 'moccasin', '#fffff0': 'ivory', '#9400d3': 'darkviolet', '#b8860b': 'darkgoldenrod', '#fffaf0': 'floralwhite', '#8b008b': 'darkmagenta', '#fff5ee': 'seashell', '#ff8c00': 'darkorange', '#5f9ea0': 'cadetblue', '#2f4f4f': 'darkslategray', '#afeeee': 'paleturquoise', '#add8e6': 'lightblue', '#fffafa': 'snow', '#1e90ff': 'dodgerblue', '#000000': 'black', '#8fbc8f': 'darkseagreen', '#7fffd4': 'aquamarine', '#ffe4e1': 'mistyrose', '#800000': 'maroon', '#6495ed': 'cornflowerblue', '#4169e1': 'royalblue', '#40e0d0': 'turquoise', '#ffffff': 'white', '#00ced1': 'darkturquoise', '#8b0000': 'darkred', '#ee82ee': 'violet', '#adff2f': 'greenyellow', '#b0e0e6': 'powderblue', '#7b68ee': 'mediumslateblue', '#ff00ff': 'magenta', '#4682b4': 'steelblue', '#ff6347': 'tomato', '#00ff7f': 'springgreen', '#ffefd5': 'papayawhip', '#ffd700': 'gold', '#f5fffa': 'mintcream', '#dda0dd': 'plum', '#cd5c5c': 'indianred', '#ffa07a': 'lightsalmon', '#00fa9a': 'mediumspringgreen', '#f8f8ff': 'ghostwhite', '#008000': 'green', '#faebd7': 'antiquewhite', '#f0fff0': 'honeydew', '#c0c0c0': 'silver', '#228b22': 'forestgreen', '#7fff00': 'chartreuse', '#fafad2': 'lightgoldenrodyellow', '#fff8dc': 'cornsilk', '#f4a460': 'sandybrown', '#6b8e23': 'olivedrab', '#9932cc': 'darkorchid', '#fdf5e6': 'oldlace', '#3cb371': 'mediumseagreen', '#d8bfd8': 'thistle', '#808000': 'olive', '#a9a9a9': 'darkgray', '#f5f5dc': 'beige', '#f5deb3': 'wheat', '#ffa500': 'orange', '#00ff00': 'lime', '#90ee90': 'lightgreen', '#a0522d': 'sienna', '#8b4513': 'saddlebrown', '#00ffff': 'aqua', '#4b0082': 'indigo', '#66cdaa': 'mediumaquamarine', '#b22222': 'firebrick', '#d2b48c': 'tan', '#ffebcd': 'blanchedalmond', '#0000ff': 'blue', '#da70d6': 'orchid', '#fffacd': 'lemonchiffon', '#ff7f50': 'coral', '#f5f5f5': 'whitesmoke', '#ffc0cb': 'pink', '#f0e68c': 'khaki', '#ffffe0': 'lightyellow', '#f0ffff': 'azure', '#f0f8ff': 'aliceblue', '#daa520': 'goldenrod', '#c71585': 'mediumvioletred', '#b0c4de': 'lightsteelblue', '#fa8072': 'salmon', '#708090': 'slategray', '#ff1493': 'deeppink', '#6a5acd': 'slateblue', '#2e8b57': 'seagreen', '#e9967a': 'darksalmon', '#778899': 'lightslategrey', '#ba55d3': 'mediumorchid', '#ff4500': 'orangered', '#a52a2a': 'brown', '#696969': 'dimgrey', '#191970': 'midnightblue', '#dc143c': 'crimson', '#bdb76b': 'darkkhaki', '#ffff00': 'yellow', '#d87093': 'palevioletred', '#556b2f': 'darkolivegreen', '#9370d8': 'mediumpurple', '#eee8aa': 'palegoldenrod', '#cd853f': 'peru', '#faf0e6': 'linen', '#bc8f8f': 'rosybrown', '#d2691e': 'chocolate', '#008080': 'teal', '#98fb98': 'palegreen', '#ff69b4': 'hotpink', '#e0ffff': 'lightcyan', '#87cefa': 'lightskyblue', '#ffdead': 'navajowhite', '#483d8b': 'darkslateblue', '#32cd32': 'limegreen', '#e6e6fa': 'lavender', '#800080': 'purple', '#d3d3d3': 'lightgray', '#006400': 'darkgreen', '#0000cd': 'mediumblue', '#00bfff': 'deepskyblue', '#ffe4c4': 'bisque', '#48d1cc': 'mediumturquoise', '#008b8b': 'darkcyan', '#9acd32': 'yellowgreen', '#f08080': 'lightcoral', '#ff0000': 'red', '#deb887': 'burlywood', '#ffb6c1': 'lightpink', '#20b2aa': 'lightseagreen', '#87ceeb': 'skyblue', '#fff0f5': 'lavenderblush', '#8a2be2': 'blueviolet', '#000080': 'navy', '#dcdcdc': 'gainsboro', '#ffdab9': 'peachpuff'}
def hex_to_rgb(value):
    value = value.lstrip('#')
    lv = len(value)
    return tuple(int(value[i:i+lv/3], 16) for i in range(0, lv, lv/3))

def color(rgbValue):
    colors = {};
    for hexValue, colorName in colorlist.items():
        red, green, blue = hex_to_rgb(hexValue);
        red_dif = abs(red - rgbValue[0]);
        green_dif = abs(green - rgbValue[1])
        blue_dif = abs(blue - rgbValue[2])
        colors[red_dif + green_dif + blue_dif] = colorName
    return colors[min(colors.keys())];

while True:

    print "Please input the RGB value.";
    raw_input("--Press ENTER to continue--\n> ");

    red, green, blue = "", "", "";
    red = raw_input("RED\n> ");
    while True:
        try:
            if int(red) not in range(256):
                red = raw_input("--INVALID--\nPlease try again\n> ");
            else:
                break;
        except ValueError:
            red = raw_input("--INVALID--\nPlease try again\n> ");

    green = raw_input("GREEN\n> ");
    while True:
        try:
            if int(green) not in range(256):
                green = raw_input("--INVALID--\nPlease try again\n> ");
            else:
                break;
        except ValueError:
            green = raw_input("--INVALID--\nPlease try again\n> ");

    blue = raw_input("BLUE\n> ");
    while True:
        try:
            if int(blue) not in range(256):
                blue = raw_input("--INVALID--\nPlease try again\n> ");
            else:
                break;
        except ValueError:
            blue = raw_input("--INVALID--\nPlease try again\n> ");

    rgb = (int(red), int(green), int(blue));
    colorName = color(rgb);

    print "The color is", colorName;
    print
    print
    print

Javascript
https://jsfiddle.net/SuperJedi224/goxyhm7a/
Some sample results [as of July 31] (colors listed are, in order, the one it determines as the closest and the one it determines as the second closest; except where only one is given, in which case it was determined to be an exact match):

Bright Navy Blue / Steel Blue

Bronze / Tan Yellow Orange

Topaz / Pear

Slime Green / Olive Green

Viridian / Emerald

VB.net
Function ColorName(r AS Integer, g As Integer, b As Integer)As String
  Dim nc = Color.FromArgb(255, r, g, b)
  For Each ob In [Enum].GetValues(GetType(System.Drawing.KnownColor))
    Dim c = Color.FromKnownColor(CType(ob, System.Drawing.KnownColor))
    If (c.R = nc.R) AndAlso (c.B = nc.B) AndAlso (c.G = nc.G) Then Return c.Name
  Next
  Return nc.Name
End Function

Am I missing something?  This seems to cover only 174 out of 16 M possible RGB colors.

@JonofAllTrades Depends on the questions definition output the colors name. Eg If the color doesn't have a name then it outputs the html color eg &FFFFFFFF. Does the question say output the name of the "nearest" known named color. Nope.

As always, you like to interpret things in a different way from others.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/


text:
Your lover cursed you into an ogre!
You're a programmer. You always work everyday and don't have time with your lover.
One day, your lover was so angry with you that they cursed you into an ogre! Your fingers have grown big, and you can't type as before. And of course only your lover can lift your curse , but you only have 3 days! So, you decided to write a program to touch your lover's heart and lift your curse. It can be a love letter, or something just saying I'm sorry; it's up to you. Try your best.
Of course because you are an ogre now, when you type you press two keys on your keyboard at a time, horizontally. Example: when you want to type  S, you only have the choice of either  A +  S,  S +  D input. You can change the order to S +  A or D +  S -- it's just matter of luck and time.
Note :

The big and edge keys of the keyboard are not affected (` tab caps lock ctrl enter shift \ backspace alt space). However, you only can use a big key 3 times, and then the key breaks.
Other than key on left-bottom side area also only can use 3 times due lack of durability against ogre hand.
Using mouse input (ex: virtual keyboard, copy paste) is considered not creative enough to show your love, and will curse you into stone.
Your keyboard is PC US English QWERTY keyboard.
Convince your lover with the most votes !

If I want G can't I do G+H, backspace? I don't see how this adds any challenge at all.

ahh, sorry i will update the role

Also, no mouse input right? (trivial to type all the ASCII characters and then copy-paste)

@StevenLiao will curse you into a.. dust?

How about arrows? Like I want to type "YOU" using "YU", then go left, then press "OP" resulting in "YOPU", then "backspace" to delete "P".

i'm adding some rule for other key against ogre fingers

To the author: I think you should clarify the limit for all keys on the keyboard (Home, End, arrow keys, Num Locks, numeric key pad, function keys, etc.).

source: Stack Exchange

authors: n̴̖̋h̷͉̃a̷̭̿h̸̡̅ẗ̵̨́d̷̰̀ĥ̷̳

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

sort: votes


text:
The bug stops here
Let's discover1 some bugs...
Write the shortest complete program possible that, when run on a stable release of an implementation of a language, demonstrates a bug in that implementation. Please specify which release and platform was used. This is code golf, so the shortest code (in bytes) wins.

An implementation bug is any behavior that contradicts the language's official standard or specification.
This does not include bugs in the language's standard library.

This is code-golf, so the shortest valid submission (measured in bytes) wins.
1 OK, you don't actually have to find the bug. But if you do, don't forget to file a bug report! :)

Would a memory leak be considered a bug?

That would b a bug in the program, not the compiler. So no, that does not count.

@Quincunx well, it would count if you can get the compiler to leak memory when it shouldn't, or to get it to unexpectedly cause your program to leak.

Using this definition of a bug, any C program with undefined behavior has no bugs...

Golfscript, 4
2-1?

This produces output of 1/2 in the interpreter downloaded from golfscript.com and 0.5on web golfscript. There aren't supposed to be floats in golfscript, but the latest compiler has this on line 82: Gint.new(@val**b.val) and it seems to miss a cast to int.

Hmm, this one will probably be quite hard to beat. I foresee a green check mark in this this answer's future... ;)

Technically, it's a Rational with the standard interpreter, but GolfScript isn't supposes to have those either...

Taxi, 256 bytes
1 is waiting at Starchild Numerology.1 is waiting at Starchild Numerology.Go to Starchild Numerology:w 1 l 2 r 1 l 1 l 2 l.Pickup a passenger going to Equal's Corner.Pickup a passenger going to Equal's Corner.Go to Equal's Corner:w 1 l.Go to Go More:n 2 l.

Try it online!
I'm not 100% sure this counts but, based on the map of Townsburg, Go More is the 2nd left when heading north from Equal's Corner. However, the little dead-end road that is the 1st left (the one that Starchild Numerology is on) doesn't have any nodes on it. Thus, as far as the official interpreter is concerned, it's not a road. Thus, Go More is actually the first left. If you run the above program, you'll get:
error: cannot drive in that direction

Haskell (GHC 8.0.2 on TIO), 10 9 bytes
-1 byte thanks to @Angs
f::()
f=w

Try it online!
I have no idea what's happening here. A constant with a type signature defined to be a nonexistent identifier causes an ICE ("impossible happened") on TIO Haskell.

Bash, 11 bytes
$ bash --version
GNU bash, version 4.2.47(1)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)
Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>

This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
$
$ $[2**63%-1]

Warning: Program '/bin/bash' crashed.

Just as quick as using the exit command...

Where did you get that warning message from? It would be better to include the original error (Floating point exception) instead.

@nyuszika7h: That's what my terminal emulator (Konsole) shows.

@Dennis I guess that's because you tried it directly in the terminal instead of starting another bash instance manually first.

@nyuszika7h: I did. I like it better that way. Hit enter, watch blinking red cursor, shell is gone.

Bash, 7 bytes
$ xxd bug.sh
0000000: 2431 3c3c 5f0a 01                        $1<<_..
$ bash bug.sh xxd 2>&-
0000000: 0a                                       .
$ dash bug.sh xxd 2>&-
0000000: 01                                       .

I actually did find this on my own, although I assume it's well-known. Drove me crazy for about an hour until I finally figured out why my Bash script wasn't working...

SmileBASIC, 4 bytes
?1;?

This should be equivalent to:
PRINT 1;
PRINT

Printing the number 1 without a trailing linebreak, then moving to the next line.
However, it throws the error Type mismatch(PRINT:3) after printing 1.
The bug is that PRINT only has 2 arguments, while the error refers to a third argument which doesn't exist.

PHP 5.5, 31 bytes
(new GlobIterator("*"))->key();

When it is executed in an empty directory, it throws:

Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'LogicException' with message 'The parent constructor was not called: the object is in an invalid state ' in Command line code on line 1

It shouldn't throw any exception. It doesn't throw any exception if the glob pattern (*) matches at least one file in the directory.
It is also present in PHP 5.3 and 5.4. PHP 5.3 cannot parse the code above, it requires the object created by new to be stored in a variable before running any of its methods (35 chars after stripping the unneeded white space characters):
$x = new GlobIterator("*");
$x->key();

It is bug #55701 and it has been fixed in July 2016 for PHP 5.6 and 7.0. It was also present in these versions until it was fixed. The versions released after the fix (7.1 and 7.2) don't have this bug.
It was not fixed for PHP 5.5 and older versions because they were already beyond their support phase at that time.

Java 5 or 6, 12+ bytes
enum M{M;{/* Code here */}}

In Java versions 1 through 7, all1 Java programs should have an endpoint class containing a main-method:
class M{public static void main(String[]a){/* Code here */}}

And in Java 8 through 10 you should have this as well, or optionally an interface instead:
interface M{static void main(String[]a){/* Code here */}}

In Java versions prior to Java 7, it was due to a bug possible to use a static block instead like this: class M{static{/* Code here */}}, to run code without a main method. It will still give the following error to STDERR, but only after it has executed the code inside the static block:

M
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: main
Exception in thread "main"

In Java 5 and 6 this could also be done without static block in an enum, as displayed at the top of this answer, which is also mentioned on the Tips for Golfing in Java page by @OlivierGrégoire. Also mentioned on that tip page is that you can get rid of the error to STDERR by changing it to:
enum M{M;{/* Code here */System.exit(0);}}

This might be useful if a challenge states it isn't allowed to error and requires a full program (although in the current meta functions are allowed, and errors to STDERR after you've already completed the challenge are also allowed).
1. Note that java.applet.Applet or javafx.application.Application classes can run independent without a main-method, although their general use is to be embedded inside another application.

J, 24 Bytes
(".@,quote)'(".@,quote)'

This works on all versions I've tried.
Infinite recursion should throw a stack error, for example, in $: 0. However, the ". verb (eval) seems to fly under the radar, and this crashes the interpreter with a segmentation fault.
Based on the quine
(,quote)'(,quote)'

Try it online!

C++ (gcc 4 or 5) + Boost, 94 bytes
I'm not sure exactly which versions of gcc this will or won't work on. The guy who originally reported the bug says the bug is present in gcc4 and gcc5, so I will take his word on it. Personally, I tested it with 5.4.0
#include <boost/any.hpp>
#include <cstdarg>
int a(const boost::any&x){}int b(va_list l){a(l);}

Attempting to compile this produces:
$ gcc gccbug.cpp
gccbug.cpp:3:50: internal compiler error: Segmentation fault
 int a(const boost::any&x){}int b(va_list l){a(l);}
                                                  ^
Please submit a full bug report,
with preprocessed source if appropriate.
See <file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-5/README.Bugs> for instructions.


text:
Increment Bitwise
Make a function that increments a number using only bitwise, loops, and conditions.
Rules:

All entries must be as per the language spec defined below.
Scoring is not of code length, but of the points for each operation given below.
The entry point is inc(a), for "increment and return a".
Lowest score wins.

See the example to help with scoring.
Language Spec (strict JS subset):
All input is assumed to be signed 32-bit integers, with input being in the range [-231+1, 231-2] (interval notation), with the upper bound to give room for the increment. All output is assumed to be within the range [-231+2, 231-1].
Whitespace is never syntactically significant beyond separating literals, keywords, and newline-ended comments. Booleans for conditions can and may be implicitly converted to integers, with 1 == true and 0 == false. All variables are passed by value (as they are all primitives).
Cost is given for each element, with "per use" implied.
Comments: (0 pts)
/* like this */
// or this

Numeric or variable literal: (0 pts)
i, someVariable, 2, etc.

Boolean literal: (0 pts)
true  // == 1, implicit conversion
false // == 0, implicit conversion

Note: Integer to boolean conversion is as follows (in pseudocode):
if 0: true
else: false

Grouping: (0 pts)
(foo && bar);

Function declaration: (0 pts)
function foo() { ... } // braces required
function bar(a) { ... }

Declare variable: (0 pts)
var a;

Assignment: (1 pt)
var a = 1; // semicolon required to terminate statement
a = 2; // only needs declared once
var b = a;
// b = a = 3; // cannot assign in right side of statement
var c = a << 5;
var d = a ^ (c << 5);

Equality/Inequality: (1 pt)
x == 1; // equality
x != 1; // inequality
x > y; // greater than
x >= y; // greater than or equal to
x < y; // less than
x <= y; // less than or equal to

Logical operators: (1 pt)

!a (not)
a && b (and, returns 1 if both are true, 0 otherwise)
a || b (or, returns 1 if either are true, 0 otherwise)

Bitwise operators: (1 pt)

~a (not)
a & b (and)
a | b (or)
a ^ b (exclusive or)
a << b (arithmetic left shift)
a >> b (arithmetic right shift)
a >>> b (logical right shift)

Augmented assignment: (2 pts)
a &= b; // example

If statement: (condition value + 1 pt)
if (condition) { ... }
if (x == 2) { ... } // worth 2 pts
if (x) { ... } // x is nonzero, worth 1 pt

If-Else statement: (condition value + 2 pts)
if (condition) { ... } else { ... }

While statement: (condition value + 2 pts)
while (condition) { ... }
while (x == 2) { ... } // worth 3 pts
while (x) { ... } // evaluation same as in if, worth 2 pts

Do-While statement: (condition value + 2 pts)
do { ... } while (condition); // semicolon required

Return statement: (number of points for statement on right + 1 pt)
return foo; // semicolon required, worth 1 pt
return a & b; // worth 2 pts

Function call: (number of parameters + 2 pts)
foo(); // worth 2 pts
bar(1, 2) // worth 2 + 2 = 4 pts

Operator precedence (first to last performed):

( ... )
~/! (right-to-left)
<</>>/>>> (left-to-right)
>/</>=/<= (left-to-right)
==/!= (left-to-right)

Note: 1 == 1 == 1 works out to 0 == 1 which is 0.

& (left-to-right)
^ (left-to-right)
| (left-to-right)
&& (left-to-right)
|| (left-to-right)

Example scoring:
This (ficticious) example would score 14 points. See comments for details.
function inc(a) {
  var b = a; // adds 1 pt for assignment
  if (!a) return 0; // adds 3 pts: 2 for if and 1 for return
  while (a & b) { // adds 3 pts: 2 for while and 1 for `&`
    b >>= a ^ b; // adds 3 pts: 2 for augmented assignment, 1 for `^`
    a = b << 1; // adds 2 pts: 1 for assignment, 1 for `<<`
  }
  return a ^ b; // adds 2 pts: 1 for return, 1 for `^`
}

Is there a Javascript-only requirement? If so please make this explicit in the question and add a javascript tag. Note also that language-specific challenges are rather lame, especially given that many languages share this same set of operators.

@PaulR And even if they didn't, I think the wording is good enough the prevent any loopholes with, let's say, J.

Does this need to work for negatives? Are numbers limited to 32 bits?

Does JS implicitly cast between Booleans and numbers?

Yes, but treat them as integers in this context.

@xnor No and yes.

10
Works for negative numbers.
function inc(x)
{
    if(x & 1)                       // 1 + 1
        return inc(x >>> 1) << 1;   // 1 + 3 + 1 + 1

    return x | 1;                   // 1 + 1
};

11 points (also works for negative numbers)
function inc(a) {
  var t = 1;             // 1 pt
  while (a & t) {        // 3 pts
    a &= (~t);           // 3 pts
    t <<= 1;             // 2 pts
  }
  return a|t;            // 2 pts
}

I thought this was supposed to actually increment the number it was called on, but I am not familiar with a way to pass integers by reference in JS.

It works when converted to C/C++. Good answer

No. It only returns the incremented value. JS only has pass by reference for primitives.

10 (works for negative numbers)
function inc(a)
{
    var c = 1;                   // 1
    while (c)                    // 2
    {
        var s = a ^ c;           // 2
        c = (a & c) << 1;        // 3
        a = s;                   // 1
    }
    return a;                    // 1
}

The question mentions that the language spec you need to use is a JS subset, I understood that as a requirement to use JS... but I don't think there's much of a difference here anyway.

I've converted it to JS now (I think - I've never used JS before) - I'll also ask the OP to clarify the question.

11 (Works for negatives)
function inc(a) {
    for(var b=1;a&b;b<<=1) {
        a=a^b;
    }
    return a^b
}

How are for loops scored?

@xnor I treated them as 1 + (score for code in brackets).

10 (13 if it must work for negative numbers)
function inc(a){
  var m=1;             // 1pts
  while((a & m)==m){   // 4pts
    m=(m<<1)|1;        // 3pts
  }
  return a^m;          // 2pts
}

It is 13. I clarified...apparently that didn't get caught in the Sandbox phase


text:
Generate random 7-carded poker hand for a given hand type
Represent poker cards as numbers from 0 to 51. 0 to 12 - all hearts from 2 to Ace, 13 to 25 all diamonds and so on.
Your goal is to write a function for each poker hand type which generates a random 7-card hand (as in Texas Holdem on the river), in which the best 5-card combination is of the target type. The output is a sequence of 7 numbers.
So, your function accepts a number from 0 to 8, where 0 is a High Card poker hand type and 8 is a Straight Flush, and returns a sequence of 7 numbers which represent the hand.
Additional requirements:

The hand should be sampled uniformly from all the possible hands of the given type. For example, it's not ok to generate straight flushes which always end with Ace.
You can't use or generate any look up tables bigger then 1000 values. For example, it's not ok to generate all flushes and than select a random one from them.
Generating completely random sets of 7 cards and checking for the target type until it is found is not allowed. Basically your function should have defined upper time limit.

What's the (objective) winning criterion?

@m.buettner added tag for popularity contest. Basically I solved this problem straightforwardly on scala myself, but code is too big and ugly to be proud of and I can't find nice and clear algorithm, which I believe exists.

If you're looking for a nice and clear algorithm codegolf.SE is not the right place to ask for it, regardless of the winning criterion. You might want to try codereview.SE instead. As for your challenge, I think it could be interesting as a plain code golf challenge (shortest code wins).

@m.buettner I already have working algorithm, and the only reason why I created this question is because I believe the task is tricky and can be fun for others.

I'm not sure why already having a working algorithm prevents you from posting it on codereview.SE. In fact, that's exactly what CR is for - you've got a solution, but you don't think it's optimal, so you want others to have a look at it and see if they can improve it. Anyway, retracting my close vote. As code golf it sounds like good fun.

@m.buettner maybe I'll do that, thanks for suggestion.

The new rule 3 forbids the most obvius solution. Now, what about generating a random set then 'count up' until the target type is found?

@edc65 I think that is acceptable, you only need to make sure that your 'count up' method satisfies rule number 1 and allows generation of all possible hands.

Does constant seed count as "defined upper limit"? :)

I voted to close. Questions should be self-contained. This means any necessary information should not simply be "linked" to. So, add a list of all poker hand types and how they're defined, and specify the suits and their order for those who don't know (you just said "and so on"). Also, I think requirement 2 could be dropped if you simply require the program to complete in decent time.


text:
Low Entropy Literature
This is one of my favourite poems I wanted to share. Especially because it looks good for compressing. Who cares about literature in the 21st century anyway.
Goal
Your goal is to write the shortest program possible that prints out the following poem: http://pastebin.com/aXV0C515
Rules

The HQ9Monkey++ language is prohibited

This doesn't seem too different from the other kolmogorov-complexity questions, I'm afraid.

So just downloading that text is permitted?

@AdamSpeight that would be a standard loophole. So, no.

Doesn't say that in the rules.

@JanDvorak many don't seem too different from printing hello world somehow tricky. so we just... wait and maybe no one is interested and that would prove your point.

If you give an infinite number of monkeys an infinite number of typewriters...

@PeterTaylor Ah, you're right. I couldn't find it so I took it as It didn't even happen.

Python 2.x (Baseline answer, 651 650, +/- 40% gain)
print'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'.decode('base64').decode('zip')

doesn't work in python3

@Pinna_be It would cost 2 more bytes (I just noticed I have an extra whitespace). If you'd convert the print to a Python 3 print, it would work.

Huh? Python's strings have decode-function? Funny because I primarily work with Python and never knew about that.

@TheRare Neat, huh?

@Synthetica Indeed.

@TheRare (There's also an encode method, which I used to generate this code, just an fyi)

@Synthetica Yes, about that one I knew. :)

Bash, 499 bytes
Why wasn't this a standard loophole?
0000000: 7461 696c 202d 6334 3733 2022 2430 227c  tail -c473 "$0"|
0000010: 7a63 6174 3b65 7869 740a 1f8b 0800 5d28  zcat;exit.....](
0000020: a753 0003 4d53 5176 8430 08fc cf29 b81a  .S..MSQv.0...)..
0000030: 2a9a bc26 6049 529f 3d7d 27ae 6ef7 2fc2  *..&`IR.=}'.n./.
0000040: 00c3 3056 d6c5 9c0e 3197 4ac5 f44b ce8c  ..0V....1.J..K..
0000050: 5808 1669 4566 65b7 75fd cc78 dae5 fe9e  X..iEfe.u..x....
0000060: 5c78 2153 9ad8 269e 6a40 9e5a 143a 121e  \x!S..&.j@.Z.:..
0000070: b579 2f95 acb7 1bde ba4a 0dab 5bb9 0303  .y/......J..[...
0000080: 66c7 d38c bd06 0aaf 8f28 6e20 e4a9 0a8d  f........(n ....
0000090: a66b da62 0b49 6fec 9a24 2f57 e2f5 5dbf  .k.b.Io..$/W..].
00000a0: 3bbb 848f 002b 37f3 0402 21f2 cf43 78e7  ;....+7...!..Cx.
00000b0: 9644 5ba5 d9cf a4db e08a b267 e896 3c3f  .D[........g..<?
00000c0: 54b9 8f81 856b 137f 84e1 bc47 9ea4 05f9  T....k.....G....
00000d0: 490f 9076 ebba 548a a9a2 9bf3 a161 1569  I..v..T......a.i
00000e0: f4a6 ba63 0728 74a2 ec99 5352 ce04 bc0a  ...c.(t...SR....
00000f0: 7b3e a9f0 2201 31ec 6b8f d285 4f53 65ac  {>..".1.k...OSe.
0000100: 1f20 9282 2b80 5dc7 9ba7 fc0e 3ee8 2137  . ..+.].....>.!7
0000110: 4295 76bf 6a9e 495f 0363 6f2a 86ca c8ce  B.v.j.I_.co*....
0000120: ba75 a9d7 a166 b763 f927 db6c a4de 3780  .u...f.c.'.l..7.
0000130: 704a b395 0136 aa78 bc53 d860 d8a3 45c3  pJ...6.x.S.`..E.
0000140: 85a0 80a9 04c8 35f3 7717 daa0 7cce 4c73  ......5.w...|.Ls
0000150: 4c65 67fd 1509 b087 8188 5dc3 1b2b 09cf  Leg.......]..+..
0000160: 9126 81c0 61b8 e8a5 e0ab bbca 516b 1c2a  .&..a.......Qk.*
0000170: 720b 83a5 603d 4873 95b4 23e5 6106 72d9  r...`=Hs..#.a.r.
0000180: 4731 a468 f1b9 7adf 7771 2a52 4000 561b  G1.h..z.wq*R@.V.
0000190: b5af 0c4c 18a3 7570 8527 a721 751c d6b8  ...L..up.'.!u...
00001a0: cb0e 5e16 e0e1 58f6 3656 2dec 7384 d3c7  ..^...X.6V-.s...
00001b0: 9cd6 5d29 cb7a bf2a dae4 0553 d8d1 e0ff  ..]).z.*...S....
00001c0: a209 b527 ad57 0d36 5ab3 cc4d 2e69 2fda  ...'.W.6Z..M.i/.
00001d0: b76f 7996 4fc2 5b57 fa30 756d 1f94 2b1d  .oy.O.[W.0um..+.
00001e0: e6f9 fe9f aed7 2174 35f8 03f5 2b98 87b5  ......!t5...+...
00001f0: 0300 00                                  ...

base64: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I see what you did there... I was messing around with the same in Python, but it didn't work out for me.