 scholars . "   This volume went on to influence colour printing across China , where it paved the way for the later but better @-@ known Manual of the Mustard Seed Garden ( Jieziyuan Huazhuan 芥子園畫傳 ) , and also in Japan , where it was reprinted and foreshadowed the development in ukiyo @-@ e of the colour woodblock printing process known as nishiki @-@ e 錦絵 . The popularity of the Ten Bamboo Studio Manual was such that print runs continued to be produced all the way through to the late Qing dynasty .   Hu also produced the work Ten Bamboo Studio Letter Paper ( Shizhuzhai Jianpu , 十竹齋箋譜 ) , a collection of paper samples , which made use of the gonghua stamped embossing technique to make the illustrations stand out in relief . Whilst primarily a catalogue of decorative writing papers , it also contained paintings of rocks , people , ritual vessels and other subjects . The book was bound in the " wrapped back " ( baobei zhuang , 包背裝 ) style , in which the folio pages are folded , stacked , and sewn along the open edges . Originally published in 1644 , it was reissued in four volumes between 1934 and 1941 by Zheng Zhenduo and Lu Xun , and revised and republished again in 1952 .   = = = Other publications = = =   Other works produced by Hu 's studio included a reprint of Zhou Boqi 's manual of seal @-@ script calligraphy , The Six Styles of Calligraphy , Correct and Erroneous ( Liushu Zheng 'e , 六書正譌 ) and the related Necessary Investigations into Calligraphy ( Shufa Bi Ji , 書法必稽 ) , which discussed common errors in the formation of characters . With his brother Zhengxin , Hu edited a new introductory edition of the Confucian classics , entitled The Standardised Text of the Four Books , Identified and Corrected ( Sishu Dingben Bianzheng , 四書定本辨正 ) ( 1640 ) , giving the correct formation and pronunciation of the text . A similar approach was taken with the Essentials of the Thousand Character Classic in Six Scripts ( Qianwen Liushu Tongyao , 千文六書統要 ) ( 1663 ) , which Hu compiled with the aid of his calligraphy teacher , Li Deng . It was published after Li 's death , partly in homage to him .   The three Hu brothers worked together to collate a student primer on poetry by their contemporary Ye Tingxiu , which was called simply the Discussion of Poetry ( Shi Tan , 詩譚 ) ( 1635 ) . Other works on poetry from the studio included Helpful Principles to the Subtle Workings of Selected Tang Poems ( Leixuan Tang Shi Zhudao Weiji , 類選唐詩助道微機 ) , which was a compilation of several works on poetry and included colophons by Hu Zhengyan himself .   Among the studio 's more obscure publications was a text on Chinese dominoes entitled Paitong Fuyu ( 牌統浮玉 ) , written under a pseudonym but with a preface by Hu Zhengyan .   = = Gallery = =   Images from the ' ' Ten Bamboo Studio Manual of Painting and Calligraphy ' '   = Raid on Manila ( 1798 ) =   The Raid on Manila of January 1798 was a Royal Navy false flag military operation during the French Revolutionary Wars intended to scout the strength of the defences of Manila , capital of the Spanish Philippines , capture a Manila galleon and assess the condition of the Spanish Navy squadron maintained in the port . Spain had transformed from an ally of Great Britain in the War of the First Coalition into an enemy in 1796 . Thus the presence of a powerful Spanish squadron at Manila posed a threat to the China Fleet , an annual convoy of East Indiaman merchant ships from Macau in Qing Dynasty China to Britain , which was of vital economic importance to Britain . So severe was this threat that a major invasion of the Spanish Philippines had been planned from British India during 1797 , but had been called off following the Treaty of Campo Formio in Europe and the possibility of a major war in India between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Mysore .   To ensure the safety of the merchant ships gathering at Macau in the winter of 1797 – 98 , the British commander in the East Indies , Rear @-@ Admiral Peter Rainier , sent a convoy to China escorted
Ġscholars Ġ. Ġ" Ġ Ġ ĠThis Ġvolume Ġwent Ġon Ġto Ġinfluence Ġcolour Ġprinting Ġacross ĠChina Ġ, Ġwhere Ġit Ġpaved Ġthe Ġway Ġfor Ġthe Ġlater Ġbut Ġbetter Ġ@ - @ Ġknown ĠManual Ġof Ġthe ĠMust ard ĠSeed ĠGarden Ġ( ĠJ ie z iy uan ĠHu az h uan Ġè Ĭ ¥ åŃĲ åľ Ĵ çķ « åĤ ³ Ġ) Ġ, Ġand Ġalso Ġin ĠJapan Ġ, Ġwhere Ġit Ġwas Ġreprinted Ġand Ġfore shadow ed Ġthe Ġdevelopment Ġin Ġu ki yo Ġ@ - @ Ġe Ġof Ġthe Ġcolour Ġwood block Ġprinting Ġprocess Ġknown Ġas Ġn ish iki Ġ@ - @ Ġe Ġé Į ¦ ç µ µ Ġ. ĠThe Ġpopularity Ġof Ġthe ĠTen ĠB amboo ĠStudio ĠManual Ġwas Ġsuch Ġthat Ġprint Ġruns Ġcontinued Ġto Ġbe Ġproduced Ġall Ġthe Ġway Ġthrough Ġto Ġthe Ġlate ĠQing Ġdynasty Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠHu Ġalso Ġproduced Ġthe Ġwork ĠTen ĠB amboo ĠStudio ĠLetter ĠPaper Ġ( ĠSh iz h uz hai ĠJian pu Ġ, Ġå į ģ ç« ¹ é ½ ĭ ç ® ĭ è Ń ľ Ġ) Ġ, Ġa Ġcollection Ġof Ġpaper Ġsamples Ġ, Ġwhich Ġmade Ġuse Ġof Ġthe Ġg ongh ua Ġstamped Ġemb oss ing Ġtechnique Ġto Ġmake Ġthe Ġillustrations Ġstand Ġout Ġin Ġrelief Ġ. ĠWhilst Ġprimarily Ġa Ġcatalogue Ġof Ġdecorative Ġwriting Ġpapers Ġ, Ġit Ġalso Ġcontained Ġpaintings Ġof Ġrocks Ġ, Ġpeople Ġ, Ġritual Ġvessels Ġand Ġother Ġsubjects Ġ. ĠThe Ġbook Ġwas Ġbound Ġin Ġthe Ġ" Ġwrapped Ġback Ġ" Ġ( Ġba obe i Ġz hu ang Ġ, Ġå Į ħ èĥ Į è£ Ŀ Ġ) Ġstyle Ġ, Ġin Ġwhich Ġthe Ġfol io Ġpages Ġare Ġfolded Ġ, Ġstacked Ġ, Ġand Ġse wn Ġalong Ġthe Ġopen Ġedges Ġ. ĠOriginally Ġpublished Ġin Ġ16 44 Ġ, Ġit Ġwas Ġre issued Ġin Ġfour Ġvolumes Ġbetween Ġ1934 Ġand Ġ1941 Ġby ĠZheng ĠZ hend uo Ġand ĠLu ĠX un Ġ, Ġand Ġrevised Ġand Ġrep ublished Ġagain Ġin Ġ1952 Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= ĠOther Ġpublications Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠOther Ġworks Ġproduced Ġby ĠHu Ġ' s Ġstudio Ġincluded Ġa Ġreprint Ġof ĠZhou ĠBo qi Ġ' s Ġmanual Ġof Ġseal Ġ@ - @ Ġscript Ġcall igraph y Ġ, ĠThe ĠSix ĠStyles Ġof ĠCall igraph y Ġ, ĠCorrect Ġand ĠEr rone ous Ġ( ĠLi ush u ĠZheng Ġ' e Ġ, Ġå ħ Ń æ Ľ ¸ æŃ £ è Ń Į Ġ) Ġand Ġthe Ġrelated ĠNec ess ary ĠInvestigations Ġinto ĠCall igraph y Ġ( ĠSh uf a ĠBi ĠJi Ġ, Ġæ Ľ ¸ æ³ ķ å¿ ħ ç ¨ ½ Ġ) Ġ, Ġwhich Ġdiscussed Ġcommon Ġerrors Ġin Ġthe Ġformation Ġof Ġcharacters Ġ. ĠWith Ġhis Ġbrother ĠZheng x in Ġ, ĠHu Ġedited Ġa Ġnew Ġintroductory Ġedition Ġof Ġthe ĠConf uc ian Ġclassics Ġ, Ġentitled ĠThe ĠStandard ised ĠText Ġof Ġthe ĠFour ĠBooks Ġ, ĠIdentified Ġand ĠCorrect ed Ġ( ĠS ish u ĠDing ben ĠBian z heng Ġ, Ġå Ľ Ľ æ Ľ ¸ å® ļ æľ ¬ è ¾ ¨ æŃ £ Ġ) Ġ( Ġ16 40 Ġ) Ġ, Ġgiving Ġthe Ġcorrect Ġformation Ġand Ġpronunciation Ġof Ġthe Ġtext Ġ. ĠA Ġsimilar Ġapproach Ġwas Ġtaken Ġwith Ġthe ĠEss entials Ġof Ġthe ĠThousand ĠCharacter ĠClassic Ġin ĠSix ĠScript s Ġ( ĠQian wen ĠLi ush u ĠTong ya o Ġ, Ġå į ĥ æĸ ĩ åħ Ń æ Ľ ¸ ç µ ± è¦ ģ Ġ) Ġ( Ġ16 63 Ġ) Ġ, Ġwhich ĠHu Ġcompiled Ġwith Ġthe Ġaid Ġof Ġhis Ġcall igraph y Ġteacher Ġ, ĠLi ĠDeng Ġ. ĠIt Ġwas Ġpublished Ġafter ĠLi Ġ' s Ġdeath Ġ, Ġpartly Ġin Ġhomage Ġto Ġhim Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠThe Ġthree ĠHu Ġbrothers Ġworked Ġtogether Ġto Ġcoll ate Ġa Ġstudent Ġprimer Ġon Ġpoetry Ġby Ġtheir Ġcontemporary ĠYe ĠT ing x iu Ġ, Ġwhich Ġwas Ġcalled Ġsimply Ġthe ĠDiscussion Ġof ĠPo etry Ġ( ĠShi ĠTan Ġ, Ġè © © è Ń ļ Ġ) Ġ( Ġ16 35 Ġ) Ġ. ĠOther Ġworks Ġon Ġpoetry Ġfrom Ġthe Ġstudio Ġincluded ĠHelpful ĠPrinciples Ġto Ġthe ĠSubtle ĠWork ings Ġof ĠSelected ĠTang ĠPo ems Ġ( ĠLe ix uan ĠTang ĠShi ĠZh ud ao ĠWe iji Ġ, Ġé ¡ ŀ éģ ¸ å Ķ Ĳ è © © åĬ © éģ ĵ å¾ ® æ©Ł Ġ) Ġ, Ġwhich Ġwas Ġa Ġcompilation Ġof Ġseveral Ġworks Ġon Ġpoetry Ġand Ġincluded Ġcol oph ons Ġby ĠHu ĠZheng yan Ġhimself Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠAmong Ġthe Ġstudio Ġ' s Ġmore Ġobscure Ġpublications Ġwas Ġa Ġtext Ġon ĠChinese Ġdom ino es Ġentitled ĠP ait ong ĠF uy u Ġ( Ġç ī Į ç µ ± æµ ® ç İ ī Ġ) Ġ, Ġwritten Ġunder Ġa Ġpseudonym Ġbut Ġwith Ġa Ġpre face Ġby ĠHu ĠZheng yan Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= Ġ= ĠGallery Ġ= Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠImages Ġfrom Ġthe Ġ' Ġ' ĠTen ĠB amboo ĠStudio ĠManual Ġof ĠPainting Ġand ĠCall igraph y Ġ' Ġ' Ġ Ġ Ġ= ĠRaid Ġon ĠManila Ġ( Ġ17 98 Ġ) Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠThe ĠRaid Ġon ĠManila Ġof ĠJanuary Ġ17 98 Ġwas Ġa ĠRoyal ĠNavy Ġfalse Ġflag Ġmilitary Ġoperation Ġduring Ġthe ĠFrench ĠRevolutionary ĠWars Ġintended Ġto Ġscout Ġthe Ġstrength Ġof Ġthe Ġdefences Ġof ĠManila Ġ, Ġcapital Ġof Ġthe ĠSpanish ĠPhilippines Ġ, Ġcapture Ġa ĠManila Ġg alle on Ġand Ġassess Ġthe Ġcondition Ġof Ġthe ĠSpanish ĠNavy Ġsquadron Ġmaintained Ġin Ġthe Ġport Ġ. ĠSpain Ġhad Ġtransformed Ġfrom Ġan Ġally Ġof ĠGreat ĠBritain Ġin Ġthe ĠWar Ġof Ġthe ĠFirst ĠCoalition Ġinto Ġan Ġenemy Ġin Ġ17 96 Ġ. ĠThus Ġthe Ġpresence Ġof Ġa Ġpowerful ĠSpanish Ġsquadron Ġat ĠManila Ġposed Ġa Ġthreat Ġto Ġthe ĠChina ĠFleet Ġ, Ġan Ġannual Ġconvoy Ġof ĠEast ĠInd iam an Ġmerchant Ġships Ġfrom ĠMac au Ġin ĠQing ĠDynasty ĠChina Ġto ĠBritain Ġ, Ġwhich Ġwas Ġof Ġvital Ġeconomic Ġimportance Ġto ĠBritain Ġ. ĠSo Ġsevere Ġwas Ġthis Ġthreat Ġthat Ġa Ġmajor Ġinvasion Ġof Ġthe ĠSpanish ĠPhilippines Ġhad Ġbeen Ġplanned Ġfrom ĠBritish ĠIndia Ġduring Ġ17 97 Ġ, Ġbut Ġhad Ġbeen Ġcalled Ġoff Ġfollowing Ġthe ĠTreaty Ġof ĠCamp o ĠForm io Ġin ĠEurope Ġand Ġthe Ġpossibility Ġof Ġa Ġmajor Ġwar Ġin ĠIndia Ġbetween Ġthe ĠBritish ĠEast ĠIndia ĠCompany Ġand Ġthe ĠKingdom Ġof ĠM ys ore Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠTo Ġensure Ġthe Ġsafety Ġof Ġthe Ġmerchant Ġships Ġgathering Ġat ĠMac au Ġin Ġthe Ġwinter Ġof Ġ17 97 ĠâĢĵ Ġ98 Ġ, Ġthe ĠBritish Ġcommander Ġin Ġthe ĠEast ĠIndies Ġ, ĠRear Ġ@ - @ ĠAdmiral ĠPeter ĠRain ier Ġ, Ġsent Ġa Ġconvoy Ġto ĠChina Ġescorted