oultrie shortly after the battle to honor Colonel William Moultrie for his successful defense of the fort and the city of Charleston . Extensively modified in the years after the battle , it was supplanted by Fort Sumter as the principal defense of Charleston prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War . In 1876 , to celebrate the centennial , companies from Savannah , Augusta , Macon , Columbia , New York and Boston were invited to Charleston . The site was turned over to the National Park Service in 1960 , and is now part of Fort Sumter National Monument .   A small monument to the Battle of Sullivan 's Island has been placed at the northeastern tip of the island , overlooking the inlet where General Clinton 's soldiers had hoped to cross . The monument includes historical markers describing the events surrounding the engagement .   One iconic emblem of the battle was the flag designed by Colonel Moultrie . Commissioned by the colonial government , he designed a blue flag with a white crescent in the top left corner , which was flown at the fort during the battle . Despite being shot down during the siege , it was seen as a symbol of this successful defense ( and famously raised during victory ) . It came to be known as the Moultrie flag or Liberty Flag . When Charleston ( lost to the British in the 1780 siege ) was reclaimed by American forces at the end of the war , the flag was returned to the city by General Nathanael Greene .   = Hu Zhengyan =   Hu Zhengyan ( Chinese : 胡正言 ; c . 1584 – 1674 ) was a Chinese artist , printmaker and publisher . He worked in calligraphy , traditional Chinese painting , and seal @-@ carving , but was primarily a publisher , producing academic texts as well as records of his own work .   Hu lived in Nanjing during the transition from the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty . A Ming loyalist , he was offered a position at the rump court of the Hongguang Emperor , but declined the post , and never held anything more than minor political office . He did , however , design the Hongguang Emperor 's personal seal , and his loyalty to the dynasty was such that he largely retired from society after the emperor 's capture and death in 1645 . He owned and operated an academic publishing house called the Ten Bamboo Studio , in which he practised various multi @-@ colour printing and embossing techniques , and he employed several members of his family in this enterprise . Hu 's work at the Ten Bamboo Studio pioneered new techniques in colour printmaking , leading to delicate gradations of colour which were not previously achievable in this art form .   Hu is best known for his manual of painting entitled The Ten Bamboo Studio Manual of Painting and Calligraphy , an artist 's primer which remained in print for around 200 years . His studio also published seal catalogues , academic and medical texts , books on poetry , and decorative writing papers . Many of these were edited and prefaced by Hu and his brothers .   = = Biography = =   Hu was born in Xiuning County , Anhui Province in 1584 or early 1585 . Both his father and elder brother Zhengxin ( 正心 , art name Wusuo , 無所 ) were physicians , and after he turned 30 he travelled with them while they practised medicine in the areas around Lu 'an and Huoshan . It is commonly stated that Zhengyan himself was also a doctor , though the earliest sources attesting to this occur only in the second half of the 19th century .   By 1619 , Hu had moved to Nanjing where he lived with his wife Wu . Their home on Jilongshan ( 雞籠山 , now also known as Beiji Ge ) , a hill located just within the northern city wall , served as a meeting @-@ house for like @-@ minded artists . Hu named it the Ten Bamboo Studio ( Shizhuzhai , 十竹齋 ) , after the ten bamboo plants that grew in front of the property . It functioned as the headquarters for his printing business , where he employed ten artisans including his two brothers Zhengxin and Zhengxing ( 正行 , art name Zizhu , 子著 ) and his sons Qipu ( 其樸 ) and Qiyi ( 其毅 , courtesy name 致果 ) .   During Hu 's lifetime , the Ming dynasty , which had ruled China for over 250 years , was overthrown and replaced by China 's last imperial dynasty , the Qing . Following the fall of the capital Beijing in 1644 , remnants of the imperial family and a few ministers set up a Ming loyalist regime in Nanjing with Zhu Yousong on the throne as the Hongguang Emperor .
oult rie Ġshortly Ġafter Ġthe Ġbattle Ġto Ġhonor ĠColonel ĠWilliam ĠM oult rie Ġfor Ġhis Ġsuccessful Ġdefense Ġof Ġthe Ġfort Ġand Ġthe Ġcity Ġof ĠCharleston Ġ. ĠExt ensive ly Ġmodified Ġin Ġthe Ġyears Ġafter Ġthe Ġbattle Ġ, Ġit Ġwas Ġsuppl anted Ġby ĠFort ĠSum ter Ġas Ġthe Ġprincipal Ġdefense Ġof ĠCharleston Ġprior Ġto Ġthe Ġoutbreak Ġof Ġthe ĠAmerican ĠCivil ĠWar Ġ. ĠIn Ġ18 76 Ġ, Ġto Ġcelebrate Ġthe Ġcent ennial Ġ, Ġcompanies Ġfrom ĠSavannah Ġ, ĠAugusta Ġ, ĠMac on Ġ, ĠColumbia Ġ, ĠNew ĠYork Ġand ĠBoston Ġwere Ġinvited Ġto ĠCharleston Ġ. ĠThe Ġsite Ġwas Ġturned Ġover Ġto Ġthe ĠNational ĠPark ĠService Ġin Ġ1960 Ġ, Ġand Ġis Ġnow Ġpart Ġof ĠFort ĠSum ter ĠNational ĠMonument Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠA Ġsmall Ġmonument Ġto Ġthe ĠBattle Ġof ĠSullivan Ġ' s ĠIsland Ġhas Ġbeen Ġplaced Ġat Ġthe Ġnortheastern Ġtip Ġof Ġthe Ġisland Ġ, Ġoverlooking Ġthe Ġin let Ġwhere ĠGeneral ĠClinton Ġ' s Ġsoldiers Ġhad Ġhoped Ġto Ġcross Ġ. ĠThe Ġmonument Ġincludes Ġhistorical Ġmarkers Ġdescribing Ġthe Ġevents Ġsurrounding Ġthe Ġengagement Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠOne Ġiconic Ġemblem Ġof Ġthe Ġbattle Ġwas Ġthe Ġflag Ġdesigned Ġby ĠColonel ĠM oult rie Ġ. ĠCommission ed Ġby Ġthe Ġcolonial Ġgovernment Ġ, Ġhe Ġdesigned Ġa Ġblue Ġflag Ġwith Ġa Ġwhite Ġc rescent Ġin Ġthe Ġtop Ġleft Ġcorner Ġ, Ġwhich Ġwas Ġflown Ġat Ġthe Ġfort Ġduring Ġthe Ġbattle Ġ. ĠDespite Ġbeing Ġshot Ġdown Ġduring Ġthe Ġsiege Ġ, Ġit Ġwas Ġseen Ġas Ġa Ġsymbol Ġof Ġthis Ġsuccessful Ġdefense Ġ( Ġand Ġfamously Ġraised Ġduring Ġvictory Ġ) Ġ. ĠIt Ġcame Ġto Ġbe Ġknown Ġas Ġthe ĠM oult rie Ġflag Ġor ĠLiberty ĠFlag Ġ. ĠWhen ĠCharleston Ġ( Ġlost Ġto Ġthe ĠBritish Ġin Ġthe Ġ17 80 Ġsiege Ġ) Ġwas Ġreclaimed Ġby ĠAmerican Ġforces Ġat Ġthe Ġend Ġof Ġthe Ġwar Ġ, Ġthe Ġflag Ġwas Ġreturned Ġto Ġthe Ġcity Ġby ĠGeneral ĠNath ana el ĠGreene Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= ĠHu ĠZheng yan Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠHu ĠZheng yan Ġ( ĠChinese Ġ: Ġè ĥ ¡ æŃ £ è ¨ Ģ Ġ; Ġc Ġ. Ġ15 84 ĠâĢĵ Ġ16 74 Ġ) Ġwas Ġa ĠChinese Ġartist Ġ, Ġprint maker Ġand Ġpublisher Ġ. ĠHe Ġworked Ġin Ġcall igraph y Ġ, Ġtraditional ĠChinese Ġpainting Ġ, Ġand Ġseal Ġ@ - @ Ġcarving Ġ, Ġbut Ġwas Ġprimarily Ġa Ġpublisher Ġ, Ġproducing Ġacademic Ġtexts Ġas Ġwell Ġas Ġrecords Ġof Ġhis Ġown Ġwork Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠHu Ġlived Ġin ĠNan jing Ġduring Ġthe Ġtransition Ġfrom Ġthe ĠMing Ġdynasty Ġto Ġthe ĠQing Ġdynasty Ġ. ĠA ĠMing Ġloyal ist Ġ, Ġhe Ġwas Ġoffered Ġa Ġposition Ġat Ġthe Ġr ump Ġcourt Ġof Ġthe ĠHong gu ang ĠEmperor Ġ, Ġbut Ġdeclined Ġthe Ġpost Ġ, Ġand Ġnever Ġheld Ġanything Ġmore Ġthan Ġminor Ġpolitical Ġoffice Ġ. ĠHe Ġdid Ġ, Ġhowever Ġ, Ġdesign Ġthe ĠHong gu ang ĠEmperor Ġ' s Ġpersonal Ġseal Ġ, Ġand Ġhis Ġloyalty Ġto Ġthe Ġdynasty Ġwas Ġsuch Ġthat Ġhe Ġlargely Ġretired Ġfrom Ġsociety Ġafter Ġthe Ġemperor Ġ' s Ġcapture Ġand Ġdeath Ġin Ġ16 45 Ġ. ĠHe Ġowned Ġand Ġoperated Ġan Ġacademic Ġpublishing Ġhouse Ġcalled Ġthe ĠTen ĠB amboo ĠStudio Ġ, Ġin Ġwhich Ġhe Ġpract ised Ġvarious Ġmulti Ġ@ - @ Ġcolour Ġprinting Ġand Ġemb oss ing Ġtechniques Ġ, Ġand Ġhe Ġemployed Ġseveral Ġmembers Ġof Ġhis Ġfamily Ġin Ġthis Ġenterprise Ġ. ĠHu Ġ' s Ġwork Ġat Ġthe ĠTen ĠB amboo ĠStudio Ġpioneered Ġnew Ġtechniques Ġin Ġcolour Ġprint making Ġ, Ġleading Ġto Ġdelicate Ġgrad ations Ġof Ġcolour Ġwhich Ġwere Ġnot Ġpreviously Ġachievable Ġin Ġthis Ġart Ġform Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠHu Ġis Ġbest Ġknown Ġfor Ġhis Ġmanual Ġof Ġpainting Ġentitled ĠThe ĠTen ĠB amboo ĠStudio ĠManual Ġof ĠPainting Ġand ĠCall igraph y Ġ, Ġan Ġartist Ġ' s Ġprimer Ġwhich Ġremained Ġin Ġprint Ġfor Ġaround Ġ200 Ġyears Ġ. ĠHis Ġstudio Ġalso Ġpublished Ġseal Ġcatalog ues Ġ, Ġacademic Ġand Ġmedical Ġtexts Ġ, Ġbooks Ġon Ġpoetry Ġ, Ġand Ġdecorative Ġwriting Ġpapers Ġ. ĠMany Ġof Ġthese Ġwere Ġedited Ġand Ġpref aced Ġby ĠHu Ġand Ġhis Ġbrothers Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= Ġ= ĠBi ography Ġ= Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠHu Ġwas Ġborn Ġin ĠXi uning ĠCounty Ġ, ĠAn h ui ĠProvince Ġin Ġ15 84 Ġor Ġearly Ġ15 85 Ġ. ĠBoth Ġhis Ġfather Ġand Ġelder Ġbrother ĠZheng x in Ġ( Ġæ Ń £ å¿ ĥ Ġ, Ġart Ġname ĠW us uo Ġ, Ġç Ħ ¡ æī Ģ Ġ) Ġwere Ġphysicians Ġ, Ġand Ġafter Ġhe Ġturned Ġ30 Ġhe Ġtravelled Ġwith Ġthem Ġwhile Ġthey Ġpract ised Ġmedicine Ġin Ġthe Ġareas Ġaround ĠLu Ġ' an Ġand ĠHu osh an Ġ. ĠIt Ġis Ġcommonly Ġstated Ġthat ĠZheng yan Ġhimself Ġwas Ġalso Ġa Ġdoctor Ġ, Ġthough Ġthe Ġearliest Ġsources Ġatt esting Ġto Ġthis Ġoccur Ġonly Ġin Ġthe Ġsecond Ġhalf Ġof Ġthe Ġ19 th Ġcentury Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠBy Ġ16 19 Ġ, ĠHu Ġhad Ġmoved Ġto ĠNan jing Ġwhere Ġhe Ġlived Ġwith Ġhis Ġwife ĠWu Ġ. ĠTheir Ġhome Ġon ĠJ il ong sh an Ġ( Ġé Ľ ŀ ç ± ł å ± ± Ġ, Ġnow Ġalso Ġknown Ġas ĠBe iji ĠGe Ġ) Ġ, Ġa Ġhill Ġlocated Ġjust Ġwithin Ġthe Ġnorthern Ġcity Ġwall Ġ, Ġserved Ġas Ġa Ġmeeting Ġ@ - @ Ġhouse Ġfor Ġlike Ġ@ - @ Ġminded Ġartists Ġ. ĠHu Ġnamed Ġit Ġthe ĠTen ĠB amboo ĠStudio Ġ( ĠSh iz h uz hai Ġ, Ġå į ģ ç« ¹ é ½ ĭ Ġ) Ġ, Ġafter Ġthe Ġten Ġbamboo Ġplants Ġthat Ġgrew Ġin Ġfront Ġof Ġthe Ġproperty Ġ. ĠIt Ġfunction ed Ġas Ġthe Ġheadquarters Ġfor Ġhis Ġprinting Ġbusiness Ġ, Ġwhere Ġhe Ġemployed Ġten Ġart isans Ġincluding Ġhis Ġtwo Ġbrothers ĠZheng x in Ġand ĠZheng x ing Ġ( Ġæ Ń £ è¡ Į Ġ, Ġart Ġname ĠZ iz hu Ġ, Ġå Ń Ĳ è ĳ Ĺ Ġ) Ġand Ġhis Ġsons ĠQ ip u Ġ( Ġå ħ ¶æ ¨ ¸ Ġ) Ġand ĠQ iy i Ġ( Ġå ħ ¶æ ¯ ħ Ġ, Ġcourtesy Ġname Ġè ĩ ´ æ ŀ ľ Ġ) Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠDuring ĠHu Ġ' s Ġlifetime Ġ, Ġthe ĠMing Ġdynasty Ġ, Ġwhich Ġhad Ġruled ĠChina Ġfor Ġover Ġ250 Ġyears Ġ, Ġwas Ġoverth rown Ġand Ġreplaced Ġby ĠChina Ġ' s Ġlast Ġimperial Ġdynasty Ġ, Ġthe ĠQing Ġ. ĠFollowing Ġthe Ġfall Ġof Ġthe Ġcapital ĠBeijing Ġin Ġ16 44 Ġ, Ġremnants Ġof Ġthe Ġimperial Ġfamily Ġand Ġa Ġfew Ġministers Ġset Ġup Ġa ĠMing Ġloyal ist Ġregime Ġin ĠNan jing Ġwith ĠZhu ĠY ous ong Ġon Ġthe Ġthrone Ġas Ġthe ĠHong gu ang ĠEmperor Ġ.