 in its native music , which she introduced to North American audiences on her return . She retired from performing in 1937 , and opened a voice studio in New York , where she became a founding member of the American Guild of Musical Artists and served on its board of governors . Gauthier was praised for the many qualities her singing brought to music . The citation from the Campion Society of San Francisco , which she received in 1949 , said : " ... her rare open @-@ mindedness and unorthodox enthusiasm having been initially responsible for the recognition of many vital and important modern composers "   = = Singing career = =   Born in Ottawa , Ontario , Gauthier received musical lessons as a child , in harmony , voice , and piano . The custom of the time dictated that North American musicians travel to Europe for training if they desired a reputable professional career , and in July 1902 , at the age of seventeen , Gauthier set out for Europe , financed by her aunt and uncle , Lady Zoé Laurier and Sir Wilfrid Laurier .   = = = Training in Europe = = =   Gauthier travelled to France , where she received private voice lessons from Auguste @-@ Jean Dubulle of the Paris Conservatory . Nodules on her vocal cords were problematic , but they were removed surgically . She later began training under Jacques Bouhy , whom she would later credit for her vocal technique . In 1906 , Gauthier was retained by fellow Canadian singer Emma Albani to accompany her on a tour of England and her Canadian farewell tour . Albani provided a degree of mentorship to Gauthier during the 30 week tour of Canada .   Lord Strathcona awarded Gauthier a scholarship in 1906 that allowed her to return to Europe and continue her vocal studies . She returned there and continued both to study and give performances . Her first operatic performance came in 1909 in Pavia , Italy as Micaëla in Bizet 's Carmen . She landed a second operatic role as Mallika in Delibes ' Lakmé , which was being performed by the London Covent Garden opera company . The opera opened in June 1910 . Supposedly , Luisa Tetrazzini , the prima donna soprano of the company , feared that Gauthier 's voice would outshine her own , and demanded that Gauthier be removed from the opera . The company 's director acquiesced to Tetrazzini 's demands , informing Gauthier on opening night that she would not be performing . Gauthier reacted badly , and quit opera entirely .   = = = Move to Java = = =   Disappointed by her blocked entry into the operatic scene , Gauthier departed Europe and travelled to Java . There , she met a Dutch importer and plantation manager named Frans Knoote . Gauthier and Knoote married on May 22 , 1911 . Gauthier studied the music of Java , and began to include this in her repertoire . Her accompanying pianist was Paul Seelig , who had previously been the conductor for the Kraton of Surakarta , which afforded Gauthier a number of opportunities . On permission of the Javanese court , she studied the gamelan , probably being the first western woman with a classical music education to be afforded this opportunity . While living in Java , Gauthier travelled extensively , giving performances in China , Japan , Singapore , Malaya , Australia , and New Zealand . She remained in Java for four years , but with the outbreak of World War I she decided to travel back to North America , arriving in New York City in the fall of 1915 .   = = = Return to North America = = =   Arriving in New York , Gauthier struggled to find a niche in an already crowded music scene . She put on a performance in Vaudeville entitled Songmotion , which combined Javan music with dancers . New York was already home to many North American and European musical performers , so Gauthier focused on her Javan musical repertoire , which she combined with knowledge and skill in modernist western singing . Gauthier began giving annual recitals at Aeolian Hall , and in November 1917 her performance there caught the eye of many leading composers . She developed her own reputation quickly , known as a " ... sensitive purveyor of interesting , untried songs " . She gave renditions of three songs by Maurice Ravel . Her performance then also included American premieres of Stravinsky 's Three Japanese Lyrics and Griffes ' Five Poems of Ancient China and Japan . The performance was a great success , and she began to receive invitations to perform premieres of songs by contemporary composers . Stravinsky arranged to have Gauthier to premiere all of his vocal pieces .   Gauthier travelled to Paris in 1920 at the behest of the Music League of America . Sent there to arrange a tour of North America by Maurice Ravel , she struck
Ġin Ġits Ġnative Ġmusic Ġ, Ġwhich Ġshe Ġintroduced Ġto ĠNorth ĠAmerican Ġaudiences Ġon Ġher Ġreturn Ġ. ĠShe Ġretired Ġfrom Ġperforming Ġin Ġ1937 Ġ, Ġand Ġopened Ġa Ġvoice Ġstudio Ġin ĠNew ĠYork Ġ, Ġwhere Ġshe Ġbecame Ġa Ġfounding Ġmember Ġof Ġthe ĠAmerican ĠGuild Ġof ĠMusical ĠArtists Ġand Ġserved Ġon Ġits Ġboard Ġof Ġgovernors Ġ. ĠGa uth ier Ġwas Ġpraised Ġfor Ġthe Ġmany Ġqualities Ġher Ġsinging Ġbrought Ġto Ġmusic Ġ. ĠThe Ġcitation Ġfrom Ġthe ĠCamp ion ĠSociety Ġof ĠSan ĠFrancisco Ġ, Ġwhich Ġshe Ġreceived Ġin Ġ1949 Ġ, Ġsaid Ġ: Ġ" Ġ... Ġher Ġrare Ġopen Ġ@ - @ Ġminded ness Ġand Ġunorthodox Ġenthusiasm Ġhaving Ġbeen Ġinitially Ġresponsible Ġfor Ġthe Ġrecognition Ġof Ġmany Ġvital Ġand Ġimportant Ġmodern Ġcompos ers Ġ" Ġ Ġ Ġ= Ġ= ĠSing ing Ġcareer Ġ= Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠBorn Ġin ĠOttawa Ġ, ĠOntario Ġ, ĠGa uth ier Ġreceived Ġmusical Ġlessons Ġas Ġa Ġchild Ġ, Ġin Ġharmony Ġ, Ġvoice Ġ, Ġand Ġpiano Ġ. ĠThe Ġcustom Ġof Ġthe Ġtime Ġdictated Ġthat ĠNorth ĠAmerican Ġmusicians Ġtravel Ġto ĠEurope Ġfor Ġtraining Ġif Ġthey Ġdesired Ġa Ġreputable Ġprofessional Ġcareer Ġ, Ġand Ġin ĠJuly Ġ1902 Ġ, Ġat Ġthe Ġage Ġof Ġseventeen Ġ, ĠGa uth ier Ġset Ġout Ġfor ĠEurope Ġ, Ġfinanced Ġby Ġher Ġaunt Ġand Ġuncle Ġ, ĠLady ĠZo Ã© ĠLaur ier Ġand ĠSir ĠWil f rid ĠLaur ier Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= ĠTraining Ġin ĠEurope Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠGa uth ier Ġtravelled Ġto ĠFrance Ġ, Ġwhere Ġshe Ġreceived Ġprivate Ġvoice Ġlessons Ġfrom ĠAugust e Ġ@ - @ ĠJean ĠDub ul le Ġof Ġthe ĠParis ĠConserv atory Ġ. ĠN od ules Ġon Ġher Ġvocal Ġcords Ġwere Ġproblematic Ġ, Ġbut Ġthey Ġwere Ġremoved Ġsurg ically Ġ. ĠShe Ġlater Ġbegan Ġtraining Ġunder ĠJacques ĠBou hy Ġ, Ġwhom Ġshe Ġwould Ġlater Ġcredit Ġfor Ġher Ġvocal Ġtechnique Ġ. ĠIn Ġ1906 Ġ, ĠGa uth ier Ġwas Ġretained Ġby Ġfellow ĠCanadian Ġsinger ĠEmma ĠAlb ani Ġto Ġaccompany Ġher Ġon Ġa Ġtour Ġof ĠEngland Ġand Ġher ĠCanadian Ġfarewell Ġtour Ġ. ĠAlb ani Ġprovided Ġa Ġdegree Ġof Ġment orship Ġto ĠGa uth ier Ġduring Ġthe Ġ30 Ġweek Ġtour Ġof ĠCanada Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠLord ĠStr ath con a Ġawarded ĠGa uth ier Ġa Ġscholarship Ġin Ġ1906 Ġthat Ġallowed Ġher Ġto Ġreturn Ġto ĠEurope Ġand Ġcontinue Ġher Ġvocal Ġstudies Ġ. ĠShe Ġreturned Ġthere Ġand Ġcontinued Ġboth Ġto Ġstudy Ġand Ġgive Ġperformances Ġ. ĠHer Ġfirst Ġoper atic Ġperformance Ġcame Ġin Ġ1909 Ġin ĠPav ia Ġ, ĠItaly Ġas ĠM ica Ã« la Ġin ĠB iz et Ġ' s ĠCarmen Ġ. ĠShe Ġlanded Ġa Ġsecond Ġoper atic Ġrole Ġas ĠMall ika Ġin ĠDel ib es Ġ' ĠLak m Ã© Ġ, Ġwhich Ġwas Ġbeing Ġperformed Ġby Ġthe ĠLondon ĠCov ent ĠGarden Ġopera Ġcompany Ġ. ĠThe Ġopera Ġopened Ġin ĠJune Ġ1910 Ġ. ĠSupp osed ly Ġ, ĠLu isa ĠTet ra zz ini Ġ, Ġthe Ġprim a Ġdon na Ġs op rano Ġof Ġthe Ġcompany Ġ, Ġfeared Ġthat ĠGa uth ier Ġ' s Ġvoice Ġwould Ġout shine Ġher Ġown Ġ, Ġand Ġdemanded Ġthat ĠGa uth ier Ġbe Ġremoved Ġfrom Ġthe Ġopera Ġ. ĠThe Ġcompany Ġ' s Ġdirector Ġacquies ced Ġto ĠTet ra zz ini Ġ' s Ġdemands Ġ, Ġinforming ĠGa uth ier Ġon Ġopening Ġnight Ġthat Ġshe Ġwould Ġnot Ġbe Ġperforming Ġ. ĠGa uth ier Ġreacted Ġbadly Ġ, Ġand Ġquit Ġopera Ġentirely Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= ĠMove Ġto ĠJava Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠDis appointed Ġby Ġher Ġblocked Ġentry Ġinto Ġthe Ġoper atic Ġscene Ġ, ĠGa uth ier Ġdeparted ĠEurope Ġand Ġtravelled Ġto ĠJava Ġ. ĠThere Ġ, Ġshe Ġmet Ġa ĠDutch Ġimp orter Ġand Ġplantation Ġmanager Ġnamed ĠFr ans ĠKn oot e Ġ. ĠGa uth ier Ġand ĠKn oot e Ġmarried Ġon ĠMay Ġ22 Ġ, Ġ1911 Ġ. ĠGa uth ier Ġstudied Ġthe Ġmusic Ġof ĠJava Ġ, Ġand Ġbegan Ġto Ġinclude Ġthis Ġin Ġher Ġrepertoire Ġ. ĠHer Ġaccompanying Ġpian ist Ġwas ĠPaul ĠSe el ig Ġ, Ġwho Ġhad Ġpreviously Ġbeen Ġthe Ġconductor Ġfor Ġthe ĠK rat on Ġof ĠSur ak arta Ġ, Ġwhich Ġafforded ĠGa uth ier Ġa Ġnumber Ġof Ġopportunities Ġ. ĠOn Ġpermission Ġof Ġthe ĠJ avan ese Ġcourt Ġ, Ġshe Ġstudied Ġthe Ġgam el an Ġ, Ġprobably Ġbeing Ġthe Ġfirst Ġwestern Ġwoman Ġwith Ġa Ġclassical Ġmusic Ġeducation Ġto Ġbe Ġafforded Ġthis Ġopportunity Ġ. ĠWhile Ġliving Ġin ĠJava Ġ, ĠGa uth ier Ġtravelled Ġextensively Ġ, Ġgiving Ġperformances Ġin ĠChina Ġ, ĠJapan Ġ, ĠSingapore Ġ, ĠMal aya Ġ, ĠAustralia Ġ, Ġand ĠNew ĠZealand Ġ. ĠShe Ġremained Ġin ĠJava Ġfor Ġfour Ġyears Ġ, Ġbut Ġwith Ġthe Ġoutbreak Ġof ĠWorld ĠWar ĠI Ġshe Ġdecided Ġto Ġtravel Ġback Ġto ĠNorth ĠAmerica Ġ, Ġarriving Ġin ĠNew ĠYork ĠCity Ġin Ġthe Ġfall Ġof Ġ1915 Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= ĠReturn Ġto ĠNorth ĠAmerica Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠArri ving Ġin ĠNew ĠYork Ġ, ĠGa uth ier Ġstruggled Ġto Ġfind Ġa Ġniche Ġin Ġan Ġalready Ġcrowded Ġmusic Ġscene Ġ. ĠShe Ġput Ġon Ġa Ġperformance Ġin ĠV aud ev ille Ġentitled ĠSong motion Ġ, Ġwhich Ġcombined ĠJ avan Ġmusic Ġwith Ġdancers Ġ. ĠNew ĠYork Ġwas Ġalready Ġhome Ġto Ġmany ĠNorth ĠAmerican Ġand ĠEuropean Ġmusical Ġperformers Ġ, Ġso ĠGa uth ier Ġfocused Ġon Ġher ĠJ avan Ġmusical Ġrepertoire Ġ, Ġwhich Ġshe Ġcombined Ġwith Ġknowledge Ġand Ġskill Ġin Ġmodern ist Ġwestern Ġsinging Ġ. ĠGa uth ier Ġbegan Ġgiving Ġannual Ġrec itals Ġat ĠAe ol ian ĠHall Ġ, Ġand Ġin ĠNovember Ġ1917 Ġher Ġperformance Ġthere Ġcaught Ġthe Ġeye Ġof Ġmany Ġleading Ġcompos ers Ġ. ĠShe Ġdeveloped Ġher Ġown Ġreputation Ġquickly Ġ, Ġknown Ġas Ġa Ġ" Ġ... Ġsensitive Ġpur vey or Ġof Ġinteresting Ġ, Ġunt ried Ġsongs Ġ" Ġ. ĠShe Ġgave Ġrend itions Ġof Ġthree Ġsongs Ġby ĠMaurice ĠRa vel Ġ. ĠHer Ġperformance Ġthen Ġalso Ġincluded ĠAmerican Ġpremie res Ġof ĠSt rav insky Ġ' s ĠThree ĠJapanese ĠL yrics Ġand ĠGriff es Ġ' ĠFive ĠPo ems Ġof ĠAncient ĠChina Ġand ĠJapan Ġ. ĠThe Ġperformance Ġwas Ġa Ġgreat Ġsuccess Ġ, Ġand Ġshe Ġbegan Ġto Ġreceive Ġinvitations Ġto Ġperform Ġpremie res Ġof Ġsongs Ġby Ġcontemporary Ġcompos ers Ġ. ĠSt rav insky Ġarranged Ġto Ġhave ĠGa uth ier Ġto Ġpremiere Ġall Ġof Ġhis Ġvocal Ġpieces Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠGa uth ier Ġtravelled Ġto ĠParis Ġin Ġ1920 Ġat Ġthe Ġbehest Ġof Ġthe ĠMusic ĠLeague Ġof ĠAmerica Ġ. ĠSent Ġthere Ġto Ġarrange Ġa Ġtour Ġof ĠNorth ĠAmerica Ġby ĠMaurice ĠRa vel Ġ, Ġshe Ġstruck