 a chiral diosphenpol in 64 % yield and 95 % enantiomeric excess .   Tius has additionally developed a camphor @-@ based auxiliary for achiral allenes that was employed in the first asymmetric synthesis of roseophilin . The key step employs an unusual mixture of hexafluoro @-@ 2 @-@ propanol and trifluoroethanol as solvent .   The first chiral Lewis acid promoted asymmetric Nazarov cyclization was reported by Varinder Aggarwal and utilized copper ( II ) bisoxazoline ligand complexes with up to 98 % ee . The enantiomeric excess was unaffected by use of 50 mol % of the copper complex but the yield was significantly decreased .   = = Related Reactions = =   Extensions of the Nazarov cyclization are generally also subsumed under the same name . For example , an α @-@ β , γ @-@ δ unsaturated ketone can undergo a similar cationic conrotatory cyclization that is typically referred to as an iso @-@ Nazarov cyclization reaction . Other such extensions have been given similar names , including homo @-@ Nazarov cyclizations and vinylogous Nazarov cyclizations .   = = = Retro @-@ Nazarov reaction = = =   Because they overstabilize the pentadienyl cation , β @-@ electron donating substiuents often severely impede Nazarov cyclization . Building from this , several electrocyclic ring openings of β @-@ alkoxy cyclopentanes have been reported . These are typically referred to as retro @-@ Nazarov cyclization reactions .   = = = Imino @-@ Nazarov reaction = = =   Nitrogen analogues of the Nazarov cyclization reaction ( known as imino @-@ Nazarov cyclization reactions ) have few instances ; there is one example of a generalized imino @-@ Nazarov cyclization reported ( shown below ) , and several iso @-@ imino @-@ Nazarov reactions in the literature . Even these tend to suffer from poor stereoselectivity , poor yields , or narrow scope . The difficulty stems from the relative over @-@ stabilization of the pentadienyl cation by electron donation , impeding cyclization .   = Horrible Bosses =   Horrible Bosses is a 2011 American black comedy film directed by Seth Gordon , written by Michael Markowitz , John Francis Daley and Jonathan Goldstein , based on a story by Markowitz . It stars Jason Bateman , Charlie Day , Jason Sudeikis , Jennifer Aniston , Colin Farrell , Kevin Spacey , and Jamie Foxx . The plot follows three friends , played by Bateman , Day , and Sudeikis , who decide to murder their respective overbearing , abusive bosses , portrayed by Spacey , Aniston and Farrell .   Markowitz 's script was bought by New Line Cinema in 2005 and the film spent six years in various states of pre @-@ production , with a variety of actors attached to different roles . By 2010 , Goldstein and Daley had rewritten the script , and the film finally went into production .   The film premiered in Los Angeles on June 30 , 2011 , and received a wide release on July 8 , 2011 . The film exceeded financial expectations , accruing over $ 28 million in the first three days , making it the number two film in the United States during its opening weekend , and going on to become the highest @-@ grossing black comedy film of all time in unadjusted dollars , breaking the record previously set by The War of the Roses in 1990 . The film grossed over $ 209 million worldwide during its theatrical run .   The film opened to positive critical reception , with several critics praising the ensemble cast , with each lead being singled out for their performances across reviews . The plot received a more mixed response ; some reviewers felt that its dark , humorous premise was explored well , while others felt the jokes were racist , homophobic , and misogynistic . A sequel , Horrible Bosses 2 , was released on November 26 , 2014 .   = = Plot = =   Nick Hendricks ( Bateman ) and Dale Arbus ( Day ) are friends who despise their bosses . Nick works at a financial firm for the sadistic David Harken ( Spacey ) , who implies the possibility of a promotion for Nick for months , only to award it to himself . Dale is a dental assistant being sexually harassed by his boss , Dr. Julia Harris ( Aniston ) ; she threatens to tell his fiancee Stacy ( Lindsay Sloane ) that he had sex with her unless he actually has sex with her . Nick and Dale 's accountant friend Kurt Buckman ( Sudeikis ) enjoys working for Jack Pellitt ( Donald Sutherland ) at a chemical company , but after Jack unexpectedly dies of a heart attack , the company is taken over by Jack '
Ġa Ġch iral Ġdi osp hen pol Ġin Ġ64 Ġ% Ġyield Ġand Ġ95 Ġ% Ġen anti omer ic Ġexcess Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠT ius Ġhas Ġadditionally Ġdeveloped Ġa Ġcamp hor Ġ@ - @ Ġbased Ġauxiliary Ġfor Ġa ch iral Ġall enes Ġthat Ġwas Ġemployed Ġin Ġthe Ġfirst Ġasymm etric Ġsynthesis Ġof Ġrose oph il in Ġ. ĠThe Ġkey Ġstep Ġemploys Ġan Ġunusual Ġmixture Ġof Ġhex af lu oro Ġ@ - @ Ġ2 Ġ@ - @ Ġprop anol Ġand Ġtr if lu oro eth anol Ġas Ġsolvent Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠThe Ġfirst Ġch iral ĠLewis Ġacid Ġpromoted Ġasymm etric ĠNaz arov Ġcycl ization Ġwas Ġreported Ġby ĠVar inder ĠAgg ar wal Ġand Ġutilized Ġcopper Ġ( ĠII Ġ) Ġbis ox az oline Ġlig and Ġcomplexes Ġwith Ġup Ġto Ġ98 Ġ% Ġe e Ġ. ĠThe Ġen anti omer ic Ġexcess Ġwas Ġunaffected Ġby Ġuse Ġof Ġ50 Ġmol Ġ% Ġof Ġthe Ġcopper Ġcomplex Ġbut Ġthe Ġyield Ġwas Ġsignificantly Ġdecreased Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= Ġ= ĠRelated ĠRe actions Ġ= Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠExtensions Ġof Ġthe ĠNaz arov Ġcycl ization Ġare Ġgenerally Ġalso Ġsubs umed Ġunder Ġthe Ġsame Ġname Ġ. ĠFor Ġexample Ġ, Ġan ĠÎ± Ġ@ - @ ĠÎ² Ġ, ĠÎ ³ Ġ@ - @ ĠÎ ´ Ġuns aturated Ġket one Ġcan Ġundergo Ġa Ġsimilar Ġc ation ic Ġcon rot atory Ġcycl ization Ġthat Ġis Ġtypically Ġreferred Ġto Ġas Ġan Ġiso Ġ@ - @ ĠNaz arov Ġcycl ization Ġreaction Ġ. ĠOther Ġsuch Ġextensions Ġhave Ġbeen Ġgiven Ġsimilar Ġnames Ġ, Ġincluding Ġhom o Ġ@ - @ ĠNaz arov Ġcycl izations Ġand Ġvinyl og ous ĠNaz arov Ġcycl izations Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= ĠRetro Ġ@ - @ ĠNaz arov Ġreaction Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠBecause Ġthey Ġover st abil ize Ġthe Ġpent ad ien yl Ġc ation Ġ, ĠÎ² Ġ@ - @ Ġelectron Ġdonating Ġsubst iu ents Ġoften Ġseverely Ġimpede ĠNaz arov Ġcycl ization Ġ. ĠBuilding Ġfrom Ġthis Ġ, Ġseveral Ġelectro cycl ic Ġring Ġopenings Ġof ĠÎ² Ġ@ - @ Ġalk oxy Ġcycl op ent anes Ġhave Ġbeen Ġreported Ġ. ĠThese Ġare Ġtypically Ġreferred Ġto Ġas Ġretro Ġ@ - @ ĠNaz arov Ġcycl ization Ġreactions Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= ĠI min o Ġ@ - @ ĠNaz arov Ġreaction Ġ= Ġ= Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠNit rogen Ġanalog ues Ġof Ġthe ĠNaz arov Ġcycl ization Ġreaction Ġ( Ġknown Ġas Ġim ino Ġ@ - @ ĠNaz arov Ġcycl ization Ġreactions Ġ) Ġhave Ġfew Ġinstances Ġ; Ġthere Ġis Ġone Ġexample Ġof Ġa Ġgeneralized Ġim ino Ġ@ - @ ĠNaz arov Ġcycl ization Ġreported Ġ( Ġshown Ġbelow Ġ) Ġ, Ġand Ġseveral Ġiso Ġ@ - @ Ġim ino Ġ@ - @ ĠNaz arov Ġreactions Ġin Ġthe Ġliterature Ġ. ĠEven Ġthese Ġtend Ġto Ġsuffer Ġfrom Ġpoor Ġstere ose lect ivity Ġ, Ġpoor Ġyields Ġ, Ġor Ġnarrow Ġscope Ġ. ĠThe Ġdifficulty Ġstems Ġfrom Ġthe Ġrelative Ġover Ġ@ - @ Ġstabilization Ġof Ġthe Ġpent ad ien yl Ġc ation Ġby Ġelectron Ġdonation Ġ, Ġimp eding Ġcycl ization Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= ĠHor rible ĠBoss es Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠHor rible ĠBoss es Ġis Ġa Ġ2011 ĠAmerican Ġblack Ġcomedy Ġfilm Ġdirected Ġby ĠSeth ĠGordon Ġ, Ġwritten Ġby ĠMichael ĠMark owitz Ġ, ĠJohn ĠFrancis ĠD aley Ġand ĠJonathan ĠGoldstein Ġ, Ġbased Ġon Ġa Ġstory Ġby ĠMark owitz Ġ. ĠIt Ġstars ĠJason ĠBat eman Ġ, ĠCharlie ĠDay Ġ, ĠJason ĠS ude ik is Ġ, ĠJennifer ĠAn iston Ġ, ĠColin ĠFarrell Ġ, ĠKevin ĠSpace y Ġ, Ġand ĠJamie ĠFox x Ġ. ĠThe Ġplot Ġfollows Ġthree Ġfriends Ġ, Ġplayed Ġby ĠBat eman Ġ, ĠDay Ġ, Ġand ĠS ude ik is Ġ, Ġwho Ġdecide Ġto Ġmurder Ġtheir Ġrespective Ġover bearing Ġ, Ġabusive Ġbosses Ġ, Ġportrayed Ġby ĠSpace y Ġ, ĠAn iston Ġand ĠFarrell Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠMark owitz Ġ' s Ġscript Ġwas Ġbought Ġby ĠNew ĠLine ĠCinema Ġin Ġ2005 Ġand Ġthe Ġfilm Ġspent Ġsix Ġyears Ġin Ġvarious Ġstates Ġof Ġpre Ġ@ - @ Ġproduction Ġ, Ġwith Ġa Ġvariety Ġof Ġactors Ġattached Ġto Ġdifferent Ġroles Ġ. ĠBy Ġ2010 Ġ, ĠGoldstein Ġand ĠD aley Ġhad Ġrewritten Ġthe Ġscript Ġ, Ġand Ġthe Ġfilm Ġfinally Ġwent Ġinto Ġproduction Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠThe Ġfilm Ġpremiered Ġin ĠLos ĠAngeles Ġon ĠJune Ġ30 Ġ, Ġ2011 Ġ, Ġand Ġreceived Ġa Ġwide Ġrelease Ġon ĠJuly Ġ8 Ġ, Ġ2011 Ġ. ĠThe Ġfilm Ġexceeded Ġfinancial Ġexpectations Ġ, Ġacc ru ing Ġover Ġ$ Ġ28 Ġmillion Ġin Ġthe Ġfirst Ġthree Ġdays Ġ, Ġmaking Ġit Ġthe Ġnumber Ġtwo Ġfilm Ġin Ġthe ĠUnited ĠStates Ġduring Ġits Ġopening Ġweekend Ġ, Ġand Ġgoing Ġon Ġto Ġbecome Ġthe Ġhighest Ġ@ - @ Ġgross ing Ġblack Ġcomedy Ġfilm Ġof Ġall Ġtime Ġin Ġun adjusted Ġdollars Ġ, Ġbreaking Ġthe Ġrecord Ġpreviously Ġset Ġby ĠThe ĠWar Ġof Ġthe ĠRoses Ġin Ġ1990 Ġ. ĠThe Ġfilm Ġgross ed Ġover Ġ$ Ġ209 Ġmillion Ġworldwide Ġduring Ġits Ġtheatrical Ġrun Ġ. Ġ Ġ ĠThe Ġfilm Ġopened Ġto Ġpositive Ġcritical Ġreception Ġ, Ġwith Ġseveral Ġcritics Ġpraising Ġthe Ġensemble Ġcast Ġ, Ġwith Ġeach Ġlead Ġbeing Ġsingled Ġout Ġfor Ġtheir Ġperformances Ġacross Ġreviews Ġ. ĠThe Ġplot Ġreceived Ġa Ġmore Ġmixed Ġresponse Ġ; Ġsome Ġreviewers Ġfelt Ġthat Ġits Ġdark Ġ, Ġhumorous Ġpremise Ġwas Ġexplored Ġwell Ġ, Ġwhile Ġothers Ġfelt Ġthe Ġjokes Ġwere Ġracist Ġ, Ġhomophobic Ġ, Ġand Ġmisogyn istic Ġ. ĠA Ġsequel Ġ, ĠHor rible ĠBoss es Ġ2 Ġ, Ġwas Ġreleased Ġon ĠNovember Ġ26 Ġ, Ġ2014 Ġ. Ġ Ġ Ġ= Ġ= ĠPlot Ġ= Ġ= Ġ Ġ ĠNick ĠHendricks Ġ( ĠBat eman Ġ) Ġand ĠDale ĠAr bus Ġ( ĠDay Ġ) Ġare Ġfriends Ġwho Ġdespise Ġtheir Ġbosses Ġ. ĠNick Ġworks Ġat Ġa Ġfinancial Ġfirm Ġfor Ġthe Ġsad istic ĠDavid ĠH ark en Ġ( ĠSpace y Ġ) Ġ, Ġwho Ġimplies Ġthe Ġpossibility Ġof Ġa Ġpromotion Ġfor ĠNick Ġfor Ġmonths Ġ, Ġonly Ġto Ġaward Ġit Ġto Ġhimself Ġ. ĠDale Ġis Ġa Ġdental Ġassistant Ġbeing Ġsexually Ġharassed Ġby Ġhis Ġboss Ġ, ĠDr . ĠJulia ĠHarris Ġ( ĠAn iston Ġ) Ġ; Ġshe Ġthreatens Ġto Ġtell Ġhis Ġfiance e ĠStacy Ġ( ĠLindsay ĠSl o ane Ġ) Ġthat Ġhe Ġhad Ġsex Ġwith Ġher Ġunless Ġhe Ġactually Ġhas Ġsex Ġwith Ġher Ġ. ĠNick Ġand ĠDale Ġ' s Ġaccountant Ġfriend ĠKurt ĠBuck man Ġ( ĠS ude ik is Ġ) Ġenjoys Ġworking Ġfor ĠJack ĠPell itt Ġ( ĠDonald ĠSutherland Ġ) Ġat Ġa Ġchemical Ġcompany Ġ, Ġbut Ġafter ĠJack Ġunexpectedly Ġdies Ġof Ġa Ġheart Ġattack Ġ, Ġthe Ġcompany Ġis Ġtaken Ġover Ġby ĠJack Ġ'