DOI
string | abstract
string | title
string | author
list | URL
string | year
int64 | month
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10.1108/03068299410074836
|
<jats:p>Analyses and clarifies the concept of federalism outside such limited paradigmatic boundaries and includes the relevant social and economic variables. Applies a holistic and interdisciplinary methodology in the framework of the processes of general culture evolution to interrelate the social, the political and the economic. Compares the West European experiences and the US prototype, to that of the current movement towards an evolving Russian federation. Analyses the apparent positive and centripetal movement towards West European federalism, in the context of the European Union, juxtoposed to the centrifrugal forces evident in the collapse of the USSR. Analyses the current movement towards a Russian federation.</jats:p>
|
Russian Federalism: An American and West European Comparison
|
[
"Brinkman Richard L. ",
"Bovt Georgy "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299410074836
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299510078822
|
<jats:p>Explains the exogenous and endogenous types of relationships
between ethics and economics in neoclassical and non‐neoclassical
framework. Studies market consequentialism, deontological preferences
and polity‐market (ecology) interactions in recent developments in
economic theory and political philosophy. A review of literature is
covered. From these studies, bordering ethics and economics, is evolved
the contrasting methodology and world view of an endogenous theory
underlying the interface between ethics and economics. The underlying
principle of ethical endogeneity of this new paradigm is treated with an
institution‐economy interface by addressing the issue of sustainability.
A simple mathematical formulation is done to show how ethics can be
methodologically endogenized in a scientific framework for theory,
policy development and institutionalism. Examines Canada′s Green Plan in
light of the exogenous and endogenous ethical relationships. The
critique is developed and ethico‐economic policy‐theory alternatives are
proposed.</jats:p>
|
Ethics and economics
|
[
"Alam Choudhury Masudul "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299510078822
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299610121697
|
<jats:p>Clem Tisdell is one of Australia’s pre‐eminent economists who has made decisive contributions in several areas of economics, perhaps most notably development economics, environmental economics and natural resource economics. Tisdell is presently Professor of Economics at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and is also a long‐standing member of the editorial advisory board of the<jats:italic>International Journal of Social Economics</jats:italic>. This interview, which falls in the tradition of Klamer, was recorded in his Brisbane home in November 1995 and seeks to explore Tisdell’s extraordinary career, the development of his thinking about economics in general and his prodigious research output in particular. Tisdell answered the questions in his customary quietly‐spoken and good‐humoured manner.</jats:p>
|
An interview with Clem Tisdell
|
[
"Dollery Brian ",
"Wallis Joe "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299610121697
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299610121831
|
<jats:p>Throughout history, social philosophers have justified titles of possession by the right of occupation, labour, and social contract, while the economic justification rests on efficiency grounds. Subscribing to the extremely contestable argument that there is a connection between private property rights and the performance and prosperity of capitalism, de‐socialization of ownership was to become the backbone for market oriented reforms in post‐communist society. The absence of clearly defined property rights, their capricious enforcement, widespread cronyism and criminal activity, in combination with a lack of resolution to terminate the quasi‐property rights of the former ruling elite, and imperfect markets have created a situation where, in the final analysis, the original foundation of most rights to property and wealth would hardly survive the test of justice and be validated in any socially responsible society. Moral precepts aside, given these circumstances, it would be hard for an economist to argue that the present process of re‐allocation of rights could be explained on efficiency grounds.</jats:p>
|
The origins of private property and wealth in post‐communist society
|
[
"Riha Tomas J.F. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299610121831
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299610121886
|
<jats:p>Egoism as a moral philosophy of market economy in Adam Smith’s system is rational not ultra. It benefits not only other people but also the society led by an invisible hand. The Chinese traditional culture dominated by Confucianism, which denied gain‐seeking actuated by human selfish motives, as a whole, may be incompatible with the development of a market economy. Without rational egoism, the market economy would not exist. Meanwhile, ultra‐egoism which benefits oneself at the expense of others has also deformed the market economy. If it runs wild, the market economy would take the road to its doom.</jats:p>
|
Egoism: Adam Smith’s theory and Chinese traditional ideologies compared
|
[
"Yang Cao "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299610121886
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299610121912
|
<jats:p>Attempts to analyse some of the aspects of economic time as presented in biblical and apocryphal sources, and as debated in the Talmudic tomes. Also asks, what is time and what is its social significance? The notion of time and its proper utilization is a major topic of discussion and significance in Hebrew scriptures, Talmudic literature and in subsequent Jewish thought. Demonstrates the scriptural and Talmudic approach towards the time phenomenon and, in particular, the utilization of time as an economic vehicle with respect to “time preference” ‐ the placing of a higher value on present rather than future goods; “waiting time” ‐ the Talmudic theory of interest; “lost time” ‐ the Talmudic theory of foregone opportunities or opportunity lost, and the subtle distinction between “waiting time” and “lost time”, all theoretically insightful and economically significant.</jats:p>
|
The socio‐economic time dimension in Talmudic literature
|
[
"Ohrenstein Roman A. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299610121912
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299610122371
|
<jats:p>Analyses self‐interest and sympathy in game‐theoretic terms. Evaluates the relative weight of self‐interest and sympathy in the theories of Hobbes, Hume and Adam Smith in an economic framework. Demonstrates through game‐theoretic tools that sympathy as an actuating motive in human nature gives rise to human interaction having other and, for organizations and societies, more beneficial characteristics than does merely self‐interested interaction. Uses the emphasis on the time factor and the importance of the future in Hume’s more than in Hobbes’ theory to show how co‐operation can emerge in large organizations. Introduces government or an organizational structure to further induce co‐operative behaviour.</jats:p>
|
Self‐interest and sympathy in economic behaviour
|
[
"Hausken Kjell "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299610122371
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299610122425
|
<jats:p>Discusses how, from 1919 the ILO (International Labour Organization) has been meeting the call for labour market deregulation with the plea that “labour is not a commodity” and that treating it as such can only result in ‐ and exacerbate ‐ social injustice. On its re‐entry into the international community, South Africa has plunged head on into the global debate on the subject: should it “deregulate” its labour market in order to achieve “international competitiveness”? Would deregulation create employment? Argues against labour market deregulation in South Africa. Posits that new markets in which the country can be internationally competitive have yet to become apparent and that it would be inappropriate, in light of the country’s economic and human resource base, to cheapen labour in the search for that market. Concludes that such a move in South Africa would widen the incomes gap, subsidize labour inefficiency and undermine long‐term productivity gains. While the “low road” to international competitiveness might yield short‐term results, it is urged that the long‐term social costs would be too high. In sum, argues that labour market policy should place more attention on improvement of human resources and labour market institutions and on the broadening of domestic and regional markets.</jats:p>
|
Reflections on labour market deregulation in South Africa
|
[
"Tajgman David "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299610122425
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299610124298
|
<jats:p>Lays out a framework for analysing ethics in organizations. Relying on methodological individualism, introduces five building blocks for the framework: self‐interest, individual rationality, sequential rationality, incentive compatibility, and reputation. Uncritical use of the self‐interest model may induce framing effects, blinding less cautious users to important ethical dimensions. Illustrates the richness and “ethical flavour” of an appropriately considered self‐interest model through focusing one of the individual agent’s real interests in a broad sense, through the use of the time factor in the building blocks, and through suggesting how the individual agent can interpret the value systems in her surroundings.</jats:p>
|
Ethics and efficiency in organizations
|
[
"Hausken Kjell "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299610124298
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299610124333
|
<jats:p>The conventional economic analysis of welfare programmes is based on the work disincentive issue. This has become a leading justification for recent discussions of welfare reform in the USA that emphasize getting recipients off the rolls and back into productive employment. The presumption is that recipients are rational and selfish agents, and that welfare is sufficiently attractive as to provide substantial work disincentives. Questions that view. This questioning is motivated by the surprisingly high attachment of welfare recipients to the labour force, and is based on the development of a more general framework for viewing the motivations behind economic behaviour. By allowing for diversity of personality types, we are led to a less pessimistic scenario regarding the possibility of designing a system with adequate benefits and without inappropriately high work disincentives.</jats:p>
|
How large are welfare’s work disincentives?
|
[
"Caniglia Alan S. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299610124333
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299610149255
|
<jats:p>Considers a political economy dimension to government and governance in Northern Ireland. Political economy looks at the interrelationship between politics and economics in a more complex political system as with devolved government in Northern Ireland. Written prior to the elections of May 1996, offers a background to the intriguing task of how to unravel the circumstances under which the citizens of Northern Ireland will confer legitimacy, that is, the circumstances under which they as citizens and voters do things because they think them right, correct, justified or worthy. The possibility of a prolonged and protracted period of negotiations is now a reality. Like so many other troubled places on earth, Northern Ireland needs politicians with vision. Asks if the representatives of the paramilitaries, the parapoliticians, can deliver that vision.</jats:p>
|
Aspects of government and governance in Northern Ireland
|
[
"McNutt Patrick "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299610149255
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299610149543
|
<jats:p>Notes that in most of the republics of the former USSR transition to a market economy is accompanied by a rise in unemployment and stagnation in job creation, but the degree to which these occur differs among countries. In order to compare their labour market performance, subgroups republics by gross domestic product per capita level into high, intermediate and low. Uses two indicators to characterize performance: one is an index of unemployment, which is suggested here instead of official unemployment figures. The other index is of changes in employment. Based on these, and with some exceptions, shows that during the first years of transition, 1989‐1992, the poorer republics were better off than the others on both accounts. Out of the factors suggested as possible explanations to the better performance of group III countries, three seem important: the higher rate of substitution between private and public sector employment generated by the agricultural sector; a larger labour demand elasticity, and a more moderate rate of increase in labour supply, caused by very little reduction in state sector employment.</jats:p>
|
A comparison of labour market performance in central Asian and European republics of the former Soviet Union 1989‐1992
|
[
"Klinov Ruth "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299610149543
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299610149570
|
<jats:p>Examines the “roller coaster of reliance” of the US government sector on the voluntary sector from colonial times to the present. Emphasizes the question of how this roller coaster has been affected by the emergence of the globalizing economy, the neoliberal state and more specifically by the new directions taken on by the Clinton administration. Offers some policy recommendations for stabilizing this important relationship in order to meet the heightened challenges that are developing in the USA and abroad.</jats:p>
|
A roller coaster of reliance
|
[
"Marabella Santo D. ",
"West James P. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299610149570
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299710161205
|
<jats:p>Explores the nature and Confucian roots of selected conflicts identified by Chinese and Westerners when working together in China‐based business joint ventures. Highlights, in particular, that the passive and polite Chinese communication practices are in direct contrast to the Western tendency to be direct and articulate with co‐workers regarding business issues; the proactive, risk‐taking behaviour of the foreigners to identify and resolve problems early enters into conflict with the Chinese preference to maintain harmony and peace by avoiding initiative taking; and Chinese respect for authority and seniority conflicts with the Western preference for competency‐based business practices. Also assesses the different approaches to the treatment of information. Advocates that both Chinese and Westerners should work to understand one another’s behaviour from the other’s point of view, suggesting that a better understanding of the roots of these differences in behaviour can help to reduce avoidable conflicts in the operation of joint ventures.</jats:p>
|
Chinese and Western behavioural differences: understanding the gaps
|
[
"O’Keefe Hsu ",
"O’Keefe William M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710161205
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299710162204
|
<jats:p>Presents a normative model of responsible choice which is consistent with the main psychological theories of human choice behaviour. Identifies different aspects of complex economic choices, namely a deontological aspect, a goal achievement aspect, and a stakeholder aspect. Defines responsible choice as choosing the least worst alternative in the multidimensional space of deontological, instrumental, and external values. Demonstrates that the responsible choice model elaborated falls into the rational choice model under specific circumstances.</jats:p>
|
Moral responsibility and economic choice
|
[
"Zsolnai Lászlo "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710162204
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299710178793
|
<jats:p>Begins by considering whether the economic theory of the supply, nature and demand for biographies developed by James M. Buchanan and Robert Tollison might apply to this autobiography. Outlines Tisdell’s experiences in his pre‐school years (1939‐1945), at school (1946‐1956) and as a university student (1957‐1963). Covers the period of his first appointment as a temporary lecturer at the Australian National University (1964) and of his postdoctoral travelling scholarship (1965) which took him to Princeton and Stanford and the period of his employment from 1966 onwards. His family and its history are given particular attention.</jats:p>
|
An abbreviated autobiography: saint or devil? Or neither?
|
[
"Tisdell Clem "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710178793
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299710178801
|
<jats:p>In the past 15 years there have been major changes in the conduct of science and technology policy in advanced industrial countries. Recognizing that this is an area where Clem Tisdell has made notable contributions, reviews the recent developments around three themes: the nature of science and technology as distinctive bodies of knowledge arising in different institutional contexts; the market failure approach and its development into an evolutionary rationale for science and technology policy; and the UK Technology Foresight Programme as a specific example of the shift in the focus of science and technology policy.</jats:p>
|
Science policy and technology policy in a competitive economy
|
[
"Metcalfe J.S. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710178801
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299710178829
|
<jats:p>Economic thought has had considerable influence on ecology and environmental management. This has been by and large to the detriment of ecology for two reasons: first, much of the neo‐classical economics (the economics of resource allocation) is based on untested and highly improbable assumptions about behaviour in the real world. Efforts to validate this theory in ecological contexts have not been very successful and, further, have themselves been based on inadequate methods. Second, applications of economic theories of optimization to natural resource allocations have led to depletion rather than conservation of resources because they are based on unfounded assumptions about the natural world and the capability for self‐renewal of natural resource systems. Further, viewing nature as a “commodity” focuses on only one aspect of nature’s services and even here is inadequate, for it fails to account for renewal over long time horizons. Emerging conceptual frameworks based on ecological economics hold more promise in forging the much needed integration of economics and ecology. Their value may be realized if some of the “blinders” that govern economic thought can be shed in meeting the critical challenge of an ecologically sustainable and ethical future. </jats:p>
|
Economics and ecologically sustainable futures
|
[
"Rapport D.J. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710178829
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299710179035
|
<jats:p>Examines the Biblical positions concerning humankind’s relationship to nature. The Biblical ecological system is a hierarchical system with human beings at the pinnical of nature and the animal and vegetative worlds below to serve humans. The same hierarchical structure prevails in human relations. Reviews the all‐embracing principal “Do not wantonly destroy”, which encompasses both humans and animals. Provides a Biblical perspective on environmental regulations Suggests that environmental agencies should focus less on rules and much more on prudential judgement. Regulatory activities should then require a balancing of benefits and costs.</jats:p>
|
Managing God’s estate: current environmental policies and the Biblical tradition
|
[
"Szenberg Michael "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710179035
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299710179053
|
<jats:p>“Socially‐oriented” socioeconomic policies for the USA and Germany have both “meaning” and “validity” in that they would address themselves to socioeconomic concerns and could be implemented. Narrowly oriented socioeconomic policies are neither politically nor socially acceptable in the long run. In a mature socioeconomic system, such as the USA or Germany, the focal question centres not only on efficiency and productivity but also on human values, especially the rights for freedom, for a productive and creative life, and for a life in dignity. The basic question each country faces is what kind of socioeconomic policies it should actively pursue in order to strengthen the market system and to maximize social welfare as effectively as possible.</jats:p>
|
A perspective on US and German socioeconomic policies
|
[
"Karsten Siegfried G. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710179053
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299710184877
|
<jats:p>Economic discourse has two interesting properties. It tends to be all‐encompassing and it tends to shape the reality which it sets out to describe. Systems of economic theory can become very powerful and those based on ideas from Adam Smith and Karl Marx are good examples. Each of these has produced serious problems which are difficult to cope with because of their tendency to be rooted in a reality which they have helped to create. What is needed is a logic which is open to constant revisions and which ties closely to human experience and a notion of economics which makes this possible. Suggests a “logic of continuous discourse” and an information‐based economy aimed at maximizing the availability of a range of human experience and minimizing the expenditure of energy.</jats:p>
|
The logic of economic discourse: beyond Adam Smith and Karl Marx
|
[
"Armour Leslie "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710184877
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299710193624
|
<jats:p>Reports that there are lessons which can be learned from the Western ethical “green” finance industry for Islamic investors. States that these are that the criteria for investment selection are different, and the modes of permissible financing may also differ, but there are screening and reporting techniques which are of potential importance to both groups of investors. First addresses ethical fund management issues, which should shed some light on the dilemmas facing Islamic investors. Goes on to consider criteria for <jats:italic>haram </jats:italic>and <jats:italic>halal </jats:italic>investment, as well as the implications of company capital gearing or leverage for <jats:italic>riba. </jats:italic>Covers investment specific issues, including the treatment of capital gains in Islam and the evaluation of the conduct of market participants. Finally, surveys emerging markets in the Islamic world, as these are of obvious interest to Muslim investors wishing to broaden their portfolios.</jats:p>
|
Islamic finance and ethical investment
|
[
"Wilson Rodney "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710193624
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299710193877
|
<jats:p>Globalization has been accompanied by disintegration of local communities and loss of sense of community. These changes have entailed considerable socio‐economic cost. Kant’s moral imperative raises questions about communal values. Points out that due to dynamic changes, governance and institutions sometimes have to change if local communities are to survive. Unfortunately, co‐evolution often is so difficult or so slow that the sustainability of communities is endangered. Gives examples. There is significant conflict between Kantian social philosophy and that of the Libertarians and the Utilitarians. Explores aspects of this conflict.</jats:p>
|
Local communities, conservation and sustainability
|
[
"Tisdell Clem "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710193877
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299710193921
|
<jats:p>Carries out a statistical and economic analysis of socio‐economic survey results on the Mi’kmaq People of Cape Breton in the light of the criterion of the social wellbeing function. Focuses on studying the social wellbeing criterion with the socio‐economic variables involved in the surveys in a relational perspective among alternatives. Points out that this approach is distinct from the neoclassical resource substitution method. Instead, the relational perspective is shown to be premissed on a system of universal complementarities.</jats:p>
|
A policy‐theoretic analysis of sample survey of the Mi’kmaq People of Cape Breton in the light of the knowledge‐based world view
|
[
"Alam Choudhury Masudul ",
"Mohammad Noor Hanapi "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299710193921
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810193416
|
<jats:p>Although a very poor country, Nepal has established an extensive protected area system. Many visitors are attracted by some of these parks, helping to make tourism the top foreign exchange earner. Landmark events for wildlife conservation during recent Nepalese history are identified, especially the 1961‐90 rule of the monarchy and the present decentralized democratic system which succeeded it. Although many problems remain, Nepal has gone further than most countries towards reconciling: the needs and aspirations of local people with protected area management, and the economic opportunities offered by nature tourism with its ecological threats. Innovative projects have emphasized the socio‐economic aspects of conservation and legislation has recently been passed to formalize the status of park buffer zones. The future of Nepal’s protected areas may depend on how effectively these initiatives can be implemented and how effectively their lessons can be applied on a broader front.</jats:p>
|
Socio‐economic and political aspects of biodiversity conservation in Nepal
|
[
"Wells Michael P. ",
"Sharma Uday R. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810193416
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810193489
|
<jats:p>Bangladesh has experienced a rapid expansion of shrimp farming in the coastal regions in recent years. The increase in both area and production has been influenced by the financial profit motive of rural farmers coupled with high international demands for shrimps and ecological congeniality for shrimp aquaculture. In the past the traditional farming systems in the coastal belts of Bangladesh centred around rice crop. In contrast, the introduction of shrimp aquaculture on a larger/commercial scale has developed shrimp‐based farming systems. Shrimp farming itself is less labour‐intensive than rice cultivation, especially when extensive methods of shrimp culture are practised. Hence, it has reduced on‐farm employment opportunities for rural landless. Nevertheless, shrimp production requires a substantial volume of labour in off‐farm ancillary activities, namely shrimp fry collection, shrimp feed collection, and shrimp processing and packaging for export. Most of this off‐farm work is performed primarily by rural women. This process has engendered a major shift in rural employment and occupational structure in the shrimp belt. Shrimp production has enabled rural women to earn more cash income and to become more active income‐earning members in rural households. While they used to contribute to their share of agricultural work in the homestead before the shrimp cultivation was introduced, now they work mostly outside their homes. This has forced them to stay outside of their homes for longer hours, which limits their time for household duties, more specifically looking after children. All these factors together have implications for the socio‐economic changes in the rural society. The findings that emerge indicate that a range of factors including rural power structure, centre‐periphery issue, rural‐urban migration determine the pattern and extent of employment. It is unclear whether greater employment opportunities for rural women have empowered them or have helped extricate them from various forms of discrimination and exploitation.</jats:p>
|
Coming out of their homesteads?
|
[
"Akhter Hamid M. ",
"Alauddin Mohammad "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810193489
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810193515
|
<jats:p>Convict labor which the Sumitomo family rounded up in order to carry charcoal from the charcoal kiln to the smelting hearth on the steep mountain paths, began in 1881 at the Besshi copper mine. When one local newspaper scooped cruelties to miners at the Takashima coal mine in 1887, the Sumitomo family was socially criticized for using convict labor at the Besshi mine. The prefectural governor of Ehime asked Sumitomo to stop it in 1888, and then abolished it in March, 1889. Officially,we can understand the abolition of convict labor at the Besshi mine as a political process. However, it is assumed that without the technical advancement and the good condition of the economy in this period, the abolition of convict labor would not have been possible. The author suggests that it was the major reason why Sumitomo accepted the prefectural governor’s request to abolish it.</jats:p>
|
Convict labor at the Sumitomo Besshi copper mine in Japan
|
[
"Hatakeyama Hideki "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810193515
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810193650
|
<jats:p>Examines the importance of the role of economic incentives in privatization using data collected at the micro level from auctions of state‐owned apartments in Moscow. Describes the nature of the auctions, the data collected and the estimated hedonic price functions. Concludes that the auction prices are very well explained by economic factors, particularly after the price liberalization that happened in 1992.</jats:p>
|
Privatization in Russia: some micro‐evidence based on housing markets
|
[
"Maddala G.S. ",
"Toda Yasushi ",
"Nozdrina Nadezhda "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810193650
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810193696
|
<jats:p>The People’s Republic of China, as a progressively developing economy, is subject to dynamic structural changes, which are potentially de‐stabilizing in nature. Since the end of the 1970s China had abandoned Mao Zedong’s socioeconomic theories and policies and instituted profound socioeconomic reforms. Her more pragmatic approach has increasingly emphasized economic freedom and individualism. The pursued “pragmatism” involves a revolutionary mixture of both a planned and a market economy with greater economic but not political freedom. Essential socioeconomic reforms were not complemented by requisite political reforms. According to Walter Eucken’s “instability thesis,” this may de‐stabilize China’s socioeconomic and political structures. The challenge which China continues to face is how to reconcile two sets of conflicting principles, economic freedom and Marxist‐Leninist‐Maoist control of politics and society, resolving Eucken’s hypothesis of potential long‐term instability. This paper addresses this challenge in terms of ethical and economic perspectives.</jats:p>
|
Eucken’s instability thesis revisited ‐ the case of China
|
[
"Karsten Siegfried G. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810193696
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810193704
|
<jats:p>The effects of ageing on incomes, taxes, social protection and labour productivity will be important considerations in Singapore’s future economic policy, while posing strong challenges for the country, which has become more global in outlook. This paper briefly discusses some of these important issues concerning ageing in Singapore.</jats:p>
|
Ageing labour force in a labour shortage economy: the case of Singapore
|
[
"Kalirajan K.P. ",
"Shantakumar G. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810193704
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810212469
|
<jats:p>Amongst the major development problems facing many of the developing countries is the increasing levels of poverty and income inequality. Economic growth in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s was seen as a panacea for reducing poverty. While the key to development progress is still achieving economic growth, the means to do so is based on the ability of governments to move towards a free market type economy. The concern today is the impact of economic structural adjustment policies (SAPs) on the levels of poverty and inequality. In most cases the evidence on the impact of SAPs shows that despite sustained economic growth the poverty level has increased in many developing countries and Fiji is not an exception. The move towards free market reforms is being increasingly questioned as a policy measure and its ability to have positive impact on the reduction of poverty and income inequality. The criticism of the free market approach is its failure to take account of institutional, social and political factors which in many cases are the real causes of poverty and income inequality. The debate on the applicability of SAPs and the evidence of the impact of SAPs is reviewed in the case of developing countries. The level of poverty and income inequality in Fiji are discussed.</jats:p>
|
The woes of economic reform: poverty and income inequality in Fiji
|
[
"Prasad Biman C. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810212469
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810212711
|
<jats:p>The conclusion of this paper is that market prices fail to reflect the information required to provide meaningful accounting measurements that are used in real‐life decision making. This failure is due to the employment of an “ideal” economic world’s assumptions that do not, and cannot, fit the real world of business. The argument in the paper begins with a discussion of the ideal market as envisioned by the Chicago School and outlined in Tisdell (1995). From this ideal market characterization, it is argued that even Adam Smith recognized the existence of external effects resulting from certain social undertakings. In addition to externalities, two other market failures are discussed: the use of efficiency measures while ignoring effectiveness measures; and the emphasis on the short‐term time horizon at the expense of the longer term.</jats:p>
|
The accounting‐economics interface: where the market fails
|
[
"Gordon Irene M. ",
"Boland Lawrence A. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810212711
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810213990
|
<jats:p>J. Zijlstra was Dutch Minister of Economics (1952‐1958), Minister of Finance (1959‐1963, 1966‐1967), Prime Minister (1966‐1967), and President of the Central Bank of The Netherlands (1967‐1981). During his terms of office he followed a Keynesian policy that placed on the government the responsibility for sustaining full employment. His policy involved not only the finance of the public sector but also the maintenance of equilibrium between production and expenditure. To achieve this he introduced a standardization of budget policy ‐ structural finance. The essence of this budgetary policy, which the Dutch Government pursued from 1960 to 1978, was to manage the national expenditure in a designed manner. The article deals with this approach and suggests an explanation why it eventually failed to produce the expected results.</jats:p>
|
J. Zijlstra (b. 1918)
|
[
"Spithoven A.H.G.M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810213990
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810214025
|
<jats:p>Resource use policy based on standard (neoclassical) economic theory is driven by the assumption that “getting the prices right” is the key to sustainable resource use. Although most neo‐classical economists now agree that market prices may substantially undervalue biological features, the prevailing view is that “correct” market prices can be established through enlightened intervention in private markets. Using the examples of the Atlantic bluefin tuna, the American bison, and the passenger pigeon, we show that neither very high nor very low prices can ensure the survival of a particular species. With these cases as background, we compare and contrast three policy approaches to sustainability: weak sustainability, strong sustainability and Georgescu‐Roegen’s concept of a viable technology.</jats:p>
|
Markets and biodiversity loss: some case studies and policy considerations
|
[
"McDaniel Carl ",
"Gowdy John M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810214025
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810214106
|
<jats:p>The economic science is again in a crisis and a new solution prolegomena to any future study in economics, finance and other social sciences has just been published by the International Institute of Social Economics in care of the MCB University Press in England. The roots of the major financial and economic problems of our time lie in an open conflict between theory and practice. In the 1930s and before the conflict was between classical theory and given realities. In the 1990s the conflict appears between the now prevailing modern, Keynesian theory and the actual realities. In addition during the twentieth century a great argument developed between the two schools of thought, argument which is not yet settled. In one sentence, the prolegomena tried and was successful to solve the conflict between theory and practice and the big doctrinal dispute of the twentieth century. It was a struggle of research and observation over half a century between 1947 and 1997.</jats:p>
|
Prolegomena to any future study in economics and finance as a science
|
[
"Rugina Anghel N. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810214106
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810233268
|
<jats:p>In this essay, the author explores John Paul II’s thought on human work, and argues that, just as the Jesuit Henrich Pesch and members of his study group contributed directly to the preparation of Pius XI’s <jats:italic>Quadragesimo Anno </jats:italic>in 1931, Pietro Pavan helped advance John Paul II’s own thinking about man and work. Tondini draws our attention to <jats:italic>Dignitatis Humanae</jats:italic> from the Second Vatican Council wherein, he asserts, there is to be found a cultural harmony between Pavan and John Paul II.</jats:p>
|
Man and work according to the social doctrine of the Church, particularly in the thought of John Paul II
|
[
"Tondini Giovanni "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810233268
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810233411
|
<jats:p>Pope John Paul II has been a prolific writer on social economic issues. In particular, three encyclicals, <jats:italic>Laborem Exercens, Sollicitudo Rei Socialis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Centesimus Annus</jats:italic> directly address that topic. While John Paul, as leader of a global church, tends to address these issues from a global perspective, much of what he writes can be applied to the local, urban level of analysis. This essay applies many of John Paul’s premises to the urban poverty problem, including: the preferential option for the poor; the principle of the common use of goods; solidarity; and subsidiarity. It concludes that all of these principles can be used to analyze the problem of urban poverty, especially its spatial elements, and their application suggests a major re‐thinking of the relationship between suburbs and inner cities. </jats:p>
|
John Paul II’s vision of the social economy from an urban perspective
|
[
"Zech Charles E. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810233411
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299810233439
|
<jats:p>This essay develops four points. First, two basic reasons led to John Paul II’s advocacy of the market economy in <jats:italic>Centesimus Annus </jats:italic>‐ the creativity of labour, and the failures of socialism and excessive state intervention to ensure basic welfare, especially in underdeveloped countries. Second, the implications of this new‐found support for the market system, its institutions and their working require some clarification. Third, essential qualifications remain: private and social morality must guide economic freedom, just legal framework is required, and government surveillance must remain especially of distribution. Fourth, today’s market system, now operating globally, has given rise to new needs for ensuring adequate employment with security of tenure. Firms and public agencies should see themselves as “communities of persons” concerned with the welfare of their employees. Finally, this discussion of the market economy takes issue with those who confuse a morally directed version with one reflecting automatic forces, and with others who think a desirable economic system and policy and the premises of economic science cannot be influenced by Christian thought.</jats:p>
|
MARKET ECONOMY ‐ John Paul II’s passage to the market economy
|
[
"McKee Arnold "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810233439
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299910216158
|
<jats:p>The Neoclassical approach to analysing personal choice is compared with an approach contained in a Biblical Christian mode of analysis. This paper compares the Neoclassical and Christian positions via analysis of characteristics of the Neoclassical rational choice model. The main characteristic examined is a basic assumption of the rational choice model that human choice is explained as the optimisation of utility via rational self‐interest. The two positions are compared in terms of how they treat self‐interest and rationality, the degree to which basic assumptions about human behaviour are specified, the importance they attach to the realism of assumptions underlying their models, and the explanatory and predictive purposes for which the models are used. The conclusion of the comparison is that the Biblical Christian perspective encompasses the variables regarded as important in Neoclassical explanation, but presents them in the context of a more embracing worldview perspective than the Neoclassical. This Christian belief perspective is applicable to human behaviour in both “economic” and “non‐economic” domains.</jats:p>
|
A Christian perspective on Neoclassical rational choice theory
|
[
"Beed Clive ",
"Beed Cara "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910216158
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299910223457
|
<jats:p>This article explores the thought of St Augustine and its relevancy to acceptance or rejection of the social service state. It notes Augustine’s emphasis on the transitory nature of modernity and the primacy of the spiritual. It examines Augustine’s pessimistic scenario concerning the secular state and its accomplishments. It suggests that Augustinianism would be fare less receptive to the social state and its strengthening of secular power than the more optimistic and more “incarnational” Thomism.</jats:p>
|
Augustinianism and the social service state
|
[
"O’Neil Daniel J. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910223457
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299910227273
|
<jats:p>A welfare state can be interpreted as an institution that tries to materialize the idea of solidarity. To get a better understanding of the functioning of a welfare state and its competitiveness, this article discusses the concept of “solidarity” and its counterpart “rivalry”. In orthodox ethics solidarity is interpreted as a moral imperative; in orthodox economics eventual transfers are costs that must be justified by utilities derived from it (through the avoidance of social unrest for instance). By applying the usual investment formula to decide whether an investment would be profitable, this article shows that decisions about solidarity transfers are influenced by morality, mentality, rationality and the apparent belief systems of the decision takers. Because “modern” sociology does not pay adequate attention to the sources of human rivalry, the contributions of the linguist and anthropologist Girard are discussed to see whether this offers a valuable approach.</jats:p>
|
Capitalism, rivalry and solidarity
|
[
"Keizer P.K. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910227273
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299910229514
|
<jats:p>The paper considers the development of the unique fiscal relationship that exists between the government of Fiji and Emperor gold mines. Over a period of 40 years Emperor has not only paid negligible amounts of taxes and royalties it has frequently been directly subsidised by the state. In 1983 the government signed the Vatukoula tax agreement which effectively gave new mines a tax holiday for over 20 years. At the time of writing, Emperor regularly declares a dividend, is profitable in comparison to similar mines and pays no corporate taxes. The tax agreement stands as unique among developing countries in terms of allowing all potential rents from the mine to pass directly to the mine owners and almost nothing to the resource owner. </jats:p>
|
Mining taxation in Fiji
|
[
"Grynberg Roman ",
"Fulcher Peter ",
"Dryden Peter "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910229514
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299910229703
|
<jats:p>Rural urbanization in China has been discussed by many scholars since the 1980s. In this paper, Wuxi and Jiangyin, two counties in China’s most developed area of southern Jiangsu, were selected as target areas. Four characteristics of rural urbanization, namely, multilevel transfer of rural population into urban population; dispersed spatial pattern; urbanization lagging behind industrial development; and important role of towns in rural urbanization, were analyzed. Through an analysis of the socioeconomic development of Wuxi and Jiangyin, three trends in future development of rural urbanization can be predicted: rural population will continue to progress from lower to higher level and from incomplete to complete form; small towns will continue to develop rapidly and differentially; and rural migrants in regional cities will gradually increase.</jats:p>
|
Socioeconomic characteristics of rural urbanization in Southern Jiangsu, China
|
[
"Wang De "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910229703
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299910229820
|
<jats:p>High rates of youth unemployment, worldwide, have led governments to advocate a range of policies designed to increase job offers to young workers. For example, the Australian Government is currently introducing a system of “training wages” which will see effective youth wages set well below adult award wages for a designated training period. This policy is designed to simultaneously increase the human capital of young workers as well as help to overcome the initial barriers to entry into the labour market. However, youth‐specific wages have been criticized on the basis of age discrimination and on equity grounds. Also, some US data question the employment‐boosting potential of reduced minimum youth wages. In this paper recent international findings on the relationship between youth wages and employment are presented and compared with empirical tests of the relationship using labour market data for Australia as a whole as well as the State of Queensland. The results are used to examine the likely impact of the introduction of the training wage on the youth labour market in Australia and to provide further generalizations on the wider issue of employment and youth‐specific wages.</jats:p>
|
Minimum wages, training wages and youth employment
|
[
"Mangan John ",
"Johnston John "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910229820
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299910245741
|
<jats:p>Aboriginal people have property rights and interests in land and waters arising from traditional law and custom. Their traditional relationship to land is dual in character, having spiritual and material dimensions; i.e. they belong to the land and they own it too. The root of their traditional aboriginal title is found in the creative acts of the ancestral Stories in the Story‐Time and from the unbroken links of spirit which connect them and their deceased ancestors with specific land and sea country.</jats:p>
|
Aboriginal people, spirituality and the traditional ownership of land
|
[
"Rigsby Bruce "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910245741
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299910245804
|
<jats:p>The link between population proliferation and environmental degradation continues to be a critical issue in many developing countries. Such a link has dented the development process and produced unpleasant marks on the socio‐economic fabric of the society. These marks are quite distinct to rural and urban regions. Any efforts to rectify the situation first require regional‐wise identification of the problems and the causal socio‐economic factors. Based on this information a sustainable development approach can be formulated, with environmental concerns such as protection of natural resources from depletion and degradation and ensuring an adequate resources base to secure a decent standard of living. Further, implementation of this kind of integrated strategy needs commitment from institutions ranging from local to international level.</jats:p>
|
Population and rural‐urban environmental interactions in developing countries
|
[
"Jegasothy K. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910245804
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299910247163
|
<jats:p>The globalisation of the world economy has left governments less powerful and threatened cultures with homogenisation. The Huntington thesis – that the world is now divided into rival civilisations and that they are likely to be the source of the next round of world conflicts – may seem weak in the light of this. In fact many people fear that economic efficiency will produce a single culture and, because it will be dominated by hotly competing corporations with little restraint, will threaten civility itself. R.G. Collingwood even argued that economics as a practical science threatens civilisation by its very existence. This paper argues that, if one takes seriously Collingwood’s own distinction between wealth and riches, and if a co‐operative economy can be made to flourish, civilisation can readily survive. Wealth in these terms is a community resource which frees up human possibilities, riches are personal barricades and a source of power, and we can understand how to maximise wealth without creating unnecessary riches. In these terms the three main competing civilisations – that of the West, that of Islam, and the Chinese civilisation which is exemplified, for instance in Taiwan, may well survive and remain distinct. They represent basic human choices. For one can have societies in which the major focus is on individuals, societies in which it is on the community as a whole, and societies in which it is on families, social groups, churches and other institutions which comprise civil society.</jats:p>
|
Economics and civilisation
|
[
"Armour Leslie "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910247163
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299910248522
|
<jats:p>This paper examines the origins and the institutions, strategies, and policies of the shift to transition toward capitalism and democracy as the aspired system of political economy of Boris Yeltsin and his supporters in Russia in the early 1990s. The paper argues that this process of radical change is very “rocky”, and that its outcome is not yet clear. The shift from socialist democratization under Gorbachev to capitalist transformation under Yeltsin had multiple origins; but a core element in the process was the very likely abandonment of the ancien régime by party, state, and industrial élites themselves. Key factors in the transition in the early 1990s were: continuity amid change in political leadership and governance institutions; the absence of a developed political party system that could have united Yeltsin and the new Russian parliament; and the underlying socioeconomic conditions and attitudes of the Russian population.</jats:p>
|
Boris Yeltsin and Russia’s rocky road to capitalism: the early years
|
[
"Elliott John E. ",
"Hall Thomas "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910248522
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03068299910292541
|
<jats:p>Marx and Smith share the accusation of musing about future society, but of being much too vague about the form. At the same time, there is no glaring dearth of those who hailed the collapse of the Soviet economy as proof positive of the failure of Marxism, of Marx’s system. This boils down to the question of whether or not Marx in any way foresaw/espoused/advocated central planning as such; and, in particular, as it materialised in the USSR. There is a key passage – indeed, a mere phrase – in Das Kapital which is (or could be) seized upon to answer that question in the affirmative with conviction.</jats:p>
|
Beyond Adam Smith and Karl Marx: visions and versions of future society
|
[
"Nitsch Thomas O. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910292541
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074800210422322
|
<jats:p>The reviewer comments on the philosophical issues, lesson learned, the costs and quality considerations, in information and communications technology‐mediated learning discussed in these essays. Particular attention is given to the opportunities digitisation now presents to course designers in offering students choice in sequencing learning materials, the importance of objectives and the problems still presented by collaborative efforts.</jats:p>
|
Digital developments in higher education: theory and practice – a review
|
[
"Revill Don "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074800210422322
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074800210428560
|
<jats:p>The article takes its starting point in new trends and paradigm shifts in scholarly research methods and discusses how research libraries must act in relation to this. Various innovative initiatives at the Library of the Aarhus School of Business (LASB) are described, especially within the areas of electronic dissemination and presentation. A line of projects on development of a software for the sharing of knowledge are in focus, a “metro map” used for navigating the electronic information resources made available in the Learning Resource Centre, at the Aarhus School of Business (ASB). This software is the result of exchange of knowledge between professional departments at ASB and a software company. The LASB is positive towards and will continue working with this method. Finally, the investment in future library services is discussed and a tangible offer is put into perspective: electronic reference services.</jats:p>
|
Winds of change: research libraries
|
[
"Bang Tove ",
"Harbo Karen "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074800210428560
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809410145653
|
<jats:p>Academic libraries′ attempts to react positively to changes take many
forms. Libraries have been adept at investing in new technology in
attempts to cater for their users′ increasingly sophisticated
information needs. In some cases, as with electronic mail for example,
investment has been made without clear idea of applications or
consequences. Looks at the nature of electronic mail, how it differs
from other information technologies, and its role in bringing academic
libraries into much closer contact with curriculum delivery as opposed
to curriculum support. Describes some of the experiences of students and
staff at Preston College within this area. Concludes that despite
initial difficulties in managing this facility the investment has paid
back in many unanticipated ways.</jats:p>
|
Electronic Mail in Academic Libraries: Is It Worth the Investment?
|
[
"O′Donoghue Michael ",
"Dickey William "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809410145653
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809610148766
|
<jats:p>Announces and discusses two false beliefs about information science: that there is a distinct discipline of information science; and that librarians need to study it. Finds several definitions of information science to be defective in the sense of what a definition ought to be. Shows that information science is no more than a gathering of findings from communication, computer science and librarianship ‐ it is not interdisciplinary, since it uses only products of the other fields, not their principles and methods. Concludes that library study requires only a knowledge of computer products that will enhance library service, and that information subjects are a distraction from fundamentals.</jats:p>
|
Two false dogmas of information science
|
[
"Marco Guy A. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809610148766
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809810217947
|
<jats:p>This article offers alternative ways of looking at your work. It embraces the troubling reality that you are not in charge and helps you to see how you might be effective from where you sit. The article helps you look at what you have and what you want at work. It helps you identify the people that are important to you and bring yourself more fully to the work before you. The author believes that the “secret” of your success is in using work to pursue life goals, in finding life meaning through the work you do. Briefly said, leading at work is best done by conscientiously leading your life.</jats:p>
|
Leading at work
|
[
"Bellman Geoffrey M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809810217947
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809810228017
|
<jats:p>Considers some of the reasons why we can no longer assume a progressive‐linear transition from facts and information provided by “the library” or by the “information professional” to a clearly focused (in terms of information needs) user as the “default” user‐library encounter. Examines why librarians and information specialists can no longer maintain their traditional, relatively passive role, and should aspire to become active participators in knowledge seeking. Librarians and information professionals may be called to intervene and assist users in context of higher levels of information processing (knowledge, understanding, reflection, and application). The main, and perhaps the somewhat revolutionary, implication of this paper is that the centre of gravity in the information professional’s practice and training should move from data and information retrieval and mediation to nothing short of acting as knowledge seekers, editors, and interpreters. Web‐like syntopicons and digital knowledge maps are presented and discussed as two promising intellectual instruments that librarians can implement in their quest for knowledge generation.</jats:p>
|
The knowledge smiths: librarianship as craftship of knowledge
|
[
"Mizrachi Yonathan "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809810228017
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809810228053
|
<jats:p>Details the partnership between the County Reference Library in Buckinghamshire, UK, and Dun & Bradstreet. It enables the library to provide better information services to its much more sophisticated public. The library is also providing services to local businesses, which generate revenue to fund much‐needed resources such as new books, CD‐ROMs and memory upgrades for the library’s computers. Dun & Bradstreet gain feedback about their products direct from consumers, which means problems can be dealt with swiftly and efficiently.</jats:p>
|
Libraries find profitable partnerships in the commercial sector
|
[
"Manley S.D.J. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809810228053
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809810236775
|
<jats:p>Discusses recent developments in the Internet and World Wide Web, with details of current users and their use of the Web. Summarises the problems of searching the Web, giving general advice on the search process, with examples of the facilities available and use of the major search directories, guides and search engines.</jats:p>
|
Getting more from the Internet
|
[
"Rowland Glyn "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809810236775
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809810236784
|
<jats:p>Governments over the 1990s have been moving towards public accountability and accessibility of official information. Based on a seminar presentation and workshop at Liverpool John Moores University, examines the extent of the development of United Kingdom (UK) national and local government and European Union (EU) official information on the World Wide Web from the perspective of the ordinary citizen. Focuses on the access points of the award‐winning Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) Government Information Service and the Europa pages with particular focus on the UK parliament, HMSO and The Stationery Office, and the UK European Commission sites. Findings from a small‐scale study of four UK local government sites suggest that much more information needs to be mounted to meet expectations, whereas national and supranational government sites are quite advanced in the information provision.</jats:p>
|
Towards open government: official information on the Web
|
[
"Chandler Helen E. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809810236784
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809810236829
|
<jats:p>This paper is based on research carried out in Liverpool John Moores University, and investigates the capability of three library automated systems to generate datasets necessary to form the ISO 11620 draft standard on performance measurement in libraries. Gives background to the standard and details how the Talis, Dynix Classic and Innopac systems can generate the datasets. Concludes that the systems are weak in generating the necessary management data.</jats:p>
|
The ISO 11620 standard and library automated systems
|
[
"O’Farrell Jack "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809810236829
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809910248555
|
<jats:p>The article describes the intensive development of Slovene public libraries in the last eight years. Unlike in most of the other European countries where the automation process and development of information technology run gradually, Slovene public libraries made this step in a scant few years by joining the COBISS system. COBISS (Cooperative Online Bibliographic System) connects all types of Slovene libraries (national, university, special, school and public) via online cataloguing and uniform database access system, supports the automation of the local functions and enables access to various databases via Internet. The needs of customers and the possibilities given by a high level of technical base, including access to Internet, caused the development of many new public information services in public libraries.</jats:p>
|
Slovene public libraries
|
[
"Karun Breda "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809910248555
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809910263800
|
<jats:p>The evolution of information processing and deep integration of social structures and information systems are raising the significance of information and knowledge to a new higher level. The availability of information for everyone is the essence of the universal information service and the basic objective for the national information policy. An analysis of the market for information services shows that libraries remain the major information brokers and a significant guarantee for general availability of information. Tasks and usage of libraries are increasing, therefore the strategy of their development should be elaborated on a state scale. The Concept of Provision of Scientific and Technical Information for Latvia is based on integrated usage of printed and electronic information sources and services, wide application of virtual library strategy and the development of electronic information technologies.</jats:p>
|
Universal information service and increasing tasks of libraries
|
[
"Karnitis Edvins "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809910263800
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809910263828
|
<jats:p>Describes the continuing “cancellation crisis” in academic libraries in both the USA and the UK. Gives current prices of academic journals in the UK. Outlines methods used to measure the use of paper journals in libraries. Details a study revealing which of these methods are currently employed by the “new universities” in the UK. Stresses the need for accountability and the importance of use measurement to validate cancellation decisions.</jats:p>
|
Confronting crisis: the importance of measuring the use of paper journals in academic libraries
|
[
"Sweeney Linden Jane "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809910263828
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03074809910267482
|
<jats:p>The Swedish Dyslexia Campaign had over 70 collaborators. One important collaborator was The Swedish Library of Talking Books and Braille (TPB), which invested a great deal of effort and money in the campaign. In a short‐term evaluation, the result was not quite on a par with the effort but, on the other hand, changing an attitude is not done in a hurry. TPB works through the local libraries and schools, by supporting them with different information materials and interlibrary loans. Its task, to spread the information of talking books, could very well support the campaign task. Subsequently TPB did not have to start new activities. It did what it was already good at, but it did more of it and with a certain focus.</jats:p>
|
Changing an attitude is not done in a hurry
|
[
"Önnestam Mona "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809910267482
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090560010306214
|
<jats:p>Presents the findings of a study of the use of foreign languages by Irish exporting companies. Suggests that, although a substantial majority of respondents believe that foreign language skills are very important for export success, relatively very few of them actually use foreign languages to any great extent in their day‐to‐day exporting activities. Just over half of the firms contacted claim to communicate frequently in German or French, around 20 percent in Italian or Spanish; only 7 percent use Japanese and less than 3 percent use any other foreign language on a regular basis. The specific tasks conducted in a foreign language are relatively low level basic exchanges of information in telephone calls, fax messages or routine letters rather than activities requiring higher‐level language skills such as negotiating contracts or discussing technical specifications. The implications of the research are discussed in the wider context of export promotion and development in general, and some ideas for further research on this topic are suggested. </jats:p>
|
The use of foreign languages by Irish exporters
|
[
"Clarke W.M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560010306214
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090560010306296
|
<jats:p>Reviews a variety of academic and practitioner opinions on different types and definitions of lobbying and the purposes for which it is used, ranging from government relations to marketing communications. Distinguishes between what is termed loud lobbying, typically a highly visible media relations campaign providing an information subsidy to carefully targeted media, for marketing purposes; and quiet lobbying, discreet use of links with legislators, in order to encourage or block legislation. A model is given to aid clarification. The distinction is illustrated using examples of loud and quiet lobbying, including a case study of the campaigns for and against resale price maintenance (RPM). This shows Asda’s lobbying campaign to have been essentially a key element of the company’s marketing strategy. Concludes that the objectives of a lobbying campaign are crucial in determining whether loud or quiet lobbying would be more appropriate.</jats:p>
|
Shouts and whispers
|
[
"Harrison Shirley "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560010306296
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090560010311858
|
<jats:p>Firms with a strong service orientation – that is, those whose organizational policies, practices, and procedures support service excellence – often have a competitive edge in mature Western markets. In transitional economies, however – such as within the newly opened markets of Central and Eastern Europe – the impact of service orientation on current and future firm performance is largely unknown. Particularly, in areas where service quality has lagged, enhancing service orientation might catapult a firm’s competitive standing ahead of the pack. On the other hand, boosting service orientation in markets where demand continues to outpace supply may add unnecessary cost, and little visible short‐term gain. In this study, the SERV*OR scale, a measure of organizational service orientation, was administered to 105 employees from two Slovenian banks – a newly established private bank and a large, older, state‐supported bank. The private bank outperformed the state bank in service orientation and in financial performance, lending support to the idea that service orientation may enhance rather than detract from firm performance in transitional markets.</jats:p>
|
Service orientation in transitional markets: does it matter?
|
[
"Lynn Monty L. ",
"Lytle Richard S. ",
"Bobek Samo "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560010311858
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090560010311911
|
<jats:p>Considers the role of non‐verbal communication in consumers’ evaluation of service encounters. Non‐verbal communication has been extensively studied in the psychology and psychotherapy disciplines and has been shown to have a central effect on participants’ perceptions of an event. As services are essentially interpersonal interactions it follows that non‐verbal communication will play a major part in service evaluation. Uses an experimental methodology based on video scenarios to demonstrate the effect of this type of communication on consumers. The results indicate significant differences in respondents’ reactions to the scenario according to the non‐verbal behaviour of the service provider.</jats:p>
|
An empirical investigation of the impact of non‐verbal communication on service evaluation
|
[
"Gabbott Mark ",
"Hogg Gillian "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560010311911
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090560010331180
|
<jats:p>The nature of interpretive consumer research is examined within the context of the contribution to the growth of knowledge played by the proliferation of tenaciously‐held rival theories. Dennett’s intentional stance is contrasted with a contextual stance in which behaviour is controlled by a learning history composed of reinforcing and punishing consequences of similar behaviour previously enacted in similar circumstances. The benefits of this stance are the encouragement of counter hypotheses to intentionality, and the generation of novel data which would otherwise not be available.</jats:p>
|
The contextual stance in consumer research
|
[
"Foxall Gordon R. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560010331180
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090560010331432
|
<jats:p>Presents the findings of a survey carried out among the financial directors of leading retail companies in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and the UK. The purpose of the survey was to determine those factors that influence the development of financial services within retail organisations. Considers the introduction of financial services, within the context of retailers’ relationships with their customers, and retailers’ ability to build closer relationships with existing and potential customers. Financial service provision is, therefore, considered in the context of the relationship marketing paradigm. Considers the opportunities which financial services provide for retailers to move from a transactional to relationship approach to marketing.</jats:p>
|
Retail financial services: transaction to relationship marketing
|
[
"Alexander Nicholas ",
"Colgate Mark "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560010331432
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569010135602
|
<jats:p>Customer care panels are examined as an example of one of the ways
in which enterprises can seek to monitor the perception that consumers
have of the quality of service they receive. From an examination of
three paradigms which structure understanding of the choices open to
management in establishing current consumer concerns, the
“implementation” perspective is selected as being the most
pertinent for interpreting the actions of managers in setting up and
operating panels. Two examples are chosen for study of the use of panels
in the United Kingdom; they concern the railways and retailing. Some
conclusions are drawn from this experience of the problems that arise in
operating panels. The implications for consumers and managers of the
development of customer care panels are reviewed.</jats:p>
|
Customer Care: A ″Bottom‐up″ View of a ″Top‐down″ Policy
|
[
"Boggis Fred "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569010135602
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569010145430
|
<jats:p>The political consequences and effectiveness of the growth in
political consultancy in the USA are surveyed. The marketing of
electoral candidates creates moral ambiguities. A number of leading
consultants are interviewed; their styles, principles, attitudes,
values, political positions and methods are very varied.</jats:p>
|
High Priesthood, Low Priestcraft: The Role of Political
Consultants
|
[
"O′Shaughnessy N.J. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569010145430
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569110136510
|
<jats:p>A model of intrachannel co‐ordination strategies is presented.
These strategies are analysed and then classified along three
dimensions: locus of co‐ordination, degree of specificity, and
laterality of decision making. These dimensions are treated as
parameters to develop a 2 by 2 grid, articulated as four co‐ordination
mechanisms for managerial application.</jats:p>
|
Intrachannel Co‐ordination: Strategies and Mechanisms
|
[
"Izraeli Dove "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569110136510
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569110136547
|
<jats:p>The process of consumer goods planning and demand research in a
centralised socialist system, that of the German Democratic Republic
(GDR) is presented and analysed. The system′s degree of centralisation
and performance record; and its effectiveness in meeting consumer needs
are evaluated and suggestions for improvements are proposed. As recent
events in the GDR have indicated, the system, while adequate for meeting
“basic needs” is not as yet able to meet dynamically
evolving consumer needs and expectations. The latest available reform
proposals designed to overcome the system′s inadequacies, are provided.</jats:p>
|
Demand Research and the Planning of Consumer Goods Supplies
in a Centralised Socialist System – The Case of the Former German
Democratic Republic
|
[
"Naor Jacob ",
"Schmutzler Olaf "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569110136547
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569210016594
|
<jats:p>In today′s competitive travel industry, positioning the destination
more effectively in the traveller′s mind has become an increasingly
important strategic issue. The key to this is an understanding of the
traveller′s perceptions of destinations. This study focuses on
determining US pleasure travellers′ perceptions of selected European
destinations for touring and outdoor vacations. The study findings are
used to suggest various strategic directions for European travel and
tourism marketers.</jats:p>
|
US Pleasure Travellers′ Perceptions of Selected European
Destinations
|
[
"Javalgi Rajshekhar G. ",
"Thomas Edward G. ",
"Rao S.R. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569210016594
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569210022506
|
<jats:p>Not‐for‐profit organizations are faced with several problems in
providing services to consumers. In order to attract sufficient funds,
they must respond to consumer needs and competitive forces. This
requires identifying which aspects of service provision are valued most.
However, services are difficult to evaluate before purchase because of
their intangibility, heterogeneity and joint production with
consumption. Consequently, consumer attitudes towards actual service
provision, and its salience, are likely to change over time with
experience. This has implications for both service provision and the way
it is positioned, and requires that tracking techniques are periodically
used to monitor and control consumer satisfaction. A case study shows
how this can be achieved. The findings suggest that consumers may not
always be prepared to pay for what they want. By selectively increasing
the salience of specific aspects, student choice might be influenced;
and by interpreting dissonance effects, satisfaction regulated.</jats:p>
|
Elements of Not‐for‐Profit Services: A Case of University
Student Accommodation
|
[
"Davies Mark ",
"Preston Diane ",
"Wilson John "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569210022506
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569310040325
|
<jats:p>Examines the theoretical base of the neural network technique
showing, for example, that it is linked in formal and practical terms
with expert systems and that it uses a statistical approach. After
beginning with a discussion of models of information processing by
consumers, proceeds to outline the main features of the neural network
approach including the important question of practical implementation.
Then suggests a model to show how the neural network approach can be
employed to shed light on the way in which consumers respond to stimuli
contained in advertising messages, with particular emphasis on the
stimuli which are implicit or embedded in these messages rather than
being overtly measurable. Subjects the model and the neural network
approach to critical evaluation, and suggests guidelines for further
implementation.</jats:p>
|
Neural Networks in Marketing: Modelling Consumer Responses
to Advertising Stimuli
|
[
"Curry Bruce ",
"Moutinho Luiz "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569310040325
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569410062032
|
<jats:p>Discusses the applications and limitations of current geodemographic
classifications for the identification, segmentation and targeting of
consumer markets. Then discusses future developments and opportunities
drawing on the results of a Delphi Study conducted with market analysis
industry experts. Issues discussed include factors inhibiting market
development, market potential, 1991 census, computer developments,
non‐census data‐bases, bespoke classifications, education and
Europeanization.</jats:p>
|
The Role of Geodemographics in Segmenting and Targeting Consumer
Markets
|
[
"Mitchell V.‐W. ",
"McGoldrick Peter J. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569410062032
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569410074255
|
<jats:p>Generally it is assumed that quality improvements are important tools
for companies to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. The result of
product quality improvements depends, for example on the reaction of
competitors. If competitors react intensively and quickly, the outcome
of a product quality improvement might be different from what was
expected. From an empirical study in The Netherlands, concludes that, in
general, the typical reaction of competitors is quite a fast reaction
with only one marketing mix instrument. The intensity of the competitive
reaction appears to be lower in mature and declining markets than it is
in growing markets, and improvements in reliability and service quality
aspects appear to be important weapons in quality competition. Service
quality improvements are difficult to imitate swiftly. Moreover, they
lead to higher market shares for the initiating company. Quality
competition based on other quality aspects, like conformance to
standards and performance, does not result in a real competitive
advantage. For these quality improvements, following a
“traditional” competitive pattern of action and, more‐or‐less the same
reaction, are quite easy to imitate. They are also needed just to keep
up with the leading competitors in the industry. However, they do not
lead to long‐term sustainable advantages.</jats:p>
|
Competitive Reactions to Product Quality Improvements in Industrial
Markets
|
[
"Lemmink Jos ",
"Kasper Hans "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569410074255
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569510098483
|
<jats:p>Despite the large number of new product models and methods
available to improve the success rate of new products, empirical
evidence proves that only a few companies actually use them. This seems
rather strange because today the pressure on companies to improve their
new product development is high. A bottle‐neck may be the extent to
which companies are aware of these models and methods. Companies may
also have abandoned their use already. To investigate this, gathers
empirical data from 75 industrial companies in The Netherlands. Results
show that many companies are actually aware of these models and methods.
However, they often do not know them by name. The average penetration
level is about 30 per cent and the models and methods are used in an
unfocused and less formal manner. The level of satisfaction with the
performance of most models and methods is high. Furthermore, a positive
relationship between the degree of use of models/methods and company′s
gross profits exists.</jats:p>
|
Awareness, use and effectiveness of models and methods for new
product development
|
[
"Nijssen Ed J. ",
"Lieshout Karin F.M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569510098483
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569510100687
|
<jats:p>Market demarcation is based on the idea that a sales market is not
an undifferentiated set of products, but that it rather embodies an
entity made up of separate groups of products which differ with regard
to certain demand‐relevant characteristics. The term market demarcation
is defined first as a market structure explained by drawing boundaries.
Carrying on from this idea, describes a procedure for demarcating
markets. The procedure comprises three steps: the first aim is to define
the products which make up the overall market that has to be structured.
The second task is to determine the centre on the basis of which the
overall market can be divided up into different submarkets. Finally,
these submarkets must be identified using statistical methods.</jats:p>
|
Market demarcation
|
[
"Bauer Hans H. ",
"Herrmann Andreas "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569510100687
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569510100696
|
<jats:p>Examines the roles of men and women depicted in magazine
advertising in The Netherlands, Sweden and the USA and attempts to
discern any implication for advertisers crossing these cultural
boundaries. Explores the relationship between role models depicted and
Hofstede′s Masculinity index. Most of the roles shown for men and women
are non‐working roles in all three countries. Within the non‐working
roles, US and Dutch magazine advertisers are more likely to portray men
and women in decorative roles than Swedish advertisers, who are more
likely to portray men and women in recreational and family roles. This
suggests that Swedish magazine advertisers feel more comfortable showing
men and women, but especially women, in more of a variety of non‐working
roles than do their Dutch and US counterparts.</jats:p>
|
A comparison of gender role portrayals in magazine advertising
|
[
"Wiles Judith A. ",
"Wiles Charles R. ",
"Tjernlund Anders "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569510100696
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569610121656
|
<jats:p>Drawing attention to certain important gaps in the exporting literature, develops and evaluates a model of export performance using a sample of regular exporters from a small European Union country, in their trading activities with overseas distributors. Integrates and views specific firm characteristics, export commitment and export‐related perception variables as potentially important factors in explaining firm performance in the export market context. Tests the model in a three‐step procedure employing multiple regression analysis and identifies several elements that are related directly to export performance. Discusses the implications of the study for both business practitioners and public policy makers and highlights future research directions.</jats:p>
|
Determinants of export performance in a European context
|
[
"Katsikeas Constantine S. ",
"Piercy Nigel F. ",
"Ioannidis Chris "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569610121656
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569710179940
|
<jats:p>States that numerous commentators have contended that we live in degenerate, degraded, decadent and soon‐to‐be discontinued times. Arguably a manifestation of “pre‐millennial tension”, this eschatological world‐view seems to be shared by many marketing theorists, for whom the end of marketing is nigh. Describes the background to the Marketing Eschatology Retreat and outlines six different ways in which marketing and eschatology can be related.</jats:p>
|
Six sixty‐six and all that (or, what the hell is marketing eschatology?)
|
[
"Brown Stephen "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569710179940
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569710190569
|
<jats:p>Uses symbolic interaction concepts to explain norm‐regulated behaviour in industrial marketing relationships. Lends support to the notion that partners’ subjective interpretations of their relationship must be congruent for relational norms and, hence, collaboration to emerge. By examining 46 of a manufacturer’s established trading relationships, investigates which factors distinguish relationships that are collaborative from other forms of trading relationships. Suggests that when partners exhibit a consensus to collaboration, they share strategic complementarity and the investments made by one side are valued by the other. Interestingly, each also believes the other faces high exit costs even though both sides maintain access to alternative partners. In addition to a discriminant analysis depicting different forms of trading relationships, develops a <jats:italic>post hoc</jats:italic> analysis of the profile of collaborative trading partners. Discusses the managerial and academic implications.</jats:p>
|
Consensus and collaboration: norm‐regulated behaviour in industrial marketing relationships
|
[
"Spekman Robert E. ",
"Salmond Deborah J. ",
"Lambe C. Jay "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569710190569
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090569810224074
|
<jats:p>Explores the question of whether the traditional practice of bundling advertisements with content will prevail or become less common on the Internet. Given that revenue from advertisers is desirable to content providers, the answer mainly depends on whether advertisers will choose to deliver their advertisements by bundling. The decision to bundle in turn depends on the response of customers to bundling and to other advertising strategies. In particular, the relationship between advertising and content provision on the Internet may be affected by this medium’s distinctive characteristics, which affect the choices of advertisers and the response of customers. Thus, one needs to investigate the choices of advertisers, the behavior of customers, and their dependence on the distinctive technological features of the Internet.</jats:p>
|
The relationship between advertising and content provision on the Internet
|
[
"Yuan Yuehong ",
"Caulkins Jonathan P. ",
"Roehrig Stephen "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569810224074
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03090590210415867
|
<jats:p>There is increased interest in online MBA programs across the globe. This paper attempts to review and assess online MBA programs and what lessons other universities and students can learn from them. It attempts to compare between the online and the traditional MBA. In addition, a thorough evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the online MBA is made. The evaluation considers point of views from universities, professors, and students that combined together will assess the future and growth of “global MBAs”.</jats:p>
|
The global MBA: a comparative assessment for its future
|
[
"Kathawala Yunus ",
"Abdou Khaled ",
"Elmuti Dean S. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590210415867
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03321640210410805
|
<jats:p>The large signal modulation response of a 1.3 μm InGaAsP 4‐well laser of the Fabry–Perot type is investigated. The current density is assumed to take the form<jats:italic>J</jats:italic>=<jats:italic>J</jats:italic><jats:sub>O</jats:sub>+<jats:italic>J</jats:italic><jats:sub>M</jats:sub>sin(<jats:italic>ω</jats:italic>t) where<jats:italic>J</jats:italic><jats:sub>O</jats:sub>is the steady state current density above threshold and<jats:italic>J</jats:italic><jats:sub>M</jats:sub>is allowed to take values such that the modulation depth,<jats:italic>m</jats:italic>, may not satisfy the condition<jats:italic>m</jats:italic><< 1. The time evolution of the photon density shows that the output power may be sinusoidal when<jats:italic>m</jats:italic><< 1, i.e. small signal modulation, low and very high frequencies. At intermediate frequencies, in the gigahertz range, the output power is far from sinusoidal and may show the characteristic oscillations due to the large‐signal transients. The resonance frequency is seen to decrease as the modulation depth increases, the worst case being when the nonlinear saturation effects are not included.</jats:p>
|
Large‐signal modulation of MQW long‐wavelength lasers
|
[
"Manuel Torres Pereira Jorge "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03321640210410805
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03321640210416359
|
<jats:p>A series‐LCR circuit is one of the simplest circuits capable of exhibiting ferroresonance. A numerical simulation of such a circuit is constructed using the Preisach model of hysteresis to accurately represent the non‐linear magnetic response of the inductor. Numerical data obtained from this simulation shows good agreement when compared to data from a laboratory‐built experimental circuit. A bifurcation diagram is constructed to illustrate the coexistence of multiple solutions and the existence of period doubling.</jats:p>
|
Ferroresonance in electrical systems
|
[
"MacPhee A.G. ",
"McKee S. ",
"Simpson R.R.S. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03321640210416359
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03321640210416403
|
<jats:p>The present paper will discuss newly developed fully digital sensorless induction motor and permanent magnet motor synchronous motor drives, which employ natural field orientation (NFO). So far only vector‐type of NFO induction motor drives have been discussed in the literature, and very limited experimental results have been shown. In addition, the paper will also discuss new sensorless DTC‐type of NFO induction motor drives (NFO‐DTC drives). Using fully digital implementations of the new NFO‐type induction motor and permanent magnet drives, experimental results will be shown for various operating conditions, including slow and fast reversals at very low speed. Robustness to parameter deviations will also be demonstrated. The developed new types of NFO drives can also work at zero stator frequency and sustained zero frequency operation will also be demonstrated. The drives have been tested in basically two environments: where the load is a dc motor; and where a crane drive is implemented. In contrast to other sensorless crane drives, which develop stability problems, it was found that the new NFO drives can operate in a stable manner under all operating conditions including zero frequency. This allows for many new applications.</jats:p>
|
Sensorless induction motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor drives using natural field orientation
|
[
"Vas P. ",
"Rashed M. ",
"Joukhadar A.K.M. ",
"Ng C.H. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03321640210416403
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03321640210423298
|
<jats:p>The emergence of the systolic paradigm in 1978 inspired the first 2D‐array parallelization of the sequential matrix multiplication algorithm. Since then, and due to its attractive and appealing features, systolic approach has been gaining great momentum to the point where all 2D‐array parallelization attempts were exclusively systolic. As good result, latency has been successively reduced a number of times (5<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>, 3<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>, 2<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>, 3<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>/2), where <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> is the matrix size. But as latency was getting lower, further irregularities were introduced into the array, making the implementation severely compromised either at VLSI level or at system level. The best illustrative case of such irregularities are the two designs proposed by Tsay and Chang in 1995 and considered as the fastest designs (3<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>/2) that have been developed so far. The purpose of this paper is twofold: we first demonstrate that <jats:italic>N</jats:italic>+√<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>/2 is the minimal latency that can be achieved using the systolic approach. Afterwards, we introduce a full‐parallel 2D‐array algorithm with <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> latency and 2<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> I/O‐bandwidth. This novel algorithm is not only the fastest algorithm, but is also the most regular one too. A 3D parallel version with <jats:italic>O</jats:italic>(<jats:italic>log</jats:italic> <jats:italic>N</jats:italic>) latency is also presented.</jats:p>
|
<i>N</i> latency 2<i>N</i> I/O‐bandwidth 2D‐array matrix multiplication algorithm
|
[
"Oudjida A.K. ",
"Titr S. ",
"Hamarlain M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03321640210423298
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03321640210423342
|
<jats:p>A systematic, non‐orthogonal FDTD algorithm for the unified and fully dual construction of curvilinear PMLs in 3‐D lossy electromagnetic and advective acoustic problems, is presented in this paper. Postulating a consistent mathematical formulation, the novel methodology introduces a set of general vector parametric equations that describe wave propagation in both media and facilitate the effective treatment of the remarkably complex, arbitrarily‐aligned (non‐uniform) source or mean flow terms, particularly at low frequencies. The discretization procedure is performed via accurate higher‐order FDTD topological concepts, which along with a well‐posed variable transformation, suppress the undesired lattice dispersion and anisotropy errors. Hence, due to these additional degrees of design freedom and their optimal establishment, the new stable PMLs (split‐field or Maxwellian) accomplish a critical attenuation of the evanescent, vorticity or elastic wave families by carefully accounting for every loss mechanism. Numerical investigation reveals the superiority of the proposed technique in terms of various open‐region, waveguide and ducted‐domain simulations.</jats:p>
|
Unified higher‐order curvilinear FDTD‐PMLs for 3‐D electromagnetics and advective acoustics
|
[
"Kantartzis Nikolaos V. ",
"Katsibas Theodoros K. ",
"Antonopoulos Christos S. ",
"Tsiboukis Theodoros D. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03321640210423342
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03684920010342189
|
<jats:p>Biological oscillatory activity in neural networks has been intensively studied over the past years. Neuronal oscillations are the basis of many different behavioral patterns and sensory mechanism. Understanding the dynamic properties of these mechanisms is useful for analyses of biological functions and medical diagnoses. The dynamic characteristics of wake‐sleep circadian rhythms and ECG’s cardiac cycle data measured for normal subjects are identified here, using MA‐BP neural network model. It was found that dynamics of regular components can be captured by the model. The captured dynamics are kept in a steady state for some periods. The order of the MA neural network was suppressively controlled by the first 2∼3 orders. Hence it may be useful for medical diagnoses of circadian rhythms and heart related diseases.</jats:p>
|
Identification of biological signal sources for circadian and cardiac cycle rhythms using BP neural networks
|
[
"Cisse Y. ",
"Kinouch Y. ",
"Nagashino H. ",
"Akutagawa M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920010342189
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03684920010346301
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<jats:p>A general description of a continuous (‐valued) logic is given, basic operations of the logic are defined, and some problems and particulars of their solutions are discussed. First, we define algebra of continuous logic and enumerate its basic unary, binary and ternary functions. All laws of continuous logic are compared with laws of discrete binary logic. We discuss how to enumerate all functions of continuous logic with specified number of variables and how to represent the functions in a standard form. Procedures of minimization of continuous logical functions and their decomposition into the functions with less clarity are exploited. The procedures are compared with their counterparts from binary logic. We also tackle problems of analysis and synthesis of continuous logical functions, and show that the problem of synthesis may not have a solution. Basics of differential and integral calculus are applied to continuous valued logic. We demonstrate that any continuous logical function has the points where a derivative does not exist. At the end of the paper we briefly discuss an incompleteness problem of continuous logic, application of continuous logic in mathematics, engineering and economy, give examples, draw a perspective of further development and supply extensive bibliography of Russian works in the field.</jats:p>
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Continuous logic – I. Basic concepts
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[
"Levin V.I. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920010346301
| 2,002 |
July
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10.1108/03684920010346392
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<jats:p>It is known that a mathematical ecological model and, in general, a particular methodology of modelling, can be considered a literary text written in a formal mathematical language. In this context, stylometric mathematical laws such as Zipf’s (range‐frequency and number‐frequency) can be applied to obtain information parameters in different semantic levels within the same model. Adapts several of these laws and introduces new elements, lexic units, operating and separating units, to carry out several statistical analyses upon two models or texts. The estimated slopes in the regression equations obtained in the present work are compared with the results of previous papers where Mandelbrot’s law was applied and comparisons between them are shown.</jats:p>
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Adaptation of linguistic laws to ecological models
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[
"Sastre‐Vazquez P. ",
"Usó‐Domènech J.L. ",
"Mateu J. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920010346392
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03684920210417292
|
<jats:p>Technical means now exist to monitor, predict a danger and issue early warnings when something devastating is estimated to happen in the human environment. In order to adapt such means for the benefit of humanity, existing monitoring methods, basic system design principles and natural short and long environmental transformations were investigated. Finally an integrated automatic system for deformation monitoring and surveying of the Chernobyl disaster area, was proposed. The conclusion was that airborne remote sensing including GPS and photogrammetry can be considered the optimum solution.</jats:p>
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Monitoring and early warning systems – a design for human survival
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[
"Skyttner Lars "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920210417292
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03684920210417328
|
<jats:p>Simple modifications that can lead to increased accuracy, at least in the specific cases tested, are described for two forms of the well‐known Simpson's rule for approximate numerical integration. A computer program is available on the Internet to allow demonstration and further testing of the methods. In such a thoroughly‐explored area of mathematics the underlying idea may not be novel and “forum” feedback will be welcomed.</jats:p>
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Homogenising Simpson's rule
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[
"Andrew Alex M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920210417328
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03699420210420369
|
<jats:p>A severe problem with water‐borne paints containing aluminium or zinc pigments is hydrogen corrosion of these metals in the aqueous alkaline paint media. The subject of the present study is the examination of corrosion inhibition of aluminium and zinc pigments in aqueous alkaline media by different amino and polyamino acids. Aspartic acid inhibits this corrosion reaction of aluminium pigment only at pH 8 (protection factor 96 per cent) whereas polyaspartic acids do not. In contrast, aspartic acid stimulates the corrosion reaction of zinc pigment whereas polyaspartic acids show a moderate corrosion inhibiting effect. So, corrosion inhibition by aspartic and polyaspartic acids is completely different on aluminium and zinc pigment.</jats:p>
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Amino and polyamino acids as corrosion inhibitors for aluminium and zinc pigments
|
[
"Müller Bodo "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03699420210420369
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/03699420210428505
|
<jats:p>A series of anionic copolymeric surfactants based on <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>‐octylacrylate ester (M<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>) as hydrophobe, and sulfated products of oxypropylated allyl alcohol (M<jats:sub>S1−S2 and S3</jats:sub>) as hydrophiles, were prepared by copolymerization of <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>‐octylacrylate (M<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>) and sulfated products of oxypropylated allyl alcohol (M<jats:sub>S1−S2 and S3</jats:sub>) with different molar ratio's in presence of benzoyl peroxide as initiator to afforded [(PS<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>), (PS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) and (PS<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)]<jats:sub>a–i</jats:sub>, respectively in suitable yield. These derivatives were purified and characterized by microanalysis, IR and <jats:sup>1</jats:sup>H NMR spectral studies. Surface activity, dispersible properties and biodegradability were evaluated.</jats:p>
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Synthesis and evaluation of surface active properties for some anionic copolymeric surfactants based on fatty octylacrylate and sulfated products of oxypropylated allyl alcohol
|
[
"El‐Dougdoug W.I.A. ",
"Mahmoud A.A. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/03699420210428505
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/07363760010329229
|
<jats:p>Provides a perspective on the utilization of the Internet in the consumer electronics market. A preliminary examination of this market‐based on observation of existing Web sites and secondary research – was conducted to provide a springboard for insights regarding consumer use of the Internet and Web page design. Generalizations regarding the consumer electronics market may be useful in applications to other industries.</jats:p>
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Selling home entertainment on the Internet: an overview of a dynamic marketplace
|
[
"McQuitty Shaun ",
"Peterson Robin T. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760010329229
| 2,002 |
July
|
10.1108/07363760010341036
|
<jats:p>Investigates time as a factor that influences consumer preferences for innovative technological services such as the Internet. Specifically, the case of consumer adoption of the Internet for home use is explored. Examines the effect of time of adoption of Internet based services on preferences at the individual consumer level. The key research question is “What is the effect of time of adoption on consumer preferences for a technological service such as the Internet?” The primary contribution of this research is to demonstrate that existing time preference frameworks, previously applied to consumer durable products, can also be applied to technological service innovations, such as the Internet. An empirical examination is conducted using data from a survey of consumers in the initial stages of Internet adoption.</jats:p>
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Consumer preferences for Internet services over time: initial explorations
|
[
"Sultan Fareena ",
"Henrichs Roy B. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760010341036
| 2,002 |
July
|