Pionic Degrees of Freedom in Atomic Nuclei and Quasielastic Knockout of   Pions by High-Energy Electrons
  The nonlinear model of pionic condensate in nuclei by G. Preparata can be efficiently verified by investigation of the quasielastic knockout process of pions out of nuclei by high energy electrons. First, a momentum distribution (MD) of the collective pions has a bright maximum at q=0.3 Gev.Second the excitation spectrum of a recoil nucleus is concentrated at low energies E lesser than 1MeV. The results for the pion knockout from mesonic clouds of individual nucleons are absolutely different. The latter results are presented both for pion and rho-meson clouds localized on nucleons. 
V.G. Neudatchin, N.P. Yudin, L.L. Sviridova, S.N.Yudin