The Orientation of Jets Relative to Dust Disks in Radio Galaxies
  We use HST broad band images, VLA and VLBI continuum data to study the three dimensional orientation of jets relative to nuclear dust disks in 20 radio galaxies. The comparison between the position angles of the jets with those of the dust disks major axes shows a wide distribution, suggesting that they are not aligned preferentially perpendicular to each other. We use a statistical technique to determine the 3 dimensional distribution of angles between jets and dust disks rotation axes. This analysis shows that the observations are consistent with jets homogeneously distributed over a large region, extending over polar caps of 55 degrees to 77 degrees, but seem to avoid lying close to the plane of the dust disks. We argue that the lack of close alignment between jets and dust disks axes is not likely to be caused by feeding the nucleus with gas from mergers originated from random directions. We suggest that the misalignment can be due by a warping mechanism in the accretion disk, like self-irradiation instability or the Bardeen-Petterson effect, or that the gravitational potential in the inner regions of the galaxy is misaligned with respect to that of the dust disk. 
H. R. Schmitt, J. E. Pringle, C. J. Clarke, A. L. Kinney