Statistical Re-examination of Reported Emission Lines in the X-ray   Afterglow of GRB 011211
  (abridged) A 0.2-12 keV spectrum obtained with the XMM EPIC/pn instrument of GRB 011211 was found by Reeves et al. (2002) to contain emission lines which were interpreted to be from Mg XI, Si XIV, S XVI, Ar XVIII, and Ca XX, at a lower redshift (z_{obs}=1.88) than the host galaxy (z_{host}=2.14). We examine the spectrum independently, and find that the claimed lines would not be discovered in a blind search. Specifically, Monte Carlo simulations show that they would be observed in 10% of featureless spectra with the same signal-to-noise. Imposing a model in which the two brightest lines would be Si XIV and S XVI K-alpha emission possibly velocity shifted to between z=1.88--2.40, such features would be found in between ~1.2-2.6% of observed featureless spectra. We find the detection significances to be insufficient to justify the claim of detection and the model put forth to explain them. K-alpha line complexes are also found at z=1.2 and z=2.75 of significance equal to or greater than that at z=1.88. If one adopts the z=1.88 complex as significant, one must also adopt the other two complexes to be significant. The interpretation of these data in the context of the model proposed by Reeves et al. is therefore degenerate, and cannot be resolved by these data alone. 
Robert E. Rutledge and Masao Sako (California Institute of Technology)