Interactions of High and Low-Mass Planets with Protoplanetary Disks
  We present three-dimensional numerical simulations of the interaction of a circular-orbit planet with a protoplanetary disk. We calculate the flow pattern, the accretion rate, and torques on the planet. We consider planet masses ranging from 1 Earth mass to 1 Jupiter mass. 
Stephen H. Lubow, Matthew R. Bate, and Gordon I. Ogilvie