Fabrication of Nano-Scale Gaps in Integrated Circuits
  Nano-size objects like metal clusters present an ideal system for the study of quantum phenomena and for constructing practical quantum devices. Integrating these small objects in a macroscopic circuit is, however, a difficult task. So far the nanoparticles have been contacted and addressed by highly sophisticated techniques which are not suitable for large scale integration in macroscopic circuits. We present an optical lithography method that allows for the fabrication of a network of electrodes which are separated by gaps of controlled nanometer size. The main idea is to control the gap size with subnanometer precision using a structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy. 
Roman Krahne, Tali Dadosh, Amir Yacoby, Hadas Shtrikman, Joseph   Sperling, and Israel Bar-Joseph