Discs in early-type lensing galaxies: effects on magnification ratios   and measurements of $H_0$
  Observations of early-type galaxies, both in the local universe and in clusters at medium redshifts, suggest that these galaxies often contain discs or disc-like structures. Using the results of Kelson et al. (2000) for the incidence of disc-components among the galaxies in the redshift z=0.33 cluster CL 1358+62, we investigate the effect of disc structures on the lensing properties of early-type galaxies. Statistical properties, like magnification cross sections and the expected number of quad (four-image) lens systems, are not affected greatly by the inclusion of discs that contain less than about 10 per cent of the total stellar mass. However, the properties of individual lens systems are affected. We estimate that 10-30 per cent of all quad lens systems, with early-type deflector galaxies, would be affected measurably by the presence of disc components. Intriguingly, the image magnification ratios are altered significantly. The amplitude of the predicted change is sufficient to explain the observed magnification ratios in systems like B1422+231 without requiring compact substructure. Furthermore, time delays between images also change; fitting a bulge-only model to early-type lenses that in fact contain a disc would yield a value of the Hubble constant H_0 that is systematically too low by about 25 per cent. 
Ole Moeller (Kapteyn), Paul Hewett (IoA), A.W. Blain (Caltech)