Alpha-modeling strategy for LES of turbulent mixing
  The $\alpha$-modeling strategy is followed to derive a new subgrid parameterization of the turbulent stress tensor in large-eddy simulation (LES). The LES-$\alpha$ modeling yields an explicitly filtered subgrid parameterization which contains the filtered nonlinear gradient model as well as a model which represents `Leray-regularization'. The LES-$\alpha$ model is compared with similarity and eddy-viscosity models that also use the dynamic procedure. Numerical simulations of a turbulent mixing layer are performed using both a second order, and a fourth order accurate finite volume discretization. The Leray model emerges as the most accurate, robust and computationally efficient among the three LES-$\alpha$ subgrid parameterizations for the turbulent mixing layer. The evolution of the resolved kinetic energy is analyzed and the various subgrid-model contributions to it are identified. By comparing LES-$\alpha$ at different subgrid resolutions, an impression of finite volume discretization error dynamics is obtained. 
Bernard J. Geurts, Darryl D. Holm