Detection of Pulsed X-ray Emission from PSR B1706-44
  We report the first detection of pulsed X-ray emission from the young, energetic radio and Gamma-ray pulsar PSR B1706-44. We find a periodic signal at a frequency of f = 9.7588088 +/- 0.0000026 Hz (at epoch 51585.34104 MJD), consistent with the radio ephemeris, using data obtained with the High Resolution Camera on-board the Chandra X-ray Observatory}. The probability that this detection is a chance occurrence is 3.5E-5 as judged by the Rayleigh test. The folded light curve has a broad, single-peaked profile with a pulsed fraction of 23% +/- 6%. This result is consistent the ROSAT PSPC upper limit of < 18% after allowing for the ability of Chandra to resolve the pulsar from a surrounding synchrotron nebula. We also fitted Chandra spectroscopic data on PSR B1706-44, which require at least two components, e.g., a blackbody of temperature T(infinity) between 1.51E6 K and 1.83E6 K and a power-law of Gamma = 2.0 +/- 0.5. The blackbody radius at the nominal 2.5 kpc distance is only R(infinity) = 3.6 +/- 0.9 km, indicating either a hot region on a cooler surface, or the need for a realistic atmosphere model that would allow a lower temperature and larger area. Because the power-law and blackbody spectra each contribute more than 23% of the observed flux, it is not possible to decide which component is responsible for the modulation in the spectrally unresolved light curve. 
E. V. Gotthelf, J. P. Halpern (Columbia), R. Dodson (U. Tasmania)