The Structure and Dynamics of Luminous and Dark Matter in the Early-Type   Lens Galaxy of 0047-281 at z=0.485
  We have measured the kinematic profile of the early-type (E/S0) lens galaxy in the system 0047-281 (z=0.485) with the {\sl Echelle Spectrograph and Imager} (ESI) on the W.M. Keck--II Telescope, as part of the {\sl Lenses Structure and Dynamics (LSD) Survey}. The central velocity dispersion is \sigma=229\pm 15 \kms, and the dispersion profile is nearly flat to beyond one effective radius (R_e). Surface photometry of the lens galaxy is measured from {\sl Hubble Space Telescope} images. From the offset from the local Fundamental Plane (FP), we measure an evolution of the effective mass-to-light ratio of \Delta \log M/L_B=-0.37\pm0.06 between z=0 and z=0.485, consistent with the observed evolution of field E/S0 galaxies. (We assume h_{65}=1,\Omega_{\rm m}=0.3 and \Omega_\Lambda=0.7 throughout.) Gravitational lens models provide a mass of M_{\rmE}=(4.06\pm0.20)\times 10^{11} h_{65}^{-1}M_\odot inside the Einstein radius of R_{\rm E}=(8.70\pm0.07) h_{65}^{-1} kpc. This allows us to break the degeneracy between velocity anisotropy and density profile, typical of dynamical models for E/S0 galaxies. We find that constant M/L model, even with strongly tangential anisotropy of the stellar velocity ellipsoid, are excluded at >99.9%CL. The total mass distribution inside R_{\rm E} can be described by a single power-law density profile, \rho_t\propto r^{-\gamma'}, with an effective slope \gamma'=1.90^{+0.05}_{-0.23} (68%CL; \pm0.1 systematic error). Two-component models yield an upper limit (68% CL) of \gamma\le 1.55(1.12) on the power-law slope of the dark-matter density profile and a projected dark-matter mass fraction of 0.41(0.54)^{+0.15}_{-0.05}(^{+0.09}_{-0.06}) (68% CL) inside R_{\rm E}, for Osipkov--Merritt models with anisotropy radius r_i=\infty(R_e). 
L.V.E. Koopmans, T. Treu (Caltech)