Low noise temperature control : application to an active cavity   radiometer
  We have designed low noise temperature sensing and control units with the objective of using them for the fabrication of far infrared active cavity radiometers. The sensing unit, first characterized at 300K using industrial platinium resistance thermometers, has a noise level of   25E-6 to 30E-6 Keff for a 3 hours measuring time and in a 1Hz bandwidth. Using YBCO superconducting thermometers, the noise level goes down to 2.5E-6 Keff, which is strongly limited by excess 1/f noise in the YBCO film at the superconducting transition. The sample holder used in the 90K experiments is built with an auxiliary heating resistor, which enables an easy and accurate identification of the electrothermal model, even in the closed loop operation. Based on a design previously published by NIST, we estimate from these experimental results that the overall noise limitations of radiometers could be lowered by one order of magnitude. 
B. Guillet, D. Robbes, L. Mechin