Collisional Stellar Dynamics, Gas Dynamics and Special Purpose Computing
  Challenging stellar dynamical problems, such as the study of gravothermal oscillations in star clusters, have in the past initiated the very successful building of GRAPE special purpose computers. It is discussed, that present day tasks such as the formation and evolution of galactic nuclei with one or more massive black holes and the coupled stellar and gas dynamical processes in the formation of nuclei and star clusters, demand a new kind of hybrid architecture, using both GRAPE and a reconfigurable logics board called RACE. For such a system we have developed first implementations and floating point performance studies in the case of the SPH algorithm (smoothed particle hydrodynamics), which will be of great advantage for SPH modelling and also for direct $N$-body simulations using the more efficient Ahmad-Cohen neighbour schemes. 
R. Spurzem, J. Makino, T. Fukushige, G. Lienhart, A. Kugel, R.   Maenner, M. Wetzstein, A. Burkert, T. Naab