Temperature dependent photoluminescence of organic semiconductors with   varying backbone conformation
  We present photoluminescence studies as a function of temperature from a series of conjugated polymers and a conjugated molecule with distinctly different backbone conformations. The organic materials investigated here are: planar methylated ladder type poly para-phenylene, semi-planar polyfluorene, and non-planar para hexaphenyl. In the longer-chain polymers the photoluminescence transition energies blue shift with increasing temperatures. The conjugated molecules, on the other hand, red shift their transition energies with increasing temperatures. Empirical models that explain the temperature dependence of the band gap energies in inorganic semiconductors can be extended to explain the temperature dependence of the transition energies in conjugated molecules. 
S. Guha, J. D. Rice, Y. T. Yau, C. M. Martin, M. Chandrasekhar, H.R.   Chandrasekhar, R. Guentner, P.Scandiucci de Freitas a...