Alternatives to Quintessence Model Building
  We discuss the issue of toy model building for the dark energy component of the universe. Specifically, we consider two generic toy models recently proposed as alternatives to quintessence models, known as Cardassian expansion and the Chaplygin gas. We show that the former is enteriely equivalent to a class of quintessence models. We determine the observational constraints on the latter, coming from recent supernovae results and from the shape of the matter power spectrum. As expected, these restrict the model to a behaviour that closely matches that of a standard cosmological constant $\Lambda$. 
P.P. Avelino (1,2), L.M.G. Beca (2), J.P.M. de Carvalho (1,3),   C.J.A.P. Martins (1,4,5) and P. Pinto (2) ((1) CAUP, Porto;...