Fireball Heated by Neutrinos
  The fireball, the promising model of the gamma-ray burst (GRB), is an opaque radiation plasma, whose energy is significantly greater than its rest mass. We numerically simulate the evolution of the fireball heated by the neutrino-antineutrino annihilation process for the spherically symmetric case. We also derive analytical energy and momentum deposition rates via neutrino scattering with thermalized electron-positron pairs in the fireball. In our simulation the matter is provided around the neutrinosphere before neutrinos start to be emitted, and the energy is injected during a finite period of time $t_{\rm dur}$. In the acceleration regime the matter shell is pushed from behind by radiation pressure. The Lorentz factor of the shell reaches the maximum value $\eta$ at $r \simeq \eta^2 c t_{\rm dur}$. After the fireball enters the coasting regime, the velocity distribution in the shell becomes very flat. The shell expansion rate $d W/dr$ can be much smaller than $\eta^{-2}$. The runaway of temperature of the fireball due to neutrino scattering with electron-positron pairs does not occur in most cases. The energy deposition due to scattering is not so significant. 
Katsuaki Asano and Shizuo Iwamoto