Convective intensification of magnetic flux tubes in stellar   photospheres
  The convective collapse of thin magnetic flux tubes in the photospheres of sun-like stars is investigated using realistic models of the superadiabatic upper convection zone layers of these stars. The strengths of convectively stable flux tubes are computed as a function of surface gravity and effective temperature. We find that while stars with T$_{eff}\ge$ 5500 K and log $g$$\ge$ 4.0 show flux tubes highly evacuated of gas, and hence strong field strengths, due to convective collapse, cooler stars exhibit flux tubes with lower field strengths. Observations reveal the existence of field strengths close to thermal equipartition limits even in cooler stars, implying highly evacuated tubes, for which we suggest possible reasons. 
S. P. Rajaguru (1), R. L. Kurucz (2), S. S. Hasan (1) ((1) Indian   Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India, (2) Center ...