Interpretation of the Tadpole VV29 Merging Galaxy System using   Hydro-Gravitational Theory
  Hubble Space Telescope (HST/ACS) images of the galaxy merger Tadpole are interpreted using the hydro-gravitational theory of Gibson 1996-2000 (HGT) that predicts galaxy masses within about 100 kpc are dominated by dark halos of planetary mass primordial-fog-particles (PFPs) in dark proto-globular-star-clusters (PGCs). According to our interpretation, stars and young-globular-clusters (YGCs) appear out of the dark as merging galaxy components VV29cdef move through the baryonic-dark-matter halo of the larger galaxy VV29a creating luminous star-wakes. Frozen PFP planets are evaporated by radiation and tidal forces of the intruders. Friction from the gas accelerates an accretional cascade of PFPs to form larger planets, stars and YGCs of the filamentary galaxy VV29b. Star-wakes show that galaxy VV29c, identified as a blue dwarf by radio telescope observations of gas density and velocity (Briggs et al. 2001), with companions VV29def entered the dark halo of the larger VV29a galaxy at a radius 130 kpc and then spiraled in on different tracks toward frictional capture by the VV29a core. A previously dark dwarf galaxy is identified from a Keck spectrographic study showing a VV29c star-wake dense cluster of YGCs aligned to 1 degree in a close straight row (Tran et al. 2003). 
Carl H. Gibson (UCSD) and Rudolph E. Schild (Harvard)