Chandra and ASCA Observations of the X-ray-brightest T-Tauri Stars in   the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud
  We present the Chandra ACIS and ASCA GIS results for a series of four long-term observations on DoAr 21, ROXs 21 and ROXs 31; the X-ray brightest T-Tauri stars (TTSs) in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud. In the four observations with a net exposure of ~600 ksec, we found six, three and two flares from DoAr 21, ROXs 21 and ROXs 31, respectively; hence the flare rate is fairly high. The spectra of DoAr 21 are well fitted with a single-temperature plasma model, while those of ROXs 21 and ROXs 31 need an additional soft plasma component. Since DoAr 21 is younger (~10^5 yr) than ROXs 21 and ROXs 31 (~10^6 yr), these results may indicate that the soft component gradually increases as T-Tauri stars age. The abundances are generally sub-solar and vary from element to element. Both high-FIP (first ionization potential) and low-FIP elements show enhancement over the mean abundances. An unusual giant flare is detected from ROXs 31. The peak luminosity and temperature are ~10^33 ergs s^-1 and ~10 keV, respectively. The temperature reaches its peak value before the flux maximum, and is nearly constant (4--5 keV) during the decay phase, indicating successive energy release during the flare. The abundances and absorption show dramatic variability from the quiescent to flare phase. 
Kensuke Imanishi, Masahiro Tsujimoto, and Katsuji Koyama