Quantum Codes for Simplifying Design and Suppressing Decoherence in   Superconducting Phase-Qubits
  We introduce simple qubit-encodings and logic gates which eliminate the need for certain difficult single-qubit operations in superconducting phase-qubits, while preserving universality. The simplest encoding uses two physical qubits per logical qubit. Two architectures for its implementation are proposed: one employing N physical qubits out of which N/2 are ancillas fixed in the |1> state, the other employing N/2+1 physical qubits, one of which is a bus qubit connected to all others. Details of a minimal set of universal encoded logic operations are given, together with recoupling schemes, that require nanosecond pulses. A generalization to codes with higher ratio of number of logical qubits per physical qubits is presented. Compatible decoherence and noise suppression strategies are also discussed. 
Daniel A. Lidar (1), Lian-Ao Wu (1), Alexandre Blais (2) ((1)   University of Toronto, (2) University of Sherbrooke)