The nucleation, growth and stabilization of vortex lattices
  We give a simple unified theory of vortex nucleation and vortex lattice formation which is valid from the initiation process up to the final stabilization of the lattice. We treat the growth of vortex lattices from a rotating thermal cloud, and their production using a rotating trap. We find results consistent with previous work on the critical velocity or critical angular velocity for vortex formation, and predict the initial number of vortices expected before their self assembly into a lattice. We show that the thermal cloud plays a crucial role in the process of vortex lattice nucleation. 
A. A. Penckwitt, R. J. Ballagh, C. W. Gardiner