Dualistic computational algebraic analyses of primal and dual minimum   cost flow problems on acyclic tournament graphs
  To integer programming problems, computational algebraic approaches using Grobner bases or standard pairs via the discreteness of toric ideals have been studied in recent years. Although these approaches have not given improved time complexity bound compared with existing methods for solving integer programming problems, these give algebraic analysis of their structures. In this paper, we focus on the case that the coefficient matrix is unimodular, especially on the primal and dual minimum cost flow problems, whose structure is rather well-known, but new structures can be revealed by our approach. We study the Grobner bases and standard pairs for unimodular programming, and give the maximum number of dual feasible bases in terms of the volume of polytopes. And for the minimum cost flow problems, we characterize reduced Grobner bases in terms of graphs, and give bounds for the number of dual (resp. primal) feasible bases of the primal (resp. dual) problems: for the primal problems the minimum and the maximum are shown to be 1 and the Catalan number $\frac{1}{d}\tbinom{2(d-1)}{d-1}$, while for the dual problems the lower bound is shown to be $\Omega(2^{\lfloor d/6\rfloor})$. To analyze arithmetic degrees, we use two approaches: one is the relation between reduced Gr{\"o}bner bases and standard pairs, where the corresponding relation on the minimum cost flow -- between a subset of circuits and dual feasible bases -- has not been so clear, the other is the results in combinatorics related with toric ideals. 
Takayuki Ishizeki, Hiroki Nakayama, Hiroshi Imai