Flat Spectrum X-ray Emission from the Direction of a Molecular Cloud   Associated with SNR RX J1713.7-3946
  We report on the discovery of a hard X-ray source with ASCA from a molecular cloud in the vicinity of the SNR RX J1713.7-3946. The energy spectrum (1--10 keV) shows a flat continuum which is described by a power-law with photon index 1.0 +-0.4. We argue that this unusually flat spectrum can be best interpreted in terms of characteristic bremsstrahlung emission from the ionization-loss-flattened distribution of either sub-relativistic protons or mildly-relativistic electrons. The strong shock of the SNR RX J1713.7-3946, which presumably interacts with the molecular cloud, as evidenced by observations of CO-lines, seems to be a natural site of acceleration of such sub- or mildly-relativistic nonthermal particles. However, the observed X-ray luminosity of 1.7 10^35 erg/s (for 6 kpc distance) requires that a huge kinetic energy of about 10^50 erg be released in the form of nonthermal particles to illuminate the cloud. The shock-acceleration at RX J1713.7-3946 can barely satisfy this energetic requirement, unless (i) the source is located much closer than 6 kpc and/or (ii) the mechanical energy of the explosion essentially exceeds 10^51 erg. Another possibility would be that an essential part of the "lost" energy is somehow converted to plasma waves, which return this energy to nonthermal particles through their turbulent reacceleration on plasma waves. Irrespective of mechanisms responsible for production of high-energy particles, the flat X-ray emission seems to be a signature of a new striking energetic phenomenon in molecular clouds. 
Y. Uchiyama (ISAS), T. Takahashi (ISAS), F.A. Aharonian (MPI-K)