Universal Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation in the Presence of   Spontaneous Emission and Collective Dephasing
  A universal and fault tolerant scheme for quantum computation is proposed which utilizes a class of error correcting codes that is based on the detection of spontaneous emission (of, e.g., photons, phonons, and ripplons). The scheme is compatible with a number of promising solid-state and quantum-optical proposals for quantum computer implementations, such as quantum dots in cavities, electrons on helium, and trapped ions. 
Kaveh L. Khodjasteh and Daniel A. Lidar (University of Toronto)