Expounding on physics -- A phenomenographic study of physicists talking   of their physics
  Physicists and physics students have been studied with respect to the variation in ways they expound on their topic of research and a physics problem, respectively. A phenomenographic approach has been employed; six fourth-year physics students and ten teacher/researcher physicists at various stages of their careers have been interviewed. Four qualitatively distinct ways of expounding on physics have been identified, constituting an outcome space where there is a successive shift towards coherent structure and multiple referent domains. The interviewed person is characterised as expressing an 'object of knowledge' and the interviewer is characterised as a willing and active listener who is trying to make sense of it, constituting a 'knowledge object' out of the ideas, data and personal experience. Pedagogical situations of analogous character to the interviewer-interviewee discussions are considered in the light of the analysis, focusing on the affordances for learning offered by the different forms of exposition. 
AAke Ingerman and Shirley Booth