Shock breakouts in SNe Ib/c
  Numerical modeling of shock breakout in compact presupernovae of type Ib/c is done by two independent methods. Peak color temperatures reach 4 to 8 million K for explosion energies 1 to 9 foe with a typical local time-scale of 0.03 seconds. In the obverver's frame the burst is smeared over few seconds due to light travel time correction R/c. 
S.I.Blinnikov (1), D.K.Nadyozhin (1), S.E.Woosley (2) and E.I.Sorokina   (3) ((1) ITEP, Moscow; (2) UCO/Lick, Santa Cruz; (3...