A sharp Sobolev inequality on Riemannian manifolds
  Let (M,g) be a smooth compact Riemannian manifold without boundary of dimension n>=6. We prove that {align*} \|u\|_{L^{2^*}(M,g)}^2 \le K^2\int_M\{|\nabla_g u|^2+c(n)R_gu^2\}dv_g +A\|u\|_{L^{2n/(n+2)}(M,g)}^2, {align*} for all u\in H^1(M), where 2^*=2n/(n-2), c(n)=(n-2)/[4(n-1)], R_g is the scalar curvature, $K^{-1}=\inf\|\nabla u\|_{L^2(\R^n)}\|u\|_{L^{2n/(n-2)}(\R^n)}^{-1}$ and A>0 is a constant depending on (M,g) only. The inequality is {\em sharp} in the sense that on any (M,g), $K$ can not be replaced by any smaller number and R_g can not be replaced by any continuous function which is smaller than R_g at some point. If (M,g) is not locally conformally flat, the exponent 2n/(n+2) can not be replaced by any smaller number. If (M,g) is locally conformally flat, a stronger inequality, with 2n/(n+2) replaced by 1, holds in all dimensions n>=3. 
YanYan Li (Rutgers), Tonia Ricciardi (Naples)