The Modelling of Intermediate Age Stellar Populations. II. Average   spectra for upper AGB stars, and their use
  The upper Asymptotic Giant Branch is populated with oxygen rich and carbon rich Long Period Variables. These stars are essential contributors to the near-IR light of intermediate age stellar populations. Individual observed spectra of LPVs are so diverse that they cannot be used directly in the synthesis of galaxy spectra. In this paper, the library of individual spectra of Lancon and Wood (2000) is used to construct averages that can be incorporated conveniently in population synthesis work. The connection between such spectra and stellar evolution tracks is discussed [...]. For instance, we address: (i) the bolometric corrections and temperature scales needed to associate a spectrum with a given point on a theoretical stellar evolution track (or isochrone), (ii) the simplifying assumptions that will be implicitely made when using the average spectra, (iii) potential biases in the sample of Lan\c{c}on & Wood and their effects, (iv) the small contribution of LPVs to the interstellar hydrogen emission lines in galaxies. It is emphasized that an a posteriori calibration of the effective temperature scale remains necessary, until consistent models for the evolution, the pulsation and the spectral appearance of LPVs become available. 
A. Lancon and M. Mouhcine (Observatoire de Strasbourg)