Quantum-optical catalysis: generating "Schroedinger kittens" by means of   linear optics
  We report preparation and characterization of coherent superposition states t |0> + alpha |1> of electromagnetic field by conditional measurements on a beamsplitter. The state is generated in one of the beam splitter output channels if a coherent state and a single-photon Fock state |1> are present in the two input ports and a single photon is registered in the other beam splitter output. The single photon thus plays a role of a "catalyst": it is explicitly present in both the input and the output channels of the interaction yet facilitates generation of a nonclassical state of light. 
A. I. Lvovsky, J. Mlynek