Current density and reversible magnetization of HgBa(2)Ca(2)Cu(3)O(x)   superconductors containing randomly oriented columnar defects
  Bulk polycrystalline HgBa(2)Ca(2)Cu(3)O(x) materials were irradiated with 0.8 GeV protons to form randomly oriented columnar defects, by induced fission of Hg-nuclei. Proton fluences from 0 to 35 times 10^{16} cm^{-2} were used to install defects with area densities up to a "matching field" of 3.4 Tesla. Studies were conducted on the dependence of the equilibrium magnetization and the intragrain persistent current density on temperature and applied magnetic field, at various defect densities. The magnetization was modeled using London theory with the addition of vortex-defect interactions. 
J. R. Thompson, J. G. Ossandon, L. Krusin-Elbaum, H. J. Kim, D. K.   Christen, K. J. Song, K. D. Sorge, and J. L. Ullmann