Thermodynamics of ionization and dissociation in hydrogen plasmas   including fluctuations and magnetic fields
  Applying Gibb's geometrical methods to the thermodynamics of H-plasmas we explore the landscape of the free energy as a function of the degrees of ionization and dissociation. Several approximations for the free energy are discussed. We show that in the region of partial ionization/dissociation the quantum Debye-Hueckel approximation (QDHA) yields a rather good but still simple representation which allows to include magnetic field and fluctuation effects. By using relations of Onsager-Landau-type the probability of fluctuations and ionization/dissociation processes are described. We show that the degrees of ionization/dissociation are probabilistic quantities which are subject to a relatively large dispersion. Magnetic field effects are studied. 
Werner Ebeling, Hendrik Hache, Michael Spahn