Excitation and damping of collective modes of a Bose-Einstein condensate   in a one-dimensional lattice
  The mode structure of a Bose-Einstein condensate non-adiabatically loaded into a one-dimensional optical lattice is studied by analyzing the visibility of the interference pattern as well as the radial profile of the condensate after a time-of-flight. A simple model is proposed that predicts the short-time decrease of the visibility as a function of the condensate parameters. In the radial direction, heavily damped oscillations are observed, as well as an increase in the condensate temperature. These findings are interpreted as a re-thermalization due to dissipation of the initial condensate excitations into high-lying modes. 
O. Morsch, J.H. M\"uller, D. Ciampini, M. Cristiani, P.B. Blakie, C.J.   Williams, P.S. Julienne, E. Arimondo