def Dvalue2col(A, k, kout, Lmax=1):
    """ Convert D-efficiency to equivalent value at another number of columns """
    m = 1 + k + k * (k - 1) / 2
    mout = 1 + kout + kout * (kout - 1) / 2
    dc = kout - k
    Aout = (A**(float(m)) * (Lmax**dc))**(1. / mout)

    return Aout