def epsg_string_to_epsg(epsg_string: str) -> int:
    """From a string of the form 'EPSG:${code}' return
    the epsg code as a integer
    Raise a ValueError if the epsg_string cannot
    be decoded
    """
    epsg_string = epsg_string.lower()
    epsg_string = epsg_string.strip()
    epsg_string = epsg_string.replace("epsg:", "")

    return int(epsg_string)