def make_mysql_url(username: str, password: str, dbname: str,
                   driver: str = "mysqldb", host: str = "localhost",
                   port: int = 3306, charset: str = "utf8") -> str:
    """
    Makes an SQLAlchemy URL for a MySQL database.
    """
    return "mysql+{driver}://{u}:{p}@{host}:{port}/{db}?charset={cs}".format(
        driver=driver,
        host=host,
        port=port,
        db=dbname,
        u=username,
        p=password,
        cs=charset,
    )