def follow(id, edges, directed=False, _visited=None):
    """
    Follow the a graph to find the nodes connected to a given node.
    Args:
        id: the id of the starting node
        edges: a pandas DataFrame of edges. Each row is an edge with two columns containing
            the ids of the vertices.
        directed: If True, edges are directed from first column to second column.
              Otherwise edges are undirected.
        _visited: used internally for recursion
    Returns: the set of all nodes connected to the starting node.

    """
    if _visited is None:
        _visited = set()
    _visited.add(id)

    for row in edges[edges.ix[:, 0] == id].values:
        if(row[1] not in _visited):
            follow(row[1], edges, directed, _visited)

    if not directed:
        for row in edges[edges.ix[:, 1] == id].values:
            if(row[0] not in _visited):
                follow(row[0], edges, directed, _visited)

    return _visited