def qlao(code, tx, ty, direction) -> int:
    """
    This is the circled plus operator from the paper. QLAO stands for quad location addition operator

    :param code: address of cell
    :param tx: constant mask for filtering x bits
    :param ty: constant mask for filtering y bits
    :param direction: direction vector in interleaved binary format
    :return: the calculated neighbor address
    """
    return (((code | ty) + (direction & tx)) & tx) | (((code | tx) + (direction & ty)) & ty)