def calculate(x: int, y: int = 1, *, subtract: bool = False) -> int:
    """Calculates the sum (or difference) of two numbers.

    Parameters:
    `x` : int
        The first number
    `y` : int, optional
        The second number (default is 1)
    `subtraction`: bool, optional
        Whether to perform subtraction. (Default is `False`.)

    Returns:
        int
    """

    if subtract:
        return x - y
    else:
        return x + y