def present_value(value, year, discount_rate, compounding_rate=1):
	"""
		Calculates the present value of a future value similar to numpy.pv, except numpy.pv gave weird negative values
	:param value: The future value to get the present value of
	:param year: How many years away is it?
	:param discount_rate: The discount rate to use for all years/periods in between
	:param compounding_rate: How often during the period should values be compounded. 1 means once a year, 365 means daily, etc.
	:return:  present value of the provided value
	"""
	return value * (1 + float(discount_rate)/float(compounding_rate)) ** (-year*compounding_rate)