ARROW-616: [C++] Do not include debug symbols in release builds by default
ARROW-616: [C++] Do not include debug symbols in release builds by default

This reduces binary size on Linux by about 80-90%. If the user wants them, they can enable with `-DARROW_CXXFLAGS="-g"`.

Author: Wes McKinney <wes.mckinney@twosigma.com>

Closes #574 from wesm/ARROW-616 and squashes the following commits:

71fc105 [Wes McKinney] Do not include debug symbols in release builds by default

apache/arrow,NonVolatileComputing/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,NonVolatileComputing/arrow,dremio/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,yufeldman/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,tebeka/arrow,itaiin/arrow,NonVolatileComputing/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,wesm/arrow,kou/arrow,yufeldman/arrow,renesugar/arrow,yufeldman/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,siddharthteotia/arrow,itaiin/arrow,xhochy/arrow,xhochy/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,apache/arrow,kou/arrow,siddharthteotia/arrow,wesm/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,xhochy/arrow,wesm/arrow,kou/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,tebeka/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,dremio/arrow,jeffknupp/arrow,yufeldman/arrow,itaiin/arrow,renesugar/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,kou/arrow,apache/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,NonVolatileComputing/arrow,NonVolatileComputing/arrow,apache/arrow,siddharthteotia/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,apache/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,itaiin/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,tebeka/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,jeffknupp/arrow,siddharthteotia/arrow,renesugar/arrow,yufeldman/arrow,wesm/arrow,kou/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,itaiin/arrow,siddharthteotia/arrow,siddharthteotia/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,jeffknupp/arrow,tebeka/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,jeffknupp/arrow,renesugar/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,apache/arrow,xhochy/arrow,itaiin/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,itaiin/arrow,xhochy/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,itaiin/arrow,xhochy/arrow,yufeldman/arrow,xhochy/arrow,renesugar/arrow,dremio/arrow,apache/arrow,xhochy/arrow,apache/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,siddharthteotia/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,tebeka/arrow,wesm/arrow,NonVolatileComputing/arrow,xhochy/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,xhochy/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,renesugar/arrow,xhochy/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,tebeka/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,tebeka/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,NonVolatileComputing/arrow,kou/arrow,xhochy/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,renesugar/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,renesugar/arrow,NonVolatileComputing/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,NonVolatileComputing/arrow,yufeldman/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,tebeka/arrow,jeffknupp/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,wesm/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,kou/arrow,dremio/arrow,renesugar/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,itaiin/arrow,apache/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,itaiin/arrow,apache/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,dremio/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,xhochy/arrow,renesugar/arrow,wesm/arrow,dremio/arrow,xhochy/arrow,siddharthteotia/arrow,yufeldman/arrow,siddharthteotia/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,kou/arrow,wesm/arrow,wesm/arrow,yufeldman/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,wesm/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,wesm/arrow,apache/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,renesugar/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,jeffknupp/arrow,kou/arrow,kou/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,dremio/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,tebeka/arrow,laurentgo/arrow,wesm/arrow,wesm/arrow,jeffknupp/arrow,renesugar/arrow,apache/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,jeffknupp/arrow,kou/arrow,pcmoritz/arrow,xhochy/arrow,kou/arrow,itaiin/arrow,siddharthteotia/arrow,dremio/arrow,jeffknupp/arrow,dremio/arrow,itaiin/arrow,itaiin/arrow,kou/arrow,NonVolatileComputing/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,wesm/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,siddharthteotia/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,renesugar/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,majetideepak/arrow,apache/arrow,itaiin/arrow,jeffknupp/arrow,wagavulin/arrow,kou/arrow,dremio/arrow,renesugar/arrow,cpcloud/arrow,itaiin/arrow,yufeldman/arrow,yufeldman/arrow,NonVolatileComputing/arrow,jeffknupp/arrow,dremio/arrow,apache/arrow,tebeka/arrow,renesugar/arrow