[PerseusMarkdown] output->react, add `state` param
[PerseusMarkdown] output->react, add `state` param

Summary:
Upgrades PerseusMarkdown for some of the new changes in
SimpleMarkdown. These will require changes in the Renderer
to have a real effect, but this is one piece of the puzzle.

Depends on D17719

Test Plan:
Will add some tests next commit.
Will test the changes thoroughly in the Renderer update

Reviewers: john, emily

Reviewed By: emily

Subscribers: #a11y

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.khanacademy.org/D17721

chirilo/perseus,iamchenxin/perseus,ariabuckles/perseus,daukantas/perseus,abe4mvp/perseus,sachgits/perseus,abe4mvp/perseus,ariabuckles/perseus,chirilo/perseus,learningequality/perseus,alexristich/perseus,daukantas/perseus,ariabuckles/perseus,learningequality/perseus,sachgits/perseus,iamchenxin/perseus,alexristich/perseus,ariabuckles/perseus