[Bugfix:Autograding] More error handling for short-circuiting (#6311)
[Bugfix:Autograding] More error handling for short-circuiting (#6311)

* More robust exception handling for try_short_circuit

* Fix wrong type hint

* Narrow down except Exception clause
Submitty/Submitty,RCOS-Grading-Server/HWserver,Submitty/Submitty,Submitty/Submitty,RCOS-Grading-Server/HWserver,RCOS-Grading-Server/HWserver,RCOS-Grading-Server/HWserver,Submitty/Submitty,RCOS-Grading-Server/HWserver,Submitty/Submitty,Submitty/Submitty,RCOS-Grading-Server/HWserver,Submitty/Submitty,RCOS-Grading-Server/HWserver,RCOS-Grading-Server/HWserver,RCOS-Grading-Server/HWserver,Submitty/Submitty,Submitty/Submitty