ARROW-16684: [CI][Archery] Add retry mechanism to git fetch on GitError failures
ARROW-16684: [CI][Archery] Add retry mechanism to git fetch on GitError failures

There has been some jobs failing on Archery when performing a git fetch with the following error:
```
  File "/home/runner/work/crossbow/crossbow/arrow/dev/archery/archery/crossbow/cli.py", line 238, in latest_prefix
    queue.fetch()
  File "/home/runner/work/crossbow/crossbow/arrow/dev/archery/archery/crossbow/core.py", line 271, in fetch
    self.origin.fetch([refspec])
  File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.12/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pygit2/remote.py", line 146, in fetch
    payload.check_error(err)
  File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.12/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pygit2/callbacks.py", line 93, in check_error
    check_error(error_code)
  File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.12/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pygit2/errors.py", line 65, in check_error
    raise GitError(message)
_pygit2.GitError: SSL error: received early EOF
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.
```
Retrying the job usually works. The idea of this PR is to add a default retry mechanism on fetching the remote branches on archery.

Closes #13258 from raulcd/ARROW-16684

Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <59d4da135a4a8d271cfab38e4b71ac8d4bb78fb2@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Krisztián Szűcs <6bab32dc957a05a87930e779f272342e159326fa@gmail.com>

apache/arrow,kou/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,wesm/arrow,apache/arrow,apache/arrow,kou/arrow,apache/arrow,apache/arrow,wesm/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,wesm/arrow,wesm/arrow,wesm/arrow,kou/arrow,wesm/arrow,apache/arrow,kou/arrow,wesm/arrow,apache/arrow,kou/arrow,apache/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,kou/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,kou/arrow,kou/arrow,apache/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,wesm/arrow,kou/arrow,wesm/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,kou/arrow,apache/arrow,wesm/arrow,kou/arrow,wesm/arrow,apache/arrow,kou/arrow,apache/arrow,wesm/arrow,kou/arrow,apache/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,apache/arrow,wesm/arrow,icexelloss/arrow,kou/arrow,wesm/arrow