Strip moved to the parser as it is more useful there
Strip moved to the parser as it is more useful there

Netflix-Skunkworks/napalm-base,bewing/napalm-base,napalm-automation/napalm,napalm-automation/napalm-base,Netflix-Skunkworks/napalm-base,spotify/napalm,bewing/napalm-base,napalm-automation/napalm-base,spotify/napalm