cmd/go: revise disallowInternal
cmd/go: revise disallowInternal

This fixes two problems: x/internal/y/z was using parent = x/internal/y instead of x,
and hasPathPrefix only looks at /, not \ for Windows.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://codereview.appspot.com/121280045

tv42/old-go,tv42/old-go,tv42/old-go,tv42/old-go,tv42/old-go,tv42/old-go,tv42/old-go