refactor(dev-infra): add JSDoc throws description to assertion functions (#42454)
refactor(dev-infra): add JSDoc throws description to assertion functions (#42454)

Adds the JSDoc `@throws` annotation to functions that would throw
within in the ng-dev tool. We want to add `@throws` so clearly
communicate if the invocation of a function results in errors or not.

This helps if IDEs show the `@throws` annotation on invocation, or
if TS ever lands a feature like Java `throws`, with more fine-grained
and typed error handling.

PR Close #42454

gnomeontherun/angular,mgechev/angular,JiaLiPassion/angular,JiaLiPassion/angular,gnomeontherun/angular,brandonroberts/angular,gkalpak/angular,ocombe/angular,angular-indonesia/angular,angular/angular,brandonroberts/angular,angular/angular,mgechev/angular,brandonroberts/angular,shairez/angular,shairez/angular,brandonroberts/angular,gkalpak/angular,angular/angular,ocombe/angular,mgechev/angular,manekinekko/angular,shairez/angular,mgechev/angular,ocombe/angular,gnomeontherun/angular,JiaLiPassion/angular,brandonroberts/angular,manekinekko/angular,shairez/angular,brandonroberts/angular,manekinekko/angular,gkalpak/angular,manekinekko/angular,shairez/angular,ocombe/angular,gnomeontherun/angular,manekinekko/angular,JiaLiPassion/angular,angular-indonesia/angular,ocombe/angular,angular-indonesia/angular,angular/angular,manekinekko/angular,mgechev/angular,ocombe/angular,gkalpak/angular,angular-indonesia/angular