type_parser: catch exceptions by reference and not by value
type_parser: catch exceptions by reference and not by value

Found by PVS-Studio static analyzer:

Type slicing. An exception should be caught by reference rather than by value.

Fixes #2288

Reported-by: Phillip Khandeliants
Signed-off-by: Vlad Zolotarov <976c0f8d0852ed6439ad273880b400a75a7c41d0@scylladb.com>

duarten/scylla,avikivity/scylla,avikivity/scylla,duarten/scylla,duarten/scylla,scylladb/scylla,scylladb/scylla,avikivity/scylla,scylladb/scylla,scylladb/scylla