[c++] Only use /permissive- on VC++ 2017 and later
[c++] Only use /permissive- on VC++ 2017 and later

The original condition (`NOT (MSVC_VERSION LESS 1900)`) was triggering
for Visual C++ 2015 as well.

* Visual C++ 2015 has a `MSVC_VERSION` of 1900.
* Visual C++ 2017 has a `MSVC_VERSION` of 1910.

The original error was not caught, as it was causing the _command line
warning_ "Command line warning D9002 : ignoring unknown option
'/permissive-'" to be emitted. The CI builds don't fail on these sort of
warnings. (The cl.exe switch `/WX` does not turn this warning into a
non-zero exit code.)

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