makefiles/rust: Extra checks to ensure a usable build environment
makefiles/rust: Extra checks to ensure a usable build environment

... and print actionable errors.

Closes: https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/issues/18200

kaspar030/RIOT,miri64/RIOT,miri64/RIOT,ant9000/RIOT,jasonatran/RIOT,ant9000/RIOT,kaspar030/RIOT,kYc0o/RIOT,kaspar030/RIOT,RIOT-OS/RIOT,ant9000/RIOT,kYc0o/RIOT,kYc0o/RIOT,RIOT-OS/RIOT,ant9000/RIOT,miri64/RIOT,miri64/RIOT,jasonatran/RIOT,kYc0o/RIOT,jasonatran/RIOT,RIOT-OS/RIOT,kaspar030/RIOT,jasonatran/RIOT,miri64/RIOT,kaspar030/RIOT,jasonatran/RIOT,ant9000/RIOT,RIOT-OS/RIOT,RIOT-OS/RIOT,kYc0o/RIOT