Rollup merge of #76201 - denisvasilik:intra-doc-links-core-panic, r=kennytm
Rollup merge of #76201 - denisvasilik:intra-doc-links-core-panic, r=kennytm

Move to intra-doc links for library/core/src/panic.rs

Helps with #75080.

@rustbot modify labels: T-doc, A-intra-doc-links, T-rustdoc

Known issues:

* Link from `core` to `std` (#74481):

    [`set_hook`]
    [`String`]

graydon/rust,aidancully/rust,aidancully/rust,graydon/rust,graydon/rust,aidancully/rust,graydon/rust,aidancully/rust,aidancully/rust,graydon/rust,graydon/rust,aidancully/rust