check-storage-mdraid: drop unused arg from info_field()
check-storage-mdraid: drop unused arg from info_field()

The info field used to be dependent on the OS, but it's not anymore, so
drop the image parameter, and adjust the callers accordingly.

mvollmer/cockpit,mvollmer/cockpit,martinpitt/cockpit,cockpit-project/cockpit,mvollmer/cockpit,cockpit-project/cockpit,cockpit-project/cockpit,martinpitt/cockpit,martinpitt/cockpit,cockpit-project/cockpit,martinpitt/cockpit,mvollmer/cockpit,cockpit-project/cockpit,martinpitt/cockpit,mvollmer/cockpit