refactor(core): validate property (#45528)
refactor(core): validate property (#45528)

Simplifies and documents the `validateProperty` function (in a similar fashion that #45492 simplified `validateElementIsKnown`).

PR Close #45528

gkalpak/angular,JiaLiPassion/angular,angular/angular,gkalpak/angular,gkalpak/angular,angular-indonesia/angular,angular/angular,gnomeontherun/angular,angular-indonesia/angular,angular/angular,gnomeontherun/angular,angular-indonesia/angular,JiaLiPassion/angular,angular-indonesia/angular,gnomeontherun/angular,JiaLiPassion/angular,gnomeontherun/angular,angular/angular,JiaLiPassion/angular,gkalpak/angular