Trim various keys in stacktrace
Trim various keys in stacktrace

fotinakis/sentry,jokey2k/sentry,ewdurbin/sentry,1tush/sentry,imankulov/sentry,looker/sentry,argonemyth/sentry,ifduyue/sentry,JamesMura/sentry,llonchj/sentry,kevinlondon/sentry,imankulov/sentry,JTCunning/sentry,wujuguang/sentry,jokey2k/sentry,TedaLIEz/sentry,drcapulet/sentry,felixbuenemann/sentry,camilonova/sentry,gg7/sentry,mvaled/sentry,BayanGroup/sentry,gencer/sentry,1tush/sentry,JamesMura/sentry,JTCunning/sentry,Natim/sentry,vperron/sentry,jean/sentry,jean/sentry,zenefits/sentry,pauloschilling/sentry,mvaled/sentry,gencer/sentry,BuildingLink/sentry,gg7/sentry,fuziontech/sentry,Natim/sentry,BuildingLink/sentry,ngonzalvez/sentry,looker/sentry,ngonzalvez/sentry,mvaled/sentry,ifduyue/sentry,jokey2k/sentry,gencer/sentry,gencer/sentry,jean/sentry,BayanGroup/sentry,kevinlondon/sentry,hongliang5623/sentry,korealerts1/sentry,songyi199111/sentry,vperron/sentry,looker/sentry,beeftornado/sentry,JTCunning/sentry,songyi199111/sentry,argonemyth/sentry,JamesMura/sentry,fotinakis/sentry,boneyao/sentry,looker/sentry,BayanGroup/sentry,gencer/sentry,alexm92/sentry,fotinakis/sentry,JamesMura/sentry,llonchj/sentry,Kryz/sentry,zenefits/sentry,daevaorn/sentry,BuildingLink/sentry,kevinastone/sentry,JackDanger/sentry,camilonova/sentry,zenefits/sentry,fuziontech/sentry,ewdurbin/sentry,daevaorn/sentry,TedaLIEz/sentry,boneyao/sentry,zenefits/sentry,ifduyue/sentry,kevinlondon/sentry,looker/sentry,mitsuhiko/sentry,mvaled/sentry,felixbuenemann/sentry,songyi199111/sentry,wujuguang/sentry,zenefits/sentry,fuziontech/sentry,pauloschilling/sentry,felixbuenemann/sentry,llonchj/sentry,JackDanger/sentry,TedaLIEz/sentry,daevaorn/sentry,mvaled/sentry,BuildingLink/sentry,drcapulet/sentry,drcapulet/sentry,JackDanger/sentry,kevinastone/sentry,1tush/sentry,JamesMura/sentry,Natim/sentry,ifduyue/sentry,kevinastone/sentry,jean/sentry,wong2/sentry,ngonzalvez/sentry,beeftornado/sentry,wong2/sentry,nicholasserra/sentry,Kryz/sentry,argonemyth/sentry,fotinakis/sentry,boneyao/sentry,Kryz/sentry,wujuguang/sentry,ifduyue/sentry,korealerts1/sentry,gg7/sentry,alexm92/sentry,jean/sentry,daevaorn/sentry,hongliang5623/sentry,mitsuhiko/sentry,nicholasserra/sentry,wong2/sentry,beeftornado/sentry,mvaled/sentry,hongliang5623/sentry,vperron/sentry,korealerts1/sentry,BuildingLink/sentry,imankulov/sentry,camilonova/sentry,alexm92/sentry,ewdurbin/sentry,pauloschilling/sentry,nicholasserra/sentry